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Bharatiya Janata Party – Kerala

2026-05-08T06:17:29Z

Meet: Done!

{{short description|Kerala affiliate of the Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| name = Bharatiya Janata Party – Kerala
| colorcode = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| national = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
| students = [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]
| logo = [[File:Logo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.svg|150px]]
| abbreviation = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| president = [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]<ref name="Rajeev Chandrasekhar elected as new Kerala BJP President">{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/rajeev-chandrasekhar-takes-over-as-kerala-bjp-president-invokes-20th-century-social-reformer-12973340.html|title=Rajeev Chandrasekhar takes over as Kerala BJP president, invokes 20th century social reformer|work=Moneycontrol|accessdate=24 March 2025}}</ref>
| chairman =
| general_secretary =
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]] - 695014
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Saffron (color)|Saffron]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|20|hex=#FF9933}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|9|hex=#FF9933}}
| state_seats_name = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|3|140|hex=#FF9933}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.keralabjp.org/}}
| symbol = [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]] [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|130px]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|p=y|1980|4|6|br=y}}
| flag = BJP Flag.svg{{!}}border
| eci =
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
}}

The '''Bharatiya Janata Party – Kerala''' , is the [[Kerala]] state unit of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]], a major national political party in India. While BJP has held significant power at the national level, its influence in Kerala has historically been limited, given the dominance of the [[Left Democratic Front]] (LDF) led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and on the other side, the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF) alliance particularly the [[Indian National Congress]].

Despite this, the party has steadily built a base in urban pockets through active participation in socio-political movements and national support since the premiership of [[Narendra Modi]] in form of media dominance, corporate funding and organisational expansion. Historically a minor player in Kerala's electoral politics, BJP won its first assembly constituency in 2016 by winning in [[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]] and [[Suresh Gopi]] became the first BJP MP elected from Kerala in 2024. BJP Kerala is headquartered in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and is currently led by [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]].<ref name="Rajeev Chandrasekhar elected as new Kerala BJP President"/> It currently holds 1 seat in the [[Lok Sabha]] but no seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]] from the state, since it does not have any seats in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].

The party won its first ever [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Kerala in [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]] when party veteran [[O. Rajagopal]] defeated [[V. Sivankutty]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] in [[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/bjp-s-o-rajagopal-wins-from-nemom-gives-bjp-its-first-seat-in-kerala-assembly/story-VQValGaor9IZO38TB9YL7N.html|title=BJP's O Rajagopal wins from Nemom, gives BJP its first seat in Kerala assembly|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=20 May 2016}}</ref> However, the party lost the Nemom seat in the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]] election by a narrow margin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/kerala/kerala-assembly-election-results-2021-why-bjp-failed-to-retain-its-only-seat-in-the-state-981676.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results 2021: Why BJP failed to retain its only seat in the state|work=Deccan Herald|accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref> The party won its first-ever [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from the state in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]] when actor-turned politician [[Suresh Gopi]] defeated [[V. S. Sunil Kumar]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] in [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency|Thrissur]] by a margin of 74,686 votes, marking a significant event for the party in Kerala that has historically been dominated by the Communist-led [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]] and Congress-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-lok-sabha-election-2024-results-live-updates-kl-result-bjp-suresh-gopi-congress-k-muraleedharan-cpi-sunil-kumar-101717467718515.html|title=BJP's Lok Sabha debut in Kerala: Suresh Gopi wins in Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency by 74,686 votes|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=4 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Jun/07/bjp-gains-ground-amid-erosion-of-left-votes-in-kerala|title=BJP gains ground amid erosion of Left votes in Kerala|work=The New Indian Express|accessdate=7 June 2024}}</ref>

== History ==
The BJP's roots in Kerala trace back to the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, established in 1951. After the formation of BJP in 1980, the Kerala unit was officially organized, aiming to expand the party's ideology in a state dominated by the Congress and Left parties.

=== Key milestones ===
* 1980s–90s: Limited electoral success; groundwork through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) network.
* 1991: First notable impact in the Assembly elections.
* 2004–2014: Emergence in urban areas like Thiruvananthapuram and Palakkad.
* 2016: Historic breakthrough with '''O. Rajagopal''' winning the '''Nemom Assembly''' seat—'''the first BJP MLA in Kerala'''.
* 2021: BJP Kerala Lost Nemom and failed to win any Assembly seats, but gained vote share in several constituencies.
* 2024: '''Suresh Gopi''', a popular Malayalam actor and Rajya Sabha MP, '''wins the Thrissur Lok Sabha seat''', marking '''BJP's first-ever victory in Lok Sabha election from Kerala'''.This victory was seen as a symbolic and strategic breakthrough for the party in Kerala.
* 2025: Rajeev Chandrasekhar appointed as the new State President on '''24 March 2025'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rajeev-chandrasekhar-kerala-bjp-chief-former-union-minister-9901455|title=Rajeev Chandrasekhar set to be Kerala BJP chief: Why party chose the former Union Minister|work=Indian Express/|accessdate=24 March 2025}}</ref>
* 2025: Kerala Local Body Elections marked a historic political breakthrough for the BJP/NDA, with the alliance '''winning Kerala’s first-ever Municipal Corporation''' by emerging as the single largest front in '''Thiruvananthapuram''', securing '''26 Gram Panchayats''' across multiple districts, strengthening its presence in '''key municipalities like Palakkad and Thrippunithura''', and signaling the rise of a competitive third front as the party expanded its urban footprint, deepened grassroots influence, and reshaped Kerala’s traditionally bipolar political landscape.
* 2026: In 2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Bharatiya Janata Party achieved its best-ever performance in the state, winning three seats (Nemom, Kazhakoottam, and Chathannoor) and securing its first multi-seat representation in the assembly.

== Organizational Structure ==

The following is the current organizational structure of the Bharatiya Janata Party – Kerala as of July 2025:

=== BJP Kerala Organizational Structure (2025) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" text-align:left;"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black;" | Position
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black;" | Name
|-
| State President || [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
|-
| General Secretaries ||
* M. T. Ramesh
* [[Sobha Surendran]]
* S. Suresh
* Anoop Antony Joseph
|-
| Vice Presidents ||
* [[K. S. Radhakrishnan]]
* C. Sadanandan
* P. Sudheer
* C. Krishnakumar
* B. Gopalakrishnan
* Dr. Abdul Salam
* [[R. Sreelekha]] (Retd. IPS)
* K. Soman
* K. K. Aneesh Kumar
* Shaun George
|-
| State Secretaries ||
* Ashokan Kulanada
* K. Ranjith
* Renu Suresh
* V. V. Rajesh
* Pandalam Prathapan
* Jiji Joseph
* M. V. Gopakumar
* Poonthura Sreekumar
* P. Shyamraj
* M. P. Anjana Ranjith
|-
| State Spokesperson || Palode Santhosh
|-
| Treasurer || E. Krishnadas
|-
| Social Media Convener || Abhijith R. Nair
|-
| Media Convener || Sandeep Somanath
|-
| State Cell Coordinator || V. K. Sajeevan
|-
| Zonal Presidents ||
* K. Sreekanth
* V. Unnikrishnan
* A. Nagesh
* N. Hari
* B. B. Gopakumar
|}

===List of State Presidents - BJP Kerala===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |No<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralabjp.org/former-presidents/|title=List of former presidents of BJP Kerala|work=Kerala BJP|accessdate=24 March 2025}}</ref>
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Portrait
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Name
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Term of Office
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|[[File:O Rajagopal.jpg|80px]]
|[[O. Rajagopal]]
|1980
|1985
|- style="text-align:center;"
|2
|[[File:Kgmarar.webp|80px]]
|[[K. G. Marar]]
|1985
|1990
|- style="text-align:center;"
|3
|[[File:K Raman Pillai.jpg|80px]]
|K. Raman Pillai
|1990
|1994
|- style="text-align:center;"
|(2)
|[[File:Kgmarar.webp|80px]]
|[[K. G. Marar]]
|1994
|1995
|- style="text-align:center;"
|4
|
[[File:Kv-sreedharan-master.jpg|80px]]
|K. V. Sreedharan Master
|1995
|1998
|- style="text-align:center;"
|5
|[[File:CK Padmanabhan.jpg|80px]]
|[[:ml:സി.കെ. പത്മനാഭൻ|C. K. Padmanabhan]]
|1998
|2003
|- style="text-align:center;"
|6
|[[File:PS Sreedharan Pillai.jpg|80px]]
|[[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]
|2003
|2006
|- style="text-align:center;"
|7
|[[File:P.k krishnadas.jpg|80px]]
|P. K. Krishna Das
|2006
|2009
|- style="text-align:center;"
|8
|[[File:Vellamvelly Muraleedharan and Gustavo Zlauvinen 02 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|[[V. Muraleedharan]]
|2009
|2015
|- style="text-align:center;"
|9
|[[File:Kummanam Rajasekharan.png|80px]]
|[[Kummanam Rajasekharan]]
|2015
|2018
|- style="text-align:center;"
|(6)
|[[File:PS Sreedharan Pillai.jpg|80px]]
|[[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]
|2018
|2019
|- style="text-align:center;"
|10<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/kunnummel-surendran-appointed-as-bjps-kerala-unit-president-2180763|title=BJP Appoints K Surendran As Kerala Unit President|work=NDTV|accessdate=24 March 2025}}</ref>
|[[File:K. Surendran (Kerala politician).jpg|80px]]
|[[K. Surendran (politician)|K. Surendran]]
|2 February 2020
|23 March 2025
|- style="text-align:center;"
|11<ref name="Rajeev Chandrasekhar elected as new Kerala BJP President"/>
|[[File:Rajeev Chandrasekhar with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|[[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
|24 March 2025
|[[Incumbent]]
|}

==Electoral Performance : Lok Sabha Elections==
Over the years, the Bharatiya Janatha Party (BJP) has worked to expand its presence in Kerala's political landscape, particularly through its participation in Lok Sabha elections. Although the party won its first parliamentary seat in 2024, it has made notable inroads in several constituencies reflecting a gradual increase in public support. The table below outlines BJP's performance in various Lok Sabha elections in Kerala, highlighting its vote share, seats won, and outcome.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Year
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Voteshare (%)
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |+/- (%)
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |Outcome
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#1E90FF; color:black;" ! |[[Janata Party]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1980 Indian general election in Kerala|1980]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Janata Party}}}}
| 6.7%
| New
| {{partial|Others}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1984 Indian general election in Kerala|1984]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1984 elections in Kerala as separate parties. JP was part of the UDF alliance whereas BJP fought as a Third Front.}}
| {{Composition bar|1|20|{{party color|Janata Party}}}}
| 2.1%
| {{decrease}}4.6%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;" ! |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1984 Indian general election in Kerala|1984]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1984 elections in Kerala as separate parties. JP was part of the UDF alliance whereas BJP fought as a Third Front.}}
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 1.8%
| New
| {{partial|Others}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1989 Indian general election in Kerala|1989]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 4.5%
| {{increase}}2.7%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1991 Indian general election in Kerala|1991]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 4.6%
| {{increase}}0.1%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1996 Indian general election in Kerala|1996]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 5.6%
| {{increase}}1%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1998 Indian general election in Kerala|1998]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 8%
| {{increase}}2.4%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1999 Indian general election in Kerala|1999]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 6.6%
| {{decrease}}1.4%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2004 Indian general election in Kerala|2004]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 10.4%
| {{increase}}3.8%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2009 Indian general election in Kerala|2009]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 6.3%
| {{decrease}}4.1%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2014 Indian general election in Kerala|2014]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 10.5%
| {{increase}}4.2%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2019 Indian general election in Kerala|2019]]
| {{Composition bar|0|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 13%
| {{increase}}2.5%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2024 Indian general election in Kerala|2024]]
| {{Composition bar|1|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 16.8%
| {{increase}}3.8%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|}

===Elected Members to Lok Sabha===
====2024 Lok Sabha election in Kerala====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|S.No.
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Election Year
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Constituency Name
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Portrait
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Name
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote Received
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote %
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote Margin
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Position Held
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Remarks
|-
| align=center | 01.
| align=center | 2024
| align=center | [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency|Thrissur]]
| [[File:Suresh Gopi addressing the media after assuming charge as the Minister of State for Tourism.jpg|80px]]
| align=center | [[Suresh Gopi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/lok-sabha-polls-bjp-opens-account-in-kerala-as-suresh-gopi-wins-in-thrissur/article68250910.ece|title=BJP opens account in Kerala as Suresh Gopi wins in Thrissur|work=The Hindu|accessdate=4 June 2024}}</ref>
| align=center | 412,338
| align=center | 37.80
| align=center | '''74,686'''
| align=center | <ul><li>MoS Petroleum & Natural Gas</li><li>MoS Tourism</li></ul>
| align=center | First elected BJP MP from Kerala
|}

==Electoral Performance : Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections==
The Bharatiya Janatha Party (BJP) has steadily expanded its efforts in Kerala's state politics, contesting Assembly elections with the goal of emerging as a signinficant political force. Despite the dominance of the CPI(M)-led LDF and the Congress-led UDF, the BJP marked a historic breakthrough in the 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections, when O. Rajagopal won from Nemom constituency, becoming the first BJP MLA in the state's history. While the party was unable to retain the seat in the 2021 elections, its growing vote share in key constituencies reflects an evolving support base and continued political relevance within Kerala's complex electoral landscape.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"| Year
! style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"| Seats won
! style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"| Voteshare (%)
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" |+/- (%)
! style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"| Outcome
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#1E90FF; color:black;" ! |[[Janata Party]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Composition bar|5|140|{{party color|Janata Party}}}}
| 7.6%
| New
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1982 assembly elections in Kerala as separate parties.}}
| {{Composition bar|4|140|{{party color|Janata Party}}}}
| 4%
| {{decrease}}3.6%
| {{partial|Others}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1987 assembly elections in Kerala as separate parties. JP was part of the LDF alliance whereas BJP fought as a Third Front.}}
| {{Composition bar|7|140|{{party color|Janata Party}}}}
| 3.8%
| {{decrease}}0.2%
| {{yes2|Government}}
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;" ! |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1982 assembly elections in Kerala as separate parties}}
|{{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 2.8%
| New
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]{{efn|Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party both fought the 1987 assembly elections in Kerala as separate parties. JP was part of the LDF alliance whereas BJP fought as a Third Front.}}
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 5.6%
| {{increase}}2.8%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 4.8%
| {{decrease}}0.8%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|{{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 5.5%
| {{increase}}0.7%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 5%
| {{decrease}}0.5%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 4.7%
| {{decrease}}0.3%
| {{partial|Others}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 6%
| {{increase}}1.3%
| {{partial|Others}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| {{Composition bar|1|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 10.6%
| {{increase}}4.6%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| {{Composition bar|0|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 11.3%
| {{increase}}0.8%
| {{partial|Others}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| {{Composition bar|3|140|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| 11.42%
| {{increase}}0.12%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|}

===Elected Members to Kerala Legislative Assembly===
====2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|S.No.
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Election Year
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Constituency Name
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Portrait
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Name
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote Received
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote %
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Vote Margin
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Position Held
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black" rowspan=2|Remarks
|-
| align=center | 01.
| align=center | 2016
| align=center | [[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]]
| [[File:O Rajagopal.jpg|80px]]
| align=center | [[O. Rajagopal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/o-rajagopal-helps-bjp-register-maiden-win-in-kerala-324439-2016-05-19|title=O Rajagopal helps BJP register maiden win in Kerala|work=India Today|accessdate=19 May 2016}}</ref>
| align=center | 67,813
| align=center | 47.46
| align=center | '''8,671'''
| align=center | Opposition MLA
| align=center | First BJP MLA in Kerala
|}

====2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|S.No.
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Election
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" colspan=2|Constituency
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Portrait
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Name
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Votes Received
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Vote %
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Vote Margin
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Position Held
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" rowspan=2|Remarks
|-
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |No.
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
|-
| align=center | 01.
| rowspan=3 align=center | [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| 126
| align=center | [[Chathannoor Assembly constituency|Chathannoor]]
| [[File:B.B.GOPAKUMARBJP.jpg|80px]]
| B. B. Gopakumar
| align=center | 51,923
| align=center | 38.54
| align=center | '''4,398'''
| rowspan=3 align=center | [[Kerala Legislative Assembly#Current members (2026)|MLA]]
| rowspan=3 align=center | Awaiting
|-
| align=center | 02.
| 132
| align=center | [[Kazhakootam Assembly constituency|Kazhakootam]]
| [[File:MuraleedharanBJP.jpg|80px]]
| [[V. Muraleedharan]]
| align=center | 46,564
| align=center | 35.39
| align=center | '''428'''
|-
| align=center | 03.
| 135
| align=center | [[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]]
| [[File:Rajeev Chandrasekhar with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
| align=center | 57,192
| align=center | 40.75
| align=center | '''4,978'''
|}

==Electoral Performance : Local Body Elections==
===Kerala Local Body Elections Summary===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Year
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Gram Panchayats
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Block Panchayats
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | District Panchayats
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Municipalities
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Corporations
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black; text-align:center;" | Total
|-
| 2015
| style="text-align:right;" | 14 / 941 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 152 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 14 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 1 / 87 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 6 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 15 / 1,200 - (0)
|-
| 2020
| style="text-align:right;" | 19 / 941 ▲ (+5)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 152 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 14 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 2 / 87 ▲ (+1)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 6 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 21 / 1,200 ▲ (+6)
|-
| 2025
| style="text-align:right;" | 26 / 941 ▲ (+7)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 152 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 0 / 14 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 2 / 86 - (0)
| style="text-align:right;" | 1 / 6 ▲ (+1)
| style="text-align:right;" | 29 / 1,200 ▲ (+8)
|}

'''2025 Election Summary: '''
* NDA’s Gram Panchayat victories are spread across eight districts, with the strongest clusters in Thiruvanathapuram (6), Kollam (2), Pathanamthitta (4), Alappuzha (5), Kottayam (3), Thrissur (1), Palakkad (2), and Kasaragod (3). The wins are geographically diverse, covering southern, central, and northern Kerala, reflecting steady grassroots expansion in both rural and semi-urban belts.
* Palakkad Municipality retained by NDA for a third term (though without an outright majority this time), highlighting localized organizational strength.
* Thrippunithura Municipality won by NDA from UDF, marking a significant gain.

===Municipal Corporation Elections===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:black" | Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:black" | Municipal Corporation
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:black" | Seats won
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:black" | Change in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:black" | Government
|-
!colspan=8|[[Kannur district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Kannur Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|0|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|None
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|1|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}1
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|4|56|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}3
|Opposition
|-
!colspan=8|[[Ernakulam district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Kochi Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|2|74|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|5|74|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}3
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|6|76|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}1
|Opposition
|-
!colspan=8|[[Kollam district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|2|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|
|Opposition
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|6|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}4
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|12|56|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}6
|Opposition
|-
!colspan=8|[[Kozhikode district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Kozhikode Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|7|75|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|7|75|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|13|76|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}6
|Opposition
|-
!colspan=8|[[Thrissur district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|6|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|6|55|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|8|56|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
|Opposition
|-
!colspan=8|[[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
|-
|[[2015 Kerala local elections|2015]]
|rowspan=3|[[Thiruvananthapuram Corporation|Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Composition bar|35|100|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2020 Kerala local elections|2020]]
|{{Composition bar|35|100|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Opposition
|-
|[[2025 Kerala local elections|2025]]
|{{Composition bar|50|101|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}}15
|Government
|-
|}

* In the [[2025 Kerala local elections|local body elections of 2025 in Kerala]], the Bharatiya Janata Party–led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) secured 50 seats in the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation, emerging as the single largest political front and displacing the Left Democratic Front (LDF) from control after several decades. '''BJP has created history by winning its first-ever municipal corporation in Kerala.''' The outcome was widely interpreted by political observers as a notable development for the BJP in Kerala, a state where the party has traditionally had limited electoral success. Analysts commented that the result signalled a shift in the political dynamics of the state’s urban centres. Following the elections, the BJP projected R. Sreelekha, a former Indian Police Service officer, as its mayoral candidate, with party leaders emphasising her administrative experience and governance credentials.

== National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in Kerala ==
Bharatiya Janata Party – Kerala is a constituent of the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), a centre-right political coalition in India led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) at the national level. The NDA was founded on 15 May 1998 and currently forms the Government of India under the leadership of the BJP.

In Kerala, political power has traditionally been dominated by the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the United Democratic Front (UDF), with the NDA being a smaller third front in the state’s electoral landscape. As part of the NDA front in Kerala, the BJP has cultivated alliances with regional parties to expand its electoral footprint and contest elections (both state assembly and local bodies) in collaboration:

* '''Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)''' is the principal constituent of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in Kerala. As the Kerala state unit of the BJP, it leads the coalition’s political strategy in the state and collaborates with regional partners to contest elections and expand its presence in a state historically dominated by the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the United Democratic Front (UDF).

* '''Twenty20''' is a regional political party in Kerala founded by industrialist [[Sabu M. Jacob]] and backed by the '''KITEX''' Group. It formally joined the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance ahead of the 2026 Kerala Assembly elections, bringing its local body electoral strengths, particularly in panchayats such as Kizhakkambalam, into the NDA fold and aiming to boost the alliance’s political footprint.

* '''[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena (BDJS)]]''' is a regional party in Kerala established in December 2015 by leaders associated with the '''[[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam|Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP)]]'''. It is a constituent member of the NDA in Kerala, functioning as an allied formation to the BJP and contributing to the coalition’s efforts to broaden its electoral base in the state.

* '''[[Kerala Kamaraj Congress|Kerala Kamaraj Congress (KKC)]]''' is a state political party founded in October 2016 and aligned with the National Democratic Alliance in Kerala. Led by Vishnupuram Chandrasekharan, KKC has participated in elections under the NDA banner and maintained its association with the coalition while contesting local constituencies.

== Controversies ==

* On 27 August 2025, The BJP Kerala Vice President C Krishnakumar faces sexual assault charges by someone who was close to his wife. This claim was denied by the Vice President himself.He alleged that former BJP leader Sandeep Warrior, who recently joined the Congress following differences with the party leadership, was the person behind the woman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala BJP leader C Krishnakumar rejects sexual harassment charges against him, calling it 'false' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/kerala-bjp-leader-c-krishnakumar-rejects-sexual-harassment-charges-against-him-calling-it-false-3699276 |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* [[National Democratic Alliance]]
* [[State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]]
* [[Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.keralabjp.org/}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharatiya Janata Party - Kerala}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party by state or union territory|Kerala]]
[[Category:Political parties in Kerala]]

Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T06:08:32Z

Meet: put up a article - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ranaghat Uttar Paschim
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Ranaghat Uttar Paschim.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ranaghat Lok Sabha constituency|Ranaghat]]
| constituency_no = 87
| established = 1951
| electors = 265,846
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Nadia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 87 Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Ranaghat]] municipality, [[Taherpur]] notified area, [[Birnagar]] municipality, and Ramnagar I, Barasat, Kalinarayanpur-Paharpur and Khisma [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Ranaghat I (Community development block)|Ranaghat I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Arbandi I and Arbandi II gram panchayats of [[Santipur (Community development block)|Santipur]] community development block, and [[Phulia|Fulia Township]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency is part of No. 13 [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/> Ranaghat East and West were earlier part of [[Nabadwip (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 1 October 2010| work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
===Ranaghat===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Bijoy Krishna Sarkar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|Keshab Chandra Mitra
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Benoy Kumar Chatterjee
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Gour Chandra Kundu
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|}

===Ranaghat East===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan="2"|Nitai Pada Sarkar
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Naresh Chandra Biswas
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Nitaipada Sarkar
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|Satish Chandra Biswas
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|rowspan="3"|Binay Krishna Biswas
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Asim Bala
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Debendra Nath Biswas
|}

===Ranaghat West===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Benoy Kumar Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Gour Chandra Kundu
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Naresh Chandra Chaki
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3"|Gour Chandra Kundu
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=4|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Subhaas Basu
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="2"|Shankar Singha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Aloke Kumar Das
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|}

===Ranaghat Uttar Paschim===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Shankar Singha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|rowspan=2|[[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Ranaghat Uttar Paschim}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tapas Ghosh|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Debasish Chakraborty (Debu)|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Ranaghat Uttar Paschim<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191027/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 |work = Ranaghat Uttar Paschim| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|votes = 112,413
|percentage = 50.94
|change = +46.00%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Shankar Singha]]
|votes = 89,503
|percentage = 40.55
|change = –13.86%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bijoyendu Biswas
|votes = 10,134
|percentage = 4.59
|change = –49.46%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Amal Sarkar
|votes = 1299
|percentage = 0.58
|change = –1.63%
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 213,349
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =

}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Sankar Singha of Congress defeated his nearest rival Parthasarathi Chatterjee of AITC.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Ranaghat Uttar Paschim constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191027/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Ranaghat Uttar Paschim| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Shankar Singha]]
|votes = 101,608
|percentage = 54.41
|change = +7.88#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|votes = 81,395
|percentage = 54.41
|change = +7.88#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Meena Bhattacharya
|votes = 14,051
|percentage = 39.74
|change = -10.59#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anal Biswas (Politician)
|votes = 10225
|percentage = 4.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sulata Roy (Pramanik)
|votes = 4,122
|percentage = 2.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 186,337
|percentage = 88.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing = +18.47#

}}
{{Election box end}}

# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together, as well as CPI(M)'s vote percentage, in 2006 for the Ranaghat East seat.

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Partha Sarathi Chatterjee of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Meena Bhattacharya of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Ranaghat Uttar Paschim constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191027/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=87| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Ranaghat Uttar Paschim| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|votes = 101,395
|percentage = 54.41
|change = +7.88#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Meena Bhattacharya
|votes = 74,051
|percentage = 39.74
|change = -10.59#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Megh Lal Karmaker
|votes = 6,769
|percentage = 3.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sulata Roy (Pramanik)
|votes = 4,122
|percentage = 2.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 186,337
|percentage = 88.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +18.47#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together, as well as CPI(M)'s vote percentage, in 2006 for the Ranaghat East seat.
===1977-2006===
Till 2006, Ranaghat had two Vidhan Sabha constituencies Ranaghat East and Ranaghat West. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned.

====Ranaghat East====
In the 2006 state assembly elections,<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Debendra Nath Biswas of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Ranaghat East (SC) assembly constituency defeating his nearest rival Nilima Nag (Mallick) of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Asim Bala of CPI(M) defeated Dr. [[Ramendra Nath Biswas]] of Trinamool Congress in 2001.<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Binay Krishna Biswas of CPI(M) defeated Akhil Kumar Majumdar of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and Dr. Ramendra Nath Biswas of Congress in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Satish Chandra Biswas of CPI(M) defeated Nitai Pada Sarkar, Independent, in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and Sushil Kumar Ray of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp80.htm |title = 80 - Ranaghat East (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 5 October 2010}}</ref>

====Ranaghat West====
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> state assembly elections, Aloke Kumar Das of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Ranaghat West assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Shankar Singha of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Shankar Singha of Congress defeated [[Jyotirmoyee Sikdar]] in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> and Sourendra Nath Nag of CPI(M) in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> Subhaas Basu of CPI(M) defeated Naresh Chandra Chaki of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Gour Chandra Kundu of CPI(M) defeated Saradindu Biswas of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> Benoy Chatterjee of Congress in 1982,<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> and Naresh Chandra Chaki of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp81.htm |title = 81 - Ranaghat West Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 5 October 2010}}</ref>

===1967-1972===
====Ranaghat East====
Nitaipada Sarkar of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Naresh Chandra Biswas of CPI(M) won in 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Nitai Pada Sarkar of CPI won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, Inda, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref>

====Ranaghat West====
Naresh Chandra Chaki of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> Gour Chandra Kundu of CPI(M) 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> Benoy Kumar Chatterjee of Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967/>

===1951-1962 Ranaghat===
In [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]] and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]], there was a single seat for Ranaghat. Gour Chandra Kundu of CPI won in 1962.<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Benoy Kumar Chatterjee of Congress won in 1957.<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]],<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Ranaghat was a joint seat. Bijoy Krishna Sarkar and Keshab Chandra Mitra, both of Congress, won the Ranaghat seat.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Nadia district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Eleven (film)

2026-05-07T15:46:56Z

Meet:

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-Telugu bilingual thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Eleven
| image = Eleven film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Lokkesh Ajls
| writer = Lokkesh Ajls
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Ajmal Khan
* Reyaa Hari
* [[Prabhu Solomon]] (Creative Producer)
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Naveen Chandra]]
* Reyaa Hari
* [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]]
}}
| cinematography = Karthik Ashokan
| editing = [[N. B. Srikanth]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| studio = AR Entertainment
| distributor = Ruchira Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|5|16}}
| runtime = 135 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-08 |title=''Eleven'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/eleven-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi3ode5 |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil Telugu
| budget = 4 crore
| gross = ₹6.8 crore
}}

'''''Eleven''''' is a 2025 Indian [[slasher film]] written and directed by Lokkesh Ajls.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-17 |title=Naveen Chandra's next is a Tamil-Telugu bilingual titled 'Eleven' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naveen-chandras-next-is-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-titled-eleven/article67204724.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330012033/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naveen-chandras-next-is-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-titled-eleven/article67204724.ece |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film was shot simultaneously in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. It stars [[Naveen Chandra]], alongside Reyaa Hari, [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]], [[Dileepan]], [[Riythvika]], [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]], [[Aadukalam Naren]] and [[Arjai]] in pivotal roles.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2023-08-17 |title=விறுவிறுப்பான புலனாய்வு த்ரில்லராக உருவாகும் 'லெவன்' |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-eleven-movie-update-650763 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824073836/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-eleven-movie-update-650763 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> The film has music composed by [[D. Imman]], cinematography handled by Karthik Ashokan and editing by [[N. B. Srikanth]].<ref name=":1" />

''Eleven'' was theatrically released on 16 May 2025. The film received positive reviews from critics and audience. While some found the plot predictable in the first half, the movie is praised for its layered second half with twists, compelling suspense, and strong performances, especially by Naveen Chandra. Additionally, the background score by D. Imman and cinematography by Karthik Ashokan were highlighted as positive aspects.

== Plot ==
The film begins with a serial killer setting ablaze a lifeless body on a desolate street. As the murders continue, the death toll reaches 6, and [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Ranjith Kumar is initially assigned to the case. However, after Ranjith gets into a coma due to a road accident, the case is handed over to ACP Aravindan, a brilliant and resolute officer, who had recently apprehended a finance robbery team led by Dheeran. Aravindan, along with [[Sub-inspector]] Manoharan, a cardiac patient and a single father, starts investigating the serial killings. Meanwhile, Sanjana, who had mistakenly met Aravindan thinking he was her prospective groom, falls in love with him, but Aravindan doesn't reciprocate her feelings. Aravindan discovers a crucial piece of evidence, an ankle-surgery plate in one of the victims, which helps them shortlist 7 individuals based on age. One of the suspects is Sudhakar, who has a history of ankle surgery. Next, Aravindan meets Meera, the twin sister of one of the victims. Meera's connection to Twin Birds school, where a similar photograph is found in Sudhakar's house, hints at a deeper connection between the suspects
and victims.

During the interrogation, Sudhakar and Meera reveal a shocking truth: they're Surendhar and Tara, who impersonated their identical twins, Sudhakar and Meera, respectively. They explain that their twins went missing, and they received a video call from a masked assailant who kidnapped them and forced them to kill a person with a covered face. The twins were threatened that if they refused to kill, their respective siblings would be killed. To save their siblings, they committed the murders. However, they later discovered that they had unknowingly killed their own twins, whose faces were covered during the act. To evade police investigation, Surendhar and Tara assumed the identities of Sudhakar and Meera. Aravindan learns that the only connection between the twins is their school, Twin Birds Matriculation School. Surendhar and Tara suspect that their classmate, Benjamin, might be behind the sinister plot, forcing them to commit [[fratricide]].

Aravindan decides to meet the school's correspondent, Shanthi, to uncover more information about the twins' past and potential connections to Benjamin. Shanthi and her husband Ravi adopted twin brothers, Benjamin and Francis, impressed by Benjamin's chess talent. The brothers were
raised at their school, Twin Birds Matriculation School. Benjamin turns into a chess prodigy, bringing laurels to school, and Francis becomes a topper in studies, which envies their fellow students. Tragedy struck when Francis, who suffered from [[nyctophobia]], was mocked by his classmates and locked in a dark chemistry lab. This led to a fatal epileptic seizure. Benjamin, who was in the physics lab, couldn't rescue his brother. After Francis's death, Benjamin was cared for by Mother Helen and later adopted by an unknown family. Shanthi reveals that her husband kept Francis's death a secret to protect the school's reputation. However, the school was later destroyed in a fire, and Ravi died due to excessive drinking.

Aravindan obtains the records of the classmates and discovers that Benjamin is targeting twins on their birthdays. The remaining twins, Sanjana and Anjana, and Dheeran and Dheeraj are potential targets. Aravindan takes immediate action to safeguard Sanjana and Anjana, especially since Dheeran and Dheeraj are unreachable. Sanjana, who has feelings for Aravindan, is unaware of the danger looming over her. The investigation takes a turn when Aravindan discovers the charred corpse of Dheeran. Meanwhile, Ranjith Kumar, who was initially investigating the case, reveals that his [[coma]] was due to a preplanned murder attempt. He also reveals that the killer rescued him and placed him near the hospital. Aravindan learns from Shanthi that Benjamin visits Francis's cemetery every year on the latter's death anniversary. Aravindan rushes to the cemetery and discovers that Manohar is Benjamin in disguise. After an intense chase, Aravindan loses Benjamin and rushes to protect Anjana and Sanjana, but gets beaten by Manohar. When Aravindan wakes up, he finds that Benjamin has kidnapped Anjana. A fight ensues, and Aravindan hands over his gun to Sanjana to stop Benjamin from killing Anjana.

However, Sanjana ends up shooting her twin sister, Anjana, believing Aravindan's instructions. The truth is revealed that Aravindan is the real Benjamin, who has been planning his revenge against his classmates responsible for Francis's death. Benjamin surrenders to Ranjith Kumar, who recognizes him as the killer using his lighter box. Benjamin confesses to Ranjith Kumar that he had pursued an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] career to avenge his brother Francis's death by killing the 10 twins who were responsible. He also reveals that he planned the road accident to distract Ranjith and to take over the case, and had also threatened to kill Manohar's son and made him act as Benjamin to protect himself while killing Anjana. Benjamin, aka Aravindan, is sentenced to death for his crimes. Soon, Ranjith is shocked to learn that Benjamin had cleverly burnt an unknown corpse and claimed it as Dheeran, and also voluntarily revealed him as the killer to Ranjith, so that he gets closer to Dheeran, whom he had arrested in the finance robbery case without knowing Dheeran's true identity. Before Ranjith Kumar and Manohar can safeguard Dheeran, Benjamin kills him in prison, fulfilling his revenge. In a shocking twist, Benjamin takes brain-dead pills and dies, but not before donating his heart to Manohar. Manohar fulfills Benjamin's last wish by burying him near Francis's grave.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Naveen Chandra]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Aravindan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Benjamin)

* Reyaa Hari in a dual role as:
** Sanjana
*** Sachana Namidass as young Sanjana
** Anjana
*** Sadhana Namidass as young Anjana
* [[Dileepan]] as SI Manohar
* [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as ACP Ranjith Kumar IPS
* [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] as Shanthi Ravi
* [[Riythvika]] in a dual role as:
** Meera
** Tara
* Master Frankinsten as S. Benjamin Paul
* Master Sylvensten as S. Francis Paul
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Chandrasekar IPS, Commissioner of Police
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Ravi
* [[Arjai]] in a dual role as:
** Dheeran
** Dheeraj
* [[Kireeti Damaraju]] in a dual role as:
**Surendar
**Sudhakar
* Suma as Mother Helen
}}

==Production==
In mid-August 2023, director [[Sundar C|Sundar C's]] associate director who had worked in films such as ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' (2018), ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' (2019) and ''[[Action (2019 film)|Action]]'' (2019), Lokkesh Ajls was announced to make his directorial debut through the film ''Eleven''.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Telugu language|Telugu]] language [[Multiple-language version|bilingual]] film was launched after a [[Muhurat shot|formal pooja]], which has actor [[Naveen Chandra]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-11 |title=Naveen Chandra: Tamil people always value those who are talented |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/naveen-chandra-tamil-people-always-value-those-who-are-talented/articleshow/105899628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216121048/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/naveen-chandra-tamil-people-always-value-those-who-are-talented/articleshow/105899628.cms |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as the lead actor alongside the film producer Reyaa Hari as the female lead who last appeared and bankrolled ''[[Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal (2022 film)|Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-16 |title=Naveen Chandra takes the lead in Lokesh Ajls's riveting investigative thriller 'Eleven' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-chandra-takes-the-lead-in-lokesh-ajlss-riveting-investigative-thriller-eleven/articleshow/102780037.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-08-16 |title=Naveen Chandra to star in Telugu-Tamil bilingual Eleven |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Aug/16/naveen-chandra-to-star-in-telugu-tamil-bilingual-eleven-46666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823142304/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/16/naveen-chandra-to-star-in-telugu-tamil-bilingual-eleven-46666.html |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The [[Thriller film|investigative thriller film]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-20 |title='Eleven' teaser: Naveen Chandra investigates a hard-to-crack murder case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandra-investigates-a-hard-to-crack-murder-case/article68311493.ece |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> also stars [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]], [[Abhirami Gopikumar|Abhirami]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=2024-06-24 |title=Location Diaries: Abhirami - Dual challenge |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/features/2024/Jun/24/location-diaries-abhirami-dual-challenge |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921063729/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/features/2024/Jun/24/location-diaries-abhirami-dual-challenge |archive-date=21 September 2024 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Dileepan]], [[Riythvika]], [[Aadukalam Naren]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]], [[Arjai]],<ref name="Features">{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-06-19 |title=Eleven teaser: Naveen Chandran plays a baffled cop probing a series of clueless murders |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/19/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandran-plays-a-baffled-cop-probing-a-series-of-clueless-murders |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721224849/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/19/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandran-plays-a-baffled-cop-probing-a-series-of-clueless-murders |archive-date=21 July 2024 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Kireeti Damaraju]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-06-19 |title=Eleven teaser: Naveen Chandra headlines the upcoming mystery-thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/19/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandra-headlines-the-upcoming-mystery-thriller |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722100655/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/19/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandra-headlines-the-upcoming-mystery-thriller |archive-date=22 July 2024 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> and others in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-16 |title=Naveen Chandra As Protagonist Titled 'Eleven' |url=https://e.telugurajyam.com/entertainment/naveen-chandra-as-protagonist-titled-eleven.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Telugu Rajyam |language=en-US}}</ref>

The film has music composed by [[D. Imman]], cinematography handled by Karthik Ashokan and editing by [[N. B. Srikanth]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Makshith |date=2023-08-16 |title=నవీన్ చంద్ర 'ఎలెవెన్'- గ్రాండ్ గా ప్రారంభం |url=https://telugurajyam.com/news-press/naveen-chandra-as-protagonist-titled-eleven.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Telugu Rajyam |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] was planned to begin on 23 August 2023.<ref name=":4" /> Post the completion of the filming, on 19 June 2024, the film teaser was released by [[Dhanush]] and [[Nikhil Siddhartha]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} featuring Naveen as a police officer being assigned to a murder case.<ref name="Features" /><ref name=":6" />

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Eleven
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| released =
| recorded =
| studio = D.Imman’s Sound Factory (Audio suite A and B), Chennai
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Tamil / Telugu
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = D. Imman, Ranjan
| prev_title = [[Petta Rap]]
| prev_year = 2024
| year = 2024
| next_title = [[2K Love Story]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{Singles|
|name = Eleven
|type = soundtrack
|single1 = The Devil is Waiting
|single1date = 11 October 2024
|single2 = Azhagaana Arakkana / Thaguvaadu Dorikene
|single2date = 6 November 2024
|single3 = Ikkada Raa
|single3date = 21 February 2025
}}
}}

The music and background score is composed by [[D. Imman]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-07 |title=Shruti Haasan croons a song in Naveen Chandra's Tamil-Telugu bilingual 'Eleven' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shruti-haasan-croons-a-song-in-naveen-chandras-tamil-telugu-bilingual-eleven/articleshow/107483502.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The first single "The Devil is Waiting" was unveiled by [[Kamal Haasan|Kamal Hassan]] on 11 October 2024, having voice lent by [[Shruti Haasan|Shruti Hassan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |title=Shruti Haasan: ఇన్వెస్టిగేటివ్ థ్రిల్లర్‌గా నవీన్ చంద్ర లెవెన్.. పాట పాడిన శ్రుతి హాసన్.. కమల్ హాసన్‌తో సాంగ్ రిలీజ్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-launch-shruti-haasan-song-the-devil-is-waiting-from-eleven-movie-naveen-chandra-investigative-thriller-121728719448578.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and lyrics penned by the director Lokkesh himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-10-11 |title='The Devil Is Waiting' song from Naveen Chandra's Eleven out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/11/the-devil-is-waiting-song-from-naveen-chandras-eleven-out |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ansgar.r |title=நவீன் சந்திரா அசத்தும் "லெவன்"; ஸ்ருதி குரலில் "ஆண்டவர்" வெளியிட்ட முதல் சிங்கிள் பாடல்! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/video/cinema/eleven-movie-the-devil-is-waiting-first-single-released-by-kamal-haasan-ans-sl72ks |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ta}}</ref> The second single "Azhagaana Arakkana" in Tamil and "Thaguvaadu Dorikene" in Telugu got released on 6 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-04 |title=Second single from Naveen Chandra's Eleven to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/04/second-single-from-naveen-chandras-eleven-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The promo song "Ikkada Raa" released on 21 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-02-20 |title=Naveen Chandra's Eleven promo song, featuring Andrea, to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/20/naveen-chandras-eleven-promo-song-featuring-andrea-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = The Devil is Waiting
| length1 = 4:22
| lyrics1 = Lokkesh Ajls
| extra1 = [[Shruti Haasan]]
| title2 = Azhagaana Arakkana
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = Vishnu Edavan
| extra2 = [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| title3 = Ikkada Raa
| length3 = 3:14
| lyrics3 = Rakendu Mouli
| extra3 = [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| title4 = Vidiyaatha Vaanam Yenga Pochu
| length4 = 4:18
| lyrics4 = [[Kabilan]]
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| title5 = Hey Siri
| length5 = 2:47
| lyrics5 = Vishnu Edavan
| extra5 = Arun Parandhaman, Manoj Krishna, Joewin Shamalina, Adhira Suresh
| total_length = 19:03
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:03
| title1 = The Devil is Waiting
| length1 = 4:22
| lyrics1 = Lokkesh Ajls
| extra1 = [[Shruti Haasan]]
| title2 = Thaguvaadu Dorikene
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra2 = [[Shweta Mohan]]
| title3 = Ikkada Raa
| length3 = 4:13
| lyrics3 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra3 = [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| title4 = Thathinakkara Thaalam Lona
| length4 = 2:47
| lyrics4 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra4 = Deepak Blue, Manoj Krishna, Punya Selva
| title5 = Cheelintha Ningey Rendai Nedu
| length5 = 4:18
| lyrics5 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Eleven'' was released 16 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-05 |title=Naveen Chandra's Eleven gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/05/naveen-chandras-eleven-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, the film was scheduled for 15 November 2024,<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-10-13 |title=Naveen Chandra's bilingual mystery thriller 'Eleven' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naveen-chandras-bilingual-mystery-thriller-eleven-gets-a-release-date/article68748278.ece |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> but was later postponed to 22 November 2024.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-05 |title=Promo of Eleven's 'Azhagaana Arakkana' out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/05/promo-of-elevens-azhagaana-arakkana-out |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical streaming rights have been acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]], Blacksheep Value, [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]], [[ManoramaMAX]] and [[Lionsgate Play]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blacksheep Value |url=https://bsvalue.com/ |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=bsvalue.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahead of Eleven's OTT release, here's how much Naveen Chandra's film made in theaters |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ahead-of-elevens-ott-release-heres-how-much-naveen-chandras-film-made-in-theaters/908098ec27109 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>and the satellite rights were sold to [[Star Vijay]] & [[Colors Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1149331084070407/ |title=6K views · 77 reactions {{!}} Don’t miss it! #vijaysuper #supercinema #eleven {{!}} Vijay Super |language=en |access-date=2026-02-12 |via=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Jayabhuvaneshwari B of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated it 2.5 out of 5 and stated, "''Eleven'' tries to light up the screen with its innovative premise, but like its own killer, it gets lost in the shadows of predictability and missed opportunities".<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2025-05-16 |title=Eleven Movie Review: This Naveen Chandra thriller tries to be different but ends up odd |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/May/16/eleven-movie-review-this-naveen-chandra-thriller-tries-to-be-different-but-ends-up-odd |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' too gave the same rating and quoted " competent execution can't save a tired plot".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Eleven Movie Review : Competent execution can't save a tired plot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/eleven/movie-review/121170337.cms |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Sakshi (media group)|Sakshi Post]] rated it 2.75 out of 5 and stated, ''Eleven'' is a visually engaging thriller with commendable performances and a thought-provoking premise. Though it may not break new ground in the genre, it succeeds in creating a moody, suspenseful experience that fans of crime dramas are likely to appreciate".<ref>{{cite web | title=Eleven Movie Review and Rating: Naveen Chandra's Psychological Thriller is Gripping | date=16 May 2025 | url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movies/eleven-movie-review-and-rating-naveen-chandras-psychological-thriller-gripping-408539 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
*{{IMDb title|28679253}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about twins]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Films set in schools]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian serial killer films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]

R. Sabarinathan

2026-05-06T17:01:11Z

Meet: put up a entry - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''R. Sabarinathan''' (born 1996) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Virugampakkam Assembly constituency]] in Chennai district representing [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TVK Candidate R Sabarinathan Wins Virugambakkam Seat in Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections |url=https://dailypioneer.com/news/sabarinathan-son-of-vijays-driver-wins |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=dailypioneer.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sabarinathan is from [[Virugambakkam]], Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is the son of C. Rajendran, who is a long-time driver and personal aide of TVK chief Vijay.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Who is R Sabarinathan? Vijay’s driver’s son secures Virugambakkam seat on TVK ticket |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/who-is-r-sabarinathan-vijays-drivers-son-secures-virugambakkam-seat-on-tvk-ticket/articleshow/130823591.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He did his schooling at Vedha Vikas Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chennai passing out in 2013 and later did a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering in 2016. He completed his B.Tech in mechanical engineering in 2021 at Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sabarinathan.R(Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam):Constituency- VIRUGAMPAKKAM(CHENNAI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/TamilNadu2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1330 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He declared assets worth Rs.25 lakhs in the affidavit to the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Sabarinathan became an MLA for the first time winning on debut in the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from Virugampakkam Assembly constituency representing Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam. He polled 76,092 votes and defeated his nearest opponent, [[A. M. V. Prabhakara Raja]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 27,086 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-06 |title=TVK’s R. Sabarinathan wins Virugambakkam seat in Tamil Nadu |url=https://english.dainikjagranmpcg.com/national/tvk%E2%80%99s-r-sabarinathan-wins-virugambakkam-seat-in-tamil-nadu/article-17837 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=english.dainikjagranmpcg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Vijay's driver's son Sabarinathan wins Virugambakkam for TVK |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/virugambakkam-election-result-r-sabarinathan-vijay-aides-son-wins-for-tvk-2906629-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TVK’s R Sabarinathan Wins Virugambakkam Seat – Chennaionline |url=https://www.chennaionline.com/news/tvks-r-sabarinathan-wins-virugambakkam-seat/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.chennaionline.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sabarinathan, R.}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Chennai district]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2026–2031]]

Mewar Bhil Corps

2026-04-27T19:54:36Z

Meet: started

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=Mewar Bhil Corps
|image= Mewar Bhil Corps Insignia.png
|caption= Mewar Bhil Corps Insignia
|dates=1841 – present
|country={{flag|India}}
|branch=[[Indian Army]], [[Rajasthan Police]]
|type=Local Corps
|motto=
|identification_symbol=
|decorations=Unknown
|battle_honours=
|anniversaries=
}}
The '''Mewar Bhil Corps''' is a [[State Armed Police Forces|state armed police force]] of the Rajasthan Police.<ref name=":6" /> The Corps was originally raised by the British Indian government as a military unit along similar lines as units such as the Merwara Battalion and Malwa Bhil Corps.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Showers|first=H.L.|date=1891|title=The Meywar Bhil Corps|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hyo4ZnDDwcC&q=kotra&pg=RA2-PA87|journal=Journal of the United Service Institution of India|volume=XX|pages=87–95}}</ref> The Corps operated as a semi-military formation until 1938; since then it has been maintained as a para-military force.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.rajasthan.gov.in/Rajpolice/Pdf_files/RacMbcIntro.pdf|title=Rajasthan Armed Constabulary|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref>

As of 2015, the sanctioned strength of the Corps was 773 personnel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.rajasthan.gov.in/PoliceUser/UploadUtility/PdfFiles/Strength.pdf|title=Rajasthan Police: Sanctioned Strength as of 01-01-2015|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> It is organized along with the battalions of the Rajasthan Armed Constabulary under an [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General of Police]] for Armed Battalions.
The sole battalion of the MBC is deployed in Udaipur range.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.rajasthan.gov.in/Rajpolice/Orgstructure.aspx|title=Rajasthan Police Organization Chart|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref>

==History==
The Mewar Bhil Corps was established in 1841 under the command of Captain W. Hunter,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Rajputana Agency, 1832-1858 : A Study of British Relations with the States of Rajputana|last=Vashishta|first=Vijay Kumar|publisher=Aalekh Publishers|year=1978|location=Jaipur}}</ref> with its headquarters at Kherwara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Sound of Drums: Tribal Movement in Rajasthan 1881-1947|last=Singh|first=C.S.K.|publisher=Manak Publications (P) Ltd.|year=1995|isbn=81-85445-90-7|location=New Delhi|pages=36}}</ref> The reasons for raising the Corps were two-fold: (a) to provide employment to members of the [[Bhil people|Bhil]] tribe, thus ensuring their "good behavior" and (b) to police the "difficult hill country" of [[Mewar]].<ref name=":5" /><nowiki/>{{rp|249}}

=== Organization ===
As of 1891, the Corps had five officers - Commandant, Assistant Commandant, Adjutant, Wing Officer, and Medical Officer (of which the 2nd in command was stationed in Kotra, the others in Kherwara).<ref name=":4" /> The Commandant was also entrusted with political charge of the [[Bhomat]] region, also known as the Mewar Hilly Tracts.<ref name=":2" /> This officer acted as First Assistant to the Mewar [[Political officer (British Empire)|Political Agent]].<ref name=":2" /> The Assistant Commandant of the Mewar Bhil Corps was located in Kotra and acted as the Second Assistant to the Mewar Political Agent.<ref name=":2" />

Until the 1930s, regular military officers used to be appointed to the Corps; after that time, officers in the Indian Army Reserve were appointed because of the paucity of regular officers.<ref name=":5" />

=== Size of the Corps ===
The initial strength of the Corps was 4 companies, which was increased to 10 companies in 1844, of which 3 companies were stationed in the village of Kotra (in present-day [[Kotra Tehsil, Udaipur, Rajasthan|Kotra tehsil]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> In 1861, the Corps was reduced to 8 companies, 6 at Kherwara and 2 at Kotra.<ref name=":4" /> As of 1891, a detachment of the Corps was stationed in Udaipur as an escort to the Resident of Mewar.<ref name=":4" /> As of 1932, the strength of the Corps was 633 ranks.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36670|title=Report of the General Purposes Sub-Committee of the Retrenchment Advisory Committee, Part III|publisher=Government of India|year=1932|location=Calcutta}}</ref>{{rp|250}}

=== Expenses ===
It was raised at a cost of Rs. 120,000 of which the [[Udaipur State|Mewar State]] paid Rs. 50,000 and the remainder by the British Indian Government.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: Marwar and the British Administration|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DLQeSBLpUwsC|last1=Gupta|first1=R.K.|last2=Bakshi|first2=S.R.|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|location=New Delhi}}</ref> In the early decades, the Mewar State contributed Rs. 50,000 annually for the upkeep of the Corps but, in 1883, it was arranged that instead of the payment, the British Government should take revenues from the villages in the Mewar portion of Mewara.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reportofthespeci029554mbp|title=Report of the Special Committee|publisher=Government of India Central Publication Branch|year=1930|location=Calcutta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reportofthespeci029554mbp/page/n73 62]}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> As of 1932, the annual expense of the Corps was Rs. 2.29 lakhs.<ref name=":5" />

=== Engagements ===
The Mewar Bhil Corps' primary function was to maintain the internal security in Mewar State, such as providing guards for residences at [[Mount Abu]] and [[Udaipur]],<ref name="Finance_report_1932">{{cite book |title=Report of the Federal Finance Committee, dated 28th March, 1932 |date=1932 |publisher=His Majesty's Stationery Office |page=201 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.109640 |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> and was never pressed into active service in a war.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The following were the Corps' better known engagements in matters of internal security.

==== 1857 Rebellion ====
During the [[Indian Revolt of 1857]], the Mewar Bhil Corps remained loyal to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]].<ref name=":1" /> One wing of the 1st Bengal Cavalry was stationed at Kherwara cantonment, which was a cause of concern to the British as the other wing of the cavalry in Nimach had revolted.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011260720|title=The Loyal Rajputana|last=Sahai|first=Munshi Jwala|publisher=Indian Press|year=1902|location=Allahabad}}</ref> Captains J.C. Brooke and R.M. Annesley who were the Commandant and second-in-command respectively, arranged for the Mewar Bhil Corps to shut the passes leading out of Kherwara and keep the Bengal Cavalry in check.<ref name=":3" />

==== 1875 Bagore Rebellion ====
In a dispute about succession to the rulership of Mewar, the ''jagirdar'' of Bagore, Sohan Singh, claimed the right of accession instead of Sajjan Singh and openly rebelled against the [[Maharana]].<ref name=":1" /> On 18 September 1875, 275 men of the Mewar Bhil Corps were dispatched along with the Maharana's troops to Bagore.<ref name=":1" /> Sohan Singh surrendered without a shot being fired.<ref name=":1" />

=== Uniform ===
The uniform of the Mewar Bhil Corps in 1900 consisted of a dark green tunic and breeches plus khaki [[puttees]]. [[Facings]] on collar, shoulder straps and cuffs were red. The headdress was a round black cap with MBC in bronze metal lettering.<ref>Plate 162 Army and Navy Gazette, 1 June 1901</ref>

=== Transition ===
In 1950, Mewar Bhil Corps was transferred to the Rajasthan Police.<ref name=":6" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kingdom of Mewar]]
[[Category:Bhil]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Police]]
[[Category:1841 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1841]]

Koneti Adimulam

2026-04-25T03:41:41Z

Meet: new.

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1958)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Koneti Adimulam
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| predecessor = Talari Aditya Tarachandrakanth
| constituency = [[Satyavedu Assembly constituency|Satyavedu]]
| birth_date =
| party =
| other_party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (2001–2011; 2024) [[YSR Congress Party]] (2011–2024) [[Indian National Congress]] (1977–2001)
}}
'''Koneti Adimulam''' (born 1958) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was elected as an MLA from [[Satyavedu Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for SC community in [[Chittoor district]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]] in the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koneti Adimulam, TDP Candidate from Satyavedu Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/andhra-pradesh/koneti-adimulam-assembly-candidate-s01aed2008a169e2024c003/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Adimulam was born in Bheemunicheruvu village, Chittoor District to Koneti Elumalai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-31 |title=Koneti Adimulam {{!}} MLA {{!}} YSRCP {{!}} Sathyavedu {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://theleaderspage.com/koneti-adimulam/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> He completed his graduation in arts from S. V. Arts College, [[Tirupati]] in 1975.<ref name=":1" />

== Political career ==
He started his political career with [[Indian National Congress]] in 1977. He was elected as a Sarpanch of Bheemunicheruvu Village, Narayanavanam Mandal in 1981.<ref name=":1" /> He also served as vice chairman of Mandal Praja Parishad in 1988 and as a member of MPTC in 1995.<ref name=":1" /> He joined [[Telugu Desam Party]] in 2001, and was elected as a Zilla Parishad member.<ref name=":1" /> In 2011, he joined [[YSR Congress Party]] but lost the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] to Talari Aditya of TDP by a narrow margin of 4,227 votes. He represented YSR Congress Party again and won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] defeating Jadda Rajasekhar of Telugu Desam Party by a margin of 44,744 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Satyavedu Assembly Election 2024: Satyavedu Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/satyavedu-constituency-result-1169 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was denied a ticket by YSRCP to contest the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly Election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2024-01-30 |title=YSRCP MLA Koneti Adimulam refuses to contest from Tirupati Lok Sabha seat |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/national/ysrcp-mla-koneti-adimulam-refuses-to-contest-from-tirupati-lok-sabha-seat-764529 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> He was allotted the MP seat to contest from Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency which he refused.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=A. D. |date=2024-01-31 |title=YSRCP swapping: A week later, Satyavedu still remains shrouded in mystery |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-swapping-a-week-later-satyavedu-still-remains-shrouded-in-mystery/article67797195.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | date=2024-01-28 |title=YSR Congress Party MLA Koneti Adimulam resigns |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Jan/28/ysr-congress-party-mla-koneti-adimulam-resigns |access-date=2024-05-23 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> So he joined Telugu Desam Party which nominated him to contest the MLA seat from Sathyavedu (SC) constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=వైసీపీకి మరో ఎదురు దెబ్బ.. లోకేష్‌ను కలిసిన మరో ఎమ్మెల్యే |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/andhra-pradesh/news/satyavedu-ysrcp-mla-koneti-adimulam-meet-nara-lokesh/articleshow/107274814.cms |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanyam |first=Avinash P. |date=2024-03-19 |title=Row over candidates grips major parties in Satyavedu (R) constituency |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/row-over-candidates-grips-major-parties-in-satyavedu-r-constituency-885785 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vennelakanti |first=Pradeep |date=2024-03-15 |title=YSRCP MLA Adimulam to be TDP nominee for Satyavedu |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/tirupathi/ysrcp-mla-adimulam-to-be-tdp-nominee-for-satyavedu-865047 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was suspended from Telugu Desam Party on 5 September 2024 on the allegations of sexual assault on a party worker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2024-09-05 |title=TDP expels MLA Koneti Adimulam after party functionary alleges sexual harassment, writes to Chandrababu |url=https://theprint.in/politics/tdp-expels-mla-koneti-adimulam-after-party-functionary-alleges-sexual-harassment-writes-to-chandrababu/2254720/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=TDP leader accused of sexual assault by party worker, suspended |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/andhra-pradesh/story/andhra-pradesh-tdp-leader-koneti-adimulam-accused-of-sexual-assault-suspended-2594507-2024-09-05 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adimulam, Koneti}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittoor district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:38:02Z

Meet: New!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhubaneswar North (Uttar)
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 113
| type = SLA
| map_image = 113-Bhubaneshwar North.svg
| map_caption = Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency in [[Khordha district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Central Division
| district = [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]]
| established = 2009
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Susant Kumar Rout]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,85,872{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Bhubaneswar North (Uttar)''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Khordha district]], [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=113|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426203551/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=113|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 April 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) (113) District: Khordha|accessdate= 25 April 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes 5 [[Gram panchayat]]s (Raghunathpur, Dadha, Kalyanpur, Baramunda and Kalarahanga) of Bhubaneswar block and Ward No. 1 to 11 & 13 of [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|BMC]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

The constituency was formed in 2008 Delimitation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delimitation 2008 |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529075331/https://elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and went for polls in [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]].

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|50.63}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|54.84}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|65.77}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|72.05}}
}}

Since its formation in 2009, 4 elections were held till date.

List of members elected from Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) constituency are:<ref name=Candidate>{{cite web|title= Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/bhubaneswar-north.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 26 April 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Portrait
!Name
!scope="col" colspan=2 |Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) Assembly Election Results 2024: Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/bhubaneswar-north-uttar-constituency-result-18113 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Susant Kumar Rout|Susanta Kumar Rout]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=24 May 2019 |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |accessdate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name="Candidate" />
|
|Priyadarshi Mishra
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":1" />
| -
|Bhagirathi Badajena
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Susant Kumar Rout]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Priyadarshi Mishra by a margin of 11,343 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar North}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Susant Kumar Rout]]
|votes = 78,179
|percentage = 50.63
|change = {{decrease}}4.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Priyadarshi Mishra
|votes = 66,836
|percentage = 43.28
|change = {{increase}}8.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Das
|votes = 5,420
|percentage = 3.51
|change = {{decrease}}0.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 868
|percentage = 0.56
|change = {{decrease}}0.57
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,343
|percentage = 7.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,427
|percentage = 54.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Susant Kumar Rout]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Aparajita Mohanty]] by a margin of 25,414 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar North<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Susant Kumar Rout ]]
|votes = 71,193
|percentage = 54.84
|change = {{decrease}}10.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aparajita Mohanty]]
|votes = 45,779
|percentage = 35.26
|change = {{increase}}12.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Itis Pradhan
|votes = 5,189
|percentage = 4.00
|change = {{decrease}}3.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 1,467
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,414
|percentage = 19.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,29,815
|percentage = 43.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Priyadarshi Mishra defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Dillip Mohanty by a margin of 48,757 votes.<ref name="Candidate" />

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar North (Uttar)<ref name=Candidate />}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Priyadarshi Mishra
|votes = 73,728
|percentage = 65.77
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dillip Mohanty
|votes = 24,971
|percentage = 22.28
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manoranjan Dash
|votes = 8,223
|percentage = 7.34
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,151
|percentage = 1.03
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 48757
|percentage = 43.49
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,12,121
|percentage = 41.33
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,71,208
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Bhagirathi Badajena defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Golak Prasad Mahapatra by a margin of 51,462 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=51462 |accessdate=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=2013-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar North<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Bhagirathi Badajena
|votes = 62,278
|percentage = 72.05
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Golak Prasad Mahapatra
|votes = 11,316
|percentage = 12.99
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kishore Kumar Jena
|votes = 10,451
|percentage = 11.99
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 51,462
|percentage = 59.06{{efn|%of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 87,154
|percentage = 35.09
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,48,377
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Khordha district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coord|20.35|85.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Khordha district]]
[[Category:Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2009]]

Seppa East Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:41:55Z

Meet: Started info - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Arunachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Seppa East
| state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal West]]
| established = 1990
| reservation = ST
| type= SLA
| map_image = Seppa East Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 10
| mla = Ealing Tallang
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = 12,461
}}
'''Seppa East''' is one of the 60 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoarunachal-ACs>{{cite web |url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/gismaps.html |title=GIS Maps of State, Districts & ACs|website=ceoarunachal.nic.in |accessdate= 27 June 2020 |archive-date=2020-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627145610/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/gismaps.html}}</ref> It is part of [[East Kameng district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. Its current representative is [[Tapuk Taku]], of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].{{update after|2024|6}}

{{Pie chart|caption=Most Successful parties from Tezpur Vidhan Sabha|other=|value1=52|label1=[[Indian National Congress|'''Indian National Congress''' (2 Times)]]|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|value2=30|label2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''Bharatiya Janata Party''' (1 Time)]]|color2={{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}|value3=6|label3=[[Janata Party|'''Janata Party''' (1 Time)]]|color3={{party color|Janata Party}}|value4=6|label4=[[Nationalist Congress Party|'''Nationalist Congress Party''' (1 Time)]]|color4={{party color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}|value5=6|label5=[[Janata Dal|'''Janata Dal''' (1 Time)]]|color5={{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}|value6=|label6=|color6=|value7=|label7=|color7=|value8=|label8=|color8=}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Mepe Dada || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Bida Tako || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | Atum Welly || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name="election2009">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4039-arunachal-pradesh-2009/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> || rowspan=3 | [[Tapuk Taku]] || {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4040-arunachal-pradesh-2014/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <ref name="results2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 29 June 2021}}</ref> || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|-
| [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Ealing Tallang]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite news |last1=India TV News |last2= |first2= |date=2 June 2024 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080244/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seppa East">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seppa East |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0210.htm |accessdate=18 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518095600/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0210.htm |archivedate=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ealing Tallang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,412 |percentage=79.95% |change={{increase}}30.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tame Gyadi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,812 |percentage=19.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=47 |percentage=0.51% |change={{decrease}}0.18 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,600 |percentage=60.40% |change= {{increase}}60.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,271 |percentage=74.40% |change= {{decrease}}6.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,461 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}30.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tapuk Taku]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,184 |percentage=49.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ealing Tallang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,155 |percentage=49.48% |change={{increase}}18.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=58 |percentage=0.69% |change={{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29 |percentage=0.35% |change= {{decrease}}36.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,397 |percentage=81.30% |change= {{increase}}11.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,328 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tapuk Taku]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,134 |percentage=67.49% |change={{increase}}19.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lelung Lingfa |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,366 |percentage=31.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=107 |percentage=1.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,768 |percentage=36.39% |change= {{increase}}33.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,607 |percentage=70.03% |change= {{decrease}}5.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,862 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Trinamool Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tapuk Taku]] |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=4,666 |percentage=51.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tame Phassang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,374 |percentage=48.38% |change={{decrease}}4.74 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=292 |percentage=3.23% |change= {{decrease}}3.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,040 |percentage=75.59% |change= {{increase}}22.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,959 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}13.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Trinamool Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atum Welly |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,939 |percentage=53.12% |change={{increase}}6.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tame Phassang |party=Independent politician |votes=3,476 |percentage=46.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=463 |percentage=6.24% |change= {{decrease}}0.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,415 |percentage=50.52% |change= {{decrease}}4.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,896 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atum Welly |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,491 |percentage=53.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bida Tako |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,066 |percentage=46.76% |change={{increase}}22.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=425 |percentage=6.48% |change= {{decrease}}9.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,557 |percentage=60.53% |change= {{decrease}}14.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,324 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bida Tako |party=Janata Party |votes=3,193 |percentage=45.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atum Welly |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,062 |percentage=29.53% |change={{decrease}}21.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mepe Dada |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,728 |percentage=24.75% |change={{decrease}}22.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,131 |percentage=16.20% |change= {{increase}}12.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,983 |percentage=76.49% |change= {{increase}}3.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,609 |ref = |change= {{increase}}39.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Janata Dal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Seppa East<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mepe Dada |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,461 |percentage=51.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atum Welly |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,266 |percentage=47.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Takar Taku |party=Independent politician |votes=78 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=195 |percentage=4.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,805 |percentage=74.22% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,912 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[West Siang district]]
*[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord|27.361|93.052|display=title}}

[[Category:East Kameng district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

Crispin Chettri

2026-04-15T14:38:18Z

Meet: started a stub

{{Short description|Indian football manager}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Crispin Chettri
| image =
| caption =
| full_name = Crispin Chettri
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|1|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kurseong]], [[West Bengal]], India
| currentclub = [[India women's national football team|India Women]] (head coach)
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = Williamson Magor FA
| years1 = –
| clubs1 = [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = [[United SC|United]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 1999–2000
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U19]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| manageryears1 = 2020–2021
| managerclubs1 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (assistant)
| manageryears2 = 2021–2024
| managerclubs2 = [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha (state)]]
| manageryears3 = 2021–2022
| managerclubs3 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| manageryears4 = 2022–2025
| managerclubs4 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
| manageryears5 = 2025–2026
| managerclubs5 = [[India women's national football team|India Women]]
| manageryears6 = 2026
| managerclubs6 = [[India women's national football team|India Women]] (assistant)
| manageryears7 = 2026–
| managerclubs7 = [[India women's national football team|India Women]]
}}

'''Crispin Chettri''' (born 20 January 1975) is an Indian [[Association football|football]] [[Manager (association football)|manager]] and former footballer, who is currently serving as the head coach of the [[India women's national football team]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Crispin Chettri likely to be re-appointed as India women’s team head coach|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/crispin-chettri-to-be-reappointed-as-india-womens-football-team-head-coach-technical-committee-decision/article70823214.ece|date=4 April 2026|publisher=Sportstar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Crispin Chettri to be Indian Women's Football Team's head coach for Pink Ladies Cup|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-crispin-chettri-indian-womens-football-team-pink-ladies-cup-202501|date=20 January 2025|publisher=Khel Now}}</ref> He also served as the [[head coach]] of the Indian women's club [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/odisha-fc-launch-womens-team-crispin-chettri-named-new-coach/articleshow/92613341.cms|title=Odisha FC launch women's team; Crispin Chettri named new coach|date=2 July 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He has also represented [[India national under-20 football team|India]] at the youth level internationally.<ref name="cch">{{cite web|title=Crispin Chettri |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NTc3Mg== |website=Orisports |access-date=3 March 2024 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Chettri hails from [[Kurseong]], located in the [[Darjeeling district]], West Bengal.

==Playing career==
Chettri has represented the clubs [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]], [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]] and [[United SC]] in the domestic leagues.<ref name="cch"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Crispin Chettri appointed as coach to Mohammedan Sporting Club |url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/crispin-chettri-appointed-as-coach-to-mohammedan-sporting-club/ |website=The Darjeeling Chronicle |date=13 November 2020 }}</ref> He represented [[Assam football team|Assam]] at the state level in [[Santosh Trophy]] and also later represented [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]], [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]] and [[Sikkim football team|Sikkim]].

==International career==
Chettri was selected for the Indian youth team that toured Mauritius in 1999. He represented the [[India national under-20 football team|Indian U19]] team at the [[2000 AFC Youth Championship qualification|2000 AFC Youth Championship qualifiers]] held at Sri Lanka in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2000asianjuniorcupq.html|title=Indian U19 National Team at the 2000 Asian Junior Cup Qualifiers:|website=indianfootball.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028221157/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2000asianjuniorcupq.html|archive-date=28 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/as-u19-00.html|title=AFC Youth Championship 2000|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref>

==Coaching career==
Chettri had his first coaching job as the assistant manager of the Kolkata club [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] which was playing in the [[I-League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kurseong player made coach of Mohammedan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kurseong-player-made-coach-of-mohammedan/cid/1797711 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=11 November 2020 }}</ref>

===Sethu FC===
Chettri was named the head coach of the [[Sethu FC]] for the [[2021–22 Indian Women's League season]]. They finished as runners-up for the season behind [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Invincible Gokulam Kerala FC pip Sethu FC to win the IWL 2021-22 title |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/invincible-gokulam-kerala-fc-pip-sethu-fc-to-win-the-iwl-2021-22-title |website=Sportskeeda |date=26 May 2022 }}</ref>

===Odisha FC===
Chettri was named the head coach of the [[Odisha FC Women]] for the [[2022–23 Indian Women's League season]]. Under his coaching, Odisha FC won their first domestic trophy [[Odisha Women's League]] in the [[2022–23 Odisha Women's League|2022–23]] season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NzUyNQ==|title=Odisha FC crowned OWL champions; ECoR runners-up |work=Orisports.com |date=21 December 2022|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> They qualified for the [[2022–23 Indian Women's League]], where they finished as quarter-finalists in their debut appearance at the first tier.

Chettri led Odisha to their maiden Indian Women's League title in the [[2023–24 Indian Women's League|2023–24]] season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Odisha FC take home the IWL trophy with stunning ease|url=https://i-league.org/odisha-fc-take-home-the-iwl-trophy-with-stunning-ease/|website=i-league.org|publisher=I-League|date=24 March 2024|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

Odisha FC Women represented India in the [[2024–25 AFC Women's Champions League]] after winning the national league. In the preliminary stage, they won against [[Etihad Club| Etihad]] (UAE) and [[Lion City Sailors]] (Singapore). Odisha advanced to the group stage and were drawn into Group C with [[Urawa Red Diamonds]] (Japan), [[Ho Chi Minh City FC]] (Vietnam), and [[Taichung Blue Whale]] (Chinese Taipei). They were eliminated in the group stage after a series of defeats, including a 17–0 loss to Urawa Red Diamonds.

Odisha FC Women, the defending champions of the Indian Women's League (IWL), were relegated to [[ Indian Women's League 2 |IWL 2]] in the [[2024–25 Indian Women's League|2024–25]] season following a disappointing campaign. Despite winning the IWL title in 2023–24 under head coach Crispin Chettri, the team endured a poor run, finishing with only 12 points from 11 matches. Their relegation was confirmed after a 3–0 loss to [[Sreebhumi FC]] on April 16, 2025, marking a dramatic fall from grace for the club.

===India===
In February 2025, Chettri took over as the head coach of the [[India women's national football team|India women's football team]] and led them during the [[Pink Ladies Cup]]. In July 2025, Chettri led India to a historic qualification for the [[AFC Women's Asian Cup]] as the team secured a berth at for the first time via [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|qualification]]. India defeated group qualifiers host [[Thailand women's national football team|Thailand]] 2–1 to earn a berth at the [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2026 edition]] set to be hosted in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |title=India qualifies for AFC Women's Asian Cup 2026 after beating higher-ranked Thailand |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-thailand-report-score-qualifies-afc-womens-asian-cup-2026-qualifiers-indian-football-news-sangita-basfore/article69777193.ece |access-date=5 July 2025 |work=Sportstar |date=5 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India women’s football team qualifies for 2026 AFC Asian Cup to be held in Australia|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/india-womens-football-team-qualifies-for-2026-afc-asian-cup-to-be-held-in-australia-prnt/cid/2111774#goog_rewarded|website=The Telegraph|date=7 July 2025}}</ref>

== Managerial statistics ==
{{updated|15 April 2026}}

All competitive games (league, domestic and continental cups) are included.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+ Managerial record by team and tenure
|-
!rowspan=2|Team
!rowspan=2|From
!rowspan=2|To
!colspan=5|Record
|-
!{{abbr|P|Matches played}}!!{{abbr|W|Matches won}}!!{{abbr|D|Matches drawn}}!!{{abbr|L|Matches lost}}!!{{abbr|Win %|Win percentage}}
|-
|align=left|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|align=left|2021
|align=left|2022
{{WDL|11|10|0|1|decimals=1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|align=left|2022
|align=left|2025
{{WDL|43|27|5|11|decimals=1}}
|-
|align=left|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|align=left|2025
|align=left|present
{{WDL|13|6|0|7|decimals=1}}
|-
!colspan=3|Total
{{WDLtot|67|43|5|19|decimals=1}}
|}

==Honours==
===Player===

'''Eveready Association'''
*[[Kalinga Cup]]: 2005<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Aug 29, 2005|title=Eveready edge out Bada Jagarini {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/eveready-edge-out-bada-jagarini/articleshow/1213691.cms|access-date=20 December 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220154033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/eveready-edge-out-bada-jagarini/articleshow/1213691.cms|archive-date=20 December 2021|language=en}}</ref>

===Manager===
'''Sethu FC'''
* [[Indian Women's League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 Indian Women's League|2021–22]]

'''Odisha FC'''
* [[Indian Women's League]]: [[2023–24 Indian Women's League|2023–24]]
* [[Odisha Women's League]]: [[2022–23 Odisha Women's League|2022–23]]

'''Odisha'''
* [[National Games of India|National Games]] Gold medal: [[2023 National Games of India|2023]]; Silver medal: [[2022 National Games of India|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=National Games 2022, October 10 HIGHLIGHTS: Manipur wins women’s football gold; Tamil Nadu tops Group A in men’s volleyball |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/national-games/national-games-2022-october-10-live-updates-results-highlights-gujarat/article65991366.ece |website=Sportstar |date=10 October 2022 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/coaches/profile/2017MAY839 AIFF profile]
*[https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NTc3Mg== Orisports profile]

{{India women's national football team managers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chettri, Crispin}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian football coaches]]
[[Category:Indian women's football managers]]
[[Category:India women's national football team managers]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:People from Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Footballers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:Tollygunge Agragami FC players]]
[[Category:United SC players]]

Atri Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:15:26Z

Meet: Started

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Atri Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = 233-Atri constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = Romit Kumar
| party = {{Party index link|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| preceded_by = [[Ajay Kumar Yadav]]
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Gaya district|Gaya]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|233]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 308,538
| abolished = 
}}
{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date = March 2020}}

'''Atri Assembly constituency''' is an assembly constituency for [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in [[Gaya district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It comes under [[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]] Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Arwal, Kurtha, Jehanabad, Makhdumpur, Ghoshi and Atri.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Rameshwar Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Shivaratan Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Kishori Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Babu Lal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Maheshwari Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Mundrika Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Surendra Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Ranjeet Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Rajendra Prasad Yadav (Atri politician)|Rajendra Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Kunti Devi|Kunti Devi Yadav]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|[[Krishna Nandan Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}<ref name="election2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/bihar-election-2020-atri-assembly-seat-rjd-kunti-devi-yadav-jdu-nitish-kumar-1135562-2020-09-25|title=अतरी विधानसभा सीट: RJD का गढ़, जहां सेंधमारी की तैयारी में हैं नीतीश |website=www.aajtak.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Kunti Devi|Kunti Devi Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Ajay Kumar Yadav]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|Romit Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
|}

== Election Result ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Atri]]<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Atri">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Atri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04233.htm |accessdate=24 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251124051345/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04233.htm |archivedate=24 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
|candidate = Romit Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:102102}}
|percentage = 51.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Baijayanti Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:76325}}
|percentage = 38.62
|change = +2.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = [[shailendra Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3177}}
|percentage = 1.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md. Vakil Varish
|votes = {{formatnum:2817}}
|percentage = 1.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chandan
|votes = {{formatnum:2112}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3516}}
|percentage = 1.78
|change = -0.88
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25777}}
|percentage = 13.04
|change = +8.42
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197645}}
|percentage = 64.06
|change = +8.84
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Hindustani Awam Morcha
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2020 ===
<ref>{{cite web |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Atri Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/atri.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Atri]]<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ajay Kumar Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:62658}}
|percentage = 36.55
|change = -2.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Manorama Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:54727}}
|percentage = 31.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:25873}}
|percentage = 15.09
|change = -15.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Ajay Kumar Sinha
|votes = {{formatnum:9442}}
|percentage = 5.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subhas Chandra Bose
|votes = {{formatnum:3036}}
|percentage = 1.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Manoj Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2651}}
|percentage = 1.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Lakhan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2307}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chandrika Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:1893}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Pragatisheel Magahi Samaj
|candidate = Shashi Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1828}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4561}}
|percentage = 2.66
|change = -1.35
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7931}}
|percentage = 4.62
|change = -4.25
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171418}}
|percentage = 55.22
|change = -0.21
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = JD(U)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Atri<ref name="Atri Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Atri Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/atri |accessdate=24 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251124051419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/atri |archivedate=24 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Kunti Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:60687}}
|percentage = 38.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:46870}}
|percentage = 30.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Krishna Nandan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:9603}}
|percentage = 6.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Sitaram Prasad Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:6554}}
|percentage = 4.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Darvesh Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5926}}
|percentage = 3.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subhash Kumar Sinha
|votes = {{formatnum:5317}}
|percentage = 3.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mundrika Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:3659}}
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Md. Sarwar Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:2660}}
|percentage = 1.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jai Prakash Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1718}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sunil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1663}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramcharitar Chohan
|votes = {{formatnum:1646}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:6239}}
|percentage = 4.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13817}}
|percentage = 8.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:155757}}
|percentage = 55.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{coord|24.938|85.197|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Bihar elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Gaya district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Chaplin Balu

2026-04-07T17:00:02Z

Meet: started a pg

{{Short description|Indian comedian and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chaplin Balu
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1992–present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Chaplin Balu''' is an Indian actor and comedian who predominantly featured in comedy roles in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] cinema. He had acted in over 150 films in his acting career.

== Career ==
During his acting career, he frequently collaborated with lead actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in most of the latter's earlier films, often appearing as a friend of him in a supporting character role. His prominent collaborations with Vijay include ''[[Naalaiya Theerpu]]'' (1992), ''[[Senthoorapandi]]'' (1993), [[Deva (1995 film)|''Deva'']] (1995), ''[[Coimbatore Mappillai]]'' (1996), ''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]'' (1996), ''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]'' (1996), ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'' (1997). At the shooting set of ''Maanbumigu Maanavan'' (1996), Vijay engaged in a heated exchange with his own father [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] where Vijay asked for the rationale behind slapping Chaplin Balu for a careless mistake committed by an assistant director in the shooting spot, which Chandrasekhar mistook and misunderstood as he thought the mistake was due to Chaplin Balu's fault.<ref>{{Cite web |title=கன்னத்தில் அறைந்த எஸ் ஏ சந்திரசேகர்!|url=https://tamil.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=188942 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=tamil.adaderana.lk|language=ta}}</ref>

He also collaborated in comedy sequences along with veteran actor Vivek in several of his films including ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'' (2000), ''[[Budget Padmanabhan]]'' (2000), [[Shahjahan (film)|''Shahjahan'']] (2001), ''[[Saamy]]'' (2003), ''[[Dhool]]'' (2003). In [[Prabhu Deva]] starrer, ''Pennin Manathai Thottu'' (2000), he alongside Vivek and Mayilsamy acted in a film sequence which was shot and set within a single take.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆவுடையப்பன் |first=பேச்சி |date=2024-05-31 |title="விவேக் எனக்கு கடவுள் மாதிரி.. இறந்தப்போ நான் பாக்கல" - நடிகர் சாப்ளின் பாலு |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-chaplin-balu-talks-about-his-cinema-career-185664 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=tamil.abplive.com |language=ta}}</ref> He also reportedly gave an hint to Vivek to apply dirty particles and black stain around his body in order to capture and grab the attention of audience for the comedy track sequence in Vijay starrer ''Shahjahan'' (2001), which also involved veteran actress [[Kovai Sarala]] where the latter played the role of a beggar woman.<ref name="y">{{Cite web |last=S |first=Kalyani Pandiyan |title=Chaplin balu: 'சிநேகிதனே சிநேகிதனே; பிச்சைக்காரி கூட படுத்தா எப்படி? நான் விவேக்ட்ட சொன்ன உடனே சட்டுன்னு'-சார்லின் [sic] பாலு! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chaplin-balu-latest-interview-about-youth-movie-vivek-kovai-sarala-comedy-scenes-131718416440104.html |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615032101/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chaplin-balu-latest-interview-about-youth-movie-vivek-kovai-sarala-comedy-scenes-131718416440104.html |archive-date=15 June 2024 |url-status=dead |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref>

However, his career took a backseat when veteran actor [[Vadivelu]] often interfered and took away the acting opportunities of him and other character artists. Initially, he was signed to play a role in ''[[Poonthottam]]'' (1998) and shoot for the film for ten days but Vadivelu intervened and he was subsequently removed from the film.<ref name="y"/> Vadivelu apparently did not let other supporting comedy actors to shine and peak using their own mannerisms and Chaplin Balu was one of the casualties of Vadivelu's antics according to sources.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Kalyani Pandiyan |title=Chaplin Balu: 'சினிமாவே நான்தான்னு நினைக்கக்கூடாது.. என் கேரக்டர பிடுங்கி நடிச்சாரு' - சார்லின் [sic] பாலு! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chaplin-balu-latest-interview-about-vadivelu-bad-character-131718365893921.html |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614123250/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chaplin-balu-latest-interview-about-vadivelu-bad-character-131718365893921.html |archive-date=14 June 2024 |url-status=dead |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Naalaiya Theerpu]]'' (1992)
*''[[Senthoorapandi]]'' (1993)
*''[[Sathyavan]]'' (1994)
*''[[Deva (1995 film)|Deva]]'' (1995)
*''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' (1995) (uncredited)
*''[[Coimbatore Mappillai]]'' (1996)
*''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]'' (1996)
*''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]'' (1996)
*''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' (1996)
*''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'' (1997)
*''[[Vasuke]]'' (1997)
*''[[Kizhakkum Merkkum]]'' (1998)
*''[[Tholi Prema (1998 film)|Tholi Prema]]'' (1998; Telugu)
* ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'' (1999)
*''[[Anantha Poongatre]]'' (1999)
*''[[Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum]]'' (1999)
*''[[Nenjinile]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Minsara Kanna]]'' (1999)
*''[[Paattali]]'' (1999)
*''[[Nilave Mugam Kaattu]]'' (1999)
*''[[Ninaivirukkum Varai]]'' (1999)
*''[[Sudhandhiram]]'' (2000)
*''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Appu (2000 film)|Appu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Kann Thirandhu Paaramma]]'' (2000)
*''[[Budget Padmanabhan]]'' (2000)
*''[[Ilaiyavan]]'' (2000)
*''[[Uyirile Kalanthathu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Manasu (film)|Manasu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Chocklet]]'' (2001)
*''[[Shahjahan (film)|Shahjahan]]'' (2001)
*''[[Love Marriage (2001 film)|Love Marriage]]'' (2001)
*''[[Piriyadha Varam Vendum]]'' (2001)
*''[[Poove Pen Poove]]'' (2001)
*''[[Mitta Miraasu]]'' (2001)
*''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]'' (2002)
*''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]'' (2002; Kannada) (uncredited)
*''[[Pesadha Kannum Pesume]]'' (2002)
*''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]'' (2002)
*''[[Style (2002 film)|Style]]'' (2002)
*''[[Dhool]]'' (2003)
*''[[Vaseegara]]'' (2003) (uncredited)
*''[[Pallavan]]'' (2003)
*''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' (2003)
*''[[Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu]]'' (2003)
*''[[Saamy]]'' (2003)
*''[[Manasellam]]'' (2003)
*''[[Sindhamal Sitharamal]]'' (2003)
*''[[Ghilli]]'' (2004)
*''[[Maanasthan]]'' (2004)
*''[[Loves (film)|Loves]]'' (2004)
*''[[Arivumani]]'' (2004)
*''En Purushan Ethir Veetu Ponnu'' (2004)
*''[[Englishkaran]]'' (2005)
*''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]'' (2005)
*''[[Vanakkam Thalaiva]]'' (2005)
*''[[En Uyirinum Melana]]'' (2007)
*''[[Sutta Pazham]]'' (2008)
*''[[Kuruvi]]'' (2008)
*''[[Iyakkam]]'' (2008)
*''[[Unnai Kann Theduthe]]'' (2009)
*''[[Sattapadi Kutram]]'' (2011)
*''[[Poova Thalaiya (2011 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]'' (2011)
*''[[Osthe]]'' (2011)
*''[[Onbadhule Guru]]'' (2013)
*''[[Enbathettu]]'' (2017)
*''[[Junga (film)|Junga]]'' (2018)
*''Azhagai Pookuthe'' (2023)
*''[[Vizhithelu]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title='Vizhithelu' is an awareness film, says director Tamilchelvan - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vizhithelu-is-an-awareness-film-says-director-tamilchelvan-exclusive/articleshow/98312505.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*''[[Pagalariyaan]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-01 |title=Pagalariyaan Teaser: Vetri is Wolf, a strange man on a mission |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/01/pagalariyaan-teaser-vetri-is-wolf-a-strange-man-on-a-mission |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
*''2K Heart'' (2025)
{{Colend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm5800199}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balu, Chaplin}}
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996

2026-04-01T17:36:58Z

Meet: put up a pg - done

{{Short description|244(A)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996
| long_title = An Act to provide for the extension of the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas.
| imagesize = 150
| citation = No. 40 of 1996
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| date_enacted = 24 December 1996
| status = in force
| territorial_extent = [[Scheduled Areas]]
}}
[[File:PESA village informational stone.jpg|thumb|A stone plaque marking the jurisdiction of a village governed by the PESA Act.]]

The '''Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996''' abbreviated as '''PESA Act''' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/legislations|title=विधान - The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act|website=pesadarpan.gov.in|language=hi-IN|access-date=2017-06-30}}</ref> is a law enacted by the [[Government of India]] for ensuring self governance through traditional [[Gram Sabha|Gram Sabhas]] for people living in the Scheduled Areas of India. Scheduled Areas are areas identified by the [[Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India]]. Scheduled Areas are found in ten states of India which have predominant population of tribal communities. The Scheduled Areas, were not covered by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment or [[Panchayati Raj|Panchayati Raj Act]] of the Indian Constitution as provided in the Part IX of the Constitution. PESA was enacted on 24 December 1996 to extend the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution to Scheduled Areas, with certain exceptions and modifications.

PESA sought to enable the Panchayats at appropriate levels and Gram Sabhas to implement a system of self-governance with respect to a number of issues such as customary resources, minor forest produce, minor minerals, minor water bodies, selection of beneficiaries, sanction of projects, and control over local institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panchayat.gov.in/pesa|title=PESA - Ministry of Panchayati Raj|website=www.panchayat.gov.in}}</ref> PESA is an Act to provide for the extension of the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats and the Scheduled Areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://socialissuesindia.wordpress.com/2011/08/04/panchayat-extension-to-scheduled-areas-act-or-pesa-1996/|title=Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (or PESA), 1996|last=Goodpal|date=4 August 2011|work=wordpress.com}}</ref> PESA was viewed as a positive development for tribal communities in Scheduled Areas who had earlier suffered tremendously from engagement with modern development processes and from the operation of both colonial laws and statutes made in independent India. The loss of access to forest land, and other community resources had increased their vulnerability. Rampant land acquisition and displacement due to development projects had led to largescale distress in tribal communities living in Scheduled Areas. PESA was seen as a panacea for many of these vulnerabilities and sought to introduce a new paradigm of development where the tribal communities in such Scheduled Areas were to decide by themselves the pace and priorities of their development.

==Definition==

“Scheduled Areas” mean the Scheduled Areas as referred to in Clause (1) of Article 244<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1624304/|title=Article 244 in The Constitution Of India 1949|work=indiankanoon.org}}</ref> of the Constitution. The [[Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India]], which mentions Scheduled Areas, is termed as a "Constitution within a Constitution". The Act extended the provisions of Panchayats to the tribal areas of ten states that have Fifth Schedule Areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribal.nic.in/index3.asp?subsublinkid=305&langid=1|title=Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India|website=Tribal.nic.in|access-date=13 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412231835/http://tribal.nic.in/index3.asp?subsublinkid=305&langid=1|archive-date=12 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Rules==
In order to ensure that PESA would be implemented, functional guidelines in the form of PESA rules are absolutely necessary. However, the lack of interest of state governments in publishing PESA rules impacted PESA adversely.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Tribals-yet-to-benefit-from-PESA-Act/articleshow/18343455.cms|title=Tribals yet to benefit from PESA Act|work=[[Times of India]]|date=5 February 2013 }}</ref> In the past few years four states have been able to publish PESA Rules. [[Andhra Pradesh]] was the first state to publish the rules in 2011, 15 years after the promulgation of PESA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/AP+PESA+Rules+_2011.pdf/5a03b369-981f-4cf3-b9e3-1b63b7366df4|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205205035/http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/AP+PESA+Rules+_2011.pdf/5a03b369-981f-4cf3-b9e3-1b63b7366df4|archive-date=5 February 2017|website=pesadarpan.gov.in|publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|department=Panchayat Raj and Rural Development (MDL.I)|title=Andhra Pradesh Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Rules– Orders|date=24 March 2011|id=G.O.Ms. No. 66}}</ref> [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Telangana]], [[Gujarat]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh notifies PESA Rules on the occasion of Janjatiya Gaurav Divas |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1876869 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and [[Maharashtra]] have also published their PESA Rules.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rashmi Drolia|date=Aug 9, 2022 |title=Chhattisgarh notifies PESA rules, empowers gram sabhas for self-governance in scheduled areas|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-notifies-pesa-rules-empowers-gram-sabhas-for-self-governance-in-scheduled-areas/articleshow/93460266.cms |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/HP+PESA+Rules+2011.pdf/13d9d7d2-a8f2-479f-a101-ea353c928181 |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923082038/http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/HP+PESA+Rules+2011.pdf/13d9d7d2-a8f2-479f-a101-ea353c928181 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Rajasthan+PESARules2011.pdf/344f7f87-fe5d-4253-bbfd-7973215b8084 |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923081755/http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Rajasthan+PESARules2011.pdf/344f7f87-fe5d-4253-bbfd-7973215b8084 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite act|url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Maharashtra+PESA+Rules+2014.pdf/aeac197c-5c6c-435a-b582-569e7c79af93|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019134632/http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Maharashtra+PESA+Rules+2014.pdf/aeac197c-5c6c-435a-b582-569e7c79af93|title=Maharashtra Village Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Rules|author=[[Government of Maharashtra]]|date=4 March 2014|number=PRI-2010/CR-130/PR-2}}</ref> The remaining two states, [[Jharkhand]] and [[Odisha]], have not yet framed PESA rules, though Jharkhand has floated a draft for public consultation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=Jharkhand issues PESA draft rules for consultations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jharkhand-issues-pesa-draft-rules-for-consultations-8862282/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Role of governors in Scheduled Areas and in implementation of PESA==

PESA is implemented in Scheduled Areas. The Scheduled Areas are governed by the provisions of the Fifth schedule of the Constitution. The Fifth schedule gives to the governors of the ten scheduled area states very important functions. While, constitutionally, in most matters of governance the governors are aided and advised by the Council of Ministers, it may not be so in matters concerning the Scheduled Areas. As per para 3 of the Fifth Schedule "the Governor of each State having Scheduled Areas therein shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Scheduled Areas in that State and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas."

The Attorney General had advised the Home Ministry that the role of the governor in sending this report is discretionary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/Notice-to-Chhattisgarh-on-5th-Schedule/articleshow/21293186.cms|title=Notice to Chhattisgarh on 5th Schedule|work=[[Times of India]]|date=24 July 2013 }}</ref>
An even more significant role of the Governor in scheduled areas arises out of the powers inherent in sub-para (1) of Para 5 of the Fifth Schedule. As per the sub-Para "5. Law applicable to Scheduled Areas.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the Governor may by public notification direct that any particular Act of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State shall not apply to a Scheduled Area or any part thereof in the State or shall apply to a Scheduled Area or any part thereof in the State subject to such exceptions and modifications as he may specify in the notification and any direction given under this sub-paragraph may be given so as to have retrospective effect."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(33).pdf |title=Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025082016/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(33).pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has been alleged that Governors of most states have not been able to send all reports on time and the content of the reports also does not do justice to this Constitutional responsibility.<ref name="PESA">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265000754|title=PESA, Left-Wing Extremism and Governance: Concerns and Challenges in India's Tribal Districts|first1=Ajay|last1=Dandekar|first2=Chitrangada|last2=Choudhury|date=1 January 2010|website=researchgate.net}}</ref>

The above provision gives to the Governor of a Schedule Areas a very significant power "notwithstanding anything in the Constitution". This power, unlike the power in sub-para (2) of Para 5 (regulation making powers) is bound neither by the advice of the Tribes Advisory Council or the assent of the President. The provision lays down the responsibility on the Governor to ensure that laws that are contrary to the interests of Scheduled Areas may be suitably modified. However, it has been alleged that Governors of Scheduled Areas (barring a few exception ) have hardly ever used these powers independently.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governors-in-the-dock-40701 | title=Governors in the dock|author=Jitendra|website=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]|date=15 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005085623/http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governors-in-the-dock-40701|archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=58570|title=Odisha: Sundargarh Tribal Gherao Rajbhawan Demanding Withdrawal of 14th Nov Notification for Extension of RMC|work=orissadiary.com|date=9 April 2015|location=[[Bhubaneswar]]|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917125712/http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=58570}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ramachandraguha.in/archives/justice-and-the-adivas.html|title=Justice and the Adivasi, The Telegraph « ::Welcome to Ramachandra Guha.in::|work=ramachandraguha.in}}</ref> There have been also demands that the Reports prepared by the Governors should be made public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/national/2009/email_alerts/disseminating_information_accessed_under_the_rti_act_aug_12_2009.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823081113/https://humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/national/2009/email_alerts/disseminating_information_accessed_under_the_rti_act_aug_12_2009.pdf|archive-date=2024-08-23|title=Disseminating Information Accessed under the RTI Act: Reports related to Schedule V Areas (habitat of ethnic communities)|date=2009-08-12|first=Venkatesh|last=Nayak|website=[[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]]|access-date=2024-11-16}}</ref> However, recently Maharashtra Governor has issued a number of notifications to bring the state subject laws in line with PESA and to guarantee minor forest produce to Gram Sabha. Certain steps have also been taken to ensure peace and good governance in such areas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2015 |title=Governor takes stock of development schemes in Chikhaldara |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Governor-takes-stock-of-development-schemes-in-Chikhaldara/articleshow/49636146.cms |work=[[Times of India]]|url-status=live|archive-date=16 November 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241116110501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Governor-takes-stock-of-development-schemes-in-Chikhaldara/articleshow/49636146.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-maharashtra-governor-demands-for-a-stronger-follow-up-of-forest-rights-and-panchayat-acts-2051464|title=Maharashtra Governor demands for a stronger follow up of Forest Rights and Panchayat Acts|date=10 January 2015|work=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-maharashtra-governor-curbs-collector-s-power-in-tribal-land-sale-2228374|title=Maharashtra Governor curbs collector's power in tribal land sale|date=27 June 2016|work=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/maharashtra/governor-intervenes-shutting-down-of-model-schools-on-hold/|title=Maharashtra Governor intervenes, shutting down of model schools on hold|date=9 July 2015|work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

A 'Group of Governors on the Areas under Schedule V of the Constitution and Related Issues'- was constituted by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]], included Governors of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, with Governor of Maharashtra and Minister of Tribal Affairs, Government of India - as special invitees.
The Group recommended a number of interventions such as constitution of a Tribes Advisory Council in Schedule V States on a uniform pattern, drafting of a uniform model for Tribal Sub Plan Budget Allocations, making TSP allocations non transferable and non lapsable, declaring all TSP districts as 'High Priority Districts' under National Rural Health Mission, protecting land rights of tribal communities, etc.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/eight-governors-favour-tribes-advisory-council-in-schedule-v-states-114021401056_1.html|title=Eight governors favour 'Tribes Advisory Council' in Schedule V states|last=ANI|newspaper=[[Business Standard India]]|date=14 February 2014}}</ref>
The [[Prime Minister of India]] in the Conference of Governors held in 2013 advised the Governors of Fifth scheduled States to use their Fifth schedule powers and to implement PESA effectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/full-text-of-pm-speech-in-the-conference-of-governors-153896-2013-02-11|title=PMs speech in the Conference of Governors|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

==Implementation of PESA in Maharashtra and Role of Governor under the Fifth Schedule==
<ref name="Governor Responsibility">{{cite web|url=http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/rajbhavan/Pages/frm_governer_resposibilities.aspx|title=मा.राज्यपाल यांच्या भूमिका व जबाबदा-या|work=rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in}}</ref>

A number of steps have been taken in the past few years by the Governor of Maharashtra to fulfil his mandate under the Fifth Schedule and to ensure implementation of PESA in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/guv-notification-on-filling-govt-posts-in-maha-scheduled-areas-114061000172_1.html|title=Guv notification on filling govt posts in Maha scheduled areas|newspaper=[[Business Standard India]]|date=10 June 2014|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

'''A. Change in Village definition in Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act:'''

Since the hamlets and habitations in Scheduled Areas are dispersed and ar apart from each other, section 4 (b) of PEA recognised the right of such habitations to become a village and to have their own Gram Sabhas. Accordingly, Maharashtra Government, by Notification dated 25/06/2014, inserted in chapter III-A of the Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act, special provisions relating to Village and Gram Sabha, namely:

''"54-1A. Notwithstanding anything contained in sections 4, 5 or any other provisions of this Act, in the Scheduled Areas, - (a) a habitation or a group of habitations or a hamlet or a group of hamlets comprising a community and managing its affairs in accordance with traditions and customs, and which is declared as a village in the prescribed manner shall be the village for the purposes of this chapter;''

''"(b) every village, so declared under clause (a), shall have a 'Gram Sabha' consisting of persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the Panchayat at the Village level and a Panchayat may {{sic|comprise |hide=y|of}} one or more than one of such villages."''

'''B. Promulgation of PESA Rules for Maharashtra:'''

In order to ensure that PESA was implemented in letter and spirit, there was also a need to put in place PESA rules in the state. This task had been long pending and was coming in the way of implementation of PESA. However, in March 2014 the State Government finally published PESA rules to ensure detailed directions about the various aspects of PESA.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Maharashtra+PESA+Rules+2014.pdf/aeac197c-5c6c-435a-b582-569e7c79af93 |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923015720/http://www.pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/Maharashtra+PESA+Rules+2014.pdf/aeac197c-5c6c-435a-b582-569e7c79af93 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

'''C. Bringing State Acts in conformity with PESA'''

Changes were required in various State Acts of Maharashtra State to bring them in conformity with PESA. This was necessary as PESA requires its implementation through the Panahayati Raj Act of the State and the State subject laws. By a series of notifications the Governor of Maharashtra ensured that most of these state legislations were brought in line with PESA. Many of the above Acts have been modified and brought in line with PESA by Notifications issued by the present Governor of Maharashtra Shri Ch. Vidyasagar Rao and the earlier Governor Shri Sankarnarayanan.

'''D. Notifications issued by the Governor of Maharashtra under sub-para (1) of Para 5 :'''

Under sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 5 of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, the Governor may by Public Notification direct that any particular Act of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State shall not apply to a Scheduled Area or any part thereof in the State or shall apply to a Scheduled Area or any part thereof in the state subject to the exceptions and modifications specified in the notification. In exercise of these powers, the Governor of Maharashtra has issued various notifications for welfare of tribal communities in Scheduled Areas.

'''1. Notification under sub-para (1) of Para 5 ensuring ownership of minor forest produce, including Bamboo and Tendu'''

The definition of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) under the ''Maharashtra Transfer of Ownership of Minor Forest Produce in the Scheduled Areas and the Maharashtra Minor Forest Produce (Recognition of Trade) (Amendment) Act, 1997'' did not include many of the minor forest produce recognized under the subsequent the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, (FRA). Hence, despite the powers vested in them under PESA, the Gram sabhas were not able to access many important MFPs such as Tendu and Bamboo. In fact, the list included in the state subject law pertained to only 33 low value MFPs. This anomaly had led to denial of livelihood opportunities to Village Communities in the Scheduled Areas, primarily the members of the Scheduled Tribes. By Notification dated 19/08/2014, the Governor of Maharashtra made modifications to the Maharashtra Transfer of Ownership of Minor Forest Produce in the Scheduled Areas and the Maharashtra Minor Forest Produce (Regulation of trade) (Amendment) Act, 1997 and modifications to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, in its application to the State of Maharashtra.<ref name="Governor Responsibility" />

Because of these changes many Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas have been able to exercise their rights over minor forest produce, including high value products, such as bamboo and tendu. Using these rights in consonance with FRA, more than 100 Gram Sabhas in Gadchiroli have exercised for the first time their rights over bamboo and more than 500 have exercised their rights over tendu and earned income ranging from 10 [[lakh]] to 80 lakh per Gram Sabha, leading to a positive impact in the Left-Wing Extremist (LWE) affected district.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/after-bamboo-for-the-first-time-gram-sabhas-given-rights-over-tendu-leaves/article4431825.ece|title=After bamboo, for the first time Gram sabhas given rights over tendu leaves|first=Meena|last=Menon|date=19 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

2. '''Notification regarding prevention of land alienation by Gram Sabhas through modification to the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966:'''

The Scheduled Areas are often plagued with land alienation from tribal persons to non-tribal persons. The tribal communities have been steadily losing land in scheduled Areas and their population vis-a-vis non-tribal persons is dwindling in such areas. Land alienation in such areas occurs because of various reasons such as threat, coercion, fraud, forgery, and the general indebtedness of tribal persons to money-lenders. In order to bring the state revenue laws in line with section 4(m)(iii) of PESA, 1996, in exercise of powers conferred by sub paragraph (1) of paragraph 5 of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution, by Notification dated 14/06/2016, the Governor of Maharashtra directed that section 36 A of the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966, in its application to the Scheduled Areas of the State of Maharashtra shall apply with the modifications mentioned in the said Notification and that no land can be alienated in Scheduled Areas without the prior consent of the Gram Sabhas.<ref>http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/rajbhavan/pdf/14062016-11019_89_2013_Gaze_Notification%20on%20MLRC%20Amendment.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

3. '''Notifications under sub-para (1) of Para 5 of Fifth Schedule bringing certain State Acts in consonance with PESA'''

The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996) had been enacted with intention of extending the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas, and to ensure a large degree of self-governance to the appropriate Panchayats and the Gram Sabhas in the Scheduled Areas. Since the provisions of PESA also requires that all the State Acts shall ensure that the appropriate Panchayats and Gram Sabhas are endowed with a number of powers outlined in the said Act, it is expedient to bring certain State Acts in consonance with the PESA. Therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 5 of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of India, by Notification dated 30/10/2014, Governor of Maharashtra Shri Ch. Vidyasagar Rao directed that the ''Markets and Fairs Act, 1862 (Bom. IV of 1862), Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927), in its application to the State of Maharashtra, the Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act (III of 1959), the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974) in its application to the State of Maharashtra'', shall apply to the Scheduled Areas with the exceptions and modifications mentioned in the said Notification.<ref name="Governor Responsibility" /> By the notification, a special chapter was introduced in the ''Indian Forest Act, 1927'' to ensure the rights of the minor forest produce of Gram Sabhas was carried out without any hindrance. All decisions about collection, sale and sharing of income proceeds are now taken by Gram Sabhas. The definition of social sector in the Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act was also amended so that all line departments dealing in social sector could also be reviewed by the Panchayati Raj sector.

E. '''Guidelines regarding Bamboo cutting and selling through Gram Sabha:'''

As per the Notification dated 19/08/2014, Bamboo has been added in the list of Minor Forest Produce in Scheduled Areas. In pursuance to this Notification, the Rural Development Department by Government Resolution dated 31/03/2015 and 23/11/2015 has issued guidelines regarding Bamboo cutting and selling through Gram Sabhas.

F. '''Seed capital from Manav Vikas Mission to ensure meaningful access to Minor Forest Produce:'''
Planning Department by Government Resolution dated 21/08/2014 and 01/08/2016 has issued instructions to make available the one-time seed capital to the Gram Sabhas for this purpose through [[Manav Vikas Mission|MVM]].

G. '''Direct devolution of 5% of Tribal Sub Plan fund to Gram Panchayats'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribal.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/Pdf/pesa_grampanchayat_pustika.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727034545/https://tribal.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/Pdf/pesa_grampanchayat_pustika.pdf|language=mr|script-title=mr:पेसा ग्रामपंचायतींना मुक्त निधी मार्गदर्शक पुस्तिका|trans-title=Open Funds to PESA Gram Panchayats Guidebook|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]|department=Tribal Development}}</ref>

By Notification dated 30/10/2014, the Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act (III of 1959) has been modified. A new clause (o) in section 54 B is inserted that Gram Panchayats and Gram Sabhas shall " be competent to exercise control over local plans and resources for such plan including the Tribal Sub Plan, provided that not less than 5% of the total Tribal Sub Plan funds of the respective annual plan shall be devolved to the Gram Panchayats in Scheduled Areas in proportion to their population." In pursuance to this Notification, a Government Resolution has been issued on 21 April 2015 and then on 21 August 2015 by Tribal Development Department regarding direct devolution of 5% of Tribal Sub Plan funds to Gram Panchayats in Scheduled Areas of Maharashtra State. This step is significant as it ensures a greater degree of democratic decentralization in such areas.

==PESA in 6 state ==

A Planning Commission Report concluded that "in most cases, in the pre-PESA implementation phase, there was little if any difference between tribal and non-tribal areas with respect to the role of the Gram Sabha. The Sarpanch and other influential Gram Panchayat members dominate the often irregular and scantily attended Gram Sabha meetings. The common people possess little awareness about its functioning." The report recommended awareness generation among the tribal community on the provisions provided in PESA Act. The report also noted that there has been " absolutely no groundwork in recognising the Gram Sabha’s jurisdiction over forests and in the creation of adequate mechanisms and support structures for them to play any significant role. ...• The advent of PESA in 1996 was a welcome event that conferred relatively greater autonomy to Gram Sabhas. However, PESA’s sincere implementation has not been seriously attempted by the government, which is still dominated by centralized structures and laws that are in contradiction with the progressive provisions of PESA. For example, the provisions, as explained in the Act, related to people’s control over livelihood resources have yet to be executed in the scheduled areas. In a few places, since the appearance of PESA, an attempt has been made to restore control over the village resources to the people. Following these efforts, people have faced sometimes violent reactions from the ruling class. As such, conflicting areas were identified prior to advocating the implementation of various provisions of PESA."<ref name="Planning Commission">{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/ser_pesa.pdf |title=A Report on Status of Panchayat {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Extention}} To Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act 1996 in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Jharkhand, Gujarat and Chhatisgarh|access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123143635/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/ser_pesa.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Planning Commission report noted that "there are policy loopholes between self-governance laws and existing laws that give power to various departments to control resources, and many other functions that Panchayats are supposed to manage by themselves (as per the provisions of PESA). For example, the modern state and its legal apparatus do not recognise the customary ownership rights of land, which are by and large unwritten in the tribal community. Therefore, if tribal communities cannot exercise ownership rights in their traditional fashion, the spirit behind the provision in PESA of managing land resources by Gram Sabhas is defeated. So more focused and nuanced work should be done in this regards...... Similar conflict is prevalent with regard to ownership rights of water resources. Most village ponds are either on community land, revenue land or forestland. Under existing conditions, local people are either prohibited or have restricted use of these ponds. Hence there is some overlapping of ownership rights, and clarity on such issues is possible only after the Indian Forest Act and other related Acts are amended to accommodate the provisions of PESA."

The report lamented the fact that "the situation regarding forest resources is still worse, as forests have been under total control
of the Department of Forests until now. Years of autocratic control over the profit-yielding forest resources have made the Department reluctant to yield control over forests. It is this very attitude, along with an absence of Amendments in the Indian Forest Act, which is in
conflict with the provisions of PESA and this problem could be solved in a war footing manner."<ref name="Planning Commission" />

==Scheduled Areas and Samatha judgement==

The Samatha judgment of the Supreme Court in 1997 was a landmark judicial intervention in scheduled Areas and PESA. "Samata first filed a case in the local courts and later in the High Court in 1993 against the Government of A.P for leasing tribal lands to private mining companies in the scheduled areas. The High Court dismissed the case after which Samata filed a Special Leave Petition in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. A four- year battle led to a historic judgement in July 1997 by a three judge-bench. The Court in its final verdict, declared that ‘person’ would include both natural persons as well as juristic person and constitutional government and that all lands leased by the government or its agencies to private mining companies apart from its instrumentalities in the scheduled areas are null and void. In addition it also held that transfer of land to the government or its instrumentalities is entrustment of public property as the aim of public corporations is in public interest and hence such transfers stand upheld."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samataindia.org.in/documents/SAMATA_EDIT1.PDF |title=The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution and the Samatha Judgement|access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064442/http://www.samataindia.org.in/documents/SAMATA_EDIT1.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pucl.org/reports/National/2001/samatha.htm|title=Attempts to subvert 'Samatha' judgement|last=PUCL|work=pucl.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thewire.in/25043/supreme-court-must-safeguard-tribal-rights-over-niyamgiri-hills-in-odisha/|title=Supreme Court Must Safeguard Tribal Rights Over Niyamgiri Hills in Odisha|first1=Zubair|last1=Nazeer|first2=Rahul|last2=Chirmurkar|date=17 March 2016|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|access-date=2024-11-16}}</ref> It is alleged that the Central and State Governments were not sympathetic to the Samatha judgement and tried to scuttle it by challenging it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2119/stories/20040924006001200.htm|title=The 'Samata judgment'|work=frontline.in}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

However, the Supreme Court dismissed the petitions of State and Central Governments for modification of the Samata order.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmpindia.org/6sep.htm |title=Supreme Court of India|access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-date=20 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920145737/http://www.mmpindia.org/6sep.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Simultaneously, the Andhra Pradesh government moved the Tribes Advisory Council for amendment to the Land Transfer Regulation Act of 1959. It is also alleged that the Ministry of Mines circulated a Secret Note to the committee of Secretaries proposing an amendment of the Fifth Schedule to overcome the Samata Judgement to facilitate the leasing of land to outsiders in tribal areas. The Indian Express carried an article in the edit page exposing secret note of Ministry of Mines.<ref>{{cite web |first=Manoj|last=Mitta|date=21 September 2000|website=mmpindia.org|agency=[[New Indian Express]]|url=http://www.mmpindia.org/ManojMitta.htm |title=Displacement is not the issue |access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-date=20 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920144951/http://www.mmpindia.org/ManojMitta.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The President Shri K R Narayanan in his Republic Day speech issued a veiled warning against plotting to amend the V Schedule of the Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmpindia.org/Aftermath.htm|title=Aftermath|work=mmpindia.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920145731/http://www.mmpindia.org/Aftermath.htm|archive-date=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmpindia.org/krnarayanan.htm|title=Excerpt from President of India K|work=mmpindia.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920153454/http://www.mmpindia.org/krnarayanan.htm|archive-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> It was also alleged that the Planning Commission had also moved draft notes wanting to do away with the Samatha judgement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmpindia.org/planning.htm |title=Excerpt from Draft Approach Paper: Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)|access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-date=20 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920145233/http://www.mmpindia.org/planning.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Land acquisition in Scheduled Areas==

While section 4 (i) of PESA provides the right to Gram Sabhas to be consulted before land acquisition, more stringent provisions exist in section 41 and 42 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (LARR, in brief).<ref name="India Code" />

Unlike PESA, Section 41 of LARR 2013 provides for consent of Gram Sabhas before the process of land acquisition can begin. Section 41 and 42 also provide certain protections just in case the land acquisition is taken up as a last resort.

"'''41'''(1) As far as possible, no acquisition of land shall be made in the Scheduled Areas.

(2) Where such acquisition does take place it shall be done only as a demonstrable last resort.

(3) In case of acquisition or alienation of any land in the Scheduled Areas, the prior consent of the concerned Gram Sabha or the Panchayats or the autonomous District Councils, at the appropriate level in Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution, as the case may be, shall be obtained, in all cases of land acquisition in such areas, including acquisition in case of urgency, before issue of a notification under this Act, or any other Central Act or a State Act for the time being in force:

Provided that the consent of the Panchayats or the Autonomous Districts Councils shall be obtained in cases where the Gram Sabha does not exist or has not been constituted.

(4) In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a Requiring Body which involves involuntary displacement of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes families, a Development Plan shall be prepared, in such form as may be prescribed, laying down the details of procedure for settling land rights due, but not settled and restoring titles of the Scheduled Tribes as well as the Scheduled Castes on the alienated land by undertaking a special drive together with land acquisition.

(5) The Development Plan shall also contain a programme for development of alternate fuel, fodder and, non-timber forest produce resources on non-forest lands within a period of five years, sufficient to meet the requirements of tribal communities as well as the Scheduled Castes.

(6) In case of land being acquired from members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes, at least one-third of the compensation amount due shall be paid to the affected families initially as first installment and the rest shall be paid after taking over of the possession of the land.

(7) The affected families of the Scheduled Tribes shall be resettled preferably in the same Scheduled Area in a compact block so that they can retain their ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity.

(8) The resettlement areas predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall get land, to such extent as may be decided by the appropriate Government free of cost for community and social gatherings.

(9) Any alienation of tribal lands or lands belonging to members of the Scheduled Castes in disregard of the laws and regulations for the time being in force shall be treated as null and void, and in the case of acquisition of such lands, the rehabilitation and resettlement
benefits shall be made available to the original tribal land owners or land owners belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

(10) The affected Scheduled Tribes, other traditional forest dwellers and the Scheduled Castes having fishing rights in a river or pond or dam in the affected area shall be given fishing rights in the reservoir area of the irrigation or hydel projects.

(11) Where the affected families belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes are relocated outside of the district, then, they shall be paid an additional twenty-five per cent, rehabilitation and resettlement benefits to which they are entitled in monetary
terms along with a one-time entitlement of fifty thousand rupees.<ref name="India Code" />

'''42.''' (1) All benefits, including the reservation benefits available to the Scheduled Tribes and the Scheduled Castes in the affected areas shall continue in the resettlement area.

(2) Whenever the affected families belonging to the Scheduled Tribes who are residing in the Scheduled Areas referred to in the Fifth Scheduled or the tribal areas referred to in the Sixth Scheduled to the Constitution are relocated outside those areas, than, all the statutory safeguards, entitlements, and benefits being enjoyed by them under this Act shall be extended to the area to which they are resettled regardless of whether the resettlement area is a Scheduled Area referred to in the said Fifth Schedule or a tribal area referred to in the said Sixth Schedule, or not.

(3) Where the community rights have been settled under the provisions of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the same shall be quantified in monetary amount and be paid to the individual concerned who
has been displaced due to the acquisition of land in proportion with his share in such community rights."<ref name="India Code">{{Cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/302013.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126074505/http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/302013.pdf|archive-date=2013-11-26|type=Act|title=The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act|id=No. 30|date=2013-09-26|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|publisher=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]]|department=Legislative Department}}</ref>

==PESA, Eleventh Schedule of Constitution and Transfer of 29 subjects to Panchayats at appropriate level and Gram Sabhas==

The difference between PESA and the PRI structure established under the 73rd Constitutional amendment is that while the 73rd Amendment states that the States "may" transfer the 29 subjects enlisted in the Eleventh Schedule, PESA makes this transfer mandatory at least for those powers which are outlined in Section 4 of PESA, namely: Minor Forest produce, Social Forestry, Land Management, Fisheries, Village Markets, tribal development, Social Justice, Food and Civil Supplies, and subjects related to local institutions. In the absence of the transfer of the 3 Fs, i.e., funds, functions, and functionaries it shall be very difficult to put PESA in operation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/12_ELDF+Gujarat.pdf/9a9c281d-f762-4a97-941f-5ea86595bd81|author=Enviro Legal Defence Firm|date=October 2011|website=pesadarpan.gov.in|title=Pesa Implementation - Some Essential Prerequisites and Suggestions for the State of Gujarat|type=Draft report|access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923064202/http://pesadarpan.gov.in/documents/30080/0/12_ELDF+Gujarat.pdf/9a9c281d-f762-4a97-941f-5ea86595bd81 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA) ==
{{See also|The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006}}
Both PESA and FRA are rights-based legislations with certain common ground. While the scope of PESA is limited to Scheduled Areas, FRA extends to all forests. The common string uniting PESA and FRA is the reliance on Gram Sabhas as the unit for decision making. While in PESA it is the Gram sabha which owns MFP, in FRA the rights over MFP are with the STs and the OTFDs. However, these rights are to be exercised as per decisions made by Gram Sabha. In a letter dated 13 February 2015, the Minister of Tribal affairs clarified that there is no conflict between FRA and PESA as far as ownership of MFP is concerned and has called both as "kindred statute".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/2015%20FRA%20compressed.pdf |title=Inter relationship between Forest Rights Act and PESA with special reference to Minor Forest Produce (MFP) |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916021644/http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/2015%20FRA%20compressed.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, one difference between FRA and PESA that can be inferred is that, unlike FRA, the rights over MFP are inherent in statute for all Gram Sabhas without the need to claim rights.

==Scheduled Areas, and the question of tribal land alienation==

One of the keenest issues that have affected tribal autonomy and welfare is the question of land alienation. After the concept of private ownership of property had been extended to tribal lands by the British, a large number of tribal people lost their land to the wiles of the money-lenders and the influx of outsiders. In the wake of a number of tribal uprisings a number of protective acts were passed most notable of which were Act I of 1959 and 1970 in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.registrationacts.in/Pdf/TribalLandAlienation_AP.pdf|title=Tribal Land Alienation in Andhra Pradesh: Processes, Impacts and Policy Concerns|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|date=30 December 2006|first1=S. Laxman|last1=Rao|first2=Priya|last2=Deshingkar|first3=John|last3=Farrington|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710154648/http://www.registrationacts.in/Pdf/TribalLandAlienation_AP.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref> However, the loss of land continued unabated despite several land laws across states promulgated for the protection of tribals.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fr29CwAAQBAJ&q=land%20alienation%20in%20Scheduled%20Areas&pg=PT95|title=Land Rights in India: Policies, movements and challenges|first=Varsha|last=Bhagat-Ganguly|date=14 December 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317354017|via=Google Books}}</ref> PESA was notable in its scope, as by section 4 (m) (iii) it gave to Gram Sabhas the power to not only prevent alienation of land but also to restore illegally alienated land.

== PESA, Scheduled Areas and Part IX A of the Constitution ==

As per article 243 ZC of the Constitution Part IX A of the Constitution relating to urban local bodies shall not be applicable to Scheduled Areas unless Parliament by law makes "Parliament may, by law, extend the provisions of this Part to the Scheduled Areas and the tribal areas referred to in clause (1) subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in such law, and no such law shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368".<ref>{{Cite constitution|article=243ZC|polity=India|date=1949|amendment=Seventy-fourth|url=http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo4_content/Constitutional%20Provision/243%20ZC.pdf|website=[[Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812022401/http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo4_content/Constitutional%20Provision/243%20ZC.pdf|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> In pursuance to this requirement, the Municipal Extension to Scheduled Areas Act (MESA) was introduced in Parliament. However, it was never passed. technically, no areas in Scheduled Areas can be converted into a municipality till the Act is passed. it is expected that if and when such an Act is passed it shall through certain modifications in Part IX A of the Constitution provide adequate safeguards for the people of Scheduled Areas.

However, absence of MESA has not prevented many states from creating municipalities leading to much heartburn in scheduled areas and legal challenges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/tribals-block-steel-city-rourkela-for-a-day-48334|title=Tribals block steel city Rourkela for a day|website=DownToEarth.org.in|access-date=13 July 2017}}</ref> "C R Bijoy of Campaign for Survival and Dignity, a non-profit in Delhi, says state governments are upgrading the panchayati areas within the scheduled area into municipal areas and are taking the areas out of the purview of PESA provisions, which mandate village council’s approval for setting up any project. Worse, they are doing so without providing alternative protective provisions to the municipal areas. This is creating legal infirmity, Bijoy adds. As per the 1991 census, there were 167 urban local bodies in Schedule Five areas. Their number has increased since. Between 2007 and 2009, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh upgraded 26 and eight tribal rural areas into municipalities, and these are the areas with major industrial investment proposals. Alok Pandey of PRIA, a Delhi-based non-profit that works on local governance, cites another reason for such upgrade. Before the general election of 2009, the Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh governments upgraded 79 and 100 panchayats, respectively. A major reason behind this is to get more Central allocations from the Ministry of Urban Development."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/who-dropped-mesa-41200|title=Who dropped MESA?|work=downtoearth.org.in}}</ref>

==Home Ministry and PESA in context of LWE states==

The Home Ministry has stated repeatedly that the implementation of PESA in letter and spirit is very necessary for countering Naxal violence in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected States in Scheduled Areas. The Ministry suggests special stress on minor forest produce rights to Gram Sabhas for this purpose.<ref>http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PESAAct1996.pdf {{Dead link|date=March 2022|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/naxal_new|title=Left Wing Extremism Division -|work=mha.nic.in}}</ref> In an answer in the Parliament to a related question on PESA the MoS Home Affairs suggested that good governance and proper functioning of PRI institutions and PESA was central to the strategy to combat LWE violence in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mha1.nic.in/par2013/par2015-pdfs/ls-280415/5525.pdf |title=Lok Sabha |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-date=22 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922225109/http://mha1.nic.in/par2013/par2015-pdfs/ls-280415/5525.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Celebrations ==
Every year, 24 December is observed as Gaon Ganrajya Divas, also referred to as Gram Sabha Divas or PESA Act Day, in the Indian states of [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-23 |title=Observe Dec 24 as PESA Act day, says tribal leader |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/observe-dec-24-as-pesa-act-day-says-tribal-leader/articleshow/50296866.cms |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Local self-government in India]]
* [[List of Indian federal legislation]]
* [https://fullform4u.com/pesa-act-full-form-in-hindi-pesa/ PESA Full Form]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070329082726/http://panchayat.nic.in/ Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India]
* [http://rural.nic.in/ Panchayati Raj]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440944/panchayat See the entry on Panchayat in Encyclopædia Britannica]

{{Local government in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Local government in India]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1996]]

Navi Mumbai

2026-03-28T18:56:50Z

Meet: refine references for consistency

{{Short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Distinguish|Mumbai (Bombay)|Third Mumbai}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Navi Mumbai
| native_name = ''Navī Muṁbaī'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]])
| other_name = Previously: New Bombay
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = Vashi_Skyline.jpg
| caption1 = [[Navi Mumbai]] skyline
| image2 = Dronagiri night skyline.jpg
| caption2 = [[Dronagiri]] skyline
| image3 = Utsav Chauk, Kharghar Navi Mumbai.jpg
| caption3 = Utsav Chauk
| image4 = Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT).jpg
| caption4 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]]
| image5 = Vashi Railway Station.jpg
| caption5 = Vashi Railway Station
| image6 = Navi Mumbai Municipality Corporation.jpeg
| caption6 = [[NMMC]] headquarter
| image7 = Uran Nagav beach.jpg
|caption7 = [[Uran]] Nagav beach
| image8 = Central Park, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.jpg
| caption8 = [[Central Park, Kharghar]]
| image9 = Pandavkada-Watefall4.jpg
| caption9 = [[Pandavkada Falls]]
| image10 = Wonders Park, Navi Mumbai.jpg
| caption10 = Wonders Park
| image11 = Rajiv Gandhi Park, Navi Mumbai Photo 1.jpg
| caption11 = Rajiv Gandhi Park
| image12 = Palm_Beach_Road,_Belapur,_Navi_Mumbai.jpg
| caption12 = Skyline across [[Seawoods]] [[Palm Beach Road]]
}}
| image_alt = Mumbai
| map_alt = Mumbai
| map_caption = Navi Mumbai
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India#India Mumbai
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_relief = y
| pushpin_map_alt = Mumbai
| coordinates = {{coord|19.02|N|73.02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Maharashtra|Division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan division|Konkan]]
| subdivision_name3 = {{plainlist|
*[[Thane district]]
*[[Raigad district]]
}}
| established_title = Planned and Developed by
| established_date = [[City and Industrial Development Corporation]] 
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| elevation_m = 14
| population_total = 1,618,000
| population_demonym = Navi Mumbaikar
| registration_plate = MH-43 ([[Thane district]]) MH-46 ([[Raigad district]])
| blank_name_sec1 = [[International Airport]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Transit system|Transit]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = '''[[Rapid Transit]]''': [[Navi Mumbai Metro]] '''[[Commuter rail]]''': [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]]
| image_shield =
| governing_body = {{plainlist|
*[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]] 109.59Sqkm ([[Thane district]])
*[[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] 110 Sqkm ([[Raigad district]])
*[[CIDCO]] 233.7 Sqkm ([[Raigad district]])
}}
| nickname = Flamingo City
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 343.70
}}

'''Navi Mumbai''' ({{IPA|mr|nəʋiː mumbəi|lang}}; also known as '''New Bombay''',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DYZwpHuqvUC&q=new+Bombay+planning | title=Bombay, New Bombay, and Metropolitan Region: Growth Process and Planning Lessons | last1=Verma | first1=Harnam Singh | date=5 January 1985 | access-date=5 January 2024 | archive-date=22 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922035622/https://books.google.com/books?id=3DYZwpHuqvUC&q=new+Bombay+planning#v=snippet&q=new%20Bombay%20planning&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref> its official name until 1995) is a city in the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Area]], located in the [[Konkan division]] of the western [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. Navi Mumbai is situated on the Indian mainland, opposite [[Salsette Island]] and the city of [[Mumbai]], and is part of [[Thane district]] and Raigad district.

The area within the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation has been ranked third among 73 cities surveyed for cleanliness and hygiene by the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Union Ministry of Urban Development]] and the [[Quality Council of India]] as part of [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]], and is being modified through various projects and developments. Navi Mumbai has, for two consecutive years (2022 and 2023), held on to the third rank in the Indian Commonwealth Cleanliness Survey (Swachh Survekshan) — a nationwide sanitation survey of cities — while Mumbai's ranking slipped to 37 in 2023 from 31 in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=136427|title=Swachh Survekshan −2016 – ranks of 73 cities|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220130401/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=136427|archive-date=20 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Navi Mumbai is home to various educational institutions. Several [[multinational corporation]]s have their head offices or branches across the city, making it an active business hub. [[Thane–Belapur Road]] and [[Palm Beach Marg|Palm Beach Road]] are major business attractions and upmarket residential areas.

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2024}}
In the late 1500s, the [[Janjira State|Siddis of Janjira]] built the [[Belapur Fort|Belapur Killa]], located atop a small hill near the mouth of the Panvel Creek. In 1682, the fort was captured by the Portuguese, who had managed to annex the regions controlled by the Siddis.

In 1733, the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], led by [[Chimaji Appa]], wrested control of the fort from the Portuguese. Appa had made a vow that if it were to be successfully recaptured from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]], he would place a garland of ''beli'' leaves in the nearby Amruthaishwar temple, and after the victory, the fort was christened as Belapur Fort. The Marathas ruled the area until 23 June 1817, when it was captured by Captain Charles Gray of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]. The British partially destroyed the fort under their policy of razing any Maratha stronghold in the area.

Navi Mumbai’s journey began in the early 1970s, when the Maharashtra government recognized the need for an alternative urban area to relieve the growing pressure on Mumbai, which was then struggling with issues like overcrowding, inadequate housing, and strained infrastructure.

== Planning and development ==
[[File:CIDCO Low Income Housing in navi Mumbai.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright|Low Income housing facilities in Navi Mumbai]]
[[File:Nerul Lake, Navi Mumbai Photo 2.jpg|alt=|thumb|Skyline of [[Nerul]], Navi Mumbai]]
[[File:Utsav Chauk, Kharghar Navi Mumbai.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Utsav Chowk]] at [[Kharghar]]]]

The population of [[Mumbai|Greater Mumbai]] doubled from three to nearly six million between 1951 and 1971. The population growth led to a deteriorating quality of life for many in the city.

The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act was passed in 1966, and the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|Bombay Metropolitan Region]] was created in June 1967 and finalized in 1970. The plan called for development, of a twin city across the harbour, on the mainland to the east.

Before Navi Mumbai was made Railway was linked to [[Panvel railway station]] with Diva in 1964, in 1966 it was extended to Apta via Rasayani, then in the 1980s to Roha and in phases was linked to the [[Konkan Railway]] by 1998, in 1990s Harbour line of Suburban Railway reached Navi Mumbai connecting Vashi, Nerul.

The Board recommended that the new metro-centre or Navi Mumbai as it is now called, be developed to accommodate a population of 2.1 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Evolution_NewBombay.aspx|title=CIDCO :: Evolution of Navi Mumbai|website=Cidco.maharashtra.gov.in|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171642/http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Evolution_NewBombay.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The planning of Navi Mumbai began in 1971 and involved leading architects and urban planners including [[Adi Kanga]], [[Charles Correa]], Shirish Patel, Pravina Mehta<ref name="mirror13">{{Cite web | title = Master class with Charles Correa | url = http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/Master-class-with-Charles-Correa/articleshow/20499060.cms | publisher = Mumbai Mirror | date = 9 June 2013 | access-date = 2 July 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130613211227/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/Master-class-with-Charles-Correa/articleshow/20499060.cms | archive-date = 13 June 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> and R. K. Jha.<ref>Mehta, H.: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Man-who-built-Navi-Mumbai-is-in-Gujarat/articleshow/5598045.cms Man who built Navi Mumbai is in Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202190157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-21/ahmedabad/28135807_1_gift-navi-mumbai-metro-rail-plan |date=2 February 2014 }} ''[[The Times of India]]'', 21 February 2010. Accessed 27 January 2014.</ref> The [[City and Industrial Development Corporation]] (CIDCO) was created as part of these efforts.

The area covered {{convert|150|km}} of the Konkan coast. Privately owned land consisting of 86 villages covering within the present limits of Navi Mumbai were acquired by the government of Maharashtra.<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Piu|title=Urban Villages in Globalized India: Degenerative Growth Processes in Navi Mumbai|journal=Inclusive|date=7 July 2014|url=http://theinclusive.org/urban-villages-in-globalized-india-degenerative-growth-processes-in-navi-mumbai|publisher=Journal of the Kolkata Centre for Contemporary Studies|issn=2278-9758|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026003616/http://theinclusive.org/urban-villages-in-globalized-india-degenerative-growth-processes-in-navi-mumbai|archive-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> Navi Mumbai covers the southern part of [[Thane taluka]] (from [[Thane District]]) and part of [[Panvel taluka|Panvel]] and [[Uran taluka]]s (from [[Raigad District]]).

CIDCO carved out 19 small nodes with a view towards facilitating comprehensive development. These nodes were named [[Airoli]], [[Ghansoli]], [[Kopar Khairane]], [[Vashi]], [[Turbhe]], [[Sanpada]], [[Juinagar]], [[Nerul]], [[Seawoods]], [[CBD Belapur]], [[Kharghar]], [[Kamothe]], [[New Panvel]], [[Kalamboli]], [[Ulwe]], [[Dronagiri]] and [[Taloje Panchnand|Taloja.]] [[Sanpada railway station|Sanpada]] is the smallest node of Navi Mumbai at 8.6 km2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NMMC |url=https://www.nmmc.gov.in/navimumbai/nmmc-draft-development-plan |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314034901/https://www.nmmc.gov.in/navimumbai/nmmc-draft-development-plan |url-status=live }}</ref>

CIDCO planned and constructed railway stations, roads, and public spaces in Navi Mumbai and developed nearby areas commercially. In 1973, the [[Vashi]] bridge was opened to the public for residents of [[Vashi]], [[CBD Belapur]] and [[Nerul]]. The Sion-Panvel Highway was built to reduce the time taken to travel from Sion to Panvel. Major changes took place only after 1990, with the commissioning of a wholesale agricultural produce market at Turbhe and the construction of a commuter railway line from Mankhurd to Vashi in May 1992. These developments caused a sudden growth in economic activities and population in Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.nmmc.gov.in/navimumbai/history1540201195 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.nmmc.gov.in/}}</ref>

The city originally planned to create affordable housing for people who could not afford living in Mumbai, with planners intent on preventing the growth of slums in the city. However, according to the 2001 census, a fifth<ref>{{cite web|title=Slum population-- 2001 Census|url=http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/Document_mumbai%20slum%20population031313112208.pdf|website=Visionmumbai.org|access-date=28 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912122651/http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/Document_mumbai%20slum%20population031313112208.pdf|archive-date=12 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Srivastav|first1=Amit|title=Slum-hub|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/city-news/slum-hub/article_71409|access-date=28 October 2015|work=Afternoon Despatch & Courier, Mumbai|date=15 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171943/http://www.afternoondc.in/city-news/slum-hub/article_71409|archive-date=10 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> to a third<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/navi-mumbai-was-charles-correas-dream-heres-how-it-turned-into-a-nightmare-2301976.html|last=Vijapurkar|first=Mahesh|date=18 June 2015|access-date=27 June 2015|title=Navi Mumbai was Charles Correa's dream: Here's how it turned into a nightmare|work=[[Firstpost]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621015234/http://www.firstpost.com/india/navi-mumbai-was-charles-correas-dream-heres-how-it-turned-into-a-nightmare-2301976.html|archive-date=21 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> of the population of municipalized Navi Mumbai live in slums
<ref>{{cite web|title=Slum and Non-Slum Population, Sex ratio and Literacy rate by City/ Towns, in Maharashtra State 2001|url=http://iipsenvis.nic.in/Database/Urbanization_4104.aspx|publisher=ENVIS Centre on Population and Environment (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India)|access-date=28 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109061030/http://iipsenvis.nic.in/Database/Urbanization_4104.aspx|archive-date=9 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and ''gaothans'' (urban villages),<ref name=Chatterjee/> with thousands of buildings violating planning norms.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhosale|first1=Arpika|title=23,000 illegal two-storey buildings in Navi Mumbai|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/23000-illegal-two-storey-buildings-in-navi-mumbai/|access-date=28 October 2015|work=Free Press Journal|date=12 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204064346/http://www.freepressjournal.in/23000-illegal-two-storey-buildings-in-navi-mumbai|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>

By the end of the 1990s, the planning authority of Navi Mumbai sought to attract private developers to the city. A new rail link between Nerul and Uran was opened on 11 November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-first-phase-of-nerul-seawoods-uran-rail-line-commissioned/articleshow/66578304.cms|title=uran rail line commissioned: Mumbai: First phase of Nerul-Seawoods-Uran rail line commissioned|date=11 November 2018|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=23 January 2020|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402160002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-first-phase-of-nerul-seawoods-uran-rail-line-commissioned/articleshow/66578304.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Southern Navi Mumbai is developing rapidly in the modern nodes of [[Kharghar]], [[Kamothe]], [[Panvel]], and [[Kalamboli]]. These nodes are experiencing major [[Infrastructure|infrastructural]] developments due to their proximity to the Navi Mumbai International Airport (Phase 1) started operations on 25th December 2025.<ref>{{Cite news
|title = Navi Mumbai International Airport begins operations: 48 flights, 4k passengers on day one; first IndiGo flight lands from Bengaluru
|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/navi-mumbai-international-airport-begins-operations-48-flights-4k-passengers-on-day-one-first-indigo-flight-lands-from-bengaluru/articleshow/126175619.cms
|work = The Times of India
|date = 26 December 2025
|access-date = 17 January 2026
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
|date = 9 October 2025
|title = Navi Mumbai airport inauguration: First flight from NMIA expected around Christmas
|work = Mid-Day
|url = https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/navi-mumbai-airport-inauguration-first-flight-from-nmia-expected-around-christmas-23597847
|language = en-GB
}}</ref>

Navi Mumbai has, been ranked 5th best “National Clean Air City” in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=21 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Flora and fauna ==
A significant percentage of [[flamingo]]s that settle in the Greater Mumbai Region are found in Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohta |first=Payal |date=26 March 2019 |title='A double-edged sword': Mumbai pollution 'perfect' for flamingos |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/mar/26/a-double-edged-sword-mumbai-pollution-perfect-for-flamingos |access-date=28 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922035622/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/mar/26/a-double-edged-sword-mumbai-pollution-perfect-for-flamingos |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 May 2020 |title=Over 100,000 Flamingos Reportedly Descend on Mumbai Amid India's Strict Coronavirus Lockdown |url=https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922035622/https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Flamingos turn Mumbai lakes into 'sea of pink' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-56250443 |access-date=28 March 2023 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142018/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-56250443 |url-status=live }}</ref> Navi Mumbai also contains a stretch of [[mangrove]]s.

==Administration==
===CIDCO===
The [[City and Industrial Development Corporation]] (CIDCO) was responsible for maintenance, tax collection, and development of the city since its inception in the 1970s.

CIDCO planned 14 areas for the city.<ref name="CIDCO_DP">{{cite web |title=Development Plan |website=CIDCO |date=19 December 2017 |url=https://cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/navi_mumbai#developmentplans&gsc.tab=0 |access-date=12 March 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410192058/https://cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/navi_mumbai#developmentplans&gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The seven areas in the North were [[Airoli|Airoli node]], [[Ghansoli|Ghansoli node]], [[Kopar Khairane|Kopar Khairane node]], [[Vashi|Vashi node]], [[Sanpada|Sanpada node]], [[Nerul|Nerul node]] and [[CBD Belapur|Belapur node]]. The seven areas in the South were [[Kharghar|Kharghar node]], [[Kamothe|Kamothe node]], [[Kalamboli|Kalamboli node]], Pushpak Nagar node, [[New Panvel|Panvel node]], [[Ulwe|Ulwe node]] and [[Dronagiri|Dronagiri node]]. Two additional municipal bodies were created, [[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation|Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC)]] in the North and [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] in the South. Each area is divided into smaller groups called sectors.

CIDCO initially developed areas like Juhu Nagar (Vashi), Nerul, and CBD Belapur with homes, schools, and roads. Later, due to a growing population with the railway extension in the 1990s, CIDCO shifted focus to Kharghar, Kamothe, New Panvel and Kopar Khairane. Private builders played a large role in developing these areas. CIDCO, as of 2015, runs newer areas in South Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{citation |title=CIDCO announces Rs 34,000-crore smart city project |date=3 December 2015 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/business/cidco-announces-rs-34000crore-smart-city-project/article7943833.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 December 2015 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124152519/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/business/cidco-announces-rs-34000crore-smart-city-project/article7943833.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |author=BS Reporter |title=Cidco launches Navi Mumbai smart city project |date=5 December 2015 |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cidco-launches-navi-mumbai-smart-city-project-115120400839_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124736/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cidco-launches-navi-mumbai-smart-city-project-115120400839_1.html |url-status=live |location=Mumbai |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Buildings along the Palm Beach Road.JPG|thumb|left|Skyline across [[Palm Beach Road]]]]

===Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation===

On 17 December 1991, [[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]] (NMMC) was constituted by the state government for maintaining some of the developed nodes of Navi Mumbai.

Local self-government started on 1 January 1992. NMMC was handed seven of the 14 nodes of the Navi Mumbai project area for its jurisdiction. However, [[CIDCO]], as a planning authority, has rights on the open plots in these seven nodes.

The NMMC jurisdiction starts at Digha Gaon in the North and ends at Belapur in the South.<ref name="NMMC_Ward">{{cite web |title=Zoning |website=NMMC |url=https://www.nmmc.gov.in/zoning |access-date=12 March 2021 |archive-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002154213/https://www.nmmc.gov.in/zoning |url-status=live }}</ref> The NMMC area is planned into seven nodes (zones) - [[CBD Belapur|Belapur]], [[Nerul]], [[Sanpada]], [[Vashi]], [[Kopar Khairane]], [[Ghansoli]] and [[Airoli]].
[[File:Navi Mumbai Municipality Corporation.jpeg|alt=|thumb|NMMC Main Building, [[CBD Belapur]]]]
Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation is rated amongst the richest corporations in Maharashtra.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

The Municipal Corporation is headed by a Municipal Commissioner and an elected Mayor.

=== Municipal finance ===

According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/navi-mumbai |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹2,497 crore (US$300 million) and total expenditure of ₹1,991 crore (US$240 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 76.0% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹3 crore in grants during the financial year.
*
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Navi Mumbai City (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/368-navi-mumbai.html|title=Navi Mumbai Population 2011|website=Census 2011|access-date=21 June 2023|archive-date=21 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621093834/https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/368-navi-mumbai.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|80.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|8.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|mediumblue|6.23}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|0.99}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.36}}
}}

According to Census India, the population of Navi Mumbai in 2011 is 1,120,547, out of which males and females are 610,060 and 510,487 respectively. Meanwhile, its metropolitan population is 18,414,288, of which 9,894,088 are males and 8,520,200 are females. At least 60% of the population speaks the [[Marathi language]].

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Language in Navi Mumbai M. Corp (2011)<ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 61.66 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 23.21 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value3 = 3.81 |color3 = skyblue
|label4 = [[Malayalam]] |value4 = 2.58 |color4 = cornflowerblue
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 2.46 |color5 = green
|label6 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value6 = 2.21 |color6 = gold
|label7 = [[Kannada]] |value7 = 2.21 |color7 = darkslateblue
|label8 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value8 = 2.04 |color8 = royalblue
|label9 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value9 = 2.02 |color9 = orchid
|label10 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value10 = 1.67 |color10 = pink
|label11 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value11 = 1.64 |color11 = steelblue
|label12 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value12 = 1.24 |color12 = maroon
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey
}}

==Transport and infrastructure==
[[File:IndianRailwaysDEMU.jpg|alt=|thumb|DEMU train at Panvel, Navi Mumbai]]
[[File:Belapur Rly Stn.jpg|alt=|thumb|Belapur Railway Station]]
[[File:Vashi railway station aerial view, 2016.JPG|alt=|thumb|Vashi station complex]]
Navi Mumbai has a robust infrastructure, is well connected to other parts of the state and country and is less polluted compared to Mumbai. The city has a good public transportation system with [[Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport|NMMT]], the transport wing of NMMC, serving bus commuters, the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Mumbai suburban railway]] serving train commuters and a large fleet of [[auto rickshaw]]s for intra-nodal commute. The [[Mumbai-Pune Expressway]] starts at [[Kalamboli]] in Navi Mumbai. The [[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link]] (MTHL), also known as the Sewri-Nhava Sheva Trans Harbour Link, is a {{convert|22|km|adj=on}} long freeway grade road bridge connecting [[South Mumbai]] with Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link May Be Ready Before 2022 Deadline, Says Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-may-be-ready-before-2022-deadline-says-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray|work=[[BloombergQuint]]|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922035738/https://www.ndtvprofit.com/politics/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-may-be-ready-before-2022-deadline-says-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray|url-status=live}}</ref> It opened on 12 January 2024, after Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the bridge.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-photos-videos-cost-mthl-traffic-rules-mumbai-police-2487221-2024-01-11 | title=Speed limit 100 km/Hr, no bikes and autos: All about India's longest sea bridge | date=11 January 2024 | access-date=13 January 2024 | archive-date=12 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112071751/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-photos-videos-cost-mthl-traffic-rules-mumbai-police-2487221-2024-01-11 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atal-setu-indias-longest-bridge-news-pm-modi-inaugurate-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mthl-today-11705023137497.html | title=Atal Setu news: PM Modi to inaugurate Mumbai Trans Harbour Link today | date=12 January 2024 | access-date=13 January 2024 | archive-date=12 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112071719/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atal-setu-indias-longest-bridge-news-pm-modi-inaugurate-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mthl-today-11705023137497.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Mumbai suburban railway]] network covers most of the populated regions of the city. The most important suburban stations are Vashi, Nerul, Belapur and Panvel. The stations are planned as major railway junctions. [[Panvel railway station|Panvel]] is the only mainline station as well as the busiest railway station in Navi Mumbai. All outstation trains halt here for time periods varying from five to 20 minutes. It is an important junction; railway lines come and meet here and it is connected to almost all parts of India. A new broad gauge line is functional between [[Karjat]] & [[Panvel]].

[[Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] (BEST) buses run from various area of Mumbai to Navi Mumbai & [[Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport]] (NMMT) buses run all over Navi Mumbai and various area in Mumbai, Thane, Bhiwandi, Kalyan-Dombivli-Badlapur, Panvel-Khopoli-Taloja, Uran-Ulwe etc. The [[Palm Beach Marg]], a {{convert|10|km|adj=on}} long six lane road connects Vashi to CBD Belapur running parallel to the [[Thane Creek]].

Auto rickshaws provide inter- and intra-nodal public transport across the city. Taxis operating from designated taxi stands provide the means to travel to further destinations. Taxis charge a fixed rate approved by the R. T. O., details of which can be found on popular local transit apps of the city.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kamal|first1=Hassan|title=Good news for the daily commuter|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mobile-app-good-news-for-the-daily-commuter/16327184|website=Mid-day.com|date=29 June 2015 |publisher=Mid-Day|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802052915/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mobile-app-good-news-for-the-daily-commuter/16327184|archive-date=2 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Navi Mumbai has the second-largest [[container terminal]] in India after [[Mundra Port]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]] at [[Nhava Sheva]] near [[Uran]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.joc.com/port-news/asian-ports/port-nhava-sheva/india’s-major-ports-see-67-percent-growth-container-volumes_20150407.html | title = India's major ports see 6.7 percent growth in container volumes | publisher = JOC.com. | date = 7 April 2010 | access-date = 27 June 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150507235822/http://www.joc.com/port-news/asian-ports/port-nhava-sheva/india%E2%80%99s-major-ports-see-67-percent-growth-container-volumes_20150407.html | archive-date = 7 May 2015 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It is well connected by road and rail and handles approximately 56.13% of India's container traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/JNPT%E2%80%99s-12-lane-freight-corridor-to-ease-traffic-snarls-around-Mumbai/article16961041.ece|title=JNPT's 12-lane freight corridor to ease traffic snarls around Mumbai|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 February 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230153617/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/JNPT%E2%80%99s-12-lane-freight-corridor-to-ease-traffic-snarls-around-Mumbai/article16961041.ece|archive-date=30 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jnport.gov.in/JNPCT.aspx|title=JNPT|website=Jnport.gov.in|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801190007/http://www.jnport.gov.in/JNPCT.aspx|archive-date=1 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The city will be served by the newly inaugurated [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]].

===Airports ===
{{Main|Navi Mumbai International Airport}}

The Navi Mumbai International Airport is located in southern Panvel near [[Ulwe]].
The {{INRConvert|16700|c}} project was executed by Navi Mumbai International Airport Limited (NMIAL), a special-purpose vehicle formed by the [[Adani Group|Adani Airports Holdings Limited]] and CIDCO.<ref name="about us">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.nmiairport.co.in/About-Us |website=Navi Mumbai International Airport Pvt. Ltd. |publisher=Adani Group |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> It is being built in three phases. The first phase, now complete, features Terminal 1, designed to handle 20 million passengers annually.<ref>{{cite web |title= PM Modi to inaugurate Phase 1 of Navi Mumbai airport on Oct 8: Details |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-navi-mumbai-international-airport-inauguration-125100700639_1.html | date=7 October 2025}}</ref> The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for the project was laid by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 18 February 2018, and construction was started in August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of Rs 16,700 cr Navi Mumbai International Airport project|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation/narendra-modi-live-pm-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-16700-cr-navi-mumbai-international-airport-project/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation/narendra-modi-live-pm-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-16700-cr-navi-mumbai-international-airport-project/1070430//|work=The Financial Express|date=18 February 2018|access-date=11 May 2024|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922035626/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation/narendra-modi-live-pm-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-16700-cr-navi-mumbai-international-airport-project/1070430/|url-status=live}}</ref> Phase 1 was inaugurated on 8 October 2025 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and flights commenced on 25 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 2025 |title=Navi Mumbai airport to see international flights from day 1 of ops |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/reviews/business-economy/navi-mumbai-airport-to-see-international-flights-from-day-1-of-ops/article70132035.ece |access-date=6 October 2025 |work=The Hindu Businessline |language=en}}</ref> NMIA is set to become the first airport in the country with multimodal connectivity through metro, rail and road. The airport will be connected to three roads: NH 4B (348), the [[Sion Panvel Highway]] and through [[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link|MTHL]]. The railway connection will be through [[Targhar railway station]], and metro connectivity will be via [[Mumbai Metro]] [[Gold Line (Mumbai Metro)|Line 8 (Gold Line)]] and the [[Navi Mumbai Metro]] [[Line 1 (Navi Mumbai Metro)|Line 1]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Navi Mumbai Airport to be India's first with multimodal connectivity: Scindia |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/navi-mumbai-airport-to-be-india-s-first-with-multimodal-connectivity-scindia-101705174042700.html |work=The Hindustan Times |date=14 January 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512144246/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/navi-mumbai-airport-to-be-india-s-first-with-multimodal-connectivity-scindia-101705174042700.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Another major airport serving Navi Mumbai is the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] in Mumbai, which is the main Airport with International connections around the world.

===Metro===
{{Main|Navi Mumbai Metro}}

The [[Navi Mumbai Metro]] is a new [[rapid transit]] system serving the city. A network of as many as five lines has been planned, of which four lines will be constructed by CIDCO in the Navi Mumbai south region, while the second and third lines of the metro system will be constructed by NMMC and [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|MMRDA]], respectively.<ref name="CIDCO">{{cite web|url=http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NMM_Introduction.aspx|title=Introduction|publisher=CIDCO|year=2012|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234611/http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NMM_Introduction.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Line 1 (Navi Mumbai Metro)|first line]] of the metro system was completed by CIDCO and was opened to the public on 17 November 2023, after several delays spanning for around a decade due to various construction and land acquisition issues. This line includes three phases. In the first phase, the line joins the [[CBD Belapur railway station|CBD Belapur]] station on the [[Mumbai suburban railway]] and Pendhar village.<ref>{{cite news|last=Assainar|first=Raina|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/residents-miffed-as-navi-mumbai-metro-awaits-inauguration-101698235551145.html|title=Residents miffed as Navi Mumbai Metro awaits inauguration|work=Hindustan Times|date=25 October 2023|access-date=18 November 2023|language=en|archive-date=11 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111050126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/residents-miffed-as-navi-mumbai-metro-awaits-inauguration-101698235551145.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ganapatye|first=Mayuresh|title=Navi Mumbai Metro Starts Today After 12-Year Wait, First Service at 3pm from Pendhar-Belapur Terminal|url=https://www.news18.com/india/navi-mumbai-metro-starts-today-belapur-to-pendhar-after-12-year-wait-service-begins-8665637.html|work=News18|date=17 November 2023|access-date=18 November 2023|language=en|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120044929/https://www.news18.com/india/navi-mumbai-metro-starts-today-belapur-to-pendhar-after-12-year-wait-service-begins-8665637.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the second phase, the line will join Taloja [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation|MIDC]] and [[Khandeshwar]] node (which will be extended to the newly inaugurated [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]] in [[Ulwe]] node of the city), and in the third phase, the line will link the Pendhar and Taloja MIDC metro stations. The cost of the metro project has risen from 4,163 crore for 21.45 km in 2011 to 8,904 crore for 26.26 km in 2018.<ref name="CIDCO"/>

==Commerce==
The Navi Mumbai Special Economic Zone (SEZ), located in the nodes of Dronagiri, Ulwe and Kalamboli, are planned to provide commercial growth and employment to the city. Positioned en route to the proposed Navi Mumbai Airport, this megaproject has attracted investments of close to 60,000 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-01 |title=Navi Mumbai SEZ to start operations in 2019 |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/mNIrujnpLFQanAnuHN0xXN/Navi-Mumbai-SEZ-to-start-operations-in-2019.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.livemint.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=State allows foreign educational institutions to set up campuses in Navi Mumbai SEZ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/state-allows-foreign-educational-institutions-to-set-up-campuses-in-navi-mumbai-sez-101675194046372.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.hindustantimes.com/}}</ref> Navi Mumbai is a new hub for newly incorporated companies & start ups to establish their base in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newcompaniesindia.in/new-companies-navi-mumbai?Cid=goay |title=New| upcoming Companies in Navi Mumbai List |access-date=1 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605072623/http://newcompaniesindia.in/new-companies-navi-mumbai?Cid=goay |archive-date=5 June 2014 }}</ref>

==Sport==
[[File:DR. D Y PATIL STADIUM, NERUL, NAVIMUMBAI - panoramio.jpg|alt=|thumb|Cricket Stadium in Nerul]]
[[File:D Y Patil Sports Stadium.jpg|thumb|The DY Patil International Stadium in [[Nerul]]]]
[[Cricket]] is the most popular sport in the city. Navi Mumbai has its own International Cricket Stadium in Shiravne ([[Nerul]]) called the [[DY Patil Stadium]] which hosts [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] T-20 matches, including hosting the [[2008 Indian Premier League|2008]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Somini |date=7 May 2008 |title=Bright Lights and Big Money in India's New Cricket League |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/sports/othersports/07cricket.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142017/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/sports/othersports/07cricket.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]] IPL finals. It was one of the two venues for the inaugural edition of the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] (WPL) in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2023 |title=Mumbai Indians, Gujarat Giants to kick off WPL 2023 in Navi Mumbai on March 4 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mumbai-indians-gujarat-giants-to-kick-off-wpl-2023-in-navi-mumbai-on-march-4-1358901 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403200536/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mumbai-indians-gujarat-giants-to-kick-off-wpl-2023-in-navi-mumbai-on-march-4-1358901 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> It is also the home ground for the [[Indian Super League]] [[association football|football]] club [[Mumbai City FC]]. The [[Fr. Agnel Stadium]] in [[Vashi]] is the training ground of the team.<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-24 |title=City school football team bags hat-trick at annual tournament, wins in all categories |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/city-school-football-team-wins-hat-trick-at-annual-tournament/articleshow/106242790.cms |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Navi Mumbai was one of the host cities of the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup|2017 FIFA U-17 Men's World Cup]] and the [[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]] with the DY Patil Stadium hosting the final of the event in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=Navi Mumbai transforms from educational hub to football bastion for FIFA U-17 World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/navi-mum-transforms-from-educational-hub-to-football-bastion-for-fifa-under-17-world-cup/articleshow/60771123.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403202335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/navi-mum-transforms-from-educational-hub-to-football-bastion-for-fifa-under-17-world-cup/articleshow/60771123.cms |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2022: Navi Mumbai to host final, India to play group stage in Bhubaneswar |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/4686496/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-2022-navi-mumbai-host-final-india-group-stage-bhubaneswar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403202759/https://www.espn.in/football/story/4686496/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-2022-navi-mumbai-host-final-india-group-stage-bhubaneswar |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=ESPN}}</ref>

Navi Mumbai Sports Association<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gajaria |first=Vishal |title=India to host another ITF event |work=Tennis World USA |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/15034/india-to-host-another-itf-event/ |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415082123/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/15034/india-to-host-another-itf-event/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is the oldest sports complex in Navi Mumbai; NMSA has contributed significantly to the sports world by creating international level athletes from Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has an Olympic-size swimming pool at [[Nerul]]. CIDCO has proposed two 18-hole golf course academies at [[Nerul]] and [[Kharghar]]. There are plans to have sports facilities in the proposed 80 hectare Central Park being developed in Kharghar. The CIDCO has also constructed an 11-hole golf course in [[Kharghar]] near Central Park.<ref name="The Times of India"/>

==Education==
{{main|Schools and Colleges in Navi Mumbai}}

Provision of schools and colleges was a priority in the planning of Navi Mumbai. The nodes (townships) were designed to provide one primary school per 5,000 people, one high school for 12,500 people and one college for 50,000 people.

Each of the nodes is self-sufficient in terms of providing quality education. Students are given access to various syllabi, including the State Education Board, CBSE, IGCSE, IB and CISCE patterns. Other than these, CIDCO encouraged private institutions as well.

About 22.5% of the total population is considered to be school-going children. Most students attend school and college within their node (township). 76% of the students walk to their school or college, 12% use public transport, 10% use bicycles and only 2% travel by school bus.

A number of premier schools and colleges have been set up in Navi Mumbai. Even beyond local students, students from Mumbai and even outside come to Navi Mumbai in their quest for quality education. As such, Navi Mumbai is quickly acquiring the title of educational hub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Educational_Infrastructure.aspx|title=CIDCO :: Educational Infrastructure|website=Cidco.maharashtra.gov.in|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171259/http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Educational_Infrastructure.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of these premium institutions have been listed below.

===Colleges and universities===


{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Amity University, Mumbai|Amity University]]
*[[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University]]
*[[Mahatma Education Society|Dr.K M Vasudevan Pillai Campus]]
*[[Indian Maritime University Navi Mumbai]]
*[[ITM Group of Institutions]]
*[[National Institute of Fashion Technology|NIFT Mumbai]]
{{div col end}}

===Engineering colleges===


{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology|Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi]]
*[[Datta Meghe College of Engineering|Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli]]
*[[Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering|Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering, Belapur]]
*[[Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering|Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Koparkhairane]]
*[[Pillai College of Engineering (Autonomous)|Pillai College of Engineering, New Panvel]]
*[[Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology|Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, Nerul]]
*[[SIES Graduate School of Technology|SIES Graduate School of Technology, Nerul]]
{{div col end}}

===Medical colleges===


{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Bharati Vidyapeeth|Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Kharghar]]
*[[MGM Institute of Health Sciences|MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kalamboli]]
*[[Terna Medical College|Terna Medical College, Nerul]]
{{div col end}}

===Schools===


{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Avalon Heights International School]]
*[[Fr. Agnel Multipurpose School and Junior College]], [[Vashi]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline}}
*[https://www.nmmconline.com Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation] Accessed 11 October 2012.
*[http://www.nmsez.com/index.html Navi Mumbai Special Economic Zone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230100533/http://www.nmsez.com/index.html |date=30 December 2012 }}
*[http://www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/Home.aspx CIDCO – City and Industrial Development Corporation] Accessed 29 June 2013.
*[https://www.tahelkapost.com/2021/05/NAVI-MUMBAI-METRO-TRAIN%20.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002145707/https://www.tahelkapost.com/2021/05/NAVI-MUMBAI-METRO-TRAIN%20.html |date=2 October 2021 }} Navi Mumbai metro train trial
*[https://mparivahan.net/maharashtra/mumbai-central-mh55 Navi Mumbai RTO Code]

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[[Category:Navi Mumbai| ]]
[[Category:1970s establishments in Maharashtra]]
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1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout

2026-03-25T08:18:56Z

Meet: Info

{{Short description|1991 shootout between police and gangsters in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 16 November 1991
| place = [[Lokhandwala Complex]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| result = Bombay Police victory All gangsters killed by police
| combatant1 = [[Mumbai Police|Bombay Police]] [[Anti-Terrorism Squad]] (ATS)
| combatant2 = [[D-Company]]
| commander1 = [[Additional Commissioner of Police|ACP]] [[Aftab Ahmed Khan]]
| commander2 = [[Maya Dolas]] {{KIA}} [[Dilip Buwa]] {{KIA}}
| strength1 = 80 to 100 armed policemen (including [[Anti-Terrorism Squad|ATS]] officers)
Up to 500 policemen total
| strength2 = 7 gangsters
| casualties1 = 24 police officers wounded
| casualties2 = '''Gangsters:''' All 7 killed
}}
{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}

The '''1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout''' was a [[shootout]] that occurred on 16 November 1991 at the [[Lokhandwala Complex]] in [[Mumbai]], India, between seven gangsters led by [[Maya Dolas]] and members of the [[Mumbai Police|Bombay Police]] and the [[Anti-Terrorism Squad]] (ATS) led by then-[[Additional Commissioner of Police]] [[Aftab Ahmed Khan]]. The four-hour shootout was dubbed [[India]]'s "[[encounter killing|first daylight encounter]]" and was videographed and conducted in full view of the public.<ref name="Rajan"/><ref name="Buwa"/><ref name=indexp/> It ended with the deaths of all seven gangsters.

==Background==
[[Image:MayaDolas.PNG|right|thumb|[[Maya Dolas]]'s mugshot. It was crossed with an "X" after his death, signifying that he was eliminated.]]
From the early 1960s to late 1970s, criminal enterprises in Bombay were dominated by syndicates controlled by [[Haji Mastan]], [[Karim Lala]], and [[Varadarajan Mudaliar|Varadrajan Mudaliar]]. In the early 1980s, criminal violence in Mumbai grew as their influence declined. Karim Lala's Pathan Gang, then led by his nephew Samad Khan underwent a brutal gang war with a criminal group led by [[Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar]], who was backed by the police in an effort to bring down the then larger Pathan Gang. Shabir Ibrahim was assassinated on February 12, 1981, by [[Manya Surve]], and his brother Dawood took command, leading to a gradual escalation of violence throughout the 1980s as the latter systematically eliminated his rivals.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

By the late 1980s, Bombay's crime world was under the firm control of what became [[D-Company]], headed by [[Dawood Ibrahim]]. From his base in [[Dubai]], Ibrahim controlled underworld activities through his various lieutenants. Among the most prominent was [[Maya Dolas|Mahindra Dolas]], a [[gangster]] who was known more popularly by his nickname ''Maya''. Dolas had got his start running several successful extortion rackets for the [[Mafia raj|criminal-politician]], Ashok Joshi's gang at [[Kanjurmarg]]. On 3 December 1988, Joshi was killed at the [[Mumbai|Bombay]]-[[Pune]] road near [[Panvel]] by a 15-man [[hitman|hit squad]] led by [[Chhota Rajan]] at Ibrahim's orders.<ref name=Dawood/>

After Joshi's murder, Dolas left the Ashok Joshi gang, and formed his own gang. He then convinced Joshi gang sharpshooter [[Dilip Buwa]] to switch sides and together on 17 September 1989, they led a stealth attack against the Joshi gang in Kanjurmarg, in which five people were killed. This followed a failed attempt the previous year prior to Joshis death.<ref name=Dawood>{{Cite news |last=Dey |first=J. |date=August 3, 2003 |title=How Dawood killed Ashok Joshi |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=59476 |work=Express India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222235323/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=59476 |archive-date=2010-12-22}}</ref> This brought them into favour with Ibrahim, who was gunning for the Joshi gang after the killing of his pointman Satish Raje.<ref name="D'Souza">{{cite news
|title = Stealth attack in September
|author = J. Dey, Mumbai
|publisher = [[Indian Express]]
|url = http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=73009
|date = 11 January 2004
|access-date = 23 May 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223134850/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=73009
|archive-date = 23 December 2010
|url-status=dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> Dolas and Buwa soon began a steady rise within the ranks of the D-Company.<ref name="D'Souza" /> They also conducted extortion activities on Ibrahim's behalf. However, they were also wanted by the police, with active arrest warrants for them. Dolas had in fact escaped from prison a few years prior to the shootout.<ref name="Nagpur" />

==Shootout==
According to the former [[Additional Commissioner of Police]] [[Aftab Ahmed Khan|A. A. Khan]], the [[Anti-Terrorism Squad]] received a tip-off from an [[informant]] that Dolas and his gang were hiding in the A wing, flats no. 002 and 003 in the Swati building at the [[Lokhandwala Complex]], an upper middle class residential complex in suburban Mumbai. The informant reported that they were armed and were waiting for a few builders who would be coming in the evening. The apartment in which they were hiding belonged to [[Gopal Rajwani]], a fugitive from [[Ulhasnagar]] and an associate of Ibrahim.<ref name="Buwa">{{cite news
|title = 450 rounds were fired...like bullets were doing the talking
|url = http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=237186
|publisher = [[Indian Express]]
|date = 20 May 2007
|access-date = 1 June 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070603154021/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=237186
|archive-date = 3 June 2007
|url-status=dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> The ATS formed three teams for the task of arresting the fugitives and taking them into custody: one was for [[reconnaissance]], while the other two cordoned off the area.<ref name="Buwa"/> The D Company hitmen present in the flat were Dolas, Buwa, Anil Pawar, Ashok Nadkarni, Gopal Pujari, Anil Khubchandani, and Vijay Chakur. The group was armed with two [[Kalashnikov rifle]]s, three other automatic weapons (an [[FN FAL|SLR]], a 9mm submachine gun, and either another SLR or 9mm), an [[Improvised firearm|improvised]] revolver, and an [[M1911 pistol]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Parmar |first=Baljeet |date=Nov 19, 2013 |title=Shootout at Lokhandwala: The untold story |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-shootout-at-lokhandwala-the-untold-story-1098162 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Tejpal |first=Minty |date=Nov 1991 |title=Newstrack December 1991 Edition |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkP-KVmxRs0&t=9s |work=Newstrack}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2007-05-25 |title=A hero's tryst with his reel image |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/a-heros-tryst-with-his-reel-image/articleshow/2072899.cms |access-date=2025-01-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

What happened next is subject to dispute and controversy. According to the official police version, Inspector M. I. Qavi arrived at the gate and spotted Rajwani, who did not recognize Qavi or the other officers due to their [[Covert operation|plainclothes]], but did not arrest him to avoid detection. ATS officers Sunil Deshmukh, Z. M. Gharal Bhanupratap Bharge, and Qavi, along with Inspector Ambadas Pote and two constables, entered the ground-floor flat where the seven gangsters were watching television. The ATS officers were armed with two [[Sterling submachine gun]]s and a Kalashnikov. When they burst into the flat around 1:30 pm, six of the gangsters, including Dolas, raised their arms in surprise.<ref name="Buwa"/>

According to Qavi, Buwa opened fire on the officers. Sub-Inspector Gharal, who was not wearing [[Bulletproof vest|body armour]], was shot in the chest twice, puncturing his lungs, while Qavi was shot in the elbow and Bharge was lightly wounded in the leg.<ref name="Buwa"/><ref name=":2" /> The others gangsters also joined Buwa in opening fire, while the officers fired back, killing two gangsters in the initial exchange. While the shooting stopped, the wounded officers could not be withdrawn and remained in place for nearly 40 minutes as A. A. Khan arrived with reinforcements.<ref name=":2" /> At around 2:00 pm, police again assaulted the flat and killed another gangster, but were driven back by gunfire.<ref name=":0" /> Buwa exited the flat and provided covering fire to the other gangsters. While the police officers came out from the front door, the gangsters escaped into the interiors using a second door that led to the stairs.<ref name="Buwa"/>

With the police [[Police standoff|besieging]] the complex, Khan, using a [[loudspeaker]], ordered all other residents to take cover and asked the gangsters to surrender. The gangsters proceeded to open fire again, prompting police to respond by firing approximately 450 rounds of ammunition back at them. By 2:45 pm, a crime branch team lead by ACP Gobse arrived, hoping to change tactics to [[crisis negotiation]], but Khan refused and intermittent gunfire continued.<ref name=":0" /> Around 3:20 pm, the gangsters began firing from the terrace of the building onto police officers below. Firing largely ceased by 4:30 pm, with a final burst of gunfire around 5:15 pm.<ref name=":1" /> At the end, all seven gangsters were killed, with the last gangster being shot down at the terrace of the Swati building.<ref name="Buwa"/> Although media coverage claimed Dolas was the main shooter, according to Khan, Dolas spent most of the incident shouting insults inside, while it was Buwa who was firing the most:<ref name="Buwa"/>{{blockquote|text="Dolas was just reckless and foul mouthed. Buwa was cold-blooded. Unlike Dolas: nothing could divert Buwa's attention when his fingers were on the trigger. He was a mentor to [[Chhota Rajan]]."}}Minty Tejpal, a reporter for the news and current affairs video magazine ''Newstrack'', captured the entire shootout live.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 1991 |title=Actual Shootout News Reel |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI0wX40g-xg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/AI0wX40g-xg |archive-date=2021-12-20 |access-date=21 September 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The shootout resulted in a great deal of controversy for the ATS. The ATS was suspected of staging a [[Encounter killing|fake encounter]] and was placed under considerable public and legal scrutiny. A magisterial inquiry was ordered as questions were raised on the use of 450 rounds of ammunition and the need to encounter them during the daytime, when a confrontation and the chance of [[crossfire]] were high.<ref name="Buwa"/> The ATS was also charged with seizing Rs 7 million which belonged to Dolas. Petitions alleging corruption were also filed against Khan.<ref name=indexp/> However, the trial ended with Khan and other ATS officers being acquitted.<ref name="Buwa"/>

[[Chhota Rajan]], a major Indian criminal figure, was extremely vocal in criticising the police operation as a "fake encounter", claiming it was organized by his former boss Dawood Ibrahim as part of a campaign to downsize Rajan's gang and curtail his power. He further alleged that the coordination for the operation was conducted by Samir Shah, one of Ibrahim's subordinates, and that Dolas was killed despite trying to surrender.<ref name="Rajan"/> Baljeet Parmar, a longtime commentator on organised crime, made similar allegations.<ref name=":0" />

Khan dismissed the allegations as ridiculous, arguing that Dolas and the others were not willing to surrender, citing the live videotaping of the shootout and the fact that a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] filed over similar allegations was dismissed by the [[Bombay High Court]] as "vexatious".<ref name="Rajan"/> He also claimed that, considering the demoralising effect the shootout had on the Bombay underworld (Subash Sawant and Subash Singh Thakur fled to [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]], while Anil Parab fled to Dubai; all three were major figures in Bombay organized crime), it was justifiable in the end.<ref name="Buwa"/>

While the Lokhandwala shootout made Khan famous, he later faced criticism about the way he handled the [[Bombay riots]] under his jurisdiction. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Shiv Sena]] protested his alleged partisan attitude towards their workers in the riots. In 1995, when the BJP-Shiv Sena government came to power in Maharashtra, Khan's promotion to the rank of [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General of Police]] (ADGP) was stalled and he was transferred to [[Nagpur]].<ref name=indexp/> Frustrated at this insignificant posting, Khan retired and set up a security agency in 1996, which his son now runs.<ref name="Nagpur">[http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/22khan.htm Meet the man behind the Lokhandwala shootout] – 23 May 2007, Rediff</ref> He also became a politician and joined the [[Janata Dal]], with whom he stood elections in the Mumbai Northwest constituency in 1998.<ref name=indexp>
{{cite news
|title="Mr Controversy" seeks a clean ticket
|author=S. Hussain Zaidi
|publisher=[[Indian Express]]
|url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980205/03650824.html
|date=5 February 1998
|access-date=23 May 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604232950/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980205/03650824.html
|archive-date=4 June 2007
|url-status=dead
|df=
}}</ref>

Gopal Rajwani, the gangster who had inadvertently managed to avoid being caught in the crossfire, returned to Ulhasnagar and joined politics as a Shiv Sena member in 1995. He was eventually shot dead by four of rival mobster [[Pappu Kalani]]'s henchmen on 24 January 2000 in the premises of the First Class Magistrate's court there.<ref>[http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/2000/jan/25jake.htm Sena leader Gopal Rajwani shot dead] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120909161438/http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/2000/jan/25jake.htm |date=9 September 2012 }} – 25 January 2000, Rediff</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{main|Shootout at Lokhandwala}}
The shootout was adapted into the 2007 film ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'', starring [[Sanjay Dutt]] as ACP Aftab Ahmed Khan, [[Vivek Oberoi]] as Maya Dolas, [[Tushar Kapoor]] as Dilip Buwa, and [[Amrita Singh]] as Maya's mother Ratnaprabha Dolas. The movie also featured the real-life former ACP Aftab Ahmed Khan in a cameo role as his superior, the police commissioner Krishnamurthy.<ref name="Lokhandwala">{{cite web
|title=Preview: Shootout At Lokhandwala
|author=Vijay
|url=http://www.moviewalah.com/diary/2007/04/14/preview-shootout-at-lokhandwala
|date=14 April 2007
|access-date=24 May 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529191207/http://www.moviewalah.com/diary/2007/04/14/preview-shootout-at-lokhandwala
|archive-date=29 May 2007
|url-status=dead
|df=
}}.</ref>

As the filmmakers were unable to film the shootout scene in the real Swati building, a set worth Rs 5 million was constructed in [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] that mimicked exactly how the area looked in 1991.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=87085 When Bachchans and Viveik came together] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223141646/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=87085|date=23 December 2010}} – 25 May 2007, IndiaFM News Bureau</ref> The film was criticised by Rajan on grounds that it grossly distorted his alleged version of events. In a May 2007 interview with the ''[[Times of India]]'', Rajan insisted that the encounter was fake and that the film had falsely presented the shootout per the police's account, and stated he would take his concerns to the film's producer [[Sanjay Gupta (director)|Sanjay Gupta]], who did not comment on the matter.<ref name="Rajan">{{cite news
|title=Chhota Rajan takes potshots at film
|work =[[The Times of India]]
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-21/india/27882953_1_rajan-and-dawood-ibrahim-murder-and-extortion-sharad-shetty
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022234858/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-21/india/27882953_1_rajan-and-dawood-ibrahim-murder-and-extortion-sharad-shetty
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=22 October 2012
|date=21 May 2007
|access-date=23 May 2007
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|hi}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HblcjGajZLo Indian news report on the shootout], on [[youtube.com]]
{{Coord|19.198239|N|72.873702|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout}}
[[Category:1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout| ]]
[[Category:1991 in India|Lokhandwala Complex Shootout, 1991]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]
[[Category:D-Company]]
[[Category:1990s in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1991 murders in India]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:1991 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Encounters in India]]
[[Category:November 1991 in India]]
[[Category:Shootouts in India]]

T. M. Kaliannan Gounder

2026-03-15T15:50:57Z

Meet:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1921–2021)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. M. Kalliannan Gounder
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|1|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruchengode]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|5|28|1921|1|10|df=y}}
| death_place = Thiruchengode, India
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Parvathiammal
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Madras]] ([[University of Madras]]) [[Pachaiyappa's College]]
| awards =
| signature =
| children = 3 daughters and 2 sons
| office =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| constituency =
| office1 = Member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]]
| term1 = ? – ?
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| constituency1 =
| office2 = Member of the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term2 = 1962 – 1967
| predecessor2 = ''Himself'' & R. Kandaswami
| successor2 = [[T. A. Rajavelu]]
| constituency2 = [[Tiruchengode Assembly constituency|Tiruchengode]]
| office3 =
| term3 = 1957 – 1962
| alongside3 = [[R. Kandaswami]]
| predecessor3 = S. Arumugam & [[T. S. Arthanari]]
| successor3 = ''Himself''
| constituency3 = [[Tiruchengode Assembly constituency|Tiruchengode]]
| office4 =
| term4 = 1952 – 1957
| predecessor4 = ''Constituency established''
| successor4 = A. Raja Gounder
| constituency4 = [[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram]]
| office5 = [[Provisional Parliament of India|Member of the Provisional Parliament]]
| term5 = 1950 – 1952
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| constituency5 = [[Madras Province|Madras]]
| office6 = [[Constituent Assembly of India|Member of the Constituent Assembly]]
| term6 = ? – 1950
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 =
| constituency6 = [[Madras Province|Madras]]
}}

'''T. M. Kaliyannan Gounder''' (10 January 1921 – 28 May 2021) was an Indian politician who served as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Provisional Parliament of India]] and as a member of the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] , Member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. He was the last surviving member of the first parliament of India (Provisional Parliament 1950–1952) and was one of the few surviving members of the [[1st Madras State Assembly|1st Madras Assembly]] (MLA 1952 Rasipuram, MLA 1957 Tiruchengode, MLA 1962 Tiruchengode).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=T. M. Kalliannan Gounder |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2237 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref> He played a crucial role in the development of Gandhi Ashram at [[Tiruchengode]] and in nurturing Gandhian values among the people of Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=28 May 2021 |title=Kaliannan, last surviving member of 1st CA, dies at 101 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2021/05/28/kaliannan-last-surviving-member-of-1st-ca-dies-at-101 |work=DT Next}}</ref>

==Career==
He was awarded ''[[Master of Arts]] (in English literature)'' from [[Loyola College, Madras]] and ''[[Bachelor of Commerce]]'' from [[Pachaiyappa's College|Pachaiyappa's College, Madras]]. He adopted by the [[Kumaramangalam estate|Kumaramangalam Zamindar family]] of TN.<ref>{{Cite web |title=காங்கிரஸ் காளியண்ணன் உடல் அரசு மரியாதையுடன் அடக்கம்... 2,000 பள்ளிகளை திறந்த பெருமை கொண்டவர்! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/city/virudhunagar/congress-senior-leader-kaliannan-gounder-body-burial-at-tiruchengode-with-full-government-respect/articleshow/83065475.cms |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nath |first=Sayantani |title=Last Living Member of First Lok Sabha, 100-YO Helped Draft Constitution |url=https://thebetterindia.com/209428/t-m-kaliannan-constitution-india-ambedkar-first-parliament-congress-india-history-inspiring-say143/ |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=thebetterindia.com |language=en}}</ref> However, he fought against the [[Zamindari system]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2021 |title=Kaliannan: A zamindar who fought against zamindari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/kaliannan-a-zamindar-who-fought-against-zamindari/articleshow/83058992.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 1942, TMK got a real taste of Independence activism and public life when he participated in the [[Quit India Movement|Quit India movement]] launched by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. This and many meetings with nationalist leaders like Gandhi, [[C. Rajagopalachari]] and [[S. Satyamurti]] paved the way for dedicating his life to public service. He was studying English literature at Loyola College in Chennai when he joined the revolution against the British. He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and Kamaraj’s ideology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unsung Heroes Detail |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?8545}}</ref>

On 28 January 1950, he was sworn in as a member of the Provisional Parliament of India.<ref>{{cite journal |date=5 February 1951 |title=Members Sworn |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/758083/1/ppd_28-01-1950.pdf |journal=Provisional Parliament Debates (Part II) |volume=1 |number=1 |pages=3 |access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= |title=Parliament of India: Who's Who (1950) |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/782468/1/publication_whoswho_eng_pp_1950.pdf |page=138 |date=1950 }}</ref>

He held many posts during his public career, including being the President of the Salem District Board. A keen educator, Kaliyannan Gounder is said to have started more than a thousand schools during his public life. He also opened several temples and charitable organisations in Tiruchengode. Construction projects he helped bring to fruition included the Kolli Malai road network through the [[Kolli Hills]] in Namakkal Dt,{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} Tamil Nadu. There are 70 hair pin bends in this engineering marvel. The entire ghat section was built with extremely limited funding and limited faith in the route but all went well and today the mountainous sections of the road are still in excellent condition. The Pallipalayam<ref>[[Pallipalayam]]</ref> bridge near [[Erode]] was also constructed with his support.

He was the vice president of the [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]] (TNCC) when Thiru [[K. Kamaraj]] was president. A person who avoided the spotlight TMK firmly believes in the principle of "Do Good and throw it into the well". He never hankered after public glory, name or fame. His hard work and approachability made him a favourite among those who sought genuine political advice but his self-effacing approach meant that his work went unnoticed by his own party<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rajan |first=M.C. |date=23 May 2012 |title=Congress stares at a deep abyss in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/m-c-rajan/story/congress-stares-at-a-deep-abyss-in-tamil-nadu-103025-2012-05-22 |website=India Today}}</ref> and the government.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/surviving-member-to-miss-special-sitting/article3412860.ece | title=Surviving member to miss special sitting | date=12 May 2012 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=M. K. | last=Ananth | access-date=28 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidharan |first=S. |date=24 November 2012 |title=Memories come alive in black & white |url=http://archive.asianage.com/chennai/memories-come-alive-black-white-979 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

He also held the position of Director, [[Indian Bank]], and Director, [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.]] (Trichy) among other posts. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate from [[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram constituency]] in [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952 election]], from [[Tiruchengode Assembly constituency|Tiruchengode constituency]] in [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]], and [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962 elections]]. He was one of the two winners in the 1957 election, the other being [[R. Kandaswami]] from the Congress party.<ref>{{cite book | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Who is Who 1970-1971| date=January 1971| pages=19| publisher=Legislative Council Department Fort St. George}}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf 1951/52 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf 1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref> For more than 65 years, Kaliannan has been running a free school ‘Avvai Kalvi Nilayam’ at Tiruchengode town.<ref name=":0" />

==Recognition==
The Tamil Nadu Government recently felicitated T. M. Kaliyannan Gounder and a few other members of the first Assembly of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1368189.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630011005/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1368189.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 June 2013|title = Speaker honours veteran Parliamentarian Kaliannan}}</ref> He has also been conferred the honorific title of "KONGU VEL" by the Kongu Association.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://konguassociation.com/content.do?method=leaders2 |title=Kongu Vellalar Sangagal Koottamaippu |website=konguassociation.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306140135/http://konguassociation.com/content.do?method=leaders2 |archive-date=2016-03-06}}</ref> On his 99th birthday (10 Jan 2020) he was inducted as an Honorary member of Rotary Club of Tiruchengode. He was instrumental in opening 2000 schools and 3000 public libraries.<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
T.M. Kaliyannan was married to Parvathi from Kilambadi, Erode, and they had five children. He died in [[Thiruchengode]] in 28 May 2021 at the age of 100.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tm-kaliannan-last-surviving-member-of-constituent-assembly-no-more/article34669321.ece|title=T.M. Kaliannan, last surviving member of Constituent Assembly, no more|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=T.M. Kaliannan: Last Surviving Member Of The Constituent Assembly, Passes Away |url=https://www.chronicleindia.in/current-affairs/4083-t-m-kaliannan-last-surviving-member-of-the-constituent-assembly-passes-away |website=Chronicle India}}</ref>

Chief Minister M. K. Stalin and party leaders condoled his death, celebrating his actions throughout his political career.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2021 |title=Freedom fighter TM Kaliannan Gounder dead; Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin, leaders condole death |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/May/29/freedom-fighter-tm-kaliannan-gounder-dead-tamil-nadu-cm-mk-stalin-leaders-condole-death-2308889.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaliannan Gounder, T. M.}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian men centenarians]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Namakkal district]]

Jyoti Khandelwal

2026-03-10T05:18:21Z

Meet: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jyoti Khandelwal
| image =
| birth_date = 13 November 1974
| birth_place = Nawalgarh, Rajasthan
| office = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]], [[Jaipur Municipal Corporation]]
| term = 2009 - 2014
| party = {{flagicon image|}}
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| education = M.sc in Mathematics, [[Rajasthan University]]
}}

'''Jyoti Khandelwal''' is an Indian politician who was elected mayor of [[Jaipur Municipal Corporation]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-sweeps-mayoral-elections-in-rajasthan/article55130.ece | title=Congress sweeps mayoral elections in Rajasthan | newspaper=The Hindu | date=26 November 2009 | agency=PTI | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref> Jyoti joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-28 |title=Former Jaipur Mayor, Congress leaders join BJP in Rajasthan ahead of Assembly polls |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly/former-jaipur-mayor-congress-leaders-join-bjp-in-rajasthan-ahead-of-assembly-polls/article67470786.ece |access-date=2023-10-29 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=Denied Congress tickets, two Sachin Pilot confidants join BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/denied-congress-tickets-two-sachin-pilot-confidants-join-bjp-9003710/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In her tenure she has courted many controversies,<ref name="controversy2">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Mayor-hails-Vasundhara-Raje-courts-another-controversy/articleshow/28360195.cms | title=Mayor hails Vasundhara Raje, courts another controversy | newspaper=Times of India | date=4 January 2014 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> often sparring with opposition councillors.<ref name="controversy">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Mayor-MP-fights-taking-toll-on-Cong-prospects-in-Jaipur/articleshow/22131917.cms | title=Mayor-MP fights taking toll on Cong prospects in Jaipur | newspaper=Times of India | date=29 August 2013 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://jaipur.patrika.com/experience/jaipur-news/jmc-meet-ruckus-mayor-sits-on-dharna-gets-low-spirited-support/ | title=JMC meet ruckus: Mayor sits on Dharna, gets low-spirited support | work=Patrika | date=22 September 2012 | agency=Rajasthan Patrika Pvt Ltd | accessdate=28 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303212627/http://jaipur.patrika.com/experience/jaipur-news/jmc-meet-ruckus-mayor-sits-on-dharna-gets-low-spirited-support/ | archive-date=3 March 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> During her tenure as Mayor, she criticized the Congress led state government for sheltering "corrupt".<ref name="cong_crit">{{cite news | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mayor-jyoti-khandelwal-alleges-babus-in-congress-led-government-sheltered-corrupt-1962445 | title=Mayor Jyoti Khandelwal alleges babus in Congress-led government sheltered 'corrupt' | work=DNA India | date=15 February 2014 | agency=DNA India | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref>

In 2019, Khandelwal became the first woman candidate in 48 years to contest the [[Lok Sabha election]] from [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-12|title=Jaipur Elecation Results 2019: First woman candidate in 48 years from Rajasthan's constituency|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/constituency-watch/april-12-lok-sabha-elections-2019-first-woman-candidate-in-48-years-from-rajasthans-jaipur-constituency/story-CmewNSudGNAouj0LoZqmON.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> According to her, she enjoys popular women support in Jaipur because of her active involvement with the women in social, cultural and religious events in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jyoti Khandelwal: First Woman Candidate From Jaipur In 57 years - SheThePeople TV|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/jyoti-khandelwal-woman-candidate-jaipur/|access-date=2021-06-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
*{{cite AV media | url=http://www.firstpost.com/topic/place/seoul-interview-of-jyoti-khandelwal-mayor-of-jaipur-video-193D8pX6jo0-1277-1.html | title=Interview of Jyoti Khandelwal, Mayor of Jaipur | people=Edouard Joubeaud, Jyoti Khandelwal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khandelwal, Jyoti}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Rajasthan municipal councillors]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Women mayors of places in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{india-mayor-stub}}

Psilogramma danneri

2026-03-06T09:29:10Z

Meet: put up post

{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Psilogramma
| species = danneri
| authority = [[Ulf Eitschberger|Eitschberger]], 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cate-sphingidae.org/taxonomy/Psilogramma/danneri.html |title=CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae |publisher=Cate-sphingidae.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-01}}{{dead_link|date=September 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
| synonyms =
}}
'''''Psilogramma danneri''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Sphingidae]]. It is known from [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7255976}}

[[Category:Psilogramma]]
[[Category:Moths described in 2001]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ulf Eitschberger]]

{{Psilogramma-stub}}

Ilanjippookkal

2026-03-03T20:59:18Z

Meet: cleaned up details and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ilanjippookkal
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Sandhya Mohan]]
| producer =
| writer = Ignetius Kalayanthani
| screenplay = Ignetius Kalayanthani
| starring = [[Ratheesh]] [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] Sandhya [[Rajalakshmi]] [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] [[Shivaji]] [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
| music = [[Kannur Rajan]]
| cinematography = Saroj Padi
| editing = V. P. Krishnan
| studio = Pushpa & Pushpa
| distributor = Pushpa & Pushpa
| released = {{Film date|1986|12|5|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Ilanjippookkal''''' is a 1986 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by Sandhya Mohan. The film stars [[Ratheesh]].[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], Sandhya. The film has musical score by [[Kannur Rajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1835|title=Ilanjippookkal|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?609|title=Ilanjippookkal|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/elanji-pookkal-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023151805/http://spicyonion.com/title/elanji-pookkal-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=23 October 2014|title=Elanji Pookkal|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Ratheesh]] as Balachandran
*[[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]] as Satheesh
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Rajendran
*Sandhya
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
*[[Rajalakshmi]]
*[[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
*[[Achankunju]]
*Master Vimal
*[[Santhakumari]]
*[[Shivaji (Malayalam actor)|Shivaji]]
*Soorya as Sasikala
*[[Thodupuzha Vasanthi]]
{{colend}}

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=October 2020}}
Sumithra (Sandhya) is a schoolteacher and she is blackmailed by Sukumaran (Shivaji) who took obscene pictures of Sumithra during her college youth festival. Sukumaran was her senior during college days. Sukumaran is now married and has his wife (Rajalakshmi) and child. Sumithra is engaged to Rajendran (Mukesh) and she is compelled by Sukumaran to spend a night with him, in his house, threatening to shown her pictures to Rajendran and others. On the night when she was supposed to meet Sukumaran, he gets killed and police arrests his wife and later Sumitra is also arrested since her towel is found in a blood pool at the victims house. Rajendran takes her out on bail. When she comes back to her native, she finds the lifeless body of her mother (Santhakumari) who was in an unconscious state after knowing the arrest of Sumitra.Rajendran and Sumitra part ways as he suspects Sumitra in the murder. Balan (Ratheesh) a film writer occupies the house in the neighborhood of Sumitra and tries to become friendly with Sumitra and her brother. In the meantime, Rajendran proposes to Sasikala (Surya) who is the childhood friend of Sumitra. Sumitra faints by reading a letter sent by Rajendran informing his marriage and Balan comes to the rescue. Rajendran Sasikala marriage ran into rough weather on the night of marriage itself. Meanwhile, Balan gets closer with Sumitra. Balan thrashes Pappu (Innocent) who challenges their relationship. Rajendran mentally tortures Sasikala while Sumitra gets closer to Balan. But Sumitra gets upset when Balan praises her beauty and Balan tries to find the reason for her distress. Since Sumitra was not yielding to disclose the truth, Balan vows to leave her for ever and the emotional blackmailing made her reveal what happened in her past. On the night of Sukumaran's death, Sumitra visited his house to collect the photos, but she saw Sukumaran in a pool of blood. She couldn't recover the photos. A relative of Sasikala informs Sumitra about the suicide of Sasikala while Ratheesh who is originally a Crime Branch Officer arrests Rajalakshmi's brother who killed Sukumaran to save his sister from torture. Rajendran who comes back to see Sumitra is rejected by her. Balan comeback with the photos recovered from Sukumaran's house and destroys them in front of Sumitra and leaves her with the promise to come back.

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Kannur Rajan]] and the lyrics were written by Madhu Alappuzha.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Udayagiriyirangivarum" || [[K. S. Chithra]] || Madhu Alappuzha ||
|-
| 2 || "Vishuppakshi Chilachu" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Madhu Alappuzha ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0352315|Elanji Pookkal}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Malayalam novels]]

Barefoot to Goa

2026-03-02T09:24:15Z

Meet: put up new entry - done

{{COI|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Barefoot to Goa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Praveen Morchhale]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Praveen Morchhale<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/barefoot-to-goa/cast/|title=Barefoot To Goa Cast & Crew – Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>
| producer = Praveen Morchhale
| starring =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]] Jack Francis Fina (score)
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|04|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}} 3 lakh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/barefoot-to-goa/box-office/|title=Barefoot To Goa 2015 Box Office - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>
}}

'''''Barefoot to Goa''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi film|Hindi]] [[drama film]] directed and produced by [[Praveen Morchhale]]. It narrates the story of two school-going kids living in Mumbai. Its release in India was crowdfunded through Morchhale's Proud Funding Campaign. It was released on 10 April 2015.Legendary Indian Playback singer [[KJ Yesudas]] sung a song in this film . It was the first after 2 decades Yesudas sung in a Bollywood film.

== Cast ==
*Saara Nahar as Diya
*Prakhar Morchhale as Prakhar
*Farrukh Jaffar as the grandmother
*Kuldeep Dubey as the father
*Purva Parag as the mother
*Ajay Chourey

== Release ==
''Barefoot to Goa'' was screened at the Bengaluru International Film Festival (BIFFES).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/02/05/film-barefoot-to-goa-will-make-you-want-to-call-your-grandpare/|title=Film 'Barefoot To Goa' Will Make You Want To Call Your Grandparents Immediately}}</ref> In India, it was released on 10 April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/barefoot-to-goa/|title=Barefoot To Goa Movie News, Wallpapers, Songs & Videos – Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|3153580}}

[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh

2026-02-21T07:49:00Z

Meet: started new entry

{{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16 D, Chandigarh
| motto = Strive to Rise
| location = Sector - 16 D, Chandigarh, UT
| postal_code = 160015
| country = [[India]]
| other_names = GMSSS-16, 16-Model
| schooltype = Public High School
| fundingtype = State-funded
| established = 1954
| coordinates = {{coord|30.7470785|76.774029|type:school|display=inline}}
| school_board = Central Board of Secondary Education
| school_code = 04828
| principal = Mrs. Bhavneet Kaur
| staff =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| language = English
| website = http://gmsss16.com
| logo = GMSSS-16.png
}}

'''Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16''' (often called '''GMSSS-16''' or simply '''16-Model''') is a [[State school|State-funded]] co-educational [[secondary school]] located in [[Chandigarh]], [[India]], educating students in grades K–12. Founded in 1954,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gmsss16.com/?page_id=916|title=School History {{!}} Govt. Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh|website=gmsss16.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-17}}</ref> it is the oldest school in [[Chandigarh]] and among the most selective.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2008jul03/chandigarh_government_schools_great_demand.html|title=Chandigarh government schools in great demand|website=twocircles.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gmsss16-sets-highest-cutoff-in-all-streams/968828/|title=GMSSS-16 sets highest cut-off in all streams - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-08-17}}</ref> The school is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] and offers twenty-three subjects at the [[All India Senior School Certificate Examination|AISSCE]] level,<ref name=cbse>{{Cite web|url=http://gmsss16.com/?page_id=1724|title=CBSE Disclosure(OASIS) {{!}} Govt. Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh|website=gmsss16.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> among the highest for any school in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gmsss16-sets-highest-cutoff-in-all-streams/968828/|title=GMSSS-16 sets highest cut-off in all streams - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/class-xi-cut-offs-for-govt-schools-released-2889423/|title=Class XI: Cut-offs for govt schools in Chandigarh released|date=2016-07-02|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-04-02|language=en-US}}</ref> It also claims a 100% pass percentage at the [[All India Secondary School Examination|All India Secondary School Certificate Examination]] level.<ref name=cbse/>

The school's main building was designed by Swiss [[architect]] [[Pierre Jeanneret]], along with Bhanu Pratap Mathur and Jugal Kishore Chowdhary, in line with the former's [[Modern architecture|modernist]] ideals<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gmsss16.com/|title=Govt. Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh {{!}} 16 model|website=gmsss16.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-17}}</ref><ref>Joshi, Kiran (1999). ''Documenting Chandigarh: the Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, Jane Beverly Drew (Vol. 1)''. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing.</ref> and was inaugurated by the then Commissioner of the [[Chandigarh|Union Territory of Chandigarh]] in 1954.

== Academics ==
=== Curriculum ===

The School is affiliated to the internationally-recognised [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], New Delhi and follows the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]] curriculum.

=== Subject areas ===
The following subjects are offered at the [[All India Senior School Certificate Examination|AISSCE]] level:

'''Languages'''

* English Core (Mandatory)
* Hindi Core
* Hindi Elective
* Punjabi
* Sanskrit Core
* French

'''Sciences'''

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Biology
* Computer Science

'''Business and Commerce'''

* Business Studies
* Entrepreneurship
* Accountancy

'''Humanities and Social Sciences'''

* Economics
* Psychology
* Sociology
* History
* Political Science
* Philosophy
* Geography
* Legal Studies
* Fine Arts
* Music (Vocal)
* Home Science

'''Non-credit'''

* Physical Education
* Work Experience
* General Studies

== Notable alumni ==

=== Politics ===

* [[Kapil Sibal]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/made-in-chandigarh-retain-chandigarh-s-character-says-kapil-sibal/story-RjnLaT41C2LvW9kMLcyaOJ.html|title=Made in Chandigarh: Retain Chandigarh's character, says Kapil Sibal|date=2018-05-25|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2018-08-17|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.igovernment.in/articles/28786/chandigarh-govt-schools-in-demand|title=Chandigarh govt schools 'in demand' {{!}} igovernment.in|website=igovernment.in|language=en|access-date=2018-08-17}}</ref> prominent lawyer and former [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]]
* [[Ambika Soni]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] and former [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]]
* [[Chander Mohan]],<ref name=":0" /> former deputy chief minister of [[Haryana]]
*[[Deepak-Raj Gupta]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/dav-college-alumnus-becomes-first-indian-to-get-elected-in-australian-parliament/articleshow/70311992.cms|title=DAV college alumnus becomes first Indian to get elected in Australian parliament|date=July 21, 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Member of the [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]], first [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|PIO]] to get elected to Australian parliament

=== Academia ===

* [[Manohar Lal Munjal]], scientist and professor at the [[Indian Institute of Science]]
* [[Vijay K. Dhir]], professor and former Dean of the [[Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science]] at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]
* [[Sunil Saigal]], professor and former Dean of the [[Newark College of Engineering]]
* [[K. K. Aggarwal]], professor and founding [[Vice chancellor|Vice Chancellor]] of the [[Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University]].
* [[Paras Anand]],<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/paras.anand |title=Paras Anand, Imperial College London}}</ref> Scientist and Group Leader at [[Imperial College London]].

=== Arts ===

*[[D. S. Kapoor]], art historian and former principal of [[Government College of Arts, Chandigarh]]

=== Armed Forces ===

* Lt. Nishant Karol, Indian Army martyr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/body-of-lt-nishant-karol-cremated/602141/|title=Body of Lt Nishant Karol cremated - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> Every year the school hosts an intra-school quiz competition in his memory.

==See also==
*[[Education in Punjab, India]]
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Chandigarh]]
*[[Chandigarh]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Government+Model+Senior+Secondary+School/@30.7470785,76.774029,617m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!1m2!2m1!1sGovernment+Model+Senior+Secondary+School,+Sector-16,+Chandigarh!3m4!1s0x0:0x63a57d5e90ba98cc!8m2!3d30.7468934!4d76.7765325|title= Government Model Senior Secondary School}}

{{Portal bar|Education}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Chandigarh]]

United SC

2026-02-14T04:45:33Z

Meet: minor cleanup content to improve readability further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Association football club in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = United SC
| image = United Sports Club.svg
| upright = 0.9
| fullname = United Sports Club
| nickname = The Peafowls
| short name = USC
| founded = {{start date and age|1927}} {{small|(as ''Eveready Association Club'')}}
| ground = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
| capacity = 20,000
| chairman = Nabab Bhattacharya
| Sponsor =
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Lal Kamal Bhowmik]]
| league = {{ubl|[[I-League 2]]|[[Calcutta Football League]]}}
| season =
| position =
| website = {{URL|https://theunitedsportsclub.in/}}
| pattern_la1 = _persita2324h
| pattern_b1 = _persita2324h
| pattern_ra1 = _persita2324h
| pattern_sh1 = _persita2324h
| pattern_so1 = _navy_midband
| leftarm1 = 24066A
| body1 = 24066A
| rightarm1 = 24066A
| shorts1 = 0000FF
| socks1 = FFFFFF
| pattern_la2 = _lagalaxy24h
| pattern_b2 = _lagalaxy24h
| pattern_ra2 = _lagalaxy24h
| pattern_sh2 = _lagalaxy24h
| pattern_so2 = _lagalaxy22h
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| pattern_la3 = _toronto23t
| pattern_b3 = _toronto23t
| pattern_ra3 = _toronto23t
| pattern_sh3 = _3_yellow_stripes
| pattern_so3 = _3_stripes_yellow
| leftarm3 = 87CEFA
| body3 = 87CEFA
| rightarm3 = f373ae
| shorts3 = 87CEFA
| socks3 = 87CEFA
}}

The '''United Sports Club''' ({{langx|bn|ইউনাইটেড স্পোর্টস ক্লাব}}) is a professional [[Association football|football]] club based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Chandra">{{cite web|last=Chandra|first=Shikharr|title=United Sports Club loan Nigerian striker Adekunle Owolabi Waheed|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2014/02/15/4621971/united-sports-club-complete-the-signing-of-nigerian-striker|work=Goal.com|access-date=15 February 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502061748/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2014/02/15/4621971/united-sports-club-complete-the-signing-of-nigerian-striker}}</ref> United SC was founded in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://im.rediff.com/sports/2005/dec/27foot.htm|title=Indian football: chance to redeem itself|website=Rediff.com|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415161437/https://im.rediff.com/sports/2005/dec/27foot.htm}}</ref> The club competes in the [[I-League 2]], as well as the [[Calcutta Football League]],<ref>{{cite web|first=Sulaya|last=Singha|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/bhawanipore-club-becomes-the-group-champion-of-cfl-2022/|title=এক ম্যাচ বাকি থাকতেই গ্রুপ চ্যাম্পিয়ন হয়ে কলকাতা লিগের সুপার সিক্সে ভবানীপুর ক্লাব|date=10 September 2022|access-date=31 October 2022|trans-title=Bhawanipore Club became the group champion in Super Six of Calcutta League with one match left|website=sangbadpratidin.in|publisher=Sangbad Pratidin Digital|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019125918/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/bhawanipore-club-becomes-the-group-champion-of-cfl-2022/|archive-date=19 October 2022}}</ref> the oldest football league in [[Asia]].

United SC soon emerged as one of the most successful teams from the state in 2010s, after Mohun Bagan and East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandabazar.com/22khela8.html |title=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা — খেলা: তিন প্রধানে এ বার নতুন মুখ |trans-title=Anandabazar Patrik — Sports: New faces in three Kolkata football giants |website=anandabazar.com |access-date=26 January 2023 |date=22 May 2012 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522024116/http://anandabazar.com/22khela8.html |archive-date=2012-05-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United SC bring their Asian player, have signed Moustafa|url=http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/United%20SC%20bring%20their%20Asian%20Player.php|publisher=United Sports Club|access-date=2 November 2013|archive-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103234644/http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/United%20SC%20bring%20their%20Asian%20Player.php}}</ref> The club previously participated in [[I-League]],<ref name="ONGC VS. PRAYAG UNITED 2 – 2">{{cite web|title=ONGC VS. PRAYAG UNITED 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/29/india/i-league/ongc/chirag-united-sc/1044918/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601052040/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/29/india/i-league/ongc/chirag-united-sc/1044918/|archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> which was then top flight of Indian football league system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-money-and-passion-united-sports-club-kolkata/14bdjdznjmqp61lrhjknwto0c5|title=Indian Football: With very little money and lot of passion, United Sports Club still running strongly|website=Goal.com|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402004421/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-money-and-passion-united-sports-club-kolkata/14bdjdznjmqp61lrhjknwto0c5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United 2–0 Rangdajied United |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/arhima-club/1585278/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=7 May 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507173100/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/arhima-club/1585278/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2011-12/|title=Prayag United SC: Team Analysis And Season Preview 2011-12|website=thehardtackle.com|date=9 September 2011|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111025249/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2011-12/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UNITED VS. AIR INDIA 5 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/07/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/air-india/1394149/|work=Soccerway|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415161439/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/07/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/air-india/1394149/}}</ref> The club mostly uses [[Kalyani Stadium]] as home ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gokulamkeralafc.com/gkfc-face-united-sports-club-in-the-ifa-shield-opener-on-sunday/|title=GKFC face United Sports Club in the IFA Shield opener on Sunday|website=GokulamKeralaFC.com|date=5 December 2020|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205140620/https://www.gokulamkeralafc.com/gkfc-face-united-sports-club-in-the-ifa-shield-opener-on-sunday/}}</ref>

==History==
===1927–2009===
United SC was originally established in 1927 as '''Eveready Association Club'''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans|last=Schöggl|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiafound.html|title=India — List of Foundation Dates|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194819/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiafound.html|archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> Since then, they participated in fewer editions of the [[Calcutta Football League]]. The club has a tradition of bringing up local and unknown talents from various parts of Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insidesports.in/archives/1892|title=ফুটবলার তুলে আনতে জেলামুখী জর্জ টেলিগ্রাফ স্পোর্টস ক্লাব|website=insidesports.in|publisher=Inside Sports Bengali|language=bn|trans-title=District oriented George Telegraph Sports Club to pick up footballers|location=Kolkata|agency=|date=18 July 2021|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022070623/https://insidesports.in/archives/1892}}</ref> In 2003, they lifted their first trophy [[All Airlines Gold Cup]], defeating [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] 2–1. In 2004, they emerged victorious in the [[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]], defeating [[All Nepal Football Association|ANFA XI]] in final by 4–2 in penalty-shootout, after the game ended 1–1.<ref name="Sikkim"/> During the 2005–06 season, they participated in [[Kalinga Cup]] in Odisha and reached the final, defeating Bangladeshi side [[Badda Jagoroni Sangsad]] by 4–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005kalingacup.html|title=Kalinga Cup: from 21. upto 31. August 2005 in Cuttack & Sambalpur, Orissa|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816063348/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005kalingacup.html|archive-date=16 August 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Badda">{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Aug 29, 2005|title=Eveready edge out Bada Jagarini {{!}} Football News — Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/eveready-edge-out-bada-jagarini/articleshow/1213691.cms|access-date=20 December 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220154033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/eveready-edge-out-bada-jagarini/articleshow/1213691.cms|archive-date=20 December 2021|language=en}}</ref> They clinched the title defeating Cuttack SSH 2–0.<ref name="Kalinga Cup"/> Eveready Association also reached the final of the 111th edition of [[IFA Shield]] but lost 1–5 to [[Bayern Munich II]] at the end.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chris Punnakkattu Daniel|url=https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2011/12/24/fc-bayern-munich-in-india-flashback-2005/|title=FC Bayern Munich in India – Flashback 2005|website=blog.cpdfootball.de|date=24 December 2011|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418151436/https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2011/12/24/fc-bayern-munich-in-india-flashback-2005/|archive-date=18 April 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the IFA-Shield|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|language=en|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007084853/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|archive-date=7 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India – List of IFA Shield Finals|access-date=23 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929112913/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|archive-date=29 September 2022|work=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]|first1=Arunava|last1=Chaudhuri}}</ref>

[[File:India football Sayed Rahim Nabi.jpg|thumb|220px|Chirag United players (''in purple'') in action with [[East Bengal FC]] during the [[2008–09 I-League]].]]

In 2006, the club was renamed as United Sports Club to attract a title sponsor and the football division owned by United Sport Football Team Private Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/club/index.php?Aboutclub=41&ClubDetail=41|title=All India Football Federation, Football Development Programmes|website=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103094542/http://the-aiff.com/pages/club/index.php?Aboutclub=41&ClubDetail=41|archive-date=3 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, veteran manager [[Amal Dutta]] was roped in as head coach in place of Belgian [[Philippe De Ridder]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200609.html|title=NEWS FOR THE MONTH OF September 2006 - Amal Dutta replaces Philippe De Ridder|website=www.indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=18 September 2006|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808221813/http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200609.html|url-status=dead|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref> With the inflow of sponsorship, the club clinched promotion to the first division of the [[I-League]] in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nisanth V Easwar|date=10 September 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/i-league-how-newly-promoted-teams-have-performed/ma7hveltk8i91ieo2d5oos8jg|title=I-League: How newly-promoted teams have performed|website=Goal.com|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512112418/https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/i-league-how-newly-promoted-teams-have-performed/ma7hveltk8i91ieo2d5oos8jg|archive-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> Previously the club has competed in the [[National Football League (India)]] before joining the newly formed [[I-League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crankshaw-sports-stats.com/leagues/south_asia/india/i_league_1.html|title=India ONGC I League (NFL) Historical Data|website=crankshaw-sports-stats.com|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415161447/http://crankshaw-sports-stats.com/leagues/south_asia/india/i_league_1.html}}</ref> Later in 2009, they roped in [[Subrata Bhattacharya]] as head coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Football "HALL OF FAME": SUBRATA BHATTACHARJEE |url=http://indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/bhattacharjee_subrata.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |date=2005 |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805145505/http://indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/bhattacharjee_subrata.html |archive-date=5 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/subrata-bhattacharya-chosen-for-bagan-ratna/article19189097.ece|title=Subrata Bhattacharya chosen for Bagan Ratna|date=30 June 2017|access-date=13 October 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|location=Kolkata|first=Y. B.|last=SARANGI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623000521/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/subrata-bhattacharya-chosen-for-bagan-ratna/article19189097.ece|archive-date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/subrata-bhattacharya-returns-to-coaching-with-bhawanipore-fc/1fwxhvvtxxagb1l2a3l16bkv81|title=Subrata Bhattacharya returns to coaching with Bhawanipore FC|date=7 May 2018|access-date=3 October 2022|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003104057/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/subrata-bhattacharya-returns-to-coaching-with-bhawanipore-fc/1fwxhvvtxxagb1l2a3l16bkv81|archive-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>

===2010–2020===
[[File:ShankarOraon.jpg|thumb|220px|Shankar Oraon during the club's preseason training in 2011.]]
Prayag United participated in the 123rd edition of the [[Durand Cup]] in [[2010 Durand Cup|2010]]. United emerged champion at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]] with a 1–0 tie-break win over [[JCT FC]].<ref>{{cite web|title=123rd edition of the Durand Cup: Fixtures|url=https://www.gcsstars.com/search/label/123%20Durand%20cup|website=gcsstars.com|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628205141/https://www.gcsstars.com/search/label/123%20Durand%20cup|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=123rd edition of the Durand Cup: Fixtures|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/durand-cup-2010-123rd-edition-starts-in-delhi/|website=The Hard Tackle|date=26 October 2010|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203856/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/durand-cup-2010-123rd-edition-starts-in-delhi/|url-status=live}}</ref> For the [[I-League 2010-11|2010–11 I-League]] season, United SC played at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in [[Kolkata]]. On Indian Transfer deadline day United SC made headline news by signing [[India national football team]] striker [[Sunil Chhetri]] until the end of the season.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Indian National Team Striker Sunil Chhetri Signs For Chirag United|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/02/10/2347011/i-league-indian-national-team-striker-sunil-chhetri-signs|work=Goal.com|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502061932/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/02/10/2347011/i-league-indian-national-team-striker-sunil-chhetri-signs|archive-date=2 May 2014}}</ref> On 3 April 2011, Chhetri scored his first goal for Chirag United against [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], however, Dempo won the match 4–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=PRAYAG UNITED VS. DEMPO 2 – 4|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/03/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/dempo-sports-club/1044889/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022645/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/03/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/dempo-sports-club/1044889/|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> Chhetri then scored a brace on 29 April 2011 against [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]] to help salvage a 2–2 draw for Chirag.<ref name="ONGC VS. PRAYAG UNITED 2 – 2"/> In June 2011 after the [[I-League]] season ended, old sponsors Chirag chose to cut ties with United SC and thus Chirag United SC became Prayag United Sports Club. Even though the team has lost a lot in terms of sponsorship money the club is still able to sign and retain their current players.

[[File:Lalkamal raiding HAL defense.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Lalkamal Bhowmick]] of Chirag United, making an early inroad against [[HAL SC]] during the [[2010–11 I-League]].]]
On 3 August 2011, it was announced that United Sports Club had signed a sponsorship deal with ''Prayag Group'' and on 7 August 2011 United Sports Club officially changed their name to ''Prayag United SC''.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/03/2602615/i-league-united-sports-club-to-be-rechristened-as-prayag |title=I-League: United Sports Club To Be Rechristened As 'Prayag United' |publisher=Goal.com |date=2011-08-03 |access-date=2012-07-11 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016051652/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/03/2602615/i-league-united-sports-club-to-be-rechristened-as-prayag }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Sukalp|last=Sharma|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/indias-biggest-league/626797/|title=Indias biggest league|date=31 May 2010|access-date=16 July 2021|website=financialexpress.com|publisher=The Financial Express|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718090105/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/indias-biggest-league/626797/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Kratik|last=Malhotra|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/07/2608448/i-league-viva-kerala-renamed-as-chirag-united-kerala-its-turning-|title=I-League: Viva Kerala Renamed As Chirag United Kerala – It's Turning Into An Absolute Joke|website=Goal.com|date=7 August 2011|access-date=24 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317110218/http://m.goal.com/s/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/07/2608448/i-league-viva-kerala-renamed-as-chirag-united-kerala-its-turning-|archive-date=17 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In October, the club narrowly missed the opportunity of winning the [[Durand Cup]], after a 5–4 defeat to [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|date=2011-10-15|title=Churchill Brothers lifts Durand Cup|language=en-IN|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/churchill-brothers-lifts-durand-cup/article2541035.ece|access-date=2021-08-03|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2021-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730134813/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/churchill-brothers-lifts-durand-cup/article2541035.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 October 2011|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-15/top-stories/30283132_1_churchill-goalkeeper-churchill-brothers-mp-zakeer|title=Churchill win Durand Cup via tie-breaker|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126043151/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-15/top-stories/30283132_1_churchill-goalkeeper-churchill-brothers-mp-zakeer|archive-date=26 January 2013|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 April 2021|location=New Delhi|agency=PTI}}</ref> The association, however was cancelled in the summer of the 2013, when the company found itself involved in the chit-fund scam. The name was again changed to ''United Sports Club''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/for-the-love-of-the-club/article29712585.ece|title=For the love of the club|date=11 October 2013 |publisher=Sportstar.thehindu.com|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203083946/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/for-the-love-of-the-club/article29712585.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sengupta|first1=Somnath|title=Indian Club Football: How Financially Sustainable Is Football In India?|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/indian-club-football-how-financially-sustainable-is-football-in-india/|website=www.thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|date=8 July 2011|access-date=11 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125910/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/indian-club-football-how-financially-sustainable-is-football-in-india/|archive-date=14 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ajgoankar|first1=Ashlesh|title=Indian Football: Can Kerala Produce Next I.M. Vijayan?|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/indian-football-can-kerala-produce-next-i-m-vijayan/|website=www.thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|date=18 January 2013|access-date=11 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101110236/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/indian-football-can-kerala-produce-next-i-m-vijayan/|archive-date=1 November 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Abijit mondal.jpg|thumb|170px|United SC player [[Abhijit Mondal]] in 2011]]

Dutchman [[Eelco Schattorie]] managed his first game for them on 10 November 2012, where he led Prayag to a 10–1 victory over newly promoted [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bera|first1=Kaustav|title=Prayag United SC 10-1 United Sikkim FC: Ranti scores five as Shattorie's reign begins in style|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/united-vs-united-sikkim/1394175/report|website=Goal.com|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-date=27 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827085554/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/united-vs-united-sikkim/1394175/report|url-status=live}}</ref> Schattorie won his first and only cup for the side on 20 March 2013 when Prayag United defeated [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] in the [[IFA Shield]] final 1–0 through a [[Ranti Martins]] goal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prayag United beat champions East Bengal for IFA Shield|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/report/united-sc-beat-east-bengal-for-ifa-shield-ranty-martins/20130320.htm|access-date=13 December 2015|work=Rediff|date=20 March 2013|archive-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121909/http://www.rediff.com/sports/report/united-sc-beat-east-bengal-for-ifa-shield-ranty-martins/20130320.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The following season in the I-League, They thrashed [[Air India FC]] by 5–1 margin,<ref>{{cite web|title=Prayag United 5-1 Air India: Ranti Martins' hat-trick grounds the Airmen|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|publisher=Goal.com|access-date=22 October 2012|archive-date=4 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091417/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|url-status=live}}</ref> and eventually finished the [[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]] campaign leading Prayag United to a fourth-place finish with 44 points.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Noronha|first1=Anselm|title=Ranti Martins: I will stay at Prayag United|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/06/28/4075248/ranti-martins-i-will-stay-at-prayag-united|website=Goal.com|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-date=27 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827085539/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/06/28/4075248/ranti-martins-i-will-stay-at-prayag-united|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dutchman Eelco Schattorie appointed new coach of Indian Premier Club Prayag United SC !|url=http://unitedsportsclub.in/eelco_coach.php|work=Prayag United Sports Club|access-date=9 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110082830/http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/eelco_coach.php|archive-date=10 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/3883/features/2013/09/16/4260232/i-league-team-profile-united-sports-club I-League team profile: United Sports Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507164709/https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/3883/features/2013/09/16/4260232/i-league-team-profile-united-sports-club |date=7 May 2021 }} ''Goal.com''. Retrieved 7 May 2021</ref> In that season, they emerged as the runners-up of the [[2012 IFA Shield]], losing to [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] by 4–2 on penalties.<ref name="final">{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Ganguly|date=17 March 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/gurpreet-hands-east-bengal-ifa-shield-title/articleshow/12300716.cms|title=Gurpreet hands East Bengal IFA Shield title|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625042144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/gurpreet-hands-east-bengal-ifa-shield-title/articleshow/12300716.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Sanjay sen.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Sanjoy Sen]] managed the club from 2010 to 2012 and helped the team reaching finals of 2011 Durand Cup and 2012 IFA Shield]]
In [[2013 IFA Shield|2013]], the club won their maiden [[IFA Shield]] title by defeating [[East Bengal FC]] in the final by 1–0 margin.<ref>[http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2013/03/20/prayag-united-defeat-east-bengal-to-win-ifa-shield-2013/ Prayag United defeat East Bengal to win the 2013 IFA Shield] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507170636/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2013/03/20/prayag-united-defeat-east-bengal-to-win-ifa-shield-2013/ |date=7 May 2021 }} ''Indianfootballnetwork.com''. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India 2012/13: IFA Shield|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india2013.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007160441/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india2013.html}}</ref> In that competition (Semi-finals), they also defeated a foreign side [[Deportivo Saprissa]] of [[Costa Rica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/ifa-shield-prayag-united-beat-deportivo-saprissa-to-enter-final-1539492?amp=1&akamai-rum=off|title=IFA Shield: Prayag United beat Deportivo Saprissa to enter IFA Shield final|website=sports.ndtv.com|access-date=7 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507170117/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/ifa-shield-prayag-united-beat-deportivo-saprissa-to-enter-final-1539492?amp=1&akamai-rum=off|url-status=live}}</ref> After the end of [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14 I-League season]], [[United S.C.|United]] finished on tenth position with 26 points in 24 matches and was evicted from I-League for not fulfilling the [[Asian Football Confederation]]'s club licensing criteria.<ref name="CB RU USC">{{cite news|last=Mergulhao|first=Marcus|title=Three football clubs barred from I-League|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Three-football-clubs-barred-from-I-League/articleshow/35464155.cms|work=The Times of India|date=22 May 2014 |access-date=22 May 2014|archive-date=22 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522154849/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Three-football-clubs-barred-from-I-League/articleshow/35464155.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/06/27/25058912/gallery-clubs-who-made-an-exit-from-the-i-league/lalnunpuia-rangdajied/8#photo|title=Clubs who made an exit from the I-League|website=goal.com|access-date=18 March 2021|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614143053/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/06/27/25058912/gallery-clubs-who-made-an-exit-from-the-i-league/lalnunpuia-rangdajied/8#photo|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 July 2015, it was announced that the club appointed [[Bino George]] as the new head coach.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bharat|first1=Khelchandra|title=Bino George appointed as the Chief Coach of United SC football team|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2015/07/24/bino-george-appointed-as-the-chief-coach-of-united-sc-football-team/|website=Indian Football Network|date=24 July 2015|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053204/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2015/07/24/bino-george-appointed-as-the-chief-coach-of-united-sc-football-team/|url-status=live}}</ref> United emerged as champions in the [[2019 CFL Premier Division#Premier Division B|2019–20 Calcutta Premier Division B]] with 28 points in 14 matches and earned promotion to Division A.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_2019-20/premier_table_2019.html|title=IFA CFL Premier Division table 2019|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Kolkata Football|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818115445/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_2019-20/premier_table_2019.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In that season, United reached to the semi-finals of the [[2020 IFA Shield]] but lost to [[George Telegraph SC]] by 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/123_ifa_shield_2020-21/shield_result.html|title=123rd IFA Shield 2020–21|website=kolkatafootball.com|access-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127002620/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/123_ifa_shield_2020-21/shield_result.html|archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/17834-ifa-shield-2020-full-match--real-kashmir-make-history-beat-george-telegraph-in-final|title=IFA Shield 2020 FULL MATCH - Real Kashmir make history, beat George Telegraph in final|website=thefangarage.com|date=19 December 2020 |access-date=26 March 2021|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122083916/https://thefangarage.com/articles/17834-ifa-shield-2020-full-match--real-kashmir-make-history-beat-george-telegraph-in-final}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2020|title=IFA Shield: Real Kashmir win first major tournament, beat George Telegraph 2–1|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/ifa-shield-real-kashmir-win-first-major-tournament-beat-george-telegraph-2-1-7111415/|access-date=2020-12-19|publisher=The Indian Express|website=indianexpress.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120542/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/ifa-shield-real-kashmir-win-first-major-tournament-beat-george-telegraph-2-1-7111415/|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>

===2021–present===
United SC maintained good form in domestic league, as they moved to championship round of [[2022–23 I-League 2]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Shillong Lajong return to Hero I-League after four years |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/shillong-lajong-return-to-hero-i-league-after-four-years |location=New Delhi |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522180522/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/shillong-lajong-return-to-hero-i-league-after-four-years |archive-date=22 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shillong Lajong Promoted to I-League After Four Years With 2–1 Win Over Bengaluru United |url=https://www.news18.com/football/shillong-lajong-promoted-to-i-league-after-four-years-with-2-1-win-over-bengaluru-united-7880203.html |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=news18.com|publisher=News18 Sports |date=21 May 2022 |location=New Delhi |first=Vivek |last=Ganapathy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522180246/https://www.news18.com/football/shillong-lajong-promoted-to-i-league-after-four-years-with-2-1-win-over-bengaluru-united-7880203.html |archive-date=22 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meghalaya {{!}} Shillong Lajong FC to participate in I-League after four years |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/meghalaya-shillong-lajong-fc-i-league.html |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=nenow.in |publisher=North East Now News |date=22 May 2022 |location=Shillong |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522175639/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/meghalaya-shillong-lajong-fc-i-league.html |archive-date=22 May 2023 }}</ref> At the end of the round in May, they finished in fifth position.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC crowned Hero 2nd Division champions, earn promotion to Hero I-League |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/delhi-fc-crowned-hero-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-hero-i-league |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=All India Football Federation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527052449/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/delhi-fc-crowned-hero-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-hero-i-league |archive-date=27 May 2023 |location=New Delhi |first=AIFF |last=Media Team }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC clinch second division title and promotion to I-League |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/delhi-fc-clinch-second-division-title-and-promotion-to-i-league/articleshow/100534512.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527052710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/delhi-fc-clinch-second-division-title-and-promotion-to-i-league/articleshow/100534512.cms |archive-date=27 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC Crowned 2nd Division Champions, Earn Promotion to I-League |url=https://www.news18.com/football/delhi-fc-crowned-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-i-league-7926229.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=News18.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527053011/https://www.news18.com/football/delhi-fc-crowned-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-i-league-7926229.html |archive-date=27 May 2023 |location=New Delhi |first=Ritayan |last=Basu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC secure maiden I-League berth |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/delhi-fc-secure-maiden-i-league-berth-8631089/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=indianexpress.com |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527072913/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/delhi-fc-secure-maiden-i-league-berth-8631089/ |archive-date=27 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2023, the Indian Football Association (IFA) announced the merger of both Premier Division A and B of the [[Calcutta Football League]], ahead of its 125th edition, in which United was allowed to compete in Group I.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season|title=Calcutta Football League (CFL) goes bigger than ever for its historic 125th season|website=thefangarage.com|publisher=The Fan Garage|location=Kolkata|date=5 June 2023|access-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606060715/https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season|archive-date=6 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=TNN|date=31 May 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cfl-premier-div-a-b-to-be-merged/articleshow/100636021.cms?from=mdr|location=Kolkata|title=CFL Premier Div 'A' & 'B' to be merged|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cfl-premier-div-a-b-to-be-merged/articleshow/100636021.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Sanghamitra|last=Chakraborty|date=5 June 2023|url=https://tv9bangla.com/sports/football/have-a-look-on-2023-calcutta-football-league-premier-division-group-stage-830841.html|title=Calcutta Football League: মোহনবাগান-মহমেডানের গ্রুপে অভিষেকের ক্লাব, ইস্টবেঙ্গলের গ্রুপে ভবানীপুর|trans-title=Calcutta Football League: Debutant club in Mohun Bagan-Mohammedan group, Bhavanipur in East Bengal group|language=bn|work=TV9 Bangla|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605154245/https://tv9bangla.com/sports/football/have-a-look-on-2023-calcutta-football-league-premier-division-group-stage-830841.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Koushik|last=Biswas|date=5 June 2023|url=https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/mohun-bagan-is-in-comparatively-tough-group-in-calcutta-football-league/articleshow/100770942.cms|title=Calcutta Football League : বাজল কলকাতা ফুটবল লিগের ঘণ্টা, কঠিন গ্রুপে মোহনবাগান|trans-title=Calcutta Football League: Bell of Calcutta Football League rings, Mohun Bagan in tough group|language=bn|work=Ei Samay|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605154719/https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/mohun-bagan-is-in-comparatively-tough-group-in-calcutta-football-league/articleshow/100770942.cms}}</ref> In 2023–24 I-League 2, the club was managed by Ranjan Bhattacharjee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/26194|title=I-League 2 — United Sports Club 0–1 Sudeva Delhi FC (26 January 2024)|date=26 January 2024|access-date=28 February 2024|location=Kalyani|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228123648/https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/26194}}</ref> In [[2023–24 I-League 2|that league season]], United SC earned sixth-place finish with 15 points in 14 matches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I-LEAGUE 2 2023/2024 — Table (final standings)|url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/india/i-league-2nd-division/2024/final-round/r76112/tables/|access-date=27 April 2024|website=int.soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|archive-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428070019/https://us.soccerway.com/national/india/i-league-2nd-division/2024/final-round/r76112/tables/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dempo SC return to I-League after nine years|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-dsc-earn-promotion-202404|date=27 April 2024|access-date=27 April 2024|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now News|archive-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428073725/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-dsc-earn-promotion-202404}}</ref> In 2024–25 season, the club stayed and took part in the [[I-League 2]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-League 2 2024–25: Newly promoted SAT Tirur face familiar foes KLASA FC in season-opener |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-fixtures-202410 |access-date=25 October 2024 |date=24 October 2024 |website=Khel Now |first1=Anuj |last1=T |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106051023/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-fixtures-202410 |archive-date=6 November 2024 }}</ref>

==Crest & colours==
The club crest is designed in the shape of a blue and white circle, that includes words '''''United Sports Club''''' in the blue strip.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/chirag-united-sc/8249/|title=India – United SC – Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news – Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018163435/http://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/chirag-united-sc/8249/|url-status=live}}</ref> This is to show United Sports Club as the main name of the club. Inside the crest, there is a [[Peafowl]] on top of a [[ball (association football)|football]].

While the crest is [[blue]] and [[white]], the official colours of United SC are [[purple]] and [[yellow]].<ref>{{cite web|location=Kolkata|url =https://thehardtackle.com/2012/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2012-13/|title=Prayag United SC: Team Analysis and Season Preview 2012–13|date=2 August 2012|access-date=25 October 2015|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|first=Kunwar Deep|last=Singh|archive-date=4 August 2012|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120804174151/https://thehardtackle.com/2012/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2012-13/}}</ref> While still sponsored and owned by ''Chirag Computers'', United Sports Club's official colours were purple and white. The home kit for United SC includes a purple and yellow jersey with purple shorts and white socks while the away kit is all white with red socks.

==Ownership==
Originally established in 1927 as the '''EverReady Association''', the club was renamed as the United Sports Club in 2006, following financial backing by Chirag Computers, a subsidiary of RP Group Company.<ref>{{cite web|title=After Shillong United shut shop, a look at clubs that withdrew from the I-League in the last 5 years|url=https://scroll.in/field/888836/after-shillong-united-shut-shop-a-look-at-clubs-that-withdrew-from-the-i-league-in-the-last-5-years|website=scroll.in|publisher=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]]|date=1 August 2018|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228071930/https://scroll.in/field/888836/after-shillong-united-shut-shop-a-look-at-clubs-that-withdrew-from-the-i-league-in-the-last-5-years}}</ref> With the inflow of sponsorship thereafter, the club clinched promotion to the first division of the [[I-League]] in 2008.

In 2011, Prayag Group (also known as Chirag United Sports Pvt. Ltd.) bought the majority stake of the club, and rebranded it as "Prayag United".<ref name="Goal.com – Prayag">{{Cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/03/2602615/i-league-united-sports-club-to-be-rechristened-as-prayag |title=I-League: United Sports Club to be Rechristened as 'Prayag United' |first=Rahul |last=Bali |date=3 August 2011 |work=Goal.com |access-date=2011-08-03 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016051652/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/03/2602615/i-league-united-sports-club-to-be-rechristened-as-prayag }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz|first=John|title=Prayag United FC 2–0 United Sikkim FC: Rafique at the double as Kolkatans end campaign on a high|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91312/prayag-united-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016001311/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91312/prayag-united-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|date=24 September 2012}}</ref> Alokesh Kundu and Siddhartha Bhattacharya became General Secretary and Director of United Sports respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/indias-biggest-league/626797/|title=Indias biggest league|first=Sukalp|last=Sharma|access-date=16 July 2021|website=financialexpress.com|publisher=The Financial Express|date=30 May 2010|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716072459/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/indias-biggest-league/626797/}}</ref> The club in headquartered in 33/8, Nabi Krishna Ghoshal Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/chirag-united-sc/8249/|title=Team profile — United Sports Club|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405051523/https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/chirag-united-sc/8249/|website=us.soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center"
|-
!Period
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor
|-
|2007–2011
|rowspan=3|
|Chirag Computers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2011-12/|title=Prayag United SC team analysis and season preview 2011–12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111025249/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/prayag-united-sc-team-analysis-and-season-preview-2011-12/|archive-date=11 November 2017|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|location=Kolkata|date=9 September 2011|first1=Sachin|last1=Madaan|access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2011–2013
|Prayag Group<ref name="Goal.com – Prayag"/>
|-
|2013–2014
|
|-
|2015–2018
|Vamos
|Krishi Bharati<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.krishibharati.com/social-welfare-2/|title=Krishi Bharati — Social Welfare: Overview|access-date=27 November 2023|location=Kolkata|website=krishibharati.com|publisher=Krishi Bharati|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127165313/https://www.krishibharati.com/social-welfare-2/|archive-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Stadium==
[[File:Kalyani Stadium 05.JPG|thumb|250px|An outside view of the Kalyani Municipal Corporation Stadium]]

United Sports Club currently plays at the 20,000 seating [[Kalyani Stadium|Kalyani Municipal Corporation Stadium]] in [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]].<ref>{{cite web|title=UNITED VS. BENGALURU 1 – 3|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/13/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/bengaluru/1585417/|work=Soccerway|access-date=16 March 2014|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316201024/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/13/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/bengaluru/1585417/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.bongfootball.in/i-league-2-set-to-kick-off-exciting-2023-24-season-with-8-clubs-in-the-fray/|title=I-League 2 Set to Kick Off Exciting 2023-24 Season with 8 Clubs in the Fray|date=8 January 2024|access-date=20 January 2024|website=en.bongfootball.in|publisher=Bong Football News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109043700/https://en.bongfootball.in/i-league-2-set-to-kick-off-exciting-2023-24-season-with-8-clubs-in-the-fray/|archive-date=9 January 2024}}</ref> Though the officials initially said that club would move to [[Siliguri]], they have decided to stay in Kalyani for the 2013–14 season and continued there.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Kaushik|last=Saha|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/i-league-mid-term-review/|title=I-League 2013-14 : Mid-Season Review|website=goaldentimes.org|publisher=Golden Times|date=10 January 2014|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909224830/http://www.goaldentimes.org/i-league-mid-term-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Salt Lake Stadium - Yuva Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|The Salt Lake Stadium]]

Previously, the club used the iconic [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Majumder|first1=Debashis|title=Winning start of Chirag United in I-League 2010-11..|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/dec1stpart_2010.html|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football|access-date=12 December 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102833/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/dec1stpart_2010.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Atanu|last1=Mitra|first2=Brendon|last2=Netto|title=United Sports Club 2–0 Rangdajied United FC: Ranti and Eric seal the win for the hosts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122546/united-sports-club-vs-rangdajied-united-fc/report|website=goal.com |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=22 September 2013|access-date=22 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923022146/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122546/united-sports-club-vs-rangdajied-united-fc/report|archive-date=23 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml |title=Stadiums in India |publisher=World Stadiums |access-date=2014-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924095432/http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml |archive-date=24 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> for their home matches of the I-League<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccerlens.com/largest-football-stadiums/36427/|title=The 10 largest football stadiums in the world: #2 – Salt Lake Stadium (Kolkata, India)|website=soccerlens.com|publisher=Sports Lens|date=24 November 2009|access-date=24 November 2009|archive-date=26 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126003534/http://soccerlens.com/largest-football-stadiums/36427/|first=Chris|last=Mann}}</ref> and the Calcutta Football League.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sengupta |first=Rahul |title=I-League: Three Points For Chirag As AIFF XI Rue Missed Opportunities |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/53255/united-sports-club-vs-indian-arrows/report |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411013209/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/53255/united-sports-club-vs-indian-arrows/report |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |website=goal.com |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |access-date=12 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prayag United 5–1 Air India: Ranti Martins' hat-trick grounds the Airmen|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|website=goal.com |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|access-date=19 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091417/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

==Players==
===First-team squad===
{{updated|August 2024}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Raunak Ghosh}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Ankan Bhattacherjee}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sourendra Nath Biswas}}
{{Fs player|no=5|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Pravat Soren|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Aditya Thapa}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Prasanta Das}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Tarak Hembram}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Sahil Harijan}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Sujal Munda}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sayan Sarkar}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Bijay Bahadur Gurung}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sudipta Malakar}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Dipankar Tudu}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Suman Sarkar}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sumit Goswami}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Rahul Kuddus Purkaite}}
{{Fs player|no=20|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=B lalramthlengliana}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ranjit Das}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Dipesh Murmu}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ajay Murmu}}
{{Fs player|no=29|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Amit Basak}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Sourav Samanta}}
{{Fs player|no=34|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Gopal Pal}}
{{Fs player|no=36|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Rohmingthanga}}
{{Fs player|no=42|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Surojit Roy}}
{{Fs end}}

==Notable players==
{{See also|Category:United SC players}}
'''[[FIFA World Cup]] player'''
* {{flagicon|CRC}} [[Carlos Hernández (footballer, born 1982)|Carlos Hernández]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/06/27/3204161/carlos-hernandez-pens-a-one-year-deal-with-prayag-united |title=Carlos Hernandez pens a one year deal with Prayag United |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-date=30 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630020128/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/06/27/3204161/carlos-hernandez-pens-a-one-year-deal-with-prayag-united |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Carlos Hernández.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rican]] footballer Carlos Hernández, appeared in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], also played for the club from 2012 to 2013.]]

'''Foreign players'''
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Keegan Nash]] 2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/07/1547076/official-chirag-united-sign-australian-defender-keegan-nash|title=OFFICIAL: Chirag United Sign Australian Defender Keegan Nash — Goal.com|website=goal.com|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084438/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/07/1547076/official-chirag-united-sign-australian-defender-keegan-nash}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Eduardo Chacon Coelho Lacerda|Eduardo Du]] (2009–2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/form-favours-chirag-united-against-minnows-mumbai-fc_569443.html|title=Form favours Chirag United against minnows Mumbai FC|date=8 October 2009|publisher=|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084550/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/form-favours-chirag-united-against-minnows-mumbai-fc_569443.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/09/1550765/i-league-chirag-hold-on-for-win-over-mumbai-fc|title=I-League: Chirag Hold On For Win Over Mumbai FC — Goal.com|website=goal.com|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083508/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/09/1550765/i-league-chirag-hold-on-for-win-over-mumbai-fc}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Yusif Yakubu]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mergulhao|first1=Marcus|title=Striker Yakubu Yusif set to return to Churchill Brothers|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/striker-yakubu-yusif-set-to-return-to-churchill-brothers/articleshow/59946753.cms?|access-date=9 August 2017|work=The Times of India|date=7 August 2017|archive-date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814031729/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/striker-yakubu-yusif-set-to-return-to-churchill-brothers/articleshow/59946753.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Eric Brown (footballer)|Eric Brown]] (2013–2015)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/eric-brown/275282/|title=Liberia – E. Brown – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-04|archive-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505153338/https://int.soccerway.com/players/eric-brown/275282/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Churchill Brothers SC 2–1 United Sports Club: The Goan side held on to get off to a winning start|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122938/churchill-brothers-sc-vs-united-sports-club/report|work=Goal.com|accessdate=21 January 2014|archive-date=21 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121125905/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122938/churchill-brothers-sc-vs-united-sports-club/report|first1=Anselm|last1=Noronha|date=21 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Kayne Vincent]] (2011–2013)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/vincents-brace-helps-prayag-united-beat-hasc/article2615899.ece/|title=Vincent's brace helps Prayag United beat HASC|website=The Hindu|date=11 November 2011|access-date=15 July 2021|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715162842/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/vincents-brace-helps-prayag-united-beat-hasc/article2615899.ece/amp/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://oceaniafootballcenter.org/kayne-vincent/|title=Player profile: Kayne Vincent|access-date=16 March 2023|website=oceaniafootballcenter.org|date=14 December 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316145746/https://oceaniafootballcenter.org/kayne-vincent/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/57772/Kayne_Vincent.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Vincent, Kayne|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 January 2018|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007195432/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/57772/Kayne_Vincent.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Eugene Gray]] (2003–2006)<ref name="de">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2003.html|title=Season ending transfers 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000301/http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2003.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=indianfootball.de|date=2003|access-date=15 July 2021|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12403/Eugene_Gray.html|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Gray, Eugene|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718140428/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12403/Eugene_Gray.html|archive-date=18 July 2021|website=national-football-teams.com|access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] (2009–2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/edmilson-marques-pardal/72915/|title=Player profile – Career statistics: Edmilson Marques Pardal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816031441/https://us.soccerway.com/players/edmilson-marques-pardal/72915/|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=6 March 2023|archive-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]] (2012–2014)<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz|first=John|title=ONGC FC 1–1 Prayag United SC: Ten-man Oilmen hold Kolkatan outfit|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93677/ongc-fc-vs-prayag-united/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=20 January 2013|archive-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111044253/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93677/ongc-fc-vs-prayag-united/report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prayag United 5–1 Air India: Ranti Martins' hat-trick grounds the Airmen|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=10 November 2012|archive-date=4 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091417/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=East Bengal rope in Nigerian striker Ranti|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/East-Bengal-rope-in-Nigerian-striker-Ranti/articleshow/34485944.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 May 2014|archive-date=23 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523062955/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/East-Bengal-rope-in-Nigerian-striker-Ranti/articleshow/34485944.cms|agency=PTI|date=1 May 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Bello Razaq]] (2012–2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/east-bengal-gets-past-united-with-some-help-from-referee/article2488017.ece|title=East Bengal gets past United, with some help from referee|first1=Amitabha|last1=Das Sharma|location=Kolkata|date=27 September 2011|access-date=26 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901072017/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/east-bengal-gets-past-united-with-some-help-from-referee/article2488017.ece|work=The Mumbai Mirror|archive-date=1 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/others/mahindra-stand-united-against-eb/articleshow/15769598.html|title=Mahindra stand united against EB|date=24 December 2007|access-date=26 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901065830/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/others/mahindra-stand-united-against-eb/articleshow/15769598.html|work=The Mumbai Mirror|archive-date=1 September 2025|location=Mumbai}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Junior Obagbemiro]] (2010–2011)<ref>[http://www.hosurlocal.com/latest-national-news-salgaocar%20ropes%20in%20nigerian%20junior%20elijah%20oriade%20obagbemiro-sports-09-aug-2011-panaji-press%20trust%20of%20india-39571.html Salgaocar ropes in Nigerian Junior Elijah Oriade Obagbemiro]. {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130125152839/http://www.hosurlocal.com/latest-national-news-salgaocar%20ropes%20in%20nigerian%20junior%20elijah%20oriade%20obagbemiro-sports-09-aug-2011-panaji-press%20trust%20of%20india-39571.html |date=25 January 2013 }}. Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref>
* {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Isaac Boakye]] (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|title=Isaac Boakye|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2597/Isaac_Boakye.html|access-date=19 May 2021|website=national-football-teams.com|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215002054/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2597/Isaac_Boakye.html}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Ian Nekati]] (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://everythingforfootball.in/player/ian-nekati/|title=Player Information – Transfer History: Ian Samuel Nekati|website=everythingforfootball.in|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213172640/https://everythingforfootball.in/player/ian-nekati/|archive-date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.co.zw/clubs/zpc-kariba|title=Retainers List — ZPC KARIBA FOOTBALL CLUB|website=premierleague.co.zw|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202130638/https://www.premierleague.co.zw/clubs/zpc-kariba|archive-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>

'''Noted Indian internationals'''
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]] (2011) – all-time top goalscorer and most-capped player of the [[India national football team|India national team]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12944/Sunil_Chhetri.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Chhetri, Sunil|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925200859/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12944/Sunil_Chhetri.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepak Mondal]] (2011–2014) – recipient of both the Arjuna Award and AIFF Player of the Year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghoshal|first1=Amoy|title=Prayag United Sports Club Sign Experienced Defender Deepak Mandal|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/17/2624358/i-league-prayag-united-sports-club-sign-experienced-defender|access-date=9 July 2016|work=Goal.com|date=17 August 2011|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010231640/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/08/17/2624358/i-league-prayag-united-sports-club-sign-experienced-defender}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mitra|first1=Atanu|title=Deepak Mandal parts ways with United, joins East Bengal|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/05/09/4806551/deepak-mandal-parts-ways-with-united-joins-east-bengal|access-date=9 July 2016|work=Goal.com|date=9 May 2014|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010231859/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/05/09/4806551/deepak-mandal-parts-ways-with-united-joins-east-bengal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Award winning Footballers|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=IndianFootball|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=2000|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001123849/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhose|first1=Baidurjo|title=Footballer Deepak Mondal finally gets the Arjuna|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/footballer-deepak-mondal-finally-gets-the-arjuna-81920-2010-09-12|access-date=9 July 2016|work=India Today|date=13 September 2010|archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818114824/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/footballer-deepak-mondal-finally-gets-the-arjuna-/1/112430.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mondal chosen 'Player of the year'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/12/31/stories/2002123101011900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030910103853/http://www.thehindu.com/2002/12/31/stories/2002123101011900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 September 2003|access-date=9 July 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 December 2002}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Paul]] (2012–2013) – former India captain, recipient of Arjuna Award.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paul for United|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120510/jsp/sports/story_15473066.jsp#2|work=The Calcutta Telegraph|access-date=10 May 2012|location=Calcutta, India|date=10 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708144324/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120510/jsp/sports/story_15473066.jsp#2|archive-date=8 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy|title=I-League: Rangdajied United to loan Gouramangi, Subrata and three more IMG-R players|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/league-rangdajied-united-loan-gouramangi-091836612.html|work=Yahoo News|access-date=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204003740/http://in.news.yahoo.com/league-rangdajied-united-loan-gouramangi-091836612.html|archive-date=4 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prayag United 5–1 Air India: Ranti Martins' hat-trick grounds the Airmen|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=19 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091417/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93651/prayag-united-vs-air-india/report|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS — Football {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|archive-date=25 December 2007|access-date=25 December 2007|website=yas.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=12 September 2020|df=dmy-all|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf}}</ref>

==Honours==
===League===
* '''[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]'''
**Third place (1): [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]] (as ''Chirag United'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/india/i-league-2nd-division/2008/final-group/r6523/|title=I-League 2nd Division|website=Soccerway|access-date=22 February 2021|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319081736/https://int.soccerway.com/national/india/i-league-2nd-division/2008/final-group/r6523/}}</ref>
*'''[[Calcutta Football League]]'''
**Runners-up (2): 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/cfl-2019-resembles-1958-league-matches-1.1044901|title=আটান্নর মতো কড়া লড়াই দেখা যাচ্ছে এই লিগেও|trans-title=A tough fight like 1958 is also being witnessed in this season's league|language=bn|website=abandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|location=Kolkata|date=13 September 2019|first1=Hariprasad|last1=Chattopadhyay|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926054109/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/cfl-2019-resembles-1958-league-matches-1.1044901}}</ref> [[2025 CFL Premier Division|2025]]
**Third place (1): 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-reg07.html|title=India 2007 Regional Championships|date=14 February 2019|first1=Arunava|last1=Chaudhuri|work=RSSSF|access-date=26 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220145303/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-reg07.html|archive-date=20 February 2025}}</ref>
*'''[[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta Premier Division B]]'''
**Champions (1): [[2019 CFL Premier Division#Premier Division B|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_2019-20/premier_table_2019.html|title=Calcutta Football League Premier Division B — Championship Round|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football News|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405051523/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_2019-20/premier_table_2019.html|archive-date=5 April 2023|access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

===Cup===
* '''[[Durand Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): [[2010 Durand Cup|2010]] (as ''Chirag United'')<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html List of Durand Cup Finals]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729142839/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html |date=29 July 2014 }}. ''rsssf.com (India)''. [[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chirag United lifts Durand Cup|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article872946.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 August 2013|archive-date=11 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111014958/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article872946.ece}}</ref>
**Runners-up (1): [[2011 Durand Cup|2011]] (as ''Prayag United'')<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kolkatafootball.com/durand_cup_2011/final_round.html |title=124 Durand Cup | kolkatafootball.com|Indian Football News |access-date=2011-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006154424/http://kolkatafootball.com/durand_cup_2011/final_round.html |archive-date=2011-10-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''[[IFA Shield]]'''<ref group="note">[[List of oldest football competitions|Fourth oldest football tournament]], organized by the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] ([[West Bengal|W.B.]]), and played between the local clubs of [[West Bengal]] and other invited ones.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somnath |title=The Glorious History Of IFA Shield |url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/the-glorious-history-of-ifa-shield/ |website=thehardtackle.com |publisher=The Hard Tackle |date=8 March 2011 |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181925/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/the-glorious-history-of-ifa-shield/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
**Champions (2): [[2013 IFA Shield|2013]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Nilesh|title=I-League side ONGC have been drafted in the IFA Shield as a last-minute replacement of Muktijoddha Sanshad of Bangladesh. ONGC will be grouped with East Bengal, United SC and Arrows in Pool A and will take East Bengal in their first match in Siliguri on Wednesday.|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/I-League-side-ONGC-have-been-drafted-in-the-IFA-Shield-as-a-last-minute-replacement-of-Muktijoddha-Sanshad-of-Bangaldesh-ONGC-will-be-grouped-with-East-Bengal-United-SC-and-Arrows-in-Pool-A-and-will-take-East-Bengal-in-their-first-match-in-Siliguri-on-Wednesday-/articleshow/18792962.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 March 2013|access-date=26 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507205456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/I-League-side-ONGC-have-been-drafted-in-the-IFA-Shield-as-a-last-minute-replacement-of-Muktijoddha-Sanshad-of-Bangaldesh-ONGC-will-be-grouped-with-East-Bengal-United-SC-and-Arrows-in-Pool-A-and-will-take-East-Bengal-in-their-first-match-in-Siliguri-on-Wednesday-/articleshow/18792962.cms|archive-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> 2015 (as ''U-19 team'')
**Runners-up (2): 2005 (as ''Eveready Association''),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html|title=India 2005/06|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114172539/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india06.html#nfl1|archive-date=14 November 2013}}</ref> 2012<ref name="report">{{cite news|title=116th IFA SHIELD : "Gurpreet is the hero of the match today" James Morgan.|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2012/mar21stpart_2012.html|work=Kolkata Football|date=16 March 2012|access-date=21 June 2021|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202816/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2012/mar21stpart_2012.html}}</ref>
**Third place (1): 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=United SC settle for 3rd place in IFA Shield|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sc-settle-for-3rd-place-in-ifa-shield/articleshow/30356713.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|agency=PTI|date=13 February 2014|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417135308/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sc-settle-for-3rd-place-in-ifa-shield/articleshow/30356713.cms|archive-date=17 April 2025}}</ref>
* '''[[All Airlines Gold Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2003<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2003-04s.html|title=2003/04 Season in Indian Football|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117042721/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2003-04s.html|archive-date=17 January 2020|publisher=Indian Football Network|url-status=dead}}</ref> (as ''Eveready Association'')<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhary|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Airlines Gold Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024223328/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''[[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2004 (as ''Eveready Association'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|title=India – List of All India Governor's Gold Cup Winners (Sikkim)|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507053015/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006211012/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|archive-date=6 October 2021|url-status=dead|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref>
* '''[[Kalinga Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2005<ref name="Kalinga Cup">{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005-06s.html|title=2005/06 Season in Indian Football|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109192919/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005-06s.html|archive-date=9 January 2021|publisher=Indian Football Network|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Trades Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans|last=Schöggl|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-tradescup.html|title=India — List of Trades Cup Winners|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=2014|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927050302/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-tradescup.html|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
**Champions (1): 2007<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2007tradescup.html|title="Celebration" Trades Cup 2007|website=indianfootball.de|date=2007|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222953/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2007tradescup.html|archive-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
**Runners-up (1): 2006<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2006-07s.html|title=2006/07 Season in Indian Football|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123174000/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2006-07s.html|archive-date=23 November 2021|publisher=Indian Football Network|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''EK Nayanar Memorial Gold Cup'''
**Champions (2): 2005,<ref name="achievements">{{cite web|url=http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/profile.php|title=PROFILE OF THE CLUB — Achievements: United SC|access-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201181401/http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/profile.php|archive-date=1 December 2017|website=unitedsportsclub.in|location=Kolkata}}</ref> 2011{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}
* '''Amta Sanhati Gold Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/soccer-mania-at-amta/cid/1323611|title=Soccer mania at Amta|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph India]]|location=Kolkata|date=20 March 2015|access-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029130437/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/soccer-mania-at-amta/cid/1323611|archive-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
*'''Kalna Independence Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2016<ref name="achievements"/>
*'''Naihati Gold Cup'''
**Runners-up (1): 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kolkata24x7.in/sports-news/united-sports-runners-up-at-naihati-gold-cup/|title=নৈহাটী গোল্ড কাপ: প্লাজার জোড়া গোল, চ্যাম্পিয়ন জায়ান্ট কিলার ভবানীপুর|trans-title=Naihati Gold Cup: Plaza doubles, champions Giant Killer Bhawanipore|website=kolkata24x7.in|publisher=Kolkata 24×7|date=14 August 2022|access-date=29 October 2022|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816173504/https://kolkata24x7.in/sports-news/united-sports-runners-up-at-naihati-gold-cup/|archive-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>
*'''Madhyamgram MLA Cup'''
**Runners-up (1): 2022–23<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengal-fc-reserve-team-won-the-mla-cup-2022-23/|title=East Bengal FC Reserve Team Won The MLA Cup 2022–23|date=15 January 2023|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115154538/https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengal-fc-reserve-team-won-the-mla-cup-2022-23/|archive-date=15 January 2023|first=Rajarshi|last=Ghosh|website=eastbengaltherealpower.com|publisher=East Bengal the Real Power}}</ref>

==Team records==
=== Notable wins against foreign teams ===

{{updated|matches played 8 February 2014}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%; width:95%; text-align:center"
|-
!width="12%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Competition
!width="6%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Round
!width="10%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Year
!width="13%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Opposition
!width="5%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Score
!width="13%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Venue
!width="7%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|City
!width="7%" style="background:Blue; color:white; text-align:center;"|Ref
|-
|[[Kalinga Cup]]
|Group stage
|2005
<td align="left">{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Badda Jagoroni Sangsad]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"|4–2
|align=left|[[Barabati Stadium]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|<ref name="Badda"/>
|-
|[[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]]
|Final
|2005
<td align="left">{{flagicon|NEP}} [[Nepal national football team|ANFA XI]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"|1–1 {{pso|4–2}}
|align=left|[[Paljor Stadium]]
|[[Gangtok]]
|<ref name="Sikkim">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india05.html#sikkimgov|title=India 2004/05: Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=28 February 2021|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130095905/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india05.html#sikkimgov|first1=Arunava|last1=Chaudhuri|date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[IFA Shield]]
|Semi-finals
|2013
<td align="left">{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Deportivo Saprissa S.A.D.|Deportivo Saprissa]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"|2–1
|[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/ifa-shield-prayag-united-beat-deportivo-saprissa-to-enter-final-1539492|date=15 March 2013|access-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127112613/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/ifa-shield-prayag-united-beat-deportivo-saprissa-to-enter-final-1539492|title=IFA Shield: Prayag United beat Deportivo Saprissa to enter final|archive-date=27 November 2024|work=NDTV Sports|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|-
|IFA Shield
|Group stage
|2014
<td align="left">{{flagicon|KOR}} Busan Sun Moon
|style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"|2–1
|align=left|[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}
|-
|IFA Shield
|Group stage
|2014
<td align="left">{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Geylang International FC|Geylang International]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"|2–1
|align=left|Salt Lake Stadium
|Kolkata
|{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}
|}

===Seasonal records===
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center"
|-
|bgcolor=gold|1st or W||Winners
|-
|bgcolor=silver|2nd or RU||Runners-up
|-
|bgcolor=#F0FFF0| {{Up-arrow|alt=promoted}} ||[[Promotion and relegation|Promoted]]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFE4E1| {{Down-arrow|alt=relegated}} ||[[Promotion and relegation|Relegated]]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFE4B5| ♦ ||Top scorer in division
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Results of league and cup competitions by season
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="2" scope="col"|Season
!scope="col"|Division
!width="20" scope="col"|P
!width="20" scope="col"|W
!width="20" scope="col"|D
!width="20" scope="col"|L
!width="20" scope="col"|F
!width="20" scope="col"|A
!width="20" scope="col"|Pts
!scope="col"|Pos
!rowspan="2" width=6% scope="col" class="unsortable" |[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
!rowspan="2" scope="col"|[[Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
!rowspan="2" scope="col"|[[Asian Football Confederation#Competitions|Asia]]
!rowspan="2" scope="col"|Round reached
!scope="col"|Name
!scope="col"|Goals
|- class="unsortable"
!colspan="9" scope="col"|League
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Top goalscorer
|-
!scope="row"|[[National Football League Second Division (India)|2007]]
| NFL2
| 5
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 6
| 5
| 7
| 3rd
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[2008 I-League 2nd Division|2008]]
|bgcolor=gold|[[2008 I-League 2nd Division|IL2]]
| 5
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 9
| 4
| 13
| 1st
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]]
|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|[[2008–09 I-League|IL]]
| 22
| 6
| 8
| 8
| 20
| 26
| 26
| 8th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]]
|[[2009–10 I-League|IL]]
| 26
| 8
| 8
| 10
| 33
| 39
| 32
| 8th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]]
| 9
|-
!scope="row"|[[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]
| [[2010–11 I-League|IL]]
| 26
| 5
| 14
| 7
| 31
| 36
| 29
| 8th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
| 7
|-
!scope="row"|[[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]]
| [[2011–12 I-League|IL]]
| 26
| 11
| 9
| 6
| 41
| 29
| 42
| 7th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Yusif Yakubu]]
| 12
|-
!scope="row"|[[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]
| [[2012-13 I-League|IL]]
| 26
| 13
| 5
| 8
| 55
| 35
| 44
| 4th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|bgcolor=#FFE4B5| {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]]
| 26
|-
!scope="row"|[[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]]
|bgcolor=#FFE4E1|[[2013-14 I-League|IL]]
| 24
| 5
| 11
| 8
| 22
| 32
| 26
| 10th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Eric Brown (footballer)|Eric Brown]]
| 10
|-
!scope="row"|[[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]]
| [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|IL2]]
| 14
| 5
| 2
| 7
| 24
| 28
| 17
| 5th
| Group
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]
| [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|IL2]]
| 10
| 5
| 2
| 3
| 16
| 14
| 17
| 5th
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[I-League 2|2023–24]]
| [[I-League 2|IL2]]
| 14
| 4
| 3
| 7
| 18
| 21
| 15
| 6th
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sahil Harijan
| 11th
|}

===Other records===
* United SC's biggest margin win in domestic football: 10–1 vs [[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]] (10 November 2012; [[I-League]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/not-just-about-the-money-1540450129683.html|title=Not just about the money — Bhaichung Bhutia's United Sikkim FC faces challenges that test him as an administrator|date=5 December 2012|access-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030154103/https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/not-just-about-the-money-1540450129683.html|archive-date=30 October 2023|location=Gangtok|work=LiveMint.com|first1=Nikhilesh|last1=Bhattacharya}}</ref>
* Highest goalscorer in a single edition of [[I-League]], while representing United SC (then known as Prayag United): {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]] (with 26 goals in [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]] season), also won "Best Player of the I-League" award by the [[All India Football Federation]] as well as the "Best Forward" award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prayag United's Ranti Martins adjudged 'Best Player' of I-League|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/209572-prayag-uniteds-ranti-martins-adjudged-best-player-of-i-league|work=NDTV Sports|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-date=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183550/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/209572-prayag-uniteds-ranti-martins-adjudged-best-player-of-i-league|date=21 June 2013|agency=Press Trust of India|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
* Highest goalscorer in a single edition of [[I-League 2]], while representing United SC: {{flagicon|IND}} Sahil Harijan (with 11 goals in [[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]] season).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|title=16 tournaments, 11,000 players: A hectic 2023–24 domestic season with class and character|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618135956/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|archive-date=18 June 2024|location=New Delhi|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team}}</ref>

==Managerial records==
* {{plain link|https://web.archive.org/web/20200222133028/http://www.unitedsportsclub.in/coaches-history.php|List of United SC head coaches/managers}}

==Other departments==
===Football: youth section and academy===
In 2013, United SC launched its U20 team to participate in the [[Elite League (India)]] as Prayag United U20<ref>{{cite web|title=U20 I-League: Champions Pune FC sign off on all-win note, down Prayag Utd 3–1|url=http://punefc.com/?news=u20-i-league-champions-pune-fc-sign-off-on-all-win-note-down-prayag-utd-3-1|website=punefc.com|publisher=Pune Football Club|access-date=28 July 2012|archive-date=31 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000500/http://punefc.com/?news=u20-i-league-champions-pune-fc-sign-off-on-all-win-note-down-prayag-utd-3-1|date=18 May 2012|location=Pune, Maharashtra}}</ref> and competed in 2012 and [[2013 I-League U20]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AIFF Moots U-15 & U-18 I-League For Clubs & Academies|url=http://i-league.org/aiff-moots-u-15-u-18-i-league-for-clubs-academies/|website=I-League.org|access-date=30 October 2015|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108155113/http://i-league.org/aiff-moots-u-15-u-18-i-league-for-clubs-academies/|url-status=dead|publisher=Hero I-League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kolkatafootballs.com/aiff_u20_ileague_2012/index.html |title=AIFF U20 : Fixtures and Results |access-date=22 April 2012 |archive-date=22 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422180750/http://www.kolkatafootballs.com/aiff_u20_ileague_2012/index.html |website=kolkatafootball.com }}</ref> The club's U19 team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/united-u19/27396/|title=UNITED SC UNDER 19 — Matches — U19 I-League|website=int.soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130192629/http://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/united-u19/27396/|archive-date=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|title=I-League (under-19) 2008/09|work=indianfootball.de|date=2008|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718223024/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> was formed in 2010 and competed in the [[2010 I-League U19|2010]] and 2012 editions of U19 I-League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/index.php?tournamentdetail=91 |title=Participating Clubs >> U-20 I League (2012) |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=All India Football Federation |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411200515/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/index.php?tournamentdetail=91 }}</ref> They later participated in the league during the [[2014–15 I-League U19]] season from group A – ''Kolkata'' zone and moved to final round.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/?page_id=10667|title=U-19 I-League — KOLKATA ZONE — Results and league table|website=i-league.org|publisher=All India Football Federation|location=New Delhi|date=2014|access-date=26 September 2014|archive-date=19 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319081913/http://i-league.org/?page_id=10667|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/hindustan-fc-in-final-round/article6867066.ece|title=Hindustan FC in final round|website=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu|date=7 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815054031/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/hindustan-fc-in-final-round/article6867066.ece|archive-date=15 August 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-kolkata-zone-finalists-confirmed/ |publisher=I-LEAGUE Media Team |website=i-league.org |location=New Delhi |access-date=18 January 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118183737/http://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-kolkata-zone-finalists-confirmed/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2015 |title=U-19 I-League Kolkata zone finalists confirmed |date=8 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name=Captain>{{cite news|title=U-19 I-League Focus: Hindustan FC|url=https://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-focus-hindustan-fc/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=i-league.org|date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909172429/https://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-focus-hindustan-fc/|archive-date=9 September 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> They have also participated in 2017–18 edition of youth league.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/fixtures-page/u-18-youth-league/|website=i-league.org|publisher=The Hero I-League|title=Fixtures: Hero U-18 YL|access-date=7 November 2018|archive-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145606/https://i-league.org/fixtures-page/u-18-youth-league/}}</ref> Club's under-19 team also took part in IFA U19 Calcutta Football League.<ref>Scroll down to read the short news titled "Chirag win": {{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-06-01-2011/cid/444162|title=IN THE CITY 06-01-2011 — Chirag Win|date=6 January 2011|access-date=26 December 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114133052/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-06-01-2011/cid/444162|archive-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

United SC's reserve team also participated in regional tournaments like All India Steel Express Football Championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avenuemail.in/all-india-steel-express-football-tournament-tfa-trounce-usc-4-2-in-tiebreaker/|title=All India Steel Express Football Tournament : TFA trounce USC 4–2 in tiebreaker|website=avenuemail.in|publisher=Avenue Mail India|location=Chakradharpur|date=12 February 2019|access-date=28 November 2020|first1=|last1=|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101105040/https://avenuemail.in/all-india-steel-express-football-tournament-tfa-trounce-usc-4-2-in-tiebreaker/}}</ref> The club has been operating United Sports Football School for youth development, having two campuses in Shyamnagar, and Doon Heritage School in Siliguri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theunitedsportsclub.in/football-schools/|title=UNITED SPORTS FOOTBALL SCHOOLS|access-date=27 May 2023|website=theunitedsportsclub.in|archive-date=27 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527162328/https://theunitedsportsclub.in/football-schools/}}</ref> In December 2023, football academy of United SC gained 'elite category' accreditation by the [[All India Football Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of AIFF accredited 'Elite Category' academies for 2023–24 season |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-12-indian-football-aiff-accredited-elite-category-academy-list |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=khelnow.com |publisher=Khel Now News |first1=Rahul |last1=Patra |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214082259/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-12-indian-football-aiff-accredited-elite-category-academy-list |archive-date=14 December 2023 }}</ref>

;Honours
*'''[[IFA Shield]]'''<ref group="note">From 2015 to [[2018 IFA Shield|2018]], the IFA Shield was designed as an youth tournament wherein youth teams of all divisions were allowed to participate (ref.: {{cite news|title=IFA Shield now U-19 tournament|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150110/jsp/sports/story_19317306.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127203503/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150110/jsp/sports/story_19317306.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2016|access-date=16 February 2016|work=Telegraph India|date=10 January 2015}}).</ref>
**Winners (1): 2015<ref>{{cite web|author=Hans Schöggl & Karel Stokkermans|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india2015.html|title=India tournaments 2014/15|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008052900/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india2015.html|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
*'''IFA U19 Calcutta Football League'''
**Runners-up (1): 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ifa-academy-beat-the-chirag-united-sc-under-19-side-1-0-in-the-final-of-the-ifa-under-19-calcutta-league-match-in-kolkata-on-saturday-javed-ansai-scored-the-winning-goal-for-ifa-academy-/articleshow/7242579.cms|title=IFA Academy beat the Chirag United SC under-19 side 1–0 in the final of the IFA U19 Calcutta Football League|first1=Abhishek|last1=Ganguly|date=8 January 2011|access-date=26 December 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=The Times of India|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ifa-academy-beat-the-chirag-united-sc-under-19-side-1-0-in-the-final-of-the-ifa-under-19-calcutta-league-match-in-kolkata-on-saturday-javed-ansai-scored-the-winning-goal-for-ifa-academy-/articleshow/7242579.cms?from=mdr|agency=TNN|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>
*'''Krishanu Dey U19 Championship'''
** Runners-up (1): 2004<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-colts-annex-trophy/cid/1049096|title=East Bengal colts annex trophy|website=telegraphindia.com|location=Kolkata|date=29 September 2004|publisher=The Telegraph India|access-date=17 July 2021|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717153703/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-colts-annex-trophy/cid/1049096}}</ref>
*'''[[Dream11|Dream Sports]] Championship''' ('''Kolkata Leg''')
**Runners-up (1): 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iftwc.com/dream-sports-championship-ebfc-qualify-for-nat-final/|title=Dream Sports Championship 2024 – Kolkata Leg witnesses Penalty shootout drama as East Bengal qualifies for National Final|website=iftwc.com|publisher=Indian Football Team for World Cup|date=7 April 2024|access-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407154414/https://iftwc.com/dream-sports-championship-ebfc-qualify-for-nat-final/|archive-date=7 April 2024|location=Kolkata}}</ref>

===Men's cricket===
United SC operates men's [[cricket]] team which is affiliated to the [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] (CAB).

;Honours
*'''CC&FC Merchant's Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2021–22<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccfc1792.com/pdf/CCFC-Annual-Report-2022.pdf|title=Calcutta Cricket & Football Club – 19/1, Gurusaday Road, Kolkata {{!}} 19th Annual Reports 2021–22|work=ccfc1792.com|access-date=31 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604170605/https://www.ccfc1792.com/pdf/CCFC-Annual-Report-2022.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Association football|India}}
* [[Football in Kolkata]]
* [[List of football clubs in West Bengal|List of football clubs in Kolkata]]
* [[List of football clubs in India]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}
*{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/sanjoy-sen-katsumi-yusa-sony-norde-mohun-bagan-chennai-city-fc-i-league-1120985-2018-01-02|title=Mohun Bagan coach Sanjoy Sen steps down after loss to Chennai City FC|date=2 January 2018|first=Abreshmina S.|last=Quadri|website=indiatoday.com|publisher=[[India Today]]|language=en|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609052328/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/sanjoy-sen-katsumi-yusa-sony-norde-mohun-bagan-chennai-city-fc-i-league-1120985-2018-01-02}}
*{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}
*{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}
*{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}
*{{cite web |title=Football in Bengali culture and society: a study in the social history of football in Bengal 1911–1980 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 |publisher=University of Calcutta |website=[[Shodhganga]] |page=35 |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Kausik |date=2008 |hdl=10603/174532 |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174156/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 }}

===Further reading===
*{{cite web|date=23 September 2013|first1=Atanu|last1=Mitra|first2=Brendon|last2=Netto|title=United Sports Club 2–0 Rangdajied United FC: Ranti and Eric seal the win for the hosts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122546/united-sports-club-vs-rangdajied-united-fc/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=22 September 2013|archive-date=23 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923022146/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122546/united-sports-club-vs-rangdajied-united-fc/report}}
*{{cite news|first=Rahul|last=Bhutani|title=I-League Division 2 : Mohammedan Sporting, Mumbai Tigers Start As Favorites|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/i-league-division-2-mohammedan-sporting-mumbai-tigers-start-as-favorites/|date=29 March 2013|access-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522073914/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/i-league-division-2-mohammedan-sporting-mumbai-tigers-start-as-favorites/|archive-date=22 May 2013}}
*{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=12 January 2017|title=Rowllin Borges: Rowllin Borges raises the bar higher for 2017 {{!}} Goa News|location=Panaji |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/rowllin-raises-the-bar-higher-for-2017/articleshow/56479657.cms|access-date=2021-03-29|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422121118/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/rowllin-raises-the-bar-higher-for-2017/articleshow/56479657.cms}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ileague-leaders-prayag-cautious-about-title-dream/1021672/|title=I-league leaders Prayag cautious about title dream |website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=5 January 2020 |date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609051441/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ileague-leaders-prayag-cautious-about-title-dream/1021672/ |archive-date=9 June 2023 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |agency=Press Trust of India }}
*{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Oct 23, 2011|title=Sporting hold Prayag United 2–2 in I-league tie {{!}} Football News|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/sporting-hold-prayag-united-2-2-in-i-league-tie/articleshow/10465974.cms|access-date=2021-03-29|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|archive-date=25 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025020809/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Sporting-hold-Prayag-United-2-2-in-I-league-tie/articleshow/10465974.cms}}
*{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/mumbai-fc-sign-two-foreign-players/article8034310.ece/|title=Mumbai FC sign two foreign players|date=27 December 2015|agency=PTI|access-date=15 January 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|archive-date=24 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724074707/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/mumbai-fc-sign-two-foreign-players/article8034310.ece}}
*{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-05-i-league-shillong-lajong-promoted|title=Shillong Lajong secure promotion to I-League 2023–24|date=21 May 2023|access-date=22 May 2023|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now|first=Alen Philip|last=Mathew|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522174632/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-05-i-league-shillong-lajong-promoted|archive-date=22 May 2023}}
*{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-05-i-league-shillong-lajong-promotion|title=Retracing Shillong Lajong's journey back to I-League|date=23 May 2023|access-date=24 May 2023|publisher=Khel Now|website=khelnow.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524113449/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-05-i-league-shillong-lajong-promotion|archive-date=24 May 2023}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/07/1547076/official-chirag-united-sign-australian-defender-keegan-nash|title=OFFICIAL: Chirag United Sign Australian Defender Keegan Nash — Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084438/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/07/1547076/official-chirag-united-sign-australian-defender-keegan-nash}}
*{{Cite web|title=123RD IFA SHIELD RESULTS 2020–21: Awards after the FINAL (VYBK)|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/123_ifa_shield_2020-21/shield_result.html|date=19 December 2020|access-date=2020-12-20|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121071852/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/123_ifa_shield_2020-21/shield_result.html}}
*{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/form-favours-chirag-united-against-minnows-mumbai-fc_569443.html|title=Form favours Chirag United against minnows Mumbai FC|date=8 October 2009|publisher=|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084550/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/form-favours-chirag-united-against-minnows-mumbai-fc_569443.html}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/09/1550765/i-league-chirag-hold-on-for-win-over-mumbai-fc|title=I-League: Chirag Hold On For Win Over Mumbai FC — Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083508/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/10/09/1550765/i-league-chirag-hold-on-for-win-over-mumbai-fc}}
*{{cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/19376-highlights-mohammedan-sporting-off-to-seven-star-start-in-cfl-2023|title=HIGHLIGHTS: Mohammedan Sporting off to seven star start in CFL 2023|website=thefangarage.com|publisher=The Fan Garage|date=12 July 2023|access-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719050948/https://thefangarage.com/articles/19376-highlights-mohammedan-sporting-off-to-seven-star-start-in-cfl-2023|archive-date=19 July 2023}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://kolkatafootballacademy.com/our-team/|title=Kolkata Football Academy — Our Coaches: Goutam Debnath (Academy Coach)|website=kolkatafootballacademy.com|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728073739/https://kolkatafootballacademy.com/our-team/}}
*{{cite web|date=25 September 2017|first1=Joe|last1=Williams|url=https://khelnow.com/football/goa-maha-derby-i-league|title=The Goa and Maha Derby: A thing past in I-League|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720065558/https://khelnow.com/football/goa-maha-derby-i-league|archive-date=20 July 2021|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now News|access-date=20 July 2021}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/indian-football-problems-article-part-two-mithun-bhowmick-58095/|title=ভারতীয় ফুটবলের অসুখসমূহ: পর্ব – ২|trans-title=Diseases of Indian football: Episode – 2|first1=Mithun|last1=Bhowmick|location=Kolkata|publisher=IE Bangla Sports Desk|website=bengali.indianexpress.com|agency=Indian Express News Service|language=bn|date=15 December 2018|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=15 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115165835/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/indian-football-problems-article-part-two-mithun-bhowmick-58095/}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xnKJleyLIrReFHjpIYSx9M/Suspects-vs-outsiders.html|date=19 October 2011|access-date=8 January 2023|title=Indian football: Suspects vs outsiders|first1=Mario|last1=Rodrigues|website=livemint.com|publisher=LiveMint News|location=Mumbai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601004022/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xnKJleyLIrReFHjpIYSx9M/Suspects-vs-outsiders.html|archive-date=1 June 2018}}
*{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|title=The League of foreign coaches|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|first1=Marcus|last1=Mergulhao|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|location=Margao|date=29 September 2008|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616070718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|archive-date=16 June 2024}}
*{{cite web|date=29 April 2023|url=https://highlandpost.com/second-division-league-lajong-into-final-round-after-pummelling-east-bengal/|title=Second Division League: Lajong into final round after pummelling East Bengal|work=Highland Post|accessdate=30 April 2023|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430120051/https://highlandpost.com/second-division-league-lajong-into-final-round-after-pummelling-east-bengal/}}

==External links==
*[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/chirag-united-sc/8249/ United SC] at Soccerway
*[https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/prayag-united-sc/1698/ United SC] at Global Sports Archive

{{Prayag United S.C.}}
{{Durand winners}}
{{I-League 2nd Division}}
{{Football in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}

[[Category:United SC| ]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1927]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Kolkata]]
[[Category:I-League clubs]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in India]]
[[Category:I-League 2 clubs]]

Toon Disney

2026-02-09T07:19:30Z

Meet:

{{Short description|Former American children's television channel}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Toon Disney
| logo = Toon Disney logo.svg
| logo_size = 175px
| logo_caption =
| launch_date = {{Start date|1998|4|18}}
| closed_date = {{End date|2009|2|13}} (in the United States)
| picture_format = {{ubl|[[720p]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]])|[[480i]] ([[Standard-definition television|SDTV]])}}
| owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] ([[Disney-ABC Television Group]])
| country = United States
| language = English and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (via [[Second audio program|SAP]] audio track), in the United States
| headquarters = {{plainlist|
* [[Burbank, California]], U.S.
}}
| replaced_by = {{ubl|[[Disney XD]] ([[United States]]|[[Japan]], and [[India]])
[[Disney Cinemagic]] ([[Europe]])}}
| website =
| sister_channels = {{ubl|[[Disney Channel]]|[[Playhouse Disney]]}}
| timeshift_service =
}}

'''Toon Disney''' was an American multinational [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Disney Branded Television]], a subsidiary of [[Disney-ABC Television Group]]. The channel's target audience was children aged 7–11,<ref name="ks2">{{cite news|last1=Kirchdoerffer|first1=Ed|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Drawing up Toon Disney|work=Kid Screen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21322-19980401/|access-date=March 4, 2014|archive-date=March 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321135218/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21322-19980401/|url-status=live}}</ref> and older children and adolescents aged 8–15 during the [[Jetix]] programming block.

A spin-off of [[Disney Channel]], the channel's programming mostly included [[list of animated television series|animated series]], shorts, and features from Disney, as well as acquired programs.

==History==
Toon Disney was launched on April 18, 1998, at 3:00 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]], in honor of [[Disney Channel]]'s 15th anniversary by [[Disney Branded Television|Disney Channel, Inc.]] on digital tiers of [[DirecTV]], [[Marcus Cable]], and [[EchoStar]]. The first program to air on the network was ''The Sorcerer's Apprentice'' from ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' (1940). At 7:00 p.m. ET that day, Toon Disney launched a block called "The Magical World of Toons". The block originally featured Disney animated features, specials, and shorts. Over the next five months, Toon Disney furthered its programming to cable subscribers such as [[Americast]]. At its launch, the channel shared half of its assigned series with Disney Channel.<ref name=awm>{{cite news|title=Toon Disney Launch.|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.2/3.2pages/3.2television.html|access-date=February 26, 2014|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|date=May 1998|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306081347/https://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.2/3.2pages/3.2television.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The channel had no advertising until its viewership reached a set number.<ref name="ks2"/> On January 31, 1999, the channel aired the "[[Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)|Pumbaa]] Bowl" marathon as [[Super Bowl XXXIII]] counterprogramming.<ref name="toon Disney timeline 2003">{{cite web | url= http://psc.disney.go.com/abcnetworks/toondisney/games/toon_timeline/index.html | title=Toon Disney Timeline 1998-2003 | work=Toon Disney| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031210222834/http://psc.disney.go.com/abcnetworks/toondisney/games/toon_timeline/index.html | archive-date=December 10, 2003}}</ref>

By September 2000, the channel was expected to reach 20 million subscribers and would start showing advertising. Ad sales were provided by [[Disney–ABC Television Group#Disney Kids Network|Disney Kids Network]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hettrick |first=Scott |title=Stay Toon-ed For Ads On Disney Spinoff Channel |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/services/motion-pictures/4832586-1.html |access-date=April 12, 2014 |newspaper=All Business |date=February 25, 2000 |agency=The Hollywood Reporter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321115957/http://www.allbusiness.com/services/motion-pictures/4832586-1.html |archive-date=March 21, 2009 |url-status=unfit }}</ref>

In June 2001, Toon Disney launched the "Most Animated Kid Search". In September 2002, eight new shows joined the line-up as part of Toon Disney's fall schedule.<ref name="toon Disney timeline 2003"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.awn.com/news/toon-disney-premieres-eight-new-series-fall-2002|title=Toon Disney Premieres Eight New Series In Fall 2002|work=Animation World Network|access-date=September 26, 2018|language=en|archive-date=July 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041535/https://www.awn.com/news/toon-disney-premieres-eight-new-series-fall-2002|url-status=live}}</ref> In commemoration of the network's fifth anniversary in April 2003, the channel held the "Toon Disney's Magical Adventure Sweepstakes" in which three winners along with three family members would win a trip to [[Disneyland Resort]] to see ''Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular''.<ref name="toon Disney timeline 2003"/>

On February 14, 2004, the [[Jetix]] programming block began on Toon Disney and [[Freeform (TV channel)|ABC Family]] as a part of the Jetix programming alliance of ABC Networks Group, Fox Kids Europe, and Fox Kids Latin America.<ref name=ds>{{cite news|last=Welsh|first=James|title=Fox Kids to be rebranded as Jetix|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/news/a12962/fox-kids-to-be-rebranded-as-jetix.html|access-date=February 24, 2014|newspaper=Digital Spy|date=January 9, 2004|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215014/http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/news/a12962/fox-kids-to-be-rebranded-as-jetix.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=amag>{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|title=Toon Disney Launches Jetix, Live Card Game|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|access-date=March 3, 2014|newspaper=Animation Magazine|date=February 13, 2004|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223510/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|url-status=live}}</ref> The block consisted of the entire acquired [[Fox Kids]]/[[Saban Entertainment]] action library as the result of an acquisition by [[The Walt Disney Company]] in the summer of 2001, as well as some original programming. Some shows, including ''[[The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)|The Legend of Tarzan]]'', and ''[[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command]]'' aired under both the Toon Disney and Jetix monikers.

The Toon Disney/Big Movie Show premiere of the 2004 film ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'' on December 22, 2006, was the channel's highest primetime rating with 1.35 million viewers. On January 27, 2007, Toon Disney launched its weekend afternoon programming block, "The Great Toon Weekend".<ref name=am>{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|title=Toon Disney has 'Great Toon Weekend'|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-has-great-toon-weekend/|access-date=April 4, 2014|newspaper=Animation Magazine|date=January 12, 2007|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420085444/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-has-great-toon-weekend/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 6, 2008, [[Disney General Entertainment Content|Disney-ABC Television Group]] announced they would rebrand Toon Disney in early 2009 as [[Disney XD]], which would be aimed at children, mostly boys, from ages 6 and up. The final pre-[[Disney XD]] program to air on the channel was ''[[The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)|The Incredible Hulk]]'' episode "Doomed" at 11:30 p.m. ET on February 12, 2009, as part of Jetix, while the first [[Disney XD]] program was the ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'' episode "[[Dude, We're Getting the Band Back Together]]" on February 13, 2009, at 12:00 midnight ET.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2010 |orig-date=February 12/13, 2009 |title=End of Toon Disney us/jetix usa Start Of Disney XD usa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWrApN5G720 |access-date=March 11, 2011 |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=March 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302194717/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWrApN5G720 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Listings for - February 13, 2009 - TV Tango |url=http://tvtango.com/listings/2009/02/13 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=tvtango.com |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311051052/http://tvtango.com/listings/2009/02/13 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Programming==
{{Main|List of programs broadcast by Toon Disney}}

===Blocks===
*'''Toon Disney's Big Movie Show''' was an evening movie block that started in 2004 and lasted until 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Christian|title=Toon Disney Spruces Up Big Movie Show|url=http://www.multichannel.com/news/content/toon-disney-spruces-big-movie-show/367401|access-date=April 9, 2014|newspaper=Multi-Channel|date=November 12, 2006|archive-date=September 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084248/http://www.multichannel.com/news/content/toon-disney-spruces-big-movie-show/367401|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Double Feature Friday''' was a block that featured two different movies back-to-back every Friday night. The block started in 2001, and lasted until 2004.
*'''[[Jetix]]''' was a block using programming from the Saban/Marvel library held by [[ABC Family Worldwide]] and additional original programming launched on February 14, 2004, with the block originally having 12 hours of weekly prime-time programming to start.<ref name="ds" /><ref name="amag" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Umstead|first=R. Thomas|title=Disney Nets Bolster 'Jetix' Block|url=http://www.multichannel.com/content/disney-nets-bolster-%E2%80%98jetix%E2%80%99-block|access-date=March 5, 2014|newspaper=Multichannel News|date=March 19, 2004|archive-date=March 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305205759/http://www.multichannel.com/content/disney-nets-bolster-%E2%80%98jetix%E2%80%99-block|url-status=live}}</ref> By the time of Toon Disney's closure in February 2009, Jetix had taken up more than half of the network's programming schedule, airing for 12 hours on weekdays and 19 hours on weekends.
*'''The Magical World of Toons''' was Toon Disney's prime time block which was launched on April 18, 1998, and lasted until April 6, 2003. During the week, the block would showcase shorts and series featuring Disney characters such as [[Mickey Mouse]], [[Donald Duck]], [[Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)|Timon & Pumbaa]], Hercules, Aladdin, [[Doug (TV series)|Doug]], and [[Pepper Ann]]. During the weekend, the block would present animated features, most of those created for the home video market, including ''[[The Return of Jafar]]'' and ''[[The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars]]'', as well as some theatrical releases including ''[[A Goofy Movie]]'', ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]],'' and ''[[The Brave Little Toaster]]''.<ref name=awm/><ref name=tfl>{{cite news|title=Disney's Pepper Ann Takes Her Quest for Coolness to Toon Disney Beginning September 2001; All-Toon Channel Debuts New Schedule Sept. 3.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=76432584|access-date=March 6, 2014|newspaper=Business Wire|date=July 10, 2001|author=ABC Cable Network Group|archive-date=January 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109200404/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=76432584|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Princess Power Hour''' was a block featuring [[Disney Princesses]] Jasmine and Ariel through episodes of ''[[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin]]'' and ''[[The Little Mermaid (TV series)|The Little Mermaid]]''. (2000–2007<ref name=tfl/>)
*'''Chillin' With the Villains''' was a block that aired on Sundays. The block consists of a series of mini-marathon with a notable villain. (2000–2004<ref name=tfl/>)
*'''The Great Toon Weekend''' (GTW) was a weekend afternoon programming block that aired every Saturday and Sunday starting at noon for 7 hours beginning on January 27, 2007. The Great Toon Weekend started with a two-hour movie under the banner of "Big Movie Show" followed by five hours of back-to-back episodes of the following shows: ''[[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin]]'', ''[[Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)|Timon & Pumbaa]]'', ''[[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command]]'', ''[[The Emperor's New School]]'' and ''[[Lilo & Stitch: The Series|Lilo & Stitch]]''.<ref name=am/>
*'''Hangin' with the Heroes''' was a weekend block consisting of two hours of ''Aladdin'', ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]'', and ''[[Hercules (1998 TV series)|Hercules]]''. Later, the block began airing every weeknight starting at 11:00 pm.<ref name="toon Disney timeline 2003"/> It lasted from January 2002 to 2004.

==International versions==
In the fall of 2000, Disney launched its first overseas Toon Disney channel in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=ds0>{{cite news|last=Chapman|first=Iain|title=Toon Disney|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/news/a643/toon-disney.html|access-date=March 4, 2014|newspaper=Digital Spy|date=April 29, 2000|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082401/http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/news/a643/toon-disney.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The UK channel was later replaced by [[Disney Cinemagic]] in March 2006.<ref name=vai>{{cite news|title=ITV enters full U.K. kids mkt.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ITV+enters+full+U.K.+kids+mkt.-a0147057324|access-date=March 5, 2014|newspaper=Video Age International|date=March 1, 2006|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329225039/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/ITV+enters+full+U.K.+kids+mkt.-a0147057324|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, four new markets added a Toon Disney channel with three in Europe with Germany also adding a time shift channel.<ref name=coe>{{cite web |url=http://mavise.obs.coe.int/channel?event=listing&query_clauses=%7B%22name%22%3A%22Toon%20Disney%22%2C%22status%22%3A%22f%22%7D |title=Channel listing: Toon Disney |publisher=European Audiovisual Observatory |work=MAVISE |access-date=April 25, 2014 |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416145043/http://mavise.obs.coe.int/channel?event=listing&query_clauses=%7B%22name%22%3A%22Toon%20Disney%22%2C%22status%22%3A%22f%22%7D |url-status=live }}</ref> In December, Walt Disney Television International India launched a Toon Disney channel with three language audio tracks ([[English language|English]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]).<ref name=itv>{{cite news|title=After Tamil & Telugu, Toon Disney goes Hindi from 1 September|url=http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k5/aug/aug244.htm|access-date=February 26, 2014|newspaper=Indian Television|date=August 22, 2005|archive-date=March 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301233453/http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k5/aug/aug244.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bajoria|first=Jayshree|title=Disney launches India TV channels|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4104089.stm|access-date=February 26, 2014|newspaper=BBC|date=December 17, 2004|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425062740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4104089.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, a Toon Disney channel was launched for the [[Nordic countries]],<ref name=coe/> and another one for [[Japan]].<ref name=c2m>{{cite news|title=Toon Disney and Jetix head for Japan|url=http://www.c21media.net/toon-disney-and-jetix-head-for-japan/|access-date=March 12, 2014|newspaper=C21Media|date=August 31, 2005|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425074330/https://www.c21media.net/toon-disney-and-jetix-head-for-japan/|url-status=live}}</ref> A Hindi-language audio track was introduced on Toon Disney in [[India]] on September 1, 2005.<ref name=tvp>{{cite news|title=Toon Disney to be launched in Hindi from September 1|url=http://www.televisionpoint.com/news/newsfullstory.php?id=1124796128|access-date=February 26, 2014|newspaper=Televisionpoint.com|date=August 23, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173630/http://www.televisionpoint.com/news/newsfullstory.php?id=1124796128|archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> After the shutdown of the US channel, the remaining channels and blocks with the Toon Disney name outside the US were relaunched as either Disney Cinemagic (in European countries only), Disney Channel, or Disney XD, with the last Toon Disney-branded channels to close being the two Italian channels on October 1, 2011.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Market !! Type !! Launch date
!Language!! Replaced by || Replaced by date
|-
| United States || rowspan="4" | Channel || {{dts|1998|04|18}}<ref name="awm" />
|[[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Disney XD]] || {{dts|2009|02|13}}<ref name="lat">{{cite news|last1=Chmielewski|first1=Dawn C.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html |title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|access-date=February 25, 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 7, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| Japan || {{dts|2005|12|01}}<ref name="c2m" />
|[[Japanese language|Japanese]]||{{dts|2009|8|9}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Schilling|first=Mark|title=Disney XD to launch in Japan|url=https://variety.com/2009/biz/news/disney-xd-to-launch-in-japan-1118004649/|access-date=April 24, 2014|newspaper=Variety|date=June 7, 2009|archive-date=July 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725122920/https://variety.com/2009/biz/news/disney-xd-to-launch-in-japan-1118004649/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| United Kingdom and Ireland || {{dts|2000|09|29}}<ref name="ds0" />
|[[English language|English]]|| [[Disney Cinemagic]] || {{dts|2006|3|16}}<ref name="vai" />
|-
| India || {{dts|2004|12|17}}<ref name="ect">{{cite news|title=Walt Disney channels to be distributed by STAR|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-11-25/news/27387474_1_walt-disney-television-international-disney-channel-star-bouquet|access-date=April 23, 2014|newspaper=Economic Times|date=November 25, 2004|archive-date=April 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424030751/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-11-25/news/27387474_1_walt-disney-television-international-disney-channel-star-bouquet|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="itv0" />
|[[English language|English]],
[[Hindi]],
[[Tamil language|Tamil]],
[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Super Hungama|Disney XD]] || {{dts|2009|11|12}}<ref name="itv0">{{cite news|title=Jetix rebrands to Disney XD in India|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/jetix-rebrands-to-disney-xd-in-india|access-date=April 9, 2014|newspaper=Indiantelevision.com|date=November 12, 2009|archive-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505184133/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/jetix-rebrands-to-disney-xd-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Vietnam || Block on [[Ho Chi Minh City Television|HTV7]] || {{dts|2007|02}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's BVITV-AP brings 'Toon Disney' block to Vietnam|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/disneys-bvitv-ap-brings-toon-disney-block-to-vietnam|access-date=March 10, 2014|newspaper=Indiantelevision.com|date=February 1, 2007|archive-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413014415/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/disneys-bvitv-ap-brings-toon-disney-block-to-vietnam|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" |[[English language|English]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Latvian language|Latvian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|
|-
| France || rowspan="2" | Channel|| {{dts|2002|11|02}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney Channel se met en quatre|url=https://www.strategies.fr/actualites/medias/r26151W/disney-channel-se-met-en-quatre.html|publisher=Stratégies|date=2002-10-25|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-date=January 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127022406/https://www.strategies.fr/actualites/medias/r26151W/disney-channel-se-met-en-quatre.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> || rowspan="2" | Disney Cinemagic || {{dts|2007|09|04}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.universfreebox.com/article/3716/Disney-Cinemagic-le-4-septembre-sur-CanalSat-Video |title=Disney Cinemagic le 4 septembre sur CanalSat |date=August 27, 2007 |publisher=Univers Freebox |access-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113312/https://www.universfreebox.com/article/3716/Disney-Cinemagic-le-4-septembre-sur-CanalSat-Video |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Germany || {{dts|2004|11|10}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Ready, willing 'n' cable|url=https://variety.com/2004/tv/news/ready-willing-n-cable-1117912378/|access-date=July 21, 2014|work=Variety|date=October 24, 2004|archive-date=September 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913231941/http://variety.com/2004/tv/news/ready-willing-n-cable-1117912378/|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2009|07|04}}<ref name="coe" />
|-
|| +1 timeshift service || || Disney XD +1 || {{dts|2010|04|18}}<ref>{{cite web|title=TV Channel: Disney XD +1 (Germany)|url=http://mavise.obs.coe.int/channel?id=9081|work=MAVISE|publisher=European Audiovisual Observatory|access-date=May 1, 2014|archive-date=October 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024040209/http://mavise.obs.coe.int/channel?id=9081|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Italy || Channel || {{dts|2004|12|24}} || Disney Channel +2 || rowspan="2" | {{DTS|2011|10|1}}{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
|-
|| +1 timeshift service || {{dts|2008|12|20}}<ref>{{cite web|title=TV: SU SKY NUOVI CANALI PER BAMBINI, CINEMA E MUSICA|url=http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/2008/12/22/Spettacolo/Televisione/TV-SU-SKY-NUOVI-CANALI-PER-BAMBINI-CINEMA-E-MUSICA_165347.php|publisher=adnkrosos|date=December 22, 2008|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-date=October 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016015604/http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/2008/12/22/Spettacolo/Televisione/TV-SU-SKY-NUOVI-CANALI-PER-BAMBINI-CINEMA-E-MUSICA_165347.php|url-status=live}}</ref> || Disney XD +2
|-
| Scandinavia || rowspan="2" | Channel || {{DTS|2005|8|1}}|| Disney XD || {{DTS|2009|9|12}}<ref name="coe" />
|-
| Spain || {{dts|2001|11|16}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney lanza tres nuevos canales infantiles|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2001/10/30/radiotv/1004396401_850215.html|newspaper=El País|date=October 30, 2001|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411125850/https://elpais.com/diario/2001/10/30/radiotv/1004396401_850215.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|| Disney Cinemagic || {{dts|2008|06|30}}<ref name="coe" />
|}

==See also==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel]]
* [[List of programs broadcast by Disney Jr.]] ([[List of programs broadcast by Disney Jr. (block)|block]])
* [[List of programs broadcast by Disney XD]]
* [[List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids]] ([[List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids (block)|block]])
* [[List of programs broadcast by Jetix]] ([[List of programs broadcast by Jetix (block)|block]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url = http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/the-launch-of-toon-disney/ | title = The Launch of Toon Disney | author-link = Jerry Beck | first = Jerry | last = Beck | date = March 17, 2014 | work = CartoonResearch.com}} - includes the Launch program for Toon Disney which has the first week's programming guide

{{Disney Channel}}
{{U.S. family-oriented television channels}}

[[Category:Disney Channel]]
[[Category:Disney XD]]
[[Category:Disney television networks]]
[[Category:Children's television networks in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct television networks in the United States]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in the United States]]
[[Category:Former subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1998]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2009]]

Sendari

2026-02-06T13:49:15Z

Meet: Started a article

{{Orphan|date=December 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sendari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.523|N|78.894|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bundelkhand]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Niwari district|Niwari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Public
| governing_body = Panchayat
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| subleader_siddhart =
| subleader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,041
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
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}}
'''Sendari''' is a village in [[Niwari district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>"[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2307_PART_B_DCHB_TIKAMGAR.pdf District Census Handbook: Tikamgarh]," Directorate of Census Operations, Census of India, Government of India, 2011</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Niwari district]]

{{Sagar-geo-stub}}

Nani Palkhivala

2026-02-05T01:51:32Z

Meet:

{{Short description|Indian jurist and economist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Nani Palkhivala
| image = Nanabhoy Palkhivala 2004 stamp of India.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Palkhivala on a 2004 stamp of India
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1920|01|16}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|12|11|1920|01|16}}
| death_place = Mumbai, India
| occupation = [[Jurist]], [[Economist]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| period = 20th century
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| debut_works =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nanabhoy "Nani" Ardeshir Palkhivala''' (16 January 1920 – 11 December 2002) was an Indian lawyer and [[jurist]].<ref name=r1/> He rose to prominence as lead counsel in several landmark constitutional cases before the [[Supreme Court of India]], including [[Kesavananda Bharati v. The State of Kerala]], [[I.C. Golaknath and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anrs.]] and [[Minerva Mills v. Union of India]]. His role in these cases earned him international recognition and established his reputation as one of India's most distinguished lawyers.

Palkhivala is known to have espoused [[Liberalism|liberal]] values, advocating limited government, individual rights and "liberal economic thinking".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ffeindia.com/images/pdf/Traditions_and_Transitions_Palkhivala's_legacy_in_an_interconnected_world_by_Dr.Justice_D.Y.Chandrachud.pdf | title=Traditions and Transitions: Palkhivala's legacy in an interconnected world | website=ffeindia.com}}</ref> From 1977 to 1979, Palkhivala served as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|India's Ambassador to the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://indianliberals.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/M.R.-Pai-The-legend-of-Nani-Palkhivala.pdf | title=The Legend of Nani Palkhivala | website=indianliberals.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Balakrishnan |first=Chandrasekaran |date=2020-01-20 |title=Centenary of Liberal Thinker Nani Palkhivala |url=https://spontaneousorder.in/centenary-of-nani-palkhivala/ |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=Spontaneous Order |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=Media |title=Remarks by External Affairs Minister, Dr. S Jaishankar at Nani Palkhivala Memorial Lecture 'India and the World' |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/38925/Remarks_by_External_Affairs_Minister_Dr_S_Jaishankar_at_Nani_Palkhivala_Memorial_Lecture_India_and_the_World |access-date=September 3, 2025 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

== Early years ==

Nani Palkhivala was born in 1920 in Bombay in what was then the [[Bombay Presidency]]. His family name is derived from the profession of his forefathers (a common practice among [[Parsis]]), who were manufacturers of [[palanquin]]s ("palkhis").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavan's N.A Palkhivala Academy for Advanced Legal Studies And Research |url=https://bhavans-palsar.in/academy#:~:text=Ardeshir%20Palkhivala%20(Nanabhoy)%20was%20born,which%20could%20never%20be%20repaid. |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=bhavans-palsar.in}}</ref>

He received his early education at Masters Tutorial High School, and later attended [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]], Bombay. He was reported to have had a stammer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-12 |title=Nani Palkhivala: God's gift to India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/straight-candid/nani-palkhivala-gods-gift-to-india/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Times of India Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> He possesses a master's degree in English Literature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Nupur Thapliyal,Areeb Uddin |date=2020-12-11 |title=Remembering Nani Palkhivala on his death anniversary |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/remembering-nani-palkhivala-on-his-death-anniversary |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>

Following graduation, Palkhivala sought an academic career and applied for a lectureship at [[Bombay University]], which he did not attain. He also attempted to secure admission into advanced programs at other institutions of higher learning to further his academic career. Eventually he enrolled at [[Government Law College, Bombay]].<ref name=":0" />

== Entry to the bar ==
In 1946, Nani Palkhivala was called to the [[Bar association|Bar Association]] and commenced practice in the chambers of Sir Jamshedji Behramji Kanga in Bombay. He gained recognition as an eloquent and persuasive barrister, frequently attracting attention in court proceedings. His advocacy drew law students and junior members of the Bar, who often attended hearings to observe his performance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Eastern Book Company - Practical Lawyer |url=https://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2003v5a1.htm#:~:text=On%2016-1-1920%20was,his%20MA%20in%20English%20Literature. |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=www.ebc-india.com}}</ref>

Palkhivala's initial focus was [[Commercial law|commercial]] and [[tax law]]. He is known to be one of the few voices of his time to be supportive of a reduction in taxation to promote economic growth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kashyap |first=Sanjeet |date=2019-07-04 |title=From the archives of Indian Liberals: Four Budget Ideas for the Finance Minister |url=https://spontaneousorder.in/archives-of-indian-liberals-four-budget-measures-for-the-finance-minister/ |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=Spontaneous Order |language=en-US}}</ref> Together with Sir Jamshedji, he authored what was then and still is considered to be an authoritative reference tool for tax professionals: ''The Law and Practice of Income Tax''<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Veritable Polymath {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/newsroom/heritage/veritable-polymath-nani-palkhivala-tata |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=www.tata.com |language=en}}</ref> Sir Jamshedji later admitted that the credit for this work belonged exclusively to Palkhivala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=yazdi |date=2015-11-16 |title=Fali Nariman on Nani Palkhivala |url=https://zoroastrians.net/2015/11/16/fali-nariman-on-nani-palkhivala/ |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=Zoroastrians.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Legal career ==

Palkhivala was widely regarded for his deep respect for the Constitution of India and the principles it embodied. He viewed the Constitution as both a legacy to be honored and a framework that should evolve with societal progress, famously citing [[Thomas Jefferson]] that it must proceed “hand in hand with the progress of the human mind.<ref name=":1" />” He opposed politically motivated constitutional amendment, drawing on Joseph Story's observation that "the Constitution has been reared for immortality...[but] may nevertheless perish in an hour by the folly, or corruption, or negligence of its only keepers, the people."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nani Palkhivala: The Task Before A Free People |url=https://indianliberals.in/content/the-task-before-a-free-people/ |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=Indian Liberals |language=en-US}}</ref>

As he later stated in the ''Privy Purse case'' ''H. H. Maharajadhiraja Madhav Rao Jiwaji vs Union Of India'' "The survival of our democracy and the unity and integrity of the nation depend upon the realisation that constitutional morality is no less essential than constitutional legality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=H. H. Maharajadhiraj... v. H. H. Maharajadhiraj..., Supreme Court Of India, Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ab6ae4b014971140c682 |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Dharma]] (righteousness; sense of public duty or virtue) lives in the hearts of public men; when it dies there, no Constitution, no law, no amendment, can save it."<ref name=":1" />

He was a strong proponent of the rights of freedom of expression and freedom of the press. In an attempt to stifle dissenting opinion, the central government imposed import controls on newsprint in 1972. In the Supreme Court case, ''Bennett Coleman & Co. vs Union of India'', Palkhivala unsuccessfully opposed the nationalization of Indian banks, he argued that newsprint was more than just a general commodity: "Newsprint does not stand on the same footing as steel. Steel will yield products of steel. Newsprint will manifest whatever is thought of by man."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangchuk |first=Rinchen Norbu |date=2019-01-25 |title=Republic Day: Meet Nani Palkhivala, The Legendary Lawyer Who Saved Our Democracy |url=https://thebetterindia.com/170598/republic-day-constitution-fundamental-rights-nani-palkhivala/ |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Alam |first1=Afreen |last2=Saxena |first2=Shivansh |title=Nani Palkhivala's Relevance to Our Times |url=https://www.newsclick.in/nani-palkhivalas-relevance-our-times |access-date=September 3, 2025 |website=NewsClick.in}}</ref>

During the 1970s, state legislations increasingly sought to regulate minority educational institutions, whose rights are safeguarded under the India Constitution. In the landmark case of ''Ahmedabad St. Xavier's College Society v. State of Gujarat,'' Palkhivala contended that while the state possesses the authority to regulate the administration of such institutions, this authority does not extend to permitting maladministration. A majority of the nine-judge bench upheld his argument, thereby reinforcing constitutional protections for minority institutions and significantly strengthening their autonomy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LawFoyer |date=2021-08-05 |title=AHMEDABAD ST. XAVIER'S COLLEGE SOCIETY Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ANOTHER {{!}} LawFoyer |url=https://lawfoyer.in/ahmedabad-st-xaviers-college-society-vs-state-of-gujarat-and-another/ |access-date=2025-09-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Criticism of Indian Government ==
In his later years, Palkhivala grew increasingly critical of India's governance and administrative structures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhargav |first=S. Vaidhyasubramaniam and Amrith |date=2020-01-17 |title=A Centennial Miscellany of Nani Palkhivala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/Jan/17/a-centennial-miscellany-of-nani-palkhivala-2090551.html |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He characterized the state apparatus as excessively large yet ineffective, arguing that it failed to deliver on essential objectives such as raising living standards, advancing privatization of public sector enterprises, and addressing population growth. In 1990, he observed that “the most persistent tendency in India is to have too much government but too little administration; too many laws and too little justice; too many public servants and too little public service; too many controls and too little welfare.”<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-12-13 |title=Nani Palkhivala, 82, Dies; Civil Rights Leader in India (Published 2002) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/13/world/nani-palkhivala-82-dies-civil-rights-leader-in-india.html |access-date=2025-09-02 |language=en}}</ref>

In a [[Rediff.com|Rediff]] interview with Archana Masih, he says "We have no reverence for our Constitution. Our Constitution has been amended no less than 78 times in 50 years, unlike the United States constitution which is regarded by the Americans with such reverence that it has been amended only 27 times in 209 years. It is my firm conviction that it is not the Constitution which has failed the people but it is our chosen representatives who have failed the Constitution."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT Special: Nani Palkhivala on the need to review the Constitution |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/report/nani/19980714.htm#:~:text=%22This%20is%20a%20gist%20of,who%20have%20failed%20the%20Constitution. |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

== The economist ==

Starting in 1958, every year, following the presentation of the Union Budget in Parliament, Palkhivala delivered public lectures critically analyzing its contents. These came to be popularly known as "post - Budget speeches" organized by [[Forum of Free Enterprise]], and they attracted vast crowds, so the venues were repeatedly upgraded, culminating in a gathering at Bombay's [[Brabourne Stadium|Braboune Stadium]] in 1983, to accommodate his growing audience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speeches - Reserve Bank of India |url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=1104&utm_source |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=www.rbi.org.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-23 |title=Nani Palkhiwala |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/asia-travel/india/nani-palkhiwala-g7htnrmg86z |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

Describing the Annual Budget meetings, Indian jurist [[Soli Sorabjee]] states: "The audience in these meetings was drawn from industrialists, lawyers, businessmen and the common individual. Nani's speeches were fascinating for their brevity and clarity. His Budget speeches became so popular throughout India and the audience for them grew so large that bigger halls and later the [[Brabourne Stadium]] in Bombay had to be booked to keep pace with the demand of an audience of over 20,000. It was aptly said that in those days that there were two Budget speeches, one by the [[Finance minister of India|Finance Minister]] and the other by Nani Palkhivala, and Palkhivala's speech was undoubtedly the more popular and sought after."<ref>Pai, M.R. (2002) ''The Legend of Nani Palkhivala''</ref>

==Books authored==

* ''Law and Practice of Income tax''
* ''Taxation in India''
* ''The Highest Taxed Nation''
* ''Judiciary Made to Measure''
* ''Our Constitution Defaced and Defiled''
* ''India’s Priceless Heritage''
* ''Essential Unity of all Religions''
* ''We, the people''
* ''We, the Nation''

== Recognition ==

[[File:Officials of India welcome Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter during an arrival ceremony in New Delhi, India - NARA - 177371.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Nani Palkhivala (third from right, second row) with US President [[Jimmy Carter]] during his 1978 visit to India.]]

In 1963, Palkhivala was offered judgeship in the Supreme Court, but declined.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-12-11 |title=Palkhivala was a 'jurist beyond compare' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/palkhivala-was-a-jurist-beyond-compare/articleshow/31002213.cms |access-date=2025-09-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 1968, he was offered the position of Attorney-General by Govinda Menon, then the Law Minister in the Congress Government. Palkhivala recounts in his book ''We the Nation'': "After a great deal of hesitation I agreed. When I was in Delhi I conveyed my acceptance to him, and he told me that the announcement would be made the next day. I was happy that the agonising hours of indecision were over. Sound sleep is one of the blessings I have always enjoyed. That night I went to bed and looked forward to my usual quota of deep slumber. But suddenly and inexplicably, I became wide awake at three o'clock in the morning with the clear conviction, floating like a hook through my consciousness, that my decision was erroneous and that I should reverse it before it was too late. Early in the morning I profusely apologised to the Law Minister for changing my mind. In the years immediately following, it was my privilege to argue on behalf of the citizen, under the same [[Indian National Congress|Congress Government]] and against the government, the major cases which have shaped and moulded [...] constitutional law[...]"<ref name="r1" /><ref name="nani-role">{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Maj Gen Nilendra|title=Nani Palkhivala : A role model|year=2009|publisher=Universal Law Pub. Co.|location=Delhi|isbn=9788175347854|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQSkunhOecwC&pg=PA56}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=Nani Palkhivala: The man who made the Budget speech bigger than a sports event |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/nani-palkhivala-the-man-who-made-the-budget-speech-bigger-than-a-sports-event-12086162.html |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

Nani Palkhivala was appointed [[Indian Ambassador to the United States]] in 1977 by the [[Janata government]] (the first non-Congress Government in India) headed by [[Morarji Desai]] and served in the capacity till 1979. He received honorary doctorates from [[Princeton University]], [[Rutgers University]], [[Lawrence University]], [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], [[Annamalai University]], [[Dr. Ambedkar Law University|Ambedkar Law University]] and the [[University of Mumbai]]. The ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120930072142/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/laudation laudation]'' from Princeton called him "... Defender of constitutional liberties, champion of human rights ...", and stated, "he has courageously advanced his conviction that expediency in the name of progress, at the cost of freedom, is no progress at all, but retrogression. Lawyer, teacher, author, and economic developer, he brings to us as Ambassador of India intelligence, good humour, experience, and vision for international understanding...."<ref name=r1>Sorabjee, Soli J. (2003) [http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2003v5a1.htm Palkhivala and The Constitution of India]. ebc-india.com</ref>

== Final days ==

In the last years of his life, Nani Palkhivala was severely affected by what may have been [[Alzheimer's disease]]. According to former Attorney-General [[Soli Sorabjee|Soli J. Sorabjee]], who had known him for many years, "it was painful to see that a person so eloquent and articulate unable to speak or recognize persons except occasionally in a momentary flash."<ref>India, Nnlrj. (21 February 2010) [https://indialawyers.wordpress.com/tag/nani-palkhivala/ Nani Palkhivala | Law Resource India]. Indialawyers.wordpress.com. Retrieved on 2018-11-15.</ref>

Nani was critically ill on 7 December 2002, and taken to Jaslok Hospital in Mumbai. He died on 11 December 2002. He was 82.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-17 |title=Nani Palkhivala, 82; Served as India's Ambassador to U.S. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-17-me-passings17.1-story.html |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

==External links==

{{Commons category|Nanabhoy Palkhivala}}

* [http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2003v5a1.htm ''Palkhivala and The Constitution of India'', Soli J. Sorabjee]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511213249/http://www.bombaybar.com/in_memoriam/nani_palkhivala.php ''Bombay Bar Association: In Memoriam''] (archived 11 May 2008)
* [http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/73v4a1.htm ''The Fundamental Rights Case : Propositions submitted before the Supreme Court'' by N.A. Palkhivala]
* [http://www.itatonline.org/articles_new/?p=20 ''My tryst with the legendary N. A. Palkhivala'' by H. S. Serna, IRS]
* [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xmbbrg_speech-of-nani-palkhivala-on-24th-26th-amendments_news ''Speech of Nani Palkhivala on 24th–26th Amendments'']
* [http://mcaglc.org/7th%20nani%20palakhiwala%20memorial%20final.pdf When I die ...]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Indian Ambassador to the United States]]|before=[[Kewal Singh]]|after=[[K.R. Narayanan]]|years=1977–1979}}
{{end}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}

{{wikiquote}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palkhivala, Nanabhoy}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United States]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian legal writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]]

Fagun

2026-02-01T03:31:16Z

Meet:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{short description|Santali language monthly newspaper}}{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Fagun
| logo =
| image =
| caption = Fagun Newspaper
| type = Monthly [[Newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| founded = 4 April, 2008
| ceased_publication =
| owners = Fagun Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
| publisher = Fagun Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
| editor = Malati Murmu
| chief_editor = Magat Murmu
| associate_editor =
| staff_writers = BirSar Hembram
| language = [[Santali language|Santali]]
| headquarters = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[India]]
| ISSN =
| website =
}}
'''''Fagun''''' is a monthly [[newspaper]] published on paper in the [[Santali language]] in the [[Ol Chiki script]] in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Damayanti Beshra - Sahitya Akademi |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/library/meettheauthor/damayanti_beshra.pdf |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=26 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Murmu |first1=SC |last2=Kanhar |first2=N |title=Santal Durbar and Its Democratic Role |url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2014-Vol-1-2.pdf |access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619200426/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2014-Vol-1-2.pdf#page=87 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the only newspaper in [[India]] that is published in Santali,<ref name="tabla" /><ref name="big hit">{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3634716991.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022537/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3634716991.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2018|title=India: Malati Murmu's Santali Newspaper's A Big Hit with the Tribals|access-date=24 November 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022537/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3634716991.html |date=23 November 2018 }}</ref> and has readership across the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://goodnessfoundation.in/2017/07/03/unseen-and-unsung-heroines/|title=Unseen and Unsung Heroines|website=goodnessfoundation.in|language=en|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922215221/https://goodnessfoundation.in/2017/07/03/unseen-and-unsung-heroines/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="tabla" /> The newspaper was founded in April 2008 by [[Mangat Murmu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allindiaaseca.org/FAGUN/fagun-7th-foundation.html|title=Fagun 7th Foundation 2015|website=allindiaaseca.org|language=en|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref> It is edited by [[Malati Murmu (journalist)|Malati Murmu]],<ref name="tabla">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rakhi |title=Helping Santalis stay connected |url=https://www.tabla.com.sg/jrsrc/240415full/epage004005/TA20150424-TAB-004-00-005.html |access-date=26 November 2018 |work=www.tabla.com.sg |date=24 April 2015 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126134922/https://www.tabla.com.sg/jrsrc/240415full/epage004005/TA20150424-TAB-004-00-005.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="big hit"/><ref name="The Better India">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rakhi |title=A Shout out to 5 of the Most Amazing and yet Least Known Women of 2015: Malati is a Proud Heritage-Keeper |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/41317/remarkable-women-of-2015/ |access-date=26 November 2018 |work=The Better India |date=30 December 2015}}</ref> who received the ''Telegraph Legend Award'' in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allindiaaseca.org/FAGUN/fagun.html|title=FAGUN - A Santali Newspaper|website=allindiaaseca.org|language=en|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref> ''Fagun'' started with a [[Newspaper circulation|circulation]] of 500 copies, and as of 2018 has a circulation of 5000. Copies cost {{Indian rupee|5}} each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allindiaaseca.org/news-magazine/fagun.html|title=Santali Newspapers and Magazines|website=allindiaaseca.org|language=en|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref>

In addition to news, ''Fagun'' publishes a cultural section which includes [[Short story|short stories]] and [[Poetry|poems]] are printed as well as [[review]]s and event announcements. A section for women and children publishes cooking recipes, among other things. The [[syllabus]] for college students is published as well, mostly Santali languages course syllabus which is now recently being taught by some university in [[Odisha]] such as [[Sambalpur University]] and [[North Orissa University]].<ref name="tabla" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|tepodw-dw4E|FAGUN. A Santali Monthly News Paper}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fagun}}
[[Category:Newspapers published in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Monthly newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 2008]]
[[Category:Santali language]]

Stuartpuram

2026-01-30T13:32:41Z

Meet: Started a post - done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Stuartpuram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.8667|N|80.4062|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bapatla district|Bapatla ]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu ]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Stuartpuram''' is a village located in the [[Bapatla district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in India. It is located on the Kolkata{{Endash}}Chennai highway.<ref name="H"/>

==History==
The village was named after [[Harold Stuart]]. Stuart approached [[The Salvation Army]] to reform the nomadic [[Yerukala people|Yerukala tribe]], who were labeled as a criminal tribe, by settling them down and the village was built as an establishment to reform them.<ref name="H"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/caste/haunted-by-the-past-why-6000-families-from-andhras-stuartpuram-are-desperately-seeking-help|title=Haunted by the Past: Why 6,000 Families from Andhra's Stuartpuram are Desperately Seeking Help|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/special-story-stuartpuram-1291791|title=స్టువర్టుపురం.. ఈ గ్రామానికో ప్రత్యేకత! | Special Story On Stuartpuram | Sakshi|website=www.sakshi.com}}</ref>

The village is known for being the birthplace of criminal [[Tiger Nageswara Rao|"Tiger" Nageswara Rao]].<ref name="H">{{Cite news|last=P|first=Samuel Jonathan|date=2017-11-25|title=The agony of Stuartpuram|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/the-agony-of-stuartpuram/article20799245.ece|access-date=2025-09-13|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817163948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/the-agony-of-stuartpuram/article20799245.ece|archive-date=17 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/tiger-nageswara-rao-who-is-this-real-life-stuartpuram-robber-known-for-his-robinhood-like-methods/b144649252620|title=Tiger Nageswara Rao: Who is this real-life Stuartpuram robber, known for his Robinhood-like methods?|website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

== Media portrayal ==
Stuartapuram has been depicted in Telugu cinema as a mysterious hub of criminal activity in films such as ''[[Stuartpuram Police Station]]'' (1991), ''[[Stuvartpuram Dongalu]]'' (1991), and ''Stuartpuram'' (2019). Two films about "Tiger" Nageswara Rao specifically were released in 2023: ''Stuartpuram Donga'' and ''[[Tiger Nageswara Rao]]''. That year, the village put up a banner along [[State Highway 48 (Andhra Pradesh)|State Highway 48]] criticizing the negative and steretyped portrayal of their community in the films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/the-sting-of-stuartpuram-stigma/article67253175.ece|title=Yerukula tribe’s fight for justice and overcoming historical stereotypes|first=Sambasiva Rao|last=M|date=September 1, 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Yerukala people]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bapatla district]]

{{Geo-stub}}

Sonal Shukla

2026-01-27T15:04:35Z

Meet: Started a post

{{Short description|Indian feminist, activist, and teacher (1941–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
'''Sonal Shukla''' (1941–2021) was an Indian feminist, activist, teacher, writer, and social worker. She is known for her establishment of the Vacha Charitable Trust, a private organisation that founded a library for women scholars in [[Mumbai]], India. She was a key member of the feminist protests regarding the [[Mathura rape case|Mathura Rape case]], and a founding member of the [[Forum against Oppression of Women|Forum Against Oppression of Women]], which successfully led a movement to reform India's laws against rape in the 1980s.

== Early and personal life ==
Shukla was born in [[Varanasi]], India, in 1941. Her father, Ninu Majumdar, was a musician and radio presenter who created the [[Vividh Bharati]] station for India's national broadcaster, the [[All India Radio]], and her mother, [[Kaumudi Munshi]], was a classical singer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=At 93, 'Nightingale of Gujarat' passes away due to Covid|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/at-93-nightingale-of-gujarat-passes-away-due-to-covid-6724127/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> She had three siblings, Meena, Rajul, and Uday.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=Sonal Shukla (1941–2021)|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2021/43/commentary/sonal-shukla-1941-2021.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|volume=56|issue=43|pages=7–8}}</ref> She married Himanshu Shukla, a doctor.

== Work ==
Shukla began her career as a teacher, with an M.A. in Literature and an M.Ed. in comparative education.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deshmukh-Ranadive|first=Joy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TJFDwAAQBAJ&dq=Sonal+Shukla+Vacha&pg=PT216|title=Democracy in the Family: Insights from India|date=2008-03-11|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-116-9|language=en}}</ref> In her early career, she was closely involved in several public initiatives to improve the lives of sanitation workers and indigenous fishing communities in Mumbai. In response to widespread domestic violence, she initially turned her own home into a refuge for women survivors of domestic abuse for a period of two years.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-09|title=Noted women's rights activist Sonal Shukla passes away|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/noted-womens-rights-activist-sonal-shukla-passes-away-1028673.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2021-09-10|title=Noted women's rights activist Sonal Shukla dead|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/noted-womens-rights-activist-sonal-shukla-dead/article36394387.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Shukla was an active member of women's organisations in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1977, she founded the Socialist Women's Group which published a printed newsletter 'Feminist Network' in English and [[Hindi]]. Following the [[Mathura rape case|Mathura Rape Case]] in 1979, widespread protests were sparked by a letter published in this newsletter, and authored by four law professors who criticized Indian laws governing rape. She was a co-founder of the [[Forum against Oppression of Women|Forum Against Oppression of Women]], an organization created in response to the judicial proceedings in the [[Mathura rape case|Mathura Rape case]], in 1979, which campaigned successfully for reforms in India's laws governing rape.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-14|title=Sonal Shukla: a feminist who worked to empower girls from deprived communities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/sonal-shukla-a-feminist-who-worked-to-empower-girls-from-deprived-communities-7504669/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

In 1987, Shukla established the Vacha Charitable Trust in Mumbai - a private organisation that founded a library to support feminist research, as well as to provide resources to women students (such as international publications that were not easily accessible in India at the time).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-10|title=Sonal Shukla, noted feminist and educator, dies of cardiac arrest at 80|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sonal-shukla-noted-feminist-and-educator-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-at-80-7499872/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Initially housed in her home, the Trust later moved to a school, where Shukla established the library as an independent institution. The library houses over 3000 books, and in 1991, published collections of music as well as documentaries on the role of women in the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name=":2" /> The library also serves as an archive of feminist writing and literature in India, collecting women's magazines, and other writing by women.<ref name=":3" />

Shukla also went on to publish a number of books and texts with Vacha, which challenged gender stereotypes. With Vacha, Shukla also conducted free school classes for primary school children from underprivileged backgrounds.<ref name=":3" /> In 1995, Shukla expanded Vacha to provide institutional support to children studying in municipal schools in Mumbai, creating 15 centers in slums in Mumbai, where skills including English language speech, photography and computers were taught for free.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Punwani|first=Jyoti|title=Girls will be girls here|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/girls-will-be-girls-here/article23031457.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|website=@businessline|date=17 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], Shukla organised a team of volunteers with Vacha, to provide free food, and personal supplies including menstrual hygiene products, to families in need, in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=Mumbai: Over 1,500 girls help feed 820 families as part of NGO drive|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-over-1500-girls-help-feed-820-families-as-part-of-ngo-drive-6451309/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Shukla published a weekly column with a Gujarati newspaper from 1980 until her death in 2021, in which she wrote about a wide variety of issues, ranging from food, literature, and politics, to feminist ideas and women's rights.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=PUNWANI|first=JYOTI|title=A Feminist Messiah Passes Into The Ages|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/sonal-shukla-a-feminist-messiah-passes-into-the-ages/20210911.htm|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> Some of her writing on the Gujarati author, [[Govardhanram Tripathi]], has been published as part of broader studies on Indian literature.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MENON|first=PARVATHI|title=Of studies on women|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30251461.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Frontline|date=3 August 2001 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Thorner|first1=Alice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LO-ztHz3XTUC|title=Ideals, Images, and Real Lives: Women in Literature and History|last2=Raj|first2=Maithreyi Krishna|date=2000|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0843-9|language=en}}</ref> She has also written about pedagogy and education from the perspective of feminism, about teachers' unions, and about the depiction of women and families in folk literature in India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deshmukh-Ranadive|first=Joy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LKGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Sonal+Shukla+feminism&pg=PP1|title=Democracy in the Family: Insights from India|date=2008-03-11|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0004-1|language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, she was recognized by the [[Friedrich Ebert Foundation]] as a 'gender icon', and an illustrated book about her life, written by Jyoti Punwani, was released in her honor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-09|title=Noted women's rights activist Sonal Shukla passes away in Mumbai|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/womens-rights-activist-sonal-shukla-dead-mumbai-7497959/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=An icon of the Women's movement in India and across the globe!|url=https://india.fes.de/e/an-icon-of-the-womens-movement-in-india-and-across-the-globe-sonal-shukla|access-date=2021-12-25|website=india.fes.de|language=en-US}}</ref> Shukla has cited Indian poet and writer [[Rabindranath Tagore]], as well as [[Mahatma Gandhi]], as major influences on her work.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gunjal|first=Geeta|date=2021-10-24|title=Sonal Shukla: Writer, Educator And Iconic Feminist {{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2021/10/25/sonal-shukla-writer-educator-and-iconic-feminist/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Feminism In India|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Death ==
She died in Mumbai in 2021 at the age of 80 due to cardiac arrest.<ref name=":1" />

== Publications ==
* (2008) Sonal Shukla, 'Family in Feminist Songs: A Continuity with Folk Literature' in Joy Deshmukh-Ranadive ed., ''Democracy in the Family: Insights from India'' (SAGE Publications) {{ISBN|8-132-10004-2}}
* (2008) Sonal Shukla, 'Promoting Women's Participation in a Teachers' Union: The Role of a Women's Committee' in Jackie Kirk ed., ''Women Teaching in South Asia'' (SAGE Publications) {{ISBN|8-132-10072-7}}
* (2010) Sonal Shukla and Pradnya Swargaonkar, 'The Adolescent Girl' in [[Vibhuti Patel]], ed., ''Girls and Girlhoods at Threshold of Youth and Gender—A Vacha initiativ''e (Delhi, The Women Press) {{ISBN|8-189-11027-6}}
* (2010) Sonal Shukla and Nischint Hora (eds), ''Experiencing Girlhood: Stories from Bastis in Mumbai'' (Vacha Charitable Trust).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Sonal}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Feminist studies scholars]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]

Santosh Anand

2026-01-24T15:21:17Z

Meet: Started a page - done

{{Short description|Indian lyricist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Santosh Anand
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|5 March 1929}}
| height =
| birth_place = [[Sikandrabad]], [[Bulandshahr]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
| occupation = [[Lyricist]]
| years active =
}}
''' Santosh Anand''' (born 5 March 1929) is an Indian lyricist who attained success in the 1970s, earning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist]] twice in 1975 and 1983.<ref name="planetradiocity1">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/article-lyricist/Santosh-Anand/1237 |title=Santosh-Anand {{!}} Music lyricist {{!}} Santosh-Anand songs {{!}} Santosh-Anand biography |website=www.planetradiocity.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209213806/http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/article-lyricist/Santosh-Anand/1237 |archive-date=2013-12-09}}</ref> He has also been awarded the [[Yash Bharti Award]] in 2016. He studied library science at Aligarh Muslim University <ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2016 |title=Lyricist Santosh Anand Awarded The Dada Saheb Phalke Jayanti Will – गीतकार संतोष आनंद दादा साहब फाल्के जयंती पर होंगे सम्मानित, Ghaziabad News In Hindi |url=http://www.amarujala.com/delhi-ncr/ghaziabad/lyricist-santosh-anand-awarded-the-dada-saheb-phalke-jayanti-will |access-date=3 December 2016 |publisher=amar Ujala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Arunav Sinha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Samajwadi-Party-government-declares-its-last-list-of-Yash-Bharati-awardees/articleshow/55019147.cms |title=Samajwadi Party government declares its last list of Yash Bharati awardees |work=The Times of India |date=23 October 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref>

==Career==
Santosh Anand was born in the town of [[Sikandrabad]] District [[Bulandshahr]] (30 km from Ghaziabad on G T Road towards Buland shahar). He began his career in 1970 with the film ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]''. This film's soundtrack was composed by [[Kalyanji–Anandji|Kalyanji-Anandji]]. He wrote his favorite song "Ek Pyar Ka Naghma Hai" in 1972 film [[Shor (film)|Shor]]. It was composed by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] and sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]]. He provided lyrics for the 1974 film ''[[Roti Kapda Aur Makaan]]'', also composed by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]. Its song included "Aur Nahin Bas Aur Nahin," sung by Mahendra Kapoor, and the duet "Main Na Bhoolunga," sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]]. Santosh obtained his first Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for that film.<ref name="planetradiocity1"/>

He penned the songs for the film ''[[Kranti]]'' (1981), the highest-grossing Hindi film of that year. The same year, he penned songs such as "Tera Saath Hai To" and "Megha Re Megha Re" in the film [[Pyaasa Sawan]]. In 1982, he penned the song "Mohabbat Hai Kya Cheez" under [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] in the film [[Prem Rog]]. He was awarded his second and last Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for this song.<ref name="planetradiocity1"/>
He has penned a total of 109 songs in 26 films.

==Collaborations==
Santosh Anand started his career in the 1970 film ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' under [[Kalyanji–Anandji|Kalyanji-Anandji]]. His soundtracks such as ''[[Shor (film)|Shor]], [[Roti Kapda Aur Makan]], [[Kranti]], [[Pyaasa Sawan]]'' and ''[[Prem Rog]]'' all had music by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]. His only collaboration with music directors is limited to L-P.

His songs "Ek Pyar Ka Naghma Hai", "Main Na Bhoolunga", "Yeh Galiyan Yeh Chaubara", "Tera Saath Hai To", "Megha Re Megha Re" were all sung by the singer [[Lata Mangeshkar]]. Anuradha Paudwal also sung for him in movies like [[Junoon (1992 film)|''Junoon'']] (1992) and ''[[Tahalka]]'' (1992). Among male singers, [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]], [[Mahendra Kapoor]] and [[Mohammed Aziz]] sang songs penned by him.

==Selected discography==
#''[[Purab Aur Pachhim]]'' (1970)
#''[[Shor (film)|Shor]]'' (1972)
#''[[Roti Kapda Aur Makaan|Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'' (1974)
#''Patthar Se Takkar'' (1980)
#''[[Kranti]]'' (1981)
#''[[Pyaasa Sawan]]'' (1981)
#''[[Prem Rog]]'' (1982)
#''[[Mera Jawab]]'' (1985)
#''Patthar Dil'' (1985)
#''[[Love 86]]'' (1986)
#''[[Mazloom]]'' (1986)
#''[[Bade Ghar Ki Beti]]'' (1989)
#''[[Naag Nagin]]'' (1989)
#''Santosh'' (1989)
#''[[Suryaa: An Awakening]]'' (1989)
#''[[Do Matwale]]'' (1991)
#''Naag Mani'' (1991)
#''[[Ranbhoomi]]'' (1991)
#''[[Junoon (1992 film)|Junoon]]'' (1992)
#''[[Sangeet (film)|Sangeet]]'' (1992)
#''[[Tahalka]]'' (1992)
#''[[Tirangaa]]'' (1993)
#''Sangam Ho Ke Rahega'' (1994)
#''[[Prem Aggan]]'' (1998)

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Song
! Result
|-
| [[20th Filmfare Awards|1973]]
| rowspan="5"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="5"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|''[[Shor (film)|Shor]]''
| ''Ek Pyaar Ka Nagma Hain''
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[22nd Filmfare Awards|1975]]
| rowspan="2"|''[[Roti Kapda Aur Makaan]]''
| ''Main Na Bhooloonga''
| {{won}}
|-
| ''Aur Nahin Bas Aur Nahin''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[29th Filmfare Awards|1982]]
|''[[Kranti]]''
| ''Zindagi Ki Naa Toote''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[30th Filmfare Awards|1983]]
|''[[Prem Rog]]''
| ''Mohabbat Hai Kya Cheez''
| {{won}}
|-
| 2016
| [[Yash Bharti Award]]
| Songwriting
| colspan="2"{{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
Santosh Anand Songs [http://www.hindilyrics.net/lyrics/by-lyricist-Santosh%20Anand.html]

Santosh Anand Pic and Introduction [http://kavisammelanhasya.com/santosh-anand/]

Santosh Anand Poems and Songs [http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6]

{{FilmfareAwardBestLyricist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, Santosh}}
[[Category:Hindi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr district]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]

Andhra Premier League

2026-01-21T03:51:28Z

Meet: put up pg - done

{{Short description|T20 cricket league played in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament main
| name = Andhra Premier League
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| country = [[India]]
| administrator = [[Andhra Cricket Association]]
| cricket format = [[Twenty20]]
| first = 2022
| last = 2025
| next = [[2026 Andhra Premier League|2026]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Playoffs]]
| participants = 7
| champions = Tungabhadra warriors
| most successful = Coastal Riders Rayalaseema Kings Vizag Warriors Tungabhadra warriors(1 title each)
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| qualification =
| website = {{URL|https://andhracricket.org/andhrapremierleague/}}
| current =
| TV = [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] [[FanCode]]
}}
The '''Andhra Premier League''' is a [[Twenty20]] franchise [[cricket]] tournament played in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is organized by the [[Andhra Cricket Association]] (ACA) and sanctioned by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]. It was first contested in 2022 by six teams and, as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, is contested by seven.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilai |first=Harish |date=2022-05-08 |title=Andhra Cricket Association announces 'Andhra Premier League' for both men and women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-cricket-association-announces-andhra-premier-league-for-both-men-and-women/article65394339.ece |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="AP High Court stays APL auctions - Telangana Today">{{Cite web |title=Andhra Premier League 2025 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ap-high-court-stays-apl-auctions |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=teams>{{cite web |title=Andhra Premier League 2025 Teams – Squads & Players Info |website=Andhra Premier League |url=https://andhrapremierleague.in/teams/ |access-date=2025-08-09}}</ref> It is currently sponsored by [[GMR Group]] and consequently officially named the '''GMR APL'''.

== History ==
The Andhra Premier League was launched in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=V. Kamalakara |date=2022-05-09 |title=IPL-like cricket league for Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/090522/aca-all-set-to-host-andhra-premier-league.html |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=CricTracker |date=2022-05-21 |title=Inaugural edition of Andhra Premier League slated to start on June 22 |url=https://www.crictracker.com/first-edition-of-the-andhra-premier-league-slated-to-start-from-june-22/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref> The tournament is played in a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin format]] followed by [[playoffs]] resulting in a total of 19 matches between 6 teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Premier League Trophy team series results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-series-results/andhra-premier-league-945 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

The inaugural season of the tournament was held from 6 to 17 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2022 2022 Schedule {{!}} Andhra Premier League Fixtures & Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2022-1324246/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> The second season of the tournament was held from 16 to 27 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2023 2023 Schedule {{!}} Andhra Premier League Fixtures & Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2023-1391663/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> The third season of the tournament was held from 30 June to 13 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2024 2024 Schedule {{!}} Andhra Premier League Fixtures & Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2024-1439793/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> The fourth season of the tournament started from 8th August, 2025 with an opening match between the Kakinada Kings and the Amaravthi Royals.[https://andhrapremierleague.in]

[[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] stays Andhra Premier League 2025 franchise auctions until further orders. Major relief for existing team owners challenging [[Andhra Cricket Association]]'s unilateral and misleading auction process.<ref name="AP High Court stays APL auctions - Telangana Today" />

== Teams ==

=== Current teams ===
Seven new franchises are competing in the league from 2025 edition. The franchises are named after a city it is representing in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Premier League will feature seven teams, say officials of ACA|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/cricket-fever-rises-andhra-premier-league-will-feature-seven-teams-say-officials/article69760213.ece |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>

{{Location map+|India Andhra Pradesh|alt=Locations of the APL teams
|places={{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh
|lat=16.5408 |long=80.5150 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Amaravati Royals}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=16.5400 |long=81.5232 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Bhimavaram Bulls}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=16.9600 |long=82.2400 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Kakinada Kings}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=14.4673 |long=78.8241 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Royals of Rayalaseema}}</div>|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=15.8281 |long=78.0373 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Tungabhadra Warriors}}</div>|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=16.5062 |long=80.6480 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Vijayawada Sunshiners}}</div>|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India Andhra Pradesh |lat=17.686815 |long=83.218483 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|Vizag Warriors}}</div>|position=left}}
|caption=Team locations|float=right|width=250}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;"
|+APL teams
|-
! Team || City / Region || Owner || Coach || Captain
|-
| [[Amaravati Royals]] || [[Amaravati]] || [[Aparna Marine Exports]] || Vadada Abhraham ||[[Hanuma Vihari]]
|-
| [[Bhimavaram Bulls]] || [[Bhimavaram]] || [[Marlin Global Energy]], [[Pavanputra Sports and Entertainment]] || Narendra Varma ||[[Nitish Kumar Reddy]]
|-
| [[Kakinada Kings]] || [[Kakinada]] || [[RK Sports]] || [[L. N. Prasad Reddy]] ||[[K. S. Bharat]]
|-
| [[Royals of Rayalaseema]] || [[Rayalaseema]] || [[Akshara Enterprises India]] || [[Paidikalva Vijaykumar]] ||[[Shaik Rasheed]]
|-
| [[Simhadri Vizag Lions]] || [[Visakhapatnam]] || [[Steel Exchange India Ltd]] || Madhusudhan Reddy || [[Ricky Bhui]]
|-
| [[Tungabhadra Warriors]] || [[Kurnool]] || [[Vijetha Super Market]] || [[A. G. Pradeep]] ||[[Maheep Kumar]]
|-
| [[Vijayawada Sunshiners]] || [[Vijayawada]] || [[Mythri Movie Makers]], [[Sun International]] || Varadarajan Vijayasaradhi ||[[Ashwin Hebbar]]
|}

=== Defunct teams ===
Ahead of the 2025 season, Six franchises competing in the league were defuncted. The franchises were named after a city or region in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Premier League Teams List |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2024-1439793/teams |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; text-align: left;"
|-
! Team || City / Region || Period
|-
| Bezwada Tigers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bezawada Tigers Cricket Team {{!}} BET {{!}} Bezawada Tigers Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/bezawada-tigers-1324248 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || [[Vijayawada]] || 2022-24
|-
| Coastal Riders<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coastal Riders Cricket Team {{!}} COR {{!}} Coastal Riders Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/coastal-riders-1324241 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || [[Coastal Andhra]] || 2022-24
|-
| Godavari Titans<ref>{{Cite web |title=Godavari Titans Cricket Team {{!}} GOT {{!}} Godavari Titans Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/godavari-titans-1324242 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || Godavari Region || 2022-24
|-
| Rayalaseema Kings<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rayalaseema Kings Cricket Team {{!}} RAK {{!}} Rayalaseema Kings Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/rayalaseema-kings-1324244 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || [[Rayalaseema]] || 2022-24
|-
| Uttarandhra Lions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarandhra Lions Cricket Team {{!}} UTL {{!}} Uttarandhra Lions Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/uttarandhra-lions-1324243 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || [[North Andhra]] || 2022-24
|-
| Vizag Warriors<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vizag Warriors Cricket Team {{!}} VIW {{!}} Vizag Warriors Team News and Matches |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/vizag-warriors-1324245 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || [[Visakhapatnam]] || 2022-24
|}

=== Timeline of teams ===
<timeline>
DateFormat = yyyy
ImageSize = width:500 height:auto barincrement:25
Period = from:2022 till:2026
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
PlotArea = right:120 left:20 bottom:50 top:5 #> to display a count on the left side of the graph, use "left:20" to suppress the count, use "left:20"<#
Colors = id:barcolor
id:line value:pink
id:bg value:white
id:Present value:rgb(0.4,0.80,0.67) # Use this color to denote a team that is a current league member
id:Former value:rgb(0.742,0.727,0.852) # Use this color to denote a team that is a former league member

PlotData=

width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:S

bar:1 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Amaravati Royals (2025-present)

bar:2 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Bhimavaram Bulls (2025-present)

bar:3 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Kakinada Kings (2025-present)

bar:4 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Tungabhadra Warriors (2025-present)

bar:5 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Bezwada Tigers (2022–2024)
bar:5 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Vijayawada Sunshiners (2025-present)

bar:6 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Rayalaseema Kings (2022–2024)
bar:6 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Royals of Rayalaseema (2025-present)

bar:7 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Vizag Warriors (2022–2024)
bar:7 color:Present from:2025 till:end text: Simhadri Vizag Lions (2025-present)

bar:8 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Uttarandhra Lions (2022–2024)

bar:9 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Coastal Riders (2022–2024)

bar:10 color:Former from:2022 till:2025: text: Godavari Titans (2022–2024)

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:1 start:2022
TextData =
fontsize:L
textcolor:black
pos:(0,30) tabs:(400-center)
text:
</timeline>

{{Font color||{{RGB|102|205|170}}|Present teams}} {{Font color||{{RGB|190|186|220}}|Former teams}}

== Tournament season and results ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Season || colspan=4 | Final || rowspan=2 | Player of the season
|-
! Venue || Winners || Result || Runners-up
|-
! 2022
| rowspan=4 | [[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]] || Coastal Riders 176/8 (19.1) || '''Won by 7 runs''' [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2022-1324246/coastal-riders-vs-bezawada-tigers-final-1324267/full-scorecard Scorecard] || Bezawada Tigers 169/7 (20) || {{N/A}}
|-
! 2023
| Rayalaseema Kings 160/5 (16.3) || '''Won by 5 wickets''' [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2023-1391663/coastal-riders-vs-rayalaseema-kings-final-1391682/full-scorecard Scorecard] || Coastal Riders 155/8 (18) || Maramreddy Reddy
|-
! 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-14 |title=Vizag Warriors bag Andhra Premier League Season 3 championship |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-warriors-bag-andhra-premier-league-season-3-championship/article68403935.ece |access-date=2024-09-15 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X }}</ref>
| Vizag Warriors 189/5 (20) || '''Won by 87 runs''' [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2024-1439793/uttarandhra-lions-vs-vizag-warriors-final-1441870/full-scorecard Scorecard] || Uttarandhra Lions 102/10 (16.3) || [[Ashwin Hebbar]]
|-
! 2025
| Tungabhadra Warriors 195/5 (18) || '''Won by 5 wickets'''|| Amaravati Royals 194/7 (20) || [[Hanuma Vihari]]
|}

== Team performance ==
* Teams are listed alphabetically.
** {{Color box|gold|C|border=darkgray}}: Champions
** {{Color box|silver|RU|border=darkgray}}: Runners-up
** {{Color box|cfc|PO|border=darkgray}}: team qualified for the Playoffs
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! {{diagonal split header| Franchise|Season}}
! 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2022 {{!}} 2022 Andhra Premier League {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2022-1324246 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>|| 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2023 {{!}} 2023 Andhra Premier League {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2023-1391663 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> || 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=APL 2024 {{!}} 2024 Andhra Premier League {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/andhra-premier-league-2024-1439793 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
!2025
|-
|{{left|Amaravati Royals}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
| style="background:silver" | RU
|-
|{{left|Bhimavaram Bulls}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
| style="background:#cd7f32" | 3rd
|-
|{{left|Kakinada Kings}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|5th
|-
|{{left|Royals of Rayalaseema}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|7th
|-
|{{left|Simhadri Vizag Lions}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|6th
|-
|{{left|Tungabhadra Warriors}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
| style="background:gold" | C
|-
|{{left|Vijayawada Sunshiners}}
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
| style="background:#cfc" | 4th
|-
| {{left|<s>Bezwada Tigers</s>}}
| style="background:silver" | RU
| 5th
| 6th
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|-
| {{left|<s>Coastal Riders</s>}}
| style="background:gold" | C
| style="background:silver" | RU
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|-
| {{left|<s>Godavari Titans</s>}}
| 6th
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
| 5th
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|-
| {{left|<s>Rayalaseema Kings</s>}}
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
| style="background:gold" | C
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|-
| {{left|<s>Uttarandhra Lions</s>}}
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
| style="background:#cfc" | PO
| style="background:silver" | RU
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|-
| {{left|<s>Vizag Warriors</s>}}
| 5th
| 6th
| style="background:gold" | C
|style="background: #D5D8DC;" colspan=1|
|}

=== Overall statistics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Franchise || {{Abbr|App.|Number of appearances}} || {{Abbr|Mat.|Matches played}} || {{Abbr|W|Matches won}} || {{Abbr|L|Matches lost}} || {{Abbr|NR|No Result matches}}
|-
|{{left|Amaravati Royals}}
|1
|8
|6
|2
|0
|-
|{{left|Bhimavaram Bulls}}
|1
|8
|3
|3
|2
|-
|{{left|Kakinada Kings}}
|1
|6
|2
|4
|0
|-
|{{left|Royals of Rayalaseema}}
|1
|6
|1
|4
|1
|-
|{{left|Simhadri Vizag Lions}}
|1
|6
|1
|3
|2
|-
|{{left|Tungabhadra Warriors}}
|1
|9
|6
|3
|0
|-
|{{left|Vijayawada Sunshiners}}
|1
|7
|3
|3
|1
|-
| {{left|<s>Bezwada Tigers</s>}} || 3 || 18 || 4 || 10 || 4
|-
| {{left|<s>Coastal Riders</s>}} || 3 || 20 || 11 || 7 || 2
|-
| {{left|<s>Godavari Titans</s>}} || 3 || 17 || 5 || 11 || 1
|-
| {{left|<s>Rayalaseema Kings</s>}} || 3 || 22 || 12 || 6 || 4
|-
| {{left|<s>Uttarandhra Lions</s>}} || 3 || 19 || 10 || 8 || 1
|-
| {{left|<s>Vizag Warriors</s>}} || 3 || 18 || 9 || 9 || 0
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Cricket in India}}
{{Sports leagues of India}}

[[Category:Cricket in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Regional cricket leagues in India]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 2022]]

Niman Jodh

2026-01-20T22:16:11Z

Meet: put up data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Niman Jodh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 151
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/253965-niman-jodh-bihar.html|title=Census 2011, Niman Jodh village Data}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Niman Jodh''' is a village in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

{{AurangabadBihar-geo-stub}}

Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha

2026-01-20T02:46:44Z

Meet: Stub

{{Short description|Indian political alliance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|name=Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha
|eci=Unrecognised
|abbreviation=BPM
|colorcode=Green
|logo=File:Red-green-blue flag.svg
|leader=[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|chairman=[[Waman Meshram]]
|president=[[Babu Singh Kushwaha]]
|ideology=[[Islam in India|Minority]], [[Indigenous peoples|Adivasi]], [[Dalit]] [[Human rights|Rights]] [[Constitutionalism]] [[Secularism]] [[Democracy]]
|foundation={{start date and age|df=yes|2022|01|22}}
| dissolution={{start date and age|df=yes|2023|03|06}}
|founder=[[Asaduddin Owaisi]] and [[Babu Singh Kushwaha]], [[Waman Meshram]]
| state_seats_name = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|403|hex=Green}}
|no_states={{Composition bar|0|31|hex=Green}}
|loksabha_seats={{Composition bar|0|543|hex=Green}}
|rajyasabha_seats={{Composition bar|0|245|hex=Green}}
|position=[[Big tent]]}}
The '''Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha''' is a Political Alliance of [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], Jan Adhikar Party of [[Babu Singh Kushwaha]], Rashtriya Parivartan Morcha of [[Waman Meshram]], [[Bahujan Mukti Party]], Bhartiya Vanchit Samaj Party and Janata Kranti Party for [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Vineet|date=2022-01-22|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections: Owaisi, Kushwaha and Meshram forms 'Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha' {{!}} उत्तर प्रदेश विधानसभा चुनाव: ओवैसी, कुशवाहा और मेश्राम ने बनाया 'भागीदारी परिवर्तन मोर्चा' |url=https://www.indiatv.in/elections/news/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-owaisi-kushwaha-and-meshram-forms-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-2022-01-22-832623|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.indiatv.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Battle for UP: AIMIM launches Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha, promises 2 CMs|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/battle-for-up-aimim-launches-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-promises-2-cms/articleshow/89070418.cms|access-date=2022-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=AIMIM joins hands with Babu Singh Kushwaha & Bharat Mukti Morcha|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/aimim-joins-hands-with-babu-singh-kushwaha-bharat-mukti-morcha-7737363/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=पीडी:::चुनाव:::ओवैसी की पार्टी के साथ आए कई छोटे दल, बना भागीदारी परिवर्तन मोर्चा|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/new-delhi/story-pd-election-many-small-parties-came-along-with-owaisi-39-s-party-formed-partnership-parivartan-morcha-5637739.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AIMIM Joins Battle for UP as Owaisi Launches Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha, Promises 2 CMs - Bharat Times English News|url=https://eng.bharattimes.co.in/aimim-joins-battle-for-up-as-owaisi-launches-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-promises-2-cms/|access-date=2022-01-23|language=en-US|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123063251/https://eng.bharattimes.co.in/aimim-joins-battle-for-up-as-owaisi-launches-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-promises-2-cms/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Morcha had promised Two [[Chief Ministers]] and Three [[Deputy Chief Minister (India)|Deputy Chief Ministers]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UP polls: AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi announces new front, proposes 2 CMs, 3 Dy CMs|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/up-polls-aimim-chief-asaduddin-owaisi-announces-new-front-proposes-2-cms-3-dy-cms-2430031.html/amp|access-date=2022-01-23|website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> if they come to power.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battle for UP: AIMIM launches Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha, promises 2 CMs - The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/battle-for-up-aimim-launches-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-promises-2-cms/articleshow/89070418.cms|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Owaisi launches new front for UP polls, promises two CMs - The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/01/22/owaisi-launches-new-front-for-up-polls-promises-two-cms.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.theweek.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Owaisi now promises two CMs for UP|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/owaisi-now-promises-two-cms-for-up-363579|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-22|title=Owaisi now promises two CMs for UP, if his new front gets power|url=https://theprint.in/india/owaisi-now-promises-two-cms-for-up-if-his-new-front-gets-power/810557/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> Morcha decided to support Candidates of [[Peace Party of India]] in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-16 |title=UP Chunav: ओवैसी की घोषणा- एक-दूसरे के उम्मीदवारों का समर्थन करेंगे भागीदारी परिवर्तन मोर्चा और पीस पार्टी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/elections/article/aimim-chief-asaduddin-owaisi-says-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-will-support-candidates-of-peace-party-up-elections/388546 |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=www.timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Election: 'भागीदारी परिवर्तन मोर्चा' गठबंधन में शामिल हुई 'पीस पार्टी', AIMIM चीफ ने किया ये ऐलान |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/up-assembly-elections/story/up-election-peace-party-joins-bhagidari-parivartan-morcha-alliance-aimim-chief-asaduddin-owaisi-announced-ntc-1412934-2022-02-16 |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi}}</ref>

== Candidates ==
Source:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=यूपी चुनावः AIMIM ने जारी की उम्मीदवारों की 8वीं सूची, बबलू सिंह 'गोल्डी' को फिरोजाबाद से टिकट|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/up-assembly-elections/story/aimim-released-8th-list-of-candidates-for-up-assembly-elections-2022-ntc-1402815-2022-01-31|access-date=2022-02-03|website=Aaj Tak|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=बहुजन मुक्ति पार्टी ने चार उम्मीदवारों के नाम तय किए|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/story-bahujan-mukti-party-names-four-candidates-5616837.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2022 |first=Pervez |last=Siddiqui |title=jamali: BSP turncoat, sitting MLA Jamali is AIMIM candidate in Mubarakpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bsp-turncoat-sitting-mla-jamali-is-aimim-candidate-in-mubarakpur/articleshow/89579827.cms |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Candidate name
! scope="col" | Constituency
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| Priti Mishra || [[Shikohabad (Assembly constituency)|Shikohabad]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Irfan Ahmad Malik || [[Domariyaganj (Assembly constituency)|Domariyaganj]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mo Rafiq || [[Sandila (Assembly constituency)|Sandila]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mo Usman Siddique || [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Lakhimpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mohd Islam || [[Gorakhpur Rural (Assembly constituency)|Gorakhpur Rural]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Abdul Qadir || [[Allahabad North (Assembly constituency)|Allahabad North]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Haider || [[Pratappur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Pratappur]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Sita Ram Saroj || [[Soraon (Assembly constituency)|Soraon]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mohammad Asif (Hakeem ji)|| [[Gopalpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| D.P Singh || [[Rampur Maniharan (Assembly constituency)|Rampur Maniharan]]
|{{party name with color|Bahujan Mukti Party}}
|-
| Chaudhary Sonu Kumar || [[Nakur (Assembly constituency)|Nakur]]
| {{party name with color|Bahujan Mukti Party}}
|-
| Maulana Umair Madni || [[Deoband (Assembly constituency)|Deoband]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Rita || [[Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency)|Saharanpur Rural]]
| {{party name with color|Bahujan Mukti Party}}
|-
|[[Shah Alam (Indian politician)|Guddu Jamali]] || [[Mubarakpur (Assembly constituency)|Mubarakpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Abdullaha || [[Gopalpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Kamar Kamal || [[Azamgarh (Assembly constituency)|Azamgarh]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Abdur Rahman || [[Nizamabad (Assembly constituency)|Nizamabad]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mohd Javed || [[Didarganj (Assembly constituency)|Didarganj]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Karamveer Azad || [[Mehnagar (Assembly constituency)|Mehnagar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Adv Nayab Ahmad || [[Shahganj (Assembly constituency)|Shahganj]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Abhay Raj Bharti || [[Jaunpur (Assembly constituency)|Jaunpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Ramzan Ali || [[Mungra Badshahpur (Assembly constituency)|Mungra Badshahpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| DR. Mohd Saad Adil || [[Ghazipur Sadar (Assembly constituency)|Ghazipur Sadar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Shaukat Ali || [[Zahoorabad (Assembly constituency)|Zahoorbad]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Abid Ali || [[Mughalsarai (Assembly constituency)|Mughalsarai]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Harish Mishra || [[Varanasi North (Assembly constituency)|Varanasi North]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Parvez Quadir Khan || [[Varanasi South (Assembly constituency)|Varanasi South]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Ravi Shankar Jaiswal || [[Bhadohi (Assembly constituency)|Bhadohi]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Terhai Ram || [[Aurai (Assembly constituency)|Aurai]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Badruddin Hashmi || [[Mirzapur (Assembly constituency)|Mirzapur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Md Shameem Khan || [[Ballia Nagar (Assembly constituency)|Ballia Sadar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Pandit Manmohan Gama || [[Sahibabad (Assembly constituency)|Sahibabad]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}

|-
| Intaezaar Ansari || [[Muzaffarnagar (Assembly constituency)|Muzaffarnagar Sadar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Tahir Ansari || [[Charthawal (Assembly constituency)|Charthawal]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Talib Siddiqui || [[Bhojpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bhojpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Sadiq Ali || [[Jhansi Nagar (Assembly constituency)|Jhansi Sadar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Sher Afghan || [[Rudauli (Assembly constituency)|Rudauli]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Taufeeq Pradhan || [[Bithari Chainpur (Assembly constituency)|Bithri Chainpur]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Dr. Abdul Mannan || [[Utraula (Assembly constituency)|Utraula]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Dr. Mahtab || [[Loni (Assembly constituency)|Loni]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Furqan Chaudhari || [[Garhmukteshwar (Assembly constituency)|Garh Mukteshwar]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Haji Arif ||[[Dholana (Assembly constituency)|Dhaulana]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Rafat Khan || [[Siwalkhas (Assembly constituency)|Siwal Khas]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Zeeshan Alam || [[Sardhana (Assembly constituency)|Saradhana]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Tasleem Ahmad || [[Kithore (Assembly constituency)|Kithore]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Amjad Ali || [[Behat (Assembly constituency)|Behat]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Raju Khan || [[Bareilly (Assembly constituency)|Bareily]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Marghoob Hasan || [[Saharanpur (Assembly constituency)|Saharanpur Rural]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Asim Waqar ||[[Lucknow West (Assembly constituency)|Lucknow West]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Salman Siddiqui ||[[Lucknow Central (Assembly constituency)|Lucknow Central]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Mohd Ali || [[Naugawan Sadat (Assembly constituency)|Naugawan Sadat]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| Geeta Rani ||[[Dhanaura (Assembly constituency)|Dhanaura]]
| {{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-party-stub}}

Ben Evangelisto

2026-01-13T21:04:19Z

Meet: New

{{Short description|Indian comedian and actor (born 1966)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ben Evangelisto
| image = Ben Evangelisto (cropped).jpg
| caption = Fernandes in 2013
| birth_name = Evangelisto Diogo Agnelo Fernandes
| other_names = Big Ben
| birth_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|9|10|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|singer|playwright}}
| years_active = 1980–2012; 2017–present
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/benevangelisto.fernandes}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Sibila Rodrigues|2008}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Evangelisto Diogo Agnelo Fernandes''' (born 10 September 1966), known professionally as '''Ben Evangelisto''', is an Indian comedian, actor, singer, and playwright known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions.

==Early life==
Evangelisto Diogo Agnelo Fernandes was born on 10 September 1966 in [[Margao, Goa]], India. He was the son of Caetano Fernandes, a [[seafarer]], and Maria Purificaçaò Goes, a [[homemaker]]. Fernandes's paternal uncle was a performer of moderate acclaim, known for his contribution in a minor capacity to the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''Jivit Amchem Oxem''. From a young age, Fernandes demonstrated an interest in [[Goan Konkani]] theater, known locally as ''[[tiatr]]s''. During his childhood at the age of 9, he was a frequent spectator at the non stop dramas presented by [[Rosario Rodrigues]], a popular figure in the [[Goan]] ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' tradition. Fernandes was also influenced by the similar works of young ''tiatr'' artists from Colva, such as Rosary Ferns. Following the viewing of these performances, he would go back to his uncle's residence in [[Salcete taluka#Salcette territory|Sernabatim]] and replicate the ''cants'' or songs from the ''tiatrs'', with a focus on those created by Rodrigues.<ref name=":1" />

At the age of 12, Fernandes matriculated at St. Anthony's [[boarding school]] located in Duler, [[Mapusa]]. During this period, he commenced composing his own unique ''tiatrs'', marking the start of his career as a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] playwright. During his tenure as a young boarding student at St. Anthony's, Fernandes exhibited an aptitude for acting, which was initially identified by the [[Franciscans]] [[Religious brother|brothers]]. While studying at the institution, he crafted brief dramatic pieces in Konkani and English, with the assistance of the brothers in bringing these theatrical works to life on stage. Fernandes also received additional training in music and singing from [[Mistri|mestre]] Anthony Velho. Among Fernandes's early dramatic writings was an English-language play titled ''Goa Today'' that addressed the emerging issue of [[drug addiction]] in the [[Goa]] region.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Fernandes rose to prominence in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater scene in the late 20th century. In 1980, his foray into acting commenced with the creation of the play ''Goa Today'' for an English theatrical production, ultimately winning in an inter-[[House system|house]] competition by clinching the first prize. Over the following years, he continued to participate in and win [[Costume party|fancy dress competitions]] in his local community. He then transitioned to acting in small Konkani ''[[tiatr]]s'' directed by local figures such as Cyril Fernandes and the Affonso Brothers. Fernandes' big break came when he was cast in a children's ''tiatr'' directed by [[Mini Mario (singer)|Mini Mario]], titled A''dim Tum, Atam Hanv'' (Before You, Now I Am). After this production, he achieved his goal of performing in ''tiatrs'' directed by the popular director [[Rosario Rodrigues]]. He was cast in Rodrigues' play ''Hanv Kallokant Sandlim'' (I've Lost in Darkness) as well as several other shows directed by Rodrigues.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2020-01-12 |title=On the funny side of things |work=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2020/01/12/magazines/buzz/on-the-funny-side-of-things/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> He later began collaborating with another well-known director, [[Roseferns]], appearing in his ''tiatr Beiman Tum'' (You Faithless One). This production ran for 60-70 shows, with Fernandes playing a comedic role as a "spring priest" that drew both praise and criticism from audiences. Following his work with Roseferns, he continued to act in multiple additional ''tiatrs'' directed by him over the subsequent years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=Panaji, Goa |pages=110–111}}</ref>

Fernandes' career has spanned multiple roles, including both acting and producing. Early in his career, he was cast by Roseferns to portray the [[Cross-gender acting|role of a grandmother]] in the ''tiatr Xinxe'' (Glass). He went on to perform in a series of ''tiatrs'' directed by other popular playwrights, including three productions by [[Jose Rod]], as well as works by [[C. D'Silva]], [[John D' Silva]], Rosario Rodrigues, [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], Pascoal Rodrigues, and [[Mario Menezes]]. Fernandes has also expanded his reach beyond [[Goa]], traveling abroad to perform ''tiatrs'' in the [[Gulf region]], the United Kingdom, France, Portugal, and Canada.<ref name=":1" /> In addition to his acting work, he has penned several non-stop ''tiatrs'', including ''Chondrim'' (Moon), ''Kidd'' (Worm), ''Pez'' ([[Congee]]), ''Devak Zai Zalear'' (If God Wills), among others. After collaborating with John D' Silva, he joined the troupe of Mario Menezes, appearing in acclaimed plays such as ''Mhoji Maim, Mhoji Dusman'' (My Mother, My Enemy) and ''Sangat Ami Bhurgim Konanchi?'' (Say, Whose Children Are We?). Fernandes has also directed and staged his own productions, including the play ''Kidd'' which was performed in London. His play ''Chondrim'' was particularly well-received, set against the [[Backdrop (theater)|backdrop]] of a waterfall.<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes is known for his dynamic and convincing performances in a range of roles. One of his acclaimed portrayals was in the production of ''To Amkam Visorlo'' (He Forgot Us), penned by playwright [[Jacinto Vaz]], imitating as Vaz himself. His talents were further showcased when he took on the same role in a [[revival (theatre)|revival]] of the classic work ''Sounsar Sudorlo'' by [[M. Boyer]], directed by [[Anil Kumar (actor)|Anil Kumar]]. He convincingly embodied Vaz's character, creating a performance that left audiences believing they were witnessing the return of Vaz himself to the stage. In addition to his own acting accomplishments, Fernandes played a role in reviving the careers of other popular [[Konkani language|Konkani]] artists. He played a role in persuading the Konkani singer [[Lorna Cordeiro]] to make a comeback to live performances. Subsequently, he collaborated with her in producing [[musical show]]s that were presented in key European cities including London, [[Paris]], and [[Lisbon]]. Fernandes also introduced the singer Nephie Rod to his own ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. After completing a successful two-year performance run in London, he decided to return to his hometown of [[Goa]] and became a member of [[Menino De Bandar]]'s theater ensemble.<ref name=":0" /> However, in December 2012, while participating in a comedic skit during an afternoon performance, he suffered a mild [[stroke]] while playing the [[tuba]], temporarily halting his involvement in [[Tiatr|Konkani theatre]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tiatr's ailing artists |url=https://www.thegoan.net//tiatr%E2%80%99s-ailing-artists/2439.html |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

Fernandes has had a varied career in Konkani theater. In 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Showcasing her acting chops on the tiatr stage |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Showcasing-her-acting-chops-on-the-tiatr-stage/206843 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> he returned to the stage with the production ''Goy, Goykar, Goykarponn'', authored by Mariano. He later wrote and produced his own 2020 play titled ''Utt Ani Chol'' (Get Up and Walk), which drew inspiration from his personal life experiences, health challenges, and [[Christianity|religious faith]]. For ''Utt Ani Chol'', Fernandes cast [[C. D'Silva]], an actor who had previously [[Cross-gender acting|portrayed elderly female characters]] in one of Fernandes' play ''Kidd''. Fernandes' wife, Sibila, who is also a ''[[tiatrist]]'', provided the [[voiceover]] for this production.<ref name=":0" /> Fernandes is known for his versatility as a comedic performer. He is particularly acclaimed for his ability to impersonate a range of famous personalities, including [[Jacinto Vaz]], [[Remo Fernandes]], [[Michael Jackson]], and [[Bob Marley]], among others. His performance mimicking Michael Jackson's signature dance moves and rendition of Michael Jackson's song "[[Black or White]]" in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] garnered praise from audiences. In September 2021, Fernandes expanded his [[repertoire]] by appearing as a singer, alongside his daughter Ben Cecilia, in a musical homage dedicated to. This production was created by [[Maestro]] Shahu Almeida and was showcased on the platform [[YouTube]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Big Ben to star in Shanu's Global Musical Show to premiere on Sep 25 |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=873201 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Fernandes and his future wife Sibila Rodrigues met while the latter was a college student. In her third year of study, she finalized a project focusing on the theme "Amcho Goyncho Tiatr" (Our Goa's Tiatr). As part of this project, Rodrigues conducted an interview with Fernandes. Following the interview, they developed a romantic relationship.<ref name=":0" />

Sibila, the daughter of Batu Rodrigues, a ''[[tiatrist]]'' known for his work in [[Ribandar]], is also actively involved in the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] as a singer.{{cn|date=August 2024}} Fernandes resides in Vaswaddo in Benaulim, his father's hometown. His daughter, Cecilia, also known as Ben Cecilia,<ref name=":5" /> is a Konkani singer like her parents. Fernandes is a devout [[Christian]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />

===2012 health setback===
In December 2012, Fernandes encountered a mild [[stroke]] while engaged in a [[tuba]] performance<ref name=":0" /> within a ''[[tiatr]]'' production at [[Ravindra Bhavan, Margao]]. He was transported to a nearby private medical facility and promptly admitted to the [[intensive care unit]] (ICU) to receive immediate medical attention. Tests carried out on Fernandes detected a [[blood clot]], which was successfully treated and resolved within the subsequent three days. He remained hospitalized under close monitoring for several additional days before being discharged after a total of five days.<ref name=":2" /> Fernandes later made a return to performing ''tiatrs'' in August 2017 with the production ''Goem, Goenkar, Goenkarponn'' (Goa, Goans, Goaness) directed by Mario Fernandes. However, the stroke had left Fernandes with lasting partial [[paralysis]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=A new-age tiatr with a musical touch |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/a-newage-tiatr-with-a-musical-touch/36026.html |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evangelisto, Ben}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Mukesh Gautam

2026-01-04T20:48:30Z

Meet: basic added intro after review

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|bio|date=April 2015}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{infobox person
| name = Mukesh Gautam
| image =
| birth_date = 1 july 1970
| birth_place = Uttar Pradesh, Sahanpur
| caption =
| occupation = Film director
| children = {{flatlist|
* [[Yami Gautam|Yami]]
* [[Surilie Gautam|Surilie]]
}}
| title = Chief Advisor, [[PTC Network]]
}}

'''Mukesh Gautam''' is an Indian film director and works predominantly in [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]-language films. He is known for his films ''[[Akhiyaan Udeekdian]]'' (2009), ''[[Ek Noor]]'' (2011), ''[[Kuknoos]]'' (2016) and ''[[Baghi Di Dhee]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web|title=Ek Noor – Punjabi Film Special Screening|url=http://www.punjabiportal.com/articles/ek-noor-punjabi-film-special-screening|publisher=punjabi portal|accessdate=17 February 2013|archive-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504054630/http://www.punjabiportal.com/articles/ek-noor-punjabi-film-special-screening|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is also the father of Bollywood actress [[Yami Gautam]] and [[Surilie Gautam]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Jasmine|title=Punjab movie Ek Noor, to be released on November 12, brings forth the message of organ donation|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101014/ttlife1.htm|work=The Tribune|accessdate=17 February 2013}}</ref>

==Life==
He is [[Himachal Pradesh|Himachali]], have roots from [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]], Himachal. He is the father of [[Yami Gautam]] and [[Surilie Gautam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Family and friends bid adieu to comedy king Jaspal Bhatti|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Family-and-friends-bid-adieu-to-comedy-king-Jaspal-Bhatti/SP-Article1-949756.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026235147/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Family-and-friends-bid-adieu-to-comedy-king-Jaspal-Bhatti/SP-Article1-949756.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2012|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=17 February 2013}}</ref>

He has created [[docudrama]]s on the life and contributions of [[Baba Sheikh Farid]], [[Baba Bulleh Shah]], [[Waris Shah]], noted Punjabi singers Bibi [[Surinder Kaur]], [[Kuldeep Manak]], [[Ustad Puran Shahkoti]], humourist K Deep, singer [[Gurmeet Bawa]], [[Surjit Bindrakhia]], [[Sarabjit Kokewali]], Sartaj etc. He received a national award from the radio and television fraternity for an outstanding film about Sayyed Waris Shah. Apart from that, he has created around 50 short features on art, culture, history, traditions, rituals and personalities of Punjab Named as Virsa. Noteworthy among those are "Origin of Chandigarh", "Gurudwara", "Tradition of Langar", "Punj Kakaar", "Ma Boli", "Chhaju Da Chaubara", "Dhabas on GT Road", "Making of Gur", and noted writer [[Amrita Pritam]].
Recently, He received a National Film award for his film [[Baghi Di Dhee]] as the best Punjabi Film of the year 2024

Currently,{{when|date=October 2025}} he is working on three feature films titled 'Shubh Karman' 'Amazing Rano' and 'MOHNA' which are based on social life & values and sports respectively.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}}

==Filmography==
*''Akhiyaan Udeekdian'' (2009)
*''Ek Noor'' (2011)
*''Kuknoos '' (2016)
*''Azaab '' (2018)
*''Baghi Di Dhee '' (2022)

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1815713}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gautam, Mukesh}}
[[Category:Punjabi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Machiyar

2026-01-02T10:27:10Z

Meet: new

{{Short description|Muslim Machhiyara tribe}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
The '''Machiyara, Machhiyara''' or '''Machhimar''' ({{Langx|sd|ماڇي}}) is a Muslim community of fishing{{Clarify|reason=fishermen? fisherfolk?|date=September 2025}}, they are found throughout the coastal area of state of Gujarat [[RupenBandar Dwarka, bhogat Bandar, Navdra Bandar, Harshad Bandar, Gosabara, Madhavpur Ghed, Sil Bandar, Mangrol Bara, Chorvad, Jaaleshwar Veraval, Hirakot, Dhamlej, Muldwarka, ChraBara, Vasan Vel, Jakhau,|RupenBandar Dwarka, Bhogat Bandar, Navdra Bandar, Harshad Bandar, Gosabara, Madhavpur Ghed, Sil Bandar, Mangrol Bara, Chorvad, Jaaleshwar Veraval, Hirakot, Dhamlej, Muldwarka, ChraBara, Vasan Vel, Jakhau,]] in India. Machhimar originated from State of Saurashtra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=raysipotra+tribe&pg=PA487 |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |pages=789 |language=en}}</ref>

Machhimar have many clans some of them ares surname: Bhesaliya, Pateliya, Luchani, Isbani, Radiya, Lothiya, Sama, Dhimar, Dhoki, Khariya, Kharai etc.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==

* [[Mohana (community)|Mohana]]
* [[Med people|Med]]
* [[Bhadala]]
* [[Bawarij]]

==References==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Sindhi tribes]]
[[Category:Sindhi tribes in India]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Kasturi Das

2025-12-05T04:49:50Z

Meet: made.

{{Short description|Indian politician (1953 – 2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}

'''Kasturi Das''' (1953 – 2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kasturi Das(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- MAHESHTALA(SOUTH 24 PARGANAS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=1532 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> was an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. She was a two time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Maheshtala Assembly constituency]] in [[South 24 Parganas district]]. She won the seat in the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]] and [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections]], representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Maheshtala Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/maheshtala-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> She died in 2018 necessitating a by-election which was won by her husband Dulal Das.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2018-05-31 |title=Trinamool wins Maheshtala assembly bypoll with big margin |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/trinamool-wins-mahestala-assembly-bypoll-with-big-margin/story-wQ6DyHNYhavUoioVlNdAgP.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032526/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/trinamool-wins-mahestala-assembly-bypoll-with-big-margin/story-wQ6DyHNYhavUoioVlNdAgP.html |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-01 |title=TMC retains Maheshtala Assembly seat with better margin, BJP distant second |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/tmc-retains-maheshtala-assembly-seat-with-better-margin-bjp-distant-second-5199548/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Das was from [[Maheshtala]], South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. She married Dulal Das. She studied Class 8 at Shyam Prasad Girls School and passed the examinations under Madhyamik Board. She discontinued her studies after Class 8. Her husband runs his own business.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Das won from Maheshtala Assembly constituency representing the All India Trinamool Congress in the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. She polled votes and defeated her nearest rival, Sheikh Mohammed Israil of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], by a margin of 24,283 votes.<ref name=":2" /> She retained the seat for Trinamool Congress winning the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. She defeated [[Samik Lahiri]] of the CPI (M) by a margin of 12,452 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-30 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Maheshtala profile: TMC's Kasturi Das won seat in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-maheshtala-profile-tmcs-kasturi-das-won-seat-in-2016-9194491.html |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Maheshtala Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Maheshtala Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-maheshtala-constituency-155.html |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Death ===
She died in 2018.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-31 |title=Trinamool Congress set for record victory in Maheshtala by-poll |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/trinamool-congress-set-for-record-victory-in-maheshtala-by-poll/article24043862.ece |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Kasturi}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

2014 Odisha hepatitis outbreak

2025-12-02T07:17:34Z

Meet: Done!

{{Short description|Disease outbreak in India}}
{{Outdated as of | year = 2018 | month = 03 | day = 27 | last updated = February 20, 2015 }}
{{Infobox event
|title=2014 Odisha hepatitis
outbreak
|image=

{{Location map | India
| width =
| float =
| caption =
| alt = Location of Sambalpur in India
| label = Sambalpur
| label_size = 100 
| position = bottom
| background = orange
| mark = Orange_pog.svg
| marksize = 8 
| lat_deg = 21.492042
| lon_deg = 83.984385
}}

|caption=Location of [[Sambalpur]] in [[India]] where the early cases were reported
|date=2014–2015
|place=[[Sambalpur]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
|casualties1=36 dead<ref name=Grapples/>
|casualties2=3,966+ infected<ref name=Grapples/>
}}

The '''2014 Odisha hepatitis outbreak''' (initially known as the ''2014 Sambalpur jaundice outbreak'', in relation to the predominant symptom and location) was an outbreak of mainly [[Hepatitis E]] and also [[Hepatitis A]] which began in the town of [[Sambalpur]] in [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref name=2More>{{cite news|title=Jaundice Resurfaces, Claims 2 More|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Resurfaces-Claims-2-More/2015/01/03/article2601550.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132919/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Resurfaces-Claims-2-More/2015/01/03/article2601550.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2015|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 January 2014}}</ref> The cause of the outbreak was suspected to be the contamination to drinking water supplied by the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED).<ref name=HepinSBP>{{cite news|title=Hepatitis in Sambalpur|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Hepatitis-in-Sambalpur/2014/10/31/article2501156.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208085754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Hepatitis-in-Sambalpur/2014/10/31/article2501156.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 8, 2014|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=31 October 2014}}</ref>

By February 2015, it had spread and cases were being reported from [[Bolangir district]] near Sambalpur, and some coastal districts like [[Cuttack]], [[Khurda]] and [[Jajpur]]. The epidemic is still to be brought under control as of February 2015.<ref name=Grapples>{{cite news|title=Odisha grapples with jaundice outbreak|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/460129/odisha-grapples-jaundice-outbreak.html|access-date=17 February 2015|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=17 February 2015}}</ref>

==Timeline==

===September 2014===
Following the monsoon floods, cases of [[jaundice]] and [[dengue]] were reported from Sambalpur. The increase in reported jaundice was attributed to broken water supply lines, into which drain water was seeping in.<ref name=Flood>{{cite news|title=Flood to Blame in Sambalpur|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Flood-to-Blame-in-Sambalpur/2014/09/19/article2438748.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213143330/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Flood-to-Blame-in-Sambalpur/2014/09/19/article2438748.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2014|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 September 2014}}</ref>

===November 2014===
In late November 2014, water samples were sent to [[National Institute of Virology]], [[Pune]]. By this time, an average of 20 cases were being reported daily and 6 had died. A total of 677 cases had been reported.<ref name=Grips>{{cite news|title=Jaundice grips Sambalpur, water samples to be sent to Pune|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/jaundice-grips-sambalpur-water-samples-to-be-sent-to-pune_1505695.html|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[Zee News]]|date=27 November 2014}}</ref>

===December 2014===
A state government task force was formed to stop the outbreak. The 5 water samples sent to the [[National Institute of Virology]] were found negative. 50 more water samples were sent for testing. The PHED water supply to the worst affected areas was stopped. 818 persons had been infected by this time and 10 had died.<ref name=GripOf>{{cite news|title=Sambalpur in the Grip of Jaundice|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Sambalpur-in-the-Grip-of-Jaundice/2014/12/08/article2560407.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132914/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Sambalpur-in-the-Grip-of-Jaundice/2014/12/08/article2560407.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2015|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=8 December 2014}}</ref>

The Food Safety Officer of Sambalpur Municipality, Rudra Pratap, raided roadside food stalls on 3 December. He seized and destroyed more than 100 kg of unhygienic food being sold. A meeting of 250 food stall owners was conducted on 5 December by the city administration. They were instructed to observe various cleanliness standards.<ref name=Raid>{{cite news|title=Jaundice Scare: Civic Body Raids Eateries|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Scare-Civic-Body-Raids-Eateries/2014/12/05/article2556061.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107140032/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Scare-Civic-Body-Raids-Eateries/2014/12/05/article2556061.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2015|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=5 December 2014}}</ref> On 11 December 2014, the collector Balwant Singh announced that the local cultural festival, Sambalpur Lok Mahotsav, which was to be held from 4 January will be cancelled.<ref name=LokMaho>{{cite news|title=Jaundice Scare: Lok Mahotsav Cancelled|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Scare-Lok-Mahotsav-Cancelled/2014/12/11/article2566020.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107132922/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Jaundice-Scare-Lok-Mahotsav-Cancelled/2014/12/11/article2566020.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2015|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

By 24 December, the number of infected had risen to 1,547 and 17 had died. It was speculated that a poor drainage system and damaged water supply pipes were causing the infections.<ref name=CasesRise>{{cite news|title=Jaundice Cases Rise to 1,547 in Odisha's Sambalpur|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/jaundice-cases-rise-to-1-547-in-odisha-s-sambalpur-639228|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[NDTV]]|date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

On 26 December, 88 blood samples were collected from admitted patients. 21 were found to contain the [[Hepatitis A]] virus and 4 [[Hepatitis E]] virus.<ref name=2More/> On the same day, the town was visited by a team from central government, consisting of P Verma of [[National Centre for Disease Control]] (NCDC); Vidya Arankalle of [[National Institute of Virology]], [[Pune]] and Manju of [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).<ref name=CentralH>{{cite news|title=Central Health team visits Sambalpur|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/central-health-team-visits-sambalpur-114122600738_1.html|access-date=7 January 2015|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=26 December 2014}}</ref>

===January 2015===
The [[Odisha High Court]] on 12 January 2015 asked the state government to submit a report on the steps taken to check the outbreak.<ref name=JaundiceHC>{{cite news|title=HC issues notice to Odisha govt. on jaundice outbreak in Sambalpur|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hc-issues-notice-to-odisha-govt-on-jaundice-outbreak-in-sambalpur/article6782456.ece|access-date=13 January 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2015}}</ref> On 21 January, Sambalpur district administration, Public Health department and Sambalpur Municipality filed affidavits at the court detailing the steps taken to check the outbreak.<ref name=affidavit>{{cite news|title=Odisha govt agencies file affidavits in HC on jaundice situation in Sambalpur|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/109401/odisha-govt-agencies-file-affidavits-hc-jaundice-situation-sambalpur/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132951/http://odishasuntimes.com/109401/odisha-govt-agencies-file-affidavits-hc-jaundice-situation-sambalpur/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=January 28, 2015|access-date=25 January 2015|work=Odisha Sun Times|date=21 January 2015}}</ref>

On 17 January 2015, families of the dead and affected filed 450 [[First Information Report|police complaint]]s against various public officials. They demanded that {{currency|100,000|INR}} should given as compensation to the family of the dead and {{currency|50,000|INR}} to the infected.<ref name=FIRs>{{cite news|title=Families of Sambalpur jaundice victims lodge FIRs against Odisha govt agencies|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/108784/families-sambalpur-jaundice-victims-lodge-firs-odisha-govt-agencies/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311201246/http://odishasuntimes.com/108784/families-sambalpur-jaundice-victims-lodge-firs-odisha-govt-agencies/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 11, 2022|access-date=25 January 2015|work=Odisha Sun Times|date=17 January 2015}}</ref>

===February 2015===
By 12 February 2015, responding to a [[Public Interest Litigation]] filed by a Corporator of Cuttack Municipal Corporation, Giribala Behera, the Odisha High Court directed the state government to form a high level committee to check the epidemic.<ref name=PanelJaundice>{{cite news|title=HC Asks Government to Form Panel to Check Jaundice|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/HC-Asks-Government-to-Form-Panel-to-Check-Jaundice/2015/02/13/article2666821.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217125000/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/HC-Asks-Government-to-Form-Panel-to-Check-Jaundice/2015/02/13/article2666821.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2015|access-date=17 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=13 February 2015}}</ref>

By 16 February 2015, the state had declared the districts Sambalpur, Bolangir, Cuttack, Khurda, and Jajpur as jaundice affected. By now Sambalpur had reported 2,945 and Cuttack had reported 116 cases, with there being total 3,966 cases from the state. The official death toll was 36 but unofficially it was estimated to be 50. A separate ward was set up in [[Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College]], Cuttack to treat the victims.<ref name=Grapples/>

==See also==
* [[List of epidemics]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Epidemics}}

[[Category:Hepatitis outbreaks]]
[[Category:2014 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India]]
[[Category:2010s epidemics]]
[[Category:Health in Odisha]]
[[Category:Disasters in Odisha]]
[[Category:2010s in Odisha]]
[[Category:2014 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Hepatitis A]]

Consulate General of Germany, Chennai

2025-11-26T06:38:07Z

Meet: started data

{{short description|Diplomatic mission in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = Deutsches Generalkonsulat in Chennai Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany in Chennai
|body =
|native_name = ஜெர்மானியத் துணைதூதரகம், சென்னை
|insignia =
|insigniasize = 150px
|insigniacaption =
|department = Federal Foreign Office
|image =
|alt =
|incumbent = Michaela Küchler
|incumbentsince = 2022
|style = Consul general
|residence =
|nominator =
|nominatorpost =
|appointer =
|appointerpost =
|termlength =
|inaugural =
|formation =
|last =
|abolished =
|succession =
|deputy =
|salary =
|website = {{Official|https://india.diplo.de/in-en/vertretungen/generalkonsulat2}}
}}

The '''Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany in Chennai''' represents the interests of the [[Germany|German government]] in [[Chennai]] and surrounding regions. The current Consul General is Michaela Küchler, incumbent since 2022. She succeeds Karin Christina Maria Stoll.

==Location==
The Consulate General is located at 9 Boat Club Road, [[Raja Annamalaipuram]]. Until 2006, it was located at 22 Ethiraj Road, [[Egmore]].<ref>{{cite news | title = German Consulate to be shifted | newspaper = Andhra Cafe | publisher = Andhra Cafe.com | date = 11 March 2006 | url = http://andhracafe.com/index.php?m=show&id=4944 | access-date = 10 February 2012 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022529/http://andhracafe.com/index.php?m=show&id=4944 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Goethe Institute, the cultural institute of Germany, is located at 4 Rutland Gate, 5th Street, [[Nungambakkam]].

==History==
{{Expand section|date=October 2012}}
With [[Calcutta]]-based German Consulate becoming the most important Consulate of the [[German Reich]], the Madras and the [[Bombay]] consulates were placed under the jurisdiction of the German Consulate in Calcutta in 1886.<ref>{{cite web| title = Bengal and Germany: Some Aspects of Political, Economic and Intellectual Encounter| publisher = Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany| url = http://www.india.diplo.de/contentblob/3184072/Daten/2137509/download_datei_bengal_germany.pdf| access-date = 13 Oct 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140630104206/http://www.india.diplo.de/contentblob/3184072/Daten/2137509/download_datei_bengal_germany.pdf| archive-date = 30 June 2014| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Functions==
The consular districts falling under the jurisdiction of the Chennai Consulate General are [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], and the Union Territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The consular services provided by the German Consulate Chennai to Indian Citizens include life certificates and pension certificates; attestation of documents, signatures and copies; German value added tax refund; and marriages both in India and Germany.

In June 2005, the Consulate General introduced an online appointment service for all categories of visa applications.<ref>{{cite news| title = German consulate in Chennai unveils online visa appointment service| newspaper = Business Line| location = Chennai| publisher = The Hindu| date = 23 June 2005| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/06/23/stories/2005062301441700.htm | access-date = 9 Feb 2012}}</ref> The Consulate General processes visa applications from the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and Puducherry.<ref>{{cite news | last = Subramanian| first = Karthik| title = IELTS or TOEFL, must for German student visa| location = Chennai| date = 3 July 2006| url = http://www.hindu.com/edu/2006/07/03/stories/2006070300761300.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120628005531/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2006/07/03/stories/2006070300761300.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 28 June 2012| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| access-date = 10 Feb 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title = German consulate in Bangalore formally inaugurated| newspaper = Deccan Herald| location = Bangalore | publisher = Deccan Herald| date = 21 November 2008 | url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov212008/city20081121102018.asp?section=updatenews| access-date = 10 Feb 2012 | url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131211220647/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov212008/city20081121102018.asp?section=updatenews | archive-date = 11 December 2013}}</ref> In 2006, the Consulate opened new visa application centres at Chennai, [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Kochi]]. In 2008, the [[Consulate General of Germany, Bangalore]] started handling applications from residents in [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite new| title = German Consulate to open more visa centres| location = Chennai| date = 15 November 2006| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/15/stories/2006111504340400.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070717033535/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/15/stories/2006111504340400.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 17 July 2007| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| access-date = 10 Feb 2012}}</ref> The number of visas has been going up by 10% annually.<ref>{{cite news| title = Germany first to open consulate in Bangalore | newspaper = New Kerala| location = Bangalore| publisher = New Kerala.com| date = 21 November 2008 | url = http://www.newkerala.com/topstory-fullnews-49847.html| access-date = 10 Feb 2012}}</ref>

==List of consuls general==
{{Expand section|date=February 2014}}
* Klaus Schroeder (2000)
* Hans-Burkhardt Sauerteig (–August 2011)
* Stefan Weckbach (August 2011–July 2014)
* Achim Fabig (July 2014–July 2018)
* Karin Christina Maria Stoll (July 2018–July 2022)<ref>{{cite news | title = Right Time to Invest in India: German Diplomat | newspaper = Outlook | publisher = Outlook India.com | date = 16 October 2014 | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Right-Time-to-Invest-in-India-German-Diplomat/864211 | access-date = 15 Jan 2015}}</ref>
* Michaela Küchler (July 2022–date)<ref>{{cite web| url = https://india.diplo.de/in-en/ueber-uns/chennai/cv-eng/2001126| title = Consul General Michaela Küchler| website = German Missions in India| publisher = German Federal Foreign Office| access-date = 10 November 2024}}</ref>

==Goethe Institut==
The Goethe Institut Chennai, known locally as the ''Max Mueller Bhavan Chennai'', is the cultural institute of the Federal Republic of Germany at Chennai. It was founded in 1960. Formerly located at Khader Nawaz Khan Road, Nungambakkam for 19 years since 1988, the centre was moved to a 13,000-sq-ft premises located at 4 Rutland Gate, 5th Street, [[Thousand Lights]] region of Chennai in 2007.<ref>{{cite news| title = Max Mueller Bhavan gets new identity| location = Chennai| date = 14 May 2007| url = http://www.hindu.com/edu/2007/05/14/stories/2007051450440600.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071027134934/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2007/05/14/stories/2007051450440600.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 27 October 2007| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| access-date = 9 Feb 2012}}</ref> It houses a library and information centre, language department, education department and culture department, in addition to an auditorium and an art gallery. The German Academic Exchange Services (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst or DAAD Information Centre) also functions from the Goethe Institut premises. The centre promotes knowledge of German language and fosters international cooperation by advancing Germany's cultural, social and political life.

===DAAD Information Centre===
The DAAD Information Center Chennai is a service centre for Indian students and scholars established by the German Academic Exchange Service in cooperation with Goethe Institut Chennai. Established in October 2001, the centre provides comprehensive and free counselling to students planning to study and research in Germany. {{cn|date=November 2021}} The DAAD Information Center Chennai offers counselling services for the Southern region of India covering Tamil Nadu, [[Karnataka]], Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. Services include information session on higher studies and research opportunities in Germany, individual counselling, annual education fairs and presentation at partner institutions, universities, or special occasions.

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany|India}}
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Chennai]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Germany]]
* [[Foreign policy of Germany]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]
* [[Foreign relations of Germany]]
* [[Germany–India relations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150510102628/http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/03__Chennai/Chennai.html Official website of the German Consulate General in Chennai]
* [http://www.goethe.de/ins/in/che/enindex.htm Homepage of Goethe-Institut/Max Mueller Bhavan Chennai]
* [http://ic.daad.de/chennai/home.htm DAAD Information Center Chennai homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132801/http://ic.daad.de/chennai/home.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}
* [http://indien.ahk.de/ Indo-German Chamber of Commerce homepage]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{German diplomatic missions}}
{{Diplomatic missions in India}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions of Germany|Chennai]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Chennai|Germany]]
[[Category:Germany–India relations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Cultural centres in Chennai]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Kadhayallithu Jeevitham

2025-11-25T18:16:58Z

Meet: details.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| alt_name = It's not a story, it's life
| genre =
| creator =
| based_on =
| screenplay =
| director =
| presenter = [[Vidhubala]]
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 2000+<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-14|title=Kathayallithu Jeevitham Crosses 500 Episodes On Amrita TV|url=https://www.keralatv.in/kathayallithu-jeevitham-crosses-500-episodes/|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Kerala TV|language=en-US}}</ref>
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| company =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 40–45 minutes per episode
| first_aired = {{start date|2010|10}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2020|4}}
| channel = [[Amrita TV]]
}}

'''''Kadhayallithu Jeevitham''''' ({{Translation|Not a story, it's life}}) is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Court show#Arbitration-based reality court show|arbitration-based reality court show]] adjudicating real-life family disputes. Ran from 2010 to 2020, it aired on [[Amrita TV]] on weekdays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita TV sweeps 26th Kerala television Awards with 19 awards|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/amrita-tv-sweeps-26th-kerala-television-awards-with-19-awards-89949.html|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> Actress and psychologist [[Vidhubala]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=slide-show-1-south-vidhubala-on-tv-show|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-vidhubala-on-tv-show/20101021.html|access-date=2020-09-27|website=m.rediff.com}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> hosted the show. Vidhubala invites aggrieved families to put forth their disputes and concerns and helps settle the matters to the satisfaction of both the parties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kathayallithu Jeevitham crosses 750 episodes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/jun/21/kathayallithu-jeevitham-crosses-750-episodes-488902.html|access-date=2020-09-27|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kishor|date=2017-04-26|title=കഥയല്ലിത് ജീവിതം എപ്പിസോഡ് സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയയിൽ സൂപ്പർ ഹിറ്റ്.. കമൻറുകൾ കണ്ടാൽ ചിരിച്ച് പണിതീരും!!|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/news/social-media-reaction-kadhayallithu-jeevitham-viral-video-169834.html|access-date=2020-09-27|website=malayalam.oneindia.com|language=ml}}</ref> It is adapted from the Tamil show [[Solvathellam Unmai (TV series)|''Solvathellam Unmai'']] by [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]].

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 90%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Violet; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Violet; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Solvathellam Unmai (TV series)|Solvathellam Unmai]]''
| 2 October 2009
| [[Zee Tamil]], [[Kalaignar TV]]
| Ongoing
| Original
|-
|Rowspan =2|[[Malayalam]]
| ''Kadhayallithu Jeevitham''
| 2 October 2010
| [[Amrita TV]]
| 14 April 2020
| Remake
|-
| ''Jeevitham Sakshi''<ref>{{cite news|title= "Urvashi hosts Jeevitham Sakshi"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/urvashi-hosts-jeevitham-sakshi/articleshow/46476457.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date=2025-11-25}}</ref>
| 22 August 2014
| [[Kairali TV]]
| 2 February 2017
| Remake
|-
| [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| ''Baduku Jataka Bandi''
| 3 January 2011
| [[Zee Kannada]]
|
| Remake
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Bathuku Jataka Bandi]]''
| 15 August 2013
| [[Zee Telugu]]
| 24 July 2021
| Remake
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]

John D' Silva

2025-11-24T11:54:53Z

Meet: bio.

{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian (born 1964)}}
{{similar names|John D'Silva (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John D' Silva
| birth_name = João Francisco Silva
| image = John D'Silva in 2015.jpg
| caption = Silva at the [[Kala Academy]], 2015
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|2|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sancoale]], Goa, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian|playwright|director}}
| years_active = 1987–present
| spouse =
| children = 2
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Yuva Srujan Puraskar]] (2008)
* [[Limca Book of Records]] (2010)}}
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/john.dsilva.94}}
}}

'''João Francisco Silva''' (born 20 February 1964),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=95}}</ref> known professionally as '''John D' Silva''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=John D' Silva {{!}} Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa, India |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/en/john-d-silva |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=artandculture.goa.gov.in}}</ref> is an Indian actor, comedian, playwright, and director known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. Referred to as the "Emperor of the Konkani stage",<ref>{{Cite web |title=The emperor will reign again |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-emperor-will-reign-again/84860 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> he is the first ''[[tiatrist]]'' (theatre performer) to enter the [[Limca Book of Records]] in 2010 for acting, writing, directing and producing 25 tiatrs having a double alphabet in their titles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panjim John DSilva First Tiatrist to Enter into Limca Book of Records |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=76162 |access-date=2016-07-29 |website=daijiworld.com}}</ref>

Silva is also the first ''tiatrist'' to have released his 25th ''[[tiatr]] nattok'' in London and Germany and thereafter to have staged it throughout the state of [[Goa]]. He has also acted in the Konkani movies ''[[Padri (film)|Padri]]'' (2005), ''[[O Maria]]'' (2010), ''[[Nachom-ia Kumpasar]]'' (2015),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=280364|title=Doha: Nachom-ia-Kumpasar – Tale of unsung Goan musicians captivates audience|website=daijiworld.com|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref> ''Nirmon'' (2015) and ''O La La'' (2018). He is the first ''tiatrist'' to have received the inaugural [[Yuva Srujan Puraskar]] award for the year 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recipients of Yuva Srujan Awards |url=http://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/40_doc_Recipients-of-Yuva-Srujan-Puraskar.pdf |access-date=6 September 2023 |website=Directorate of Art and Culture |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805030424/https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/40_doc_Recipients-of-Yuva-Srujan-Puraskar.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> from the [[Government of Goa]] for his contributions to Konkani theatre.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/yuva-srujan-puraskar-preseneted/article246591.ece|title=Yuva Srujan Puraskar preseneted|date=2009-06-01|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>

==Select filmography==

* ''[[Padri (film)|Padri]]'' (2005)
* ''[[O Maria]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Home Sweet Home (2014 film)|Home Sweet Home]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Home Sweet Home 2]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Nachom-ia Kumpasar]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Connection (film)|Connection]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Amizade]]'' (2018)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=6997775}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:D' Silva, John}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Goa]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

Healthians

2025-08-21T11:43:46Z

Meet: stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Indian diagnostic company}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Healthians
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2015|04|}}
| founder = Deepak Sahni
| hq_location_city = [[Gurugram]], [[Haryana]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| num_locations = 250+<ref>{{cite news |title=Healthians enters UAE, Bangladesh; plans to operationalise functions by end 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/healthians-enters-uae-bangladesh-plans-to-operationalise-functions-by-end-2022-343927-2022-08-05 |work=Business Today |date=5 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Healthians To Raise $54 Mn In Funding From WestBridge, Trifecta |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/exclusive-healthians-to-raise-54-mn-from-westbridge-trifecta/ |work=Inc42 Media |date=3 January 2022}}</ref>
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = Deepak Sahni (Founder & Chairman), Nishant Singhal ( CEO and Board Member)
| products =
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|500|c}} (2022)<ref>{{cite news |title=Healthians set to become profitable in FY2022-23; Registers over Rs 500 crore annualised revenue |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/healthcare/diagnostic/healthians-set-to-become-profitable-in-fy2022-23-registers-over-rs-500-crore-annualised-revenue/2649565/ | date=30 August 2022 |work=Financial Express |language=en | accessdate=1 January 2023}}</ref>
| revenue_year =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| subsid =
| website = {{URL|https://www.healthians.com}}
}}

'''Healthians''' is an Indian health-tech company offering at-home diagnostic health test services with its headquarters in [[Gurgaon|Gurgaon, Haryana]]. It was incorporated in 2015 as a subsidiary of Expedient Healthcare.<ref name=":2" />

Healthians was founded by Deepak Sahni in 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About US - Meet Healthians - Our Core Team Members |url=https://www.healthians.com/about-us |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=healthians |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepak Sahni, Founder, Healthians |url=https://www.entrepreneurindia.com/ai/deepak-s.php |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.entrepreneurindia.com}}</ref> The first laboratory was set up by Healthians in Gurugram. It operates in over 250+ cities <ref>{{Cite web |title=About US - Meet Healthians - Our Core Team Members |url=https://www.healthians.com/about-us |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=healthians |language=en}}</ref> and has a network of 20 labs across the country. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sil |first=Debarghya |date=2022-01-03 |title=Exclusive: Healthians To Raise $54 Mn In Funding From WestBridge, Trifecta |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/exclusive-healthians-to-raise-54-mn-from-westbridge-trifecta/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2025, the company is led by Nishant Singhal, CEO and Board member<ref>{{Cite web |title=About US - Meet Healthians - Our Core Team Members |url=https://www.healthians.com/about-us |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=healthians |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Healthians Appoints Nishant Singhal as New CEO to Lead Next Phase of Growth |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/healthians-appoints-nishant-singhal-as-new-ceo-to-lead-next-phase-of-growth/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Healthians Appoints Nishant Singhal As CEO & Board Member - BW Healthcare World |url=https://www.bwhealthcareworld.com/article/healthians-appoints-nishant-singhal-as-ceo-board-member-565061 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=BW Health |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Trust Of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/nishant-singhal-has-been-appointed-as-the-ceo-of-healthians/2756441 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.ptinews.com}}</ref>

== Funding ==
Healthians had raised seed funding from Healthstart in 2015. In the same year cricketer [[Yuvraj Singh]]’s venture capital firm [[YouWeCan]] was the next investor in Healthians.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kapur|first=Narinder|date=2019-11-18|title=Yuvraj Singh-backed Healthians pockets Series B cheque|url=https://www.vccircle.com/yuvraj-singh-backed-healthians-pockets-series-b-cheque|access-date=2021-12-13|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In the year 2016 Japanese VC fund BeeNext invested in the firm through series A round of funding. In November 2019 Healthian had raised funds up to $14 mn through series B funding where $12 million were raised from Japan-based DG Incubation and DG Daiwa Ventures.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Venugopalan |first=Anjali |title=Yuvraj Singh-backed Healthians diagnostics draws up expansion plans |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/yuvraj-singh-backed-healthians-draws-up-expansion-plans/articleshow/83989186.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2021-12-13 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Apart from this Beenos Partners, Mistetoe, Trifecta Capital, HealthStart have also invested in Healthians. Asuka Holdings and Kotak Private Equity have also invested in the firm.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Deepsekhar|date=2019-12-16|title=Healthians: The start-up bringing health to the doorstep|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/healthians-the-start-up-bringing-health-to-the-doorstep/1794549/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The firm’s total funding stands at $22.8 million.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Harsh|last2=Tyagi|first2=Gaurav|date=2021-06-18|title=Decoding Healthians' current ESOP and shareholding structure|url=https://entrackr.com/2021/06/decoding-healthians-current-esop-and-shareholding-structure/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Entrackr|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022 the Healthians announced it will raise another $54 mn in a funding led by WestBridge Capital.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-03|title=Exclusive: Healthians To Raise $54 Mn In Funding From WestBridge, Trifecta|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/exclusive-healthians-to-raise-54-mn-from-westbridge-trifecta/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
A complaint was filed by Dr. Rohit Jain that an online health service provider (Healthians) was allegedly allowed to collect samples of [[COVID-19]] patients without proper license. On 26 October, Gurugram Police filed an affidavit with [[Delhi High Court]] that "Healthians never performed any COVID-19 test till April 15, 2021, and was only involved in sample collection under MoU with NABL and ICMR approved COVID-19 labs. It has registration certificate under Clinical Establishment Act, 2010."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dutta|first=Sharangee|date=2021-10-26|title='Healthians' lab has ICMR, NABL accreditation; Gurugram Police to Delhi HC|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/healthians-lab-has-icmr-nabl-accreditation-gurugram-police-to-delhi-hc-101635264353331.html|access-date=2021-12-13|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Online companies of India]]
[[Category:Online retailers of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]

Atmakur, Suryapet district

2025-02-21T06:07:39Z

Meet: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Atmakur
| other_name = Atmakur (S)
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.723015|N|79.337425|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Nalgonda|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2808_PART_B_DCHB_NALGONDA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=8 February 2016|page=13,182}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5960<ref>[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4626-atmakur-nalgonda-andhra-pradesh.html 2011 Census]</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TS 29
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Atmakur''' is a village in [[Suryapet district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is located in [[Athmakur (S) mandal]] of [[Suryapet revenue division|Suryapet division]].<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Suryapet district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|accessdate=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011225153/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Suryapet district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Suryapet district]]

Kameshwar Yadav

2025-02-04T07:50:51Z

Meet: new

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=January 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian Hindutva activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}

'''Kameshwar Yadav''' (died 3 January 2024), also known as '''Kameswar Pehlwan''', was an Indian politician and [[Hindutva]] activist who was convicted for the [[1989 Bhagalpur violence|1989 Bhagalpur riots]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=9 साल 8 माह बाद जेल से निकले कामेश्वर यादव, कहा-हां, अब मैं राजनीति करूंगा |trans-title=Kameshwar Yadav came out of jail after 9 years and 8 months, said- Yes, now I will do politics |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-main-accused-in-bhagalpur-riots-kameshwar-yadav-released-from-jail-5637481-PHO.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=कामेश्वर को देखने काफी संख्या में पहुंचे थे लोग |trans-title=A large number of people had arrived to see Kameshwar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-13148608.html |work=Dainik Jagran}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=भागलपुर हिंसा : '1989 नहीं भूले हूं, खुदा के लिए बस करो' |trans-title=Bhagalpur violence: 'I have not forgotten 1989, stop it for God's sake' |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bhagalpur-violence-people-said-they-didn-t-forget-1989 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2007-11-29 |title=लालू के साथ कामेश्वर यादव का संबंध 1990 से ही ..भागलपुरी |trans-title=Kameshwar Yadav's relationship with Lalu is since 1990... Bhagalpuri |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/2007/11/29/2007112970457000.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=hindi.oneindia.com |language=hi}}</ref> He was associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=वरिष्ठ स्वयंसेवक कामेश्वर यादव नहीं रहे |trans-title=Senior Swayamsevak Kameshwar Yadav is no more |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/bhagalpur/news/senior-volunteer-kameshwar-yadav-is-no-more-133909406.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> and [[Hindu Mahasabha]] who fought [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] on the symbol of Hindu Mahasabha from [[Nathnagar Assembly constituency]] but lost by a margin of around 9000 votes to Sudha Shrivastav.<ref>{{Cite news |title=नहीं रहे हिंदुत्व की अलख जगाने वाले कामेश्वर यादव, 'कमेसर पहलवान' नाम से थी ख्याति |trans-title=Kameshwar Yadav, who ignited the flame of Hindutva, is no more, was famous by the name 'Kamesar Pehelwaan' |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-kameshwar-yadav-who-ignited-flame-of-hindutva-is-no-more-famous-by-name-kamesar-pehalwan-23620500.html |work=[[Dainik Jagran]]}}</ref> He was convicted in November 2007<ref>{{Cite news |title=One convicted for 1989 Bhagalpur riots |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/patna/one-convicted-for-1989-bhagalpur-riots/story-mUCQQ6v6Qb2oF3Dhd3EyqM.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> and acquitted in July 2017 due to lack of evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-04 |title=जेल से निकलकर बोला भागलपुर दंगे का मुख्य आरोपी कामेश्वर यादव-बीजेपी टिकट देगी तो लड़ूंगा चुनाव |trans-title=Coming out of jail, main accused of Bhagalpur riots, Kameshwar Yadav said, I will contest elections if BJP gives me ticket. |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bhagalpur-riot-1989-accused-kameshwar-yadav-says-if-bjp-gives-ticket-he-will-fight-election/365540/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-11 |title=भागलपुर दंगा: सबूतों के अभाव में नौ आरोपी बरी |trans-title=Bhagalpur riots: Nine accused acquitted due to lack of evidence |url=https://www.aajtak.in/crime/big-crime/story/nine-accused-release-by-court-in-bhagalpur-riots-318295-2015-11-11 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Avinash |title=After 10 years in jail, 1989 Bhagalpur riots convict acquitted by HC for lack of evidence |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/after-10-years-in-jail-1989-bhagalpur-riots-convict-acquitted-by-hc-for-lack-of-evidence/story-bBlzEgb7DU8F2n1ErHG1OP.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&dq=kameshwar+yadav+bhagalpur&pg=PT102 |title=Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar |date=2015-10-09 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-85436-42-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Aruna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh5gpivjgjMC&dq=kameshwar+yadav+bhagalpur&pg=PT251 |title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-536-7 |language=en}}</ref> He had served as the of Head of Parbati Locality and as a member of the Yadav Vikas Manch.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Vo8AAAAMAAJ&q=kameshwar%20yadav%20bhagalpur |title=Sûrya India |date=1989 |publisher=A. Anand. |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born at Parvatti Muhalla.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Engineer |first=Asghar Ali |date=1990 |title=Grim Tragedy of Bhagalpur Riots: Role of Police-Criminal Nexus |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4395922 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=305–307 |jstor=4395922 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
He died on 3 January 2024, following age related illness. Bhagalpur BJP district president Santosh Kumar,<ref>{{Cite news |title=समाजसेवी कामेश्वर यादव के निधन पर जताया शोक |trans-title=Condolence expressed on the death of social worker Kameshwar Yadav |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-condolences-expressed-on-the-demise-of-social-worker-kameshwar-yadav-9154802.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref> and [[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]], a Central minister and Member of Lok Sabha has condoled his death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 2024 |title=कामेश्वर यादव का निधन अपूरणीय क्षति : चौबे |trans-title=Death of Kameshwar Yadav is an irreparable loss: Choubey |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-kameshwar-yadav-39-s-death-is-an-irreparable-loss-choubey-9154808.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Kameshwar}}
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]
[[Category:Hindu Mahasabha politicians]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Contributions to Indian Sociology

2025-02-03T09:01:40Z

Meet: refine layout and corrected details

{{Infobox journal
| title = Contributions to Indian Sociology
| cover =
| former_names =
| abbreviation = Contrib. Indian Sociol.
| discipline = [[Sociology]]
| language =
| editors = [[Rita Brara Mukhopadhyay]]
| publisher = [[Sage Publishing]]
| country =
| history = 1957–present
| frequency = Triannually
| openaccess =
| license =
| impact = 0.8
| impact-year = 2023
| ISSN = 0069-9667
| eISSN = 0973-0648
| CODEN =
| JSTOR = 0069-9667
| LCCN = 64032324
| OCLC = 692933415
| website = https://sagepub.com/nam/contributions-to-indian-sociology/journal200929#description
| link1 = https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cis/current
| link1-name = Online access
| link2 = https://journals.sagepub.com/loi/cis
| link2-name = Online archive
}}
'''''Contributions to Indian Sociology''''' is a triannual [[peer-reviewed]] [[academic journal]] covering [[sociology]] with an emphasis on [[South Asia]]n societies and cultures. It was established in 1957 by [[Louis Dumont (anthropologist)|Louis Dumont]] and [[David Francis Pocock]]. It is published by [[Sage Publishing]] in association with the [[Institute of Economic Growth]]. The journal ceased publication in 1966.
A new series commenced publication the next year at the initiative of [[Triloki Nath Madan]], with volume numbering re-starting at 1. Published annually till 1974, it became a biannual publication in 1975. From 1999, it has been published thrice a year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aims and scope |url=https://sagepub.com/nam/contributions-to-indian-sociology/journal200929#aims-and-scope |website=Contributions to Indian Sociology |publisher=SAGE Publishing |access-date=2023-02-09 |date=28 October 2015}}</ref>

The [[editor-in-chief]] is [[Rita Brara Mukhopadhyay]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2024 |title=editorial board |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/editorial-board/CIS |access-date=July 25, 2024 |website=Homepage}}</ref> (Institute of Economic Growth).

==Abstracting and indexing==
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
{{columns-list|
*[[Anthropological Literature]]<ref name=MIAR>{{cite MIAR |title=Contributions to Indian Sociology |issn=0069-9667 |access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref>
*[[Current Contents]]/Social and Behavioral Sciences<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://mjl.clarivate.com/ |title=Web of Science Master Journal List |publisher=[[Clarivate]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref>
*[[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO databases]]<ref name=MIAR/>
*[[FRANCIS]]<ref name=MIAR/>
*[[Index Islamicus]]<ref name=MIAR/>
*[[ProQuest|ProQuest databases]]<ref name=MIAR/>
*[[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/72646 |title=Source details: Contributions to Indian Sociology |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus Preview |access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref>
*[[Social Sciences Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/>
*[[Sociological Abstracts]]<ref name=MIAR/>
}}
According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2023 [[impact factor]] of 0.8.<ref name="WoS">{{cite book |title=2023 Journal Citation Reports |title-link=Journal Citation Reports |publisher=[[Clarivate]] |year=2024 |edition=Social Sciences |via=[[Web of Science]] |chapter=Contributions to Indian Sociology}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{official website|1=https://sagepub.com/nam/contributions-to-indian-sociology/journal200929#description}}
*[https://iegindia.org/ Institute of Economic Growth]

[[Category:Triannual journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals established in 1957]]
[[Category:SAGE Publishing academic journals]]
[[Category:English-language journals]]
[[Category:Sociology journals]]

Jagtap

2025-01-02T09:23:00Z

Meet: stub.

The '''Jagtap''' is a [[clan]] of [[Maratha (caste)|Marathas]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_TFuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22jagtap%22+%22maratha+caste%22&dq=%22jagtap%22+%22maratha+caste%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVxaOLg8KDAxU2R2wGHSVrCaAQ6AF6BAgJEAI Politics and Language byY. D. Phadke , p.215]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e06J4BU_gn8C&q=jagtap+maratha&dq=jagtap+maratha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRjZn2rLyDAxUXnGMGHe6SDlgQ6AF6BAgFEAI The Life and Works of Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shindé (1873-1944) p.483]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wLgw0uvpKnkC&q=jagtap+maratha&dq=jagtap+maratha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ4pairbyDAxVS-zgGHRHiBMc4FBDoAXoECAkQAg Who's who in Western India by Thomas Peters 1934, p.469]</ref> and [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]] and [[Union territory|Union Territories]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&q=Bhonsle+Koli|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=335: Jagtàp|language=en}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
People who bear this surname are include:
* [[Aditya Jagtap]] (born 1992), Indian squash player
* [[Bhai Jagtap]], Indian politician
* [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap]] (born 1963), Indian politician
* [[Manali Jagtap]] (born 1978), Indian politician and artist
* [[Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar|Mitalee Jagtap]], Indian actress
* [[Sangram Arun Jagtap]], Indian politician
* [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]], Indian politician
* [[Virendra Jagtap]] (born 1963), Indian politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Marathi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Maratha clans]]
[[Category:Koli clans]]

Defence Electronics Application Laboratory

2024-11-04T17:24:49Z

Meet: clean up

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Laboratory
|name = Defence Electronics Application Laboratory
|motto =
|logo =
|image =
|established =
|city = [[Dehradun]]
|research_field =
|type =
|director =
|staff =
|budget =
|operating_agency = [[DRDO]]
|affiliations =
|address =
|telephone =
|campus =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Center for Defence Electronics Application Laboratory''' ('''DEAL''') is a laboratory of the [[Defence Research & Development Organization]] (DRDO). Located in [[Dehradun]], its primary function is research and development in the radio communication devices for defence applications. Its mission is development of Radio Communication Systems, Data links, Satellite Communication Systems, Millimeter Wave Communication systems <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drdo.org/labs/deal/index.html |title=DEAL Labs |accessdate=2008-02-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131205919/http://www.drdo.org/labs/deal/index.html |archivedate=2008-01-31 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

== Areas of work ==
DEAL is developing communication systems and data links for Airawat Airborne Early Warning and Control System.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/29/stories/2007082961591900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023060223/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/29/stories/2007082961591900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-23|title=DRDO seeks partner for early warning and control system programme|accessdate=2008-02-08|date=2007-08-29|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
DEAL is also engaged in development of image processing technologies. The Image Analysis Center at DEAL has developed image processing software for Defense Forces. The Image Analysis Center works in the following areas -

Image Archival, Visualization & Interpretation tool, Classification tools, Stereo processing, Target Detection, Radar image processing, Terrain modeling & simulation, Product generation

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120629095748/http://www.drdo.org/ DRDO]}}

{{DRDO Laboratories}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|30|19|18|N|78|04|06|E|display=inline,title}}

[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Dehradun]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

{{sci-org-stub}}

Love On (film)

2024-02-15T17:47:58Z

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Dewa (people)

2024-02-01T05:33:43Z

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Dumtahar

2023-06-18T00:38:12Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dumtahar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Khiron block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Dumtahar (#546) in Khiron CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.333566|N|80.884699|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.268
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2577
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dumtahar''' is a village in [[Khiron]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=244–61 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> It is located 16 km from [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]], the tehsil headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 2,577 people, in 540 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has 3 primary schools and no healthcare facilities and it hosts a weekly [[haat]] but not a permanent market.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Paho]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Dumtahar as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 831 people (426 male and 405 female), in 173 households and 171 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=108–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 815 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 43 residents were literate, all male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of Khiron and the [[thana]] of [[Gurbakshganj]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Dumtahar (as "Dumta Har") as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 980 people (485 male and 495 female), in 195 households and 175 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=lxiv-lxv of section "Dalmau Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 815 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Dumtahar as having a population of 922 people, in 278 households, and having an area of 326.99 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=124–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Dumtahar (as "Dumarher") as having a total population of 1,772 people (897 male and 875 female), in 330 households and 323 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 144–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 327 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 409, or 23% of the total; this group was 54% male (222) and 46% female (187).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 64% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 19.5% (288 men and 58 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 584 people were classified as main workers (406 men and 178 women), while 248 people were classified as marginal workers (50 men and 192 women); the remaining 946 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 409 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 138 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 1 worker in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 1 in mining and quarrying; 3 household industry workers; 5 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 2 [[construction worker]]s; 2 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 23 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Kandukur, Nellore district

2022-12-28T17:30:53Z

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Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar

2022-07-11T18:20:33Z

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{{short description|Indian architect}}
'''Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar''' (1895-1978) was an Indian architect and designed the main 1958 wing of the [[Supreme Court of India]] Building.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/whats-age-got-to-do-with-it/article18346583.ece|title = Age or relevance — what makes a building iconic?|newspaper = The Hindu|date = May 2017|last1 = Bhanj|first1 = Jaideep Deo}}</ref>

Born in [[Bombay Presidency]] in 1895,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ganesh-Deolalikar/6000000001506443994|title = Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar}}</ref> Deolalikar was the first Indian to head the [[Central Public Works Department]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deolalikar, Ganesh Bhikaji}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]