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INS Arighaat

2026-05-05T16:40:37Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{Short description|Arihant-class nuclear submarine}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{italic title|string=Arighaat}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Arihant 1.svg
| image_caption = An artist's impression of an ''Arihant''-class submarine
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = [[India]]
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Arighaat''
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = Shipbuilding Centre (SBC), [[Visakhapatnam]], [[India]]<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|author=S. Anandan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/second-nuclear-submarine-headed-for-yearend-launch/article2798864.ece|title=Second nuclear submarine headed for year-end launch|work=The Hindu|date=14 January 2012|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref>
| laid_down = 2011<ref>{{cite web|author=PETR TOPYCHKANOV|url=https://www.rbth.com/blogs/2015/07/15/indo-russian_naval_cooperation_sailing_high_seas_44243|title=Indo-Russian naval. cooperation: Sailing high seas|work=Russia&India Report|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>
| launched = 19 November 2017<ref name="launched"/>
| christened =
| acquired =
| commissioned = 29 August 2024
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = In active service
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|0}} [[ballistic missile submarine]]
| type = [[Ballistic missile submarine]]
| displacement = 6,000 tonnes
| length = 111.6 m
| beam = 11 m
| height =
| draft = 9.5 m
| depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| power = *1 x CLWR-B1 Compact [[Light-water reactor]],<ref name="CLWR-B1">{{cite news|title=Founder's Day Speech, Director, BARC|url=http://www.barc.gov.in/presentations/fddir18.pdf|access-date=21 March 2021|publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre|date=30 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="clwr_barc">{{cite journal|title=DAE Excellence in Science, Engineering & Technology Awards 2010|journal=BARC Newsletter|date=September–October 2011|issue=322|page=33|url=http://www.barc.gov.in/publications/nl/2011/2011091009.pdf|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=15 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515202113/http://barc.gov.in/publications/nl/2011/2011091009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 83 MW<ref name="launched"/>
| propulsion = *1 × [[propeller shaft]], [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear propulsion]]
| speed = '''Surfaced:''' {{convert|12|-|15|kn|km/h}}
'''Submerged:''' {{convert|24|kn|km/h}}
| range = Unlimited except by food supplies
| endurance = Unlimited except by food supply and maintenance
| test_depth = Between {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|400|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Arihant-class submarines|url=http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?get=new&id=R5mr0CLjcww=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140826090954/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?get=new&id=R5mr0CLjcww=|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 August 2014|website=Defence News|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref>
| complement =
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *[[USHUS (sonar)|USHUS]] sonar
*[[Panchendriya (sonar)|Panchendriya]] unified submarine sonar, control system and underwater communication system <ref name="naval-technology.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class/|title=Retrieved on 2016-10-21.|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502115614/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live }}</ref>
| EW =
| armament = *6 × {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} torpedo tubes - estd. 30 charges (torpedoes, missiles or mines)
*4 [[Vertical launching system|VLS]] cells for
**12 × [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 Sagarika]] [[SLBM]] (or)
**4 × [[K-4 (SLBM)|K-4]] [[SLBM]]
*<ref>{{cite web|first=John|last=Pike|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/atv-specs.htm|title=Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)| publisher=globalsecurity.org| date=27 July 2009| access-date=24 January 2011| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110829062226/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/atv-specs.htm|archive-date=29 August 2011}}</ref>
| notes =
}}
}}
'''INS ''Arighaat''''' '''(SSBN 81)''' ({{Lit|The one who attacks the enemy}}) is the second of the [[Indian Navy]]'s {{sclass|Arihant|submarine}}. It is designated '''S3''' Strategic Strike Nuclear Submarine. The 6,000 tonne vessel was built under the [[Advanced Technology Vessel]] (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in the port city of [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ensuring India's Qualitative Military Edge|date=10 April 2013 |url=http://www.sharnoffsglobalviews.com/india-nuclear-capability-003/|publisher=SHARNOFF'S GLOBAL VIEWS|access-date=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="launched">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10|title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines|date=7 December 2017|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153439/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10|archive-date=20 April 2019}}</ref>

The submarine was quietly launched in 2017 and little has been publicly announced about its capabilities and current status. The submarine was originally known as INS ''Aridhaman'' but was renamed INS ''Arighaat'' upon its launch. ''Arighaat'' was commissioned on 29 August 2024.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=Second Arihant-Class submarine ‘INS Arighaat’ commissioned into Indian Navy in the presence of Raksha Mantri in Visakhapatnam |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2049870 |access-date=28 November 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>

== Description ==
The boat will have one seven-blade propeller powered by a [[Pressurized water reactor|Compact Light water reactor]] (CLWR). It can achieve a maximum speed of {{convert|12|-|15|kn|km/h}} when on surface and {{convert|24|kn|km/h}} when submerged.<ref name="navaltech">{{cite web |url= http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class/ |title=SSBN Arihant Class Submarine, India |publisher=naval-technology.com |access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=INS Arighaat: How a second nuclear submarine boosts India’s strategic reach |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arighaat-how-a-second-nuclear-submarine-boosts-indias-strategic-reach-2591300-2024-08-31 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=India to commission second Arihant-class submarine in 2021 |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/india-to-commission-second-arihant-class-submarine-in-2021 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref> The CLWR is an upgraded form of the one that powers [[INS Arihant]]. The CLWR has exceptionally lower [[acoustic signature]] than the previous generation making it harder to detect by enemy vessels along with longer endurance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2024 |title=How Refined 83 MW PWR on INS Arighat Boosts its Stealth and Endurance Compared to INS Arihant |url=https://defence.in/threads/how-refined-83-mw-pwr-on-ins-arighat-boosts-its-stealth-and-endurance-compared-to-ins-arihant.9797/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

The submarine has four launch tubes in its hump, just like her predecessor. She can carry up to 12 [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 Sagarika]] missiles (each with a range of {{convert|750|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}), or four [[K-4 (missile)|K-4 missiles]] (with a range of {{convert|3500|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}).<ref name="launched"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arihant-returned-yesterday-from-20-day-deterrent-patrol-1383188-2018-11-05|title=INS Arihant returned yesterday from 20-day deterrent patrol|date=5 November 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-28 |title='Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nuclear-capable-ballistic-missile-tested-from-ins-arighaat/articleshow/115747030.cms |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Status ==
INS Arighaat was launched in November 2017.<ref name="launched" /> ''INS Arighaat'' was expected to be commissioned in 2021.<ref name="launched" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pubby|first=Manu|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-rs-1-2-l-cr-n-submarine-project-closer-to-realisation/articleshow/74234776.cms|title=India's Rs 1.2 lakh crore nuclear submarine project closer to realisation|date=21 February 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> However the commissioning was pushed to 2024 as per a report in the [[Hindustan Times]].<ref name="Arighat2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aircraft-carrier-ins-vikramaditya-is-back-on-high-seas-101676775908275.html |title=Aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya is back on high seas |author= Shishir Gupta |date=19 February 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |publisher= |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219033438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aircraft-carrier-ins-vikramaditya-is-back-on-high-seas-101676775908275.html |archive-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=29 May 2024 |title=The Indian Navy is preparing to commission the second of its new nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines |url=https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2024/05/29/the-indian-navy-is-preparing-to-commission-the-second-of-its-new-nuclear-powered-ballistic-missile-submarines/ |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=Zona Militar |language=es}}</ref> INS Arighaat has been commissioned on 29 August 2024 after extensive trials and upgrades. The commissioning ceremony was held in the presence of [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] [[Rajnath Singh]] in Naval Dockyard at [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2024 |title=India commissions INS Arighat: Know all about Navy's 2nd nuclear-powered submarine |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-commissions-ins-arighat-know-all-about-navys-2nd-nuclear-powered-submarine/articleshow/112900556.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INS Arighaat: All About India's 2nd Nuclear Ballistic Submarine |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ins-arighat-commissioned-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-2nd-nuclear-submarine-6442561 |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Second Arihant-Class submarine ‘INS Arighaat’ commissioned into Indian Navy in the presence of Raksha Mantri in Visakhapatnam |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2049860 |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>

INS Arighaat is significantly more advanced than the INS Arihant with an increased indigenous content of 70%. In contrast to its predecessor which is equipped with only 750-km range missiles, Arighaat is equipped with both [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 ''Sagarika'']] and [[K-4 (missile)|K-4]] missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2024 |title=INS Arighaat fitted with 3,500 km strike range missiles, 70 pc indigenous content |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ins-arighaat-fitted-with-3500-km-strike-range-missiles-70-pc-indigenous-content20240906192342 |access-date=7 September 2024 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref>

== Service history ==
On 27 November 2024, a nuclear-capable [[K-4 (missile)|K-4]] [[SLBM]] with a range of {{Convert|3500|km||abbr=on}} was tested from INS Arighaat in [[Bay of Bengal]]. The missile was tested without a warhead and this was the first submarine launch of the long range missile system.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nuclear-capable-ballistic-missile-tested-from-ins-arighaat/articleshow/115747030.cms |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nuclear-ballistic-missile-tested-from-submarine-ins-arighaat-2641477-2024-11-28 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-28 |title=K-4 ballistic missile test: MAD message rings loud and clear |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/k-4-ballistic-missile-test-mad-message-rings-loud-and-clear/articleshow/115774360.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> While the missile launch was a success, the other parameters for the missile test is being examined as of 2 December.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-02 |title=Navy Chief Dinesh Kumar Tripathi: Deals for Rafale-M jets, three additional Scorpene submarines in advanced stages |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/deals-for-rafale-m-jets-three-additional-scorpene-submarines-in-advanced-stages-navy-chief/article68937239.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== See also ==
* {{INS|Arihant}}
* {{sclass|Arihant|submarine}}
* [[Future of the Indian Navy]]
* [[K Missile family]]

{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arighat}}
[[Category:Arihant-class submarines]]
[[Category:Nuclear-powered submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:Submarines of India]]
[[Category:2017 ships]]
[[Category:Submarine classes]]

Hokato Hotozhe Sema

2026-05-01T13:19:40Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Stub

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| honorific_prefix = [[Subedar]]
| name = Hokato Hotozhe Sema
| image = Hokato Hotozhe Sema in September 2024.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| fullname =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Niuland district]], [[Nagaland]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = {{Flag|India}}
| branch = {{Army|India}}
| serviceyears = 2000–present
| rank = [[File:Subedar - Risaldar of the Indian Army.svg|25px]] [[Subedar]]
| servicenumber =
| unit = [[Assam Regiment]]
| awards = [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| sport = [[Shot put]]
| event = [[Shot put| Men's shot put F57]]
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| paralympics = [[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]] '''{{bronze3}}'''
| pb = [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's shot put F57|Shot put F57]]: 14.65 m ([[Paris]], 2024)
| updated = 8 September 2024
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[para-athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{Medal|Competition|[[Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's shot put F57|Shot put F57]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games| Shot put F57]]}}
}}

'''Hokato Hotozhe Sema''', [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya|VSM]] (born 24 December 1983)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=HOTOZHE SEMA Hokato |url=https://www.paralympic.org/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/hokato-hotozhe-sema_1993412 |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]]}} ([https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/hokato-hotozhe-sema_1993412 alternate link], [https://paris2024.rtve.es/es/paris-2024-paralimpicos/atleta/hokato-hotozhe-sema_1993412 alternate link 2])</ref> is an Indian para-athlete from [[Nagaland]] and a [[Junior commissioned officer|Junior Commissioned Officer]] in the [[Indian Army]]. He competes in men's shot put F57 event. He represented [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] at [[Paris]] and won a bronze medal in the event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland's Hokato scripts history at Asian Para Games |url=https://morungexpress.com/nagalands-hokato-scripts-history-at-asian-para-games |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-12 |title=Nagaland's Hokato Hotozhe Sema Qualifies For Paris Paralympic Games 2024 |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/08/12/nagalands-hokato-hotozhe-sema-qualifies-for-paris-paralympic-games-2024/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=India at Paris Paralympics 2024: Complete list of 84 athletes at Paralympic Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/paris-2024-india-paralympics-contingent-full-list-of-84-indian-athletes-qualified-sports-ministry-paralympic-games-news/article68512627.ece |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Men's Shot Put - F57 Final - Para Athletics |url=https://www.paralympic.org/en/paris-2024-paralympics/results/para-athletics/men-s-shot-put---f57/fnl-000100-- |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=Paris 2024 Paralympics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/hokato-hotozhe-sema-paralympics-bronze-shot-put-9554422/|title=Paralympics: Who is Hokato Hotozhe Sema, India's bronze medal winner in shot put F47 event|date=8 September 2024 |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>

== Background ==
Sema was born in P. Vihoto in the [[Niuland district]], Nagaland. He joined as a havildar in the Indian Army and was promoted as [[Junior commissioned officer|Naib Subedar]] with 9 Assam Regiment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-07 |title=Who is Hokato Hotozhe Sema, a landmine blast survivor armyman who won bronze in shot put at Paris Paralympics? |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/sports/who-is-hokato-hotozhe-sema-who-won-bronze-in-shot-put-at-paris-paralympics-641369.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> He lost his leg in 2002 during an operation at the Line of Control due to a landmine blast. At 32, he started shotput and trained under coach Rakesh Rawat.<ref name=":1" /> A chance meeting with Lieutenant Colonel Gaurav Dutta in 2016 led him to take up shot put.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=From 12 medals in 48 years to 29 in Paris: how India scaled record heights in Paralympics 2024 |url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/41231112/12-medals-48-years-29-paris-india-scaled-record-heights-paralympics-2024 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> He is currently supported by [[Olympic Gold Quest]], a sports NGO.

== Career ==
Sema won the bronze medal in shotput F-56/57 category event at [[2022 Asian Para Games]] in [[Hangzhou, China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Para Games: Hokato bags bronze |url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2023/10/26/asian-para-games-hokato-bags-bronze/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=[[Nagaland Post]]}}</ref> He also won the bronze medal in shotput F-57 category at the [[2024 Summer Paralympics]] in [[Paris]] with a personal best throw of 14.65m.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Paralympic medalists for India|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sema, Hokato Hotozhe}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]

Taj Mohammad Sr.

2026-04-30T06:24:55Z

MeredithRodrigue: Added a stub v1

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1924)}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Taj Mohammad Jr.]], who played for the [[Pakistan national football team]] in the 1950s}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

{{Infobox football biography
| name = Taj Mohammad
| image = Taj Mohammad Sr. in 1949 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Taj with [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] in 1949
| fullname = Taj Mohammad Sr.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-29 |title=SPORTS WORLD: Asia Cup qualifiers, SAFF Champ: PFF hires Bahraini coach |url=http://www.brecorder.com/news/3216050 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Brecorder |language=en |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607224807/https://www.brecorder.com/news/3216050 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahsan |first=Ali |date=2010-12-23 |title=A history of football in Pakistan — Part I |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/593095/a-history-of-football-in-pakistan-part-i |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231030013713/https://www.dawn.com/news/593095/a-history-of-football-in-pakistan-part-i |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = 1924
| birth_place = Killa Batezai, [[Quetta district]], [[British India]] (now in [[Pishin district]], Pakistan)
| death_date = Unknown
| death_place = [[Pakistan]]
| years1 = 1940
| clubs1 = [[Hazara Club Quetta]]
| years2 = 1940
| clubs2 = Sandemanians Club
| years3 = 1940–1947
| clubs3 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Kolkata Mohammedan]]
| years4 = 1948
| clubs4 = [[Bhawanipore Club]]
| years5 = 1949
| clubs5 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| years6 = 1950s
| clubs6 = [[Balochistan football team|Balochistan]]
| years7 = 1950s
| clubs7 = [[Raiders FC|Raiders]]
| years8 = 1957–??
| clubs8 = [[Pakistan Railways FC|North-Western Railway]]
| nationalyears1 = 1948–1949
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 3
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| youthclubs1 = Prince Club Quetta
}}

'''Taj Mohammad''' ({{langx|ps|تاج محمد}}; born 1924) also known as '''Taj Lala''' or '''Taj Senior''',<ref name=":22" /> was a [[association football|footballer]] who played as a [[Defender (association football)|defender]].<ref name="legends">{{cite web |title=East Bengal Club – Legends |url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127153453/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html |archive-date=27 November 2018 |accessdate=1 July 2021 |work=eastbengalclub.co.in}}</ref> Born in the [[Quetta district]] in the [[Baluchistan Agency]] in [[British India]] (present-day [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]]), he represented [[India national football team|India]] during the [[1948 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Jaydeep |date=13 August 2022 |title=Indian Football: Balai Dey, the Mohun Bagan legend who played for both India and Pakistan |url=https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813112136/https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=scroll.in |publisher=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]]}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Belonging to the [[Tareen]] tribe of ethnic [[Pashtuns]], Mohammad was born in 1924 in Killa Batezai in the [[Quetta District|Quetta district]] (modern-day [[Pishin District|Pishin district]]) of [[Baluchistan Agency]] of [[British Raj|British India]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=فٹ بال ہیروز کی دُنیا: پبرصغیر فٹبال کا بے تاج بادشاہ تاج لالہ سینئر |trans-title=World of Football Heroes: Taj Lala Senior, the Uncrowned King of Subcontinent Football |url=https://dunya.com.pk/index.php/sports/2013-05-13/129903 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104170831/https://dunya.com.pk/index.php/sports/2013-05-13/129903 |archive-date=4 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=[[Daily Dunya]] |language=ur |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InpaperMagazine |first=From |date=2013-01-13 |title=In-depth: Pakistan football |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/778489/in-depth-pakistan-football |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525043530/http://dawn.com/2013/01/13/in-depth-pakistan-football/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Club career==
[[File:1940_league_winning_mohammedan_sporting_team.jpg|left|thumb|Mohammad (top standing second from right to left) with 1940 [[Calcutta Football League|CFL]] winning Kolkata Mohammedan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Hassan |first=Mirza |date=2018-07-23 |title=Football and nationalisms in Bengal |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/football-and-nationalisms-bengal-1609426 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182625/https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/football-and-nationalisms-bengal-1609426 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Mohammad started his youth career with Prince Club of Quetta in which he played for 6 years.<ref name=":22" /> In 1940, when he toured [[Lucknow]] with the [[Hazara FC Quetta|Hazara Club]] and represented the Sandemanians Club in the [[Rovers Cup]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], he was called up by [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Kolkata Mohammedan]] where he formed a formidable defence along with [[Baluchistan Agency|Balochistan]] fellow [[Jumma Khan]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-30 |title=Indian football: The tale of the unbeatable Mohammedan Sporting side of 1930s {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-the-tale-of-the-unbeatable-mohammedan-sporting-side-of-1930s/1loskn0qvp1qj1e9u5uuucokf4 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.goal.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530141108/https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-the-tale-of-the-unbeatable-mohammedan-sporting-side-of-1930s/1loskn0qvp1qj1e9u5uuucokf4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Somnath |date=2011-05-27 |title=Legends of Indian Football : Mohammedan Sporting in 1930s |url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-mohammedan-sporting-in-1930s/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=TheHardTackle.com |language=en-US |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615024623/https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-mohammedan-sporting-in-1930s/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Wasim |first=Umaid |date=2021-11-26 |title=Balochistan's boundless passion for football has nowhere to go but an event is keeping the flame alive |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1660239 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112010809/https://www.dawn.com/news/1660239 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1946, the Mysore Football Association alleged three players, including Mohammad, along with [[Ismail Jan]] and [[Osman Jan]], had played in [[Quetta]] the year before. This was a contradiction to Rule 33, which stated that a player can also play for a home club while playing in the Calcutta League. All three players were suspended for two months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrita Bazar Patrika |url=http://www.ndl.gov.in/nw_document/csssc_abp/abp/32011}}</ref>

In 1948, Mohammad joined [[Bhawanipore Club]] in [[Calcutta]].<ref name=":22" /> He played for [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] in 1949 at [[Calcutta Football League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Taj Mohammed |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/25817 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114094629/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/25817 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=Olympedia}}</ref><ref name="legends" />

Following the [[Partition of India|partition]], Mohammad moved to [[Pakistan]] where he played for several clubs, including Muslim Club of Quetta, Afghan Club and [[Karachi Kickers]]. In 1955, he toured [[India]] with [[Karachi Kickers]] and the next year went on tour to [[Tehran]] with [[Hazara Club Quetta]].<ref name=":22" /> He represented [[Balochistan football team|Balochistan]] in the [[National Football Championship (Pakistan)|National Football Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil & Military Gazette (Lahore) - Wednesday 16 November 1955 |url=https://britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19551116/116/0006 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> And also played for [[Raiders FC|Raiders]] for their participation in the [[Rovers Cup]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgJFAAAAIBAJ&dq=Pak+Raiders+Football&pg=PA9&article_id=2988,4596061 |title=The Indian Express |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=msw-AAAAIBAJ&dq=Taj+Sr.+Football&pg=PA6&article_id=3331,272294 |title=The Indian Express |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Towards the end of his career, Taj joined [[Pakistan Railways F.C.|North-Western Railway]] in 1957, where he'd play till the rest of his career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil & Military Gazette (Lahore) - Tuesday 24 September 1957 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19570924/256/0012 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

== International career ==
Mohammad competed in the [[Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics|men's tournament]] at the [[1948 Summer Olympics]] with the [[India national football team|India national team]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/taj-mohammed-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418124051/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/taj-mohammed-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Taj Mohammed Olympic Results|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> The following year, he toured [[Ceylon]] with [[India national football team|India]], playing in several matches against local sides, including two friendly matches against [[Sri Lanka national football team|Ceylon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of Ceylon 1949.04.29 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=tocy19490429-01.1.9 |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of Ceylon 1949.04.14 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=tocy19490414-01.1.9 |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=gpa.eastview.com}}</ref>

After representing India at international level, he migrated back to his hometown in Pakistan.{{efn|Although some sources erroneously indicate that Taj Mohammad Sr. represented the Pakistan national football team later on, this is not the case. Taj Mohammad Jr. also hailing from Quetta represented Pakistan including during their international debut in 1950.<ref name=":22" />}}

== Post-retirement ==
After his retirement from the game, Mohammad worked in a government school where he retired in 1975.<ref name=":22" /> He spent his later life in abject poverty.<ref name=":22" /> The Taj Lala Football Stadium in Pishin is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Opposition alliance launches protest movement with Pishin power show |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/538936-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-with-pishin-power-show |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.geo.tv |date=13 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Opposition alliance launches protest movement against govt in Balochistan's Pishin |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-against-govt-in-balochistans-pishin20240413174802/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Opposition alliance launches protest movement with Pishin power show |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1178205-opposition-alliance-launches-protest-movement-with-pishin-power-show |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |date=14 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Honours==
'''Bengal'''
* [[Santosh Trophy]]: [[1945–46 Santosh Trophy|1945–46]]
'''East Bengal'''
* [[IFA Shield]]: [[1949 IFA Shield Final|1949]]
* [[Calcutta Football League]]: 1949
* [[Rovers Cup]]: 1949

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Pakistan|Association football}}
* [[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}
*{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}
*{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{India men's football squad 1948 Summer Olympics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Taj}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Footballers from Quetta]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Olympic footballers for India]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Pakistani men's footballers]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in India]]
[[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]
[[Category:Pakistan Railways F.C. players]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani sportsmen]]

United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind

2026-04-27T09:03:32Z

MeredithRodrigue: Added new biography added tags

{{Use American English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox SCOTUS case
|Litigants=United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
|ArgueDateA=January 11
|ArgueDateB=12
|ArgueYear=1923
|DecideDate=February 19
|DecideYear=1923
|FullName=United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
|USVol=261
|USPage=204
|ParallelCitations=43 S. Ct. 338; 67 [[L. Ed.]] 616; 1923 [[U.S. LEXIS]] 2544
|Prior=''In re Bhagat Singh Thind'', 268 [[Federal Reporter|F.]] 683 ([[United States District Court for the District of Oregon|D. Or.]] 1920)
|Subsequent=
|Holding=People of Indian descent are not white, and hence are not eligible for naturalization.
|Majority=Sutherland
|JoinMajority=''unanimous''
|LawsApplied=
| Superseded = [[Luce-Celler Act]]

}}
'''''United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind''''', 261 U.S. 204 (1923), was a case in which the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] decided that [[Bhagat Singh Thind]], an [[India]]n [[Sikhism|Sikh]] man who identified himself as an [[Aryan]], was ineligible for [[naturalization|naturalized citizenship]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{ussc|name=United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind|volume=261|page=204|pin=|year=1923}}. {{usgovpd}}</ref> In 1919, Thind filed a petition for naturalization under the [[Naturalization Act of 1906]] which allowed only "free white persons" and "aliens of African nativity and [[African Americans|persons of African descent]]" to become United States citizens by naturalization.

After his petition was granted, government attorneys initiated a proceeding to cancel Thind's naturalization and a trial followed in which the government presented evidence of Thind's political activities as a founding member of the [[Ghadar Party]], an [[Indian independence movement]] headquartered in [[San Francisco]].<ref name="papers.ssrn.com">{{cite journal|last1=Coulson|first1=Doug|title=British Imperialism, the Indian Independence Movement, and the Racial Eligibility Provisions of the Naturalization Act: United States v. Thind Revisited|journal=Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives|date=2015|volume=7|pages=1–42|ssrn=2610266}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogden |first=Johanna |title=Ghadar, historical silences, and notions of belonging: early 1900s Punjabis of the Columbia river |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A295324838/AONE?u=nysl_we_caniscl&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9f77ad70 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> Thind did not challenge the constitutionality of the racial restrictions. Instead, he attempted to be classified as a "free white person" within the meaning of the Naturalization Act based on the fact that [[Indian people|Indians]] and [[White people|Europeans]] share common descent from [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]].

Thind was represented by a fellow [[Indian Americans|Indian American]], [[Sakharam Ganesh Pandit]], a [[California]] attorney.

The Court unanimously rejected Thind's argument, adding that Thind did not meet a "common sense" definition of [[White people|white]], ruling that Thind could not become a naturalized citizen. The Court concluded that "the term 'Aryan' has to do with linguistic, and not at all with physical characteristics, and it would seem reasonably clear that mere resemblance in language, indicating a common linguistic root buried in remotely ancient soil, is altogether inadequate to prove common racial origin."<ref name="Chi, S. 2012 pp. 341">Chi, S. & Robinson, E.M. (2012). Voices of the Asian American and Pacific Islander Experience (vol. 1). pp. 341. USA: Greenwood. {{ISBN|978-1-59884-354-5}}</ref>

==Background==
[[Bhagat Singh Thind]] had come to the United States in 1913 for higher studies after obtaining a bachelor's degree in India. He enlisted in the [[United States Army]], became a Sergeant and served in [[World War I]]. He was discharged honorably with his character designated as "excellent". Thind was granted citizenship in the state of Washington in July 1918 but his citizenship was rescinded in just four days. Thind then applied for citizenship a second time while working in Oregon on May 6, 1919.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deol |first=Amrit |title="Gilded Cages": Race, Labor, Citizenship, and the Fabrication of the "Hindu" in the American West. |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A760822130/AONE?u=nysl_we_caniscl&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=6721d5e9 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> He received his citizenship in the state of Oregon in November 1920 after the [[Immigration and Naturalization Service|Bureau of Naturalization]] was unsuccessful in its efforts to stall it in Oregon court. The case then reached the Supreme Court, where [[Sakharam Ganesh Pandit]], a California attorney and fellow immigrant, represented Thind.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The other one percent : Indians in America|last=Chakravorty|first=Sanjoy|last2=Kapur|first2=Devesh|last3=Singh|first3=Nirvikar|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-19-064874-9|location=New York, NY|pages=15|oclc=965470087}}</ref>

==Argument==
Thind argued that [[Indo-Aryan languages]] are indigenous to the Aryan part of India in the same way that Aryan languages are indigenous to Europe, highlighting the [[Indo-European language family|linguistic ties]] between Indo-Aryan speakers and Europeans, as most European languages including [[English language|English]] are similar to Indo-Aryan languages such as [[Hindi language|Hindi]].<ref name="Haney" />

Three months earlier, the ''[[Ozawa v. United States]]'' court case had decided that the meaning of white people for the purposes of the Court were people who were members of the [[Caucasian race]]. With this in mind, Thind argued that he was a white person by arguing that he was a member of the Caucasian race.<ref name="Warnke">Warnke, G. (2007). After Identity: Rethinking Race, Sex, and Gender. Cambridge University Press: New York. {{ISBN|978-0-521-88281-1}}</ref> Thind argued using "a number of anthropological texts" that people in Punjab and other Northwestern Indian states belonged to the "Aryan race",<ref name="Haney" /> and Thind cited scientific authorities such as [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]] as classifying Aryans as belonging to the Caucasian race.<ref name="Warnke" /> Thind argued that, although some racial mixing did indeed occur between the Indian castes, the caste system had largely succeeded in India at preventing race-mixing.<ref name="Haney" /> Thind argued that by being a "high-caste, of full Indian blood" he was a "Caucasian" according to the anthropological definitions of his day.<ref name="Zhao" />

Thind's lawyers argued that Thind had a revulsion to marrying an Indian woman of the "lower races" when they said, "The high-caste Hindu regards the aboriginal Indian [[Mongoloid]] in the same manner as the American regards the [[Negro]], speaking from a [[marriage|matrimonial]] standpoint."<ref>Bigsby, C. (2006). The Cambridge companion to modern American culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-84132-0}}</ref> Thind's lawyers argued that Thind had a revulsion to marrying a woman of the Mongoloid race.<ref name="Haney">{{cite book |last=Haney López |first= I.F. |date=1996 |title=White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race |location=New York and London |publisher=New York University Press |page=149 }}</ref> This would characterize Thind as being both white and someone who would be sympathetic to the existing [[anti-miscegenation laws in the United States]].<ref name="Zhao">{{cite book |editor1-last=Zhao |editor1-first=X. |editor2-last= Park |editor2-first=E.J.W.|date=2013 |title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History |publisher=Greenwood |page=1142 |isbn=978-1598842395 }}</ref>

==Supreme Court decision==
Associate Justice [[George Sutherland]] said that authorities on the subject of race were in disagreement over which people were included in the scientific definition of the Caucasian race, so Sutherland instead chose to rely on the common understanding of race rather than the scientific understanding of race.<ref name="Zhao" /> Sutherland found that, while Thind may claim to have "purity of Aryan blood" due to being "born in Village [[Taragarh Talawa]] near Jandiala Guru, [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab]]", he was not Caucasian in the "common understanding", so he could not be included in the "statutory category as white persons".<ref name=Thind />

The Court reiterated its holding in ''[[Ozawa v. United States]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Munshi |first=Sherally |date= |title=Remembering Thind |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A760822135/AONE?u=nysl_we_caniscl&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=59aa8698 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> explaining that the words "free white person" in the naturalization act were "synonymous with the word 'Caucasian' only as that word is popularly understood," pointing out that the statutory language was to be interpreted as "words of common speech and not of scientific origin, ... written in the common speech, for common understanding, by unscientific men."<ref name="Zhao" /> Justice Sutherland wrote in his summary:<ref name=Thind>United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, Certificate From The Circuit Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit., No. 202. Argued January 11, 12, 1923.—Decided February 19, 1923, United States Reports, v. 261, The Supreme Court, October Term, 1922, 204–215.</ref>

{{blockquote|The eligibility of this applicant for citizenship is based on the sole fact that he is of [[History of the Indian caste system|high caste Hindu]] stock, born in village [[Taragarh Talawa]], [[Amritsar]] district, [[Punjab]], one of the extreme north western districts of India, and classified by certain scientific authorities as of the Caucasian or [[Aryan|Aryan race]] ... In the Punjab and [[Rajasthan|Rajputana]], while the invaders seem to have met with more success in the effort to preserve their racial purity, intermarriages did occur producing an intermingling of the two and destroying to a greater or less degree the purity of the "Aryan" blood. The rules of caste, while calculated to prevent this intermixture, seem not to have been entirely successful ... the given group cannot be properly assigned to any of the enumerated grand racial divisions. The type may have been so changed by intermixture of blood as to justify an intermediate classification. Something very like this has actually taken place in India. Thus, in [[Hindustan]] and [[Vidarbha|Berar]] there was such an intermixture of the "Aryan" invader with the dark-skinned [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]].<ref name=Thind />}}

The 1910 [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] entry on "[[Hinduism]]" that Justice Sutherland cites as his sole source for this history contradicts his conclusion about the Aryans of Thind's birthplace in the Punjab and explicitly refers to the Aryans of India as part of "the white race."<ref name="papers.ssrn.com"/>

The Court nonetheless also concluded that "the term 'Aryan' has to do with linguistic, and not at all with physical, characteristics, and it would seem reasonably clear that mere resemblance in language, indicating a common linguistic root buried in remotely ancient soil, is altogether inadequate to prove common racial origin."<ref name="Chi, S. 2012 pp. 341"/>

The Court argued that the exclusion of non-whites was based on the idea of racial difference rather than the idea that one race is superior or inferior to another race. The Court argued that the racial difference between Indians and whites was so great that the "great body of our people" would reject assimilation with Indians.<ref name="Zhao" />

In conclusion, the Court also noted that "Congress, by the Act of February 5, 1917, 39 Stat. 874, c. 29, § 3, has now excluded from admission into this country all natives of Asia within designated limits of latitude and longitude, including the whole of India," suggesting its intention that natives of India also be excluded from eligibility for naturalized citizenship.

==Aftermath==
As a result of the U.S. Supreme Court decision finding that no person of Indian origin could become a naturalized American, the first person from the Indian subcontinent to become an American citizen, [[A. K. Mozumdar]], had his citizenship revoked. A decision on his appeal to the [[Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals]] upheld that revocation.

Not only were new applicants from India denied the privilege of naturalization, but the new racial classification suggested that the retroactive revocation of United States citizenship granted to Asian Indian Americans, of which there were many, might be supported by the Court's decision, a point that some courts upheld when United States attorneys petitioned to cancel the citizenship previously granted to many Asian Indian Americans. Up to fifty Indian Americans had their citizenship revoked between 1923 and 1927 as a consequence of the Thind ruling.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Asian American history and culture: an encyclopedia |editor=Ling, Huping |editor2=Austin, Allan W. |isbn=978-1-315-70630-6|location=London |oclc=908047319}}</ref> As they had given up citizenship elsewhere to become naturalized United States citizens, when their United States citizenship was revoked, these Indian Americans became stateless.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rudra |first1=Geetika |title=Here to stay: uncovering South Asian American history |date=2022 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick |isbn=9780813584034}}</ref> Even Thind's own lawyer, [[Sakharam Ganesh Pandit]], was targeted for denaturalization. However, Pandit successfully argued before the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]] that revoking his citizenship would do him and his wife unfair harm under the [[equitable estoppel]] doctrine.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Race, nation, and refuge : the rhetoric of race in Asian American citizenship cases|author=Coulson, Doug |isbn=978-1-4384-6662-0|location=Albany |publisher=SUNY Press |oclc=962141092|date = October 2017}}</ref> His citizenship was upheld, and the Bureau of Naturalization subsequently cancelled its pending [[denaturalization]] cases against Indian American citizens.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian Americans|author=Rangaswamy, Padma |date=2007|publisher=Chelsea House|editor=Johnston, Robert D.|isbn=978-1-4381-0712-7|location=New York|oclc=228654847}}</ref>

Some of the consequences of revoked naturalized status are illustrated by the example of some Indian American naturalized citizen landowners living in [[California]] who found themselves under the jurisdiction of the [[California Alien Land Law of 1913]]. Specifically, Attorney General [[Ulysses S. Webb]] was very active in revoking their land purchases; in a bid to strengthen the [[Asiatic Exclusion League]], he promised to prevent Indian Americans from buying or leasing land. Under intense pressure, and with [[Immigration Act of 1917]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haider |first=Janna E. |title=The Afterlives of Thind: Denaturalizations and the Changing Legal Definitions of Whiteness. |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A760822131/AONE?u=nysl_we_caniscl&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=85bc50c3 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> preventing fresh immigration to strengthen the fledgling Indian American community, many Indian Americans left the United States, leaving only half their original American population, 2,405, by 1940.

Thind petitioned for naturalization a third time in 1935 after the Congress passed the Nye-Lea Act, which made World War I veterans eligible for naturalization regardless of race. Based on his status as a veteran of the United States military during World War I, he was finally granted United States citizenship nearly two decades after he first petitioned for naturalization.<ref name="papers.ssrn.com"/>

As public support for Asian Indians grew throughout [[World War II]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} and as India's independence came closer to reality, Indians argued for an end to their legislative discrimination. The repeal of Chinese exclusion laws in 1943 and the granting of naturalization privileges to Chinese encouraged Asian Indians to hope for similar gains. Hurdling over many members of Congress and the [[American Federation of Labor]], which vehemently opposed removing legislative measures barricading Indian immigration and naturalization, the Asian Indian community finally succeeded in gaining support among several prominent congressmen, as well as President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. The support culminated in the signing into law by President [[Harry S. Truman]] on July 2, 1946, of the [[Luce–Celler Act]]. This Act reversed the Thind decision by explicitly extending racial eligibility for naturalization to natives of India, and set a token quota for their immigration at 100 per year.

==See also==
* [[Racial classification of Indian Americans]]
* ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]''
* ''[[Ozawa v. United States]]''
* ''[[United States v. Wong Kim Ark]]''

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{wikisource-inline}}
* {{caselaw source
| case = ''United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind'', {{ussc|261|204|1923|el=no}}
| courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/100137/united-states-v-thind/
| findlaw = https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/261/204.html
| googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=971300999506440453
| internetarchive ={{IA SCOTUS URL |id=micro_IA40386005_0195}}
| justia =https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/261/204/case.html
| loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep261/usrep261204/usrep261204.pdf
}}
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/bhagat-singh-thind Bhagat Singh Thind materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* https://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat2.html
* http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter10/chapter10.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510224434/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter10/chapter10.html |date=May 10, 2015 }}
* [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5076/ Caucasian but not White: Article on Court Case at GMU]

{{Immigration to the United States}}

[[Category:United States Supreme Court cases in 1923]]
[[Category:United States racial discrimination case law]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]
[[Category:United States Supreme Court cases]]
[[Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law]]
[[Category:Race-related case law in the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-Indian sentiment in the United States]]
[[Category:Sikhism in the United States]]
[[Category:History of Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court]]
[[Category:Deportation from the United States]]
[[Category:White supremacy in the United States]]

Pen Assembly constituency

2026-04-27T06:23:28Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pen
| constituency_no = 191
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 191-Pen.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Raigad Lok Sabha constituency|Raigad]]
| district = [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
| established = 1955
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Ravisheth Patil]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors =308,154
}}
'''Pen Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[Western India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> It is located in [[Raigad district]]. Pen is 30 km from [[Khopoli]], which is 13 km away from [[Kalote Mokashi]]. Dhairyshil Patil, the candidate elected in 2014, joined the [[BJP]] in March 2023. [[Ravisheth Patil]] was elected for a third time in 2024.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Vasant Raut
| {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Govind Katkari
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Laxman Mhatre
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || A. P. Shetye || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=2 | Ambaji Patil || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || rowspan=5 | Mohan Patil || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Ravisheth Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=2 | [[Dhairyashil Patil]]|| {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan=2 | [[Ravisheth Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,24,631 |percentage = 55.63% |change={{increase}}2.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prasad Dada Bhoir |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 63,821 |percentage = 28.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atul Nandkumar Mhatre |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 29,191 |percentage = 13.03% |change={{decrease}}28.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,473 |percentage = 1.10% |change={{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mangal Parshuram Patil |party=Abhinav Bharat Party |votes = 2,266 |percentage = 1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Devendra Maruti Koli |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,701 |percentage = 0.76% |change={{increase}}0.10 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 60,810 |percentage = 27.14% |change= {{increase}}15.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,26,527 |percentage = 73.51% |change= {{increase}}2.04 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,24,054}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,08,154|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.98 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,12,380 |percentage = 52.65% |change={{increase}}47.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhairyashil Patil|Dhairyashil Mohan Patil]] |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 88,329 |percentage = 41.38% |change={{increase}}9.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,473 |percentage = 1.16% |change={{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nanda Mhatre |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 2,330 |percentage = 1.09% |change={{decrease}}29.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravi Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,561 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gharat Ramsheth Manglya |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,556 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Ramesh Gauru |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,413 |percentage = 0.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,051 |percentage = 11.27% |change= {{increase}}9.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,15,933 |percentage = 71.49% |change= {{increase}}0.07 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,13,453}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,02,036|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Peasants And Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}20.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhairyashil Patil|Dhairyashil Mohan Patil]] |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 64,616 |percentage = 32.38% |change={{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 60,496 |percentage = 30.32% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kishor Otarmal Jain |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 44,251 |percentage = 22.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jambhale Sanjay Janardan |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 11,387 |percentage = 5.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gharat Ramsheth Mangalya |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,452 |percentage = 4.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Govardhan Polsani |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 3,151 |percentage = 1.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,891 |percentage = 1.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ankush Kisan Tadkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,937 |percentage = 0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,120 |percentage = 2.06% |change= {{decrease}}2.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,02,544 |percentage = 71.67% |change= {{decrease}}2.03 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,99,546}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,82,621|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants And Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants And Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhairyashil Patil|Dhairyashil Mohan Patil]] |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 60,757 |percentage = 34.19% |change={{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=53,141|percentage=29.90%|change={{decrease}}8.76}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anil Tatkare]]|party=Independent politician|votes=49,992|percentage=28.13%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Harishchandra Bhaguram Bekawade|party=Independent politician|votes=4,642|percentage=2.61%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravindra Baliram Patil|party=Independent politician|votes=1,452|percentage=0.82%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Patil Vijay Keshav|party=Independent politician|votes=1,451|percentage=0.82%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raut Bhiku Sitaram|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,437|percentage=0.81%|change={{decrease}}0.92}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,616 |percentage = 4.29% |change= {{decrease}}5.87 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,77,753|percentage=72.65%|change={{increase}}0.07}}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,77,725}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,44,673|ref = |change= {{increase}}20.77 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants And Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.48 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 56,841 |percentage = 38.66% |change={{increase}}5.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhai Mohan Mahadev Patil |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 41,905 |percentage = 28.50% |change={{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishnu Bhai Patil |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 28,175 |percentage = 19.16% |change={{decrease}}13.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravisheth B. Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,932 |percentage = 3.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohanbhai D. Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,280 |percentage = 2.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravisheth D. Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,692 |percentage = 1.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pramod Sitaram Kamble |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,543 |percentage = 1.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,936 |percentage = 10.16% |change= {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,47,017 |percentage = 72.57% |change= {{increase}}12.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,47,015}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,02,591|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants And Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}3.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 38,768 |percentage = 35.05% |change={{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravisheth Patil]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 36,155 |percentage = 32.69% |change={{decrease}}2.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishnu Hari Patil |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 35,683 |percentage = 32.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,613 |percentage = 2.36% |change= {{increase}}1.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,17,848 |percentage = 63.65% |change= {{decrease}}12.33 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,10,606}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,85,152|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants And Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 43,027 |percentage = 35.95% |change={{decrease}}15.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravindranath Dagadu Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 42,034 |percentage = 35.12% |change={{decrease}}6.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Satish Chandane |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 15,100 |percentage = 12.62% |change={{increase}}5.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishnu Hari Patil |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Maharashtra) |votes = 9,434 |percentage = 7.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. T. Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,371 |percentage = 6.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajanikant Alias Raju Shah |party=Maharashtra Rashtrawadi Congress |votes = 1,009 |percentage = 0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ballal Govind Puranik |party=Independent politician |votes = 753 |percentage = 0.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 993 |percentage = 0.83% |change= {{decrease}}9.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,23,755 |percentage = 74.52% |change= {{increase}}7.91 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,19,685}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,66,076|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}15.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 51,184 |percentage = 51.52% |change={{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahatre Balaji Damaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 40,904 |percentage = 41.17% |change={{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dere Diwakar Baburao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,051 |percentage = 7.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,280 |percentage = 10.35% |change= {{decrease}}3.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,01,782 |percentage = 65.73% |change= {{increase}}4.42 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,345}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,54,851|ref = |change= {{increase}}27.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 40,347 |percentage = 55.49% |change={{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Namdeo Yeso Khaire |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,513 |percentage = 41.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. S. Dingale |party=Independent politician |votes = 964 |percentage = 1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,834 |percentage = 13.52% |change= {{decrease}}12.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,573 |percentage = 61.26% |change= {{increase}}3.53 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,712}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,21,728|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 36,996 |percentage = 61.82% |change={{increase}}22.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavand Vithalrav |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,651 |percentage = 36.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Oswal Babulal Sardarmal |party=Independent politician |votes = 773 |percentage = 1.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravkar Madhusudan Sitaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 425 |percentage = 0.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,345 |percentage = 25.64% |change= {{increase}}21.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,669 |percentage = 57.91% |change= {{decrease}}9.77 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,845}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,06,485|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}18.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ambaji Tukaram Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,478 |percentage = 43.61% |change={{increase}}9.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 25,541 |percentage = 39.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mulchand Surajmal Modi |party=Janata Party |votes = 11,285 |percentage = 17.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,937 |percentage = 4.50% |change= {{decrease}}28.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,479 |percentage = 68.17% |change= {{decrease}}6.05 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,304}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,986|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}22.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ambaji Tukaram Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 41,892 |percentage = 66.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Mahadeo Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,293 |percentage = 33.70% |change={{decrease}}12.65 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,599 |percentage = 32.60% |change= {{increase}}31.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,360 |percentage = 74.50% |change= {{increase}}7.06 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,185}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,731|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}18.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=A. P. Shetye |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 23,794 |percentage = 47.91% |change={{increase}}9.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ambaji Tukaram Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,021 |percentage = 46.35% |change={{decrease}}3.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. N. Chavan |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,950 |percentage = 3.93% |change={{decrease}}1.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=T. S. Damale |party=Independent politician |votes = 903 |percentage = 1.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 773 |percentage = 1.56% |change= {{decrease}}9.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,732 |percentage = 68.96% |change= {{increase}}10.48 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,668}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,463|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Laxman Shankar Mhatre |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,673 |percentage = 49.44% |change={{increase}}32.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tukaram Hari Vajekar |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 15,326 |percentage = 38.52% |change={{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Diwakar Baburao Dere |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,132 |percentage = 5.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shankar Arjan Mhatre |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,985 |percentage = 4.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Sadashiv Damale |party=Independent politician |votes = 675 |percentage = 1.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,347 |percentage = 10.92% |change= {{increase}}8.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,443 |percentage = 58.11% |change= {{decrease}}38.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 39,791}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,039|ref = |change= {{decrease}}37.79 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}14.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Pen<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Raut Vasant Rajaram |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 38,662 |percentage = 35.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Katkari Govind Sonu (St) |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 35,559 |percentage = 32.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Ambaji Tukaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,496 |percentage = 16.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valekar Babu Hadkya (St) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,685 |percentage = 15.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,103 |percentage = 2.84% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,09,402 |percentage = 93.19% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,09,402}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,17,402|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Pen, India|Pen]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Raigad district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|18.7352917|73.0734797|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Raigad district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Duhai Depot RRTS station

2026-04-18T07:23:09Z

MeredithRodrigue: added new info w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Railway station in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:AS2 Duhai Depot RRTS station.svg|40px]] Duhai Depot
| type = {{RapidX Infobox station line|line=Delhi–Meerut}}
| style = RapidX
| image = Namo Bharat trains at depot.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Basantpur Saitli, Uttar Pradesh 201003
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.74208|N|77.46794|E|display=inline}}
| elevation =
| line = {{rcb|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut|croute}}
| connections =
| structure = At-Grade, [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → Train Terminates Here Platform-2 → {{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}
| levels = 1
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Four-Wheeler Parking
| opened = {{start date and age|21 October 2023|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code =
| owned = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| operator = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| status = Operational
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=RapidX|line1=Delhi–Meerut|left1=Duhai|to-left1=Sarai Kale Khan|right1=|to-right1=Duhai Depot}}
| pass_system =
| route_map = {{Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #FFFA4A
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Duhai Depot RRTS station'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut MAP |url=https://ncrtc.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RevisedDELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut-MAP.jpg |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=ncrtc.in}}</ref> is an At-Grade terminal RRTS station in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This will serve as a RRTS station for higher-speed trains on the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]] that can reach speeds of up to 180 km/h. This will be the depot for all [[Namo Bharat]] trainsets for maintenance purposes.

Duhai Depot RRTS station was commissioned on 20 October 2023 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] along with the 17 km long Sahibad-Duhaiyya section of [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]]<ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes32">{{cite web |author1=Abhijay Jha |title=RRTS section nears launch, but links to metro, bus stand will take longer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ghaziabad/rrts-section-nears-launch-but-links-to-metro-bus-stand-will-take-longer/articleshow/99022765.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi-Meerut RRTS corridor: Duhai-Sahibabad section likely to open for public by April – Details inside |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor-duhai-sahibabad-section-likely-to-open-for-public-by-april-details-inside-2992108/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=www.financialexpress.com |language=en}}</ref> and was open to general public on 21 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-10-20 |title=PM Modi inaugurates the priority section of Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS Corridor |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhimeerut-rrts-corridor-pm-modi-launches-namo-bharat-rapidx-train-connecting-Guldhar-to-duhai-depot-11697778894740.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=PM Modi flags off NaMo Bharat, India's 1st Regional Rapid Rail Service (RRTS) {{!}} Details here |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/pm-modi-flags-off-namo-bharat-indias-1st-regional-rapid-rail-service-rrts-details-here-2735778 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2023-10-20 |title=PM Narendra Modi Flags off India’s First Namo Bharat Train on Delhi-Meerut RRTS Corridor |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/pm-narendra-modi-flags-off-indias-first-namo-bharat-train-on-delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC) had invited tenders for the construction of the Duhai Depot RRTS station along with the 1.9 km long Duhai ramp–Duhai Depot section of the 82.15 km Delhi-Meerut RRTS line. Vijay Nirman Co. and [[KEC International]] ([[Joint venture|JV]]) emerged as the lowest bidder for construction work. As a result, under the agreement, companies started construction of Duhai Depot RRTS station.<ref name="themetrorailguy1">{{cite web |title=APCO-CRFG & KEC-CCECC Resume Work on Delhi – Meerut RRTS Line |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2020/05/25/apco-crfg-kec-ccecc-resume-work-on-delhi-meerut-rrts-line/ |website=www.themetrorailguy.com |publisher=The Metro Rail Guy |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
The Duhai Depot RRTS station will have one level - platform with concourse and street level. Duhai Depot RRTS station will be 215 meters long and 26 meters wide.<ref name="msn">{{cite web |title=Delhi-Meerut RRTS update: Ghaziabad station to have 5 exits, to be linked with Naya Bus Stand Metro Station |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/delhi-meerut-rrts-update-ghaziabad-station-to-have-5-exits-to-be-linked-with-naya-bus-stand-metro-station/ar-AA17f11J |website=www.msn.com |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = [[File:AS2 Duhai Depot RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] Duhai Depot track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to Train Terminates Here **
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A06 Duhai RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Duhai}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms '''''** Duhai Depot for Maintenance'''''</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level & Mezzanine
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance, Fare control, Station agent, Token vending machines, Crossover
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → Train Terminates Here
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[File:A01 New Ashok Nagar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|New Ashok Nagar}} '''Next Station:'''[[File:A06 Duhai RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] [[Duhai RRTS station|Duhai]] '''''(Passengers heading towards {{stl|RapidX|Modipuram}} may alight at the next station)'''''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}
There are 3 Gate points – 1, 2 and 3. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel:-

* Gate 1 - Towards Eastern Peripheral Highway (EPE)
* Gate 2 - Towards Eastern Peripheral Highway (EPE)
* Gate 3 - Towards Duhai Depot and Bhikanpur

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{RapidX|Delhi–Meerut=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Ghaziabad district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2023]]

Ratansinh Rajda

2026-04-16T06:34:47Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created Basic Data W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ratansinh Rajda
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]]
| term_start = 1977
| term_end = 1984
| predecessor = Kailas Narain Narula Shivnarain
| successor = [[Murli Deora]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1927|12|19}}
| birth_place = Khambalia, [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]], [[Gujarat]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1998|04|10|1927|12|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| party = [[Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| image = Ratansinh Rajda, MP.jpg
}}
'''Ratansinh Rajda''' (19 December 1927 – 10 April 1998) was an Indian politician. He was member of the 6th and 7th Lok Sabha. He represented [[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]] constituency and was a member of the [[Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=7th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile RAJDA, SHRI RATANSINH|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422065203/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|archive-date=22 April 2021|website=Lok Sabha}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=29 May 1998|title=Made references on passing away of Shri Ratan Sinh Rajda, a member of Sixth and Seventh Lok Sabha on 10th April,1998; Shri Purushottam Kakodkar, a member of Fifth Lok Sabha on 2nd May, 1998.|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/756050/1/150.pdf#search=null%20OBITUARY%20REFERENCE|website=Lok Sabha Digital Library}}</ref>

== Life and career ==
He was born on 19 December 1927, at [[Jamkhambhaliya|Khambhalia]] in [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]] district of [[Gujarat]]. He attended St. Xavier's College and Government Law College in [[Bombay]]. In 1954, he married Hansaben Rajda. The couple had two daughters.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=7th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile RAJDA, SHRI RATANSINH|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422065203/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|archive-date=22 April 2021|website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> He participated in various freedom struggles before 1947.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

During [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]], he was arrested under [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA) and spent 19 months in jail. In 1977, he joined [[Janata Party]] and was elected from Mumbai South constituency to 6th Lok Sabha. He was re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha from Mumbai South.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=7th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile RAJDA, SHRI RATANSINH|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422065203/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2523.htm|archive-date=22 April 2021|website=Lok Sabha}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=29 May 1998|title=Made references on passing away of Shri Ratan Sinh Rajda, a member of Sixth and Seventh Lok Sabha on 10th April,1998; Shri Purushottam Kakodkar, a member of Fifth Lok Sabha on 2nd May, 1998.|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/756050/1/150.pdf#search=null%20OBITUARY%20REFERENCE|website=Lok Sabha Digital Library}}</ref>

== Positions held ==

* 1947–1948 General Secretary, Bombay Student Congress.<ref name=":0" />
* 1971–1974 General Secretary, Bombay Pradesh Congress Committee (Organisation).<ref name=":0" />
* 1974 Chairman, Works Committee, Bombay Municipal Corporation.<ref name=":0" />
* 1977–1979 Member, 6th Lok Sabha.<ref name=":0" />
* 1977–1978 Secretary, [[Janata Party]] Bombay.<ref name=":0" />
* 1979 Member, Public accounts committee of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].<ref name=":0" />
* 1980–1984 Member, 7th Lok Sabha (2nd term).<ref name=":0" />
* 1980 Member, Committee on Subordinate Legislation of Parliament.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
<references group="Morarji Desai" />

<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajda, Ratansinh}}
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

Banamalipur Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:22Z

MeredithRodrigue: started some biography v1

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Banamalipur
| mla = [[Gopal Chandra Roy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Tripura]]
| district = [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:41466}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
| type = SLA
| map_image = Banamalipur Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 9
}}

'''Banamalipur''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7249-tripura/ |title=Delimitation Commission of India - Notification |website=eci.gov.in |date=12 May 2005 |author=Shangara Ram |accessdate= 25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=district-AC-Map>{{cite web |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |title=District/AC Map - Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura |website=ceotripura.nic.in |access-date= 23 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133941/http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> It is part of [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]] district and a part of [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Bibekananda Bhowmik || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || [[Sukhamoy Sen Gupta]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || rowspan=2 | Ratan Chakraborty
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Madhu Sudhan Saha
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || rowspan=3 | [[Gopal Chandra Roy]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Biplab Kumar Deb]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Gopal Chandra Roy]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Roy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,128 |percentage=49.58% |change={{increase}}47.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajib Bhattacharjee |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,759 |percentage=45.61% |change={{decrease}}14.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santanu Saha |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=732 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=479 |percentage=1.39% |change={{increase}}0.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujata Datta |party=Independent politician |votes=288 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,369 |percentage=3.96% |change= {{decrease}}22.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,548 |percentage=83.47% |change= {{decrease}}6.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,466 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Biplab Kumar Deb]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,755 |percentage=59.89% |change={{increase}}58.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,206 |percentage=33.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Roy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=832 |percentage=2.29% |change={{decrease}}54.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=169 |percentage=0.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,549 |percentage=26.29% |change= {{increase}}9.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,327 |percentage=87.37% |change= {{increase}}3.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,478 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Roy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,464 |percentage=57.28% |change={{increase}}2.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yudhisthir Das |party=Communist Party of India |votes=13,702 |percentage=40.32% |change={{decrease}}1.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gita Roy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=441 |percentage=1.30% |change={{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dulal Chandra Talapatra |party=Amra Bangali |votes=194 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subrata Chakraborty |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes=180 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,762 |percentage=16.96% |change= {{increase}}4.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,981 |percentage=86.78% |change= {{decrease}}0.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,182 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Roy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,354 |percentage=54.68% |change={{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prasanta Kapali |party=Communist Party of India |votes=9,546 |percentage=42.25% |change={{decrease}}2.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudhindra Chandra Dasgupta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=365 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nishith Das |party=Independent politician |votes=206 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,808 |percentage=12.43% |change= {{increase}}4.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,595 |percentage=87.44% |change= {{increase}}13.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,956 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Roy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,437 |percentage=52.03% |change={{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prashanta Kapali |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,907 |percentage=44.40% |change={{increase}}7.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radhashyam Saha |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=464 |percentage=2.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudhindra Dasgupta |party=Independent politician |votes=150 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,530 |percentage=7.63% |change= {{decrease}}9.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,059 |percentage=73.40% |change= {{decrease}}4.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,424 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhu Sudhan Saha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,051 |percentage=54.29% |change={{increase}}5.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prasanta Kapali |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,819 |percentage=36.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Chandra Ghosh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,440 |percentage=7.78% |change={{increase}}2.46 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,232 |percentage=17.46% |change= {{increase}}11.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,512 |percentage=79.54% |change= {{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,720 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ratan Chakraborty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,583 |percentage=49.17% |change={{decrease}}7.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dulal Das Gupta |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,498 |percentage=42.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sankar Paul |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=928 |percentage=5.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikhil Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=253 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,085 |percentage=6.22% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,454 |percentage=74.66% |change= {{decrease}}7.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,705 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ratan Chakraborty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,642 |percentage=56.26% |change={{increase}}3.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bibekananda Bhowmik |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=6,612 |percentage=43.04% |change={{decrease}}2.00 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,030 |percentage=13.22% |change= {{increase}}5.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,361 |percentage=82.43% |change= {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,888 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.99 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukhamoy Sen Gupta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,883 |percentage=52.43% |change={{increase}}37.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bibekananda Bhowmik |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,913 |percentage=45.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subrata Bhowmik |party=Independent politician |votes=224 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Polin Chandra Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=970 |percentage=7.39% |change= {{decrease}}40.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,127 |percentage=82.11% |change= {{increase}}3.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,008 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}12.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Banamalipur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bibekananda Bhowmik |party=Independent politician |votes=6,734 |percentage=64.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Priya Lal Paul |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=1,745 |percentage=16.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarit Mohan Dasgupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,511 |percentage=14.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitendra Chandra Paul |party=Janata Party |votes=461 |percentage=4.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,989 |percentage=47.74% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,451 |percentage=79.01% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,380 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
*[[West Tripura district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.84|91.29|display=title}}

[[Category:West Tripura district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tripura]]

Hoshiarpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:23:33Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hoshiarpur
| map_image = 43-Hoshiarpur.svg
| mla = [[Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:192794 }} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}
| type=SLA
| constituency_no = 43
}}
'''Hoshiarpur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 117 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>
It is part of [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| rowspan=3|[[Tikshan Sud]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=2| [[Sunder Sham Arora]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Hoshiarpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Brahm Shankar Jimpa|Pandit Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]|votes={{formatnum:51112}}|percentage=39.96|change={{increase}}17.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Sunder Sham Arora]]|votes={{formatnum:37253}}|percentage=29.13|change={{decrease}}11.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Tikshan Sud]]|votes={{formatnum:23973}}|percentage=18.74|change={{decrease}}12.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Virinder Singh Parhar
|votes = {{formatnum:12087}}
|percentage = 9.45
|change={{increase}}5.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1151}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:13859}}|percentage=10.83
|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:127907}}|percentage=66.19|change={{decrease}}3.71}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:192794}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Hoshiarpur<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sunder Sham Arora]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:49951}}
|percentage = 40.6
|change = {{decrease}}7.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Tikshan Sud]]
|party = Bharatiya Janta Party
|votes = {{formatnum:38718}}
|percentage = 31.4
|change = {{decrease}}10.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Paramjit Singh Sachdeva
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:27481}}
|percentage = 22.3
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Surinder Kumar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:4442}}
|percentage = 3.6
|change = {{decrease}}1.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1000}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:11233}}
|percentage = 9.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:122179}}
|percentage = 69.9
|change = {{decrease}}1.8
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:176163}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Hoshiarpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sunder Sham Arora]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:52104}}
|percentage = 47.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Tikshan Sud]]
|party = Bharatiya Janta Party
|votes = {{formatnum:45896}}
|percentage = 42.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Onkar Singh Jhamat
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:5714}}
|percentage = 5.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:6208}}
|percentage = 5.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:108535}}
|percentage = 71.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:151428}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Hoshiarpur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|31.53|75.92|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Hoshiarpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Haut Monde Mrs. India Worldwide

2026-04-11T21:22:40Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created A Post

{{Short description|International beauty pageant}}
{{Paid contributions|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide
| logo = Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide.png
| formation = 2011
| founder = Bharat Bhramar
| founding_location =
| type = Beauty pageant
| headquarters = South Delhi
| location = Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.5286282|77.216684|display=inline,title}}
| region_served = 
| owner = 
| key_people =
| website = {{URL|www.mrsindiaworldwide.com}}
| parent_organization = Shri Sai Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
}}

'''Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide''' is an international beauty pageant for Indian married women that is conducted annually.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Today |first1=Telangana |title=Swathi Pala shares on being 'perfectly imperfect' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/swathi-pala-shares-on-being-perfectly-imperfect |website=Telangana Today |date=23 March 2021}}</ref> It is organised by Haut Monde India Group since the year 2011, the parent company is Shri Sai Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., founded by Bharat Bhramar. The 2021 and 2022 finales happened in the [[UAE]] with participants from 21 countries. The first four seasons were hosted in [[India]], then in [[Myanmar]] (2015), [[Dubai]] (2016), [[Vietnam]] (2017), [[Greece]] (2018 and 2019),<ref>{{cite web |title=50-year-old Bengaluru mom gives shape to dreams, to participate in pageant in Greece |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2019/oct/09/50-year-old-bengaluru-mom-gives-shape-to-dreams-to-participate-in-pageant-in-greece-2044841.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Ras Al Khaimah]], UAE (2021 and 2022),<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide 2022 Grand Finale concludes in UAE |url=https://updateodisha.com/2022/08/03/haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2022-grand-finale-concludes-in-uae-79123/ |website=Update Odisha-Odisha News I Latest News |date=3 August 2022}}</ref> and UAE(2023 and 2024).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide Season 13 Grand Finale concludes |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/corporate-news/haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-season-13-grand-finale-concludes-1.1716471285795 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref> The pageant is one of the longest-running and is the pioneer in the category of Indian-married women of substance worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=In Pics: Meet Haut Monde Mrs. India Worldwide 2018, Saroj Mann from Panchkula |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/photo-gallery-in-pics-meet-haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2018-saroj-mann-from-panchkula-2667238/lighting-the-traditional-lamp-2667240 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A different shade of beauty |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fashion/a-different-shade-of-beauty/article5192997.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Times |first1=Team Fiji |title=Beauty Is Power |url=https://fijitimes.net.au/beauty-is-power/ |website=Fiji Times India Australia |date=2 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Desk |first1=C. T. |title=International beauty pageant to be held in Ras Al Khaimah |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/international-beauty-pageant-to-be-held-in-ras-al-khaimah |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Winners==
''List of winners from 2011 to 2022''
*2011 Jeemol Jubain<ref>{{cite web |last1=Desk |first1=INVC |title=Thirty-two contestants to vie for title of Haut.Monde Mrs India Worldwide this year |url=https://www.internationalnewsandviews.com/thirty-two-contestants-to-vie-for-title-of-haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-this-year/ |website=INVC |date=19 October 2014}}</ref>
*2012 Rebecca Ben{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
*2013 Reshika Naikar{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
*2014 Aman Grewal<ref>{{cite web |title=Aman Grewal wins Mrs.India Worldwide 2014|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/aman-grewal-wins-mrs-india-worldwide-2014-3889.html |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
*2015 Drishti Bhanushali<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrs. India Worldwide |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/h_mmag/status/653908302162624512/photo/1 |publisher=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*2016 Poonam Shinde<ref>{{cite web |title=Events - Interview with Mrs India 2016 Winner Poonam Shinde For Her Upcoming Film Movie Launch and Press Meet photos, images, gallery, clips and actors actress stills |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/interview-with-mrs-india-2016-winner-poonam-shinde-for-her-upcoming-film-photos-tamil-events-2746203-69683 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>
*2017 Neha Deshpande<ref>{{cite web |title=Neha Deshpande Wins Mrs India Worldwide 2017 Beauty Pageant! Everything You Need To Know About The Noble Competition |url=https://www.india.com/viral/neha-deshpande-wins-mrs-india-worldwide-2017-beauty-pageant-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-noble-competition-2390498/ |website=India.com |language=en |date=10 August 2017}}</ref>
*2018 Saroj Mann<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pioneer |first1=The |title=Business Corner |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/business/business-corner-business-corner-2018-09-27.html |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Haut Monde Mrs. India Worldwide 2019 Held in Greece |url=https://www.apnnews.com/haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2019-held-in-greece/ |website=APN News |date=October 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Simplicity worked for her |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/news-detail-664277 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>
*2019 Tarini Mukharjee{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
*2021 [[Amisha Sethi]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Beauty Pageant That Transforms Lives. Haut Monde Mrs. India Worldwide 2021 Winner Is Gorgeous Amisha Sethi |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-a-beauty-pageant-that-transforms-lives-haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2021-winner-is-gorgeous-amisha-sethi/409219}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Amisha Sethi crowned as Haut Monde Mrs. India Worldwide 2021 Winner |work=International Business Times |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/amisha-sethi-crowned-haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2021-winner-842118}}</ref>
*2022 Ruchika Malhotra<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aug 2 |first1=PTI / |title=Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide 2022 Grand Finale Concluded in U.A.E. - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-2022-grand-finale-concluded-in-u-a-e-/articleshow/93301099.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*2023 Aprajita Sinha
*2024 Mousumi Sinha Dutta<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Haut Monde Mrs India Worldwide Season 13 Grand Finale concludes |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/corporate-news/haut-monde-mrs-india-worldwide-season-13-grand-finale-concludes-1.1716471285795 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India-culture-stub}}

[[Category:Beauty pageant hosts]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2011]]

OMC Power

2026-04-09T15:59:30Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Info Basic Info

{{Short description|Distributed energy company in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = OMC Power
| logo =
| type = [[Private Limited]]
| industry = [[Distributed energy|Distributed Energy]], [[Solar power|Solar Power]]
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = 2011
| founder = Rohit Chandra, Sushil Jiwarajka, and Anil Raj
| defunct = 
| hq_location_city = [[Gurgaon]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = Rohit Chandra (Managing Director & CEO)
| products =
| owner = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| website = {{URL|https://www.omcpower.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=OMC Power |url=https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/gsma_resources/omc-power/ |website=Mobile for Development |publisher=[[GSMA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OMC Power Private Limited |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/OMCPowerPrivateLimited_April%2014,%202021_RR_269178.html |website=Crisil.com |publisher=[[CRISIL]]}}</ref>
}}
'''OMC Power''' is a [[distributed energy]] company headquartered in [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SunEdison inks pact with Omnigrid |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/SunEdison-inks-pact-with-Omnigrid/article60350413.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In energy starved Indian villages, solar mini-grids light the way |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/vgM8Bax3zHRywTWIdT62pO/In-energy-starved-Indian-villages-solar-minigrids-light-th.html |website=Mint |date=3 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Millions in New Investment Cap Record Year for Beyond the Grid Solar Markets |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/millions-in-new-investment-cap-record-year-for-beyond-the-grid-solar-markets_b_6036928 |website=HuffPost |language=en |date=23 October 2014}}</ref>

It develops solar-powered microgrids and decentralized clean energy systems, primarily across rural areas of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishna |first1=R. Jai |title=Renewable Energy Powers Up Rural India |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/renewable-energy-powers-up-rural-india-1438193488 |website=WSJ |date=29 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Revolution@25kmph |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/work/revolution25kmph/article7460278.ece |website=BusinessLine |language=en |date=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Microgrids lift villages out of dark age |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Trends/Microgrids-lift-villages-out-of-dark-age |website=Nikkei Asia |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925064746/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Trends/Microgrids-lift-villages-out-of-dark-age |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
OMC Power was founded in 2011 by Rohit Chandra, Sushil Jiwarajka, and Anil Raj with their own funds in [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]]. Till 2024, The company has set up over 400 microgrids in eighteen districts of Uttar Pradesh, with capacities ranging from 36 to 50 kW.<ref>{{cite web |title=Light club |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/light-club/100399 |website=Fortuneindia |language=en |date=9 July 2015}}</ref>

In January 2015, OMC Power with other giants of [[Renewable energy]] signed a letter to [[Barack Obama]] to collaborate with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] to develop a "Power India" initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title='Obama, PM Modi can work to develop power initiative' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/obama-pm-modi-can-work-to-develop-power-initiative/articleshow/46008753.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=28 January 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, The [[Rockefeller Foundation]], an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research organization partnered with OMC Power for construction and setup of 100 minigrids and community activities in rural [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peralta |first1=Joseph |title=Renewable Energy for India: A New Deal Could Impact 250 Million People |url=https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/insights/perspective/renewable-energy-for-india-a-new-deal-could-impact-250-million-people/ |website=The Rockefeller Foundation |date=6 April 2016 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114225204/https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/insights/perspective/renewable-energy-for-india-a-new-deal-could-impact-250-million-people/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rockefeller Foundation pledges $75 million to light up 1,000 villages |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/rockefeller-foundation-pledges-75-million-to-light-up-1000-villages/articleshow/46933976.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=15 April 2015}}</ref>

In 2017, OMC Power collaborated with Japanese company [[Mitsui & Co.]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mitsui set to pick up stake in OMC Power |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/uUfsa28BBfhamhvHyl8ROM/Mitsui-set-to-pick-up-stake-in-OMC-Power.html |website=Livmint |date=30 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OMC raises USD 12M funding and Impact Contribution to Renewable Energy based Access to Promote Reliable Energy in Rural India - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/omc-raises-usd-12m-funding-and-impact-contribution-to-renewable-energy-based-access-to-promote-reliable-energy-in-rural-india/86003611 |website=ETEnergyworld |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2022, Japanese company [[Chubu Electric Power]] bought some stake from OMC Power at an agreed cost of 5 billion yen ($39 million).<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan's Chubu Electric to buy stake in India's rural renewable energy service company OMC Power |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/japans-chubu-electric-to-buy-stake-in-indias-rural-renewable-energy-service-company-omc-power/articleshow/91914944.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=31 May 2022}}</ref> And in November 2024, Chubu Electric expanded its investment in OMC Power to boost energy transition in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chubu Electric Japan Expands Investment in OMC Power to boost energy transition in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/japans-chubu-electric-to-buy-stake-in-indias-rural-renewable-energy-service-company-omc-power/articleshow/91914944.cms |website=Economictimes |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2024, [[Jakson Group]] partnered with OMC Power for 50 MW solar projects worth 200 Cr.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jakson Group bags 50 MW solar rooftop project worth Rs 200 cr from OMC Power |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/jakson-group-bags-50-mw-solar-rooftop-project-worth-rs-200-cr-from-omc-power/articleshow/116802037.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jakson Group partners with OMC Power for 50 MW solar project worth Rs 200 Cr |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/business/jakson-group-partners-with-omc-power-for-50-mw-solar-project-worth-rs-200-cr |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, OMC Power completed a Rs 200 crore solar rooftop funding with Aerem Solutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aerem, OMC Power unlock Rs 2 Billion for solar rooftop funding |url=https://www.constructionworld.in/energy-infrastructure/power-and-renewable-energy/aerem--omc-power-unlock-rs-2-billion-for-solar-rooftop-funding/73346 |website=Constructionworld.in |language=en}}</ref> And [[Honda]]'s Clean Energy Storage partnered with OMC Power in October 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patil |first1=Randhir |title=OMC Power targeting 1 GWp RE capacity, attracts investment from Honda |url=https://bioenergytimes.com/omc-power-targeting-1-gwp-re-capacity-attracts-investment-from-honda/ |website=BioEnergy Times |date=27 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mobile Power Pack {{!}} Business and Innovation {{!}} Honda Global |url=https://global.honda/en/mobilepowerpack/news/20260217_topics/ |website=Honda Global |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2026, Japan’s [[Kansai Electric Power Company|Kansai Transmission and Distribution]] acquired a 10% stake in OMC Power to develop 1 gigawatt (GW) of renewable energy capacity in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan's KTD enters Indian energy market, picks 10% stake in OMC Power |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/japans-ktd-enters-indian-energy-market-picks-10-stake-in-omc-power/articleshow/129543054.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=13 March 2026}}</ref>

==Operations==
OMC Power started its [[distributed energy]] operations in 2012 from rural areas of Indian state [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Till 2024 It is operational in 400 villages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minigrids: the next energy access beacon |url=https://www.gatewayhouse.in/minigrids-the-next-energy-access-beacon/ |website=Gateway House |language=en |date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Micro-grid firms look to govt for support |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/microgrid-firms-look-to-govt-for-support/article7028703.ece |website=BusinessLine |language=en |date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

In 2023, OMC started a new vertical providing solar services in the Healthcare segment. It started with [[King George's Medical University|KGMU, Lucknow]] and has scaled up to 9 medical colleges with capacity of 1MW+ in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=KGMU signs MoU for 1MW solar power plant |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/kgmu-signs-mou-for-1mw-solar-power-plant-101676664318958.html |website=Hisndustan Times |date=18 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Privately run microgrids face challenges in rural areas |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/story/power-microgrids-electricity-supply-to-rural-areas-challenges-144347-2015-01-19 |website=Business Today |language=en |date=19 January 2015}}</ref>

==Footnotes==
*[https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/gsma%20resources/omc-power/ A Research & Analysis Report] by [[GSMA]]
*[https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/OMCPowerPrivateLimited_April%2014,%202021_RR_269178.html Detailed Analysis & Rating Report] by [[CRISIL]]

== References ==
{{reflist|45em}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.omcpower.com/ OMC Power]
* [https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/ Rockefeller Foundation]

[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2011]]
[[Category:Solar energy companies]]
[[Category:Renewable energy companies of India]]
[[Category:Renewable resource companies established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Haryana]]

Nawal Kishor Yadav

2026-04-06T04:34:41Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started Some Entry From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nawal Kishor Yadav
| birth_date = 2 March 1958
| birth_place = Sheetalpur, Saran (Chhapra), Bihar, India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
| constituency = Patna Teachers' Constituency
| term_start = 1996
| education = Ph.D., [[Magadh University]] (2001)
| occupation = Politician, college teacher
| father = Hari Rai
}}

'''Nawal Kishor Yadav''' (born 2 March 1958) is an Indian politician from Bihar and a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Council]] representing the Patna Teachers' Constituency since 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vidhanparishad.bihar.gov.in/profile/55|title=Profile of Nawal Kishor Yadav|publisher=Bihar Vidhan Parishad}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Yadav was born on 2 March 1958 in Sheetalpur village in Saran (Chhapra) district of Bihar.<ref name="vp" />
He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from [[Magadh University]], Bodh Gaya in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/biharmlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=65|title=Nawal Kishor Yadav affidavit|publisher=MyNeta}}</ref>

==Political career==
Nawal Kishor Yadav was first elected as a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council (MLC) from the Patna Teachers' Constituency in 1996.<ref name="vp" />
He has been elected consecutively for five terms and is considered one of the prominent leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/news/bih-pat-nawal-kishore-yadav-won-for-the-fourth-time-4561698-nor.html|title=Nawal Kishor Yadav won for the fourth time|publisher=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

He is known as a vocal and outspoken leader in the Bihar Legislative Council, particularly on issues related to education and teachers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/amp/news/bihar/patna-bihar-vidhan-parishad-digital-baby-nawal-kishore-yadav-statement-local18-ws-kl-10203513.html|title=Statement of Nawal Kishor Yadav in Bihar Legislative Council|publisher=News18}}</ref>

==Work and contributions==
Yadav, a teacher-turned-politician, has been actively associated with the education sector and has worked on improving schools and colleges in Patna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/amp/hi/!state/teacher-turned-politician-mlc-nawal-kishor-yadav-transformed-many-schools-and-colleges-of-patna-bihar-news-brs24090501001|title=Teacher turned politician transformed schools|publisher=ETV Bharat}}</ref>

He has raised issues related to teachers, pay scale, and unaided colleges in the Bihar Legislative Council.<ref name="news18" />

==Personal life==
Nawal Kishor Yadav is married. His father’s name is Hari Rai.<ref name="vp" />

==Controversies and public image==
Yadav is often described as a firebrand leader and is known for strongly criticizing policies and administrative functioning, even within his own government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/watch-video-of-argument-between-bjp-mlc-naval-kishore-yadav-and-registrar-of-patliputra-university/amp|title=Argument between BJP MLC and university official|publisher=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>

He has also made political statements comparing parties and leaders, which have drawn media attention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/politics/nawal-kishore-yadav-compared-bjp-to-krishna-and-rjd-to-kansa-know-what-he-said/1957769/amp|title=Nawal Kishor Yadav political statement|publisher=Zee News}}</ref>

==References==
<references>
<ref name="vp">{{cite web|url=https://vidhanparishad.bihar.gov.in/profile/55|title=Profile of Nawal Kishor Yadav|publisher=Bihar Vidhan Parishad}}</ref>
<ref name="news18">{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/amp/news/bihar/patna-bihar-vidhan-parishad-digital-baby-nawal-kishore-yadav-statement-local18-ws-kl-10203513.html|title=Statement in Bihar Legislative Council|publisher=News18}}</ref>
</references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Nawal Kishor}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Council]]
[[Category:People from Saran district]]

Kool: Sakkath Hot Maga

2026-03-30T21:46:34Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created Data

{{Short description|2011 Indian Kannada-language romance film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kool...Sakkath_Hot_Maga.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]
| producer = Shilpa Ganesh
| screenplay = Parala Shivasubramanyam Ganesh
| story = Parala Shivasubramanyam
| starring = Ganesh [[Sana Khan]]
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| editing = [[Anthony (editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = Golden Movies
| distributor = Jayanna Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|5|12}}
| runtime = 152 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Kool: Sakkath Hot Maga''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Kannada-language]] [[romance film]] starring [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Sana Khan]]. The film marks the directorial debut of Ganesh and Kannada acting debut of Sana Khan. His wife, Shilpa Ganesh produced this movie under the home banner 'Golden Movies' marking her debut as producer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2021 |title=Turning director for the first and only time |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/tracing-golden-star-ganeshs-career-through-the-years/photostory/82180443.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024095240/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/tracing-golden-star-ganeshs-career-through-the-years/photostory/82180443.cms |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> [[V. Harikrishna]] has composed the music and a long associate, Ratnavelu works as the cameraman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/14955/sandalwood/Kool-Sakkath-Hot-Maga-Audio-Released-News-Details |title=Kool kannada movie songs | kool kannada movie | kool kannada songs download | kool movie songs | kool film songs free download |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430142114/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/14955/sandalwood/Kool-Sakkath-Hot-Maga-Audio-Released-News-Details |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sify.com/movies/golden-star-ganesh-launches-kool-imagegallery-4-kannada-kgzsx3ciiahsi.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122033444/https://www.sify.com/movies/golden-star-ganesh-launches-kool-imagegallery-4-kannada-kgzsx3ciiahsi.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 January 2022 | title=Golden Star Ganesh launches Kool 4 }}</ref>

==Plot==
Rahul and Kajal are two college students, Rahul lives a carefree life with his friends and father. He meets Kajal at the college where they start off with enmity, but soon become friends and lovers. However, on [[Valentine's Day]] Rahul is killed in a truck accident and dies leaving his father and Kajal devastated. Kajal is sent to [[Darjeeling]] by her parents to stay with her grandparents and recover herself. Kajal leaves for Darjeeling and is shell shocked to know her neighbour Manohar Jaranganalli (MJ), who is a music [[freak]] and a [[doppelganger]] of Rahul.

MJ meets Kajal and falls for her and enquires why she didn't meet Rahul. Kajal reveals that Rahul's former friend Keerthi, whose brother had arrived at her house and revealed that Rahul had betrayed Keerthi, because of which Keerthi committed suicide. But Rahul had told her about Keerthi, and was on her way to meet him, and learned about Rahul's accident, she was too late and Rahul died. In a final twist it is revealed that MJ is actually Rahul and that he [[Faked death|faked his death]] to know who is the actual perpetrator behind his murder as the truck driver mentioned Kajal's name.

Rocky, Rahul's friend calls Rahul and tells him the perpetrator kidnapped Kajal. Rahul arrives and is knocked out by Rocky, who reveals himself as the mastermind behind his accident and also Keerthi's death. Rocky was in love with Keerthi, but she loved Rahul due to which Rocky killed her and made it look like a suicide. He also loved Kajal, but realizing that Rahul would be a hindrance to his love, he had planned to kill him and created Keerthi's brother's character(as Keerthi is an orphan). A fight ensues, in which Rocky falls to his death while attacking Rahul. Thus Rahul reunites with Kajal.

==Cast==
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Rahul and Manohar Jaraganalli (MJ)
* [[Sana Khan]] as Kajal
* [[Bhuvann Ponnannaa]]
* [[Rangayana Raghu]]
*Deepa Shetty
* [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]
* [[Mithra (actor)|Mithra]]
* [[Dattanna]] as Kajal's grandfather
*Sangeetha Shetty

==Production==
After a fallout with director Mussanje Mahesh, Ganesh took over as director.<ref>https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/munjane-vs-mussanje/articleshow/21418492.cms</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
! Song title !! Singers !! Lyricist
|-
| "Inky Pinky" || Naveen Madhav || [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|-
| "Coffee Hogonvaa" || [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]], [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] || Kaviraj
|-
| "Nodutha Nodutha" || [[Sonu Nigam]] || Kaviraj
|-
| "Neenu Ninthare" || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Anuradha Bhat]] || Kaviraj
|-
| "Chandrana" || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] || Kaviraj
|-
| "Udayavani" || [[V. Harikrishna]] || Kaviraj
|-
|}

== Reception ==
Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and says "Rathnavelu's camerawork adds charm to the song, as well as the second half of te film. Watch Kool if you must. And just like the film, the makers leave it to the audience to figure out why the film has been called so! ''Kool'' promised to come as a summer respite but instead adds to the heat".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-kool/20110513.htm|title=Review: Kool is not a cool love story|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=13 May 2011|access-date=21 May 2025|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926093300/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-kool/20110513.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "The technical crew has done their job perfectly, but nothing can be recognised much because of a bad story. ‘''Kool''’ fails to bring in some cool breeze in this hot summer. At the most it is just an average affair".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/may/17/kool-253962.html|title=Kool|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=17 May 2011|access-date=21 May 2025|archive-date=11 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211125242/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/may/17/kool-253962.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote "Ganesh attempts too many things in this film, making it a mess of everything.He sings, co-writes dialogues, gets his wife to produce the movie. Unwarranted and avoidable. Not ''Kool'' at all".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kool-feels-the-heat/articleshow/21604489.cms|title=Kool feels the heat|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=13 May 2011|access-date=21 May 2025|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928133725/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kool-feels-the-heat/articleshow/21604489.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Sharanya C R of ''[[DNA India]]'' wrote, "Unfortunately, what doesn’t quite work is the art of storytelling, which could have been tighter. Ganesh, as a director, is yet to prove his capability but as an actor, he can still rock the screen".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-kool-sakkath-hot-maga-could-have-been-cooler-1543129|title='Kool.... Sakkath Hot Maga' could have been cooler|date=21 November 2013|first=Sharanya|last=C R|work=[[DNA India]]|access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=3172230}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]

Lushai Rising

2026-03-29T15:06:10Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started A Data W/ Infobox...

{{Short description|Anti-British revolt by Lushai chiefs (1890-1896)}}
{{use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| image = Lushai chieftain map.png
| caption = Map of Lushai chiefs and prominent settlements 1890
| conflict = Lushai Rising
| date = April 30, 1890 – 1895
| place = [[Lushai Hills]]
| result = British victory [[British rule in the Lushai Hills|Pacification of Lushai Hills]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|British Raj}}
| combatant2 = Lushai chiefs
| commander1 =
* [[Charles Stewart Murray|C.S. Murray]]
* [[John Shakespear (British Army officer)|John Shakespear]]
* [[Herbert Richard Browne|H.R Browne]]{{KIA}}
| commander2 =
* [[Khalkam]]
* [[Ropuiliani]]
* [[Lalbura]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}
{{History of Mizoram}}

'''The Lushai Rising''' was the conflict between the British and the Lushai chiefs in 1890-1895, which began following the annexation of the Lushai Hills after the [[Chin-Lushai Expedition]]. It concerned the Western chiefs, the Eastern chief and Southern chiefs separately at different intervals. By 1895, the Lushai resistance and rising was considered over.

==Background==
{{main|Chin-Lushai Expedition}}
The annexation of the Lushai Hills saw punitive expeditions with a new goal to annex the Lushai Hills and establish a garrison to control the raiding of the Lushai tribes. However, after the expedition ended in April 1890, not all Lushai chiefs supported the annexation and influential chiefs formed organized resistances as a result. Two offices of political officers were created in the North and South Lushai Hills. The tasks were to pacify the tribes and establish outposts.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=58}}

==Western Lushai Rising==
===Murder of H.R Browne===
Captain [[H.R Browne]] was appointed as political officer of the North Lushai Hills on 1 April 1890. On 13 June 1890, Browne held a durbar of chiefs and announced that [[Lianphunga]] and [[Zahrâwka]] would be deposed from chieftainship for a term of four years for their raid on Chengri Valley and fined 15 guns. Lengpunga had escaped the British during the Chin-Lushai Expedition and built up new settlements instead. Browne had to choose the punishment carefully to balance the interests of not antagonising the chiefs and not showing weakness in the British occupation of the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=106}}

Browne, as a political officer of the North Lushai Hills, focussed on bringing stability with the development of roads. With the inability and insecurity to import coolies to construct the road, Browne opted to request quotas of Lushai men under the chiefs to work as coolies in forced labour. [[Kalkhama]] who realized that revenue would be taken from the chiefs and their freedom to hunt their own jungles led him to cast aside his oath of fealty with Browne.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=108}} Khalkam held a meeting in his [[zawlbuk]] with other chiefs. The chiefs, Thangula, Thanruma, Lenkhunga, Lalrima, Minthang and Rankupa. Khalkam who was considered the head of the Western Lushai chiefs after his father, [[Suakpuilala]] plotted to revolt against the British.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=190}}

[[Kalkhama]] became antagonistic to the British as the older brother of [[Lianphunga]]. The burning of Liangphunga's villages and the establishments of outposts in the Lushai Hills made him resist British annexation.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=107}} Kalkhama using his influence got another chief, Thansuma, with a war party to ambush Browne during his travels between Fort Aijal and Changsil. On 9 September 1890, Browne was accompanied by a small party of four police sepoys from Fort Aijal to his post in Changsil. In the ambush, three of his men were killed, and Browne was stabbed in the arm with 3 severe wounds and excessive bleeding.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=16}} Browne was mortally wounded and died 15 minutes later after being brought to the post.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=95}}{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=58-59}} Thanruma had, under a friendly pretence met with Browne and informed his accomplices of his whereabouts.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=59}} Thansuma, a subordinate chief to Kalkhama, (not Thanruma, his brother) was chiefly responsible in the ambush and murder of Captain Browne. Thansuma had arranged for 300 Lushai warriors to surround Browne's small party. Only one man was able to escape the ambush and to Silchar and inform of the events concerning Captain Browne.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1995|p=165}}

===Attack on Fort Aijal and Changsil Post===
[[File:Fort Aijal 1889.jpg|thumb|Fort Aijal, present-day Aizawl, in 1889.]]Kalkhama subsequently attacked Fort Aijal and overran the British stronghold.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=107}} Changsil was also besieged by the Lushais. Surgeon H.B. Melville commanded Aijal Fort, while Lieutenant Harry W.G Cole commanded Changsil Post.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=16}} Melville recorded at 9am a sepoy and four coolies arriving at the fort and informing of shots being fired at their party from Thanruma's village. The survivors reported the deaths of many sepoys and coolies. The coolies had lost all these blanets and clothing. Melville made a rapid heliograph of the news to Lieutenant Cole at Changsil. Cole replied of an attack on the outpost and questioning Browne's status. Melville would repeat his lack of knowledge on Browne before Lieutenant Cole would report Browne brought to Changsil heavily wounded. Browne had been escorted and died ten minutes later. Melville immediately ordered Browne's bungalow to be evacuated with the coolies moving all of his belongings and furniture into Fort Aijal apart from heavy furniture. The Lushais would fire upon the Fort for a few hours before the coolies could properly move the heavy furniture into Fort Aijal as well with the guards withdrawn from the bungalow.{{sfn|National Archives of India}} Harry Cole was the commandant of the Surma Valley Military Police Battalion, which had 170 military police personnel with him.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} At Fort Aijal, the British were in the process of building a second stockade before being ambushed without prior warning. The party was driven out into the main stockade, which was surrounded by the Lushais, who attacked for several hours. The bodies of the Lushais revealed that the whole countryside was in revolt.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=95}} The first night of the rising saw firing of volleys at the fort all night long which Melville estimated at most 200-300 Lushais. The bungalow was fired the night and completely burned down with ambiguous causaltis of the Lushai.{{sfn|National Archives of India}} British reports commented that it was not only [[Khalkam]] and Thanruma opposing violently but the whole of the Western Lushai Hills. Heavy downpour had stifled communication between the British and made the terrain difficult to navigate.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=96}}

The Changsil Outpost was besieged on 10 September 1890. This battle involved the famous [[Pasalṭha]], [[Khuangchera]] and his friend. During the siege, the soldiers shot and killed Khuangchera's companion. According to Mizo custom, the dead body of a friend isn't left behind or forsaken on the battlefield, and according to the Pasalṭha code, Khuangchera attempted to carry his friend's body. However, the soldiers at Changsil Fort fired at Khuangchera, leading to his death.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=40}}

The following day, on 10 September, Fort Aijal's smaller fort was further fortified. Additional ammunition was brought to the fort, with men digging, firing pits, and patrolling their posts. Reports made by the senior jemadar reported the firing throughout the night expended 1500 rounds of ammunition with 30000 remaining. The same day, a missing sepoy arrived at the small fort without weapons or ammunition, which he had hidden in the jungle and escaped from the Lushais along with two coolies. The coolies in Fort Aijal were assigned to cut down the jungle around the fort. Melville records the small fort as only maintaining 34 sepoys, one havildar and one jemadar. The larger fort maintained 108 sepoys, including non-commissioned officers and three native offices. Along with 25 total coolies across both, a total of 151 people were locked down. Based on the warehouse reports, rations within Fort Aijal were specified to last for at least two months. Medical supplies also became scarce as [[quinine]] became reserved for the sepoys, with all other cases of fever to be treated with arsenic. Most men, including those within the fort hospital, were willing to fight throughout the night, while the sickest of the sepoys were made to remain within. Melville further ordered lenient rations of wine, tinned milk, and meat extract for the sick sepoys. The following morning the coolies cut more jungle and assembled logs lying outside to strengthen the structure of the stockades and make the fortifications bulletproof.{{sfn|National Archives of India}}

Melville continued to water the fort and maintain the defence responsibilities. Communications with Lieutenant Cole defending Changsil became obscured via heliograph after bad weather blocked the sun. Afterwards Cole heliographed that there was no response from the Sairang guards being requested for backup, and it was assumed they had been killed or overran. Melville subsequently placed the coolies into the fort hospital and moved the sick into the dispensary for better recovery. Concerns were raised over the supply of lime juice, vegetables, and fresh meat and whether the government would supply them. The threat of dysentery and scurvy was a concern. Melville utilised Brown's tins of cocoa and milk after wet and cold nights in the stockades to maintain morale among the sepoys and officers.{{sfn|National Archives of India}}

On 13 September, Melville reported heavy assaults by Lushai warriors in two waves. The first wave occurred from 9-11 am, with the second from 2- 3:30 am. No casualties were reported as the bullets were fired higher than the posts on the fort. Signal fires were burned in the surrounding villages which threatened a fire emergency at the fort. Melville remarked on the luck of the wind direction and ordered the fort to be unroofed and all straw mat walls to be taken down. The same order was carried out for the cook houses and the hen houses, which were dismantled. The following day, communications with Cole revealed the Sairang guard and Browne's party of sepoys to be safe.{{sfn|National Archives of India}}

On 16 September, firing was heard at 9:30 am. Ten sepoys were assigned to fight back, and after two volleys, the Lushais scattered once more. Lieutenant Cole, via heliograph, assured that a party of 200 sepoys would arrive to relieve Fort Aijal and questioned how much ammunition was remaining. The subedar reported that 6000 cartridges had been expended, which was used as a reply. Sailenpui's village would be deserted via an observation made by Melville on 17 September, prompting the British to assume whether he had joined Khalkam and the rising or mainly just travelled to harvest their jhums.{{sfn|National Archives of India}}

On 21 September, Lieutenant Cole heligraphed their travel to be only a few days away. Melville would relay the state of the fort and the remaining amount of rations fit for only a week and only consisting of lentil and ghee. Singal fires observed in Thanruma, Sailenpui, Lalluia, Lalrima and Lalbura's villages were also relayed after observation. However reveleations by the warehouse manager revealed the remaining lentils were defective and caused dysentery. This prompted Melville to inspect the food stock himself to properly inform Cole of the issue of rations.{{sfn|National Archives of India}}

The officials in Cachar sent two despatchments to relieve Fort Aijal and Changsil.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=96}} The relief force sonsited of 200 men from the Surma Valley Military Police from Silchar led by A.C Tytler and Lieutenant R.R Swinton of the 44th Benagl Infantry. Mr A.W. Shuttleworth, the assistant superintendent of Police also accompanied the force.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} One of the detachments was attacked en-route while navigating the river to Fort Aijal. Lieutenant Swinton was killed on 26 September while navigating the force up the river to Changsil, with many men wounded.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=107}}{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}}{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} After the relief of Changsil post, H.W.G Cole and A.C Tytler marched towards Fort Aijal with Liuetenant Watson of the 40th Bengal Infantry. They reached Fort Aijal on 4 October and relieved Dr Melville's defense.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} Surgeon Captain Melville and Lieutenant H.W.G Cole were credited for defending Aijal and Changsil by holding out for reinforcements via the Dhaleswari river.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=59}} Chief Commissioner of Assam, Quinton, commented on Melville's leadership and novelty in military affairs and handling the siege with 110 native officers and 43 individuals who suffered from the weather, food shortages and lack of warm clothing. Melville's diary stated that 5 out of 6 men had no warm clothing at all during the month long siege.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}}

===R.B. McCabe===
The death of H.R Browne had led to R.B McCabe being assigned as the new political officer of the North Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}} He had been transferred from the post of Deputy Commissioner of [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]].{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} He set out with Captain Williamson of the Commissariat and arrived in Changsil on 5 October 1890. He relieved A.W Shuttleworth, who was in command of pacification between Browne's death and McCabe's appointment.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} McCabe was nominated based on his past achievements in dealing with the [[Naga people|Naga tribes]].{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}} McCabe was responsible for capturing Lengpunga.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=108}}{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}} McCabe accompanied the Surma Valley Police Battalion to bring about the surrender and submission of the Western Lushai chiefs. The operation occurred between 16 November to 28 November 1890.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=109}} A combined movement of forces from Aijal and Changsil descended on Khalkam's capital settlement. Khalkam fled his village before the fighting began.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=18}} Khalkam's settlement was overpowered, and on 23 November, he surrendered unconditionally to McCabe.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=109}} McCabe would later write that pacification of the hills required the removal of influential chiefs. For the Western Lushai Chiefs, McCabe classified Khalkam as the most influential. His eldest brothers, Lengpunga, Sailenpui, Thanruma and Thangula, were classified as responsible agents. The brothers of Khalkam, such as Lengkhunga, Rankupa, Lalhrima, Lalsavuta and Lalluia, were classified as mere boys. The younger brothers, such as Tolera, Hminghthanga, Thawmpawnga, Thalien and Lenkhai, were called dependents of Suakpuilala. Sailianpuia was not punished due to his good disposition to the British. Kalkhama, Lianphunga and Thaghulha were chosen to be deported as a [[decapitation (military strategy)|decapitation operation]].{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=19-20}} During the pacification campaign R.B. McCabe oversaw the villages of Tanhril, Sentlang and Muthi burned.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=40}}

Khalkam was sent along with his brothers Lengpunga and Thangula to Hazaribagh Jail, where he and Lengpunga committed suicide. After Khalkam's arrest, fifteen more western chiefs were captured while some surrendered, like Khama, Tolera, and Liannkhunga.The rest of the Western Lushai chiefs(namely [[Suakpuilala]]'s sons), such as Lalhrima, Sailianpuia, and Thanghulha, surrendered as well.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=109}}{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}} By the end of the year all offending villages had been destroyed by McCabe. An estimated 50 Lushais were killed through the operations of McCabe's pacification campaign. Fines were implemented on offending settlements and guns were confiscated from chiefs to disarm the Lushai tribes.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}}

Investigations after the surrender of the Western Lushais implicated Liankhunga as the conspirator who led to Captain Browne's murder and Lieutenant Swinton's death. Lalhrima was implicated on account of surrendering Captain Browne's possessions and personal property.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=17}}
{{Sukpilal family tree}}

==Eastern Lushai Rising==

The Eastern Lushai Chiefs did not aid the Western Lushai Chiefs in their 1890 rising. It was in their interest to see the western chiefs defeated and weakened instead. During the rainy season, the British didn't make a lot of contact with eastern chiefs enabling them not to be taxed or levied for coolie quotas. In 1891, McCabe announced a house tax of one rupee per house. In response the Eastern Lushai chiefs made a bid for independence.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=111}} The Eastern Lushais raided Barunicherra Tea estate with 42 people being killed with 13 captives. A follow up raid at Monierkhal was also made. The political officer of the North Lushai Hills succeeded in preventing the western chiefs from joining the rising.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=60}}

McCabe recorded that two factions of the Eastern Lushai chiefs would have to be dealt with. The first faction consisted of [[Vonolel|Vanhnuailiana's]] family of [[Lalburha]], [[Pâwibâwia]], [[Buangtheuva]] and [[Liankhama]]. The only powerful chief in Vonolel's family was [[Lalburha]].{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=110}} Lalburha had refused to submit to the payment of house tax or the supply of coolies and rice. McCabe had ordered Lalburha to supply 100 coolies which he refused. As a result, McCabe decided to visit the village.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=21-22}} McCabe moved and set up camp at Lalburha's village to collect revenue and maintain a base of operations.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=110}} The eastern Lushai's were not hostile to the new house taxes with the exceptions of Lalburha, Buangtheuva and Pâwibâwia.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=111}}{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=21}} The second faction would be the descendants of [[Vûta]].{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=110}} Lalburha had called a meeting of Lalvunga, Pâwibâwia, Liankhama, Buangtheuva, Lalhruma, [[Vanphunga]], Poiboi's mother at Sesawng to plan the rising.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=40}}

The British garrison forcibly entered and occupied Lalburha's village. The Lushais burnt down their houses with the intention of trapping the British into a hilly ravine. The British maintained their volleys and scattered the Lushai attackers. McCabe sent a heliographic message to [[Granville Henry Loch|G.H. Loch]] at Fort Aijal to inform western chiefs not to shelter the eastern chiefs. The operations against Lalburha continued from 3–17 March 1892. The Lushais would also ambush the logistics and transports of supplies to the British.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=102}} Forces from Pâwibâwia, Liankhama and Buangtheuva aided Lalburha in his siege of McCabes position between 1 March and 10 April 1892. On 4 April, Lalburha and Pâwibâwia raided the Boruncherra tea estate in [[Hailakandi]] to divert the British forces in vain. The raid saw 45 individuals killed and 13 captured.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=22}} Due to the nature of guerilla warfare the British found too difficult to locate the attackers head on.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=111}} McCabe was reinforced from the 18th Bengal Infantry from Aijal.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=102}} Lalburha's stronghold in the East would be sacked as retribution for the assaults.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=60}} Before the end of May, Lalburha became a fugitive, and the resistance of Lalburha's family began to cease.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=23}} Lalburha would eventually surrender in 1896 after being a fugitive since 1892. This is due to the punitive expedition against [[Kairûma]] in 1895.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=24}}

McCabe began a practice of burning down villages and specifically targeting grain storages to force the Lushais to cooperate.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=112}} Before attacking Pâwibâwia in 1892, McCabe wrote:{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=59-60}}

{{blockquote
|text=I cannot reiterate too strongly how firmly I am convinced that burning a Lushai village and withdrawing is no punishment. We must hunt the enemy down from camp to camp and jhum to jhum, destroy his crops and granaries and force them by want and privation to accede to our terms. We cannot expect the chance of a fair stand-up fight and in Jungle warfare of the type met with in these hills, we must anticipate that one's losses in actual fighting will exceed those of the enemy. Exposure and starvation are our strongest allies and with their assistance I believe that the Lushais will very shortly be craving for peace.
|source=Note from R.B McCabe
|author=R.B McCabe
}}

Military aid was approved in putting down the Eastern Lushai Rising. The 18th Bengal Infantry, under Lieutenant Colonel R.H.F. Rennick, brought a force of 300 to Fort Aijal. The force relived the military police in handling operations in the area. A 14 mile road was built from Aijal to Sonai to maintain communication with the headquarters. Rennick's force maintained logistics and supply to McCabe's operations in the Eastern Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=22}}

In Mid-April, McCabe and Loch with 400 military police personnel moved against the villages of [[Kairûma]] and [[Pâwibâwia]]. On the other hand, Shakespear with 200 men advanced north.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=103}} Poiboi's village was stormed at a climb of over 2,00 feet. The village consisted of 722 houses. As a result, McCabe captured Pâwibâwia on 14 April.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=22}} On 10 May, a column under May Captain Rose joined with Shakespear in skirmishes at Daokoma's villages.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=103}} The Eastern Lushais after becoming desperate attempted to request help from the western chiefs who were historical enemies with them. Vuta's son, [[Kairûma]] sent his ''upa'' to [[Sailianpuia]]. Sailianpuia refused due to the examples made of resisting chiefs like his brothers [[Kalkhama]] and [[Lianphunga]].{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=112}} On 7 May, Buangtheuva was captured.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=22}} McCabe continued his pacification campaign and captured Buangtheuva, Lalhruya, Tankama, [[Vanphunga]], and Pâeibâwi's mother. The campaign lasted from 10 April to 8 June 1892. As a result the Eastern Lushais agreed to pay the house tax and to supply coolie labour to the British.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=112}}
{{Vonolel Family tree}}

==Southern Lushai revolt==
C.S Murray, the first political officer of the Southern Lushai Hills were to pacify the tribes and to implement the policies of house tax and coolie quotas. Murray's conduct with a chief known as [[Zakapa]] was recorded as the beginning of the Southern Lushai revolt.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}}{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=60}} Resistances were also made by chieftesses such as [[Ropuiliani]]. There was little to no fighting in the South Luahsi Hills and Johgn Shakespear with Lt. Townsey had been reinforcing the British troops in the north against the western and eastern risings.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=41}}

===Zakapa's Revolt===
The British originally recorded that Murray demanded coolies from [[Zakapa]], who was originally friendly to Murray. Zakapa had agreed to supply the labourers to Murray without any issues. Zakapa's subordinate chief, Daokopa, provided 59 labourers for the coolie service.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=113}} On the third day of Murray's meeting with Zakapa, a disagreement escalated into violence.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}} Proceedings of the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal ascribe more than a coolie issue for the cause of an outbreak. Murray had requested two girls from Zakapa as sexual companions for himself and Mr Taylor. Murray attempted to explain his intentions by threatening to Zakapa that failure to do so would see his wife and the wives of other chiefs be taken from them to fulfil this demand. Zakapa, in the belief of his threat, acted for the security of his wife.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=113}}
[[File:Plate 25 Folk-Lore, vol. 20.jpg|thumb|[[Zakapa]], a Fanai chief.]]
The day after Murray's immoral request, both Lalthuama and Zakapa refused to meet with Murray. Murray and Taylor subsequently trespassed and entered a conference between Lalthuama and Zakapa in their [[zawlbûk]]. Murray ordered the other chiefs to leave, and Zakapa obliged despite having the power to attack Murray. Murray and Zakapa held a solitary conversation afterwards.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=114}} After the conversation, Murray went to the rice stock of the village and set it on fire. This action aggravated the Lushais, who began to attack him. Murray's guards were killed due to being surrounded on all sides by Lushai gunmen shooting at them. Taylor was severely wounded in the attack while Murray escaped. Being vastly outnumbered, Murray opted to escape through a hilly stream, leaving behind his men, ammunition, money and supplies.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=115}} Subadar Sangram Singh and Havildar Chandra Sing Thapa of the Chittagong F.P distinguished themselves in the skirmish with Subedar losing an arm. As a result both were rewarded the Indian Order of Merit.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=97}}
[[File:Zakapa captured by Shakespear.jpg|thumb|[[Zakapa]] on the day he was captured by John Shakespear.]]
Captain Hutchinson made an advance on the failure of Murray to pacify the settlement of Zakapa.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=96}} A meeting was also intended between the political officers on 22 February 1892. On 25 February, McCabe sent a letter for Murray stating his position. Murray turned down the meeting and hence affected the administrations faith in him as a political officer. Hutchinson's attack on Zakapa's village failed to capture Zakapa.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=60}} However, success was made in capturing allied chiefs of Zakapa such as Lalchuma, Dokopa, Kapchunga and Leinkhama who were arrested but liberally treated.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=115}} Zakapa would be captured years later by [[John Shakespear (British Army officer)|John Shakespear]].{{sfn|Jackson|2023}}

On 16 March 1892 when C.S. Murray was removed as political officer, the chiefs led a coordinate revolt. While Shakespear and Townsey were at Lungrang and Zote the Lushais attacked them and began a skirmish at Leite as well. Shakespear and his followered had to improve a camp and fortify themselves at Chhipphir. All the southern chiefs except [[Vandula]] surrounded Shakespear and were closing in on the force until relief from Burma reinforced Shakespear.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=41}}

===Ropuiliani's Resistance===
Another chief resisting the British was [[Ropuiliani]]. Ropuiliani was the mother of [[Lalthuama]] and the wife of the late Chief [[Vandula]] and daughter of the famous [[Vonolel]]. Ropuiliani had seen the impact of the British expedition on his relatives. Many of her sons and brothers died resisting the British. The suppression of the [[Chin-Lushai Expedition]] saw the Vandula's descendants become destitute. All of the leaders of settlements were widows with the exception of the two settlements of Aitur and Malthuna. Ropuiliani's influence spread to her son lalthuama who withheld cooperation with the British. Lalthuama withheld tributes and labour quotas.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1985|p=121}} Ropuiliani ruled the village of Ralvawng. She had considerable influence on her youngest son Lalthuama who she encouraged to resist the British. An interpreter named Satinkhara who came to demand coolies and chickens for the British was insulted by Ropuiliani. She considered him loathsome as a freed [[Bawi system|bawi]]. Her complaints requested someone to kill the interpreter, which led to a Pasalṭha named Hnawncheuva shooting and killing Satinkhara on his next visit to Ralvawng. Ropuiliani did not pay any taxes that the British had made policies of for the Lushai Hills. She declared her land and subjects not to be obligated to pay or serve anyone else and to chase out the aliens from their settlement.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=41}}

Captain Shaekespare and 80 men were deployed in August 1893 at Ropuiliani and Lalthuama's villages. A fine of 30 guns, 1 gayal, 10 pigs, 10 goats, 20 chickens and 100 maunds of rice were demanded to be brought to the Mat river to the column. Ropuiliani and Lalthuama did not comply.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=42}}

Ropuiliani had been cooperating with Daokoma in a conspiracy to attack the British along with some other northern chiefs. Reports of coolies cut up also encouraged a British response. In March 1894, Captain Shakespear, Pugh and Hutchinson arrived at Ropuiliani's village in secret. They attacked the villages suddenly and swiftly. This led to the capture of both Ropuiliani and her son Lalthuama. Daokoma, who conspired with Ropuiliani, had left the village a day before the party arrived to arrange another uprising. Ropuiliani and Lalthuama were deported and their villages were fined.{{sfn|Shakespear|1929|p=104}}{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=42}} Ropuiliani and Lalthuama were incarcerated in Chittagong jail and leniently treated before Ropuiliani died in prison on 3 January 1895.

===Vansanga's resistance===

After the death of Ropuiliani in prison, Shakespear was besieged in an outpost he occupied at Chhiphir, a village he had captured from Vansanga. Captain Shakespeare was able to hold off with the loyalty and friendship of Chief Lalluauva. While Shakespear was besieged, Vansanga's mother the chieftainess of Zote, laid a trap for Shakespear by inviting him to visit her claiming to wish to be on friendlier terms. Shakespeare's interpreter, Dâra, warned Shakespear to not trust her as the chance of deceit is high. The force set out with Shakespear and were ambushed but managed to overpower the attackers and captured the settlement of Zote. Bugler Doluta saved Captain Shakespear's life by shooting a hidden musketman inside the Chief's house.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=61}}
[[File:Pu Dara, interpretor and assistant to J. Shakespear.jpg|thumb|Pu [[Dâra]], interpreter and friend of [[John Shakespear (British Army officer)]] at 90.]]
Shakespeare continued further where he met an older Lushai woman escaping the village of Lungrang. Lungrang had been collecting Lushais to amass an attack on Shakespear. At Lungrang village, the Lushai army had positioned itself at the top of a precipice above Shakespeare and his party. Dâra warned Shakespear to not force the attack.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=61}} The Lushais continued to threaten Shakespear after he shot some rounds into the sky. Shakespeare's engineers found another approach to the rock heights to the rear while the attention was placed on the front facing section. 30 men attacked the Lushais from the rear which scattered the warriors and allowed occupation of the village. Dâra later suggested that the party capture Vansanga, the area's biggest and most elusive chief.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=62}}

Shakespear and his party arrived at Vansanga's settlement Cheribawk after investigating villages for information. The party staged a nighttime ambush and captured Vansanga, who was drunk and asleep. Vansanga was bound and jailed in Fort Lungleh before being released in bad health. Vansanga later died in his village.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=62}}

==Kairuma's Punitive Expedition==
By the end of 1892, the West, East and South Lushai Hills had been effectively dealt with. Combined resistance was rendered unlikely with the responses of the British officers. Kairuma was the exception of a chief who remained unbeaten. A.N Davis feared Kairuma, who was the unpunished chief throughout the Chin-Lushai Expedition and the Lushai Rising.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=63}}

In 1895, Kairuma refused to supply coolie labour and refused to pay the fine for failing to do so. As a result, forces from Aizawl and Burma coordinated an attack on Kairuma the same day.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=64}} G.H Loch with Lieutenant Wilson of the 44th Gurkha Rifles and Lieutenant Clay of the 43rd Gurkha rifles and 300 North Lushai military police worked with Shakespear's column. There was no resistance.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=23}} Kairuma's village was burned down with his [[gayal]], and animals seized. Kairuma surrendered by giving up his guns and paying all his fines.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=64}}

==End of the Rising==
Superintendent of the North Lushai Hills, A Porteus, commented that the long series of Lushai expeditions had ended, and no further operations on the scale of subjugating the chiefs would be necessary again in May 1896.{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=25}} On Porteus' report on the history of 1896-1897, he comments that:{{sfn|Reid|1942|p=26}}

{{blockquote
|text=I leave the district with practically all the Chiefs reconciled to Government, and with, I believe, not the least likelihood of any future distrubance of the peace.... Lalbura received me in his village in March like any other chief, while Kairuma met me outside his village, no sepoys, however, being present.
|source=Report on the History of 1896-1897
|author=A. Porteus
}}

Kairuma's defiance was considered the last form of resistance to British rule as the Lushai Hills began to become influenced by their new conditions such as missionaries, written language, schools, etc.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=64}}

==See also==
*[[Chin Rising]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |date=1985 |title=British rule in Mizoram |location=New Delhi |publisher=Mittal Publications}}
* {{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Subhas |date=1995 |title=Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YON9iVgsDRUC&dq=mizo+chief&pg=PP17 |location=New Delhi |publisher=M D Publications PVT LTD |isbn=81-85880-72-7}}
* {{cite web |last1=National Archives of India |title=Rising in Lushai Land- Excellent service uncleared by Surgeon H.B. Melville |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/archives/rising-lushai-land-excellent-service-un-cleared-surgeon-hb-melville |website=Indian Ministry of Culture |publisher=Ministry of Culture |access-date=27 January 2025}}
* {{cite book |last1=Lalthangliana |first1=B. |title=Culture and Folklore of Mizoram |date=2005 |publisher=Publicans Division, Ministry of information and broadcasting |location=India |url=https://archive.org/details/culturefolkloreo00lalt/page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=12 February 2025}}
* {{cite book|last=McCall|first=Anthony Gilchrist|title=Lushai Chrysalis|year=1949|publisher=Luzac|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16549/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |last=Reid |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Reid (civil servant)|date=1942 |title=The Lushai Hills: culled from History of the frontier areas bordering on Assam from 1883-1941 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16551/page/n5/mode/2up |location=Calcutta |publisher=Firma KLM}}
* {{cite book |last=Shakespear |first=L.W |date=1929 |title=History of the Assam Rifles|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2395/page/n1/mode/2up |location=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co, Limited}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Kyle |title=The Mizo Discovery of the British Raj |date=2023 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Vancouver |doi=10.1017/9781009267359 |isbn=978-1-009-26735-9 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009267359 |access-date=14 March 2025}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:1890 in India]]
[[Category:1891 in India]]
[[Category:1892 in India]]
[[Category:1895 in India]]
[[Category:1880s in British India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1890]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1891]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1892]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1895]]
[[Category:Punitive expeditions in the Lushai Hills]]

C. K. Jaffer Sharief

2026-03-28T04:02:57Z

MeredithRodrigue: corrected content as per guidelines and corrected details per standard format

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. K. Jaffer Sharief
| image = Veteran Leader Ck jaffer Sharief on a Hartal (cropped).JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Shri CK Jaffer Sharief on strike to save Amanth Bank in Bangalore
| office = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]
| term_start = 21 June 1991
| term_end = 16 October 1995
| prime_minister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| predecessor = [[Janeshwar Mishra]]
| successor = [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency2 = [[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]], [[Karnataka]]
| term_start1 = 1977
| term_end1 = 1996
| predecessor1 = [[K. Hanumanthaiah]]
| successor1 = [[C. Narayanaswamy]]
| term_start2 = 1998
| term_end2 = 2004
| predecessor2 = [[C. Narayanaswamy]]
| successor2 = [[H. T. Sangliana]]
| constituency3 = [[Kanakapura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanakapura]], [[Karnataka]]
| term_start3 = 1971
| term_end3 = 1977
| predecessor3 = [[M. V. Rajasekharan]]
| successor3 = [[M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy]]
| office4 = [[Minister of State]], [[Minister of Railways (India)|Railways]]<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820131-karnataka-cm-gundu-rao-makes-a-comeback-with-a-vengeance-771481-2013-10-21 Karnataka CM Gundu Rao makes a comeback with a vengeance</ref>
| term_start4 = 1980
| term_end4 = 1984
| prime_minister4 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =

| birth_name = Challakere Kareem Jaffer Sharief
| birth_date = {{birth date|1933|11|3|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|11|25|1933|11|3}}

| birth_place = [[Challakere]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] {{small|(present-day [[Karnataka]], India)}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Amina Beevi
| children = 4
}}
'''Challakere Kareem Jaffer Sharief''' (3 November 1933 – 25 November 2018) was an Indian politician. He was one of the senior most [[Indian National Congress]] leaders. He was the Railways Minister of the [[Government of India]] from 1991 until 1995.<ref name="Leaders' meeting in Hassan">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/22/stories/2007092259480300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604113358/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/22/stories/2007092259480300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=Leaders' meeting in Hassan|date=22 September 2007|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Jaffer Sharief started his career in the Indian National Congress under [[Nijalingappa]]. After a split in the Congress, he took the side of [[Indira Gandhi]].

Sharief's period in [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] is considered as a golden period for [[Karnataka]] and unigauge system in country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhu |first=Nagesh |date=2018-11-25 |title=Jaffer Sharief - the railway man of Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/jaffer-sharief-the-railway-man-of-karnataka/article25592559.ece |access-date=2025-09-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He helped to address development deficiencies in Karnataka due to decades of neglect under [[Southern Railway zone]] and [[South Central Railway zone]].

In 1980's as Railways minister for state, he was instrumental in [[gauge conversion]] of railways in the state, nearly 1000 kms of various gauges of tracks were converted to broad gauge in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-25 |title=Jaffer Sharief: ‘Uni-gauge’ man who revolutionised railways |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/jaffer-sharief-uni-gauge-man-who-revolutionised-railways-in-karnataka/articleshow/66797738.cms |access-date=2025-09-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He played a crucial role in setting up of [[Konkan Railway Corporation]], [[Bangalore railway division]], [[Railway Recruitment Control Board|RRB Bengaluru]], Inland Container Depot Whitefield etc. He was also instrumental in getting the [[Rail Wheel Factory|Wheel and Axle Plant]] in Bangalore.<ref name="CKJS">{{cite web|last=Aiyappa|first=Manu|date=25 November 2018|title=Former Railway minister CK Jaffer Sheriff dead|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/former-railway-minister-c-k-jaffer-sheriff-dead/articleshow/66793972.cms|access-date=25 November 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaffer Sharief, the man behind Railways golden era |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/jaffer-sharief-man-behind-704965.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

In 2012, Sharief was cleared by the Supreme Court of charges relating to expenditure on a trip to London for medical treatment. Sharief had taken several ministry officials with him, which the court found was not inappropriate.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ex-minister-jaffer-sharief-gets-clean-chit-from-supreme-court-in-1995-corruption-case-290522|title=EX-minister Jaffer Sharief gets clean chit from Supreme Court in 1995 corruption case|last=Malik|first=Surabhi|date=9 November 2012|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref> Corruption charges were leveled against him during his tenure as Railway Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tehelka.com/why-congress-cannot-claim-credit-for-the-delhi-metro/|title=Why Congress Cannot Claim Credit for the Delhi Metro…|date=15 January 2015|website=[[Tehelka]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115085837/http://tehelka.com/why-congress-cannot-claim-credit-for-the-delhi-metro/|archive-date=15 January 2015|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jaffer Sharief lost three members of his family, with his younger son in 1999, his wife in 2008 and his elder son in 2009, three days before his election to Lok Sabha.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

CK Jaffer Sharief died at the age of 85 in Bengaluru on 25 November 2018.<ref name="CKJS" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[M. V. Rajasekharan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Kanakapura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanakapura]] |years=1971 – 1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[K. Hanumanthaiah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]] |years=1977 – 1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[C. Narayanaswamy]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[C. Narayanaswamy]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]] |years=1998 – 2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[H. T. Sangliana]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Janeshwar Mishra]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]|years=21 June 1991 – 16 October 1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ram Vilas Paswan]]}}
|-
{{s-end}}

==External links==
*[http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=155&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
* [http://ckjaffersharief.com/ Official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharief, C. K. Jaffer}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Railway ministers of India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Chitradurga]]

Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang

2026-03-27T17:41:22Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started Basic Entry First Draft

{{Short description|Ethnic community}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang {{lang|ta|பினாங்கு இந்தியர்கள்}} Kaum India di Pulau Pinang Chulias
| image = [[File:British Malaya- an account of the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya; with a specially compiled map, numerous illustrations reproduced from photographs and a frontispiece in (14764446801).jpg|300px]]
| caption = A group of Tamil women in Province Wellesley (known as [[Seberang Perai]] today), [[Penang]], 1907.
| pop = '''155,492''' 8.9% [[Penang]]'s population in 2020 {{my10|2020kf}}
| total_source = census
| popplace = {{flag|Penang}}
| pop1 = [[File:Seal of George Town.svg|20px]] '''[[George Town, Penang|George Town]]''': [[Batu Ferringhi]], [[Gelugor]], [[Balik Pulau]], [[Ayer Itam]]
| ref1 = <ref name="mukimcensus">{{Cite journal |date=February 2024 |title=MyCensus 2020: Mukim/Town/Pekan |journal=[[Department of Statistics Malaysia]] |location=[[Putrajaya]] |pages=174–175 |isbn=9789672537069}}</ref>
| pop2 = [[File:Seberang Perai City Council (MBSP - Majlis Bandaraya Seberang Perai) Logo.png|20x20px]] '''[[Seberang Perai]]''': [[Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai|Kepala Batas]], [[Nibong Tebal]], [[Perai]], [[Simpang Ampat, Seberang Perai|Simpang Ampat]]
| ref2 = <ref name="mukimcensus" />
| langs = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ([[Malaysian Tamil]]) majority/dominant, [[Penang Hokkien]] (secondary lingua franca or interlanguage with the [[Penangite Chinese]] community),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/features/article/saving-the-penang-hokkien-language-one-word-at-a-time|title=Saving the Penang Hokkien language, one word at a time - Malay Mail}}</ref> [[Kedah Malay|Penang Malay]] and [[Malaysian English|English]] ([[Tanglish]] and [[Manglish]]) Other Indian languages: [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| related = Other [[Malaysian Indians]], [[Chitty]], [[Chindians|Chindian]], [[Malaysian Gujaratis]], [[Tamil Malaysians|Malaysian Tamils]], [[Malaysian Malayali]]s, [[Malaysian Telugu|Telugu Malaysians]]
| rels = [[Hinduism]] (predominantly), [[Christianity]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Baháʼí Faith]], [[Jainism]]
}}

'''Penangite Indians''' ({{langx|ta|பினாங்கு இந்தியர்கள்}}; {{langx|ms|Kaum India di Pulau Pinang}}), also known as '''Chulias''', are [[Malaysian Indians]] that live primarily in the state of [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]. Most are the descendants from those who migrated from India during the [[British Malaya|British colonisation of Malaya]]. However, historical sources prove that the ancient Indians arrived in Penang during the [[Chola dynasty]]. Penangite Indians forms a large percentage of the state's professional community such as business, law and medicine as well as politics, it can be proven by the appointment of [[Ramasamy Palanisamy|Dr. P. Ramasamy]] as deputy chief minister of Penang. It made him the first Malaysian of Indian origin to hold the post of deputy chief minister in any state of Malaysia.<ref name="from critic">{{Cite news
|last=Kuppusamy
|first=Baradan
|title=Dr P. Ramasamy – from critic to Penang No. 2
|newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]
|date=20 March 2008
|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/3/20/nation/20685048&sec=nation
|access-date=21 December 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604050048/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F3%2F20%2Fnation%2F20685048&sec=nation
|archive-date=4 June 2011
}}</ref> In addition, first [[Tamil primary schools in Malaysia|Tamil Vernacular School]] in Malaysia was established in Penang.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mynadi.wordpress.com/tamil-schools/|title=Tamil Schools ||website=Mynadi.wordpress.com|date=24 July 2009|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aliran.com/archives/monthly/2002/5f.html|title=Tamil Schools: The Cinderella of Malaysian Education|website=Aliran.com|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Feilberg Klings Penang 1867.jpg|thumb|left|A photo of Rev. Habb preaching to the Indians in [[Penang]], taken by [[Kristen Feilberg]] and exhibited in the 1867 Paris Exhibition.]]
{{Main article|Malaysian Indians}}
Already in the 1790s, [[Francis Light]] mentions Chulias (that is, people from the [[Coromandel Coast]] of India) as shopkeepers and farm labourers in Penang. Light estimated that about two thousand men came to work in this manner each year. however, in contrast to the Chinese, these labourers did not create a permanent settlement in Penang. They would, rather, work long enough to save money and then return to their families in [[south India]]. This group of migrants comprised the ‘[[Adi Dravida|Adi Dravidas]],’ a group of impoverished labourers originating in the hinterlands of the [[Tamil Nadu|Tamil country]] and Andhra Desa who, facing insufficient work in their homeland, went abroad for survival.

The [[Malabars]], also known as Malabaris, who were predominantly Muslims were brought in to Penang as convict labourers. They were known to build the roads and government buildings in Penang. The migration of the Malabaris to Penang led to the existence of places such as Kampung Kaka and Kampung Malabar in Penang.

Another class of Indian migrants was a class of people hailing from the [[Kaveri River|Kaveri delta]] areas (from the [[Sivaganga district]] of Madras) known as ‘[[Nagarathar|Nattukottai Chettiars]]’ who were by occupation money-lenders. Their presence in Penang and elsewhere where plantations sprang up aided merchants, miners, and planters, as these Chettiars were advancing required working capital in the absence of any effective banks. Light also encouraged migration by the Chettiar community as part of his plan to create a cash economy on Penang.

Unlike the Tamil migrants, Telugu migrants from the northern [[Coromandel Coast]] came to Penang as families. For this reason, many did not leave when their work terms expired, but rather continued working on plantations or as merchants. Over 1,500,000 south Indians who worked in Malayan plantations, more than three-fourths returned to India, nearly all of them Tamil. Later migrants include [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]] (mostly Jains with Muslims and Parsees, with pockets of Hindus), [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] (mostly Sikh with significant Hindu minorities), [[Malayalam people|Malayalees]], [[Bengali Hindus|Bengalis]], [[Sindhi Hindus|Sindhis]] as well as [[Marwaris]] and [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora|Ceylonese Tamils]].

As a result of the occupation of Malaysia, the Japanese killed about 150,000+ Indian Tamils of Malaysia and Burma in Burma within a period of time after arriving for [[slave labour]] work of constructing the [[Burma Railway|Myanmar rail]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The real Kwai killed over 1.50 lakh Tamils|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-real-Kwai-killed-over-1.50-lakh-Tamils/article14593113.ece|work=The Hindu|date=27 August 2016|access-date=30 January 2017}} Retrieved 30 January 2017</ref>

Beginning with Light, Penang boasted a tradition of religious and ethnic tolerance. All races could practice their respective religious faith and social stability in a multi-racial society was thus achieved.

==Language==
{{Main article|Tamil language|Malaysian Tamil|Tanglish}}
The main language spoken by Indians in Penang is [[Malaysian Tamil]] dialect of [[Tamil language]] in addition to the country's official and national language [[Malaysian language|Malaysian]] ([[English language|English]] is also widely spoken and understood). Besides Tamil, [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] as well as [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are also spoken by small ethnic [[Telugu people|Telugu]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Malayali|Malayalam]] and [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] communities of Indians. Ethnic [[Jawi Peranakan]], a Muslim creole ethnic group of mixed Indian, Malay and Arab ancestry with predominantly Indian origin mostly use Malay as their first language in addition to English. Another distinct group of Indian Muslims known as ''Mamak'' use the [[Kedah Malay|Penang Malay]] (''Pelat Utara'') variant as their first and daily language. Historically, [[Penang Hokkien]] was referred to as a lingua franca of Penang before the rise in the use of Mandarin and English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/penang-hokkien-will-be-dead-in-40-years-if-people-stop-using-it-says-langua|title=Penang Hokkien will be 'dead' in 40 years if people stop using it, says language expert - Malay Mail|date=28 September 2022 }}</ref> Penang Hokkien is still used by some members of the Penangite Indian community, particularly street vendors especially when communicating to their fellow [[Penangite Chinese]] compatriots as a bazaar lingua franca.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2017/12/08/penang-hokkien-can-survive/|title=Penang Hokkien can survive - Letters - The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my |date=8 December 2017 }}</ref>

==Enclave==
{{multiple image
| footer =
| align = right
| image1 = The Indian Community's Arch at the junction of Chulia & Pitt Streets, Penang in 1937.jpg
| width1 = 220
| caption1 = The Indian Community's Arch at the junction of Chulia & Pitt Streets during the night (right), [[Penang]], 1937.
| image2 = The Indian Community's Arch at the junction of Beach and Chulia Streets, Penang in 1937.jpg
| width2 = 220
| caption2 = The Indian Community's Arch at junction of Beach and Chulia Streets during the day (left), [[Penang]], 1937.
}}
{{Main article|Little India, Penang|Kampung Buah Pala}}
[[Little India, Penang|Little India]] in the city of George Town is a well-known Indian enclave in Malaysia. It Covers an area around Lebuh Queen, Lebuh Chulia and [[Market Street, Georgetown|Market Street]]. Its location at the centre of Penang Heritage Zone and nearby Penang's main finance centre, Beach Street makes it one of the most famous and notable shopping spot in Penang among local and international tourists.

==Culture==
[[File:The Indian Stick Display at Balik Pulau, Penang in 1937.jpg|thumb|right|A display of [[Silambam]], the Indian stick fighting (top left), a demonstration by "Tiger" Man (top right) and Indian procession (bottom left and right) in [[Balik Pulau]], [[Penang]], 1937.]]

The Indian community in Penang has made significant cultural contributions, especially in the areas of cuisine, festivals, and religious practices. Penang is known for its diverse food culture, and Indian dishes, particularly those of Tamil and Malayalee origin, are widely enjoyed. Festivals like [[Deepavali]], [[Thaipusam]], and [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] are celebrated with enthusiasm, contributing to the multicultural tapestry of Penang.
===Cuisine===
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}
{{Main article|Malaysian Indian cuisine|Penang cuisine}}
Indian cuisine in Penang is a phenomenon in Malaysian cuisine.Dishes like [[Nasi Kandar]] and [[Roti Canai]] are not only the most popular dishes in Penang, but throughout Malaysia.Penang, Malaysia, is renowned for its diverse and flavorful culinary scene, and the Indian food in Penang is no exception. Influenced by the rich heritage of the Indian community, particularly from Tamil Nadu (mainly [[Chettinad cuisine]]) and other regions of the Indian subcontinent, Penang's Indian cuisine offers a delightful array of dishes. Here are some key elements of Penang's Indian food:
* '''Roti Canai'''- A popular Malaysian-Indian dish, [[Roti Canai]], has become a staple in Penang. This flatbread is typically served with various curries, such as chicken curry, fish curry, or dhal. The roti is skillfully flipped and stretched, creating a thin, flaky texture that pairs well with the flavorful curries.
* '''Nasi Kandar''': [[Nasi Kandar]] is a signature Penang dish that originated from the [[Indian-Muslim]] community. It consists of steamed rice accompanied by an assortment of curries, meats, and vegetables. The dish is often served with sides like fried chicken, fish, or beef, and it allows diners to customize their meal with a variety of flavorful curries.
*'''Banana Leaf Rice''': This South Indian-inspired dish is a popular choice in Penang. Traditionally served on a [[banana leaf]], it includes steamed rice, an assortment of vegetable dishes, [[South Asian pickles|pickles]], and various curries. Diners often enjoy the tactile experience of eating with their hands, and the combination of flavors is a true delight.
*'''Satti Sorru''' - [[Satti Sorru]] also known as Indian claypot rice
* '''Thosai (Dosa) and Idli''':[[Thosai]], or dosa, is a fermented crepe made from rice and urad dal, typically served with coconut chutney and sambar (a lentil-based vegetable stew). [[Idli]], steamed rice cakes, is another South Indian favorite. Both dishes are commonly found in Penang's Indian eateries.
*''' Murtabak''':[[Murtabak]] is a stuffed flatbread that is often filled with a mixture of minced meat, onions, and spices. It's a flavorful and hearty dish that has become a beloved part of Penang's Indian food scene. Murtabak is commonly served with a side of curry sauce.
*'''Biryani''': Indian biryani, a fragrant and flavorful rice dish cooked with aromatic spices and meat (usually chicken or mutton), is a culinary gem in Penang. The biryani is often accompanied by raita (yogurt with herbs and spices) and a side salad.
* '''Indian Sweets''':No Indian culinary experience is complete without sampling some traditional sweets. In Penang, Indian sweet shops offer a variety of treats, including [[gulab jamun]], [[jalebi]], and [[barfi]]. These sweets are often enjoyed during festivals and celebrations.
* '''Masala Tea''': To complement the savory dishes, Indian tea, or [[masala chai]], is a popular beverage choice in Penang. This spiced tea, brewed with aromatic spices such as cardamom and cinnamon, is a comforting and flavorful way to end a meal.

===Festival===
[[File:The Indian procession at Balik Pulau, Penang in 1937.jpg|thumb|right|An Indian procession at [[Balik Pulau]], [[Penang]] (top left), 1937.]]
{{Main article|Thaipusam}}
One of the biggest festivals in Penang is a Hindu religious festival called [[Thaipusam]]. Thaipusam is dedicated to the lord [[Murugan]]. [[Deepavali]], better known as the 'Festival of Lights', is another major Hindu festival celebrated by all Hindus. Tamils celebrate the harvest festival of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], which is usually held 13 to 16 January. Similar celebrations, known as Makar Sankranti is celebrated by most other Indian communities and Punjabis called them as Lohri. While Indian Christians celebrate Christmas Day and Good Friday. Indian Muslims, Jawi Peranakans and Mamaks celebrates [[Eid Al Fitr]] and [[Eid Al Adha]] along with the country's other Muslim groups like their ethnic [[Malaysian Malays|Malay]] counterparts.

====Thaipusam====
{{Main article|Thaipusam}}

====Theppa Thiruvizha====
Theppa Thiruvizha or floating chariot festival is considered as one of the most important festival in Penang after Thaipusam. The annual festival is hosted by Sri Singamuga Kaliamman Temple at [[Teluk Bahang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/02/25/keeping-hopes-adrift-devotees-send-out-prayers-via-candlelit-floats/|title=Keeping hopes adrift - Metro News - The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/02/17/sea-off-teluk-bahang-lights-up-during-temple-festival/|title=Sea off Teluk Bahang lights up during temple festival - Nation - The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my |date=17 February 2014 }}</ref>

A celebration to thank the goddess, [[Kali|Sri Singamuga Kaliamman]], for her good grace and to beseech her to continue providing devotees with protection and prosperity, Theppa Thiruvizha only takes place during Masi Magam, the 11th month1 in the Tamil calendar. It is a day when temple idols are taken out for a ceremonial bath. Thousands travel from all over Malaysia to take part in the festivities.

The day begins with morning prayers; the devotees who attend bring milk as an offering to the goddess. In the afternoon, the floating chariot is carefully pushed into the sea by temple president Sadha Sivam, the youth club members and other temple members. Later, after evening prayers, the idol of the goddess is carried to the chariot

===Literature===
The first known Tamil magazine called Thangai Nesan was published in 1876. Two other magazines Ulaka Nesan and Hindu Nesan were published in 1887 and 1888 respectively. We also know that in 1887 a book entitled Sathiya Vedha Sarithira Saaram (The Essence of the Bible) by Palavendhiram Rayappan was published here. In 1890, Pathaanandha Maalai (A garland of Praise) was published by Mohamed Sultan Maraikkayar. (A list of early books provided.) Many of these books and magazines were produced by Indian immigrants and much of the literary output was in the form of poetry and some of the notable poets of recent times were Swami Ramadasar, Panaikkulam M. Abdul Majid and N.Karim. This tradition continues today with home-grown writers and poets. In the early fifties Tamil Murasu, a Singapore Tamil daily, began a student supplement called Maanavar Manimandra Malar (Supplement for Students Bell Club). This served as a training ground for budding writers in Tamil. The Thamilar Thirunaal (Tamils Festival, also sponsored by this daily, provided motivation and training for writers with its various literary competitions.

Following these examples, several- associations were formed in Penang to promote and nourish Tamil writing. Among them were the Tamil Youth Bell Club, Valluvar Debating Society, Bharathi Debating Society, the Senthamizh Kala Nilayam and North Malaya Tamil Writers Association.

Poetry can be said to be the most. prolific of the literary output. (A list of significant poets and poetry provided.) Following this is the significant production of short stories. The Penang-based writers’ list is long, but among them are Murugaiyan, Dato P. Shanmugam, A. Kadir, CT. Ramasamy, Anthony Muthu, S. Anbanantham, M. Sultan, etc. (List provided.)

Significant contribution from Penang to Malaysian Tamil literature includes writings of K. Sonaimuthu with several of his biographies and essays, and R. Karthigesu with his novels. While writers like Karthigesu and Seeni Naina Mohamed came into Penang from other states, Penang has also lost some of its illustrious writers like M. Asan Gani, M. Sultan and Karaikizhaar to other states.

A current list of writers is appended. Almost all the writers in our list belong to an older generation and it is a thing of great concern that writers from the younger generation are scarce.

===Penangite Indian movies===
* [[Appalam (film)|Appalam]]
* [[Vennira Iravuggal]]

==Education==
The first Tamil vernacular schools in Malaya (now Malaysia) was set up in Penang under the Labour Code. In 2014, the Penang government brought a motion to open the first Tamil vernacular secondary school in Malaysia at Penang. But for political reasons this proposal was rejected by the central government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-shoots-down-tamil-secondary-school-proposal-in-penang |title=Putrajaya shoots down Tamil secondary school proposal in Penang - the Malaysian Insider |website=www.themalaysianinsider.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302202725/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-shoots-down-tamil-secondary-school-proposal-in-penang |archive-date=2 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Indian Malaysians also form the bulk of English teachers in Penang. Law and medicine has traditionally been a preferred career option by Indian families although younger Indians now venturing into other fields such as engineering, finance and entrepreneurship

===List of Tamil schools in Penang and Perak===
{{cot}}
{{colbegin}}
♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jawi

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Alma

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Juru

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Malakoff

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Mayfield

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Prye

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ramakrishna

♦ SJK (Tamil) Sungai Ara

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Valdor

♦ SJK (Tamil) Sungai Bakap

♦ SJK (Tamil) Azad

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bayan Lepas

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bukit Mertajam

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Byram

♦ SJK (Tamil) Nibong Tebal

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Changkat

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sempah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Krian

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Transkrian

♦ SJK (Tamil) Permatang Tinggi

♦ SJK (Tamil) Palaniandy

♦ SJK (Tamil) Mak Mandin

♦ SJK (Tamil) Perai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Jalan Sungai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tasik Permai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Batu Kawan

♦ SJK(Tamil) Perak Sangeetha Sabah, Ipoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kerajaan, Jalan Sungai Pari, Ipoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Yam Seng, Semanggol

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Changkat Salak, Salak Utara

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Selaba, Teluk Intan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jendarata 1, Teluk Intan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jendarata 2

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jendarata 3

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Getah Taiping

♦ SJK (Tamil) Pangkor

♦ SJK (Tamil) Taman Desa Pinji

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampung Tun Sambanthan, Ayer Tawar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Ayer Tawar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Cluny

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Banopdane

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampung Baru Matang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sogomana

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampong Colombia, Ayer Tawar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Flemington

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bandar Behrang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Batak Rabit

♦ SJK (Tamil) Jebong Lama

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kota Bahroe

♦ SJK (Tamil) Methodist Malim Nawar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Gapis

♦ SJK (Tamil) Nova Scotia 2

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ayer Tawar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tapah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Khir Johari

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tun Sambanthan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bharathy

♦ SJK (Tamil) Sungkai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Slim River

♦ SJK (Tamil) Slim Village

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tan Sri Dato' Manickavasagam

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tong Wah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Bidor Tahan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bikam

♦ SJK (Tamil) Sungai Kruit

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sunkai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Trolak

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kelapa Bali

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Behrang River

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Katoyang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Cashwood

♦ SJK (Tamil) Maha Ganesa Viddyasalai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Chettiars

♦ SJK (Tamil) Pengkalan Baru

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Huntly

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Walbrook

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sungai Wangi 2

♦ SJK (Tamil) Mukim Pundut

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampung Kayan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Beruas

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tanjong Rambutan

♦ SJK (Tamil) St. Philomena Convent

♦ SJK (Tamil) Perak Sangeetha Sabah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampung Simee

♦ SJK (Tamil) Gunong Rapat

♦ SJK (Tamil) Menglembu

♦ SJK (Tamil) Cangkat

♦ SJK (Tamil) Tronoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Gopeng

♦ SJK (Tamil) Methodist, Buntong Ipoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Chemor

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Changkat Kiding

♦ SJK (Tamil) Klebang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Strathisla

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kinta Vally

♦ SJK (Tamil) Mambang Diawan

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kampar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Selinsing

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kuala Kurau

♦ SJK (Tamil) Simpang Lima

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bagan Serai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Saint Mary's

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sungai Bogak

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Gula

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Chersonese

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jin Seng

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Soon Lee

♦ SJK (Tamil) Arumugam Pillai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kelumpong

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Gedong

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sungai Biong

♦ SJK (Tamil) Mahathma Gandi Kalasalai

♦ SJK (Tamil) Gandhi Memorial

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kati

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Gapis

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Perak River Valley

♦ SJK (Tamil) Enggor

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Elphil

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sungai Reyla

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Dovenby

♦ SJK (Tamil) Thiruvalluvar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Sithambaram Pillay

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sussex

♦ SJK (Tamil) Netesa Pillay

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sungai Timah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sabrang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Nova Scotia 1

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Rubana 1

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Teluk Buloh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Jendarata Bahagian Alpha Bernam

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Flemington

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Teluk Bharu

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kuala Bernam

♦ SJK (Tamil) Bagan Datoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Strathmashie

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang New Coconut

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Ulu Bernam 2

♦ SJK (Tamil) ladang Sungai Samak

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kamatchy

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kamunting

♦ SJK (Tamil) YMHA

♦ SJK (Tamil) St Teresa's Convent

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ulu Sepetang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Selama

♦ SJK (Tamil) Pondok Tanjung

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Holyrood

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Malaya

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Sin Wah

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Lauderdale

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Matang

♦ SJK (Tamil) Kampong Baru

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Allagar

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Temerloh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Stoughton

♦ SJK (Tamil) Pengkalan Hulu

♦ SJK (Tamil) Gerik

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Kota Lima

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Glenealy

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Serapoh

♦ SJK (Tamil) Ladang Buloh Akar
{{colend}}
{{cob}}

==Notable Penangite Indians==
* [[Abdul Malik Mydin]] (1975–), Malaysian solo long-distance swimmer. He was notable as the first Malaysian and Southeast Asian to swim across the English Channel on 3 August 2003.
* Bishan Singh Ram Singh (1944–2006), Malaysian social activist and environmentalist.
* [[Cecil Rajendra]] (1941–), Malaysian poet and lawyer
* [[David Arumugam]], founding members of the band [[Alleycats (Malaysian rock band)|Alleycats]].
* [[Deborah Priya Henry]] (1985–), Miss Malaysia 2007 (of Irish and Indian ancestry)
* [[Faezah Elai]] (1982–), Malaysian actress (of Punjabi, Thai and Malay ancestry)
* [[Gobind Singh Deo]] (1973–), prominent Malaysian lawyer and politician and the Member of Parliament for Puchong, Selangor.
* [[Jagdeep Singh Deo]] (1971–), lawyer and Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) assemblyman for Dato Keramat, Penang.
* [[Karpal Singh]] (1940–2014), Malaysian former lawyer and politician
* Kishva Ambigapathy (1990–), First Asian Chairperson, Commonwealth Youth Council & Royal Mace Bearer Queen Elizabeth II 90th Birthday<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/11/29/penang-man-elected-head-of-commonwealth-youth/|title=Penang man elected head of Commonwealth youth|work=freemalaysiatoday.com|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>
* [[Krishnamurthi Muniandy]] (1980–), Malaysian cricketer
* [[Loganathan Arumugam]] (1952–2007), founding members of the band [[Alleycats (Malaysian rock band)|Alleycats]].
* [[M. Manogaran]] (1959–), Malaysian politician
* [[Nicol David]] (1983–), World no.1 squash player (of Indian and Chinese ancestry)
* [[G. Palanivel]] (1949–), Minister of Natural Resources and Environment and current president of [[Malaysian Indian Congress]].
* [[Peter Pragas]] (1926–2014), Malaysian composer and musician
* [[D. S. Ramanathan]], first mayor for the city of George Town and founder of [[Labour Party of Malaya]]
* [[Ramkarpal Singh]], Malaysian lawyer and politician
* [[Syed Thajudeen]] (1943–), Malaysia well known painter
* [[Vanessa Raj]], professional squash player who represents Malaysia
* [[Vanida Imran]], actress and television host
* [[S. Veenod]] (1988–), Malaysian footballer.
* [[Vijay Eswaran]] (1960–), Malaysian businessman
* SK Sundaram (Malaysian businessman)
* Dr. Jegajeeva Rao Subba Rao, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, First recipient of the inaugural Prime Minister of Australia Asia Endeavour Award in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malaysia.embassy.gov.au/klpr/Info_EndeavourAward.html|title = Australian High Commission in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Citation|last=Sandhu|first=Kernial Singh|title=Indians in Malaya-immigration and settlement|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1969|page=29}}
*{{Citation|last=Sinnappah|first=Anasanatnam|title=Indians in Malaysia and Singapore|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Kuala Lumpur|year=1979|page=19}}
*{{Citation|last=Snider|first=Nancy|title=What Happened in Penang|journal=Asian Survey|volume=12|year=1968|issue=12 |pages=960–975|doi=10.2307/2642150|jstor=2642150 }}

{{Ethnic groups in Malaysia}}
{{Indians in Malaysia}}
{{NRI-PIO |state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Tamil|Society}}

[[Category:Indian diaspora in Malaysia|Penang]]
[[Category:Society of Penang|Indian]]

Bilanka Ramayana

2026-03-24T11:02:52Z

MeredithRodrigue: added new info more to come - done

{{Short description|Retelling of the epic Ramayana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox religious text
| name = Bilanka Ramayana
| original_title = ବିଲଙ୍କା ରାମାୟଣ
| original_lang = or
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| author = [[Sarala Dasa]]
| language = [[Odia language]]
| country = [[India]]
| chapters =
| verses =
| period = 15th century
| caption =
| image =
}}
'''Bilanka Ramayana''' ([[Odia language|Odia]] - ବିଲଙ୍କା ରାମାୟଣ , pronounced Bilånkā Rāmāyåṇå), also known as '''Vilanka Ramayana''' is a 15th-century retelling of the [[Indian epic poetry|Indian epic poem]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', written by [[Sarala Dasa]] in [[Odia language|Odia]], who dedicates the work to ''Sāraḷā Chanḍi'', the tutelary goddess of [[Jagatsinghpur]] in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ramayana Revisited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ar2Qfr-UeQC&q=bilanka+ramayana |publisher=Oxford University Press |last1=Bose |first1=Mandakranta |page=96 |date=30 September 2004 | isbn=978-0-19-516832-7 |access-date=26 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Art and Culture of Orissa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBpyEAAAQBAJ&q=bilanka+ramayana |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |last1=Senapati |first1=Rabindra Mohan |date=2004 |isbn=9789354095351 |access-date=26 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mirror of the Myth |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2016/Jan/engpdf/83-88.pdf |publisher=Odisha Review |last1=Panda |first1=Basanta Kumar |date=January 2016 }}</ref> The work is generally regarded as forming a supplementary kanda to the Odia [[Ramayana]] and is loosely based on the [[Adbhuta Ramayana]], a [[Shakta]] version of the [[Ramayana]] in [[Sanskrit]].

==Summary==

This work is written in ''[[Dandi metre]]'' ([[Odia language|Odia]] - ଦାଣ୍ଡି ବୃତ୍ତି) commonly used in [[Odia literature]], which renders it suitable for both singing and better understanding among the [[Odia people|Odia]] folk. The events unfold after the death of [[Ravana]] in [[Lanka]].

Written in the form of a divine narration of the tale by the God [[Shiva]] to his wife [[Parvati]], it begins with the meeting of the gods in [[Indra]]'s court, where [[Yama]] laments at his unending duty to lead souls and the gods discuss their own, aware of the eminent danger posed by ''Sahasrasira Ravana'' ([[Odia language|Odia]] - ସହସ୍ରଶିରା ରାବଣ, Såhåsråsirā Rābåṇå), who has already imprisoned many of them in his city of ''Bilanka/Vilanka'' ([[Odia language|Odia]] - ବିଲଙ୍କା) in [[Patala]]. Thereby, the gods plan to stop the upcoming coronation of [[Rama]] in [[Ayodhya]], as he would then become too busy with his kingly duties and the welfare of his kingdom, ignoring their call for him to slay the demon.

Heeding to their pleas, [[Brahma]] sends ''Khåḷā'' (ଖଳା) and ''Durbåḷā'' (ଦୁୁର୍ବଳା), who sit on [[Sita]]'s and [[Rama]]'s tongues, manipulating their talk.
As expected, the humble [[Rama]] prides himself of having killed [[Ravana]] by himself, while the dutiful [[Sita]] chides him, mentioning herself as the true reason of his death. Further, she challenges him to kill Sahasrsira Ravana to prove his might.

[[Rama]] departs to [[Patala]] with his army, which is completely destroyed and he falls unconscious over 70 ''[[yojana]]s'' away, with a single clap of the extremely powerful ''Sahasrasira Rabana''. [[Hanuman]] returns to Ayodhya with [[Sandalwood]] for [[Rama]]'s coronation and leaves for his aide, facing many hurdles on his way to ''Bilanka''. He is also gobbled up by ''Sahasrasira'', but is released upon hearing the continuous chanting of [[Rama]]'s name. On learning about his enemy approaching, ''Sahasrasira'' leads his demon army to the battlefield, along with his sons ''Saptasira'', ''Tinisira'' and his grandsons ''Nabhidatya'', ''Sumbha'', ''Nisumbha'' and so on.

The epic thereafter, essentially contains a brief account of the fierce battle between [[Rama]] and Sahasrasira [[Ravana]] of Vilanka in Patala. At the end, [[Rama]], who had become famished after killing all other asuras but still not having defeated ''Sahasrasira'', sent [[Hanuman]] to bring [[Sita]] and she comes equipped with the blessed ''Panchasara'' weapon from goddess [[Katyayini]].
She transforms into her huge ''Trailokya Mohini'' form ([[Odia language|Odia]] - ତ୍ରୈଲୋକ୍ୟ ମୋହିନି) momentarily blinding the demon, allowing [[Rama]] to kill him.

==Theme==
This magnum opus was written in special glorification of [[Sita]], who as an apotheosis of the goddess [[Kali]], is represented to have helped [[Rama]] to slay the demon [[Ravana]] of Patala with 1,000 heads.<ref name="Sukhdeva2002">{{cite book |author=Sukhdeva |title=Living Thoughts of the Ramayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMyxwk5g3NEC&pg=PT7 |year=2002 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7992-002-2 |pages=7}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee1998">{{cite book |author=Sujit Mukherjee |title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA420 |date=1998 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1453-9 |pages=420}}</ref><ref name="OriyaBhashaKosh">{{cite book |author=G. C. Praharaj |title=Purnachandra Oriya Bhasha Kosh, Volume-V |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1518/page/n571/mode/2up |year=1931 |publisher= Utkal Sahitya Press |pages=572}}</ref> The story is written as a poem, in a very lucid and simple chaste [[Odia language|Odia]].
It vividly describes the scenes of war and the beauty of Bilanka, along with special mentions to the accessories of the characters and [[Odia culture]].

==See also==

• [[Odia literature]]

• [[Jagamohana Ramayana]]

• [[Sarala Mahabharata]]

• [[Sri Rodha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Ramayana}}

[[Category:Hindu poetry]]
[[Category:Odia literature]]
[[Category:Works based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:15th-century poems]]

Gopalla Grammam

2026-03-23T19:32:00Z

MeredithRodrigue: added basic details from scratch

{{short description|1976 novel by Ki. Rajanarayanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Gopalla Gramam
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image =
| caption =
| author = [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| genre = [[historical novel|Historical]], [[Romantic novel|Romance]], [[Thriller novel|Thriller]], [[fiction]]
| publisher =
| release_date = 1976
| english_release_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
}}
'''''Gopalla Gramam ''''' ({{translation|People of Gopalla Village}}) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language novel by [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]]. A sequel, '' Gopallapurathu Makkal '', was published in 1989 and won Sahitya Akademi Award in 1991.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sahitya Akademy for Gopallapurathu Makkal|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/his-tales-of-drought-hit-immortal/articleshow/56530536.cms |access-date=3 July 2022|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=January 2022}}

== Overview ==
Gopalla Gramam discusses the mass exodus of a small village in present-day Andhra Pradesh in India, travelling south, eventually finding a place [[Kovilpatti]] in Tamil Nadu. The novel includes timelines of Islamic kings in Andhra Pradesh, transition of other kingdoms in southern part of India, the British invasion of India and part of India's freedom struggle. Ki. Rajanarayanan mentioned about the existence of collection of stories about the exodus in oral traditions of south India. Along the way, the novel shows the formation of modern infrastructure in South India. The novel also shows a rarely documented phenomenon of how the people of India accepted the British rule.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Gopallapurathu Makkal|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ace-tamil-writer-ki-rajanarayanan-passes-away/articleshow/82729779.cms |access-date=3 July 2022|website=[[Times of India]]|date= 18 May 2021 }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
The sequel ''Gopallapurathu Makkal'' won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1991.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sahitya Akademy for Gopallapurathu Makkal|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/his-tales-of-drought-hit-immortal/articleshow/56530536.cms |access-date=3 July 2022|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> Writer and literary critic Jeyamohan wrote a detailed critique on Gopalla Gramam and its sequel Gopallapurathu Makkal and considers them as a pioneering Novel that started a new genre of novels.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Literary critique on Gopalla Gramam |url= https://www.jeyamohan.in/90130/ |access-date=3 July 2022|website=[[Jeyamohan|Jeyamohan.in]]|date= 21 August 2021 }}</ref>

The folk song mentioned in the novel Gopalla Gramam was set to music for the first time by composer [[Rajan Somasundaram|Raleigh Rajan]]. The song is referenced as about 500 years old and was sung by the original settlers of Kovilpatti area. Sung by [[Ananya Bhat]], [[Senthil Ganesh|Rajalakshmi Senthil]], Raleigh Rajan and Priya Krish.

== Translations ==
''Gopalla Gramam'' has been translated into English by a couple of different publishing houses. Vishnupuram USA and M Vijayalakshmi both have translated Gopalla Gramam.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1970 novels]]
[[Category:Indian romance novels]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Novels set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Novels in Tamil]]

Per capita income

2026-03-23T15:59:22Z

MeredithRodrigue: quick update

{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}{{short description|Average income of an economy}}
[[File:Countries by GNI (nominal) per capita in 2018.png|right|thumb|upright=1.4|[[List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita|Nominal Gross national income per capita]] as of 2018, according to the [[World Bank]]]]
'''Per capita income''' ('''PCI''') or '''average income''' measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year.

In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such as the [[American Community Survey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey: 2021 Subject Definitions |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/note/US/INC910222 |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |page=90}}</ref> This allows the calculation of per capita income for both the country as a whole and specific regions or demographic groups. However, comparing per capita income across different countries is often difficult, since methodologies, definitions and data quality can vary greatly.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The world's richest countries in 2023 |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/12/15/the-worlds-richest-countries-in-2023 |access-date=2024-01-28 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Since the 1990s, the [[OECD]] has conducted regular surveys among its 38 member countries using a standardized methodology and set of questions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Förster |first1=Michael |title=Counting the poor: new thinking about European poverty measures and lessons for the United States |last2=d'Ercole |first2=Marco |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-19-986058-6 |editor-last=Besharov |editor-first=Douglas J. |series=International policy exchange series |location=Oxford |pages=28 |editor-last2=Couch |editor-first2=Kenneth A.}}</ref>

Per capita income is often used to measure a sector's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is also often used to measure a country's [[standard of living]]. When used to compare income levels of different countries, it is usually expressed using a commonly used international currency, such as the [[euro]] or [[United States dollar]]. It is one of the three components of the [[Human Development Index]] of a country.

==Limitations==
While per capita income can be useful for many economic studies, it is important to keep in mind its limitations.
* Comparisons of per capita income over time need to consider inflation. Without adjusting for [[inflation]], figures tend to overstate the effects of economic growth.
* International comparisons can be distorted by cost of living differences not reflected in exchange rates. Where the objective is to compare living standards between countries, adjusting for differences in [[purchasing power parity]] will more accurately reflect what people are actually able to buy with their money.
* It is a [[mean]] value and does not reflect [[income inequality|income distribution]]. If a country's income distribution is skewed, a small wealthy class can increase per capita income substantially while the majority of the population has no change in income. In this respect, [[median income]] is more useful when measuring of prosperity than per capita income, as it is less influenced by outliers.
* Non-monetary activity, such as barter or services provided within the family, is usually not counted. The importance of these services varies widely among economies.
* Per capita income does not consider whether income is invested in factors likely to improve the area's development, such as health, education, or infrastructure.

==See also==
* [[Disposable household and per capita income]]
* [[List of countries by average wage]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]]—GDP at market or government official exchange rates per inhabitant
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]]—GDP calculated at [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP) exchange per inhabitant
* [[List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita]]
* [[List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita]]
* [[Real income]]
* [[List of countries by GNI per capita growth]]
* [[List of countries by income equality]]
* [[Total personal income]]
* [[List of U.S. states by adjusted per capita personal income]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Global economic classifications}}
{{United States locations by per capita income}}

[[Category:Gross domestic product]]
[[Category:Macroeconomic indicators]]

Rippan Swamy

2026-03-19T00:08:13Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Stub W/ Sources

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rippan Swamy
| image = Rippan Swamy.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Kishor Mudubidire
| writer = Kishor Mudubidire
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Vijay Raghavendra]] Ashwini Chandrasekhar
| narrator =
| cinematography = Ranghanath C M
| editing = Shashank Narayana
| music = [[Samuel Aby]]
| studio = Panchaanana Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|8|20|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Rippan Swamy''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by Kishor Mudubidire and starring [[Vijay Raghavendra]] and Ashwini Chandrashekar.

==Cast==
*[[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Rippan Swamy
*Ashwini Chandrashekar as Mangala
*[[Prakash Thuminad]]
*Vajradheer Jain as Anand
*[[Yamuna Srinidhi]] as Sharadha
*Krishnamurthy Kavattaru
*Santhosh Shetty as Santhosh

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Samuel Aby]].
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 8:59
| title1 = Koti Koti Jeeva Meeti<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/koti-koti-jeeva-meeti-from-rippan-swaamy/RlrHtcjWTDk_|title=Koti Koti Jeeva Meeti (From "Rippan Swaamy") - - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=9 August 2025|via=www.jiosaavn.com}}</ref>
| lyrics1 = Raghavendra V Kamath
| extra1 = Raghavendra V Kamath
| length1 = 4:44
| title2 = Kadule Hutti Bandadu Nangave<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kadule-hutti-bandadu-nangave-from-rippan-swaamy/RQJbrphmfHc_|title=Kadule Hutti Bandadu Nangave (From "Rippan Swaamy") - - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=14 August 2025|via=www.jiosaavn.com}}</ref>
| lyrics2 = [[Jenu Kuruba|Girijana Samagra Abhivruddhi Kala Samsthe]]
| extra2 = Ramesh JB, Ajay J K, Kumara J G, Rajanna J M, Pranam J G, Udaya J R, Nithin J R, Ramakrishna J S, Prathap
| length2 = 2:18
| title3 = Nanga Basuvi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72x0wd6LAHA|title=Nanga Basuvi Video Song | Rippan Swaamy | Vijay Raghavendra | Ashwini Chandrashekar | Kishor | PRK|date=14 November 2025|via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics3 = Girijana Samagra Abhivruddhi Kala Samsthe
| extra3 = Ramesh JB, Ajay J K, Kumara J G, Rajanna J M, Pranam J G, Udaya J R, Nithin J R, Ramakrishna J S, Prathap
| length3 = 1:57
}}

==Reception==
Susmita Sameera of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "for those who enjoy slow-burn rural thrillers with atmospheric visuals and powerful performances, ''Rippan Swamy'' makes for a worthwhile watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/kannada/vijays-new-face-of-violence-and-vulnerability/movie-review/123556691.cms|title=Rippan Swamy Movie Review: Vijay’s New Face of Violence and Vulnerability|website=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from the ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' also gave the film the same rating.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rippan-swamy-movie-review-vijay-raghavendra-shines-in-rural-crime-thriller-3703858|title='Rippan Swamy' movie review: Vijay Raghavendra shines in rural crime thriller|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Y Maheswara Reddy of the ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote, "It is worth a watch for those who want to see Vijay Raghavendra in a different avatar".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-reviewrippan-swamy-in-a-different-avatar/articleshow/123591405.cms|title=Kannada Movie Review–Rippan Swamy: In a different avatar|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> A Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote, "''Rippan Swamy'' is a rural thriller with part folklore, part mystery, and part bloodbath. Admire it or detest it, you cannot walk away without carrying Rippan’s scars, and it is definitely not for the faint-hearted".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/30/kannadareview2025aug29rippan-swamy-movie-review-violent-oddly-eccentric-and-not-everyones-cup-of-tea|title=Rippan Swamy Movie Review: Violent, oddly eccentric, and not everyone's cup of tea|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=30 August 2025|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> ''[[Udayavani]]'' praised the director for selecting a serious story and narrating it in a crisp manner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://udayavani.com/sandalwood-news/Rippan-Swamy-movie-review-20250830T051959426Z?lang=kn|title=Rippan Swamy movie review: ಪ್ರೇಮದ ಹಾದಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನೆತ್ತರ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ | Udayavani - Latest Kannada News, Udayavani Newspaper|date=30 August 2025|website=Udayavani|language=kn}}</ref> A critic from [[Asianet Suvarna News]] called the film's story unique while criticising the lack of depth for the characters and intensity of events occurring in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/vijay-raghavendra-ashwini-chandrashekars-rippan-swaamy-review-gvd/articleshow-ft3czv3|title=ಕಾಡಿನ ಮಧ್ಯೆ ಸಣ್ಣತನ, ದ್ರೋಹ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ: ರಿಪ್ಪನ್ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ|website=Asianet Suvarna News|language=kn}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|32085559}}

[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

Tejaswini Singh

2026-03-08T23:11:31Z

MeredithRodrigue: Added basic biography initial version

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2021}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2025}}{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Tejaswini singh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], India
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Lucknow]] [[Sikkim Manipal University]]
| occupation = Model, journalist, entrepreneur
| years_active =
| title = Mrs India International 2018 Mrs Global World
| spouse = Piyush Upadhyay
| hair_color = Black
| eye_color = Black
| competitions = Mrs. India International 2018 (Winner) Mrs. Global International World 2018 (Winner)
| website = {{URL|tejaswinisingh.info/}}
| height = 5 ft. 8 inches
}}
'''Tejaswini Singh''' (born 13 December 1989) is an Indian model, journalist, and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Mrs. International 2018<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Sarweshwari |title=सिंगापुर में देवरिया की बेटी ने जीता मिसेज इंडिया इंटरनेशनल का खिताब |url=https://www.patrika.com/varanasi-news/deoria-girl-tejaswini-singh-won-mrs-india-international-award-2261270/ |publisher=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |date=22 January 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref> and Mrs. Global International World 2018.<ref name="amarujalaa">{{cite news |title=यूपी की बेटी तेजस्विनी ने दक्षिण अफ्रीका में जीता मिसेज ग्लोबल इंटरनेशनल वर्ल्ड का खिताब |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/lucknow/tejaswini-singh-won-mrs-global-world-south-africa-award |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=24 September 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref name="patrika">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Mahendra Pratap |title=तेजस्विनी ने जीता मिसेज ग्लोबल इंटरनेशनल वर्ल्ड का खिताब, राधा-कृष्ण के वेश में किया भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व |url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/mrs-up-tejaswini-singh-won-mrs-global-international-world-2018-title-3454977/ |publisher=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |date=23 September 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmad |first1=Junaid |title=पिता की जॉब गई तो लिया हुनर का सहारा..मिसेज ग्लोबल ने शेयर की पर्सनल LIFE |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-inside-story-of-mrs-global-world-2018-tejaswini-singh-18461933.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=24 September 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref> She is also a well known journalist, organic treatment researcher, News channel panelist, feature writer and founder of Organic Greens & Botanical Naturopathy.

== Career ==
In January 2018, Singh participated in the competition of Mrs. India International, which was held in Singapore, where she won the title of the event. She also gained the title of Mrs. Most Beautiful Body.<ref name=amarujala>{{cite news |title=देवरिया की तेजस्विनी बनीं मिसेज इंटरनेशनल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria/tejswini-won-mrs-international-award |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=21 January 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref> The pageant consisted of 23 contestants from various parts of India.<ref>{{cite news |title=पैदा होने पर उड़ा था मजाक-बन गई Mrs इंडिया इंटरनेशनल, टर्नओवर है 2 Cr. |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-LUCK-LCL-mrs-india-international-tejaswini-tandon-5799563-PHO.html?sld_seq=1 |work=[[Daily Bhaskar]] |date=26 January 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

In September 2018, Tejaswini Singh won the title of Misses Global International World 2018, held in [[Johannesburg]], South Africa.<ref name="patrika" /><ref name=dainikjagran>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Pradeep |title=मिसेज वर्ल्‍ड ताज के लिए देवरिया की तेजस्विनी की मजबूत दावेदारी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-tejaswini-singh-strong-claim-for-mrs-world-crown-18446929.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=20 September 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

In March 2019, she featured in the book ''Shifting Goalpost'', which was revealed at [[Harvard University]] Conference 2019 in [[Boston]]. Singh has written the chapter Trend change from chemical and synthetic to herbal personal care products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria-indian-book-discussions-in-the-us-18969094.html|title=हावर्ड हैपर 2019 कांफ्रेंस में चर्चा में रही भारतीय किताब शि¨फ्टग गोलपोस्ट्स |website=m.jagran.com |language=hi|access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajsattaexpress.com/entrepreneur-and-beauty-pageant-helps-for-creative-minds-from-villages/|title=ये हैं ब्यूटी क्वीन, लेकिन गाँव के होनहारों को दे रहीं नया प्लेटफार्म |last=डेस्क |first=राजसत्ता|date=4 April 2019|website=राजसत्ता एक्सप्रेस- Rajsatta Express|access-date=8 September 2019}}</ref>

Singh is the founder of a company called Organic Green & Botaniqal Naturopathy, which provides herbal products. She is the founder of the project "Karna", an initiative to help researchers. She was awarded the National Iconic Women's Award by Infopark Society in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url-status=live |archive-date=July 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708150700/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow-live/20190312/281694026097919 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2019-03-12 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow-live/20190312/281694026097919 |title=Feat For Tejaswini, Prateek |via=[[PressReader]] |access-date=2023-04-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ये हैं ब्यूटी क्वीन, लेकिन गाँव के होनहारों को दे रहीं नया प्लेटफार्म |url=https://rajsattaexpress.com/entrepreneur-and-beauty-pageant-helps-for-creative-minds-from-villages/ |publisher=Rajsattaexpress |date=4 April 2019 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

In 2021, Tejaswini Singh has been conferred an [https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/tejaswini-get-honorary-degree-by-university-of-america honorary doctorate] degree by Keisie [https://keisieuniversity.com/ University], USA. she has been given this honor for his special research in herbal field and for inventing formulas of about one thousand herbal products. The herbal paste Formula prepared by her. has proved effective in many skin related diseases. A research paper regarding this product was recently published in the International Journal of Ayurvedic and Pharma Research.

Tejaswini Singh was selected at the Dubai for Global Conclave and Festival of Action “Judge Panel” and represented India by Milestone International Organisation. [https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria/story-deoria-39-s-tejaswini-to-become-panelist-judge-in-dubai-39-s-conclave-6603146.html]

Tejaswini Singh was selected from India in the judges panel selected from five countries from all over the world in the Dubai Global Conclave and Global Awards. Her Majesty Mona from the Royal Family of Dubai will be among the selected women from five countries in this world-class 3-day conclave organized by the Milestone Foundation in Dubai. Also, to make Tejaswini an effective herbal product.[https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria/story-deoria-39-s-tejaswini-to-become-panelist-judge-in-dubai-39-s-conclave-6603146.html]

Along with this, Tejaswini was given the [https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/lucknow-s-tejaswini-singh-as-judge-in-dubai-global-conclave-and-award-7589709/ Inspriration Global Award] at the hands of His Highness Suhail Al Zarooni, Royal Family of Dubai, for making an effective herbal product. As a jury, Tejaswini raised the issue of education of girls going on in developing countries as a panelist and judge in this three-day program at Bahi Ajman Palace.

== Pageants ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title(s) !! Status !! Source
|-
| 2018 || Mrs. India International || Winner ||<ref name=amarujalaa/>
|-
| 2018 || Mrs. Global International || Winner ||<ref name="patrika" />
|-
| 2018 || Mrs. Global International || Mrs. Most Beautiful Body ||<ref name=dainikjagran/>
|-
| 2016 || Mrs. Uttar Pradesh|| Mrs. Bold & Beautiful ||<ref>{{cite news |title=महिलाओ ने रैंप पर दिखाई प्रतिभा, चुनी गई मिसेज यूपी |url=https://www.facebook.com/1578521229113238/photos/a.1578521939113167/1616418575323503/?type=3&theater |date=15 September 2015 |language=Hindi}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2019}}
|}

== Reference links ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{URL|tejaswinisingh.info/}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before={{flagicon|India}} Neetu Prabhakar}}
{{s-ttl|title=Mrs. India International
|years=2018}}
{{S-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{S-bef|before={{flagicon|Philippines}} Joan Babilonia}}
{{s-ttl|title=Mrs. Global International
|years=2018}}
{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Tejaswini}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from Faizabad]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Female models from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Faizabad]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]

Jamling Tenzing Norgay

2026-03-07T12:24:36Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Data

{{Short description|Indian mountaineer (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Jamling Tenzing Norgay
| image = Island peak summit.jpg
| caption = Jamling Tenzing Norgay at the [[Imja Tse|Island Peak]] summit
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|04|23}}
| birth_place = [[Darjeeling]], West Bengal, India<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamling Tenzing Norgay Sherpa |url=http://www.tenzing-norgay.com/pages/jamlingtenzing.html |website=Tenzing Norgay Adventures |access-date=7 February 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927075703/http://www.tenzing-norgay.com/pages/jamlingtenzing.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| death_place =
| occupation = Mountaineer/motivational Speaker
| children = 3
| father = [[Tenzing Norgay]]
| spouse = Sonam Yangchen
| relatives = [[Tenzing Norgay Trainor]] (nephew) [[Tashi Tenzing]] (nephew) [[Nawang Gombu]] (cousin)
}}

[[File:Jamling with HH Dalai Lama.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Jamling Tenzing Norgay with [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]]]]
'''Jamling Tenzing Norgay''' (born 23 April 1965) is an Indian<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chhetri |first1=Aishwarya Thapa |date=16 June 2024 |title=A father's Everest legacy inspires mountaineer from India |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/fathers-everest-legacy-inspires-mountaineer-nepal-rcna157143 |work=NBC News |access-date=30 December 2025 |quote=A headline on an earlier version of this article misstated the nationality of mountaineer Jamling Tenzing Norgay. He is from India, not Nepal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Norgay |first1=Jamling Tenzing |title=Touching My Father's Soul: A Sherpa's Journey to the Top of Everest |last2=Coburn |first2=Broughton |date=2001 |publisher=HarperSanFrancisco |isbn=978-0-06-251687-9 |edition=1st |location=San Francisco, Calif |pages=277 |quote=I have my own citizenship and identity issues, although they may be less complicated than my father's, I was born in India as an Indian citizen, and I remain an Indian to this day. My quandary mainly concerns cultural identity. I've decided that I belong to both cultures, East and West, and both belong to me.}}</ref> mountaineer and author, best known for summiting Mount Everest as part of the 1996 Everest IMAX expedition. He was born in [[Darjeeling, West Bengal, India]], and is the son of [[Tenzing Norgay]].


== Biography ==
Jamling is the son of mountaineer and guide [[Tenzing Norgay]] (who first climbed [[Mount Everest]] in 1953 with Sir [[Edmund Hillary]]) and Daku, his third wife. He was born in [[Darjeeling, West Bengal, India]], and later attended [[St. Paul's School, Darjeeling|St. Paul's School]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Norgay |first1=Jamling Tenzing |title=Touching my father's soul: a Sherpa's journey to the top of Everest |last2=Coburn |first2=Broughton |date=2001 |publisher=HarperSanFrancisco |isbn=978-0-06-251687-9 |edition=1st |location=San Francisco, Calif |pages=xv}}</ref> After graduating, Jamling travelled to the United States to attend [[Northland College (Wisconsin)|Northland College]], in [[Wisconsin]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Norgay |first1=Jamling Tenzing |title=Touching my father's soul: a Sherpa's journey to the top of Everest |last2=Coburn |first2=Broughton |date=2001 |publisher=HarperSanFrancisco |isbn=978-0-06-251687-9 |edition=1st |location=San Francisco, Calif |pages=84}}</ref>

He later followed in his father's footsteps and climbed Mount Everest in 1996 with a team led by [[David Breashears]] that also included mountaineer [[Ed Viesturs]] and [[Araceli Segarra]], an experience documented in the 1998 IMAX film ''[[Everest (1998 film)|Everest]]''. In 2002, he and [[Peter Hillary]], the son of Edmund Hillary, were part of an expedition to climb Everest and commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first ascent.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/05/0523_ADVeverest8.html |title=Everest Anniversary Team Makes Final Summit Attempt |work=National Geographic News |date=23 May 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603173752/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/05/0523_ADVeverest8.html |access-date=5 May 2011 |archive-date=3 June 2002 }}</ref>

Norgay went on to write ''Touching My Father's Soul'', a book documenting his experiences on the summit attempt. The book was notable for the frankness with which it discussed the relationship between the often wealthy climbers and the Sherpas who obtain their incomes from assisting expeditions. Norgay's book was the first to discuss from the Sherpas' point of view of the [[1996 Mount Everest disaster|disastrous May 1996 climbing season]], in which twelve climbers died. It noted that little notice is taken when Sherpas die, but much attention is given when those lost are clients.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:Jamling-Tenzing-Norgay-with-Prime-Minister-India-and-Edmund-Hillary.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Jamling Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary receiving Everest 50 Years Award from Prime Minister of India [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in 2003.]]

==Bibliography==
*{{citation |last=Norgay |first=Jamling Tenzing |year=2001 |title=Touching my father's soul: a Sherpa's journey to the top of Everest |edition=reprint |publisher=HarperSanFrancisco |isbn=978-0-06-251687-9}}
*{{citation |last1=Hartemann |first1=Frederic V. |year=2005 |title=The mountain encyclopedia: an A-Z compendium of more than 2,300 terms, concepts, ideas, and people |last2=Hauptman |first2=Robert |last3=Norgay |first3=Jamling Tenzing |publisher=Taylor Trade |isbn=978-1-58979-161-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mountainencyclop0000hart}}

== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norgay, Jamling Tenzing}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Northland College (Wisconsin) alumni]]
[[Category:Sherpa summiteers of Mount Everest]]
[[Category:St. Paul's School, Darjeeling alumni]]
[[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]
[[Category:People from Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:Mountain climbers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Sherpa people]]

Picasso (film)

2026-03-04T09:41:18Z

MeredithRodrigue: added references

{{use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Picasso
| image = Picasso film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Abhijeet Mohan Warang]]
| producer = [[Shiladitya Bora]]
| screenplay = [[Abhijeet Mohan Warang]]
| starring = [[Prasad Oak]] Samay Sanjeev Tambe Ashwini Mukadam Vitthal Gaonkar Nilkanth Sawant
| music = Anand Lunkad
| cinematography = Stanley Mudda
| editing = Aashay Gatade
| studio = Platoon One Films
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|09|28|[[Jagran Film Festival]]|2021|03|19}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Picasso''''' is a 2019 [[India]]n [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by debutant [[Abhijeet Mohan Warang]]. Produced by [[Shiladitya Bora]] under Platoon One Films, the film stars [[Prasad Oak]], Samay Sanjeev Tambe and Ashwini Mukadam in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prasad-oak-wins-national-film-award-for-kachcha-limbu-1726307.html|title=Prasad Oak Wins National Film Award For Kachcha Limbu|website=News18|date=23 April 2018 |access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref> Becoming the first [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film to document ''Dashavatara'', one of the earliest forms of folk theatre in its original format,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Picasso becomes the first Marathi film to document 'Dashavatra' in its original format|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/marathi-film/trailer-of-picasso-marathi-film-to-document-dashavatra-starring-prasad-oak-40051|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Mumbai Live|date=25 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ''Picasso'' had its world premiere at the [[Jagran Film Festival|Jagran]] and [[Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival|Brahmaputra Valley]] film festivals both being held in [[Mumbai]] and [[Guwahati]] in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/picasso-prasad-oak-starrer-new-marathi-film-to-be-screened-at-10th-jagran-film-festival/5d88a782c43f2f22b71d3a27|title=Picasso: Prasad Oak Starrer New Marathi Film To Be Screened At 10th Jagran Film Festival|last=SpotboyE|website=www.spotboye.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref> However, failing to see a theatrical release, the film was digitally premiered through [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 19 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Picasso: Amazon Prime Announces World Premiere Of First-Ever Direct To Stream Marathi Film {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/picasso-amazon-prime-announces-world-premiere-of-first-ever-direct-to-stream-marathi-film/604f4cf3568a65758699b5e3 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A young seventh grade student, Gandharva Pandurag Gawade, from a remote village in the Konkan belt of [[Maharashtra]], is selected for the national level of the Picasso Arts Scholarship. The winner of the competition gets to travel to Spain – Picasso's birthplace – to hone their art. Gandharva informs his parents about his selection and also a fee that needs to be paid in order to proceed to the next level of the competition – but his parents tell him that they cannot afford it.

Gandharva's father Pandurang is a Dashavatari artist and is performing in the nearby village. He was once an accomplished actor, but his alcohol addiction now stands in the way of him performing. With an ailing mother and a father struggling with debt, the chances of Gandharva being able to participate look slim. Will Pandurang be able to fight his demons and bring his art back to life – and will Gandharva be able to fulfil his dreams of going to Spain?

''Picasso'' is a story about fathers and sons, hopes and dreams - of life imitating art, and how art can heal lives.

== Cast ==

* [[Prasad Oak]] as Pandurang Gawade
* Samay Sanjeev Tambe as Gandharva Pandurang Gawade
* Ashwini Mukadam as Mother
* Vitthal Gaonkar as Narad
* Nilkanth Sawant as Mohini

== Production ==
''Picasso'' is [[Shiladitya Bora]]’s maiden [[Marathi language|Marathi]] production of his Platoon Films banner. The shooting for the film was completed in 27 days, starting in August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/platoon-one-films-launches-first-look-their-new-marathi-film-picasso|title=Platoon One Films launches the first look of their new Marathi film Picasso|date=2019-09-23|website=Box Office India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref> It was shot in and around [[Kudal]], the [[Konkan]] belt of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/wp/news/platoon-one-films-launches-the-first-look-of-their-maiden-marathi-feature-film-picasso/|title=Platoon One Films launches the first look of their maiden Marathi production Picasso|date=2019-09-23|website=Planet Bollywood|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref> Tushar Paranjape (writer of [[Killa (film)|''Killa'']]) served as the creative director for this film. The official poster of the film was released by [[Mahesh Bhatt]], who announced it through his [[Twitter]] account on 23 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/picasso-mahesh-bhatt-unveils-the-first-look-poster-of-prasad-oak-starrer/articleshow/71255980.cms|title='Picasso': Mahesh Bhatt unveils the first look poster of Prasad Oak starrer|date=23 September 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MaheshNBhatt/status/1176014909844230144|title=The young team @PlatoonOneFilms have made a fine Marathi feature film PICASSO. Congratulations and my best wishes @ShiladityaBora @prasadoak17, Abhijeet, Tushar and teampic.twitter.com/cVekuf3GPm|last=Bhatt|first=Mahesh|date=2019-09-22|website=@MaheshNBhatt|language=en|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref>

== Release ==
Picasso was screened at the 10th [[Jagran Film Festival]] held in [[Mumbai]] on 28 September 2019,<ref name=":0" /> and on the following day (29 September 2019), at the 7th [[Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival]] held in [[Guwahati]].<ref name=":0" /> The film was not released in theatres, but [[Amazon Prime Video]] distributed the film which debuted on the streaming platform from 19 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=2021-03-19|title=New on Amazon Prime this week: 'Picasso', 'Kapatadhaari' and more|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-amazon-prime-this-week-picasso-kapatadhaari-and-more/article34106585.ece|access-date=2021-03-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Award
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Nominee
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|[[67th National Film Awards|22 March 2021]]
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]]
|[[Abhijeet Mohan Warang]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=2021-03-22|title=67th National Film Awards: Complete list of winners|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/67th-national-film-awards-complete-list-updating/article34131921.ece|access-date=2021-03-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|9460478}}

[[Category:2019 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]

Mallika (1957 film)

2026-03-04T04:59:08Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started The Post Added Tags...

{{More plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mallika
| image = Mallika 1957 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Joseph Thaliath Jr.
| screenplay = Nanjilnadu T. N. Rajappa
| story = M. A. Durai
| producer = Joseph Thaliath Jr.
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
| music = [[T. R. Pappa]]
| studio = Citadel Films Corporation
| distributor = Rajashri Pictures<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1957 |title=Mallika |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570626&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|1957|7|19|df=yes|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Mallika''''' is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[Joseph Thaliath Jr.]] The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]. It was released on 19 July 1957,<ref>{{Cite web |title=1957 – மல்லிகா – தி. சிட்டாடல் பிலிம்ஸ் கார்ப்பரேஷன்ஸ் பாயல் (இ). |trans-title=1957 – Mallika – The. Citadel Films Corporation Payal (hi). |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails19.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161121154606/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails19.asp |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=8 November 2016 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> and remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Payal (film)|Payal]]'' the same year.

== Plot ==
Kamala and Padma are the daughters of a businessman stationed in [[Myanmar|Burma]]. Due to losses, the businessman is forced to return to India with his wife and daughters. The plane crashes and the parents are killed. Padma, the younger daughter, loses her eyesight. Kamala joins a dance troupe for a living and to save for treatment of her sister. Kamala meets Mohan, a man from an affluent family, and falls in love with him. But Mohan's parents are against the marriage because Kamala is a dancer and they consider her as someone of low moral character. Mohan's father is murdered and Mohan is arrested. Kamala takes the blame in order to save Mohan. The truth is eventually revealed, Padma regains her sight and all ends well for everyone.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite web |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=13 December 2014 |title=Mallika 1957 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mallika-1957/article6689010.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161108044653/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mallika-1957/article6689010.ece |archive-date=8 November 2016 |access-date=9 November 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Gemini Ganesan|R. Ganesh]] as Mohan
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Kamala
* [[T. S. Balaiah]]
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]]
* [[M. N. Rajam]]
* T. V. Kumudhini
* Baby Rajakumari as Padma
* [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam|Lakshmirajam]]
* N. S. Narayana Pillai
* Peer Mohamed
* Sharma
* Ganapathi Bhat
* P. B. Vairam
}}

== Production ==
This is the first film produced by the Citadel Films Corporation owned by Joseph Thaliath Jr, who also directed the film. Nanjilnadu T. N. Rajappa, who wrote the dialogues, also worked as the assistant director. Hiralal choreographed Padmini's dances, and was assisted by Chinni and Sampath. M. G. Naidu, who later founded the [[Naihaa|Naidu Hall]], worked as the costume designer on the film.<ref name="hindu" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[T. R. Pappa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=132–133 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Duration(m:ss)
|-
| "Neela Vanna Kannane Unadhu" || [[P. Susheela]]|| [[M. K. Athmanathan]]|| 03:43
|-
| "Maanatthai Kaappadhu Ponnu" || [[S. C. Krishnan]] & [[Jikki]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 03:50
|-
| "En Kannil Kalandhu Vilaiyaadum" || [[A. M. Rajah|A. M. Raja]] & P. Suseela || A. Maruthakasi || 02:47
|-
| "Pagattile Ulagam Emaarudhu" || S. C. Krishnan || || 02:49
|-
| "Mangaamal Valarum Singaara Nadanam" || P. Suseela || A. Maruthakasi || 02:55
|-
| "Thaye Nee Kan Paarai" || Jikki || || 02:49
|-
| "Varuven Naan Unadhu Maaligaiyin" || A. M. Raja & P. Suseela || A. Maruthakasi || 03:14
|-
| "Varundhathe Ezhai Maname" || Jikki || || 03:09
|}

== Reception ==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' positively reviewed ''Mallika''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=28 July 1957 |title=மல்லிகா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-07-28/page/n13/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240923070120/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-07-28/page/n13/mode/2up |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=10 October 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=12–13 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Despite this, the film was an average success, but was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Payal (film)|Payal]]'' the same year with Padmini returning.<ref name="hindu" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Joseph Thaliath Jr.]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. R. Pappa]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ouija (2015 film)

2026-03-03T21:31:02Z

MeredithRodrigue: General cleanup and content improvements

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ouija
| image = Ouija_Kannada_Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| studio = Vega Entertainment
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Bharat
*[[Shraddha Das]]
*[[Gayathri Iyer]]
*[[Madhuri Itagi]]
*[[Dr. Kadambari Jethwani|Kadambari Jethwani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kadambari-Jethwani-set-for-Tollywood-debut/articleshow/45751097.cms|title=Kadambari Jethwani set for Tollywood debut|accessdate=4 January 2015|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
*Sayaji Shinde
*Avinash
*Raja Ravindra
}}
| producer = Vikram Raju
| director = Raaj Kumar Reddy
| cinematography = V Ravi Kumar
| editing = S. R. Sekhar
| music = Hari Nikesh
| released = {{Film date|2015}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Ouija''''' (also known as ''Ouija: Game Never Ends'') is a 2015 [[Kannada]]-language [[supernatural horror film]] produced by Vikram Raju under the Vega Entertainment banner. The movie is directed by Raaj Kumar Reddy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Ouijas-team-haunted-by-ghosts/articleshow/45842795.cms|title=Ouija's team haunted by ghosts|work=The Times of India |date=11 January 2015 |accessdate=11 January 2015|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> The film stars Bharath, [[Shraddha Das]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141118/entertainment-tollywood/article/shraddha-das-shoots-ouija-langkawi|title=Shraddha Das shoots for 'Ouija' in Langkawi|date=18 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> [[Gayathri Iyer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Risk-lurks-beyond-glitz/articleshow/46218506.cms|title=Risk lurks beyond glitz|accessdate=12 February 2015|publisher=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> Madhuri Itagi, Kadambari Jethwani, [[Sayaji Shinde]], Avinash, Raja Ravindra and Raghu Kunche. The films' music has been composed by Hari Nikesh. The stunt sequences in the film were directed by action director William Ong. All five songs for the film have been choreographed by Raghu Master. The major portion of this film was shot in [[Malaysia]] and Bangalore with a few scenes being shot in Hyderabad. The film was dubbed in Telugu as ''Aata''.
''Ouija'' was released in India on 6 November 2015.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
* Bharat as Bala Raju
* [[Shraddha Das]] as Maaya
* [[Gayathri Iyer]] as Kshetra
* [[Madhuri Itagi]] as Krishna
* Kadambari Jethwani as Niharika
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Iliyas
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Santan Fakhir
* [[Raja Ravindra]] as KK
* [[Raghu Kunche]] as Dheeraj
* Ganesh Shankar as Sridhar
* [[Naveen Krishna]]
* Ajay Raj
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 18:03
| title1 = Nam Sexy Looksu..
| lyrics1 = Naveen Krishna
| extra1 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
| length1 = 04:01
| title2 = Na Nano Car...
| lyrics2 = Naveen Krishna
| extra2 = Deepak, Sharmila
| length2 = 03:07
| title3 = I'm A Poison Lady..
| lyrics3 = Naveen Krishna
| extra3 = Sharmila
| length3 = 04:05
| title4 = Lets Start The Game..
| lyrics4 = Naveen Krishna
| extra4 = Ujjayinee Ray
| length4 = 04:26
| title5 = Boom Boom Boom
| lyrics5 = Naveen Krishna
| extra5 = Sharmila
| length5 = 03:17

}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5159734}}

[[Category:2015 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 horror films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2010s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Malaysia]]

10th Class Diaries

2026-03-03T09:15:53Z

MeredithRodrigue: started new article initial version

{{Short description|2022 film by Garudavega Anji}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 10th Class Diaries
| image = 10th-Class-Diaries.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Anji (cinematographer)|Anji]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story = Vennela Ramarao
| based_on = 
| producer = Achut Rama Rao P. Ravi Teja Manyam
| starring = [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Sriram]] [[Avika Gor]] [[Srinivasa Reddy]] Vennela Ramarao [[Himaja]] [[Veda Sastry|Archana]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Anji
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| music = S. Chinna
| studio = Anvitha Avani Kreation SR Movie Makers
| distributor = Ajay Mysore Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''10th Class Diaries''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[coming-of-age]] [[romantic comedy]]<ref name=toi/> film directed and filmed by [[Anji (cinematographer)|Garudavega Anji]] (in his directorial debut) from a story written by Vennela Ramarao. The film stars [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Sriram]], [[Avika Gor]], [[Srinivasa Reddy]], Ramarao, [[Himaja]] and [[Archana Shastry|Archana]].

''10th Class Diaries'' was theatrically released on 1 July 2022.

== Plot ==
Somu is an affluent NRI who returns from the US for a reunion with his schoolmates in India. When his childhood sweetheart Chandini doesn't turn up, Somu continues his search for her.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}

*[[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Sriram]] as Somayaji a.k.a. Somu
*[[Avika Gor]] as Chandini
**TikTok Nithyasree as young Chandini
*[[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Half Boil
*[[Himaja]] as Nagalakshmi
*Vennela Ramarao as Gourav
*[[Veda Sastry|Archana]] as Soumya
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Chandini's father
*Rajeswari Nair
*[[Siva Balaji]]
*[[Madhumitha]]
*Sanjay Swaroop as Psychiatrist
*[[Bhanu Sri Mehra|Bhanu]]
*[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as Gourav's wife
*[[Thagubothu Ramesh]]
* Gemini Suresh
* Ambati Srinivas
*Jabardast Ramu
* [[Chitram Srinu]]
*Jabardast Borababu
*Ganapati
*[[Shivaji Raja]]
*[[Rupa Lakshmi]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film began production in early 2021.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Anji and Sriram were to work together on a Tamil film and came together instead for this film, which is based on an event in producer Achut Ramarao's life.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} This film marks the directorial debut of cinematographer Anji and is his 50th film as a cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181021/renowned-lens-man-anji-turns-director.html|title=Renowned lens man Anji turns director|first=Deccan|last=Chronicle|date=18 October 2021|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=21 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221070133/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181021/renowned-lens-man-anji-turns-director.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/director-garudavega-anji-about-10th-class-diaries-movie-1467054|title=ఆమె పెళ్లి చేసుకోకుండా అలాగే ఉండిపోయింది: డైరెక్టర్|date=29 June 2022|website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703184554/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/director-garudavega-anji-about-10th-class-diaries-movie-1467054|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is about the reunion of 10th standard classmates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/noted-cinematographer-garudavega-anji-to-debut-as-a-director-711108|title=Noted Cinematographer 'Garudavega' Anji To Debut As A Director|date=16 October 2021|website=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016050026/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/noted-cinematographer-garudavega-anji-to-debut-as-a-director-711108|url-status=live}}</ref> Avika Gor plays a character older than herself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/060222/10th-class-diaries-a-nostgalic-ride-avika-gor.html|title=10th Class Diaries, a nostgalic ride: Avika Gor|first=Sashidhar|last=Adivi|date=6 February 2022|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703112914/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/060222/10th-class-diaries-a-nostgalic-ride-avika-gor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot in [[Chikmagalur]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Sri Lanka]] and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/avika-gors-next-10th-class-diaries-talks-about-friendship-career-goals|title=Avika Gor's next '10th Class Diaries' talks about friendship, career goals|date=6 November 2021|website=[[Telangana Today]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205151506/https://telanganatoday.com/avika-gors-next-10th-class-diaries-talks-about-friendship-career-goals|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by S. Chinna.<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Class Diaries Songs: 10th Class Diaries MP3 Telugu Songs by Suresh Bobbili Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/10th-class-diaries |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704145028/https://gaana.com/album/10th-class-diaries |archive-date=4 July 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Silaka Silaka
| extra1 = Revanth
| lyrics1 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| length1 = 4:09
| title2 = Egirey Egirey
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]
| lyrics2 = Suresh Gangula
| length2 = 4:22
| title3 = Piya Piya
| extra3 = Yasaswi Kondepudi
| lyrics3 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| length3 = 4:32
| title4 = Kurravada Kurravada
| extra4 = Nutana Mohan
| lyrics4 =[[Kasarla Shyam]]
| length4 = 3:27
| title5 = Yenneno Andhala Bangaru Chiluka
| extra5 = [[Mangli]]
| lyrics5 = Chaitanya Prasad
| length5 = 3:13
| total_length = 19:43
}}

== Release and reception ==
''10th Class Diaries'' was theatrically released on 1 July 2022. Initially, the film was scheduled to be released on 4 March 2022.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} It was later pushed back to 24 June 2022, before postponing to the current date.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' opined that "What works in favour of the film is its light-hearted humour, the effervescent feeling of love, cinematic and peppy vibe after the interval and impressive performances by the lead and supporting actors".<ref name=toi>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/10th-class-diaries/movie-review/92586928.cms|title=10th Class Diaries Movie Review: An honest effort which shines in parts|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082655/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/10th-class-diaries/movie-review/92586928.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Calling it "mixed memories," a reviewer from [[NTV (Indian TV channel)|NTV]] appreciated the storyline and cinematography but pointed out uninspiring screenplay and music as its minus points.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/tenth-class-diaries-movie-review-189675.html|title=Tenth Class Diaries Review: టెన్త్ క్లాస్ డైరీస్|date=1 July 2022|website=[[NTV (Indian TV channel)|NTV Telugu]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703181121/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/tenth-class-diaries-movie-review-189675.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanju of [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] felt that despite faltering at times, Anji has succeeded in delivering a good film in his directorial debut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1467517|title=స్కూల్ డేస్ ను గుర్తు చేసే 'టెన్త్ క్లాస్ డైరీస్' రివ్యూ|date=1 July 2022|website=Sakshi|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703181119/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1467517|url-status=live}}</ref> Aithagoni Raju of [[Asianet News Network|''Asianet News Telugu'']] opined that ''10th Class Diaries'' takes the viewers down their memory lanes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raju |first=Aithagoni |date=1 July 2022 |title=10th Class Diaries Review: టెన్త్ క్లాస్ డైరీస్ మూవీ రివ్యూ.. |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-reb1os |access-date= |website=[[Asianet News Network]] |language=te |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707134745/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-reb1os |url-status=live }}</ref> In a more critical review, ''[[ABP Desam]]'' rated 1/5, writing that the screenplay tests the patience of the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 July 2022 |title='టెన్త్ క్లాస్ డైరీస్' రివ్యూ: స్కూల్ డేస్ లవ్వే కాదు, అంతకు మించి – సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-sriram-avika-gor-srinivasa-reddy-vennela-rama-rao-himaja-starrer-10th-class-diaries-review-rating-in-telugu-39966 |access-date= |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707134746/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/10th-class-diaries-movie-review-sriram-avika-gor-srinivasa-reddy-vennela-rama-rao-himaja-starrer-10th-class-diaries-review-rating-in-telugu-39966 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2020s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Foreign films set in the United States]]
[[Category:Films set in Miami]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Films shot in the United States]]
[[Category:2022 direct-to-video films]]

Dayar e Shauq Mera

2026-03-02T12:33:20Z

MeredithRodrigue: added initial stub w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Anthem of Jamia Millia Islamia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title = Dayar-e-shauq mera
| english_title = This is the land of my hopes
| author = Mohammed Khaliq Siddiqui
| lyrics_date = 1964
| composer =
}}
'''''Dayar e Shauq Mera''''' ({{Langx|hi|दयार-ए-शौक़ मेरा}}, {{Langx|ur|دیار شوق میرا}}) or '''''Diyar e Shauq Mera''''' is the [[Tarana]] of the central university [[Jamia Millia Islamia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sen |first=Ashok Kumar |date=2019-09-18 |title=Satish Jamali ji Ki Kahani "Yuddh me Majdur Sangharsh" |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.0510.201903 |journal=Anusanadhan: A Multidisciplinary International Journal |language=Hindi |volume=04 |issue=1 |pages=11–13 |doi=10.24321/2456.0510.201903 |s2cid=213694173 |issn=2456-0510|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ:دیار شوق میرا |url=https://www.urdu.awazthevoice.in/india-news/the-story-of-jamia-millia-islamia-31253.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=urdu.awazthevoice.in |language=ur}}</ref> The lyrics were written by Mohammed Khaliq Siddiqui in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Nivedita |date=2019-12-23 |title=Dayaar-E-Shauq Mera – Land of my Hopes: Faiz Ullah |url=https://kafila.online/2019/12/23/dayaar-e-shauq-mera-land-of-my-hopes-faiz-ullah/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=KAFILA - COLLECTIVE EXPLORATIONS SINCE 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Nilanjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awCeEAAAQBAJ&dq=dayare+shauq+mera&pg=PT209 |title=Beyond the Madrasa: Muslim Communities and Educational Institutes in India Today |date=2022-12-30 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-80130-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlZ0AAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7 |title=انتخاب سخن |date=1983 |publisher=اتّر پردیش اردو اکادمى، |language=ur}}</ref> The Tarana is recited every year during the Foundation Day celebration and all official functions{{efn|convocation, prize distribution, on visits by guests, political leaders and foreign dignitaries}} at Jamia Millia Islamia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmood |first=Tahir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGqbAAAAMAAJ&q=dayare+shauq+mera |title=Politics of Minority Educational Institutions: Law and Reality in the Subcontinent |date=2007 |publisher=ImprintOne |isbn=978-81-88861-03-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=739 Uzma Azhar, Jamia ka tarana: anthem of hope |url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2021/739/739_uzma_azhar.htm |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.india-seminar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date= 1968|title=Indian Dances: Their History and Growth by Rina Singha and Reginald Massey (review) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1968.0048 |journal=Modern Drama |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=454 |doi=10.1353/mdr.1968.0048 |s2cid=160575810 |issn=1712-5286|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urduliterature.org/m1172904-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7?ln=urd|title=دیار شوق میرا  دیار شوق میرا}}</ref>

== History ==
During the 44th Foundation Day of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] in 1964, Mohammad Khaliq Siddiqui (1922-1981) released a poem in the journal "Jamia" (as Gumnam Jamaii’/ Anonymous Jamaii).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Verda Subzwari |date=2022-10-09 |title='It's Like an Open Jail Now,' Students & Alumni Lament How Jamia Has Changed |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/its-like-an-open-jail-now-students-alumni-lament-how-jamia-has-changed |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> This poem gained immense popularity. Hilal Ahmed Khan, the music teacher at Jamia during that time, composed a melody for the poem, which eventually became the official anthem of Jamia Millia Islamia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=739 Uzma Azhar, Jamia ka tarana: anthem of hope |url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2021/739/739_uzma_azhar.htm |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.india-seminar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Asad |date=2023-01-30 |title=As a Jamia Alumnus, I Feel It's Not the Place to Screen BBC's Modi Documentary |url=https://www.thequint.com/opinion/bbc-modi-documentary-jamia-millia-islamia-students-detained |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-19 |title=Why an Old Video of Jamia Milia Students Singing Their Anthem is Going Viral Now |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/why-an-old-video-of-jamia-milia-students-singing-their-anthem-is-going-viral-now-2429475.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
== Note ==
{{notelist}}
*
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.jmi.ac.in/About-Jamia/Profile/History/Jamia-Tarana Dayar-e-shauq mera] on [[Jamia Millia Islamia|Jamia Millia Islamia's official website]]
[[Category:Institutional songs]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia]]
[[Category:1964 songs]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:mera, Dayar-e-shauq}}
{{Authority control}}

Pune Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-27T22:15:51Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created Basic Article Nd Citations

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pune
| type = LS
| constituency_no = 34
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Pune.map}}
| map_caption =Pune Lok Sabha Constituency map
| established = 1952–present
| incumbent_image = Murlidhar Mohol.png
| mp = [[Murlidhar Mohol]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| assembly_cons = [[Vadgaon Sheri Assembly constituency|Vadgaon Sheri]] [[Shivajinagar, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]] [[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud]] [[Parvati Assembly constituency|Parvati]] [[Pune Cantonment Assembly constituency|Pune Cantonment]] [[Kasba Peth Assembly constituency|Kasba Peth]]
}}
'''Pune''' (formerly spelt '''Poona''') Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
The six vidhan sabha seats covered by Pune (पुणे) constituency have been frequently rearranged due to changing demography and population explosion in the area. Seats like [[Shukrawar Peth Assembly constituency|Shukrawar Peth]] (1962-1977) and [[Defunct Vidhan Sabha Seats in Maharashtra|Bhawani Peth]] no longer exist. Presently, Pune Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archive-date=25 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|208
|[[Vadgaon Sheri Assembly constituency|Vadgaon Sheri]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Pune District|Pune]]
|[[Bapusaheb Pathare]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|NCP-SP]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|209
|[[Shivajinagar, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]]
|[[Siddharth Shirole]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|210
|[[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud]]
|[[Chandrakant Patil]]
|-
|212
|[[Parvati Assembly constituency|Parvati]]
|[[Madhuri Misal]]
|-
|214
|[[Pune Cantonment Assembly constituency|Pune Cantonment]] (SC)
|[[Sunil Kamble]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|215
|[[Kasba Peth Assembly constituency|Kasba Peth]]
| [[Hemant Rasane]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Members of Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 Indian general election|1951]]
|[[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]]{{efn|Poona Central}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Indira Anant Maydeo]]{{efn|(Poona South)}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| [[Narayan Ganesh Gore|Narayan Gore]]
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| [[Shankarrao More]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| [[Shreedhar Mahadev Joshi|Shreedhar Joshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Mohan Dharia]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]

|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| [[Anna Joshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[Vitthal Tupe]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[Pradeep Rawat (politician)|Pradeep Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[Anil Shirole]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[Girish Bapat]] †
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Murlidhar Mohol]]
|}
* {{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Murlidhar Mohol]]
| votes = 584,728
| percentage = 52.94
| change = {{down}}8.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Ravindra Dhangekar]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 461,690
| percentage = 41.80
| change = {{up}}12.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Vasant More
| party =Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
| votes = 32,012
| percentage = 2.90
| change = {{down}}3.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the above]]
| votes = 7,460
| percentage = 0.68
| change = {{down}}0.38
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 1,23,038
| percentage = 11.14
| change = {{down}}20.22
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 11,04,769
| percentage = 53.57
| change = {{up}}3.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Girish Bapat]]
| votes = 632,835
| percentage = 61.13
| change = {{increase}}3.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Mohan Joshi (politician)|Mohan Joshi]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 308,207
| percentage = 29.77
| change = {{increase}}4.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
| candidate = Anil Jadhav
| votes = 64,793
| percentage = 6.26
| change = ''new''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the above]]
| votes = 11,001
| percentage = 1.06
| change = {{increase}}0.41
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 324,628
| percentage = 31.36
| change = {{decrease}}0.41
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 10,35,654
| percentage = 49.89
| change = {{decrease}}4.22
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2477.htm?ac=77 | title = Constituency-wise results: Pune | publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 2014-05-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140520083604/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2477.htm?ac=77 | archive-date = 20 May 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Anil Shirole]]
| votes = 569,825
| percentage = 57.33
| change = {{increase}}22.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Vishwajeet Kadam]]
| votes = 254,056
| percentage = 25.56
| change = {{decrease}}12.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
| candidate = Deepak Paigude
| votes = 93,502
| percentage = 9.41
| change = {{decrease}}0.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Subhash Shankarrao Ware
| votes = 28,657
| percentage = 2.88
| change = ''new''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Imtiyaz Peerzade
| votes = 14,727
| percentage = 1.48
| change = {{decrease}}7.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = NOTA
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 6,438
| percentage = 0.65
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 315,769
| percentage = 31.77
| change = {{increase}}28.27
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 993,278
| percentage = 54.11
| change = {{increase}}13.45
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = {{increase}}19.22
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| votes = 279,973
| percentage = 38.11
| change = {{decrease}}10.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Anil Shirole]]
| votes = 254,272
| percentage = 34.61
| change = {{decrease}}6.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
| candidate = Ranjeet Shirole
| votes = 75,930
| percentage = 10.34
| change = ''new''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = D. S. Kulkarni
| votes = 62,981
| percentage = 8.57
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
| party = [[People's Guardian|PG]]
| candidate = Arun Bhatia
| votes = 30,340
| percentage = 4.13
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 25,701
| percentage = 3.50
| change = {{decrease}}0.81
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 7,34,641
| percentage = 40.66
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 373,774
| percentage = 48.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Pradeep Rawat (politician)|Pradeep Rawat]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 300,598
| percentage = 39.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Arun Bhatia
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 60,237
| percentage = 7.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 73,176
| percentage = 9.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 769,018
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Pradeep Rawat (politician)|Pradeep Rawat]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 304,955
| percentage = 41.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Mohan Joshi (politician)|Mohan Joshi]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 213,670
| percentage = 29.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Vitthal Tupe]]
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| votes = 198,738
| percentage = 27.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 91,285
| percentage = 12.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 732,654
| percentage = 52.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Vitthal Tupe]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 434,915
| percentage = 52.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 341,697
| percentage = 41.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Avinash Dharmadhikari]]
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 34,219
| percentage = 4.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 93,218
| percentage = 11.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 823,793
| percentage = 59.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Suresh Kalmadi]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 390,778
| percentage = 50.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Girish Bapat]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 303,783
| percentage = 39.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Namdeo Dhasal]]
| party = Republican Party of India
| votes = 56,185
| percentage = 7.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 86,995
| percentage = 11.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 771,356
| percentage = 57.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Anna Joshi]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 250,272
| percentage = 44.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 233,334
| percentage = 41.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Sambhajirao Kakade
| party = Janata Dal
| votes = 72,377
| percentage = 12.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 16,938
| percentage = 3.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 566,027
| percentage = 48.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 296,051
| percentage = 43.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Anna Joshi]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 287,870
| percentage = 42.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Atur Sangtani
| party = Janata Dal
| votes = 57,837
| percentage = 8.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Jaidev Gaikwad
| party = Republican Party of India
| votes = 25,825
| percentage = 3.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 8,181
| percentage = 1.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 678,858
| percentage = 64.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: [[Pune]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 311,278
| percentage = 60.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Jagannathrao Joshi]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 112,924
| percentage = 21.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = [[Mohan Dharia]]
| party = Janata Party
| votes = 53,182
| percentage = 10.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Jaidev Gaikwad
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 20,796
| percentage = 4.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 198,354
| percentage = 38.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 515,541
| percentage = 66.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Pune<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4117-general-election-1980-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]]
| votes = 215,161
| percentage = 50.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Narayan Ganesh Gore]]|party=Janata Party|votes=186,331|percentage=44.00|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shyamkant More|party=Janata Party (Secular)|votes=9,356|percentage=2.21|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 28,830
| percentage = 6.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=423,433|percentage=57.87|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Pune<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = [[Mohan Dharia]]
| votes = 209,922
| percentage = 55.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| candidate = Vasant Thorat
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 1,61,755
| percentage = 42.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 48,167
| percentage = 12.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 376,666
| percentage = 62.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: [[Poona]]<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mohan Dharia]]
| votes = 208,150
| percentage = 58.97
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| candidate = [[Rambhau Mhalgi]]
| votes = 113,662
| percentage = 32.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Samyukta Socialist Party
| candidate = [[Bhai Vaidya]]
| votes = 15,275
| percentage = 4.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Bhagwant Ghate
| votes = 6,453
| percentage = 1.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 94,488
| percentage = 26.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 352,998
| percentage = 67.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Samyukta Socialist Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: [[Poona]]<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Samyukta Socialist Party
| candidate = [[Shreedhar Mahadev Joshi|Shreedhar Joshi]]
| votes = 150,696
| percentage = 51.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]]
| votes = 137,158
| percentage = 47.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = A. G. Bhide
| votes = 3,396
| percentage = 1.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 13,538
| percentage = 4.65
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 291,250
| percentage = 69.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Samyukta Socialist Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election]]: [[Poona]]<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Shankarrao More]]
| votes = 115,402
| percentage = 43.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| candidate = [[Narayan Ganesh Gore]]
| votes = 66,996
| percentage = 25.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = [[Pralhad Keshav Atre]]
| votes = 58,862
| percentage = 21.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| candidate = [[Jagannathrao Joshi]]
| votes = 26,755
| percentage = 9.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 48,406
| percentage = 18.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 268,015
| percentage = 64.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Praja Socialist Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election]]: [[Poona]]<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| candidate = [[Narayan Ganesh Gore]]
| votes = 143,822
| percentage = 59.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]]
| votes = 99,586
| percentage = 40.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 44,236
| percentage = 18.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 243,408
| percentage = 68.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Praja Socialist Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1951===
====Poona Central====
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: Poona Central<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4111-general-election-1951-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]]
| votes = 102,692
| percentage = 53.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
| candidate = [[Keshavrao Jedhe]]
| votes = 42,200
| percentage = 21.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Party (India, 1948)
| candidate = [[Shreedhar Mahadev Joshi|Shreedhar Joshi]]
| votes = 32,333
| percentage = 16.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
| candidate = Kashinath Mahajan
| votes = 15,181
| percentage = 7.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 60,492
| percentage = 31.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 192,406
| percentage = 47.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

====Poona South====
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: Poona South}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Indira Maydeo]]
| votes = 114,720
| percentage = 63.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Party (India, 1948)
| candidate = Shridhar Limaye
| votes = 32,432
| percentage = 18.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
| candidate = Shanta More
| votes = 32,137
| percentage = 17.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 82,288
| percentage = 45.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 179,289
| percentage = 47.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
}}

{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Pune district]]
* [[Baramati Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Shirur Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Maval Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191010151333/https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/pune/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Pune lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{Pune district topics}}
{{coord|18.5|73.9|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Pune district]]
[[Category:Pune]]

Commissioner of the Delhi Police

2026-02-27T04:03:47Z

MeredithRodrigue: added basic details w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Head of the Delhi Police}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Commissioner of Police [[Delhi]]
| insignia = File:Director_General_of_Police.png
| insigniasize = 100px
| insigniacaption = Rank Insignia of the Police Commissioner (Director General Rank)
| image =
| residence = [[New Delhi]] [[Delhi]]
| appointer = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India]]
| termlength = 60 years of age (whichever earlier)
| termlength_qualified = Renewable at Ministry's pleasure
| constituting_instrument = The Delhi Police Act, 1978<ref name="Manual">{{cite web|url=http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/home/rti/manual-5.htm|title=Rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records for discharging functions|publisher=Delhi Police|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226180220/http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/home/rti/manual-5.htm|archive-date=26 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="charter">{{cite web |url= http://humanrightsinitiative.org/publications/police/delhi_police_act_1978.pdf |format= PDF |title= The Delhi Police Act, 1978 |publisher= humanrightsinitiative.org}}</ref>
| formation = 1978
| succession =
| deputy = The Special Commissioner(s) of Police {{small|(one or more)}}
| inaugural = J. N. Chaturvedi
| website = [https://www.delhipolice.nic.in/SANDESH.html Office of the Commissioner]
| footnotes =
| body =
| incumbent = Satish Golcha, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] 
| incumbentsince = 22 August 2025
| native_name = दिल्ली पुलिस कमिश्नर
| department = [[Delhi Police]]
| reports_to = * [[Union Home Minister]]
* [[Union Home Secretary]]
}}

The '''Commissioner of Police, Delhi''' or '''Delhi Police Commissioner''' is the head of the [[Delhi Police]], the law enforcement agency of the 15 [[Districts of Delhi Police|police districts]] (as of January 2019) of India's capital, [[Delhi]].

==Origins==
In 1966, the [[Government of India]] constituted the Delhi Police Commission headed by Justice G.D. Khosla to investigate problems faced by Delhi Police. It was on the basis of the Khosla Commission Report that the Delhi Police was reorganised. Four Police districts were constituted: North, Central, South and New Delhi. The Delhi Police Commission also recommended the introduction of [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Police Commissioner]] system, which was eventually adopted on 1 July 1978.

Following the recommendations of "Khosla Commission", Commissioner of Police system in [[Delhi]], the capital of [[India]] was started in 1978, with J.N. Chaturvedi being appointed as the first Police Commissioner of Delhi. It replaced the earlier [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]] system, where the Inspector General of police would report to the [[Divisional Commissioner (India)]] of Delhi, thus having a dual authority in effect. The Commissioner system brought an end to this dual authority as since then the appointed Commissioner of Police is of [[Director General of Police]] (DGP) reports to the Union Home Minister and the Lt Governor.

The longest serving Commissioner of Delhi Police is [[Krishan Kant Paul]] who served for 42 months (2004-2007).<ref name=KK>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/kk-paul-is-new-governor-of-meghalaya-former-delhi-police-commissioner-replaces-ranjit-shekhar-mooshahary/cid/279545|title=KK Paul is new governor of Meghalaya|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=2 July 2013 | accessdate=11 March 2019}}</ref>

==Incumbent police commissioner==
The incumbent Commissioner of Delhi Police is Satish Golcha, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] who took office on 22 August 2025 .

==Former police commissioners==
[[File:Delhi Police Headquarters.jpg|thumb|Delhi Police Headquarters]]

{| class="wikitable" width=50%
! #
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 1
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | J.N. Chaturvedi
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 1978
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jan 1980
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 2
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | P.S. Bhinder
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jan 1980
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Dec 1981
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 3
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Bajrang Lal
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Dec 1981
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1983
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 4
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | S.C. Tandon
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1983
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Nov 1984
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 5
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | S.S. Jog
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Nov 1984
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1985
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 6
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Ved Marwah]]
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1985
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1988
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 7
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Raja Vijay Karan
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1988
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Dec 1990
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 8
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Arun Bhagat
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Dec 1990
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 1992
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 9
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | M.B. Kaushal
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 1992
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jan 1995
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 10
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]]
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jan 1995
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1997
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 11
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | T.R. Kakkar
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Apr 1997
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | May 1998
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 12
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | V.N. Singh
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | May 1998
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jun 1999
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 13
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Ajay Raj Sharma
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 1999
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jun 2002
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 14
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | R.S. Gupta
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 2002
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2004
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 15
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Krishan Kant Paul]]
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2004
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 2007
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 16
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Y.S. Dadwal
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 2007
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Nov 2010
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 17
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | B.K. Gupta
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Nov 2010
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jun 2012
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 18
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Neeraj Kumar (police officer)|Neeraj Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/oldcpdelhi.html | title=FORMER COMMISSIONERS OF DELHI POLICE | publisher=[[Delhi Police]] | date=2 May 2013 | accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/tihar-dg-neeraj-kumar-named-delhi-police-commissioner/968037/| title= Tihar DG Neeraj Kumar named Delhi Police Commissioner| date=29 June 2012}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jun 2012
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 2013
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 19
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Bhim Sain Bassi]]<ref>[http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/b-s-bassi-to-be-new-delhi-police-commissioner-25131.html B S Bassi to be new Delhi Police Commissioner]</ref>
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jul 2013
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2016
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 20
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Alok Verma|Alok Kumar Verma]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/alok-verma-takes-charge-as-delhis-new-police-commissioner-1282378 |title=Alok Takes Charge As Delhi's New Police Commissioner |date=29 February 2016 | publisher=NDTV | accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2016
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Jan 2017
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 21
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Amulya Patnaik]]
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2017
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Feb 2020
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 22
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | S.N.Srivastava
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | March 2020
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | June 2021
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 23
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | Balaji Srivastava ''(Interim)''
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | July 2021
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | July 2021
|-
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 24
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Rakesh Asthana]]
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | July 2021<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trivedi |first1=Saurabh |title=Rakesh Asthana appointed Delhi Police Commissioner |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rakesh-asthana-appointed-delhi-police-commissioner/article35573925.ece |access-date=28 July 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=28 July 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#DDEEFF | July 2022
|-
|25
|[[Sanjay Arora (officer)|Sanjay Arora]]
|Aug 2022
|July 2025
|-
|26
|[[Shashi Bhushan Kumar Singh]] ''(Interim)''
|Aug 2025
|Aug 2025
|-
|27
|[[Satish Golcha]]
|Aug 2025
|[[Incumbent]]
|}

==Controversy==
Opposition parties questioned the appointment of [[Rakesh Asthana]], a 1984-Gujarat cadre IPS officer, as the Commissioner, who was appointed to the post on 27 July 2021, just before 4 days of his superannuation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=For Rakesh Asthana, new role as Delhi Police Commissioner comes as vindication |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/for-rakesh-asthana-new-role-as-delhi-police-commissioner-comes-as-vindication/article35577887.ece |access-date=29 July 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=28 July 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Congress questions appointment of Rakesh Asthana as Delhi Police chief |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/congress-questions-appointment-of-asthana-as-delhi-police-chief-7427500/ |access-date=29 July 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=29 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Police Commissioner of Mumbai]]
* [[Police Commissioner of Kolkata]]
* [[Commissioner of Pune City Police]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:New Delhi]]
[[Category:Chiefs of police| ]]
[[Category:Indian police chiefs]]
[[Category:Delhi Police]]

Shanti (TV series)

2026-02-27T02:33:04Z

MeredithRodrigue: Added a details v1

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Serial drama]]
| creator =
| writer =
| director = Adi Pocha
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Shanti (TV series)#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 780<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec13/sunday/filmtv.htm|title=Real life Shanti|date=December 13, 1998|accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref>
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 24 minutes
| company = [[UTV Software Communications]]
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1994}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Shanti - Ek Ghar Ki Kahani''' (transl. Peace - Story of a Home)'' is an Indian television series that aired on [[DD National]] in 1994. The series stars [[Mandira Bedi]] as Shanti.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indiarelatednews.com/2007/09/15/shanti-the-serial-that-launched-mandira-bedi/ |title=Shanti: The serial that launched Mandira Bedi |access-date=9 November 2010 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615132836/http://indiarelatednews.com/2007/09/15/shanti-the-serial-that-launched-mandira-bedi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/media/story/19970707-tv-serial-swabhimaan-completes-500-episodes-on-dd1-832593-1997-07-07|title=TV serial Swabhimaan completes 500 episodes on DD1|date=7 July 1997}}</ref>

==Plot==
Every character has a past and has something hidden, it all gets revealed when Shanti, an aspiring [[journalist]] hoping to write the biographies of Kamesh and Raj, arrives. The duo only approve of a movie when it is appreciated by the [[servant]]s of the house and tell of how they went from [[rags to riches]].

Then are shown the family members, Kamesh's eldest son Ramesh is mentally challenged. Younger son Somesh is a failing director struggling over the script which gets rejected even by his own father. His vengeful wife Ayesha is the daughter of a film producer whose career was ruined by the duo. His [[Adoption|adopted]] daughter Nidhi was revealed to be the illegitimate daughter of Kamesh. Raj's wife took to Ashrams and Sadhus, while his youngest son Nihal returns with an American woman Michelle, who accidentally revealed that she is his wife. His elder daughter Maya is drawn to [[Depression (mood)|depression]] by her mother's absence, while his [[Womanizing|womanizer]] elder son Rohan is forced to marry a model Sasha after she threatens to come out to the press.

All this is witnessed by Shanti who too has a dark past because one of them is her biological father. Shanti's mother was a [[laborer]] working during the construction of Shanti Mansion who was [[rape]]d by both Kamesh and Raj.

==Cast==
* [[Mandira Bedi]] as Shanti
*Mohini Sharma as Tulsi
* [[Rajesh Tailang]] as Manu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rajesh-tailang-first-of-many-6515895/|title=First of Many: Rajesh Tailang revisits Shanti|date=22 July 2020}}</ref>
* [[Amit Behl]] as Vijay
* [[Anup Soni]] as Shekhar
* [[Yatin Karyekar]] as Kamesh Mahadevan
* Jyotsna Karyekar as Maa
* Vijay Aidasani as Somesh Mahadevan
* Sumukhi Pendse/Joan David as Ayesha Mahadevan
* [[Iravati Harshe]] as Nidhi Mahadevan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010902/spectrum/tv.htm|title = The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television}}</ref>
* [[Richa Ahuja]] as Nidhi Mahadevan
* [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] as Sanjay
* [[Amar Talwar]] as Raj 'G.J.' Singh
* [[Anita Kanwal]] as Indu Singh
* Sanjeev Kapadia as Nihaal
* [[Sukanya Kulkarni]] as Maya
* Salim Fatehi Rohan Singh
* Jitu Shastri as Ramesh Mahadevan
* Amikev Singh as Sasha
* [[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Sasha<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ashwini-kalsekar-shanti-first-tv-show-6360520/|title=First of Many: Ashwini Kalsekar revisits Shanti|date=6 May 2020}}</ref>
* Sunil Shende as Bhandari/Bhai
* [[Rajesh Jais]] as Nanu
*Nissar khan as Munna

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0389681}}

{{Star Plus Shows}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1994 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:UTV Television]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:1998 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema in fiction]]

Vertical City, New Town

2026-02-22T22:18:52Z

MeredithRodrigue: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[FinTech Hub#Vertical City]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to section}}
{{R from merge}}
}}

Atul Karwal

2026-02-22T19:36:28Z

MeredithRodrigue: started some page added tags

{{Short description|Indian police officer}}
[[File:Atul Karwal.jpg|thumb|Atul Karwal, Photo from his stint as the Director of [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy|Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel National Police Academy]]]]
'''Atul Karwal''' is an Indian police officer.
He served as the Director of [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy|National Police Academy]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atul Karwal appointed National Police Academy Director |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/191219/atul-karwal-appointed-national-police-academy-director.html |access-date=24 October 2025 |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=19 December 2019 }}</ref> and also as the Director General of [[National Disaster Response Force]].<ref>{{cite web | last1=Deshpande | first1=Abhinay | title=Atul Karwal appointed NDRF chief | work=The Hindu | date=11 November 2021 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/atul-karwal-appointed-ndrf-chief/article37446734.ece#google_vignette }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NDRF |first=Government of India |title=DGs of NDRF |url=https://www.ndrf.gov.in/dg-list |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=National Disaster Response Force}}</ref> Karwal climbed [[Mount Everest]] in May 2008 and became the first Indian civil servant to do so.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 March 2021 |title=This IPS officer dons different caps at once |url=https://telanganatoday.com/this-ips-officer-dons-different-caps-at-once |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>

== Career ==
He joined the elite [[Indian Police Service]] in 1988 and was [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] in five districts in the State of Gujarat ([[Valsad district|Valsad]], [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]] Rural, [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]], [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]], [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]), and [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]] in [[Vadodara]], [[Surat]] and Ahmadabad. He was also Commandant, State Reserve Police Force, Group 13, Rajkot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Sangeeta |date=10 November 2021 |title=IPS Atul Karwal appointed as new NDRF Director General |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/ndrf-director-general-ips-atul-karwal-appointed-as-new-ndrf-dg-1636519594-1 |access-date=24 October 2025 |website=Jagran Josh}}</ref>

As Assistant Director (Outdoor Training) in [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]], Hyderabad, from 1998-2002, he trained 4 batches of Indian Police Service officers. As [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General of Police]], he served as DIG Planning and Modernization, in DGP Office, Gandhinagar. As [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector-General of Police]], he served as IG, Anti-Terrorist Squad, Gujarat, Joint CP (Traffic) and Joint CP, Sector-2, Ahmedabad City, Jt. Director, Gujarat Police Academy. As Inspector General of Police, he commanded 23 battalions of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] in [[Kashmir Valley]] in the late 2010s. He was also IG (Training), [[Central Reserve Police Force|Central Reserve Police Force(CRPF]]), IG (Personnel) CRPF and [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General]] (Personnel), CRPF, before joining the National Police Academy as Director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 2021 |title=Gujarat cadre IPS Atul Karwal appointed DG of NDRF |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2021/11/09/gujarat-cadre-ips-atul-karwal-appointed-dg-of-ndrf/ |work=Desh Gujarat}}</ref>

As the head of the National Disaster Response Force, he coordinated [[Operation Dost|Operation Dost]], the [[Rescue operation|search and rescue operation]] initiated by the [[Government of India]] to aid [[Syria]] and [[Turkey]], after the [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |title=NDRF DG recalls heart-warming moments of 'Operation Dost' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/ndrf-dg-recalls-heart-warming-moments-of-operation-dost/videoshow/98126857.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref>

He is an ultra-marathoner, a triathlete, a Black Belt in martial arts and trained in scuba diving.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Bharti |date=5 September 2020 |title=PM Modi praises Gujarat IPS officer's role during his chief ministerial days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-praises-gujarat-ips-officers-role-during-his-chief-ministerial-days/articleshow/77944044.cms |access-date=24 October 2025 |work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=December 2021 |title=Of grit, vigour & service |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/Dec/01/of-grit-vigour-service-2390145.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He has authored a book titled ''Think Everest: Scaling Mountains with the Mind''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Think Everest: Scaling Mountains with the Mind |publisher=Viva Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-8130919546}}</ref> and occasionally contributes Op-eds in national dailies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Biparjoy relief ops set an aspirational benchmark |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/biparjoy-relief-ops-set-an-aspirational-benchmark-101687875159570.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=NDRF chief writes: How we moved a mountain to rescue the trapped workers in Uttarakhand |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ndrf-chief-how-we-moved-mountain-to-rescue-trapped-workers-uttarakhand-9047220/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
He has been awarded the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|Police Medal]] for meritorious service in 2010 and the [[President's Police Medal]] for distinguished service in 2016. He received the Police Medal for Gallantry twice, on Republic Day 2020 and Independence Day 2020 for leading operations in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |title=First-Ever Everester Bureaucrat, This Fitness Freak IPS Has Trained Scores of IPS |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/feature-stories-on-bureaucrats-changemakers/tales-from-the-legends/first-ever-everester-bureaucrat-this-fitness-freak-ips-has-trained-scores-of-ips/ |website=Indian Masterminds}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NDRF DG, CRPF ASI killed in Pulwama attack awarded gallantry medals |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ndrf-dg-crpf-asi-killed-in-pulwama-attack-awarded-gallantry-medals/articleshow/90743712.cms |access-date=24 October 2025 |website=Economic Times |date=9 April 2022 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karwal, Atul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian police chiefs]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]

Anil Bora

2026-02-22T00:16:09Z

MeredithRodrigue: started some details and citations

{{Short description|Student leader and second martyr of the Medium movement in Assam}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anil Bora (অনিল বৰা)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1951|10|02}}
| birth_place = Palashani village, [[Nagaon district]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|10|07|1951|10|02}}
| death_place = [[Hojai]], Nagaon district
| other_names =
| known_for = Martyr in Assamese medium movement, 1972
| occupation =
}}

'''Anil Bora''' (2 October 1951 – 7 October 1972) was a student youth leader and a martyr of the [[Assamese Language Movement#Medium of Instruction Movement|Medium of Instruction Movement]] in Assam.<ref name="hilltimes">{{cite web |title=Death anniversary of martyr observed |url=https://thehillstimes.in/assam/death-anniversary-of-martyr-observed |website=The Hill Times |access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref> Born in 1951 in Palashani village near [[Nagaon]], he passed matriculation and higher secondary from Nagaon Govt. H.S. School and enrolled in Nagaon College with Zoology as a major. He was a nationalist and joined the language movement when he was serving as the general secretary of the Students' Union of Nagaon College. He was assassinated by miscreants at [[Hojai]] on 7 October 1972 while leading a group of students from Nagaon to Hojai in support of a protest call by the student organization.<ref name="Tale">{{cite web |title=Tale of two villages & their martyr duo |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/tale-of-two-villages-amp-their-martyr-duo/cid/1529332 |website=The Telegraph online |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref> In his remembrance, [[Bhupen Hazarika]] wrote in Amar Pratinidhi magazine: “Martyr Anil Bora was the reddest Palash in Palashani, whose brilliance has added the hue of dawn to the sky of our language, and will continue to do so till the Luit flows...”.<ref name="Bhupen">{{cite journal |last1=Hazarika |first1=Bhupen |title=Sahid Anil Bora |journal=Amar Pratinidhi |date=1973 |volume=13 |issue=5|publisher=Sribhumi Publishing company |location=Kolkata}}</ref>

== Childhood and education==
Anil Bora was born just after midnight on October 2, 1951, in Palashani village near Nagaon, [[Assam]], to teachers Chandra Charan Bora and Maniki Bora. His father, Chandra Charan Bora, later became the headmaster of the primary school and, as a devoted follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], was jailed for three years for his participation in the [[Indian Independence Movement]].<ref name="rupram">{{Cite book |last=Sut |first=Rupram |title=Basattarar Madhyam Andolanar Sahid Anil Bora |year=1986 |edition=First |publisher=Publisher unknown |location=Guwahati |pages=10 |language=Assamese}}</ref>

Anil Bora began his formal education in 1956 at Karayani L. P. School, Nagaon, where he earned a scholarship. He initially attended Karayani High School before transferring to Nagaon Govt. H. S. School in 1964, where he completed his matriculation and higher secondary education. He then enrolled at [[Nagaon University|Nagaon College]], majoring in Zoology. Shortly after enrolling in college, Anil Bora was elected as the general secretary of the institution's Students' Union. Demonstrating his popularity and leadership skills, he was also simultaneously elected the assistant general secretary of the Nagaon branch of the [[All Assam Students' Union]] (AASU).<ref name="Bora">{{cite news |last1=Bora |first1=Priti Rekha |title=Sahid Anil Bora |agency=Dainik Asom |publisher=The Assam Tribune |date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

==Participation in Medium of Instruction Movement==
{{Main|Assamese Language Movement}}

===Background===
In March 1972, a [[Gauhati University]] circular permitted students to answer examination questions in Bengali in addition to Assamese and Bengali. This decision sparked a protest among some Assamese students. While they accepted the provision for students from Cachar, their opposition centered on the application of the Bengali language option within the Brahmaputra Valley.<ref>Dainik Asom (editorial), 7 June 1972.</ref> In response to the protests, the university quickly reversed its position, declaring that only Assamese and English would be accepted in examination answer scripts. This sudden change, however, provoked fresh protests in Cachar and some other places, eventually escalating the matter to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Bengali students at Hojai College protested this decision and gheraoed the principal. The police arrived later, at 11:00 PM, to rescue the principal and others. Following this, the students organized a procession that same night and decided to observe a strike. At this time, Anil Bora, who was at Nagaon College, traveled to Hojai with a few colleagues. He met with prominent Bengali student leaders, including Paritosh Pal Choudhury, and argued in favor of the Assamese medium of instruction. This led to a heated argument between him and the local leaders there. In 15 September 1972 AASU raised the demand to make Assamese as the medium of instruction up to the graduate level in addition to English language.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} In 23 September 1972, it was proposed in the Legislative Assembly that the two universities of Assam will adopt Assamese as the main language of instruction in Brahmaputra valley while a new university would be set up in [[Barak Valley]]. AASU called for Bandh on 5 October 1972. It was observed in all places of Assam except Hojai where a section of people protested against the Bandh. It turned violent in some places including [[Kharupetia]] where a young boy, [[Mozammil Haque]], died.

===Protests===
In response to this tragic event, the All Assam Students' Union called for a Black Day protest from October 7 to 13. Anil Bora was a key participant, actively campaigning and urging the public to support the Language of Medium movement. A significant public meeting was organized on October 7 at Jubilee Ground in Nagaon, demanding justice for Martyr Mozammil Haque. While attending the event, Anil Bora learned of a group of students traveling toward Hojai by car and decided to bring the students back. He along with a few friends headed to Hojai but was stopped at Nilbagan by the [[Sub-inspector]] and the Officer-in-Charge along with a police force. At the request of Anil Bora and friends, the permission for taking out a silent protest was granted.<ref name="Deka">{{cite book |last1=Deka |first1=Meeta |title=Student Movements in Assam |date=1996 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=Noida |isbn=9780706998825 |page=206 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Student_Movements_in_Assam/N5XkAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=%22Anil%20Bora%22%20-wikipedia |access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref>

==Death==
Upon reaching Hojai, Anil Bora and his companions learned that a frenzied mob was waiting for the student protesters. Sensing imminent danger, Bora convinced everyone to turn back, personally helping them get into their cars. Unable to secure a ride himself, he and two friends started walking toward Nagaon. They were suddenly ambushed by a mob; while his friends managed to escape, Anil Bora was struck on the head and fell.<ref name="Bora"/> He went missing for ten days. On October 17, his headless body was tragically discovered inside a bag on a riverbank, three kilometers from Nagaon.<ref name="Pratidin">{{cite news |title=Bhasar Hoke Pran diya Anil Bora |url=https://www.asomiyapratidin.in/homepage/anil-boras-death-anniversary |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=Asamiya Pratidin |publisher=Pratidin |date=7 October 2022}}</ref> His head was never recovered. News of the brutal killing sparked a massive uproar across Nagaon and Assam. His body was brought first to Nagaon College, then to Jubilee Field, and finally to his native village. He was ultimately cremated at Nehrubali, on the premises of the Nagaon Sahitya Sabha.<ref name="Sarma">{{cite news |last1=Sarma |first1=Rituparna |title=Madhyam Andolanar Sahid Anil Bora |url=https://newsasn.com/node/2253 |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=News ASN |date=6 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sentinel">{{cite news |title=Martyr Anil Bora Remembered on his 46th Death Anniversary |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/martyr-anil-bora-remembered-on-his-46th-death-anniversary |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=The Sentinel |date=9 October 2018}}</ref>

==Legacy==
7 October is observed as a Memorial day every year in honor of martyr Anil Bora.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anil Bora's 53rd Memorial Day was observed with day-long programs |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/as/anil-bora/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=Akashvani news |publisher=Govt. of India |date=7 October 2025}}</ref> A statue of Anil Bora was inaugurated in 2010 at the site of his cremation.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news |title=Martyr Anil Bora's statue inaugurated in Nagaon |url=https://assamtribune.com/martyr-anil-boras-statue-inaugurated-in-nagaon |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=The Assam Tribune |date=15 September 2010}}</ref> Another statue was inaugurated at Anil Bora H. S. School at his birthplace in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Statue of Martyr Anil Bora unveiled in Nagaon |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/assamese/assam/state/nagaon/martyr-anil-boras-statue-inaugurated-in-nagaon/assam20221019191130647647730 |access-date=7 October 2025 |agency=ETV Bharat |publisher=Ramoji Group |date=19 October 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bora, Anil}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nagaon district]]

Prashant Goswami

2026-02-10T02:31:32Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created Initial Article V1

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Prashant Goswami
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Dr. Prashant Goswami Goswami at [[Majuli College]], 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Assam]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Climatology]] | [[Atmospheric model]]ing }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[IIT Kanpur]] | [[CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation|Fourth Paradigm Institute]] | [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research]] | [[École Normale Supérieure]] | [[National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies|NISTADS]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Guwahati University]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on the tropical atmospheric variability
| awards = {{ublist | 2001 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|S. S. Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Prashant Goswami''' (born 1959) is an Indian computational geoscientist, climatologist and the director of the [[National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies]], New Delhi. He is a former scientist at the Fourth Paradigm Institute (formerly [[CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation]])<ref name="India losing 'virtual water' through food exports">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/india-losing-virtual-water-through-food-exports-115041900217_1.html |title=India losing 'virtual water' through food exports |date=19 April 2015 |newspaper=Business Standard}}</ref> and is known for his studies on the tropical atmospheric variability across the time scales.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=468 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2001.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
[[File:IISc Main Building.jpg|thumb|235px|left|Indian Institute of Science]]
Prashant Goswami, born on the New Year's Day of 1959 in the Northeast Indian state of [[Assam]], did his master's degree in physics at [[Guwahati University]] and secured a PhD from the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1982; his doctoral thesis was in mathematical and theoretical physics.<ref name="Dr. Prashant Goswami, Director">{{Cite web |url=http://nistads.res.in/index.php/about-us/director |title=Dr. Prashant Goswami, Director |date=2016 |publisher=National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193646/http://nistads.res.in/index.php/about-us/director |archive-date=22 October 2017 }}</ref> After completing his post-doctoral studies at IISc, he joined the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] as a visiting professor and in 1993, he moved to the [[CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation]] (C-MMACS) (presently known as Fourth Paradigm Institute) as a scientist where he became the head of the Climate and Environmental Modelling Programme. He served the institute for over 22 years till his move to the [[National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies]] (NISTADS) as its director in November 2015. In between, he also served as a visiting professor at [[École Normale Supérieure]] during 2001–03 and as the dean of the Mathematical and Information Science at the [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research]].<ref name="Dr. Prashant Goswami, Director" />

Goswami is known to have pioneered ''long-range, high-resolution dynamical forecasting of monsoon in India'' for which he developed innovative methodologies, algorithms, models and applications.<ref name="Dr. Prashant Goswami, Director" /> His team is reported to have studies [[Cyclone Neelam]] that affected the southern parts of India in October 2012 which he has detailed in an article published in 2013.<ref name="Wind Analysis of Cyclone">{{Cite book |last=Krushna Chandra Gouda, Nagaraj Bhat, Prashant Goswami |title=Proceedings of the Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering |chapter=Wind Analysis of Cyclone "Neelam" using Remote Sensing and Reanalysis Data |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/met.253/full |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=170–178 |date=2013 |doi=10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_230|isbn=978-981-07-8011-1 }}</ref> His studies have been documented in several peer-reviewed articles;<ref name="Publications">{{Cite web |url=https://www.labome.org/expert/india/goswami/prashant-goswami-2189718.html |title=Publications |date=2016 |publisher=LaBome}}</ref><ref name="Shivnarayan Nishad">{{Cite web |url=https://csir4pi.academia.edu/ShivNarayanNishad/CurriculumVitae |title=Shivnarayan Nishad |date=2016 |publisher=Shivnarayan Nishad}}</ref> [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles, has listed 131 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Prashant_Goswami |title=On ResearchGate |date=2016 }}</ref> He contributed to the ''Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]''<ref name="Lead Authors">{{Cite web |url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/contributors/chapter/chapter-14 |title=Lead Authors |date=2016 |publisher=IPCC Working Group}}</ref> and was one of the lead authors of the Chapter 14, ''Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change''.<ref name="Change2014">{{cite book|author=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4gaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1482|date=24 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-05799-9|pages=1482–}}</ref> He was a member of the Steering and Program Organizing Committee of the International Conference Energy & Meteorology (ICEM) 2015<ref name="Steering and Program Organizing Committee 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://icem2015.org/abouticem/steering-programme-organising-committee/ |title=Steering and Program Organizing Committee 2015 |date=2015 |publisher=International Conference Energy & Meteorology}}</ref> and retains his place in the committee for the 2017 conference.<ref name="Steering and Program Organizing Committee 2017">{{Cite web |url=http://www.wemcouncil.org/wp/conferences/organising-committees/ |title=Steering and Program Organizing Committee 2017 |date=2016 |publisher=World Energy & Meteorology Council}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2001.<ref name="Earth Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |title=Earth Sciences |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200915/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Prashant Goswami, Upadhayula Suryanarayana Murty, Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni, Avinash Kukkuthady, Swathi Trithala Krishnan |title=A Model of Malaria Epidemiology Involving Weather, Exposure and Transmission Applied to North East India |journal=PLOS ONE |date=27 November 2012 |volume=7 |issue=11 |article-number=e49713 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0049713|pmid=23209594 |pmc=3507888 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...749713G |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Jurismita Baruah, Prashant Goswami |title=Dynamical model of daily CO concentration over Delhi: assessment of forecast potential |journal=Current Science |date=10 April 2015 |volume=108 |issue=7 |pages=1369–1374}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Munnu Singh, Neha Guleria, Eranki Prakasa Rao, Prashant Goswami |title=Efficient C sequestration and benefits of medicinal vetiver cropping in tropical regions |journal=Agronomy for Sustainable Development |date=2014 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=603–607 |doi=10.1007/s13593-013-0184-3|s2cid=17766882 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234805 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Krushna Chandra Gouda, Nagaraj Bhat, Prashant Goswami |pages=1101–1108 |date=2013 |doi=10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_230|isbn=978-981-07-8011-1 |chapter=Wind Analysis of Cyclone "Neelam" using Remote Sensing and Reanalysis Data |title=Proceedings of the Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Prashant Goswami, Himesh Shivappa, Santhaveeranna Goud |title=Comparative analysis of the role of domain size, horizontal resolution and initial conditions in the simulation of tropical heavy rainfall events |journal=[[Meteorological Applications]] |date=June 2012 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=170–178 |doi=10.1002/met.253|bibcode=2012MeApp..19..170G |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Prashant Goswami and Swapan Mallick |title=Objective Bias Correction for Improved Skill in Forecasting Diurnal Cycles of Temperature over Multiple Locations: The Summer Case |journal=[[Weather and Forecasting]] |date=February 2011 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=26–43 |doi=10.1175/2010WAF2222407.1|bibcode=2011WtFor..26...26G |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Prashant Goswami, Swapan Mallick and K. C. Gouda |title=Objective Debiasing for Improved Forecasting of Tropical Cyclone Intensity with a Global Circulation Model |journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]] |date=August 2011 |volume=139 |issue=8 |pages=2471–2487 |doi=10.1175/2011MWR3600.1|bibcode=2011MWRv..139.2471G |doi-access=free }}

== See also ==
* [[Kolluru Sree Krishna]]
{{portal|India|Geology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|50em}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/09/27/stories/0227000p.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |title=10 scientists chosen for Bhatnagar awards |date=27 September 2001 }}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/health/report-climate-model-may-help-predict-malaria-outbreaks-in-india-1670911 |title=Climate model may help predict malaria outbreaks in India |date=2016 |publisher=DNA India|work=News report}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goswami, Prashant}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Indian geophysicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the École normale supérieure (Paris)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kanpur]]
[[Category:Indian climatologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]

Mohammad Islam Khan

2026-02-08T17:46:27Z

MeredithRodrigue: cleanup

{{short description|Indian glycobiologist and scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mohammad Islam Khan
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 24 December 1957
| birth_place = India
| death_date = November 2010
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Glycobiology]] | [[Nanobiotechnology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[University of Göttingen]] | [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] | [[National Chemical Laboratory]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Science]] | [[Aligarh Muslim University]] | [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Lectin]]s and [[peptides]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1987 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Young Scientist Award | 1992 [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]] Young Scientist Award | 2002 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}
'''Mohammad Islam Khan''' (24 December 1957 – November 2010) was an Indian [[Glycobiology|glycobiologist]] and a scientist at the [[National Chemical Laboratory]]. Known for his studies on the biology of [[Lectin]]s, Khan was an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]], [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]] and the [[Muslim Association for the Advancement of Science]]. The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2002.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:IISc Main Building.jpg|thumb|left|Indian Institute of Science]]
[[File:Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEM.jpg|thumb|235px|Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
Born on the [[Christmas Eve]] of 1957,<ref name="MAS fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://mahascience.org/files/Fellowship/files/academyMembers.htm#k |title=MAS fellow |date=2017-12-06 |website=Maharashtra Academy of Sciences |access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref> Mohammad Islam Khan obtained an MSc in biotechnology in 1978 and joined the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] (IICB) as a faculty, simultaneously doing his doctoral research at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] which earned him a PhD in 1986 from [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name="National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niscair.res.in/sciencecommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k3/csirnews_15june03.htm |title=National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan |date=15 June 2003 |website=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref> Moving to the US, he did his post-doctoral work at [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] during 1987–90 and on his return to India in 1990, he joined the [[National Chemical Laboratory]] (NCL) as a scientist where he spent the rest of his career, barring a stint at the [[University of Göttingen]] during 2000–01 as an overseas associate of the [[Department of Biotechnology]]. He was holding the post of a scientist at the Division of Biochemical Sciences of NCL when he died in November 2010, aged 53.<ref name="Peptides for treating cancer">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncl-india.org/files/DisplayResource.aspx?ResourceId=6c5310e2-777a-4ed5-bc67-2022232ec273&OriginalFileName=frd87.pdf |title=Peptides for treating cancer |date=2017-12-05 |website=National Chemical Laboratory |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Khan was known for his contributions in the disciplines of [[glycobiology]] and [[nanobiotechnology]] with special focus on the biology of [[lectins]].<ref name="National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan" /> His work was known to have assisted in widening our understanding of cell adhesion. He demonstrated the role of yeast cell surface lectins in the adhesion of yeast cells which is also known as [[flocculation]]. He isolated [[Fusarium sporotrichioides]] from [[rose]] plant which has since been deposited by him at the [[National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms]] (NCIM), a government-funded microbial culture repository based at NCL.<ref name="strain no. LR11">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncl-india.org/files/NCIM/CatalogueDetails.aspx?NCIMNo=1330&menuid=ql4 |title=strain no. LR11 |date=2017-12-06 |website=National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) |access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref> The research team under his leadership was successful in isolating a peptide from [[Streptomyces]] that showed potency as an inhibitor of [[Cysteine protease]]s and the finding is reported to have use in the [[prophylaxis]] of cancer by preventing the migration of cancer cells.<ref name="Peptides for treating cancer" /><ref name="Isolation, Structure, and Functional Elucidation of a Modified Pentapeptide, Cysteine Protease Inhibitor (CPI-2081) from Streptomyces Species 2081 that Exhibit Inhibitory Effect on Cancer Cell Migration">{{Cite journal |last=Jay Prakash Singh, Sudarsan Tamang, P. R. Rajamohanan, N. C. Jima, Goutam Chakraborty, Gopal C. Kundu, Sushma M. Gaikwad, Mohamad I. Khan |title=Isolation, Structure, and Functional Elucidation of a Modified Pentapeptide, Cysteine Protease Inhibitor (CPI-2081) from Streptomyces Species 2081 that Exhibit Inhibitory Effect on Cancer Cell Migration |journal=J. Med. Chem. |volume=53 |issue=14 |pages=5121–5128 |doi=10.1021/jm9014179|pmid=20552970 |year=2010 }}</ref> Towards the latter part of his career, he worked on ''the synthesis of metal‑metal sulphides/metal oxide nanoparticles'' using fungi and it was reported that the team synthesized the nano-particles outside a cell for the first time.<ref name="National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan" /> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[PubMed]], an online article repository of scientific articles has listed several of them.<ref name="Khan MI [Author] ">{{Cite journal |title=Khan MI [Author] |journal=Biochemical Pharmacology |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=1903–4 |date=2017-11-21 |pmid = 20|last1 = Barthel|first1 = W.|last2=Markwardt |first2=F. |doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90415-3}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
The [[Indian National Science Academy]] awarded Khan the INSA Young Scientist Medal in 1987.<ref name="INSA Young Scientists Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php |title=INSA Young Scientists Medal |date=2017-11-12 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2017-11-12 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511084357/https://www.insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Five years later, he received the 1992 Young Scientist Award of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref name="National Biosciences Award to Dr M. I. Khan" /> The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2002.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development" /> He also received the elected fellowships from three Indian science academies namely, the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]], [[Muslim Association for the Advancement of Science]] and [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="MAS fellow" />

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Shabab |first1=M. |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Mahesh J. |last3=Khan |first3=M. Islam |date=January 2008 |title=Study of papain-cystatin interaction by intensity fading MALDI-TOF-MS |journal=The Protein Journal |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=7–12 |doi=10.1007/s10930-007-9102-3 |issn=1572-3887 |pmid=17763924|s2cid=29363617 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Sahasrabuddhe |first1=Anagh A. |last2=Gaikwad |first2=Sushama M. |last3=Krishnasastry |first3=M. V. |last4=Khan |first4=M. Islam |date=December 2004 |title=Studies on recombinant single chain Jacalin lectin reveal reduced affinity for saccharides despite normal folding like native Jacalin |journal=Protein Science |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=3264–3273 |doi=10.1110/ps.04968804 |issn=0961-8368 |pmc=2287297 |pmid=15557267}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Md Idrish Raja |last2=Saha |first2=Ratan Kumar |last3=Saha |first3=Himadri |date=2017-11-25 |title=Muli bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) leaves ethanolic extract a non-toxic phyto-prophylactic against low pH stress and saprolegniasis in Labeo rohita fingerlings |journal=Fish & Shellfish Immunology |volume=74 |pages=609–619 |doi=10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.047 |issn=1095-9947 |pmid=29183812|s2cid=3625451 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nanoparticles]]
* [[Flocculation]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://lib.unipune.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/445/4/04_acknowledgement.pdf |title=Acknowledgements - 1 |last=Madhura M. Gurjar |date=2017-12-06 |website=University of Pune |access-date=2017-12-06}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2611/9/09_acknowledgments.pdf |title=Acknowledgements - 2 |last=Aijaz Ahmad Wani |date=2017-12-06 |website=Shodh Ganga |access-date=2017-12-06}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2509/4/04_acknowledgement.pdf |title=Acknowledgements - 3 |last=Feroz Khan |date=2017-12-06 |website=Shodh Ganga |access-date=2017-12-06}}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mohammad Islam}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Scientists from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Albert Einstein College of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]

2016–17 Mohun Bagan FC season

2026-02-02T19:35:16Z

MeredithRodrigue: started basic stub with sources

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
| season = [[2016–17 in Indian football|2016–17]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Sanjoy Sen]]
| chrtitle = President
| chairman = [[Swapan Sadhan Bose]]
| stadium = {{nowrap|[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]}} {{nowrap|[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]}}
| league = {{nowrap|[[I-League]]}}
| league result = '''[[2016–17 I-League|Runners-up]]'''
| league2 = {{nowrap|[[Calcutta Football League]]}}
| league2 result = '''[[2016 CFL Premier Division|3rd]]'''
| cup1 = {{nowrap|[[AFC Cup]]}}
| cup1 result = '''[[2017 AFC Cup group stage|Group stage]]'''
| cup2 = [[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
| cup2 result = '''[[2017 Indian Federation Cup Final|Runners-up]]'''
| league topscorer = [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] (7)
| season topscorer = [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] (15)
| highest attendance = 23,859 ([[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]) 9 April 2017
| lowest attendance = 1,298 ([[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] vs [[Bengaluru FC]]) 17 May 2017
| average attendance = 8,118
| pattern_la1=
| pattern_b1= _mbhome_1415
| pattern_ra1=
| pattern_sh1= _mbhome_1516
| pattern_so1= _mbhome_1516
| leftarm1= 91191B
| body1=
| rightarm1= 91191B
| shorts1=
| socks1= 91191B
| pattern_la2= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_b2= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_ra2= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_sh2= _mbhome_1415
| pattern_so2= _mbaway_1213
| leftarm2=
| body2=
| rightarm2=
| shorts2=
| socks2= FFFFFF
| prevseason = [[2015–16 Mohun Bagan FC season|2015–16]]
| nextseason = [[2017–18 Mohun Bagan FC season|2017–18]]
}}

The '''2016–17 Mohun Bagan FC season''' was the club's 10th season in [[I-League]] and 127th season since its establishment in 1889. They finished third in the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta Football League]] and runners-up in the [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]. Mohun Bagan finished third in [[2017 AFC Cup group stage|group stage]] of the [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] and ended the season as runners-up of [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]].

==Transfers==

===In===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Pre-season====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"
|-
!No.
!Pos.
!Name
!Signed from
!Ref.
|-
|31
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Monotosh Ghosh'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|42
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Agiapal Singh'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Tata Football Academy]]
|<ref name=25_sign>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/25-mohun-bagan-players-sign-at-the-ifa-office-mariners-to-play-practice-mat|url-status=dead|title=25 Mohun Bagan players sign at the IFA office|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=2 August 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919183054/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/25-mohun-bagan-players-sign-at-the-ifa-office-mariners-to-play-practice-mat}}</ref>
|-
|42
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Shibinraj K'''
|{{flagicon|India}} Indian Air Force
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/shibaji-banerjees-pep-talk-to-new-recruit-shibinraj-6818|url-status=dead|title=Shibaji Banerjee's pep talk to New Recruit Shibinraj|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=25 July 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919190745/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/shibaji-banerjees-pep-talk-to-new-recruit-shibinraj-6818}}</ref>
|-
|4
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Ashim Dey'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|17
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Deepak Devrani]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[FC Pune City]]
|<ref name=25_sign />
|-
|18
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Avinabo Bag]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|19
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Tonmoy Ghosh'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|20
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Chinta Chandrashekar Rao]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/6186-goaexit-defender-chinta-chandrashekhar-rao-leaves-sc-goa-joins-mohun-bagan|title=Defender Chinta Rao leaves SC Goa, joins Mohun Bagan|website=thefangarage.com|accessdate=20 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
|23
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|AFG|2013}} '''[[Zohib Islam Amiri|Haroon Fakruddin]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|<ref name=Amiri />
|-
|25
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Bikramjeet Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|<s>2</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Danny Seaborne]]'''
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Partick Thistle]]
|<ref name=seaborne />
|-
|5
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Dhananjoy Yadav'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|8
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Babul Biswas'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|11
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Thangjam Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai City FC]]
|<ref name=saran_singh />
|-
|13
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Sourav Das'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Tata Football Academy]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|26
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Amandeep Singh (footballer)|Amandeep Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Minerva Academy F.C.|Minerva FC]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|27
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Tapan Maity]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Southern Samity]]
|<ref name=25_sign />
|-
|29
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Raynier Fernandes'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/reneira-fernandes-to-be-included-in-the-squad-1547|url-status=dead|title=Reneira Fernandes to be included in the squad|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=28 July 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919190627/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/reneira-fernandes-to-be-included-in-the-squad-1547}}</ref>
|-
|34
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''C.L.Ruata'''
|{{flagicon|India}} Mohun Bagan SAIL Academy
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/know-your-mariner-midfielder-c.-l.-ruata-2531|url-status=dead|title=Know Your Mariner - Midfielder C. L. Ruata|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=24 July 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919190622/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/know-your-mariner-midfielder-c.-l.-ruata-2531}}</ref>
|-
|2
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''[[Daniel Bedemi]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=Bedemi />
|-
|9
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|SCO}} '''[[Darryl Duffy]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|<ref name=Duffy_in />
|-
|15
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref name=pl_signed />
|-
|28
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Simranjit Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Minerva FC]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/know-your-mariner-simranjeet-singh-6512|url-status=dead|title=Know Your Mariner - Simranjeet Singh|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=25 July 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919190630/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/know-your-mariner-simranjeet-singh-6512}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{Col-2}}

====Mid-season====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"
|-
!No.
!Pos.
!Name
!Signed from
!Ref.
|-
|1
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|<ref name=sign>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2017/01/06/31157942/i-league-2016-17-team-profile-mohun-bagan-ac-mariners-look|title=Mohun Bagan AC - Mariners look to reclaim their lost crown|website=goal.com|accessdate=7 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|14
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|EQG}} '''[[Eduardo Ferreira]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[FC Pune City]]
|<ref name=Edu_Anas>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/12/23/30777772/i-league-2016-17-mohun-bagan-sign-eduardo-ferreira-anas|title=Mohun Bagan sign Eduardo Ferreira, Anas Edathodika; to start practice from 26th December|website=goal.com|accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|17
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Subhasish Bose]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|<ref name=sign />
|-
|45
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anas Edathodika]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Delhi Dynamos F.C.|Delhi Dynamos]]
|<ref name=Edu_Anas />
|-
|27
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Pintu Mahata'''
|{{flagicon|India}} Mohun Bagan SAIL Academy
|
|-
|28
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sehnaj Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/12/11/30383492/i-league-2017-transfer-news-anwar-ali-and-sehnaj-singh-join-east-|title=Anwar Ali and Sehnaj Singh join East Bengal and Mohun Bagan respectively|website=goal.com|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{Col-end}}

===Out===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Pre-season====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"
|-
!No.
!Pos.
!Name
!Sold to
!Ref.
|-
|<s>22</s>
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Vinay Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref name=released>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2644/kolkata-league/2016/07/27/25960082/guide-calcutta-football-league?ICID=TP_HN_1|title=Calcutta Football League 2016 starts on Wednesday: Players to look out for|website=goal.com|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
|<s>2</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Danny Seaborne]]'''
|Released
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2644/kolkata-league/2016/08/09/26353772/mohun-bagan-news-daniel-seaborne-stalls-mariners-move-for|title=Daniel Seaborne stalls Mariners move for Superleague Greece chance|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=16 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
|<s>2</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Luciano Sabrosa]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>39</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Suman Hazra'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>8</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lalkamal Bhowmick]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=bhw_sign>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/06/29/25174242/shylo-malsawmtluanga-joins-second-division-side-bhawanipore|title=Shylo Malsawmtluanga joins second division side Bhawanipore after twelve years in top level football|accessdate=6 July 2016|website=goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|<s>17</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ram Malik]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=released />
|-
|<s>25</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Tirthankar Sarkar]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=released />
|-
|<s>27</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Adarsh Tamang'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>34</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Manish Bhargav]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=bhw_sign />
|-
|<s>13</s>
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|TRI}} '''[[Cornell Glen]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ozone F.C.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/08/02/26159702/i-league-update-cornell-glen-joins-bengalurus-ozone-fc|title=Cornell Glen joins Bengaluru's Ozone FC|website=goal.com|accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{Col-2}}

====Mid-season====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"
|-
!No.
!Pos.
!Name
!Sold to
!Ref.
|-
|<s>1</s>
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Arnab Das Sharma]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/21097/arnab-das-sharma|title=Player Profile – Arnab Das Sharma|website=goal.com|accessdate=6 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|<s>31</s>
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Monotosh Ghosh'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>42</s>
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Agiapal Singh'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>4</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Ashim Dey'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>5</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Dhanachandra Singh]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>17</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Deepak Devrani]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/12/28/30918282/minerva-punjab-sign-host-of-youngsters|title=Minerva Punjab FC sign Chennaiyin FC trio of Anirudh Thapa, Uttam Rai and Baoringdao Bodo|website=goal.com|accessdate=28 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|<s>18</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Avinabo Bag]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>19</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Tonmoy Ghosh'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>20</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Chinta Chandrashekar Rao]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportstarlive.com/football/steven-dias-to-lead-mumbai-football-club-in-ileague/article9459330.ece|title=Steven Dias to lead Mumbai Football Club in I-League|website=sportstarlive.com|accessdate=7 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|<s>23</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|AFG|2013}} '''[[Zohib Islam Amiri|Haroon Fakruddin]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/afghanistan/62845/haroon-fakhruddin?ICID=TP_TST_6|title=Player Profile – Haroon Fakruddin|website=goal.com|accessdate=6 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|<s>28</s>
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Abhishek Das (footballer)|Abhishek Das]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/36674/abhishek-das?ICID=TP_TST_12|title=Player Profile – Abhishek Das|website=goal.com|accessdate=6 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|<s>5</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Dhananjoy Yadav'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>8</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Babul Biswas'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>11</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Thangjam Singh]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>20</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Brandon Fernandes]]'''
|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/keenan-named-captain-of-churchill-brothers-sc/|title=Keenan named captain of Churchill Brothers SC|website=navhindtimes.com|accessdate=7 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|<s>26</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Amandeep Singh (footballer)|Amandeep Singh]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>27</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Tapan Maity]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>34</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''C.L.Ruata'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>42</s>
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lenny Rodrigues]]'''
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/story/3020399/bengaluru-sign-midfielder-lenny-rodrigues|title=Bengaluru sign midfielder Lenny Rodrigues|website=espn.in|accessdate=28 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|<s>2</s>
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''[[Daniel Bedemi]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>15</s>
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]'''
|Released
|
|-
|<s>28</s>
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Simranjit Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/89388/simranjit-singh?ICID=TP_TST_28|title=Player Profile – Simranjit Singh|website=goal.com|accessdate=6 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{Col-end}}

==Kits==
'''Supplier:''' Shiv Naresh / '''Sponsors:''' Legion

{| border-"0" style="margin:1em auto"
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la=
| pattern_b= _mbhome_1415
| pattern_ra=
| pattern_sh= _mbhome_1516
| pattern_so= _mbhome_1516
| leftarm= 91191B
| body=
| rightarm= 91191B
| shorts=
| socks= 91191B
| title=Home
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_b= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_ra= _mbaway_1415
| pattern_sh= _mbhome_1415
| pattern_so= _mbaway_1213
| leftarm=
| body=
| rightarm=
| shorts=
| socks= FFFFFF
| title=Away
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la=
| pattern_b= _mbgk_1415
| pattern_ra=
| pattern_sh=
| pattern_so= _mbgk_1617
| leftarm= 58AA5B
| body=
| rightarm= 58AA5B
| shorts= 58AA5B
| socks= 58AA5B
| title=Goalkeeper
}}
|}

==Pre-season==

===Overview===
;June

On 14 June 2016 Mohun Bagan announced that they would be fielding a junior side in the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta Football League]] which would be mentored by assistant coach Sankarlal Chakraborty. The club officials also announced that they would not be fielding a side in the exhibition matches of the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta Football League]] against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] and [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] due to disagreement with the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] over television broadcast rights sharing and match-day ticket distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/06/16/24684052/sen-to-not-lead-bagan-in-cfl?ICID=TP_HN_1|title=Sen to not lead Bagan in CFL|website=goal.com|accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref>

Mohun Bagan confirmed the signing of former [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] striker [[Darryl Duffy]] on 30 June 2016, striking a 1-year deal with the Scottish forward.<ref name=Duffy_in>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/darryl-duffy-signs-1-year-deal-with-mohun-bagan-9278|url-status=dead|title=Darryl Duffy signs 1 year deal with Bagan|accessdate=30 June 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=10 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710233239/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/darryl-duffy-signs-1-year-deal-with-mohun-bagan-9278}}</ref>

;July

Mohun Bagan started their training for the season on 6 July 2016 under the guidance of assistant coach Sankarlal Chakraborty.<ref name=pl_signed>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-starts-training-for-the-2016-17-season-7847|url-status=dead|title=Bagan start training for the 2016-17 season|accessdate=6 July 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=10 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710233316/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-starts-training-for-the-2016-17-season-7847}}</ref>

On 18 July 2016, Bagan's new striker, [[Darryl Duffy]] arrived in [[Kolkata]] and joined practice the following day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/6268-darryl-duffy-reaches-kolkata-to-join-pre-season-practice-at-mohun-bagan|title=Darryl Duffy reaches Kolkata to join pre-season Mohun Bagan practice|website=thefangarage.com|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> Mohun Bagan played their first practice match of the season against Peerless on 19 July 2016, where they went down 2–0 against their opponents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/07/19/25748752/kolkata-east-bengal-win-bagan-lose?ICID=TP_HN_HP_RI_0_2|title=East Bengal win practice match, Mohun Bagan lose|website=goal.com|accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>

On 22 July 2016, the Mariners played their second practice match of the season against a weak [[Calcutta Football Club|CFC]] and demolished their opponents 8–0. Star striker [[Darryl Duffy]] scored a brace and also found the back of the net for the first time in Green and Maroon colours, while other scorers included the lights of [[Kean Lewis]], [[Tapan Maity]] (brace), [[Pankaj Moula]], Babul Biswas, [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-gets-a-big-win-in-practice-match-1656|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan gets a big win in practice match|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=23 July 2016|archive-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812114610/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-gets-a-big-win-in-practice-match-1656}}</ref>

Mohun Bagan played their 3rd practice match of the season on 27 July 2016, against Kalyani XI, at their home ground. The Mariners won 2–0 courtesy goals from [[Darryl Duffy]] and new recruit [[Simranjit Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-wins-their-3rd-practice-match-6808|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan wins their 3rd practice match|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=28 July 2016|archive-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812132116/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-wins-their-3rd-practice-match-6808}}</ref>

;August

Mohun Bagan played their 4th and final practice match of the season on 2 August 2016, against [[2016 CFL Premier Division#Group B|premier division]] side Railway F.C. [[Darryl Duffy]] and [[Raju Gaikwad]] scored to give the Mariners a comfortable 2–0 victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/darryl-duffy-scores-yet-again-in-practice-match-2416|url-status=dead|title=Darryl Duffy scores yet again in practice match|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=2 August 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919190608/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/darryl-duffy-scores-yet-again-in-practice-match-2416}}</ref>

On 4 August 2016, Mohun Bagan announced the signing of their second foreign recruit, English defender [[Danny Seaborne]].<ref name=seaborne>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/daniel-anthony-seaborne-to-reach-kolkata-tomorrow-8313|url-status=dead|title=Daniel Anthony Seaborne to reach Kolkata on 5th August|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=4 August 2016|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807025355/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/daniel-anthony-seaborne-to-reach-kolkata-tomorrow-8313}}</ref>

===Matches===

{{Football box collapsible
|round=Practice Match
|date=19 July 2016
|report=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/07/19/25748752/kolkata-east-bengal-win-bagan-lose?ICID=TP_HN_HP_RI_0_2
|time=08:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=Peerless
|score=0–2
|goals1=
|goals2=Arghya {{goal|8||34}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=L
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Practice Match
|date=22 July 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-gets-a-big-win-in-practice-match-1656
|time=08:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Calcutta Football Club|CFC]]
|score=8–0
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|26||33|}} [[Kean Lewis|Kean]] {{goal|29}} [[Tapan Maity|Maity]] {{goal|48}} [[Pankaj Moula|Moula]] {{goal|52}} Babul {{goal|56}} [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|A.Singh]] {{goal|60}} Tonmoy {{goal|76}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Practice Match
|date=27 July 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-wins-their-3rd-practice-match-6808
|time=08:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=Kalyani XI
|score=2–0
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|45}} [[Simranjit Singh|Simranjit]] {{goal|58}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Practice Match
|date=2 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/darryl-duffy-scores-yet-again-in-practice-match-2416
|time=08:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=Railway F.C.
|score=2–0
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|80}} [[Raju Gaikwad|Raju]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|stack=Y
}}

==Competitions==

===Calcutta Football League===
{{main|2016 CFL Premier Division}}

====Overview====
;August

Mohun Bagan played their first match of the season in the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta Football League]] tie against [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]. The Mariners got off to a brilliant start in the season as they demolished their opponents 5–1, courtesy a hat-trick from [[Darryl Duffy]] and goals each from [[Prabir Das]] and [[Azharuddin Mallick]].

On 9 August 2016, Mohun Bagan announced the signing of midfielder [[Thangjam Singh]] from [[Indian Super League|ISL]] team [[Mumbai City FC]].<ref name=saran_singh>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/thangjam-saran-singh-signs-in-favour-of-mohun-bagan-8376|url-status=dead|title=Thangjam Saran Singh signs in favour of Mohun Bagan|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=9 August 2016|archive-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812091255/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/thangjam-saran-singh-signs-in-favour-of-mohun-bagan-8376}}</ref>

Mohun Bagan continued their winning run in the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta football league]], when they demolished [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]] 4–0 in their 2nd game of the season. [[Prabir Das]] was the star performer of the match scoring 2 goals while [[Darryl Duffy]] and [[Thangjam Singh]] scored the other two goals.

On 14 August 2016, the Mariners won their third consecutive match of the season propelling them to the top of the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta football league]] standings. Bagan defeated [[Southern Samity]] courtesy the solo goal of new recruit [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]. On 16 August 2016, Mohun Bagan announced the signing of [[Zohib Islam Amiri|Haroon Fakruddin]] in place of English defender [[Danny Seaborne]] who left the club on basis of a mutual understanding.<ref name=Amiri>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-ropes-in-haroon-amiri-for-calcutta-football-league-2016-5153|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan ropes in Haroon Amiri for Calcutta Football League 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=16 August 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919214702/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-ropes-in-haroon-amiri-for-calcutta-football-league-2016-5153}}</ref>

On 17 August 2016, Mohun Bagan announced the signing of their third foreigner for the [[2016 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta football league]] as they finalised a deal with Nigerian striker [[Daniel Bedemi]].<ref name=Bedemi>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-ropes-in-daniel-bidemi-1673|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan ropes in Daniel Bidemi|website=mohunbaganac.com|accessdate=17 August 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919221022/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohun-bagan-ropes-in-daniel-bidemi-1673}}</ref>

Mohun Bagan won their 4th consecutive match of the season on 18 August 2016, when they defeated [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]] 1–0, courtesy a brilliant goal from [[Thangjam Singh]].

The Mariners dropped their first points of the season, when they were held to a goalless draw by Peerless on 22 August 2016 in their 5th match of the season. This draw put them in 2nd position, 2 points behind arch rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]].

Mohun Bagan were level 1–2 against [[Tollygunge Agragami]] before the match got abandoned in the 93rd minute due to crowd trouble. Mohun Bagan were denied 3 apparently legitimate goals by the assistant referee due to offside. The decisive finish by [[Azharuddin Mallick]] in the 93rd minute was ruled out due to offside by the assistant referee. This goal could have given Mohun Bagan a 2–1 lead and a possible 3 points from the match. This decision by the referee sparked controversy and a packed gallery at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Mohun Bagan ground]] erupted into protest. Despite much effort by the club officials and police force thereof, the match could not be restarted and was declared abandoned.<ref name=abandoned>{{cite web|url=http://xtratime.in/football/mohun-bagan-withdrew-team-from-cfl-raising-question-marks-over-refereeing-in-the-tolly-match/|title=Bagan withdrew team from CFL raising question marks over refereeing in Tolly match|accessdate=29 August 2016|website=xtratime.in}}</ref>

On 31 August 2016, the [[Indian Football Association]] announced a replay of the abandoned Mohun Bagan and [[Tollygunge Agragami]] match, but kept the decisions on the date, time and venue of the match as pending.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2644/kolkata-league/2016/08/31/27049402/mohun-bagan-news-ifa-approve-replay-for-the-mariners-tainted|title=IFA approve replay for the Mariner's tainted match against Tollygunge Agragami|accessdate=2 September 2016|website=goal.com}}</ref>

;September

On 2 September 2016, Mohun Bagan finally returned to winning ways, when they defeated [[United S.C.|United]] 3–1 courtesy a brace from [[Daniel Bedemi]] and a solitary goal from [[Darryl Duffy]].

On 7 Sepeteber 2016, Mohun Bagan refused to take the field in the scheduled [[Kolkata Derby]] and gave arch-rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] a walkover, citing lack of opportunities of pre-match practice at the [[Kalyani Stadium]]. Mohun Bagan had requested the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] to postpone the match by at least one day. The association however did not heed to this request and hence Bagan did not field a team in the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-champs-in-waiting-after-bagan-s-derby-no-show-in-kolkata-league/story-qpejXMoUcfncrYnWfqANFK.html|title=East Bengal champs in waiting after Bagan’s derby no-show in Kolkata league|website=hindustantimes.com|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>

On 10 September 2016, Mohun Bagan came up with a brilliant performance against a depleted Army XI side, where they defeated the army men by 6–0. [[Daniel Bedemi]] stood out, scoring 4 of the goals by himself, while [[Darryl Duffy]] and [[Azharuddin Mallick]] added to Bagan's tally.

Mohun Bagan lost their first match of the season against [[Tollygunge Agragami]] on 15 September 2016. The Mariners failed to equalize after a 32nd minute [[Joel Sunday]] strike, as they went down 0–2 to the minnows.

On 18 September 2016, Mohun Bagan lost their final match of the league by 1–5 against city rivals [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]. This loss meant that the Green and Maroon Brigade slipped to 3rd position in the league, while [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] finished runners-up after eight long years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arunfoot.com/club-management-felicitates-mohammedan-sporting-team-cfl-runners-finish/|title=Club management felicitates Mohammedan sporting team for becoming cfl runners|accessdate=23 September 2016|website=arunfoot.com}}</ref>

Om 20 September 2016, along expected lines, the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] announced [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] the winners of the abandoned derby with a score of 3–0 in their favour. The association also announced further actions against Mohun Bagan stating that it would decide after the conclusion of the league, whether to deduct another 2 points from Mohun Bagan's tally for not informing of not playing the derby. The parent body also issued show-causes to two Mohun Bagan officials for derogatory remarks against the association.<ref name=walkover2>{{cite web|url=http://xtratime.in/football/ifa-show-causes-mohun-bagan-officials/|title=IFA show causes Mohun Bagan Officials|accessdate=23 September 2016|website=xtratime.in}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{Football box collapsible
|round=1
|date=6 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-aryan-2016-08-06
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|score=5–1
|goals1=[[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{goal|14}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|62||66||73||}} [[Azharuddin Mallick|Azhar]] {{goal|77}} Tonmoy {{yel|19}} [[Tapan Maity|Maity]] {{yel|36}}
|goals2=Kazeem {{goal|89}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Prabir Dhar
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=2
|date=10 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-george-2016-08-10
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|score=4–0
|goals1=[[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{goal|18||37}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|61}} [[Thangjam Singh|T.Singh]] {{goal|86}} [[Raju Gaikwad|Raju]] {{yel|78}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Uttam Sarkar
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=3
|date=14 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-southernsamity-2016-08-14
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Southern Samity]]
|score=1–0
|goals1=[[Ajay Singh (footballer)|A.Singh]] {{goal|80}} [[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{yel|19}} [[Sanjay Balmuchu|Balmuchu]] {{yel|86}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Pranjal Banerjee
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=4
|date=18 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-bhawanipore-2016-08-18
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|score=1–0
|goals1=[[Thangjam Singh|T.Singh]] {{goal|7}} [[Zohib Islam Amiri|Fakruddin]] {{yel|68}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Ajit Dutta
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=5
|date=22 August 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-peerless-2016-08-22
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=Peerless
|score=0–0
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=D
|referee=Tanmoy Dhar
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=7
|date=2 September 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-unitedsports-2016-09-02
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[United S.C.|United]]
|score=3–1
|goals1=[[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|19||57|}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|36}}
|goals2=Tudu {{goal|22}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Debasish Mandi
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=8
|date=7 September 2016
|report=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohun-bagan-give-walkover-to-east-bengal-in-cfl-derby
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score=0–3{{Cref2|A}}
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium=[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|result=L
|referee=Pranjal Banerjee
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=9
|date=10 September 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-armyxi-2016-09-10
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=Army XI
|score=6–0
|goals1=[[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|13||53||66||90+3}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|60}} [[Azharuddin Mallick|Azhar]] {{goal|79}} Tonmoy {{yel|77}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=W
|referee=Arabinda Bera
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=6
|date=15 September 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-tollygunge-2016-09-15
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|score=0–1
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|32}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
|result=L
|referee=Pranjal Banerjee
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=10
|date=18 September 2016
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-center/match-center-live/calcutta-football-league/mmb-md.sporting-2016-09-18
|time=14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|score=0–1
|goals1=
|goals2=Dedoz {{goal|61}}
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium=[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|result=L
|referee=Prabir Dhar
|stack=Y
}}

====Table====
{{#lsth:2016 CFL Premier Division|Standings}}

===I-League===
{{Main|2016–17 I-League}}

====Season overview====
;January

Mohun Bagan started off their [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]] campaign on 8 January 2017 with a hard fought 1–0 win against a weak [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] side. [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] was the lone scorer for the Mariners. Mohun Bagan continued their winning run into the 2nd match of the league, when they defeated [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] 2–0 at home, owing to a brace from Scottish striker [[Darryl Duffy]]. The Mariners bulldozed league newcomers [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]] by a 4–0 margin, as star player, [[Sony Norde]] made his first appearance of the season. [[Darryl Duffy]] and [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] netted in a brace each in Bagan's thumping victory over the Punjab-based side. Mohun Bagan continued their winning run in the season for the 4th consecutive match when they edged past newcomers [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]] 2–1 in an away encounter with goals from [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] and [[Sony Norde]]. Mohun Bagan played out their first draw against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]] in the 5th round of the league, with the scoreline remaining at 0–0 post 90 minutes, owing to a lackluster performance from the Green and Maroon strike force.

Mohun Bagan returned to winning ways as they got their [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] campaign running with a 2–1 away victory over Sri Lankan side [[Colombo FC|Colombo]], with [[Kean Lewis]] and [[Sehnaj Singh]] finding the back of the net for the Mariners.

;February

The Mariners returned to winning ways in the [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]] as they managed a hard fought 3–2 win against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] at home. [[Darryl Duffy]] scored the fastest goal of the league, putting the Mariners in the lead just 70 minutes into the match. He later scored the 3rd for the team and his second of the night as he converted from the spot. [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] scored the second goal for the Mariners aiding the victory.

Mohun Bagan continued their winning run in the [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] as they defeated [[Colombo FC|Colombo]] 2–1 in the home leg encounter at the [[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]. [[Sony Norde]] scored his first goal of the competition and then went onto assist [[Darryl Duffy]] for the latter's first goal of the tournament. In the late stages of the match, [[Colombo FC|Colombo]] pulled one back, but it was too little too late, and Mohun Bagan progressed to the next round 4–2 on aggregate.

Mohun Bagan were up against arch rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] in the 8th round of the league on 12 February. In a match marred by ultra-defensive play on both sides the Mariners shared points with their bitter rivals as the scoreline read 0–0. In the next match, the Mariners were held to a goalless draw at the [[Cooperage Ground|Cooperage Football Stadium]] in an away encounter against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]. Mohun Bagan finally returned to winning ways in their next match at home against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]] when they defeated the latter 3–1 courtesy a brace from [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]], while [[Katsumi Yusa]] netted his first of the season from the spot.

The Mariners returned to the [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] campaign with a 1–1 draw in an away encounter against [[Club Valencia]]. [[Darryl Duffy]] put the Green and Maroon brigade ahead in the 6th minute, while [[Club Valencia]] restored parity through a spot-kick in the 71st minute. In the return leg encounter Mohun Bagan thrashed [[Club Valencia]] 4–1, to go through to the [[2017 AFC Cup group stage|group stage]] on a 5–2 aggregate. [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] found his scoring boots as he netted in a brace, while [[Sony Norde]] scored one of the other goals.

;March

The Mariners fell to their first defeat of the season when they lost 2–1 to [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] in an away encounter. [[Prabir Das]] gave the Green and Maroon brigade the lead, only to be nullified twice in the second half. Mohun Bagan failed to return to winning ways in their home encounter against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] where they played out a 2–2 draw courtesy goals from [[Pritam Kotal]] and [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]. The Mariners were up against [[Bengaluru FC]] in an [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]] away encounter next, where they played out a respectable goalless draw after being brought down to 10 men, courtesy a double yellow card to [[Subhasish Bose]].

They were up against the same opponents in the [[2017 AFC Cup group stage|group stage]] encounter of the [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] 3 days later at the same venue. This time around, Mohun Bagan went down 2–1 to their opponents even after taking a 1st half lead, courtesy a spot kick strike from skipper [[Katsumi Yusa]].

;April

The Green and Maroon brigade came out recharged after the international break, as they drubbed [[Bengaluru FC]] 3–0 at home, to come back strongly in the title race. The skipper [[Katsumi Yusa]] scored a brace, while the other goal was scored by [[Darryl Duffy]].

Mohun Bagan took their winning ways into the [[2017 AFC Cup group stage|AFC Cup group stage]] where they sailed past Bangladeshi club [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] 3–1 to register their first win in the [[2017 AFC Cup group stage|group stage]]. [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]], [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] and [[Sony Norde]] found the back of the net to give the Mariners a crucial 3 points.

On 9 April 2017, Mohun Bagan were once again up against arch-rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] in the [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]. It was the Haitian, [[Sony Norde]] who opened the scoring for Bagan in the 36th minute, while 7 minutes later youngstar [[Azharuddin Mallick]] came up with a pitch of a strike to make it 2–0 for the Mariners. In the 2nd half, [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] made the job even more difficult for themselves as [[Willis Plaza]] was given the marching orders by the referee for an off the ball push on [[Anas Edathodika]]. In the late stages of injury time [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] did manage to pull one goal back, through [[Rowllin Borges]], but it proved too little too late.

====Matches====
{{Football box collapsible
|round=1
|date=8 January 2017
|report=http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/751_Match_Summary_V1_1483891969.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score=1–0
|goals1=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{goal|28}} [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|43}} [[Subhasish Bose|S.Bose]] {{sentoff|2|55|64}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Barasat]]
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]
|attendance=10,228
|result=W
|referee=A.Meetei
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=2
|date=13 January 2017
|report=http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/754_Match_Summary_V1_1484323413.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score=2–0
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|21||77|}} [[Pronay Halder|Pronay]] {{yel|84}}
|goals2=[[Zodingliana Ralte|Z.Ralte]] {{yel|54}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=4,555
|result=W
|referee=[[Rowan Arumughan|R. Arumughan]]
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=3
|date=17 January 2017
|report=http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/759_Match_Summary_V1_1484660390.pdf
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|score=4–0
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|16||32|}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|28||77|}} [[Eduardo Ferreira|Eduardo]] {{yel|75}}
|goals2=[[Manandeep Singh|Manandeep]] {{yel|69}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=7,551
|result=W
|referee=O.Thakur
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=4
|date=21 January 2017
|report=http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/764_Match_Summary_V1_1485015573.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=1–2
|goals1=[[Marcos Thank|Thank]] {{goal|52}} [[Yumnam Raju|Raju]] {{yel|16}} [[Zohib Islam Amiri|Fakruddin]] {{yel|44}}
|goals2=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|57}} [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|77}}
|location=[[Chennai]]
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance=3,500
|result=W
|referee=[[Rowan Arumughan|R. Arumughan]]
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=5
|date=24 January 2017
|report=http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/768_Match_Summary_V1_1485273236.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=0–0
|goals1=[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Jerry]] {{yel|16}} [[Sairuat Kima]] {{yel|69}}
|goals2=[[Pronay Halder|Pronay]] {{yel|63}}
|location=[[Pune]]
|stadium=[[Balewadi Sports Complex]]
|attendance=1,547
|result=D
|referee=P.Singh
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=7
|date=4 February 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/801_Match_Summary_V1_1486225217.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score=3–2
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|2||86|pen.}},{{yel|86}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|63}} [[Subhasish Bose|S.Bose]] {{yel|57}} [[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{yel|68}}
|goals2=[[Jayesh Rane|Rane]] {{goal|41}} [[Ashutosh Mehta|A.Mehta]] {{goal|70}} [[Lalruatthara]] {{yel|68}} [[Alfred Jaryan|Alfred]] {{yel|83}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=5,222
|result=W
|referee=A.Meetei
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=[[Kolkata Derby|8]]
|date=12 February 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/810_Match_Summary_V1_1486906540.pdf
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=0–0
|goals1=[[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{yel|44}} [[Mehtab Hossain|Mehtab]] {{yel|67}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Siliguri]]
|stadium=[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|attendance=29,067
|result=D
|referee=[[C. R. Srikrishna|C.R.Srikrishna]]
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=9
|date=15 February 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/813_Match_Summary_V1_1487174701.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=0–0
|goals1=[[Djelaludin Sharityar|Sharityar]] {{yel|58}} [[Alex Willian|Alex]] {{yel|87}}
|goals2=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{yel|60}}
|location=[[Mumbai]]
|stadium=[[Cooperage Ground|Cooperage Football Stadium]]
|attendance=3,126
|result=D
|referee=T.Nagvenkar
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=10
|date=18 February 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/853_Match_Summary_V1_1487424180.pdf
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|score=3–1
|goals1=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{goal|42||44|}},{{yel|16}} [[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|88|pen.}} [[Pronay Halder|Pronay]] {{yel|72}} [[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{yel|74}}
|goals2=[[Milan Singh|Milan]] {{goal|33}},{{yel|21}} [[Sairuat Kima]] {{yel|65}} [[Gouramangi Singh|Gouramangi]] {{yel|88}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=3,856
|result=W
|referee=R.Venkatesh
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=12
|date=4 March 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/860_Match_Summary_V1_1488645954.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=2–1
|goals1=[[Anthony Wolfe|Wolfe]] {{goal|65}} [[Chesterpoul Lyngdoh|Chesterpoul]] {{goal|75}} [[Brandon Fernandes|Brandon]] {{yel|88}}
|goals2=[[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{goal|24}} [[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{yel|38}} [[Prabir Das|Prabir]] {{yel|74}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{yel|90+5}}
|location=[[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]]
|stadium=[[Tilak Maidan Stadium|Tilak Maidan]]
|attendance=3,927
|result=L
|referee=R.Venkatesh
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=13
|date=8 March 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/869_Match_Summary_V1_1488979906.pdf
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|score=2–2
|goals1=[[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{goal|12}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2=[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi]] {{goal|21}} [[Victorino Fernandes|Victorino]] {{goal|22}} [[Densil Theobald|Theobald]] {{yel|60}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=3,256
|result=D
|referee=R.Saha
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=14
|date=11 March 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/870_Match_Summary_V1_1489248789.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=0–0
|goals1=[[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{yel|27}} [[Marjan Jugović|Jugović]] {{yel|84}} [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|87}}
|goals2=[[Subhasish Bose|S.Bose]] {{sentoff|2|9|68}} [[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{yel|83}} [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|90+2}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=10,124
|result=D
|referee=[[C. R. Srikrishna|C.R.Srikrishna]]
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=6
|date=1 April 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/927_Match_Summary_V1_1491062877.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|score=3–0
|goals1=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|14||53||}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|25}}
|goals2=[[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|81}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=6,420
|referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|stack=Y
|result=W
|note=The match originally scheduled for 1 February 2017; Postponed due to [[2017 AFC Champions League]] and [[2017 AFC Cup]] qualifiers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/02/01/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/bengaluru/2383762/|title=Mohun Bagan vs Bengaluru FC|accessdate=6 February 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=15
|date=9 April 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/880_Match_Summary_V1_1491755269.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score=2–1
|goals1=[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|36}} [[Azharuddin Mallick|Azhar]] {{goal|43}},{{yel|44}} [[Raju Gaikwad|Raju]] {{yel|17}}
|goals2=[[Rowllin Borges|Borges]] {{goal|90+2}} [[Willis Plaza|Plaza]] {{sentoff|0|66}} [[Gurwinder Singh|Gurwinder]] {{yel|71}} [[Chris Payne (footballer)|Payne]] {{yel|76}}
|location=[[Siliguri]]
|stadium=[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|attendance=23,859
|result=W
|referee=[[Rowan Arumughan|R. Arumughan]]
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=11
|date=12 April 2017
|report= https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/858_Match_Summary_V1_1492003317.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=1–1
|goals1=[[Aser Pierrick Dipanda|Dipanda]] {{goal|78|pen.}} [[Samuel Shadap|Shadap]] {{yel|55}}
|goals2=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|75}} [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|55}}
|location=[[Shillong]]
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance=6,400
|result=D
|referee= O.P.Thakur
|stack=Y
|note=The match originally scheduled for 25 February 2017; Postponed due to [[2017 AFC Cup]] qualifiers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xtratime.in/sony-norde-suffers-meniscal-tear-in-left-knee-as-per-mri-reports/|title=Sony Norde suffers meniscal tear in left knee, as per MRI reports|website=xtratime.in|accessdate=16 February 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=16
|date=15 April 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/884_Match_Summary_V1_1492273612.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=0–1
|goals1=[[Krishna Pandit|Pandit]] {{yel|62}}
|goals2=[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|84}},{{yel|84}} [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|43}}
|location=[[Ludhiana]]
|stadium=[[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=5,169
|result=W
|referee=A.Meetei
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=17
|date=22 April 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/1040_Match_Summary_V1_1492859896.pdf
|time=14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|score=1–0
|goals1=[[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{yel|52}} [[Ashutosh Mehta|Mehta]] {{yel|69}} [[Zohmingliana Ralte|Z.Ralte]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{yel|60}} [[Eduardo Ferreira|Eduardo]] {{yel|86}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{yel|90+3}}
|location=[[Aizawl]]
|stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
|result=L
|referee=Rahul Kumar Gupta
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=18
|date=30 April 2017
|report=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/1192_Match_Summary_V1_1493568364.pdf
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|team2=[[Chennai City FC]]
|score=2–1
|goals1=[[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|35}} [[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|45+2}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{yel|63}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|77}} [[Debjit Majumder|Debjit]] {{sent off|0|79}} [[Souvik Chakraborty|Souvik]] {{yel|89}}
|goals2=[[Nanda Kumar|Nandakumar]] {{goal|31}} W.Vaz {{yel|76}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=6,252
|referee=Tejas Viswasrao Nagvenkar
|stack=Y
|result=W
}}

====Table====
{{:2016–17 I-League|showteam=MB}}

====Results by round====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Round

|label1= Ground
| res1=[[Barasat Stadium|H]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|A]] /[[Balewadi Sports Complex|A]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Kanchenjunga Stadium|A]] /[[Cooperage Ground|A]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|A]] /[[Tilak Maidan Stadium|A]] /[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|H]] /[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|A]] /[[Kanchenjunga Stadium|H]] /[[Guru Nanak Stadium|A]] /[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|A]] /A
|label2= Result
| res2=W /W /W /W /D /W /W /D /D /W /D /L /D /D /W /W /L /W
|label3= Position
| res3=2 /2 /2 /1 /2 /3 /2 /2 /2 /2 /1 /3 /3 /3 /2 /1 /2 /2

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_18-=red1

|source=[[#Matches|Matches]]
|updated=15 April 2017
|date=March 2016
}}

===AFC Cup===
{{Main|2017 AFC Cup}}

====Preliminary round====
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Leg 1
|date=31 January 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10640&stageid=418&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=15:30 [[Sri Lanka Standard Time|SLST]]
|team1=[[Colombo FC|Colombo]] {{flagicon|SRI}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan
|score=1–2
|goals1=Olofin {{goal|30}} Meera {{yel|32}} Jean Yapo {{yel|57}} Mohamed {{yel|90}}
|goals2=[[Kean Lewis|Kean]] {{goal|13}} [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{goal|70}} [[Bikramjeet Singh|Bikramjeet]] {{yel|68}}
|location=[[Colombo]]
|stadium=[[Colombo Racecourse|Race Course Ground]]
|attendance=3,800
|result=W
|referee= Yu Ming Hsun ([[Chinese Taipei Football Association|Chinese Taipei]])
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Leg 2
|date=7 February 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10641&stageid=418&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|SRI}} [[Colombo FC|Colombo]]
|score=2–1
|aggregatescore=4–2
|goals1=[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|28}} [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|56}}
|goals2=Jean Yapo {{goal|88}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=3,156
|result=W
|referee= Ahmed Al-Ali ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
|stack=Y
}}

====Play-off round====
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Leg 1
|date=21 February 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10650&stageid=419&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=16:00 [[Time in the Maldives|MVT]]
|team1=[[Club Valencia]] {{flagicon|MDV}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan
|score=1–1
|goals1=Omodu {{goal|71|pen.}} Saleem {{yel|33}} Visam {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|6}}
|location=[[Malé]]
|stadium=[[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]
|attendance=850
|result=D
|referee= Aziz Asimov ([[Uzbekistan Football Federation|Uzbekistan]])
|stack=Y
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round=Leg 2
|date=28 February 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10651&stageid=419&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|MDV}} [[Club Valencia]]
|score=4–1
|aggregatescore=5–2
|goals1=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|2|pen.|81||}} Nihan {{goal|45|o.g.}} [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|87}} [[Anas Edathodika|Anas]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2=Omodu {{goal|52}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=4,250
|result=W
|referee= [[Võ Minh Trí]] ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])
|stack=Y
}}

====Group stage====
{{main|2017 AFC Cup group stage#Group E}}

=====Table=====
{{:2017 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group E|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules|showteam=MOH}}

=====Matches=====
{{Football box collapsible
|date=14 March 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10723&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Bengaluru FC]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan
|score=2–1
|goals1=
*[[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{goal|51}}{{yel|36}}
*[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|57}}
*[[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|58}}
*[[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] {{yel|69}}
*[[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|90+3}}
|goals2=
*[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|36|pen.}}
*[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{yel|74}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=3,692
|result=L
|referee= Shukri Al-Hunfush ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|date=4 April 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10725&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|BAN}} [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]]
|score=3–1
|goals1=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|45+1}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{goal|48}} [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2=[[Jonathan Brown (Welsh footballer)|Brown]] {{goal|21}} Hasan {{yel|15}} Yeasin {{yel|89}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=2,128
|result=W
|referee=[[Mohammad Abu Loum]] ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|date=18 April 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10727&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|MDV}} [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]]
|score=0–1
|goals1=[[Bikramjit Singh|Bikramjit]] {{yel|55}}
|goals2=[[Mohamed Umair|Umair]] {{goal|34}} [[Miloš Kovačević|Kovačević]] {{sent off|2|83|85}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=1,842
|result=L
|referee= [[Võ Minh Trí]] ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|date=3 May 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10729&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=16:00 [[Time in the Maldives|MVT]]
|team1=[[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]] {{flagicon|MDV}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan
|score=5–2
|goals1=
*Habeeb {{goal|13}}
*[[Mohamed Umair|Umair]] {{goal|27}}
*[[Aleksandar Rakić (footballer)|Rakić]] {{goal|45||60}}
*[[Asadhulla Abdulla|Abdulla]] {{goal|55|pen.}}
|goals2 =
*[[Kingshuk Debnath|Debnath]] {{goal|48}}
*[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Lalpekhlua]] {{goal|78|pen.}}
|location=[[Malé]]
|stadium=[[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]
|attendance=200
|result=L
|referee=[[Dmitry Mashentsev]] ([[Football Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyzstan]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|date=17 May 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10731&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan {{flagicon|IND}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
|score=3–1
|goals1=
*[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Lalpekhlua]] {{goal|9}}
*[[Kean Lewis|Lewis]] {{goal|74}}
*[[Bikramjit Singh|Bi. Singh]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2=
*[[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|52}}
*[[Gursimrat Singh Gill|Gill]] {{yel|87}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=1,298
|result=W
|referee= Ammar Mahfoodh ([[Bahrain Football Association|Bahrain]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|date=31 May 2017
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10734&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|time=19:45 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BDT]]
|team1=[[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan
|score=1–1
|goals1=
*Onuoha {{goal|8}}
*[[Mohd Mamun Miah|Miah]] {{yel|63}}
|goals2=
*[[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{yel|19}}{{goal|83|pen.}}
*[[Bikramjit Singh|Bikramjit]] {{yel|46}}
|location=[[Dhaka]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|attendance=800
|result=D
|referee=Sukhbir Singh ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
}}

===Federation Cup===
{{Main|2016–17 Indian Federation Cup}}

====Group stage====
;Group B
{{:2016–17 Indian Federation Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=MB}}

====Semifinal====
{{Football box collapsible
|date=14 May 2017
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Mohun Bagan
|score=2–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8163 Report]
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|35}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B.Singh]] {{goal|84}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=W
|motm=[[Debjit Majumder]] (Mohun Bagan)
}}

====Final====
{{Football box collapsible
|date=21 May 2017
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|score=2–0
|aet=yes
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8178 Report]
|team2=Mohun Bagan
|goals1=
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|10}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|13}}
* [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|107||119}}
|goals2=
* [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{yel|10}}
* [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|79}}
* [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|100}}
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|attendance=
|referee=[[C.R. Srikrishna]]
|result=L
|motm=[[Amrinder Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}

==Squad==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%"
|-
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Squad No.
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nationality
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Position
!style="background: #7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Date of birth (age)
|-
!colspan=6 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Goalkeepers
|-
|1
|[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|7|1}}
|-
|22
|[[Shilton Pal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|20}}
|-
|24
|[[Debjit Majumder]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|3|6}}
|-
|42
|Shibinraj K
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|3|20}}
|-
!colspan=6 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Defenders
|-
|2
|[[Sarthak Golui]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|11|3}}
|-
|3
|[[Raju Gaikwad]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|8|25}}
|-
|4
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|5|8}}
|-
|14
|[[Eduardo Ferreira]]
|{{flagicon|EQG}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|10|8}}
|-
|17
|[[Subhasish Bose]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|8|18}}
|-
|20
|[[Pritam Kotal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|8|9}}
|-
|21
|[[Sanjay Balmuchu]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|1|5}}
|-
|25
|[[Bikramjeet Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|6}}
|-
|26
|[[Shouvik Ghosh]] ''(loaned from [[North East United FC|North East United]])''
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|11|5}}
|-
|33
|[[Prabir Das]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|12|20}}
|-
|45
|[[Anas Edathodika]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|2|15}}
|-
!colspan=6 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Midfielders
|-
|6
|[[Bikramjit Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|15}}
|-
|8
|[[Kean Lewis]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|9|19}}
|-
|10
|[[Katsumi Yusa]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
|{{flagicon|Japan}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|8|2}}
|-
|11
|[[Pronay Halder]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|2|25}}
|-
|13
|Sourav Das
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|6|20}}
|-
|16
|[[Sony Norde]]
|{{flagicon|Haiti}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|7|27}}
|-
|23
|[[Souvik Chakraborty]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|7|12}}
|-
|27
|Pintu Mahata
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|—
|-
|28
|[[Sehnaj Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|7|29}}
|-
|29
|Raynier Fernandes
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|2|19}}
|-
|30
|[[Pankaj Moula]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|12|20}}
|-
|32
|Robinson Singh
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|2|3}}
|-
!colspan=6 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Forwards
|-
|9
|[[Darryl Duffy]]
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|4|16}}
|-
|12
|[[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|1|7}}
|-
|15
|[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|12|15}}
|-
|35
|[[Azharuddin Mallick]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|7|11}}
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com/team mohunbaganac.com]|u=1 April 2017|date=December 2016}}

==Technical Staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Chief coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjoy Sen]]
|-
| Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sankarlal Chakraborty
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Arpan Dey
|-
| Physical Trainer
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} Djair Miranda Garcia
|-
| Physiotherapist
|{{flagicon|India}} Abhinandan Chatterjee
|-
| Club Doctor
|{{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Protim Ray
|-
| Team Manager
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satyajit Chatterjee]]
{{Fb cs footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com mohunbaganac.com]|date=June 2016}}

==Player statistics==

===Appearances and goals===
{{Efs start|[[2016 CFL Premier Division|CFL]]|[[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]|[[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]}}
{{Efs player|no=1|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=22|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Shilton Pal]]|0+0|0|1+2|0|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=24|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Debjit Majumder]]|0+0|0|13+0|0|2+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=42|nat=India|pos=GK|name=Shibinraj K|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>1</s>|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Arnab Das Sharma]]|9+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>31</s>|nat=India|pos=GK|name=Monotosh Ghosh|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>42</s>|nat=India|pos=GK|name=Agiapal Singh|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}

{{Efs player|no=2|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Sarthak Golui]]|6+0|0|0+0|0|2+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=3|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Raju Gaikwad]]|7+0|0|2+0|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=4|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Kingshuk Debnath]]|0+0|0|3+0|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=14|nat=Equatorial Guinea|pos=DF|name=[[Eduardo Ferreira]]|0+0|0|11+0|0|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=17|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Subhasish Bose]]|0+0|0|10+0|0|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=20|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Pritam Kotal]]|0+0|0|14+0|1|2+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=21|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Sanjay Balmuchu]]|6+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=25|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Bikramjeet Singh]]|2+4|0|2+1|0|2+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=26|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Shouvik Ghosh]] ''(loaned from [[North East United FC|North East United]])''|0+0|0|2+0|0|3+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=33|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Prabir Das]]|6+0|3|2+9|1|3+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=45|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Anas Edathodika]]|0+0|0|12+1|0|5+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>4</s>|nat=India|pos=DF|name=Ashim Dey|3+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>17</s>|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Deepak Devrani]]|1+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>18</s>|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Avinabo Bag]]|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>19</s>|nat=India|pos=DF|name=Tonmoy Ghosh|7+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>20</s>|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Chinta Chandrashekar Rao]]|4+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>23</s>|nat=Afghanistan|natvar=2013|pos=DF|name=[[Zohib Islam Amiri|Haroon Fakruddin]]|0+4|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}

{{Efs player|no=6|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Bikramjit Singh]]|0+0|0|3+6|0|5+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=8|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Kean Lewis]]|0+0|0|1+0|0|1+0|1}}
{{Efs player|no=10|nat=Japan|pos=MF|name=[[Katsumi Yusa]]|0+0|0|14+0|3|5+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=11|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Pronay Halder]]|0+0|0|6+3|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=13|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Sourav Das|0+2|0|0+0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=16|nat=Haiti|pos=MF|name=[[Sony Norde]]|0+0|0|11+0|2|4+0|3}}
{{Efs player|no=23|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Souvik Chakraborty]]|0+0|0|9+2|0|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=27|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Pintu Mahata|0+0|0|0+1|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=28|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Sehnaj Singh]]|0+0|0|7+1|0|3+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=29|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Raynier Fernandes|1+1|0|1+0|0|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=30|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Pankaj Moula]]|6+0|0|0+0|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=32|nat=india|pos=MF|name=Robinson Singh|4+1|0|0+0|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>5</s>|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Dhananjoy Yadav|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>8</s>|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Babul Biswas|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>11</s>|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Thangjam Singh]]|7+1|2|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>26</s>|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Amandeep Singh (footballer)|Amandeep Singh]]|1+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>27</s>|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Tapan Maity]]|7+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}

{{Efs player|no=9|nat=Scotland|pos=FW|name=[[Darryl Duffy]]|9+0|6|13+0|7|3+0|2}}
{{Efs player|no=12|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]|0+0|0|7+5|4|4+1|3}}
{{Efs player|no=15|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]|0+0|0|6+6|4|4+2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=35|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Azharuddin Mallick]]|9+0|2|3+0|1|0+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>2</s>|nat=Nigeria|pos=FW|name=[[Daniel Bedemi]]|4+1|6|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>15</s>|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]|0+7|1|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>28</s>|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Simranjit Singh]]|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs end|s=[http://mohunbaganac.com/ mohunbaganac.com]}}
Last Updated: 9 April 2017 '''Apps''': (Matches Started)+(Substitute Appearances)

===Top scorers===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''
!width=150|Player
!width=80|I-League
!width=80|AFC
!width=80|Federation Cup
!width=80|'''Total'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''1'''
| 9
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|SCO}}
| align=left| [[Darryl Duffy]]
| 8
| 2
| 3
|'''13'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''2'''
| 11
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
| 5
| 4
| 1
|'''10'''
|-
| rowspan=2|'''3'''
| 15
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
| 4
| 1
| 3
| rowspan=2|'''8'''
|-
| 16
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|HAI}}
| align=left| [[Sony Norde]]
| 3
| 3
| 2
|-
| rowspan=1|'''5'''
| 10
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}}
| align=left| [[Katsumi Yusa]]
| 4
| 2
| 1
|'''7'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''6'''
| 8
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Kean Lewis]]
| 0
| 2
| 0
|'''2'''
|-
| rowspan=6|'''7'''
| 4
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Kingshuk Debnath]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| rowspan=6|'''1'''
|-
| 6
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Bikramjit Singh]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
| 20
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Pritam Kotal]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
| 28
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Sehnaj Singh]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
| 33
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Prabir Das]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
| 35
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Azharuddin Mallick]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
|colspan="5"|'''TOTALS'''
| '''27'''
| '''17'''
| '''10'''
| '''54'''
|}
Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/mohun-bagan-ac/3352/ soccerway] 
Updated: 31 May 2017

===Disciplinary record===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Pos.
!rowspan="2"|Nat.
!rowspan="2"|Player
!colspan="3"|[[2016 CFL Premier Division|CFL]]
!colspan="3"|[[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]
!colspan="3"|[[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
!colspan="3"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Notes
|-
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
|-
|17
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Subhasish Bose]]
|0||0||0
|1||2||0
|0||0||0
|1||2||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] (13 January 2017) Missed Match: vs [[Bengaluru FC]] (1 April 2017)
|-
|33
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Prabir Das]]
|1||0||0
|3||0||0
|0||0||0
|4||0||0
|
|-
|11
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Pronay Halder]]
|0||0||0
|3||0||0
|0||0||0
|3||0||0
|
|-
|9
|FW
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|[[Darryl Duffy]]
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|15
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|10
|MF
|{{flagicon|JPN}}
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|3
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Raju Gaikwad]]
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|<s>19</s>
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|Tonmoy Ghosh
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Tollygunge Agragami]] (15 September 2016)
|-
|35
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Azharuddin Mallick]]
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|16
|MF
|{{flagicon|HAI}}
|[[Sony Norde]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|28
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Sehnaj Singh]]
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|14
|DF
|{{flagicon|EQG}}
|[[Eduardo Ferreira]]
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|20
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Pritam Kotal]]
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|21
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Sanjay Balmuchu]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|25
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Bikramjeet Singh]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|45
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Anas Edathodika]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|<s>27</s>
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Tapan Maity]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|<s>23</s>
|DF
|{{flagicon|AFG|2013}}
|[[Zohib Islam Amiri|Haroon Fakruddin]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=9 April 2017|date=March 2016}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}
{{2016–17 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2016-17 Mohun Bagan FC Season}}
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant seasons]]
[[Category:2016–17 I-League by team]]

Dang district, India

2026-02-01T17:35:20Z

MeredithRodrigue: formatting fix

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dang district
| other_name = Dandakaranya
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] of [[Gujarat]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|region:IN-GJ|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_skyline = Saputara Hill Station, 2006-10-25.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Lakes near [[Saputara]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_caption =
| latd =
| latm =
| lats =
| latNS =
| longd =
| longm =
| longs =
| longEW =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Ahwa]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = District Collectorate
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1,764
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 228,291
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Khandeshi language|Khandeshi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Bhili language|Bhili]], [[Dhanki language|Dangi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = GJ-30
| website = {{URL|dangs.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| map_caption1 = Location of Dang district in Gujarat
}}
'''Dang district''' is a district in the southeastern part of the state of [[Gujarat]]. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in [[Ahwa]]. Dang has an [[area]] of 1,764 km2 and a [[population]] of 228,291 (as of 2011).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |title=Census GIS India |access-date=2009-08-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703215108/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |archive-date=2007-07-03 }}</ref> As of 2011, it is the least populous of Gujarat's [[Districts of Gujarat|33]] districts.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Dangs |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/414/download/1304/DH_2011_2422_PART_A_DCHB_THE_DANGS.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed districts out of 640 districts in India.<ref>[http://groundreport.com/Governance-in-Gujarat-Under-Modi-A-Critique/ "Governance in Gujarat Under Modi - A Critique"]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In Gujarat's Dangs District, Tribals Are Left With No Option but to Migrate For Survival |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/in-gujarats-dang-district-tribals-are-left-with-no-option-but-to-migrate-for-survival-2089741.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=News18 |date=5 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> 94% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dangs.gujarat.gov.in/about-dang|title=About Dang}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.ws/prakashjm45/goa/eastindian.html|title=Konkanian Origin of the 'East Indians'}}</ref> The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement between the [[Government of India|East India Company]] and the Dang kings in 1842.<ref name="history1" /><ref name="kings">{{Cite web|title=DNA India {{!}} Latest News, Live Breaking News on India, Politics, World, Business, Sports, Bollywood|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/|access-date=2021-12-28|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The origin of the name of the Dang is uncertain. In common parlance the word 'dang' means a hilly village. There is another connotation of the word 'dang' which means [[bamboo]] (a place of bamboo). The name is also associated with [[Hindu mythology]]. It is related to the [[Dandakaranya]] of the [[Ramayana]]. It is said that during the exile, [[Rama]] passed through this area on his way to Nashik.<ref name="Gazetteer1971">{{cite book|editor=G. D. Patel|title=Gazetteer of India: Dangs District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUhuAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications|location=Ahmedabad|pages=1–2}}</ref>

==Kings of Dang==
[[File:Surat Agency with all princely states with labels British India 1880-1933.svg|thumb|The Dangs (''orange'') within [[Surat Agency]], India|350px|left]]
{{see also|Surat Agency}}

Before Independence several wars were fought between the five tribal kings of Dang and the [[East India Company|Company]]. According to the history of Dang, the biggest war to took place at 'Lashkaria Amba', in when the kings of all the five states joined to protect Dang from the British.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web|last=Mehta|first=Yagnesh Bharat|title=Dangs darbar gets off to royal start|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/dangs-darbar-gets-off-to-royal-start/articleshow/4239572.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816034709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Dangs-darbar-gets-off-to-royal-start/articleshow/4239572.cms |archive-date=2018-08-16 }}</ref> The British were beaten and agreed to a compromise.<ref name=history1/>

As per the treaty signed in [[1842]] the Company allowed to use the forests and their natural products against which they had to pay around 3,000 silver coins to the five kings. Currently the kings receive a yearly political pension by the Government of India, which is the main source of their income. This payment is continued even though all privy purses for the Princely states of India were stopped in 1970 since the agreement was between then monarchy of Dangs and the [[Government of India]], not [[the Crown]].<ref name=history1/><ref name=history2/>

At the end of each fiscal year during [[Holi]], the kings gather in Ahwa for a traditional royal ceremony, in their richly decorated buggies and bands with tribal dancers, to receive the payment as per the agreement of 1842.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chandra|first=Kavita Kanan|date=2017-06-24|title=Kings of the Dang|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/kings-of-the-dang/article19132643.ece|access-date=2021-12-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In ancient Indian Scriptures Dang is known as ''Danda Aranyaka'', meaning 'Bamboo forest'.<ref name="history2">{{Cite news| last = Andrabi| first = Jalees| title = Once a year, peasant rulers are given the royal treatment| newspaper = The National| date = 13 March 2009| url = http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090313/FOREIGN/623646488/1103/NEWS| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130115001326/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090313/FOREIGN/623646488/1103/NEWS| url-status = dead| archive-date = 15 January 2013| access-date = 19 April 2010}}</ref> Recently the Dangs Kings have urged the government to protect their depleting forest cover due to [[illegal logging]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Dang-tribal-kings-urge-Modi-to-protect-their-jungle/articleshow/5822620.cms Dang tribal kings urge Modi to protect their jungle]</ref>

The five kingdoms are [[List of current constituent Asian monarchs|Daher-Amala, Linga, Gadhvi, Vasurna and Pimpri]].<ref name="history1" /><ref>{{Cite news| title = Kings hold durbar at Dangs, but at Govt expense| newspaper = Indian Express Newspapers| date = 28 February 1999| url = http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19990301/ige01026p.html| access-date = 19 April 2010}}</ref>

=== Rulers ===
#''Linga'' - Raja Bhawarsinh
#''Daher-Amala'' - [[Tapatrao Anandrao Pawar|Raja Tapatrao Anandrao Pawar]]
#''Gadhvi'' - Raja Karan Singh Yashwantrao Pawar
#''Vasurna'' - Raja Dhanrajsinh Chandrasinh Suryavanshi
#''Pimpri'' - Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao Pawar

=== Dang States ===

Historically there were 14 Dang states in the region: <ref>"The golden book of India; a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire, with an appendix for Ceylon", https://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethrich/page/40/mode/2up </ref>

* [[Amala State|Amala]]
* [[Avchar State|Avchar]]
* [[Bilbari State|Bilbari]]
* [[Chinchli Gaded State|Chinchli Gaded]]
* [[Derbhavti State|Derbhavti]]
* [[Gadvi State|Gadvi]]
* [[Jhari Gharkhadi State|Jhari Gharkhadi]]
* [[Kirli State|Kirli]]
* [[Palasvihir State|Palasvihir]]
* [[Pimpladevi State|Pimpladevi]]
* [[Pimpri State|Pimpri]]
* [[Shivbara State|Shivbara]]
* [[Vadhyawan State|Vadhyawan]]
* [[Vasurna State|Vasurna]]

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=18,333|13=1911|14=28,926|15=1921|16=24,142|17=1931|18=33,495|19=1941|20=40,236|21=1951|22=47,282|23=1961|24=71,567|25=1971|26=94,185|27=1981|28=1,13,664|29=1991|30=1,44,091|31=2001|32=1,86,729|33=2011|34=2,28,291|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Dang district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Population by Religion - Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11373/download/14486/DDW24C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|89.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Gujarat|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|8.77}}
{{bar percent|[[Gujarati Muslims|Islam]]|green|1.57}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.50}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Dang district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 228,291,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Vanuatu]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Vanuatu 224,564 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 587th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 129 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.44%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Dang has a [[sex ratio]] of 1007 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.8%. 10.81% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.43% and 94.65% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages in Dang District (2011)
|label1 = [[Dhanki language|Dangi]] |value1 = 59.6 |color1 = aqua
|label2 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value2 = 32.5 |color2 = skyblue
|label3 = [[Gamit language|Gamit]] |value3 = 3.18 |color3 = darkturquoise
|label4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value4 = 1.2 |color4 = red
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 1.21 |color5 = orange
|label6 = Other |value6 = 1.54 |color6 = gray
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 59.55% of the population in the district spoke [[Dhanki language|Dangi]], 32.53% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 3.18% [[Gamit language|Gamit]], 1.99% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and 1.21% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Politics==
{{transcluded section|source=15th Gujarat Assembly}}
{{#section:15th Gujarat Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:15th Gujarat Assembly|Dang district}}
|}

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Dang District as an [[Poverty in India|economically distressed district]], one of 250 out of a total of 640 [[Districts of India|districts]].<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the six districts in Gujarat currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Forest==
Dang District has part of a forest that includes [[Purna Wildlife Sanctuary]],<ref name="TrivediSoni2006">{{cite journal |author=Trivedi, P. and Soni, V.C. |year=2006 |title=Significant bird records and local extinctions in Purna and Ratanmahal wildlife sanctuaries, Gujarat, India |journal=Forktail |volume=22 |pages=39–48 |url=http://birdingasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Trivedi-Purna.pdf}}</ref> which is shared between the districts of Dang and [[Tapi district|Tapi]] in Gujarat and [[Nandurbar District]] in [[Maharashtra]],<ref name="GujaratTourismPurna">{{cite web |title=Mahal Eco Campsite |publisher=Gujarat Tourism |url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/5/142 |access-date=2017-01-25 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202023424/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/5/142 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Jhala2011>[[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala]], Y. V., Qureshi, Q., Sinha, P. R. (Eds.) (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120120232451/http://www.projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/Tiger_Status_oct_2010.pdf ''Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India, 2010.''] National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TR 2011/003 pp-302</ref> and [[Vansda National Park]] in [[Navsari District]], which shares a continuous tract of forest with [[Valsad district]].<ref name="TrivediSoni2006"/><ref name="GujaratTourismVansda">{{cite web |title=Vansda National Park |publisher=Gujarat Tourism |url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/12/130 |access-date=2017-01-29 |archive-date=2016-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209160910/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/12/130 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2017}}

A [[rusty-spotted cat]] was sighted for the time in 1991 in [[Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chavan, S.A. |author2=Patel, C. D. |author3=Pawar, S. V. |author4=Gogate, N. S. |author5=Pandya, N. P. |year= 1991|title=Sighting of the rusty-spotted cat ''Felis rubiginosa'' (Geoffroy) in Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary, Gujarat |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |issue=88 |pages=107−108 }}</ref>

In [[Purna Wildlife Sanctuary|Purna]] and [[Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary|Ratanmahal]] Wildlife Sanctuaries, eight bird species are considered [[locally extinct]], including [[Indian grey hornbill]], [[jungle bush quail]], [[red spurfowl]] and [[large woodshrike]].<ref name="TrivediSoni2006"/> Also, [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian giant squirrel]] and [[gaur]] are reportedly extinct in Gujarat.<ref>Worah, S. (1991). The ecology and management of a fragmented forest in south Gujarat, India: the Dangs. Ph.D. thesis, University of Poona, Pune, India.</ref>

==Talukas==
# [[Subir]]
# [[Waghai]]
# [[Ahwa]]

==Rivers of district==
* [[Purna River (Gujarat)|Purna River]]
* [[Ambika River]]
* [[Gira River]]
* [[Khapri River]]
* [[Dhodad River]]

==See also==
* [[Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal|Valley]] and [[Dang District, Nepal|District of Dang]] in [[Nepal]]
* [[Dang, Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Dang, Iran]]
* [[Gulf of Khambhat]]

== Places of interest ==
* Botanic Garden, Waghai - Large Government Ayurvedic Medicinal Garden (Botanical Garden) near Waghai<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waghai Botanical Gardens |url=https://www.gujarattourism.com/south-zone/dang/waghai-botanical-gardens.html |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=gujrattourism |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gira Falls]] on [[Ambika River]] near Waghai
* Hill stations: [[Saputara]] and [[Don, Dang|Don]]
* Gira Falls on [[Gira River]] at Girmal village
* [[Rupgadh Fort]]
* [[Shabri Dham]] and [[Pampa Sarovar]] at Subir

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150520112658/http://dangdp.gujarat.gov.in/dang/index.htm Dang District Panchayat-Official web]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/are-there-tigers-in-gujarat/article22413777.ece Are there tigers in the Dangs?]
* {{osmrelation-inline|1952515}}

{{Subject bar |book= |portal3=India|commons=yes |commons-search=Category:|n=yes |n-search=Category:|wikt=yes |b=yes |q=yes |s=yes |v=yes |voy=yes |d=yes |d-search=}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Dang district
|North = [[Tapi district]]
|Northeast = [[Nandurbar district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|East = [[Dhule district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Nashik district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Navsari district]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Dang district, India}}
{{Gujarat}}

[[Category:Districts of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dang district, India]]

Durgapur Municipal Corporation

2026-01-24T11:33:01Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Durgapur, West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Durgapur Municipal Corporation
| native_name = দুর্গাপুর নগর নিগম
| native_name_lang = bn
| coa_pic = Logo of the Durgapur municipal Corporation.png
| coa_res = 150px
| coa_alt = Logo of the Durgapur Municipal Corporation
| coa_caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the Durgapur Municipal Corporation
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1994}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by =
| succeeded_by =
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = ''Vacant''
| party1 =
| election1 = 2022
| leader2_type = Deputy Mayor
| leader2 = ''Vacant''
| party2 =
| election2 = 2022
| leader3_type = Chairperson
| leader3 = ''Vacant''
| party3 =
| election3 = 2022
| seats = 43
| structure1 =
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
| session_room =
| session_res = 300px
| meeting_place = [[Headquarters]] of the Durgapur Municipal Corporation
| last_election1 = 2017
| next_election1 = 2025
| motto =
| website = {{URL|www.durgapurmunicipalcorporation.org}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC)''' is the civic body that governs [[Durgapur]] in [[Durgapur subdivision]] of [[Paschim Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== History ==
The Durgapur Notified Area (DNA) was formed in 1962 surrounding the areas in and around the Gopinathpur area and the halt station named Durgapur. The governing body got its name from the railway station. The formation of the [[Durgapur Steel Plant]], an integrated steel plant and its steel township in late 1950 by the then chief minister of West Bengal, [[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy]], heralded the rapid development of the region. Plenty of industries were set up at that time in Durgapur. As a result plenty of people from adjoining areas came to newly formed city to try their luck for a job in the city's hoard of Industries. By 1994 the city was thickly populated. Seeing this an act was passed to change the existing Durgapur Notified Area (DNA) to a Municipal Corporation and thus came into existence the present Durgapur Municipal Corporation governing a total area of 157 km2 and a population of total of 5.81 lakhs (according to the 2011 census).<ref>{{cite web|title=Durgapur City|url=http://bardhaman.nic.in/blocks/durgapur_mc.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/137604/durgapur-municipal-corporation-act-1994-complete-act|title=Durgapur Municipal Corporation Act 1994}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{Paschim Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Durgapur, West Bengal]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research

2026-01-23T07:18:33Z

MeredithRodrigue: improved article

{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Companies|date=August 2019}}
{{Primary sources|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research, Mumbai
|motto =
|image =
|established = 1948
|type = Autonomous research and training institute
|chancellor =
|director = Suresh Kumar Nair V.G.
|city = Mumbai
|state = [[Maharashtra]]
|country = India
|undergrad = 1,200
|faculty = 60
|campus = [[Sewri]], Mumbai Urban; {{convert|33|acre|m2}}
|website = {{URL|www.dgshipping.com/dgship/final/allied_tri1lbs.htm}}
}}

The '''Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research''' also known as LBS College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research is a post-sea Maritime Education and Training Institute offering a range of courses for Merchant Navy Officers. The college was established by the [[Ministry of Transport]], [[Government of India]], in 1948.

==References==
* https://sites.google.com/imu.ac.in/lbsmumbaicourses/home
* [http://www.dgshipping.com/dgship/final/allied_tri1lbs.htm/ L.B.S. College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research - Official Web Site]
* [http://www.dgshipping.com/dgship/final/instdata/indos5.htm List of courses]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Maritime colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Memorials to Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1948]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1948]]

Malkapuram, Eluru district

2026-01-18T23:07:19Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started First Place First Draft...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malkapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 = [[Eluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[village]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web
|title=District Census Handbook - West Godavari |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2815_PART_B_DCHB_WEST%20GODAVARI.pdf |website=Census of India|accessdate=18 January 2015|page=14,278|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3461
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534 005
| registration_plate = AP 37
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Malkapuram''' is a [[village]] in [[Eluru district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Eluru mandal]] of [[Eluru revenue division]]. The town is a constituent of [[Eluru]] [[urban agglomeration]].<ref name=census />

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Malkapuram had a population of 3461. The total population constitute, 1557 males and 1904 females with a sex ratio of 1223 females per 1000 males. 353 children are in the age group of 0–6 years with child sex ratio of 1089 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 82.34 %<ref name=census />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Eluru topics}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Much Sounding of Bugles

2026-01-13T07:00:45Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started New Info Added Tags...

{{Short description|War novel about British colonialists in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Much Sounding of Bugles: The Siege of Chitral 1895
| author = John Harris
| language = English
| country = [[London]]
| genre =
| published = 1975
| publisher = [[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:Much Sounding of Bugles.jpg
| caption = First edition
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| series =
| subject =
| media_type = ([[Hardcover|Hardback]])
| pages = 248
| oclc =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''Much Sounding of Bugles: The Siege of Chitral 1895''''' is a book written by John Harris and originally published by [[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson & Co. Publishers Ltd.]] at [[London]] in 1975.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Much sounding of bugles: The siege of Chitral, 1895|last=Harris|first=John|date=1975|publisher=Hutchinson and Co. Publishers Ltd.|isbn=9780091245900|edition= First|location=London|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.books-by-isbn.com/authors/john/harris/|title=✎ Books by John Harris}}</ref> The book presents a vivid chronicle of the [[Chitral Expedition|Chitral Campaign]] and the heroic efforts of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1895.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPYdAAAAMAAJ|title=Much sounding of bugles: the siege of Chitral, 1895|last=Harris|first=John|publisher=Hutchinson and Co Publishers Ltd.|year=1975|location=London|isbn=9780091245900|language=en}}</ref> It narrates how [[Queen Victoria]] rules over nearly a quarter of the Earth's land surface, with the brightest jewel in her crown being [[British Raj|India]]. Yet the might of the [[British Raj|Raj]] is not to go unchallenged in the high mountains of the [[Hindu Kush]]. The [[Chitral (princely state)|State of Chitral]] which had till then existed as a [[Buffer state|buffer]] between [[British Empire|British]] and [[Russian Empire|Russian]] spheres of influence and tilted towards the [[British Raj|Government of India]] in the second half of the 19th century, with the death of the Mehtar of [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]] in 1892 descends into civil war. A small British force led by [[George Scott Robertson|Surgeon-Major George Scott Robertson]] is caught up in the [[Chitral Fort|Fort at Chitral]] which was to come under [[siege]] for seven weeks while a relief force was organised. The book narrates the follies of a vanished age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/SOUNDING-BUGLES-Siege-Chitral-1895-John/873899319/bd|title=Much Sounding of the Bulges, The Siege of Chitral, 1895|last=Harris|first=John|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collectablebooksonline.com/book_categories/05books_military_history_world.php?page=6|title=Rare Military History Books}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Following the death of the Chief of [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]] [[Aman ul-Mulk]] in 1892, power in the [[Princely state|state]] changes hands several times in the next few years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblio.com/much-sounding-of-bugles-by-harris-john/work/1307410|title=Much Sounding Of Bugles - the Siege Of Chitral, 1895 by Harris, John|website=Biblio|language=en}}</ref> In early 1895, when it seems that the situation is finally coming back to normalcy the reigning Chief is murdered and conflict over the [[War of succession|succession]] once again erupts. A small British force ends up being [[Siege|besieged]] in the [[Chitral]] [[Chitral Fort|Fort]]. The book presents a graphic account of the build up and the actual siege before elucidating how it is lifted. The intervention of [[Umra Khan]] a [[Pashtuns|Pathan]] Chief, during this period of uncertainty, brings an unexpectedly large hostile forces on the scene. The British force at [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]] fights the invaders but are heavily outnumbered and forced to retreat into the [[Chitral Fort]]. The besieged forces then spend a month and a half defending an aging [[Fortification|fort]] with rationed supplies and limited ammunition.

Meanwhile two forces are dispatched to relieve the [[siege]]. An army of some 15,000 under the command of [[Robert Low (Indian Army officer)|General Sir Robert Low]] set out from near [[Peshawar]], fighting battle along the way, when met with resistance from the locals. Another smaller army under the command of [[James Graves Kelly|Colonel James Graves Kelly]] marches from [[Gilgit Agency|Gilgit]] over the [[Shandur Top|Shandur Pass]], bringing with it two mountain guns as it marches through the [[snow]] and a series of [[Defile (geography)|defiles]].

The author switches between the different fronts to maintain suspense and generally tells a good story. John Harris offers a glimpses of the [[The Great Game|Great Game]], an old-fashioned defense of British imperialism, and repetition of contemporary clichés.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dannyreviews.com/h/Siege_Chitral.html|title=Much Sounding of Bugles: The Siege of Chitral, 1895 (John Harris)|website=Book Reviews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000690975|title=Much Sounding of Bugles: The Siege of Chitral, 1895|last=Harris|first=John|date=1975|publisher=Hutchinson|isbn=0091245907|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=453|title=Victorian Wars Forum • View topic - 1895 Chitral Siege and Relief.|website=Victorian Wars|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rwmilitarybooks.com/home/list78chris.html|title=Military Books List 78 old used rare books relating to military history|website=Rare Military Books}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1975 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about war]]
[[Category:British non-fiction books]]
[[Category:History books about India]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books about the Great Game]]
[[Category:20th-century history books]]
[[Category:Books about foreign relations of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Hutchinson (publisher) books]]

National Social Science Documentation Centre

2026-01-08T13:58:21Z

MeredithRodrigue: Started The Stub From Scratch

[[File:NASSDOC Library.jpg|thumb|OPAC]]
{{Short description|Indian research center}}
'''National Social Science Documentation Centre''' (commonly abbreviated as '''NASSDOC''') is an Indian national-level documentation, [[library]], and information services center for the [[Social science|social sciences]]. It is a division of the Indian Council of Social Science Research '''('''[[Indian Council of Social Science Research|ICSSR]]''')''' and plays a central role in supporting [[research]], [[documentation]], and [[dissemination]] of social science knowledge in [[India]].<ref name="Agrawal National Social Science Documentation Centre (India)">{{cite journal |last1=Agrawal |first1=S. P. |title=National Social Science Documentation Centre (India) |journal=International Library Review |date=July 1987 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=301–309 |doi=10.1016/0020-7837(87)90040-9 }}</ref>
----

== History and Background ==
NASSDOC was established in '''1970''' as a division of the ICSSR. Its primary purpose is from inception, to provide library and information support to social science researchers across India—especially those in academic institutions, autonomous research organizations, government departments, policy and planning units, and the social science community at large.

Over the decades, NASSDOC has expanded in terms of services, automation, digital infrastructure, and outreach to ICSSR’s regional centres and other research institutions.<ref name="Agrawal National Social Science Documentation Centre (India)"/> ICSSR provides grants to 27 research institutes and six regional centers in India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=P.K |title=Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Maintained Research Institutes' Libraries in India: Towards Digitization and Networking |journal=The International Information & Library Review |date=June 2003 |volume=35 |issue=2–4 |pages=217–232 |doi=10.1016/S1057-2317(03)00018-3 }}</ref>

== Mission and Objectives ==
[[File:Nassdoc Library Collection.jpg|thumb|Book Shelve]]
NASSDOC’s mission centers on facilitating social science research by ensuring the collection, preservation, dissemination, and accessibility of relevant documents and information. Its objectives include:
#Providing robust library, documentation, and reference support to social science researchers and institutions.
#Acquiring and preserving social science content—especially materials that are not otherwise widely available (e.g., unpublished PhD theses, research reports, government documents, institutional publications)
#Producing and maintaining bibliographic databases, union catalogues, indices, directories, and other location tools to help researchers find relevant materials.
#Enabling literature search, document delivery, [[interlibrary loan]], reprography, and reference services to support scholar needs.
#Organizing continuing education, training workshops, seminars, and skill-building for librarians, information professionals, and researchers to use [[emerging technologies]], digital tools, and methodologies.
#Extending support and guidance to the libraries and documentation units of ICSSR regional centres, ICSSR-supported research institutes, and affiliated social science libraries.
#Expanding the digital reach of its collections, including digitization of theses, development of an e-library portal, and remote access to e-resources for registered users.<ref name="Bhatt Chand National Documentation Centres in Social Science">{{cite book |last1=Bhatt |first1=R. K. |last2=Chand |first2=Mahesh |chapter=National Documentation Centres in Social Science |pages=310–366 |chapter-url={{GBurl|YGJCEAAAQBAJ|p=310}} |editor1-last=Bhatt |editor1-first=R. K. |editor2-last=Kumar |editor2-first=Manish |title=Development of Social Sciences: A Librarians Companion |date=2014 |publisher=K.K. Publications |isbn=978-81-7844-177-1 }}</ref>

== Facilities, Infrastructure, and Collections ==

=== Physical Infrastructure and Reading Room ===
[[File:Reading Area.jpg|thumb]]
NASSDOC maintains a reading room (often referred to as the NASSDOC Reading Room) that is open to researchers. Typically, it operates Monday through Saturday (closed on Sundays and gazette holidays) from 9:30 AM to 6:00 PM. The reading room houses reference materials, periodicals, theses, project reports, and other special collections that users can consult on-site.

=== Collections and Holdings ===
[[File:Library Collection.jpg|thumb|Library Collection]]
NASSDOC has built a robust collection over the years in both print and electronic formats. Some key components include:

'''Books and Monographs''' on social science disciplines, research methods, information science, policy studies, etc.

'''Doctoral Theses / Dissertations''': NASSDOC has acquired copies of unpublished PhD theses in social sciences from Indian universities.

'''Research Project Reports''' (such as those funded by ICSSR and other agencies) and institutional reports.

'''Periodicals''' (Indian and foreign social science journals), both current and back volumes, including abstracting and indexing journals, plus bound journal volumes.

'''Government Documents / Serial Reports''' and institutional publications (grey literature).

'''Microfilms / Microfiche''' of theses, journals, working papers, and other rare materials.

'''Digital / Electronic Collections''': CD-ROM databases, online databases, institutional and in-house databases.

As of recent summaries, the collection metrics include (approximate figures):
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |'''Material Type'''
|'''Quantity / Estimate'''
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3ABK&q= Books] (social science)
|19430+
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3ATH&q= Doctoral Thesis] (print + [[CD-ROM]])
| 5490+
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3APR&q= Research Project Reports]
| 3910+
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3AJR&q= Journals]
|450+
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3AMF&q= Back Volumes / Bound Periodicals]
|12,500+
|-
| colspan="2" |[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?limit=mc-itype%3AMF&q= Microfilms / Microfiche]
|3,000+
|-
| colspan="2" |[https://icssr.org/nassdoc-house-databases-publications Online / Electronic Databases]
|11 major e-resources
|-
|[http://14.139.53.195/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?&limit=mc-itype%3ASC&sort_by=relevance_dsc&limit=itype:SC Special Collection- M.K. Gandhi, Guru Nanak Dev ji]

| colspan="2" |136
|}
These figures are indicative and subject to updates as the library continues to grow, digitize, and streamline its holdings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WEBOPAC |url=http://14.139.53.195/}}</ref>

=== Automation, Catalogues and Metadata ===
To enhance discoverability and interoperability, NASSDOC has adopted library automation and cataloguing practices:

'''WebOPAC / [[Library catalog|Online Catalogue]]''': NASSDOC provides a Web-based Online Public Access Catalogue (WebOPAC) to enable users to search through the library’s holdings across books, theses, reports, etc.

'''Retro-conversion and MARC records''': Catalog records have been converted to machine-readable form (e.g. UNIMARC) to support sharing and library networking.

'''In-house Databases / Locating Tools''': NASSDOC develops various bibliographic tools, union catalogues, directories, indices, and databases (both in print and digital) to assist users in locating relevant social science literature.

'''Digitization Projects''': As part of modernization, NASSDOC has digitized portions of its collections (e.g., theses, periodical literature) and works to increase its digital repository capacity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASSDOC |url=https://icssr.org/nassdoc}}</ref>

== Services and User Support ==
NASSDOC offers a wide range of user-facing and backend services designed to support social science research.

=== Membership and Access ===
NASSDOC provides different [https://icssr.org/library-membership-form-guidelines membership] categories for [https://icssr.org/library-membership-form#no-back accessing] its resources and services: Official Members - These include ICSSR Council Members/ senior officials of the ICSSR secretariat and regular professional staff of the ICSSR (i.e. Research Assistants/Documentation Assistants and above). They are entitled to borrow books from the library for 15 days.

* Consulting Members - Consultation facility is extended to academicians, research scholars, students, ICSSR Beneficiaries and members of general public that may include retired persons and other categories of readers. Consultation membership fee is Rs. 1200 per annum (minimum Rs. 200 for one month).

* Borrowing Members - Borrowing facility is extended to social scientists, academicians, students and general readers who are registered as members of the library. Books are issued against a security deposit of Rs.1000/- per book. A maximum of two books can be issued to individual members at a time.

* Institutional Members - This category of membership is available exclusively to institutions upon payment of ₹10,000 per year. Institutional members are entitled to borrow up to five (5) books at a time for a period of one month. However, remote login access to the subscribed e-resources is not available under this membership.

* Guest Members - There is no fee for guest readers who want to consult the library for a day or two. They are issued a guest card for the day. Thresholds and fees (deposit, membership rates) are periodically updated by the institution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASSDOC Membership |url=https://icssr.org/library-membership-form-guidelines}}</ref>

== Reference and Literature Search Services ==

* Reference Service: Users can request help in locating books, reports, theses, or other literature. Staff respond via email, telephone, fax, or in-person.

* Literature Search: NASSDOC conducts topic-based literature searches using internal and external databases, indexing tools, and bibliographic resources to assist users in comprehensive coverage.

* Bibliography on Demand: Upon request, NASSDOC compiles bibliographies (with or without abstracts) for special topics, often as a paid service. This is particularly valuable to users in remote or underserved regions.

== Document Delivery, Inter Library Loan and Reprographic Service ==

* Document Delivery Service: NASSDOC facilitates delivery of documents (books, journal articles, reports) either by borrowing via interlibrary loan (ILL) or providing photocopies of requested materials.

* [https://icssr.org/nassdoc-document-delivery-inter-library-loan-reprography-service Interlibrary Loan]: NASSDOC participates in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfp_Oee5lpIarbgZQhy1_wCbc5DAKDSPocz2OrYAe12cwkHbQ/viewform loan] arrangements with other libraries to fulfill user demands for materials not held locally.

* Reprography / Photocopying Services: Users may request photocopies of selected portions of materials (within copyright constraints).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Document Delivery Service |url=https://icssr.org/nassdoc-document-delivery-inter-library-loan-reprography-service}}</ref>

== Continuing Education, Training and Outreach Programmes ==
Recognizing that many scholars and librarians may need new skills to adapt to digital systems, NASSDOC organizes:

* Short-term workshops, seminars, and lectures on information technology, digital tools, library science, and social science research methods Internships and apprenticeship programs: For MLIS / BLIS students, NASSDOC may offer training, orientation, and exposure to real-world library operations

* Outreach and professional networking: NASSDOC is a member of library associations (IASLIC, ILA, IFLA, DELNET) and collaborates with ICSSR regional centres to propagate best practices. Sales, Distribution and Publishing Support

* Financial Assistance for Projects: It offers grants for documentation, bibliographic, and library-oriented projects (e.g. development of guides, catalogues, bibliometric studies). Study Grant Scheme: To assist PhD scholars to visit libraries in other cities for their research work; travel, lodging, and allowance support for limited duration visits.

== Electronic Resources and Digital Infrastructures ==
With the growth of digital scholarship and online information, NASSDOC has made significant investments in e-resources and digital infrastructure. ICSSR consortia has been initiated in October 2007 with 5 ICSSR research institutions while setting up of NASSDOC as a hub and facilitator for consortia based subscription to [https://icssr.org/e-resources-icssr-research-institutes-and-regional-centres e-resources] by subscribing to [[JSTOR]].<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Nagaraja Chari |last1=Sharabhu |first2=D. |last2=Ravinder |title=User Satisfaction About the Services Provided by the ICSSR |journal=International Journal of Information Movement |volume=2 |issue=6 |date=October 2017 |pages=166–173 |url=https://www.ijim.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Vol-2-Issue-VI-166-173-paper-24-34-Dr.-D.-RavinderUser-Satisfaction-about-the-Services-provided-by-the-ICSSR_S-N-Chari.pdf }}{{predatory}}</ref>

=== E-Resources Subscriptions and Access ===
NASSDOC subscribes to a suite of electronic resources tailored for social science research. Some known subscriptions include:

'''[https://brill.com/ Brill Journals]''': Publishes over 800 [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] journals and 3,500 books annually in humanities and social sciences, with full digital archives and indexing in [[Web of Science]] and Scopus.

'''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications/books/listing?sort=canonical.date%3Adesc&aggs%5BonlyShowAvailable%5D%5Bfilters%5D=true&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=BOOK%2CELEMENT&searchWithinIds=0C5182F27A492FDC81EDF8D3C53266B5 Cambridge University Press eBooks]:''' Provides access to 572 e-Books in social sciences from a collection exceeding 40,000 titles.

'''[https://consumerpyramidsdx.cmie.com/ CPDx (CMIE)]:''' Offers detailed data on household consumption, income, and savings in India, covering over 240,000 households.

'''IndiaStat:''' A statistical database offering socio-economic data across sectors such as agriculture, education, health, and environment, with 56 associated websites.

'''[https://jgatenext.com/ J-Gate]:''' An e-journal gateway indexing over 26,000 journals in social sciences and humanities, linking to more than 11 million articles.

'''[https://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]:''' An archival database providing access to over 2,800 academic journals in 75 disciplines, including economics, sociology, and education.

'''[https://prowess.cmie.com/ Prowess IQ (CMIE)]:''' A database on 55,000+ Indian firms containing financial and industrial data since 1989.

'''[https://methods.sagepub.com/ Sage Research Methods]:''' Offers 1,000+ resources, including books, videos, and case studies to support all stages of research.

'''[https://www.scopus.com/pages/home?display=basic#basic Scopus (Elsevier)]:''' A multidisciplinary citation database indexing over 44,000 journals and 22,000 books.

'''[https://www.statcraft.in/ Statcraft]:''' A web-based analytics platform using R language for statistical analysis and visualization.

'''[https://www.statista.com/ Statista]:''' A business intelligence platform providing data on 80,000 topics across 170 industries worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASSDOC Resource Portal |url=https://icssr.org/e-resources-portal}}</ref>

== ONOS Subscribed E-Resources (Social Science Focused) ==
Under the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) initiative of the [[Government of India]], NASSDOC provides additional access to key social science e-resources for academic and research purposes.

=== Major ONOS Resources ===
'''[https://www.annualreviews.org/ Annual Reviews]:''' Publishes 67 journals, including 19 in social sciences and economics.

'''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/ Cambridge University Press Journals]:''' Offers 420 peer-reviewed journals across humanities and social sciences.

'''[https://www.sciencedirect.com/ Elsevier ScienceDirect]:''' Provides access to 979 social science and humanities journals.

'''[https://www.emerald.com/ Emerald Publishing]:''' Features 300+ journals in management, education, policy, and sociology.

'''[https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx IndianJournals.com]:''' Hosts 267 Indian academic journals in social sciences, business, and agriculture.

'''[https://academic.oup.com/journals?login=true Oxford University Press Journals]:''' Provides 500 journals, including 106 in social sciences and 83 in humanities.

'''[https://muse.jhu.edu/ Project MUSE]:''' Hosts 800+ journals and open access content in humanities and social sciences.

'''[https://journals.sagepub.com/ SAGE Journals]:''' Offers over 1,440 journals, including 200 open-access titles.

'''[https://link.springer.com/ Springer Nature]:''' Provides access to 461 journals in social sciences and related fields.

'''[https://www.tandfonline.com/ Taylor & Francis]:''' Publishes 660 journals in economics, law, geography, and international studies.

'''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Wiley Journals]:''' Offers 2,000 journals globally, including 18 in social sciences and humanities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ONOS Subscribed E-Resources |url=https://icssr.org/e-resources-portal}}</ref>

== E-Library Portal and Remote Access ==
NASSDOC maintains an [https://icssr.org/e-resources-portal E-Library Portal] (also referred to as NASSDOC Online Digital Resources Access Portal) which allows remote access to subscribed electronic databases for eligible users. Users outside the physical premises can log in, given valid credentials, to access e-journals, e-books, and related digital content.

=== Digitization and Repository Initiatives ===
'''Theses Digitization''': NASSDOC has digitized over 2,000 PhD theses and made them available on CD-ROM. The long-term objective is to host them online for researcher access.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

'''Indian Social Science Periodical Literature ('''INSSPEL''')''': NASSDOC undertook a project to digitize Indian social science periodical literature published in 119 journals since inception until 1970. The digitization includes about 97,492 references.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

'''Institutional Repository and Digital Projects''': NASSDOC is working toward creating digital repositories for research project reports, union catalog integration, subject gateways, and mobile access.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

== Governance, Network, and Partnerships ==

=== Administrative Structure ===
As a division of ICSSR, NASSDOC is governed under the ICSSR’s administrative framework. The institution aligns its mission and budgetary support with the broader goals of promoting social science research in India.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

=== Network with ICSSR Regional Centres & Institutes ===
One of NASSDOC’s core functions is to assist and coordinate with ICSSR Regional Centres and ICSSR-supported research institutes, offering them library guidance, resource sharing, and linking their catalogues. NASSDOC envisions integrating or joining WebOPAC and cataloguing networks across ICSSR-affiliated institutions.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

=== Membership in Library and Information Networks ===
NASSDOC is affiliated with key professional bodies and network partnerships such as: Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centres (IASLIC) Indian Library Association ([[Indian Library Association|ILA]])International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Developing Library Network (DELNET)These partnerships help NASSDOC in resource sharing, training, standard adoption, and networking across libraries in India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haridasan |first1=Sudharma |last2=Khan |first2=Majid |title=Impact and use of e-resources by social scientists in National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC), India |journal=The Electronic Library |date=13 February 2009 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=117–133 |doi=10.1108/02640470910934632 }}</ref>

== Evaluation, User Perception, and Challenges ==

=== User Satisfaction and Environment ===
Studies on work environment in libraries surveyed library professionals across categories including NASSDOC and found that the cumulative perception of “work environment” was positive (71.3% agreement). In particular, special libraries (which include NASSDOC) scored 72.2% in that survey, indicating relatively favorable conditions among staff. However, such studies are library-general and not NASSDOC-specific. They reflect perceptions across institutions, including issues such as lighting, ventilation, social relationships, job prestige and recreational facilities. A recent survey conducted by the National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC) of the ICSSR revealed the existence of about 1,200 research institutes in India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=Partha S. |title=Accreditation of Social Science Institutes: A Preliminary Note |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=2000 |volume=35 |issue=42 |pages=3729–3732 |jstor=4409858 }}</ref>

== Impact and Significance ==
NASSDOC plays a crucial role in the Indian social sciences ecosystem: It bridges information gaps by collecting rare, unpublished, or less circulated documents that are often unavailable elsewhere. Its bibliographic databases, catalogues, and union listings reduce duplication, improve discovery, and enhance resource sharing among libraries. Through training and outreach, NASSDOC helps build capacity among librarians, researchers, and information professionals to adopt new tools and methodologies. As a central hub for ICSSR’s [[research]] infrastructure, it helps maintain coherence, standardization, and inter-institutional linkages across the social science research community. Its digital and e-resource initiatives contribute to democratizing access to research, especially for scholars located outside major metropolitan centres.<ref name="Bhatt Chand National Documentation Centres in Social Science"/> The underlying objective of ICSSR is to promote research in social sciences. There are 24 research institutions affiliated to and funded by ICSSR for carrying out research and training programmes in various social science disciplines.{{fact|date=October 2025}}

== See also ==

* [https://icssr.org/ Indian Council of Social Science Research]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ministry of Education (India)]]
[[Category:Social sciences organizations]]
[[Category:Bibliographic databases and indexes]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Delhi]]

Hindu Mission Hospital

2025-12-30T03:28:17Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created New Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Hindu Mission Hospital
| org_group =
| image = HMHHospital.JPG
| caption = Hindu Mission Hospital
| pushpin_map =
| logo = [[File:Hmhlogo.JPG|100px]]
| location = [[GST Road]], [[Tambaram]]
| region = [[Chennai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|12|55|26|N|80|6|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| healthcare = Non-profit
| type = District General
| speciality = 
| standards = 
| emergency = Yes
| affiliation =
| patron = Damal Kandalai Srinivasan
| beds = 300
| founded = 1982
| closed = 
| website = http://www.hindumissionhospital.org/
| other_links = 
}}
{{Infobox company
| key_people = [[Srinivasan K. Swamy]], President [[Damal Kandalai Srinivasan|D. K. Srinivasan]], Founder Secretary [[D. K. Sriram]], Medical Director
}}

'''The Hindu Mission Hospital''' is a 300-bed multidisciplinary district general hospital in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Spread over an area of 74,000 sq ft, the ISO 9001:2000-certified hospital is registered under Society Act of Tamil Nadu.

==Location==
The Hindu Mission Hospital is located on [[GST Road]] in [[Tambaram]], opposite [[Tambaram railway station]].

==History==
{{Stack|[[File:HmhCTOT.JPG|thumb|left|Cardio Thoracic Operation Theatre]]}}
{{Stack|[[File:HmhCathLab.JPG|thumb|left|CathLab (Angiogram & Angioplasty)]]}}
The hospital was started by [[Damal Kandalai Srinivasan|D. K. Srinivasan]], a business person and social worker and C. S. Gangadhar Sharma, a leprologist,<ref name="‘I dedicate the award to my family, doctors and staff’">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/i-dedicate-the-award-to-my-family-doctors-and-staff-d-k-srinivasan/article8171993.ece | title='I dedicate the award to my family, doctors and staff' | newspaper=The Hindu | date=30 January 2016 | access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> as an outpatient clinic in a shed on 5 December 1982.<ref name="Hindu_HMHToSetUpCriticalCareBlock">{{cite news
| last = Pain
| first = Paromita
| title = Hindu Mission Hospital to set up critical care block
| location = Chennai
| date = 27 August 2004
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/27/stories/2004082714140600.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040911165923/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/27/stories/2004082714140600.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 11 September 2004
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 5 Apr 2013}}</ref> On 14 April 1985, a 10,000 sq ft 3-storied Sri Rama Nama block was opened by the then Vice President of India, [[R. Venkataraman]]. The same year, consultation on ENT, gynaecology, and psychiatry and weekly camps on ophthalmologic surgery were started. In June 1988, the hospital started expanding on an adjacent 1.7 acre land. On 14 September 1988, an in-patient wing with 20 beds and a major operation theatre were opened and general surgeries were conducted. On 11 October 1992, a 30,000 sq ft building with 100 beds was opened. In May 1993, maternity and childcare services began. In January 1995, the ophthalmic and geriatric blocks were opened and round-the-clock laboratory became operational. On 1 November 1997, Phaco emulsification unit was started. Elisa reader and ventilator facilities were added in 1998. On 12 February 1999, a haemodialysis unit and speech therapy and audiogram facility were opened. On 3 March 2000, a blood bank was opened. In 2001, various facilities such as mammography, 300 MA x-ray unit, automatic film processor, C'Arm table, operating microscope and Yag laser were added. The blood bank too was upgraded besides the induction of a tempo traveller. In 2004, a critical care block was inaugurated. In 2007, color Doppler ultrasound scanner and stress test system were added to the hospital's facilities. In 2008, Prof. S. R. S. Varadhan Block, T. S. Santhanam Block, and cardio-thoracic block were added.<ref name="HMH_Milestones">{{cite web| title =Milestones| publisher =Hindu Mission Hospital| url =http://www.hindumissionhospital.org/milestones.htm| access-date =5 Apr 2013| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130522082355/http://www.hindumissionhospital.org/milestones.htm| archive-date =2013-05-22}}</ref>

The first ambulance service was started in May 1993 with two vans. On 14 August 1997, a third vehicle was donated by the [[Life Insurance Corporation of India|LIC of India]].<ref name="HMH_Milestones"/>

==The hospital==
The hospital is spread over an area of 74,000 sq ft and has 300 beds and 9 operation theatres. It has 7 ambulances in its fleet. Exclusive wings in the hospital include critical care with ICCU accident trauma block, cardio-thoracic block, and a dialysis wing. It serves nearly 450 outpatients every day.<ref name="Hindu_HMHToSetUpCriticalCareBlock"/>

==Civic services==
The hospital's services include projects such as "Narayana Seva", "Bhakta Jana Seva", "Annalakshmi", the Free Artificial Limb Centre and the Kidney Care Endowment. Under the Narayana Seva, free intensive medical camps for rural areas are conducted every Sunday in various villages where patients screened earlier by paramedical staff are treated. The Bhakta Jana Seva services are free rural mobile clinics popular among slums and villages around Tambaram. The Annalakshmi scheme provides a balanced diet to patients under the supervision of a dietician. The free artificial limb centre of the hospital conducts camps every Wednesday and Saturday. Medical camps for students are conducted in schools in the Tambaram locality.<ref name="Hindu_HMHToSetUpCriticalCareBlock"/>

==Funding==
The mission is funded by various organisations from the corporate sector. The Sundaram Finance Group and the TAFE group are among the first of the corporate sponsors. As part of the hospital's golden jubilee celebrations, the Sundaram Finance Group provided {{INR}} 5 million to build a critical care block with equipment on the hospital premises.<ref name="Hindu_HMHToSetUpCriticalCareBlock"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Healthcare in Chennai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hindumissionhospital.org/ Official webpage of the Hindu Mission Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130111815/http://hindumissionhospital.org/ |date=30 January 2014 }}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Health in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1985]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Chennai]]
[[Category:Mission hospitals]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Sneha Devi

2025-12-23T12:06:39Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Expand Assamese|স্নেহ দেৱী|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}

'''Sneha Devi''' (1916, in [[Jorhat]] – 5 October 1990) was an Indian writer of [[Assamese literature]]. She was awarded a posthumous [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unpublished short stories of Late Sneha Devi released |url=https://assamtribune.com/unpublished-short-stories-of-late-sneha-devi-released |access-date=13 March 2023 |work=Assam Tribune |date=15 September 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Information on Sahitya Akademi Award Winners |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/showSearchAwardsResult.jsp?year=&author=&awards=AA&language=ASSAMESE |website=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107101418/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/showSearchAwardsResult.jsp?year=&author=&awards=AA&language=ASSAMESE |archive-date=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Sisir Kumar |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |date=2005 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |page=15 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Deka |first1=Meeta |title=Women's Agency and Social Change: Assam and Beyond |date=3 September 2013 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-81-321-1654-7 |page=37 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
She was born in 1916 in Jorhat, Assam and became a notable Indian writer of [[Assamese literature]].
== Awards ==

* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1990.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Sneha}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Assam]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Assamese]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Sita Samahit Sthal

2025-12-10T09:34:57Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{Short description|Hindu Temple in Prayagraj,Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sita Samahit Sthal (Sitamarhi) Temple
| image = 61 big.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh
| map_caption = Location within Uttar Pradesh

| coordinates = {{coord|25|14|26|N|82|19|58|E|type:landmark_region:IN_scale:5000|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = सीता समाहित स्थल (सीतामढ़ी)
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bhadohi district]]
| locale = Bhadohi
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Sita]]
| festivals= [[Ram Navami]]
| architecture = [[Mandir]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1990
| creator = Sri Prakash Narayan punj
| website =
}}
'''Sita Samahit Sthal (Sitamarhi)''', the holy place of Sitamarhi is situated between [[Prayagraj]] and [[Varanasi]], near the national highway No. 2 and also connected with Prayagraj and Varanasi railway line with Jangiganj, the nearest railway station. It is a well known Hindu pilgrimage in the poorvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh .<ref name=patrika>{{cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/bhadohi-news/sita-samahit-sthal-lav-kush-janmotsav-celebration-and-mela-4818776/|title=Sita Samhit Sthal Lav Kush Janmotsav Celebration and Mela|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref>

== Mythic origins ==
It is said that this temple is the place where [[Sita]] went into the earth when she willed it while she was living in residential hermitage of Saint [[Valmiki]] in the forest of Sitamarhi. It was Saint Valmiki who wrote Ramayana. According to Ramayana and other sacred books of Hindu dharma, when Lord Rama returned from the grand victory on [[Ravana]] the powerful king of [[Lanka]]. After becoming the king of Ayodhya a big [[Yagna|yaga]] was held by Lord [[Rama]] and the horse of that grand yagya [[Ashvamedha]] was released from Ayodhya, the horse was to move in any direction or in any kingdom, the king of that kingdom should have to declare Rama as his Emperor. When the horse was wandering in the jungle of now Baripur village of [[Bhadohi]], the two sons of Sita captured the horse according to the declaration that was tagged on the forehead of the horse. All the great warriors of Lord Rama Including [[Lakshmana|Laxman]], [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]], [[Shatrughna|Saturghna]], [[Sugreev]], [[Nala (Ramayana)|Nal]]-[[Nila (Ramayana)|Neel]] were defeated in the fierce battle between the two [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lav]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]] the most powerful [[Hanuman]] was tied by them. At last the great Rama had to come to that place to fight the two children . No one knew that both boys are the prince of Ayodhaya and the son of Rama. When Rama came to the battlefield, all the holy souls of the three world comes to see the rare scene and Sita also comes to Lord Rama and said with folded palm that she served with Her all efforts and love and it was time to end this human life (note human life because they were God and Goddess) after she asked Her mother (the earth) to take her into her lap. She left behind Her two sons Luv and Kush whom Lord Rama took to the Ayodhya empire.<ref name=patrika/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File: Sitamarhi2.JPG
File: Sitamarhi1.JPG
File: Sitamarhi3.JPG
File: Sitamarhi6.JPG
File: Sitamarhi7.JPG
File: Sitamarhi8.JPG
File: Sitamarhi4.JPG
</gallery>

== References ==
*https://www.sitasamahittemple.com/
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhHVsRllcEE '''''SITA SAMAHIT STHAL VIDEO''''']
{{reflist}}

{{Bhadohi district}}

[[Category:Sita temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhadohi district]]

New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section

2025-12-07T02:16:31Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon Section (including Fakiragram-Dhubri branch line)
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = New Bongaigaon Junction Railway Station, Assam.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = New Bongaigaon Junction, an important railway station on New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section
| type =
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]]
| start = [[New Jalpaiguri railway station|New Jalpaiguri]]
| end = [[New Bongaigaon railway station|New Bongaigaon]]
| stations = 31
| routes =
| open = 1963
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway Zone (India)|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = {{convert|252|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| speed =
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = Yes
}}
The '''New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section''' of the [[Barauni–Guwahati line]] connects [[New Jalpaiguri railway station|New Jalpaiguri]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]] and [[New Bongaigaon railway station|New Bongaigaon]] in [[Assam]].

==History==
During British rule, all links from the northern part of Bengal and Assam to the rest of India were through the eastern part of Bengal. The most important connection was the {{convert|529|km}} long [[Sealdah railway station|Calcutta]]–[[Parbatipur railway station|Parbatipur]]–[[Haldibari railway station|Haldibari]]–[[Siliguri Town railway station|Siliguri]] link first established in 1878 and then developed in stages<ref name=njp>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/rinbad-siliguri.html |title=India: the complex history of the junctions at Siliguri and New Jalpaiguri |work=IRFCA| access-date=2011-11-12 }}</ref> (for details see [[Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Line]]). During the nineteenth century, [[Lalmonirhat railway station|Lalmonirhat]] was linked to the [[Dooars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bengal_Dooars_Railway&oldid=9574 |title=Bengal Dooars Railway |work= Fibis |access-date=2011-11-20 }}</ref> In pre-independence days, a {{convert|581|km}} long metre gauge line running via [[Radhikapur railway station|Radhikapur]], [[Biral railway station|Biral]], [[Parbatipur railway station|Parbatipur]], Tista, [[Gitaldaha railway station|Gitaldaha]] and [[Golokganj railway station|Golokganj]] connected [[Fakiragram railway station|Fakiragram]] in Assam with [[Katihar railway station|Katihar]] in Bihar.<ref name=faq-inter>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-inter.html |title=Geography - International |work=IRFCA |access-date=2011-12-10 }}</ref>

With the partition of India in 1947, all these links were lost. Indian Railways took up the Assam Link Project in 1948 to build a {{convert|301.8|km}} long rail link between [[Fakiragram railway station|Fakiragram]] and [[Kishanganj railway station|Kishanganj]]. [[Fakiragram railway station|Fakiragram]] was connected to the Indian railway system in 1950 through the Indian portion of North Bengal with a metre gauge track.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irse.bravehost.com/officialhistory.mht |title=Indian Railways History |work=Northeast Frontier Railway |publisher=IRSE |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235805/http://www.irse.bravehost.com/officialhistory.mht |archive-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section was partly new construction, partly old line converted to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nfr.railnet.gov.in/pro/CPRO1.HTM|title= Some Milestones of NF Railway|access-date= 2012-01-28|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111124125914/http://www.nfr.railnet.gov.in/pro/CPRO1.HTM|archive-date= 24 November 2011|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2000/05/24/stories/142440h5.htm |title=Gauge conversion project in Assam |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=24 May 2000 |access-date=2011-12-10 }}</ref> The {{convert|312|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long {{track gauge|1000mm}} meter gauge Siliguri-Jogihopa line was constructed between 1963 and 1965 & was converted to {{track gauge|1676mm}} wide {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 1998 .<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v21-4YYgocUC&q=Muri-Chandrapura+line&pg=PA60 |title = Transport Geography of India: Commodity Flow and the Regional Structure of Indian Economy| work= page 60|last= Moonis Raza & Yash Aggarwal|year = 1986|publisher= Concept Publishing Company, A-15/16 Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi - 110059| isbn = 81-7022-089-0|access-date = 2 May 2013}}</ref>

==Branch lines==
The {{convert|56.75|km}} long [[Haldibari–New Jalpaiguri line]] has gone through two successive gauge changes. As most other railway tracks in the area were [[metre gauge]], the line was converted from {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] to metre gauge in 1949. Then in 1960s when broad gauge was introduced in the area, the line was converted back to broad gauge and connected to the new station at [[New Jalpaiguri]].<ref name=njp/>

The {{convert|62.7|km}} long metre gauge branch line from Malbazar in Jalpaiguri district to [[Changrabandha railway station|Changrabandha]] in Cooch Behar district is now made into {{track gauge|1676mm}} wide {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] section in 2016 & extended {{convert|64.1|km}} further to New Coochbehar, with train service, as per the railway time table. In pre-independence days, the line was up to Mogalhat, now in Bangladesh. The present {{convert|88.3|km}} long metre gauge line on the Bangladesh side from [[Burimari railway station|Burimari]] to [[Lalmonirhat railway station|Lalmonirhat]] is still functional.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/international-links.html |title=International Links from India |author=Mohan Bhuyan |work=IRFCA |access-date=2011-12-10 }}</ref>

The Alipuduar–Bamanhat branch line ends near the India-Bangladesh border across the [[Dharla River]]. In pre-independence days, it used to connect to [[Mogalhat railway station|Mogalhat]], now in Bangladesh, across the Dharla. The bridge is broken. The line from [[Golokganj railway station|Golokganj]] meets the branch line. The {{convert|57.6|km}} New Cooch Behar–Golokganj section is newly made into broad gauge via Boxirhat. The line passed through a different alignment.<ref name=faq-inter/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101212/jsp/northeast/story_13287966.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203142338/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101212/jsp/northeast/story_13287966.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |title=Official pledges rail project by March |work=The Telegraph |date=12 December 2010 |access-date=2011-12-10 }}</ref>

The {{convert|76.5|km}} Fakiragram-Dhubri branch line was inaugurated after gauge conversion in September 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ww.telegraphindia.com/1100914/jsp/northeast/story_12931692.jsp |title=Mamata flags off two trains- Dhubri-Kamakhya link after 22-year wait |work=The Telegraph |date=14 September 2010 |access-date=2011-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002053/http://ww.telegraphindia.com/1100914/jsp/northeast/story_12931692.jsp |archive-date=26 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Electrification==
Electrification of the entire {{convert|593|km}} long Katihar–Guwahati route is in progress & expected to completed by 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/railway-electrification-project-to-touch-north-east-soon/446665/ |title=Railway electrification project to touch North East soon | work= Business Standard |date=23 August 2011 |access-date=2011-12-10 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway lines in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in North-East India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Jalpaiguri-New Bongaigaon section}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Assam]]
[[Category:Katihar railway division| ]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division| ]]
[[Category:Rangiya railway division| ]]
[[Category:Transport in Siliguri]]
[[Category:Transport in Jalpaiguri]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Bongaigaon]]

Rajavaram (Rowthulapudi mandal)

2025-12-02T16:55:38Z

MeredithRodrigue: Created Initial Info First Draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rajavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.0401|N|81.3718|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Kakinada district
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 9.29
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1199
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 1800
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 533407
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Rajavaram''' is a village in [[Rowthulapudi mandal]], [[Kakinada district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].

== Geography ==
Rajavaram is located at {{Coord|17|26|49|N|82|24|18.2|E}}.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Rajavaram had a population of 1,199.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf|title= Rajavaram Village Census 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Rowthulapudi mandal]]

Ghanta Ghar (Jodhpur)

2025-11-28T17:23:51Z

MeredithRodrigue: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Clock tower in Jodhpur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
[[File:Jodhpur Clock Tower.jpg|thumbnail|upright|Ghanta Ghar]]
{{Coord|26.295122|73.024044|display=title}}'''Ghanta Ghar''', also known as the [[clock tower]] of [[Rajasthan]], is in the Indian city of [[Jodhpur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://travel.sulekha.com/royal-experience-in-the-blue-city-jodhpur_travelogue_589973 |title=Royal Experience in the Blue City - Jodhpur - Travelogue |website=travel.sulekha.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411211712/http://travel.sulekha.com/royal-experience-in-the-blue-city-jodhpur_travelogue_589973 |archive-date=11 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-05-10 |title=घंटाघर जोधपुर का इतिहास-Ghanta Ghar Jodhpur History hindi - Times Of NS |url=https://timesofns.com/2021/05/%e0%a4%98%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%98%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%87%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8-ghanta-ghar-jodh/.html |access-date=2022-06-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173112/https://timesofns.com/2021/05/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8-ghanta-ghar-jodh/.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==

Construction of Ghanta Ghar began in 1909 under the direction of Maharaja [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Sardar Singh]], aiming to modernize [[Jodhpur]] by introducing a public clock tower akin to those in [[List of metropolitan areas in Europe|European cities]]. The clock mechanism was imported from England and was installed in 1910. The tower immediately became the sole reliable timekeeper for the local populace in an era before pocket watches were common<ref>{{cite web |title=Clock Tower Jodhpur – History, Description & Facts |website=JodhpurTour.com |url=https://www.jodhpurtour.com/clock-tower-jodhpur.php |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref>

== Structure ==
Ghanta Ghar rises in a five‑tiered structure crowned by a magnificent dome. The ground level presents a broad square base adorned with ornate patios and intricately carved jharokhas, all encircled by an octagonal stone railing that transforms the tower into a commanding roundabout at the heart of the city. The first and second tiers boast elaborately carved stone balconies, while the fourth tier proudly displays the iconic clock, sourced from the same UK maker as [[London|London’s]] [[Big Ben]] set within segmental pediments and framed by bold [[Roman numerals]]. At the summit, a delicate chhatri gallery of arches and pillars supports the barrel‑shaped dome, and within, a winding spiral staircase leads up to the original clockwork chamber, where the precise mechanics continue to tick after more than a century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore the Historical Ghanta Ghar of Jodhpur |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/rajasthan/jodhpur/ghanta-ghar |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}</ref> The observation deck of Ghanta Ghar rises to approximately 70 ft (21 m) on a square sandstone plinth, constructed entirely of locally quarried red sandstone, Jodhpur’s signature building material<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clock Tower Jodhpur |url=https://jodhpurtourism.in/clock-tower-jodhpur |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=jodhpurtourism.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Geography of Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower), Jodhpur
|-
| '''Location''' || Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
|-
| '''Latitude''' || 26.3046° N
|-
| '''Longitude''' || 73.0248° E
|-
| '''Elevation''' || 241 meters (791 ft) above sea level
|-
| '''Climate''' || Arid, with very hot summers and mild winters
|-
| '''Architecture''' || Built in 1910, featuring a blend of European and Rajput architectural styles
|-
| '''Height''' || Approximately 29 meters (95 ft) tall
|}

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Jodhpur}}

[[Category:Clock towers in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jodhpur]]

Panipat Junction railway station

2025-11-20T12:07:00Z

MeredithRodrigue:

{{short description|Railway station in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Panipat Junction
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railway]] and [[Delhi Suburban Railway]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Pnp junction.jpg
| image_caption = Night View of Panipat Junction
| address = Railway Road, Geeta Colony, Panipat, Haryana
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|29.389|N|76.964|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|235|m|ft}}
| line = {{unbulleted list|[[Delhi–Kalka line]] | [[Panipat–Jind branch line]] | [[Panipat–Rohtak branch line]]}}
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 5
| tracks = 14 {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| entrances =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| opened = 1897
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = PNP<ref name="stn_code" />
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Delhi}}
}}
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers = 40,000
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Haryana
| map_dot_label = Panipat railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Haryana
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
|line=Northern Railway zone|left=Samalkha|right=Babarpur|type=[[Delhi–Kalka line]]
|line2=Northern Railway zone|left2=|right2=Madlauda|type2=[[Panipat–Jind branch line]]
|line3=Northern Railway zone|left3=|right3=Binjhol|type3=[[Panipat–Rohtak branch line]]}}
}}
'''Panipat Junction Railway Station''' (station code: PNP<ref name="stn_code">{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/Station_code.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=7 |format=PDF |date=2023–24}}</ref>) is located in [[Panipat district]] in the Indian state of [[Haryana]] and serves the historic and industrial town of [[Panipat]].

==History==
{{main|Northern_Railway_zone#History | label 1 = Northern Railway zone history}}

The [[Delhi–Kalka line|Delhi–Panipat–Ambala–Kalka line]] was opened in 1891.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title = IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899)| publisher= IRFCA | accessdate = 3 March 2014 }}</ref>

Sabjimandi–Sonipat–Panipat–Karnal sector was electrified in 1992–1995.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 3 March 2014}}</ref>

Panipat–Jind line and Panipat–Rohtak line were electrified in 2018–19.

==The railway station==
Panipat junction railway station is a major junction in Delhi-NCR. In Panipat 118 trains halt here with 40,000 person travels daily. It is an A grade category station. It has 5 platforms for trains. It has major facilities available like many ticket counters, automatic ticket machine, fully computerized ticket reservation, automatic water machine, AC waiting hall, well shed sheltered, washroom, foot overbridge, water facility, book stall, lift, wi-fi connectivity, food stalls, bicycle stand, auto stand, car stand, CCTV camera, mall yard, washing line and other facilities. Major trains stops for Shatabdi, Jan Shatabdi, Sampark Kranti, Garib Rath, AC Express, Superfast, Mail-Express, Intercity, Ladies Special EMU and other Passenger trains. It is at an elevation of {{convert|235|m|ft}} and was assigned the code – PNP.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/panipat-junction-pnp/666 |title= Arrivals at Panipat Junction|publisher=India Rail Info| accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref>

Panipat Junction has been selected for upgrading under the "400 Stations" development project.

==Existing rail lines==
Delhi–Kalka line, Delhi–Amritsar line,
Delhi–Jammu line,
Panipat–Jind line,
Panipat–Rohtak line
connected and upcoming purposed Panipat–Meerut line via Muzaffarnagar,
Panipat–Haridwar line,
Panipat-Rewari double line, via Asthal Bohar, Jhajjar or Bypass by the Rohtak Junction
Panipat-Assoti Double line via Farukh Nagar, Patli, Manesar, Palwal.

==Construction projects for new rail lines ==
'''Delhi–Chandigarh–Amritsar high-speed rail corridor''', 459 km corridor costing 1 lakh crore, has bene approved by the railway board and construction will commence in year 2028. The route will pass through Delhi–Panipat–Ambala–Chandigarh–Ludhiana–Jalandhar–Amritsar

[[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] approved [[Delhi–Panipat RRTS]]. Construction work will start in year 2023. Cost of this corridor around 21,627 crore. At four major stops in Panipat: Panipat Depot, Panipat North, Panipat South and Samalkha.

Panipat–Meerut rail line, costing Rs 3540 crore, construction work will commence in year 2023.

Delhi–Chandigarh semi-high-speed rail corridor with 200 km/h via Ambala Cantt and Panipat will commence construction work in 2023. Cost of this corridor 11,218 crore.

==See also==
* [[Railway in Haryana]]
* [[Highways in Haryana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/panipat-junction-pnp/666 Trains at Panipat]
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Panipat}}

{{Railway stations in Haryana}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Panipat district]]
[[Category:Delhi railway division]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Haryana]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1897]]
[[Category:Transport in Panipat]]

Murlikant Petkar

2025-10-18T15:07:30Z

MeredithRodrigue: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|Indian swimmer (born 1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Murlikant Rajaram Petkar
| image = Murlikant Petkar.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Petkar in 2019
| nickname = Chandu Champion
| nationality = [[India]]n
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|1 November 1944}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://murlikantpetkar.com/|title=Padmashri Muralikant Petkar – India's First Paralympic Gold Medalist|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203120928/https://murlikantpetkar.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = Sangli, Maharashtra
| country = [[India]]
| sport = [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]], [[javelin]], [[Slalom skiing|slalom]], [[table tennis]], [[shot put]], [[Boxing]]
| disability = Yes
| disability_class =
| event =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| paralympics =
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| | allegiance ={{flag|India|name=India}}
| unit = [[File:Flag of the Corps of EME.svg|20px]] [[Indian Army Corps of EME|EME]]
| branch = {{army|IND}}
| rank = Craftsman
| awards = [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|25px]] [[Padma Shri]]
}}
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport |[[Freestyle swimming]]}}
{{MedalCountry |{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition |[[Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]
{{MedalGold |[[Swimming at the 1972 Summer Paralympics|1972 Heidelberg]] |50 m [[freestyle swimming]]}}
| updated =
}}
'''Murlikant Petkar''' (born 1 November 1944) is India's first [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] gold medalist. He won an individual gold medal in the [[1972 Summer Paralympics]], in [[Heidelberg]], Germany. He set a world record in the 50 m [[freestyle swimming]] event, at 37.33 seconds. In the same games he participated in [[javelin throw]], precision javelin throw, and [[Wheelchair_sport_classification#slalom|wheelchair slalom]]. He was a finalist in all three events.<ref name="Indians at the Paralympics">{{cite web | url=http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/search.php?gender=all&medal=all&npc=IND&games=all&sport=all | title=Athlete Search Results | publisher=IPC | work=Athletes at the Paralympics | access-date=August 8, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831023810/http://www.paralympic.org/ipc_results/search.php?gender=all&medal=all&npc=IND&games=all&sport=all | archive-date=August 31, 2012 }}</ref><ref>Note: [https://www.topendsports.com/events/paralympics/sports/wheelchair-slalom.htm Wheelchair Slalom was an event at the Summer Paralympics from 1964 to 1988.], topendsports.com, accessed 28 Sept 2025.</ref> In 2018, he was awarded with the [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-padma-awards-2018-announced-ms-dhoni-sharda-sinha-among-85-recipients-here-s-complete-list-424273|title=Padma awards 2018 announced, MS Dhoni, Sharda Sinha among 85 recipients: Here's complete list|publisher=India TV|date=25 January 2018|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126125740/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-padma-awards-2018-announced-ms-dhoni-sharda-sinha-among-85-recipients-here-s-complete-list-424273|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also awarded the [[Arjuna Award]] for Lifetime Achievement in 2024, which was presented to him in January 2025.

==Biography==
Petkar was born in ''Peth Islampur'' village of [[Sangli district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://murlikantpetkar.com/life-journey/ | title=Life Journey – Padmashri Muralikant Petkar | access-date=3 February 2023 | archive-date=3 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203121627/https://murlikantpetkar.com/life-journey/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Growing up, Petkar had a deep passion for sports, particularly boxing, a sport that demands not just physical strength but also mental fortitude. His talent in the ring quickly became evident, and it wasn’t long before the [[Indian Army]] took notice.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Murlikant Petkar: From War Hero to India's First
|url=https://crossbarriers.org/murlikant-petkar/ |access-date=August 13, 2024 |website=Cross Barriers}}</ref> He was private or ''[[Sepoy|jawan]]'' of the craftsman rank in the [[Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers]] (EME) in the [[Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia#Soldiers|Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgzfAAAAMAAJ&q=petkar+paraplegic|title=Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces|date=22 May 1981|publisher=Director of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence|via=Google Books|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809130731/https://books.google.com/books?id=SgzfAAAAMAAJ&q=petkar+paraplegic|url-status=live}}</ref> He was disabled during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 war against Pakistan]], sustaining severe bullet wounds. He faced 9 bullets, 8 of which were removed, but one had lodged deeply in his spine, disabling him from under the waist. He was admitted to [[INHS Asvini]] (an [[Indian Navy]] Hospital) in [[Bombay]]. Before his disability,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBDfAAAAMAAJ&q=who+is+swimmer+petkar+1972|title=Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces|date=22 May 1981|publisher=Director of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence|via=Google Books|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809130732/https://books.google.com/books?id=SBDfAAAAMAAJ&q=who+is+swimmer+petkar+1972|url-status=live}}</ref> Petkar was originally a boxer at EME, [[Secunderabad]]. After he got disabled, he switched to swimming and other sports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=18&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=09-09-2010&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Chennai+-+Times+Sport&edname=&articleid=Ar01800&format=&publabel=TOI|title=TOI e-paper article}}</ref> He participated in [[table tennis]] at the [[1968 Summer Paralympics]] and cleared the first round. He won four medals in [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]].<ref name=aw1/>

He was later employed by [[Tata Motors|TELCO]] in [[Pune]]. On the 20th March 2018, Murlikant was awarded the Padma Shri Award for his sports achievement.<ref name=aw1>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0I7AAAAIAAJ&q=who+is+swimmer+petkar+1972|title=Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation in Asia|date=22 May 1973|via=Google Books|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809130735/https://books.google.com/books?id=h0I7AAAAIAAJ&q=who+is+swimmer+petkar+1972|url-status=live}}</ref>

== In media ==

=== Biographical film ===
{{Main article|Chandu Champion}}
''[[Chandu Champion]]'' is a Hindi-language sports drama film based on the life of Murlikant Petkar, directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] and enacted by [[Kartik Aaryan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartik Aaryan shares the first pic from the sets of Chandu Champion with Kabir Khan |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-shares-the-first-pic-from-the-sets-of-chandu-champion-with-kabir-khan-59810.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801155945/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-shares-the-first-pic-from-the-sets-of-chandu-champion-with-kabir-khan-59810.html |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-01 |title=Chandu Champion first look: Kartik Aaryan looks sharp as he turns 'Real Hero' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chandu-champion-first-look-kartik-aaryan-looks-sharp-as-he-turns-real-hero/articleshow/102307240.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801155945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chandu-champion-first-look-kartik-aaryan-looks-sharp-as-he-turns-real-hero/articleshow/102307240.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[India at the Paralympics]]
* [[India at the 1968 Summer Paralympics]]
* [[India at the 1972 Summer Paralympics]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://mbbatmi.in/olympic-india-muralidhar-petkar-story/ Indian Paralympic first gold medal achieve Muralidhar petter]
{{Paralympic medalists for India}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Petkar, Murlikant}}
[[Category:Indian male freestyle swimmers]]
[[Category:Paralympic swimmers for India]]
[[Category:Paralympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1972 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Swimmers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Boxers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian male boxers]]
[[Category:Indian men javelin throwers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in swimming]]
[[Category:1944 births]]