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N. Anand

2026-05-08T04:45:57Z

Md Rifat: stub - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources |date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = N. Anand
| image = N.anand.png
| image_size =
| caption = Anand on right with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] (left)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|07|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puducherry]], [[Pondicherry]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Thiyagarayanagar (state assembly constituency)|Thiyagarayanagar]]
| term_start = May 2026
| term_end =
| predecessor = J. Karunanithi ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| office1 = General Secretary of the [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]
| term_start1 = 2 February 2024
| term_end1 =
| president1 = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''
| office2 = [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Bussy Assembly constituency|Bussy]]
| term_start2 = 11 May 2006
| term_end2 = 13 May 2011
| predecessor2 = [[Annibal Kennedy]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| successor2 = ''constituency abolished''
| party = [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (2024–present)
| other_party = [[Puducherry Munnetra Congress]] [[All India N.R. Congress]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater = Calve College, Puducherry
| relations = Son-in-law: Chandra Balan
| father = D. Narayanasamy
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| nickname = Bussy
}}

'''N. Anand''', popularly known as '''Bussy Anand''', is an Indian politician and the General Secretary of the [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK). He is the elected [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) representing the [[Thiyagarayanagar (state assembly constituency)|Thiyagarayanagar assembly constituency]] in [[Chennai]], having won the seat in the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]. He previously served as a Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Bussy Assembly constituency|Bussy constituency]] in the [[Puducherry (union territory)|Union Territory of Puducherry]].<ref name="TOI"/>

==Political career==

===Early career and Puducherry politics===
Anand began his political career with the [[Puducherry Munnetra Congress]] (PMC). He was elected to the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Bussy Assembly constituency|Bussy constituency]] in the [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]], defeating [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]'s Annibal Kennedy. The constituency was subsequently abolished after delimitation. He later contested from the [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam constituency]] in the [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]] and [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]] elections, first as an [[independent politician|independent]] and then under the [[All India N.R. Congress]] (AINRC), but was unsuccessful on both occasions.

===Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam===
On 2 February 2024, when actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] launched the [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK), Anand was appointed as the party's inaugural General Secretary, a position he continues to hold. In this capacity, he has been a prominent spokesperson for the party, and ahead of the 2026 elections publicly declared that TVK's leader would assume office as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="SGLive"/>

===2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election===
In the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], Anand contested from the [[Thiyagarayanagar (state assembly constituency)|Thiyagarayanagar assembly constituency]] in [[Chennai]], a constituency historically alternating between the DMK and the AIADMK. He defeated DMK's Raja Anbazhagan to win the seat, securing 51,632 votes.<ref name="TNM"/>

{{transcluded section|source=Thiyagarayanagar Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Thiyagarayanagar Assembly constituency|2025}}}}

==Electoral history==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 87%"
|-
! Elections !! Constituency !! Party !! Result !! Vote % !! Opposition Candidate !! Opposition Party !! Opposition Vote %!! Notes
|-
| [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]
| [[Bussy Assembly constituency|Bussy]]
| [[Puducherry Munnetra Congress|PMC]]
| {{Won}}
| 54.06
| Annibal Kennedy
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| 43.55
| <ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pondicherry-pmc-wins-from-bussy-cassicade-constituency/articleshow/1525097.cms |date=11 May 2005 |title=Pondicherry: PMC wins from Bussy, Cassicade constituency |website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]
| [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| {{Lost}}
| 28.28
| A. Anbalagan
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| 42.59
|
|-
| [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]
| [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]
| [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]]
| {{Lost}}
| 20.07
| A. Anbalagan
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| 39.95
|
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]
| [[Thiyagarayanagar (state assembly constituency)|Thiyagarayanagar]]
| [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|TVK]]
| {{Won}}
| 38.55
| B. Sathiyanarayanan
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| 28.83
| <ref name="TNM">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-election-results-live-counting-underway-across-62-centres |date=4 May 2026 |title=Tamil Nadu election results: Anand N (Bussy Anand) of TVK wins Thiyagarayanagar |website=The News Minute}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://tvkvijay.com/en/election-candidates/tamilnadu TVK Official Candidate Page]

[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India NR Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2026–2031]]

Dennis Manjunath

2026-05-07T19:48:20Z

Md Rifat: Added New Pg

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dennis Manjunath
| occupation = Film director
| years_active = 2021–present
}}
'''Dennis Manjunath''' is an Indian film director known for his work in [[Tamil cinema]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first= |date=2025-07-02 |title=Selvaraghavan to headline Dennis Manjunath’s next directorial |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/02/selvaraghavan-to-headline-dennis-manjunaths-next-directorial |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Dennis Manjunath made his directorial debut with [[Trip (film)|''Trip'']], marking his entry into Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-22 |title=Dennis Manjunath's 'Trip' is at the final stages, reveals Sunaina |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dennis-manjunaths-trip-is-at-the-final-stages-reveals-sunaina/articleshow/78249702.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He later directed ''[[Thookudurai]]'' in 2024, which was set in a rural backdrop and starred [[Yogi Babu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-01-25 |title=Thookudurai Movie Review: This mindless comedy is not everyone’s cup of tea |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jan/25/thookudurai-movie-review-this-mindless-watch-is-not-everyones-cup-of-comedy-51523.html |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> He subsequently worked on ''[[Manithan Deivamagalam]]'' starring [[Selvaraghavan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2025-08-26 |title=It's a wrap for Selvaraghavan-Dennis Manjunath film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/Aug/26/tamilnews2025aug24its-a-wrap-for-selvaraghavan-dennis-manjunath-film |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Notes
|-
|2021
|[[Trip (film)|''Trip'']]
|Directorial debut<ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2020-01-05 |title=First look of Yogi Babu’s upcoming film revealed |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/first-look-of-yogi-babus-upcoming-film-revealed |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Thookudurai]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2022-11-21 |title=First look of Yogi Babu- Ineya’s 'Thookudurai' out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/Nov/21/first-look-of-yogi-babu-ineyas-thookudurai-out-2520320.html |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Manithan Deivamagalam]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-02 |title=Selvaraghavan’s next, directed by Dennis Manjunath, goes on floors |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/selvaraghavans-next-directed-by-dennis-manjunath-goes-on-floors/article69763805.ece |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|11203522}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manjunath, Dennis}}

[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]

Kinwat Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:33:12Z

Md Rifat: New A Details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kinwat
| constituency_no = 83
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 83-Kinwat.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency|Hingoli]]
| district = [[Nanded district|Nanded]]
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Bhimrao Keram]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors =278,803
}}
'''Kinwat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Nanded district]].

==Geographical scope==
As per the 2008 delimitation there are nine assembly constituencies in Nanded district, viz. Kinwat, [[Hadgaon Assembly constituency|Hadgaon]], [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar]], [[Nanded North Assembly constituency|Nanded North]], [[Nanded South Assembly constituency|Nanded South]], [[Loha Assembly constituency|Loha]], [[Naigaon Assembly constituency|Naigaon]], [[Deglur Assembly constituency|Deglur]] and [[Mukhed Assembly constituency|Mukhed]].
The delimitation of the constituency happened in 2008. It comprises [[Mahur taluka]] and [[Kinwat taluka]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=259|accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kinwat Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/kinwat.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Uttamrao Rathod
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Kishanrao Pachute
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Uttamrao Rathod
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Kishanrao Pachute
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Subhash Jadhav
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-{Full party name with Color|Bahujan Mahasangh IND
|-
|1993^
| rowspan="3" |[[Digambar Bapuji Pawar Patil]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav|Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhimrao Keram]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Kinwat">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Kinwat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1383.htm |access-date=15 December 2024 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215102656/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1383.htm |archive-date=15 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram|Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 92,856 |percentage = 46.18% |change = {{decrease}}2.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 87,220 |percentage = 43.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sachin Madhavrao Jadhav (Naik) |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,511 |percentage = 2.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Sambhajirao Dhole |party = Republican Paksha (Khoripa) |votes = 5,311 |percentage = 2.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Amle Pundalik Gomaji |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 4,515 |percentage = 2.25% |change = {{decrease}}4.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijay Kashinath Khupse |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,686 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,266 |percentage = 0.63% |change = {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,636 |percentage = 2.80% |change = {{decrease}}4.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 202,360 |percentage = 72.58% |change = {{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 201,094}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 278,803 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram|Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 89,628 |percentage = 48.84% |change = {{increase}}38.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 76,356 |percentage = 41.61% |change = {{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Dr. Hamraj Uike |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 11,764 |percentage = 6.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,041 |percentage = 0.57% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,272 |percentage = 7.23% |change = {{increase}}4.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 184,630 |percentage = 71.13% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 183,515}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 259,579 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.19 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}14.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 60,127 |percentage = 34.76% |change = {{decrease}}12.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram|Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 55,152 |percentage = 31.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Shamrao Suryavanshi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 18,695 |percentage = 10.81% |change = {{decrease}}24.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. B. D. Chavan |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 18,227 |percentage = 10.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arjun Kishan Ade |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,158 |percentage = 2.40% |change = {{decrease}}6.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karale Sandip Baburao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,073 |percentage = 1.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Fattusingh Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,788 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thamke Kishanrao Govindrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,250 |percentage = 1.30% |change = {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,030 |percentage = 0.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,975 |percentage = 2.88% |change = {{decrease}}9.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 174,128 |percentage = 71.23% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 172,977}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 244,447 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}12.79 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 69,645 |percentage = 47.55% |change = {{increase}}1.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram|Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 51,483 |percentage = 35.15% |change = {{increase}}21.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arjun Kishan Ade |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 12,600 |percentage = 8.60% |change = {{increase}}5.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharamsing Dagdu Rathod |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 3,702 |percentage = 2.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangenwar Suresh Ramrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,902 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Mukundrao Nemmaniwar |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,145 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shriniwas Ramvallabhaji Joshi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,470 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Akash Subhash |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,053 |percentage = 0.72% |change = {{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,162 |percentage = 12.40% |change = {{decrease}}7.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,521 |percentage = 71.51% |change = {{decrease}}4.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 146,455}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 204,891 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}1.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 64,558 |percentage = 45.64% |change = {{increase}}24.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate =[[Bhimrao Keram| Bhimrao Ramaji Keram]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 36,042 |percentage = 25.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dagadu Rathod |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,865 |percentage = 14.04% |change = {{decrease}}10.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrimanwar Narayan Shankar |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 6,639 |percentage = 4.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ade Arjun Kishan |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,575 |percentage = 3.23% |change = {{decrease}}0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Isakhan Khan Sardar |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,919 |percentage = 2.77% |change = {{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sidam Narayan Rao Rajaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,804 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ku. Ashatai Uddhavrao Kadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,349 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,516 |percentage = 20.16% |change = {{increase}}16.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 141,475 |percentage = 76.42% |change = {{increase}}1.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 141,465}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,138 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.61 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Digambar Bapuji Pawar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 25,731 |percentage = 24.78% |change = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav| Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav (Naik)]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 21,522 |percentage = 20.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram| Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,120 |percentage = 19.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Arvind Ganeshlal |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,316 |percentage = 14.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshave Namdevrao Gyanbaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,146 |percentage = 11.70% |change = {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ade Arjun Kishanrao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,037 |percentage = 3.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Ashatai Uddhavrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,169 |percentage = 3.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Anitbai Subhash |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,187 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,209 |percentage = 4.05% |change = {{decrease}}5.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,468 |percentage = 74.53% |change = {{decrease}}6.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 103,820}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,237 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Digambar Bapuji Pawar Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 33,110 |percentage = 27.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhimrao Keram| Bhimrao Ramji Keram]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,702 |percentage = 18.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Praful Prakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,030 |percentage = 14.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ade Arjun Kishan |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,437 |percentage = 13.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pachpute Kishanrao Champatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,395 |percentage = 12.16% |change = {{decrease}}19.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Thakur Narayan |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 7,163 |percentage = 6.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Vithal Nanu |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,543 |percentage = 2.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Yadeorao Rupla |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,222 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,408 |percentage = 9.64% |change = {{decrease}}10.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,923 |percentage = 81.12% |change = {{increase}}15.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 118,365}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,071 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.48 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{decrease}}24.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhv Subhash Limbaji |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 46,449 |percentage = 52.15% |change = {{increase}}28.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishanrao Champatrao Pachpute |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,258 |percentage = 31.73% |change = {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Varun Vijaysing Rathod |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 10,202 |percentage = 11.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalrao Shamrao Naik |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 842 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhukar Ganpatrao Wattamwar |party = Independent politician |votes = 824 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,191 |percentage = 20.43% |change = {{increase}}18.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,786 |percentage = 66.06% |change = {{increase}}8.20 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,060}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,421 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}21.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pachpute Kishanrao Ghampatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,613 |percentage = 30.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Indrasingh Bhasu |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 17,338 |percentage = 28.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Sibhash Limbaji |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 14,473 |percentage = 23.64% |change = {{decrease}}10.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sidam Narayanrao Rajaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,914 |percentage = 8.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sukhdev Ganapat Muneshwar |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,334 |percentage = 5.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Yadavrao Rupla Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,573 |percentage = 2.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagat Ravasaheb Hasanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 972 |percentage = 1.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,275 |percentage = 2.08% |change = {{decrease}}3.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,531 |percentage = 57.86% |change = {{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,217}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,071 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}10.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pachpute Kishanrao Champatrao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,732 |percentage = 40.51% |change = {{increase}}9.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Subhash Limbaji |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 19,426 |percentage = 34.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tirmanwar Govindrao Lachanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,750 |percentage = 17.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Donkalwar Ram Reddy Ramk Ishtu |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,520 |percentage = 2.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hamjakhan Mohinuddin Khan |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 1,388 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pendor Kishanrao Banduji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,298 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,306 |percentage = 5.89% |change = {{decrease}}4.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,496 |percentage = 56.68% |change = {{decrease}}19.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,114}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 101,431 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.29 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Baliram Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,765 |percentage = 41.22% |change = {{decrease}}5.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pachute Kishanrao Champatrao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 20,902 |percentage = 31.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kottwar Janardhanrao Dattatrayrao |party = Janata Party |votes = 7,644 |percentage = 11.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshave Namdeorao Gyanbaji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 5,679 |percentage = 8.43% |change = {{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raibole Sadasdiv Satwaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,530 |percentage = 5.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Osmanali Kashamali |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,836 |percentage = 2.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,863 |percentage = 10.19% |change = {{decrease}}8.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,395 |percentage = 75.85% |change = {{increase}}5.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 67,356}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,812 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}8.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pachpute Kishanrao Champatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,563 |percentage = 46.40% |change = {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mudholkar R. Mukukda |party = Independent politician |votes = 18,580 |percentage = 27.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sinde Vithalrao Raghojee |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 7,239 |percentage = 10.64% |change = {{decrease}}25.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patitl Laxaman Kisan |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,117 |percentage = 6.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gulabrao Bhikaji Bihade |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 3,568 |percentage = 5.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kotnak Bhimrao Sonba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,885 |percentage = 2.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathon Parasram Ramu |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,070 |percentage = 1.57% |change = {{decrease}}3.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,983 |percentage = 19.09% |change = {{increase}}6.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,523 |percentage = 70.39% |change = {{increase}}1.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,022}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 101,612 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Baliram Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,788 |percentage = 49.31% |change = {{decrease}}16.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. R. Shinde |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 20,618 |percentage = 36.59% |change = {{increase}}2.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Kishanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,842 |percentage = 8.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. R. Rathod |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,106 |percentage = 5.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,170 |percentage = 12.72% |change = {{decrease}}19.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,503 |percentage = 69.03% |change = {{increase}}4.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,354}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,542 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}16.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Baliram Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,368 |percentage = 66.17% |change = {{increase}}11.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalrao Raghoji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 15,529 |percentage = 33.83% |change = {{decrease}}11.78 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,839 |percentage = 32.33% |change = {{increase}}23.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,537 |percentage = 64.12% |change = {{increase}}12.02 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,897}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,256 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}11.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Baliram Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,301 |percentage = 54.39% |change = {{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Raghoo |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 15,348 |percentage = 45.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,953 |percentage = 8.78% |change = {{decrease}}22.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,649 |percentage = 52.10% |change = {{increase}}8.19 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,649}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,589 |ref = |change = {{increase}}39.93 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kinwat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shrihari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,077 |percentage = 59.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Rao |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 5,831 |percentage = 28.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkat Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,359 |percentage = 11.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,246 |percentage = 30.82% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,267 |percentage = 43.91% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,267}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,157 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.621|78.200|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Nanded district]]

Mekliganj Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T16:54:35Z

Md Rifat: info - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mekliganj
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Mekliganj.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Mekliganj Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency|Jalpaiguri]]
| constituency_no = 1
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = Dadhiram Roy
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 2,24,413
}}

'''Mekliganj Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 1 Mekliganj Assembly constituency (SC) covers [[Mekhliganj|Mekliganj]] municipality, [[Mekhliganj (Community development block)|Mekliganj]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], [[Haldibari, India|Haldibari]] municipality and [[Haldibari (Community development block)|Haldibari]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | accessdate = 20 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission}}</ref>

Mekliganj Assembly constituency is part of No. 3 [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="2"|Prasanta Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Mihir Kumar Roy
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Madhu Sudan Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3"|Sada Kanta Roy
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=8}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Ramesh Roy
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Arghya Roy Pradhan
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Dadhiram Ray
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mekliganj}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dadhiram Roy
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 119109
|percentage = 54.42
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Paresh Adhikary|Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 89525
|percentage = 40.91
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kamal Roy
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|votes = 2386
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ila Rani Roy
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1288
|percentage = 0.59
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 2126
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 29584
|percentage = 13.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 218859
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In 2021 election, [[All India Trinamool Congress]] candidate [[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Dadhiram Ray by a margin of 14,685 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS251.htm?ac=1|access-date=2021-05-08|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mekliganj (SC) constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]|votes=99,338|percentage=49.98|change={{increase}}8.63}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dadhiram Ray|votes=84,653|percentage=42.59|change={{increase}}29.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Forward Bloc|candidate=Gobindo Ray|votes=6,853|percentage=3.45|change={{decrease}}34.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Ranjit Kumar Roy|votes=1,768|percentage=0.89|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Jyotish Roy|votes=1,025|percentage=0.52|change={{decrease}}2.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= None of the above|candidate= None of the above|votes=2,447|percentage=1.23|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,685|percentage=7.38|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,98,744|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =Trinamool Congress
|loser =Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mekliganj (SC) constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Arghya Roy Pradhan]]|votes=74,823|percentage=41.35|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Forward Bloc|candidate=Paresh Chandra Adhikary|votes=68,186|percentage=37.68|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dadhiram Ray|votes=23,355|percentage=12.91|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Jyotish Roy|votes=5,650|percentage=3.12|change=}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,80,960
|percentage = 89.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 elections, Paresh Chandra Adhikary of AIFB defeated his nearest rival Jayanta Kumar Ray of Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Mekliganj (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=1| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130611043646/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=1| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 11 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Mekliganj| publisher =Empowering India |accessdate = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Paresh Chandra Adhikary
|votes = 72,040
|percentage = 48.67
|change = +1.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayanta Kumar Ray
|votes = 39,408
|percentage = 26.63
|change = -0.75
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sunil Chandra Roy
|votes = 23,540
|percentage = 15.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Subhash Barman
|votes = 3,713
|percentage = 2.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jyotish Ray
|votes = 3,359
|percentage = 2.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Pramila Roy
|votes = 2,593
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Purnendu Ray
|votes = 1,474
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Ratan Barman
|votes = 123
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 148,010
|percentage = 87.01
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing = 2.63
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> Paresh Chandra Adhikary of [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] won the Mekliganj seat defeating his nearest rival Sunil Chandra Roy of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 2001,<ref name="vidhansabha2001">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> Paresh Chandra Adhikary of Forward Bloc defeated Ramesh Roy of Trinmool Congress. In 1996,<ref name="vidhansabha1996">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> Ramesh Roy representing Forward Bloc defeated Sunil Chandra Roy representing [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. In 1991,<ref name="vidhansabha1991">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> Paresh Chandra Adhikary of Forward Bloc defeated Mani Bhusan Roy of Congress. Sada Kanta Roy of Forward Bloc defeated Madhu Sudan Roy of Congress in 1987,<ref name="vidhansabha1987">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> Niren Chowdhury of [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|ICS]] in 1982<ref name="vidhansabha1982">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> and Madhu Sudan Roy of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp01.htm | title =1 - Mekliganj (SC) Assembly Constituency | accessdate = 29 August 2009 | work =Partwise comparison since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Madhu Sudan Roy of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Mihir Kumar Ray of Forward Bloc won in 1971.<ref name="vidhansabha1971">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> [[Amarendra Nath Roy Pradhan]] of Forward Bloc won in 1969,<ref name="vidhansabha1969">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> 1967<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Prasanta Chatterjee of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name="vidhansabha1957">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission |accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 18 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cooch Behar topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Cooch Behar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Jonai Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T12:41:49Z

Md Rifat: New A Post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jonai
| constituency_no = 80
| type = SLA
| map_image = Jonai Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency|Lakhimpur]]
| district = [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
}}
'''Jonai Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of [[India]]. Jonai is also part of [[Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is a reserved seat for the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|scheduled tribes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Election
!Member
!Party affiliation
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Romesh Mohan Kouli
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|Puspadhar Pegu
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Phani Ram Tayeng
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Gomeswar Pegu
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pradan Baruah]]
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|[[Bhubon Pegu]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Pradan Baruah]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bhubon Pegu]]
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jonai}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Bhubon Pegu]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=128940 |percentage=72.54

|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Raj Kumar Medak|party=Indian National Congress |votes=48816 |percentage=27.46 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= |party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes= |percentage=

|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=80124 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jonai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bhubon Pegu]]
|votes = 1,68,411
|percentage = 68.69
|change = +49.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Hema Hari Prasanna Pegu
|votes = 57,424
|percentage = 23.42
|change = +8.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Assam Jatiya Parishad
|candidate = Phaniram Tayeng
|votes = 7,726
|percentage = 3.15
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Madhab Machahary
|votes = 6,404
|percentage = 2.61
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bhabani Boro
|votes = 1,511
|percentage = 0.62
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Bhagya Chungkrang
|votes = 1,006
|percentage = 0.41
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,676
|percentage = 1.09
|change = +0.26
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,10,987
|percentage = 45.27
|change = +21.36
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,45,158
|percentage = 78.53
|change = -3.32
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 3,12,180
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jonai}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Bhubon Pegu]]
|votes = 88,441
|percentage = 42.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Aswini Pait
|votes = 39,148
|percentage = 18.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Satho Basumatary
|votes = 33,265
|percentage = 16.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sushil Pegu
|votes = 30,890
|percentage = 14.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Lenindra Kumar Doley
|votes = 5,625
|percentage = 2.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Hitesh Deori
|votes = 2,290
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bhupen Narah
|votes = 2,120
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Janki Kumar Pegu
|votes = 1,519
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Naren Sonowal
|votes = 1,068
|percentage = 0.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,417
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 49,293
|percentage = 23.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,06,216
|percentage = 81.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 2,51,932
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Jonai]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Dhemaji district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Pusad

2026-05-04T01:55:59Z

Md Rifat: added a article

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pusad
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.87|N|77.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal Council
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 59
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 315
| population_as_of = 2019
| population_total = 112346
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Pusadkar, Pusadian
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=23 October 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 445204,445215,445212,445216
| area_code = 07233
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MH 29 ([[Yavatmal district]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pusad''', with ancient name '''''Pushpawanti''''' named after the [[Lower Pus Dam#Pus|Pus river]], is the second largest city in the [[Yavatmal district]] of [[Vidarbha]] region in [[Maharashtra]] state of [[India]]. Over the decades, ruling politicians' failure to address people's [[List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra#Proposed_districts|demand of district status for Pusad]], has hindered development.

== History ==
=== Early era===
[[File:Banjara Lamadi or Lambani women in traditional dress Andhra Pradesh DSCF6567 (2).JPG|thumb|200px|Lambani Banjara woman in traditional attire.]]

Pusad is a tribal area,<ref name=murray1/> of mostly [[Banjara]]s. Banjara of Pusad area have an [[oral tradition]] of their migration from [[Rajasthan]] toward [[Central India|central]] and [[south India]] from 12th century after the defeat and death of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] by [[Muhammad of Ghor|Muhammad Ghouri]] in the [[First Battle of Tarain|1191 Battle of Tarain]] in present-day [[Haryana]], a narrative which also coincides with the oral traditions of [[Romani people|Romani gypsies]] of Europe who also recall 12th century Islamic invasion of India as the [[Romani people#Possible migration route|cause of their migration]].<ref>V. Hari Saravanan, 2014, [https://books.google.com/books?id=y2noBgAAQBAJ&dq=Pusad+history&pg=PT481 Gods, Heroes, and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural].</ref>

=== Medieval era===

Two [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]]s (Nageshwaram) in 13th century [[hemadpanti architecture]] which are an important place of pilgrimage 85 km southwest of Pusad,<ref>{{cite book|title=Indo-European Affairs by Naresh K. Pande|year=1981|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dD0tAQAAMAAJ&q=AUNDHA+}}</ref> ruins of several temples, a fine tank exist in Pusad area as per the [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] report of 1874 CE.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Iew1TUD13ucC&dq=Pusad&pg=PA48 Archaeological Survey of Western India: Reports. Old series], [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]], Volumes 1-8, page 48.</ref> The present Aundha Nagnath temple is said to have been built by the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]] and dates to 13th century,<ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1991: A-D. Migration tables. v. 2. Tables D-4, D-5, D-6, D-7, D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11(S), D-11(F), and D-12|year=1994|publisher=Government Central Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLBHAAAAYAAJ&q=CONSTRUCTED}}</ref> The first temple at this site is said to be from time of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and is believed to have been constructed by [[Yudhishthira]], eldest of the [[Pandava]]s, when they were expelled for 14 years from [[Hastinapur]].<ref name=h>{{cite web|title=Aundha Nagnath |url=http://hingoli.gov.in/Tourist/Aundha.asp |publisher=District Collectorate, Hingoli, Government of Maharashtra |accessdate=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622185948/http://hingoli.gov.in/Tourist/Aundha.asp |archivedate=22 June 2013 }}</ref> The first temple building was seven-storeyed before it was sacked by [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 19, Page 417.</ref>

During the 16th to 20th centuries Pusad was part of [[Berar Province]] which kept changing hands between Maratha [[Peshwa]]s and [[Mughals]]. During 1760 and 1795 this area was with Maratha [[Bhonsle|Bhonsla]] rajas of [[Nagpur kingdom]]. Marathas ceded these to British after [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Wellesley]]'s victories at [[Assaye]] and [[Battle of Argaon|Argaon]] (1803), who in turn handed these over to [[Nizam|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] of [[Hyderabad State]] in 1804. After this [[Pindari]] and [[Bhil]] raiders too stopped their harassing raids in this area. Nizam was initially a viceroy of Hydrabad province of [[Mughal Empire]], from 1724 CE he ruled this area independently until he came under British protectorate, after 1857 he gradually became a [[princely state]] of the British Raj.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

=== British era===
[[File:Central_Provinces_India_1903.gif|thumb|200px|Central Provinces and its Berar Division in 1903]]

During [[British Raj]] [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] (1802-1871), to install and maintain measuring marker stones, the Bittergaon and Sukli villages in Pusad area were visited regularly including in 1868 and 1873.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_eZDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pusad&pg=RA1-PA11 Synopsis of the Results of the Operations], [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]], Volume 8.</ref> [[Washim]] to Pusad road through Penganga reserve was constructed around 1878.<ref>1878, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8JwIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Pusad&pg=PA31 Report on the Hyderabad assigned districts], Berar province report, page 31.</ref>

In 1853, the administration of the Berar province was assigned to the British East India Company by the Nizam following a treaty. It was divided into two districts each headed by a deputy commissioner, South Berar with its headquarters at [[Hingoli]], and North Berar with its headquarters at [[Buldhana|Buldana]]. After the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], Hingoli and its adjoining areas [including Pusad] were restored to the Nizam and the province was reconstituted into two districts, East Berar with its headquarters at [[Amravati]], and West Berar with its headquarters at [[Akola city|Akola]].<ref name=amravati>{{cite web|url=http://amravati.nic.in/gazetteer/gazetteerA/history.html#.|title=Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency-Amraoti district-History and Archaeology|publisher=Amravati district website|access-date=25 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410083314/http://amravati.nic.in/gazetteer/gazetteerA/history.html#.|archive-date=10 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1903 Berar Province became the [[Berar Division]] of [[Central Provinces]]. In 1936 these were renamed as [[Central Provinces and Berar]].{{cn|date=February 2022}}

===Independent India===
In 1950 when the [[Constitution of India]] came into effect, Pusad as part of the Central Provinces & Berar was merged with the newly formed state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In 1956, under pressure from [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Irredentism|Irredentists]], the [[Berar Division|Berar]] and Nagpur divisions were transferred to [[Bombay state]]. In 1960, the Bombay State was partitioned into [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]].<ref>Markovits, Claude (ed.) (2004). ''A History of Modern India: 1480-1950''. Anthem Press, London</ref> There is an ongoing [[Vidarbha movement]] to demand statehood for [[Vidarbha]] region,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033855/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-14/nagpur/28130478_1_vidarbha-rajya-sangram-samiti-vidarbha-bandh-western-maharashtra-leaders Most Vidarbha MPs, MLAs favour statehood], Times of India, 14 June 2010.</ref><ref>http://www.epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/6166.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> as well as a separate movement to demand upgrade of Pusad's status from taluk to district.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congresss-nitin-raut-demands-creation-of-22-new-districts-in-maharashtra/articleshow/48754990.cms Congress's Nitin Raut demands creation of 22 new districts in Maharashtra], Economic Times, 31 August 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Abraham|first=TO|date=1 August 2009|title=Pusad likely to get district status|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Pusad-likely-to-get-district-status/articleshow/4843997.cms|access-date=18 August 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/CM-turns-down-demand-for-Pusad-dist/articleshow/53458028.cms CM turns down demand for Pusad dist], Times of India, 29 July 2016.</ref>

[[Vasantrao Naik]], a grassroots Banjara leader, who was born in Gahuli village of Pusad remains the longest serving [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] from 1963 to 1975.<ref>Prashant H. Pandya, 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1ceuBAAAQBAJ&dq=vasantrao+naik+Prashant+H.+Pandya%2C+2013%2C+%5B+Indian+Philately+Digest%5D%2C+Page+9.&pg=PA9 Indian Philately Digest], Page 9.</ref>
Sudhakarrao Naik is former Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 1991 to 1993 and former Governor of Himachal Pradesh in 1994.

== Geography ==
=== Topography ===
{{see also | Deccan_Plateau#Geology | l1= Geology of Deccan Plateau | Geology of India}}

Just north of ''Pusad hills'' is the ''Buldhana-Yavatmal plateau'', itself part of the bigger [[Deccan Plateau]], extends from [[Penganga River|Penganga valley]] of Pusad region in south, to the [[Purna River (tributary of Godavari)|Purna valley]] of [[Ajanta range]] of [[Marathwada]] in north, and to [[Wardha River|Wardha valley]] in the east. It covers the southern parts of districts of [[Akola district|Akola]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]] and [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]. [[Terrain|Highest elevation]] of {{convert|600–900|m}} is found in Buldhana and Chikhuli, {{convert|450–600|m}} in south around Pusad, {{convert|300–450|m}} sloping [[escarpment]] (steep cliff) towards Purna and Wardha river valleys in north and east respectively. The edges and interior of this [[Dissected plateau|plateau are jagged]] and littered with series of hills and valleys. Hills are mostly "flat topped" ([[Erosion#Mountain ranges|eroded former larger plateau]]) with [[cliff|sharp drops]], [[Structural trap|trappean]] in structure, made of [[Deccan Traps|basalt]], [[Summit accordance|gradually sloping]] in the west but [[unconformity|uneven]] in the east. Slopes are steep, [[Semi-arid climate|dry]], without many plants or trees. Further north of Ajanta range is ''"Amravati plateau"'' which extends till [[Gawilghur]] hill range.<ref name=pra1>Prabha Shastri Ranade, 1990, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XhF2rr_4uhsC&dq=Pusad&pg=PA8 Population Dynamics in India], Ashish Publication, Delhi.</ref>

=== Hydrology ===
{{main | Upper Pus Dam#Hydrology | l1= Hydrology of Pus River basin}}

The town is located on the south and western banks of the "Pus river", a tributary of [[Painganga River]]. The ''Pus river'' flows through Pusad taluka, the [[Arunavati River]] and [[Adan River]] through [[Darwha]] taluka.<ref name=osmana1>1964, "District Census Handbook, [Maharashtra]: Osmanabad", Superintendent of Census Operations Maharashtra, Government Printing and Stationery, Maharashtra State, India.</ref> [[Murray Leaf]] explains that the "Pus valley" lies in a wide but isolated upland valley in the [[Banjara|tribal area]] which has small towns and very few highways as most of the area is covered with teak and sal forests which are illegally felled by the poachers.<ref name=murray1/> Pus river originates in [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] range near [[Washim]] town. It flows through Pusad, converges with [[Penganga River]]<ref name=tel1>[http://www.telangana360.com/2016/11/penganga-river.html Penganga river], telangana360.com, accessed 6 November 2019.</ref> near [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] in [[Nanded district]] of Maharashtra, Penganga River in turn flows into [[Wardha River]],<ref name=tel1/> which in turn flows into [[Pranhita River]],<ref name=tel1/> and Pranhita in turn flows in to [[Godavari River]]<ref name=tel1/> which finally end in the [[Bay of Bengal]] just east of [[Rajahmundry]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. All these rivers drain the [[Deccan Plateau]] in the south-easterly and easterly directions along the general slope of the plateau.<ref name=river1>Saravanam Karthikeyan and Anand Kumar 1993, Flora of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, Page viii.</ref>

{{anchor|Dam|Dams}}Pusad city has several dams nearby in all directions. On the Pus river are the [[Upper Pus Dam]] (Pus Dam, built in 1971) 25 km northwest of Pusad<ref name=pusdama1/> and downstream [[Lower Pus Dam]] (built in 1983) 25 km southeast of Pusad near [[Mahagaon, Yavatmal|Mahagaon]].<ref name=pusdama1>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Lower_Pus_D02869 | title=Lower Pus D02869 | accessdate=1 March 2013 | archive-date=12 April 2013 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412232801/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Lower_Pus_D02869 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf Specifications of large dams in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> Painganga river, of which the Pus river is a tributary, has the [[Isapur Dam]] (Upper Painganga Dam)<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://yavatmal.nic.in/location.htm
|title = Yavatmal district
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070713233417/http://yavatmal.nic.in/location.htm
|archive-date = 2007-07-13
}}</ref> 30 km southwest of Pusad near [[Kalamnuri]] which was built in 1982. [[Arunawati Dam]], 40 km north of Pusad and built in 1994, is near [[Digras]] on [[Arunavati River]] (tributary of [[Tapti River|Tapi River]]).<ref name=damsd1/>

=== Climate ===
Pusad's climate is extreme, with temperatures ranging as high as {{cvt|49|°C}} during summer to as low as {{cvt|5|°C}} during winter. This temperature range is a result of the "Basket Effect" (i.e. high-altitude hillside effect), as Pusad is surrounded by hills.

{{Weather box
| location = Pusad (1981–2010, extremes 1960–2008)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 35.2
| Feb record high C = 40.4
| Mar record high C = 43.7
| Apr record high C = 46.4
| May record high C = 47.5
| Jun record high C = 47.6
| Jul record high C = 41.5
| Aug record high C = 38.0
| Sep record high C = 39.0
| Oct record high C = 39.0
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 39.0
| year record high C = 47.6
| Jan high C = 30.6
| Feb high C = 33.3
| Mar high C = 37.8
| Apr high C = 41.3
| May high C = 42.9
| Jun high C = 37.8
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 30.9
| Sep high C = 32.8
| Oct high C = 33.2
| Nov high C = 31.3
| Dec high C = 30.1
| year high C = 34.6
| Jan low C = 13.0
| Feb low C = 14.8
| Mar low C = 19.1
| Apr low C = 24.0
| May low C = 28.0
| Jun low C = 25.9
| Jul low C = 24.0
| Aug low C = 23.2
| Sep low C = 22.9
| Oct low C = 19.8
| Nov low C = 15.5
| Dec low C = 11.9
| year low C = 20.2
| Jan record low C = 2.7
| Feb record low C = 5.4
| Mar record low C = 10.4
| Apr record low C = 13.6
| May record low C = 19.1
| Jun record low C = 20.0
| Jul record low C = 18.1
| Aug record low C = 19.0
| Sep record low C = 16.6
| Oct record low C = 11.2
| Nov record low C = 5.7
| Dec record low C = 4.5
| year record low C = 2.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 15.7
| Feb rain mm = 2.7
| Mar rain mm = 10.6
| Apr rain mm = 7.8
| May rain mm = 11.2
| Jun rain mm = 190.1
| Jul rain mm = 221.0
| Aug rain mm = 251.6
| Sep rain mm = 146.9
| Oct rain mm = 88.1
| Nov rain mm = 21.2
| Dec rain mm = 10.4
| year rain mm = 957.3
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 0.8
| Apr rain days = 0.8
| May rain days = 1.8
| Jun rain days = 9.1
| Jul rain days = 11.9
| Aug rain days = 11.3
| Sep rain days = 7.0
| Oct rain days = 4.0
| Nov rain days = 1.3
| Dec rain days = 0.6
| year rain days = 49.7
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 42
| Feb humidity = 33
| Mar humidity = 30
| Apr humidity = 27
| May humidity = 24
| Jun humidity = 49
| Jul humidity = 66
| Aug humidity = 71
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 50
| Nov humidity = 46
| Dec humidity = 43
|year humidity = 46
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Pusad Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 635–636
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M151
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Pusad had a total population of 73,046, of which 37,366 were males and 35,680 were females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 8,673. The total number of literates in Pusad was 58,794, which constituted 80.5% of the population with male literacy of 83.6% and female literacy of 77.2%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Pusad was 91.3%, of which the male literacy rate was 95.5% and the female literacy rate was 87.0%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 10,194 and 3,453 respectively. Pusad had 14905 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Pusad |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=610535 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref>
The nearby 6 villages is to be included in city of Pusad N. Parishad, namely Shrirampur, Kakad Dati, Dhankeshwar, Kawadipur, Gaimukhnagar and Adarsh Nagar.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |34589
| style="text-align:right;" |32577
| style="text-align:right;" |67166
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |58.579
| style="text-align:right;" |29.265
| style="text-align:right;" |0.213
| style="text-align:right;" |0.039
| style="text-align:right;" |9.575
| style="text-align:right;" |2.072
| style="text-align:right;" |0.180
| style="text-align:right;" |0.077
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |37366
| style="text-align:right;" |35680
| style="text-align:right;" |73046
| style="text-align:right;" |0.088
| style="text-align:right;" |56.225
| style="text-align:right;" |32.417
| style="text-align:right;" |0.233
| style="text-align:right;" |0.066
| style="text-align:right;" |9.057
| style="text-align:right;" |1.939
| style="text-align:right;" |0.010
| style="text-align:right;" |0.055
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.58579,0.56225
| y2=0.29265,0.32417
| y3=0.00213,0.00233
| y4=0.00039,0.00066
| y5=0.09575,0.09057
| y6=0.02072,0.01939
| y7=0.0018,0.0001
| y8=0.00077,0.00055
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.58579,0.56225
| y2=0.29265,0.32417
| y3=0.00213,0.00233
| y4=0.00039,0.00066
| y5=0.09575,0.09057
| y6=0.02072,0.01939
| y7=0.0018,0.0001
| y8=0.00077,0.00055
}}

==== ''Jaati'' or caste based breakup of Pusad====
Banjaras are the main tribal group of Pusad taluka, among them, Rathod and Chavhan Banjaras are most numerous. Charan Banjaras, also called Gormati Banjara, in Pusad taluk belong to both ''Bada Rathod'' and ''Chota Rathode'' clans. Main subclans among Bada Rathod are Khola, Ratla, Khatrot, Gedavat, Raslinya, and Dedavat. The main subclans among Chota Rathod are Meghwat, Ghegawat, Ralsot, Ramawat, Khelkhawat, Manlot, Harawat, Tolawat, Dudhawat, Sangawat, and Patolot. The main subclans among Jadon or Jadhav Banjaras are Dharawat, Gughlot, Badawat, Boda, Malod, Ajmera, Padya, Lakhawat, and Nulawat. The main subclans among Labhana Banjaras are Kesharot, Dhirbasi, Gugra, Rusawat, Meghawat, kachkad, Pachoria, Alwat, Khasawat, Bhokan, Katkwal, Dhobda, Machalya, Khaseria, Gozal, Borya, Ramawat, Bhutiya, Bumbholya, Retheyo, and Manzawat. There are some rare Sonar Banjara clans such as Medran. The drum beater Dhalya Banjaras who are found in Pusad, unlike other banjaras, do not have Rajput sounding names as they are like native tribes of Maharashtra who were accepted later among Banjaras as service providers.<ref name=riv1>Shashishekhar Gopal Deogaonkar, Shailaja Shashishekhar Deogaonkar,1992, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JNvGp4Yuk4QC&dq=Pusad&pg=PA18 The Banjara], Page 18.</ref>
Apart from Banjaras, Pusad has a sizable Nand Gawali(Gavli),[[Komati (caste)]], Marwadi and [[Maratha (caste)]] population. Pusad also has a good population of adherents of Jain, Buddhist and Muslim religion.

== Economy ==
=== Agriculture and aquaculture sector ===
Main crops are [[Commercial sorghum|millet]], [[wheat]], [[Tur (bean)|tur]], [[cotton]], [[peanut|groundnut]], [[sunflower]], etc.<ref name=murray1/> In the hilly parts of Pusad taluka the [[Unified Soil Classification System|soil type]] is coarse [[gravel]]ly or loose [[Friability|friable]] of [[Chernozem|black colour]].<ref name=murray1/><ref name=osmana1/> The command area of [[Major irrigation project|medium size]] Pus River irrigation system has 25265 ha. of which 13680 ha is cultivatable and further 8215 ha is irrigable, and the project is designed with 114% "irrigation density" which is the ratio of total irrigated area to total irrigable area.<ref name=murray1>[[Murray Leaf]], 1998, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nShHkKOiPTsC&dq=pus+river+maharashtra&pg=PA60 Pragmatism and Development: The Prospect for Pluralist Transformation in The Third World], Bergin and Garvey, Page 60-.</ref> For the irrigation, "Pus river" has [[Upper Pus Dam]] {{cvt|18|km}} northwest of Pusad town built in 1971,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |title=Specifications of large dams in India |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Upper_Pus_(Pus)_D01030 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412225626/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Upper_Pus_(Pus)_D01030 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 April 2013 | title=Upper Pus (Pus) D01030 | access-date=1 March 2013 }}</ref> and [[Lower Pus Dam]] near [[Mahagaon, Yavatmal|Mahagaon]] {{cvt|40|km}} east of Pusad built in 1983.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Lower_Pus_D02869 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412232801/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Lower_Pus_D02869 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 April 2013 | title=Lower Pus D02869 | access-date=1 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf Specifications of large dams in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

In terms of [[fish farming]], the minor [[carp]] fish constitute 75 to 95% of the total catch in the Pus river reservoirs.<ref name=river2>V. V. Sugunan, 1995, "Reservoir Fisheries of India", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Page 211.</ref>

=== Industrial and manufacturing sector ===
Since before 1958, Pusad has cotton ginning and oil press factories.<ref>1958, Large Industrial Establishments in India, Volume 28, Page 14.</ref> To boost the [[Small and medium-sized enterprises]] the Banjara elites of the Pusad city established a [[microfinance]] [[Cooperative banking|cooperative banking society]] in 2006 with 1100 members.<ref>J. J. Roy Burman, 2010, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ai57G7ei0tIC&dq=Pusad&pg=PA129 Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe: The Laman Banjara ], Mittal Publications, Delhi, Page 129.</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Tilak in Pusad Narsimha temple.jpg|thumb|Painting of [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in Narsimha Temple with a note of his visit.]]
[[Ganeshotsav]] and [[Navaratri festival]] is celebrated annually in Pusad.{{cn|date=February 2022}} [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] is credited with turning Ganeshotsav into a community festival from a private ceremony. The tradition of Ganeshotsav in Pusad is linked to Tilak's visit to the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lokmanya Tilak turned Ganeshotsav from private celebration to community festival, says historian |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/lokmanya-tilak-turned-ganeshotsav-from-private-celebration-to-community-festival-says-historian-5978274/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=9 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Dankeshwar ([[Shiva]] temple), Kondeshwar Temple Wanwarla which has littile bit same design as of Kedarnath Temple and it has architecture of hemadpanti stones and Karla Jatra are major religious festivals as well.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

== Transport ==
[[File:Shivaji statue Pusad.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Chowk in Pusad]]
Pusad is connected to major cities in the [[Maharashtra]] State by roadways only. [[MSRTC]] buses run from Pusad to [[Mumbai]], [[Nagpur]], [[Yavatmal]], [[Pune]], [[Amravati]], [[Akola]], [[Washim]], [[Hingoli]], [[Nanded]], [[Solapur]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Raipur]], [[Umarkhed]], [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]], [[Ansing]], [[Adilabad]], [[Mahagaon, Gadhinglaj|Mahagaon]] and [[Indore]]. Roads in Pusad are equipped with traffic signals recently built in 2017.

Pusad was connected to [[Darwha Moti Bagh Junction railway station]] in Yavatmal by Central Provinces Railway Company, but line from [[Darwha]] to Pusad was dismantled in 1920.<ref name=indiatv /><ref>{{cite web| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4041983.stm| title=A railway ride into history| website=BBC| first=Jaideep| last=Hardikar| date=26 November 2004}}</ref> From Yavatmal it was further linked to [[Achalpur railway station]] in [[Amravati district]] by narrow gauge [[Shakuntala Railway]] which was built in 1903 to carry cotton from cotton-rich interior areas of [[Vidarbha]] to the [[Murtajapur railway station|Murtajapur Junction]] on main broad gauge line to [[Mumbai]] from where it was shipped to [[Manchester]] in England.<ref name=indiatv>{{cite web| url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/british-company-still-gets-royalty-for-shakuntala-railway-9881.html/| title=British Company Still Gets Royalty For Shakuntala Railway| website=IndiaTV| date=15 August 2011}}</ref> [[Pusad railway station]] (reporting code PUB) is planned on the under construction [[Wardha–Nanded line]], which has been given a "special project" status.<ref name="fe">{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/wardha-nanded-rail-line-project-gets-special-status/325296/|title=Wardha-Nanded rail line project gets special status|date=22 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://m.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/land-acquisition-for-new-rail-line-in-yavatmal-fasttracked/article9627794.ece|title=Land acquisition for new rail line in Yavatmal fast-tracked}}</ref> Nearest railway station is at [[Washim]] {{cvt|60|km}}, [[Akola]] and [[Nanded]] {{cvt|110|km}}.

Nearest functional airports are [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport]] {{cvt|110|km}} away in [[Nanded]] and [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport]] {{cvt|270|km}} away at [[Nagpur]]. Other nearby airports without functional scheduled flights are [[Yavatmal Airport]] {{cvt|110|km}} and [[Akola Airport]] {{cvt|140|km}}.

== Education ==
*[[Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad|JSPM's Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering]] is a notable not-for-profit private engineering college established in 1983.<ref name=prop>[http://www.bncoepusad.ac.in/bncoe/PDF/Fee_Proposal_2016-17_2017-18_.pdf JSPM and BNCOE College details]</ref><ref>[http://www.highereducationinindia.com/institutes/babasaheb-naik-college-of-engineering-157.php BNCOE profile on Higher Education India portal]</ref><ref name=bncoe>{{cite web|title=Babasaheb Naik College Of Engineering, Pusad|url=http://www.bncoepusad.ac.in/|publisher=bncoepusad.ac.in|access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref>
* Koshatwar Daulatkhan Vidyalaya and G. Mukhare Jr. College, Pusad<ref>{{cite web |title=K D SEC & G M JR COLLAGE, PUSAD - Pusad, District Yavatmal (Maharashtra) |url=https://schools.org.in/yavatmal/27141112224/k-d-sec-&-g-m-jr-collage-pusad.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=24 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* Navjeevan Dnyanpeeth English Medium school<ref>{{cite web |title=Navjeevan Dnyanpeeth English Medium School |url=https://www.bharatibiz.com/en/navjeevan-dnyanpeeth-english-medium-072332-46185 |website=bharatibiz.com |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
* Sudhakarrao Naik Institute of Pharmacy<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudhakarrao Naik Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad: Admission, Fees, Courses, Placements, Cutoff, Ranking |url=https://www.careers360.com/colleges/sudhakarrao-naik-institute-of-pharmacy-pusad |website=www.careers360.com |access-date=24 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra#Proposed_districts|List of proposed districts of Maharashtra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Yavatmal district topics}}

{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Pusad
|North = [[Manora, Washim|Manora]]
|Northeast = [[Digras]], [[Darwha]], [[Akola Bazar]], [[Yavatmal]]
|East = [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]], [[R.S.Chavan the Nanded district]]
|Southeast = [[Mahagaon, Yavatmal|Mahagaon]]
|South = [[Umarkhed]]
|Southwest = [[Kalamnuri]],([[Hingoli district]])
|West =
|Northwest = [[Washim]] (district) and [[Ansing]]
}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Yavatmal district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Ramachandra of Devagiri

2026-05-02T11:28:28Z

Md Rifat: added a stub

{{Short description|Yadava ruler from 1271 to 1311}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ramachandra
| image = Seuna (Yadava). Ramachandra. 1270-1311 Central lotus blossom, two śri, conch, and “śri rama” in Devanagari above standard left, each in incuse.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Gold Gadyana of Ramachandra (1270–1311), central lotus blossom, two śri, conch, and "śri rama" in Devanagari above standard left, each in incuse.
| title = [[King of Kings|Maharajadhiraja]] Rayanarayana
| succession = King of [[Devagiri]]
| reign = {{circa|1271|1311 CE}}
| dynasty = [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Seuna (Yadava)]]
| predecessor = [[Ammana]]
| successor = Simhana III
| father = [[Krishna of Devagiri|Krishna]]
| issue = Simhana III [[Jhatyapali]] Ballala [[Bhima of Mahikavati|Bhima]]
| religion = [[Vaishnavism]]
}}
'''Ramachandra''' ([[IAST]]: Rāmacandra, r. {{circa|1271-1311 CE}}), also known as '''Ramadeva''', was a ruler of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]] of [[Deccan]] region in India. He seized the throne from his cousin [[Ammana]], after staging a coup in the capital [[Devagiri]]. He expanded the Yadava realm by fighting his neighbours such as the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s, the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghelas]], the [[Hoysala]]s, and the [[Kakatiya]]s.

In 1296 CE, he faced a [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri|Muslim invasion]] from the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and was forced to pay an annual tribute to [[Alauddin Khalji]]. After he discontinued the tribute payments in 1303-1304 CE, Alauddin sent [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri|an army]] led by his slave-general [[Malik Kafur]] to subjugate him around 1308, forcing the Yadavas to become a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate. Subsequently, Ramachandra served Alauddin as a loyal feudatory, and helped his forces defeat the Kakatiyas and the Hoysalas.

== Early life ==

Ramachandra was a son of the Yadava monarch [[Krishna of Devagiri|Krishna]]. At the time of Krishna's death around 1260 CE, Ramachandra was probably very young, because of which his uncle (Krishna's younger brother) [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]] ascended the throne.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=546}} When Mahadeva's son [[Ammana]] became the next monarch around 1270 CE, Ramachandra also made a claim to the throne. Most of the important officers and generals probably saw Ramachandra as the rightful heir. This is evident from the fact that courtiers [[Hemadri]] and Tikkama, who had been loyal to Mahadeva, deserted Ammana and started supporting Ramachandra.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=548}}

== Coup against Ammana ==

Sometime in the second half of 1271 CE, Ramachandra seized the throne from his cousin Ammana. An inscription of Ramachandra gives the following account of this [[coup]]: Ramachandra and his followers entered the Devagiri fort, disguising themselves as actors. During a performance before the entertainment-loving Ammana, they suddenly seized the monarch and his supporters.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=548}}

This account is also supported by literary texts such as ''Bhanuvilasa'' (a [[Mahanubhava]] text) and ''Nagadeva-Charita'' of Parashurama-Vyasa.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=151}} According to the Mahanubhava texts, Ramachandra blinded Ammana. ''Nagadeva-Charita'' states that Ramachandra killed Ammana, and that Ramachandra's ultimate defeat against the Muslims was a result of this sin. The veracity of this claim is doubtful, since the other texts only mention the blinding, not the killing.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=549}}

== Conflicts with neighbours ==
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=== Paramaras ===

The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] kingdom of [[Malwa]] was located to the north of the Yadava kingdom. By the 1270s, the Paramara power had weakened considerably, and their kingdom had been divided between the king [[Arjunavarman II]] and his minister. Taking advantage of this situation, Ramachandra invaded the Paramara kingdom in the 1270s, and easily defeated the Paramara army.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=549}}

Ramachandra's 1271 CE [[Paithan]] inscription alludes to his conquest of Malwa, and his 1276 CE Udari inscription describes him as "a lion in destroying the multitude of the rutting elephants of Arjuna". The Malwa invasion may have been a way to mark his ascension to the throne.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1970|p=140}}

=== Vaghelas ===

During the northern campaign against the Paramaras, Ramachandra also appears to have been involved in skirmishes against his north-western neighbours, the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghelas]] of [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]]. Inscriptions of both the dynasties claim victories, so this conflict appears to have ended inconclusively.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=549}} The [[Thane]] copper-plate inscription of Ramachandra states that the Yadavas won the war, while the Cintra copper-plate inscription of Sarangadeva claims that the Vaghelas emerged victorious in this conflict.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=152}}

=== Hoysalas ===

During the reign of Ramachandra's uncle [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]], the Yadavas had suffered a defeat against their southern neighbours, the [[Hoysala]]s. To avenge this defeat, Ramachandra decided to send a powerful expedition against the Hoysalas. He spent 2–3 years preparing for this expedition.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}} The expedition was led by experienced generals such as Saluva Tikkama, Joyideva, Irungola Chola of Nirgunda, and Harapala (a son-in-law of Ramachandra).{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=152}}{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}} Their force was supported by another force led by the general Kannaradeva and the ministers Chaundarasa and Vanadaevarasa.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=152}}

The Yadava force led by Tikkama invaded the Hoysala territory in the autumn of 1275. When Tikkama encamped at [[Belavadi]] near the Hoysala capital [[Dvarasamudra]], the Hoysala king [[Narasimha III]] send a force led by Anka and Maideva to counter him. Tikkama defeated this Hoysala force in January 1276.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}}

Meanwhile, the Yadava force led by Kannaradeva attacked Doravadi in the Hoysala territory. The Yadavas won the battle, but their minister Vanadevarasa was killed by the Hoysala chief Singeya Nayaka.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=152}}

Tikkama subsequently besieged the Hoysala capital Dvarasamudra.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}} Over the next few months, the Hoysala generals such as Nanjeya and Gullaya were killed defending their capital against the invaders. On 25 April 1276, the Hoysala commander-in-chief's son Ankeya Nayaka led a decisive attack against the Yadavas, and forced Tikkama to retreat to Dhummi.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}}

Although he was unable to conquer the Hoysala capital, Tikkama managed to gather a large plunder from this invasion, including a large number of elephants and horses.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=550}} There were some minor skirmishes between the two kingdoms over the next few years, but there was no major conflict. The Hoysala king Narasimha remained occupied in a family feud against his brother Ramanatha, while Ramachandra was busy in campaigns against other rivals.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|pp=550-551}}

=== Kakatiyas ===

Ramachandra's uncle [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]] had suffered a setback against their eastern neighbours, the [[Kakatiya]]s. Instead of launching a direct attack against the Kakatiyas, Ramachandra appears to have supported the chiefs who were unhappy with the Kakatiya queen [[Rudrama Devi|Rudrama]]. The Kakatiya queen retaliated to these political maneuvers, resulting in the conquest of some Yadava territories by the Kakatiya general Vitthala-deva-nayaka. This general built new fortifications at [[Raichur Fort|Raichur]] in the former Yadava territory in 1294.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=152}}

=== Northeastern campaign ===

The Purushottamapuri inscription of Ramachandra suggests that he expanded the Yadava dominion at its north-east frontier. First, he subjugated the rulers of Vajrakara (probably modern Vairagad) and Bhandagara (modern [[Bhandara, Maharashtra|Bhandara]]).{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=551}}

The inscription suggests that he next marched to the defunct [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] kingdom, and occupied the former Kalachuri capital [[Tewar, Madhya Pradesh|Tripuri]] (modern Tewar near [[Jabalpur]]). Using Tripuri as his base, he marched to the Hindu holy city of Kashi ([[Varanasi]]), which had been captured by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] from the [[Gahadavala]]s in the preceding decades. The inscription states that he built a temple dedicated to the god Sharangadhara ([[Vishnu]]) in Kashi. According to historian [[A. S. Altekar]], this suggests that Ramachandra occupied Varanasi for at least 2–3 years. This may have happened during 1286–1290, when the Delhi Sultanate had been weakened following the death of [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] and before the ascension of [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji|Jalaluddin Khalji]].{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=551}} On the other hand, historian P. M. Joshi claims that accounts made in the inscription are "totally hollow".{{sfn|P. M. Joshi|1966|pp=206-207}}

The Purushottamapuri inscription further claims that after Kashi, Ramachandra marched to [[Kanyakubja]] and [[Mount Kailash|Kailasha mountain]]. However, there is no other historical evidence of such conquests. These claims appear to be a result of poetic [[alliteration]] (Kashi - Kanyakubja - Kailasha), and are not based on actual historical incidents.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=551}}

Meanwhile, Ramachandra's feudatories at [[Khed, Ratnagiri|Khed]] and [[Sangameshwar]] in [[Konkan]] rebelled against him. Ramachandra's son crushed this revolt.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=551}}

== Reduction to vassal status ==
{{main|Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri}}

Ramachandra seems to have faced invasions by the [[Turko-Persian]] Muslims (called "[[mlechchhas]]" or "[[Turkic people|Turukas]]") since the 1270s. A 1278 inscription of the monarch calls him a "[[Varaha|Great Boar]] (Varaha) in securing the earth from the oppression of the Turks"; a similar claim is made in some subsequent inscriptions as well. P. M. Joshi says that even after becoming a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate, Ramachandra claimed (or allowed his officials to claim) great victories over the ''Turukas''. Therefore, Joshi dismisses the "great boar" claim as a boastful one, theorizing that at best, Ramachandra may have "chastised some Muslim officials" in the coastal region between [[Goa]] and [[Chaul]]. The Yadavas were certainly aware of the danger of Muslim invasion by 1291, when ''Rukmini-Svayamvara'' by the Yadava court poet Narendra mentions "the prowess and ruthlessness" of the mlechchhas.{{sfn|P. M. Joshi|1966|p=206}}

In 1296, [[Alauddin Khalji]], the governor of the [[Kara-Manikpur|Kara]] province of [[Delhi Sultanate]], raided Devagiri. At the time of Alauddin's invasion, a major part of the Yadava army was away from the capital, under the crown prince Simhana. Ramachandra was not adequately prepared for a defence, and agreed to a peace treaty, promising Alauddin a large tribute. However, before the treaty could be realized, Simhana returned to the capital with the Yadava army. Alauddin defeated him, and imposed a much heavier tribute on Ramachandra.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=552}}

The Yadavas lost their prestige as a result of Alauddin's invasion. Taking advantage of the weakened Yadava power, the Kakatiya ruler [[Prataparudra]] annexed the eastern part of Ramachandra's kingdom, which included the present-day [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]] and [[Raichur district|Raichur]] districts. The [[Hoysala]] ruler [[Veera Ballala III|Ballala III]] and his general Gangeya Sahani recaptured the territories that the Hoysalas had lost to the Yadavas in the preceding years, including the town of [[Banavasi]].{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=153}}

Alauddin Khalji usurped the throne of Delhi from his uncle [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji|Jalaluddin Khalji]] in 1296, shortly after his successful raid against the Yadavas. Ramachandra stopped sending tributes to Alauddin after 1303–1304.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=553}} According to the 14th century Muslim chronicler [[Isami (historian)|Isami]], Ramachandra secretly informed Alauddin that he did not want to rebel against the Sultanate, and that the rebel Yadava faction was being controlled by his son. In 1308, Alauddin Khalji sent a force led by his slave-general [[Malik Kafur]] to subjugate Ramachandra. Malik Kafur's army conclusively defeated the Yadava army led by the crown-prince, and took Ramachandra to Delhi. In Delhi, Alauddin treated Ramachandra with courtesy, and reinstated him as a vassal in Devagiri. Alauddin bestowed upon him the title ''Raja-i-Rajan'' ("king of kings"), and also gave him [[Navsari]] as a personal [[jagir]].{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=554}}

According to Isami, Ramachandra also gave his daughter Jhatyapali in marriage to Alauddin.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=56}} This daughter is alternatively called Chhitai, Jhitai, Jethapali or Kshetrapali in various historical texts.{{sfn|P. M. Joshi|1966|p=210}} Isami states that she was the mother of Alauddin's son and successor [[Shihab-ud-din Omar]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=57}} The 14th century Persian historian [[Wassaf]], in his ''Tajziyat al-amsar'', also mentions that the ruler of Devagiri gave his daughter to Alauddin to save his life. The 16th century historian [[Firishta]] claims that after Alauddin's death, his viceroy [[Malik Kafur]] married Ramachandra's daughter. ''Chhitai Varta'' (c. 1440), a Hindi poem by Narayan-das, narrates her legend.{{sfn|P. M. Joshi|1966|p=210}}

Ramachandra remained loyal to Alauddin until his death, and helped Malik Kafur defeat the [[Siege of Warangal, 1310|Kakatiyas]] (1309) and the [[Siege of Dwarasamudra|Hoysalas]] (1311).{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=153}} When the Sultanate forces halted at Devagiri during their invasion of the Kakatiya capital [[Warangal]], Ramachandra put his kingdom's facilities at their disposal. During the Sultanate's invasion of the Hoysala capital [[Dvarasamudra]], Ramachandra supported them with supplies during their halt at Devagiri. He also ordered his general Purushottama to guide the Sultanate forces to the Hoysala frontiers.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=554}}

== Successors ==

Ramachandra appears to have died sometime in 1311, although the exact date of his death is not certain.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=554}} The Nala inscription, his last extant inscription, is dated 1311 CE (1233 [[Shaka era|Shaka]]).{{sfn|Ramakant R. Bhoir|2002|pp=25-27}} He was succeeded by his son Simhana III (also Shankaradeva or Singhana), who was defeated and killed after unsuccessfully rebelling against [[Alauddin Khalji]].{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=155}}{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=554}}

Ramachandra had two other sons: Ballala and [[Bhima of Mahikavati|Bhima]] (also called Bimba).{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=555}} Of these, Bhima escaped to [[Konkan]], where he established a base at Mahikavati (modern [[Mahim]] in [[Mumbai]]).{{sfn|Stephen Meredyth Edwardes|1902|p=25}}

== Religion ==

The Yadava records call Ramachandra a great devotee of [[Shiva]] (''maha-maheshvara''), and state that he anointed eight [[lingam|icons]] of the god "with the milk of his fame". These records also compare him to [[Vishnu]] and his various [[avatar]]s; for example, he is called "[[Narayana]] among kings" (''raya-narayana''). An inscription compares him to the god [[Rama]], and states that he liberated the holy city of [[Varanasi]] from the [[mlechchhas]] (foreigners), and built a golden temple of Sharngadhara ([[Vishnu]]) there.{{sfn|Sheldon Pollock|1995|p=144}}

[[Hemadpant]], a minister of Ramachandra and his father, is credited with building five temples at [[Ramtek]], which were dedicated to Rama-[[Sita]], Lakshmana-svami, [[Hanuman]], goddess Ekadashi, and [[Lakshmi-Narayana]]. An inscription discovered at the Lakshmanasvami temple suggests that Ramachandra empowered his viceroy to promote the Rama worship at [[Ramtek]].{{sfn|Sheldon Pollock|1995|p=144}}

The land grants issued by Ramachandra declare that the "dam of [[Dharma#Hinduism|dharma]]" is common to all kings, and urge all future kings to abide by this "dam".{{sfn|Sheldon Pollock|1995|p=145}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=A. S. Altekar |author-link=Anant Sadashiv Altekar |editor=Ghulam Yazdani |title=The Early History of the Deccan |volume=VIII: Yādavas of Seuṇadeśa |year=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=14DvAQAACAAJ |oclc=59001459 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290-1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 }}
* {{cite book |author=Onkar Prasad Verma |title=The Yādavas and Their Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8ABAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal |oclc=138387 }}
* {{cite book |author=P. M. Joshi |chapter=Alauddin Khalji's first campaign against Devagiri |editor=H. K. Sherwani |editor-link=Haroon Khan Sherwani |title=Dr. Ghulam Yazdani Commemoration Volume |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK7de_DTsW8C |year=1966 |publisher=Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Oriental Research Institute |oclc=226900 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Ramakant R. Bhoir |title=Latest inscription of Ramchandra Yadava |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |year=2002 |pages=247–250 |publisher=Indian History Congress |jstor=44158092 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sheldon Pollock |chapter=Ramayana and Public Discourse in Medieval India |editor=R. T. Vyas |title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects in Honour of Dr. U.P. Shah |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&pg=PA144 |year=1995 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-316-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=[[Stephen Meredyth Edwardes]] |title=The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect |url=https://archive.org/stream/risebombayaretr00edwagoog#page/n38/mode/2up |year=1902 |publisher=The Times of India Press / Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-14407-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=T. V. Mahalingam |author-link=T. V. Mahalingam |chapter=The Seunas of Devagiri |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 }}
{{refend}}
Sudheer Maurya (2023) Chhitai "Devgiri ki rajkumari ki marmik gatha" Aman Prakashan ISBN=978-93-9510-730-3

{{Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}

[[Category:Seuna (Yadava) kings]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]

Indrabhisheka

2026-04-30T05:47:48Z

Md Rifat: New A Pg.

{{Short description|Historical Hindu ceremony}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2017}}

'''Indrabhisheka''' ({{Langx|sa|इन्द्राभिषेक|translit=Indrābhiṣēka}}) was a ceremony performed by Indian kings that is mentioned in the [[Aitareya Brahmana]].<ref name="Ganga Ram Garg">Gaṅgā Rām Garg., ''Encyclopaedia of the Hindu world, Volume 1''</ref>

==History==
With the loss of political power to the [[Turkic peoples|Turushka]] Islamic hordes, and collapse of tradition, the indrabhisheka ceremony was relegated to the background. The [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadavas]] and [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]]s were the last dynasties to perform a coronation ritual, but whether they performed indrabhisheka ceremony is not clear. Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] Maharaj, the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]], revived the indrabhisheka tradition. [[Pandit Gaga Bhatt]], who presided over his coronation ceremony, wrote a detailed book on the procedure. A thread ceremony, [[Upanayana]], of Shivaji took place on May 29, 1674, and then a [[Vratyastoma]] ceremony was performed.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Hindu rituals]]

Nadiad Assembly constituency

2026-04-30T01:11:25Z

Md Rifat: starting

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nadiad
| mla = Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Kheda district|Kheda]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kheda Lok Sabha constituency|Kheda]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:274166}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 116
}}

'''Nadiad''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Kheda district|Kheda]] district.

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Nadiad Taluka (Part) Villages – Tundel, Dumral, Piplag, Uttarsanda, Bhumel, Narsanda, Gutal, Keriavi, Piplata, Akhdol, Valetva, Vadtal, Rajnagar, Kanjari, Nadiad (M.C.)

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Babubhai Desai
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Dinsha Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color| Janata Party| rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-

|[[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Pankajbhai Desai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]: Nadiad Assembly constituency <ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 104369
|percentage = 63.04
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dhruval Sadhubhai Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 50498
|percentage = 30.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Harshadkumar Sureshbhai Vaghela
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 4646
|percentage = 2.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vankawala Imranbhai Bilalbhai
|party = Right to Recall Party
|votes = 163
|percentage = 0.1
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3672
|percentage = 2.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage = 32.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:271155}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Nadiad<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pankajkumar Desai
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 90,221
|percentage = 53.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jitendrabhai Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 69,383
|percentage = 41.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,363
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,838
|percentage = 12.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 167,406
|percentage = 67.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pankajkumar Desai
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 75,335
|percentage = 49.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jitendrabhai Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 68,748
|percentage = 45.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,587
|percentage = 4.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 152,785
|percentage = 75.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|22.7|72.86|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Kheda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Gujarat]]

Kalidindi Suryana Naga Sanyasi Raju

2026-04-25T03:34:08Z

Md Rifat: New New Bio.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kalidindi Suryana Naga Sanyasi Raju
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Karanam Dharmasri]]
| constituency = [[Chodavaram Assembly constituency|Chodavaram]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Kalidindi Suryana Naga Sanyasi Raju''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly elections 2024: Complete list of NDA candidates - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/andhra-pradesh-assembly-elections-2024-complete-list-of-nda-candidates-19408374.htm/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He has been elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Chodavaram Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Chodavaram Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/chodavaram-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916652.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Chodavaram, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: TDP's Surya Naga Sanyasi Raju Kalidindi wins Chodavaram with 109651 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/chodavaram-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548213-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

Yaanai

2026-04-16T13:15:10Z

Md Rifat: put up a page

{{Short description|2022 film directed by Hari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yaanai
| image = Yaanai_film_poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| writer = Hari
| producer = Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Arun Vijay]]
*[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]
*[[Ramachandra Raju]]
}}
| cinematography = S. Gopinath
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| studio = Drumsticks Productions
| distributor = KKR Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|07|01|India}}
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arun Vijay's 'Yaanai' gets trimmed {{!}} Tamil Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/arun-vijays-yaanai-gets-trimmed/videoshow/92708850.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}15 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title='Yaanai' box office collection: Day 11 |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/07/yaanai-day-11-box-office-collection.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819030601/https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/07/yaanai-day-11-box-office-collection.html |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=Box Office Business}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}65 crore<ref name="boxoffice">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Yaanai Budget & Box Office Collection Day 16 Worldwide |url=https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2022/07/yaanai-budget-box-office-collection-day-1-worldwide.html#:~:text=Yaanai%20has%20been%20made%20on%20an%20overall%20budget%20of%20Rs%2015%20Crores |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191143/https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2022/07/yaanai-budget-box-office-collection-day-1-worldwide.html#:~:text=Yaanai%20has%20been%20made%20on%20an%20overall%20budget%20of%20Rs%2015%20Crores |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=Bollymoviereviewz}}</ref>
}}

'''''Yaanai''''' ({{Translation|Elephant}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]] and produced by Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel under the banner of Drumsticks Productions. The film stars [[Arun Vijay]] and [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] with [[Ramachandra Raju]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]], [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Yogi Babu]] and [[Pugazh (actor)|Pugazh]] and others in supporting roles. [[G.V. Prakash Kumar]] composed the soundtrack and the background score, while Gopinath and [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]] handled the cinematography and editing.<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Arun Vijay's 'Yaanai' release gets a new release date, Here's why |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-yaanai-release-gets-a-new-release-date-heres-why/articleshow/90914063.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

It is the second collaboration of Arun Vijay and Priya Bhavani Shankar after ''[[Mafia: Chapter 1]]'' and Vijay's first collaboration with [[Hari (director)|Hari]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Yaanai trailer: Arun Vijay looks fierce in upcoming action drama |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/tamil/yaanai-trailer-arun-vijay-starrer-looks-fierce-in-the-action-drama-173584 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606194357/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/tamil/yaanai-trailer-arun-vijay-starrer-looks-fierce-in-the-action-drama-173584 |archive-date=6 June 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> It was shot extensively across [[Tamil Nadu]] including [[Ramanathapuram]], [[Rameshwaram]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Palani]] and the final schedule was wrapped up in [[Karaikudi]].

''Yaanai'' was released on 1 July 2022 to positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office.<ref name=":puthiya thalaimurai">{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=இதே மாவ இன்னும் எவ்ளோ நாள் அரைப்பீங்க! அப்டேட் ஆகலையா சார்? - யானை விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/142516/yaanai-movie-2022---Movie-Review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702112823/https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/142516/yaanai-movie-2022---Movie-Review |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2022 |title=Audiences positive response for Yaanai (2022) in twitter |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2022/yaanai-twitter-review-tweets-to-read-about-arun-vijay-s-action-drama-before-you-book-your-tickets-337016.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701081944/https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2022/yaanai-twitter-review-tweets-to-read-about-arun-vijay-s-action-drama-before-you-book-your-tickets-337016.html |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Filmibeat]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
P.R.Veerapandiyan, alias PRV, is an influential person in the [[Ramanathapuram]] district and runs multiple business ventures spanning [[Rameswaram]]. PRV has four sons: Ramachandran, Sivachandran, Jayachandran and Ravichandran "Ravi". Ramachandran, Sivachandran and Jayachandran are PRV's deceased wife's sons, while Ravi is from PRV's second wife, Muthaaram. Ravi loves his brothers dearly, but they covertly disregard him as their half-brother. Ramachandran manages the main business with Sivachandran and Jayachandran, while Ravi manages their low-income properties and his buses.

Samuthiram, who is PRV's former friend from [[Rameswaram]], blames his family for the death of his younger son Pandi and is out to avenge him with Pandi's twin brother, Lingam, who is currently in prison for killing [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]] Thiyagarajan. In a flashback, 7 years ago, Pandi killed Ravi's friend by throwing him off the Ramanathapuram-Rameswaram [[Pamban Bridge|Pamban bridge]]. Ravi, the victim's classmate, made legal proceedings, which got Pandi arrested. Samuthiram personally met with PRV and asked for a truce between them and the dead guy's family. While PRV agreed, his three elder sons refused since the dead guy was from their caste. In a meeting between the victim's family and Samudhram's family, chaos erupts, and Pandi tries to shoot Ravi. Out of options, Thiyagarajan killed Pandi. The next day, Lingam killed Thiyagarajan by dragging him into the sea to avenge Pandi's death, but he got caught and punished with 7 years imprisonment. Ravi also falls in love with Jebamalar, who eventually reciprocates his feelings. Lingam soon gets released from prison, and Ravi realises that Lingam is out for his family's blood, so he secretly tries to protect his family.

Ravi soon stumbles upon his half-niece and Ramachandran's daughter Selvi, alias Paappa's relationship with a Muslim boy named Raheem. Ravi accepts their relationship and tries to prevent Paappa from making hasty decisions, but Paappa elopes with Raheem with the help of Jebamalar. Ravi's caste-fanatic brothers blame him for his inaction despite knowing of Paappa's affair, where they oust him and Muthaaram from their house, and PRV dies from the resulting distress. During his funeral, Ravi's half-brothers forbade Ravi from seeing his father for one last time, but they allowed Lingam and Samuthiram. This incident enraged Muthaaram, and she ridicules Ravi's half-brothers. Ramachandran orders Paappa's death to protect his honour after losing his respect and status.

Ravi decides to take the matter into his own hands and tries to locate Pappa. After intense efforts, Ravi finds Paappa in [[Nagore]], but Raheem is missing. Ravi brings her back to their house, where Ramachandran attempts to kill her, but Ravi stops Ramachandran and warns him. Ravi's brothers decide to team up with Lingam to kill Ravi's household. Ravi tracks down Raheem, who Lingam kidnapped, and reunites Raheem with his parents. At night, Lingam's men barge into Ravi's house while he is not home. Although Paappa and Muthaaram try to stop them from breaking into the house, Lingam and his men manage to enter and start attacking them.

Ravi arrives in time to protect his family from Lingam's attack. Ramachandran gets backstabbed by some of his men, having been bribed by Lingam (who tries to double-cross the brothers), but Ramachandran manages to survive the attack. Muthaaram and Paappa get brutally injured and get admitted to the hospital. Ravi enters their house and tearfully reveals that he has chosen to sever the ties with the family. A guilty Ramachandran reconciles with Ravi, but Lingam kidnaps Jayachandran's child. Ravi begs Lingam to leave her alone, but Lingam doesn't budge.

However, Samuthiram is disgusted at Lingam for trying to kill a child instead of the brothers and distracts him for the child to escape. Lingam tussles with Samuthiram and chases after the girl. Ravi arrives promptly to save her and chases Lingam to an island nearby. Ravi thrashes Lingam but spares him since he is about to become a father, thus ending the feud peacefully. Paappa and Raheem reunite with Ramachandran, and the PRV brothers accept Ravi as their brother.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Arun Vijay]] as Ravichandran
* [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] as Jebamalar
* [[Ramachandra Raju]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** Lingam, Pandi's twin brother
** Pandi, Lingam's twin brother
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Ramachandran, Ravi's elder half-brother
* [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as P.R.Veerapandiyan "PRV", Ravi's father
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Muthaaram, PRV's wife and Ravi's mother
* [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]] as Ramachandran's wife and Selvi's mother
* [[Ammu Abhirami]] as Selvi alias Paapa, Ramachandran's daughter
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Jimmy
* [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] as Samuthiram, Lingam and Pandi's father
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Sivachandran, Ravi's elder half-brother
* [[Sanjeev Venkat]] as Jayachandran, Ravi's elder half-brother
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as Jacob, Jebamalar's father
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Jebarani, Jebamalar's mother
* [[Imman Annachi]] as Mukkaiya, Ravi's uncle
* M Chandrakumar as Kadarkarai, Samuthiram's friend
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Annachchi
* [[Snehan]] as Selvi's college professor
* [[C. Ranganathan]] as a marriage broker
* Jeevitha as Sivachandran’s wife
* [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu]] as Jayachandran’s wife
* Subhashini Kannan as Lingam’s wife
* Janaki Devi as Jebakanya, Jebamalar’s sister
* [[Rajendran]] as Veriyan
* [[Pugazh (actor)|Pugazh]] as Parattai
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Chinnaiah
* Bharathi Kannan as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Sengottuvan
* [[Gangai Amaran]] as a priest (cameo appearance)
* [[Srividya]] as PRV's first wife (photo presence only)
}}

==Production==
=== Development ===
The film was tentatively titled ''AV33''. On September 9, 2021, the film's official title was unveiled as ''Yaanai'' by 33 prominent Indian celebrities such as [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Pa. Ranjith]], [[Vignesh Shivan]], [[Keerthy Suresh]] and many more others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |title=Official: Yaanai Is The Title Of Arun Vijay, Hari Film! |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/29069/arun-vijay-hari-film-yaanai-first-look |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113131005/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/29069/arun-vijay-hari-film-yaanai-first-look |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=Moviecrow}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |title=Official: Yaanai Is The Title Of Arun Vijay, unveiled by 33 Indian celebrites |url=https://jsnewstimes.com/entertainment/tamil/arun-vijay-av-33-first-look-33-movie-celebrities-joining-for-arun-vijay-arun-vijay-av33-first-look-will-be-released-today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052445/https://jsnewstimes.com/entertainment/tamil/arun-vijay-av-33-first-look-33-movie-celebrities-joining-for-arun-vijay-arun-vijay-av33-first-look-will-be-released-today |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Jsnewstime}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] was cast in as the female lead opposite [[Arun Vijay]], marking their second collaboration after ''[[Mafia: Chapter 1]]''. [[Ramachandra Raju]] was reported to play dual roles in the film while veteran actress [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and other actors and actresses like [[Yogi Babu]], [[Samuthirakani]], and [[Ammu Abhirami]] appear were cast in other pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arun Vijay's AV33 with director Hari titled Yaanai |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-av33-with-director-hari-titled-yaanai/articleshow/86068239.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127220253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-av33-with-director-hari-titled-yaanai/articleshow/86068239.cms |archive-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] of the film began on 3 March 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=Arun Vijay-Hari film launched |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/03/arun-vijay-hari-film-launched-23116.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113131005/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/03/arun-vijay-hari-film-launched-23116.html |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> and [[wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] on 7 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=Arun Vijay begins dubbing for Yaanai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijay-begins-dubbing-for-yaanai/articleshow/88151368.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yaanai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[G.V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded = 2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 28:09
| language = Tamil
| label = Drumsticks Productions
| producer = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| prev_title = [[Ayngaran (film)|Ayngaran]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Sardar (2022 film)|Sardar]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{Singles
| single1 = Yelamma Yela
| single1date = 13 January 2022
| single2 = Bodhaiya Vittu Vaale
| single2date = 11 February 2022
| single3 = Sandaaliye
| single3date = 17 June 2022
}}
}}

G. V. Prakash Kumar composed the soundtrack and background score of the film while collaborating with actor Arun Vijay for the first time and director Hari for the second time after [[Seval]]. The lyrics for the songs are written by [[Snehan]], Ekadasi, [[Arivu]] and [[Hari (director)|Hari]]. The first single "Yelamma Yela" was released on 13 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2022 |title=The first single from 'Yaanai' is to release on this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/the-first-single-from-yaanai-is-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/88804112.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> The second single " Bodhaiya Vittu Vaale" was released on 11 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=போதையை விட்டு வாலே... அரைக்கூவல் விடும் நடிகர் அருண் விஜய் |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/yaanai-movie-team-released-second-single-with-gv-prakash-music/articlecontent-pf255342-092461.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052447/https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/yaanai-movie-team-released-second-single-with-gv-prakash-music-092461.html |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=Filmibeat}}</ref> The third single is "Sandaaliye" was released on 17 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=An enthralling rural love track #Sandaaliye from #Yaanai 🐘 is coming your way tomorrow @7 PM |url=https://twitter.com/DrumsticksProd/status/1537419888809361408 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616130133/https://twitter.com/DrumsticksProd/status/1537419888809361408 |archive-date=2022-06-16 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> The full album was released by Drumsticks Productions on 30 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2022 |title=Arun Vijay, Hari, GV Prakash's grand Yaanai jukebox released. Film in 1500 screens! |url=https://www.cinemaspeak.in/2022/07/arin-vijay-hari-gv-prakashs-grand.html?m=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052446/https://www.cinemaspeak.in/2022/07/arin-vijay-hari-gv-prakashs-grand.html?m=1 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Cinema Speak}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 28:09
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Yelamma Yela
| length1 = 4:09
| extra1 = [[Arya Dhayal]]
| lyrics1 = [[Snehan]]
| title2 = Bodhaiya Vittu Vaale
| length2 = 4:14
| extra2 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Arivu]], Santhosh Hariharan
| lyrics2 = [[Arivu]]
| title3 = Sandaaliye
| length3 = 4:23
| extra3 = [[Velmurugan]], [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]]
| lyrics3 = Snehan
| title4 = Enna Othaiyila
| length4 = 4:31
| extra4 = [[Velmurugan]]
| lyrics4 = Ekadasi
| title5 = Ganapathy Saranam
| length5 = 2:14
| extra5 = [[Saindhavi]]
| lyrics5 = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| title6 = Deiva Magale
| length6 = 3:24
| extra6 = Saindhavi
| lyrics6 = Hari
| title7 = Edhanaala Varutham
| length7 = 3:24
| extra7 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics7 = Hari
| title8 = Yelamma Yela - Version 2
| length8 = 4:04
| extra8 = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| lyrics8 = Snehan
}}

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was released on 23 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2022 |title=Yaanai teaser: Arun Vijay turns a true-blue Hari hero in this action drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/yaanai-teaser-arun-vijay-turns-a-true-blue-hari-hero-in-this-action-drama/f3df98a938739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112171106/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/yaanai-teaser-arun-vijay-turns-a-true-blue-hari-hero-in-this-action-drama/f3df98a938739 |archive-date=12 January 2022 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=OTTplay}}</ref> The film was initially planned for release in theatres on 6 May 2022, but got postponed due to lack of adequate screens. It was later scheduled for 17 June 2022 but got postponed again due to Kamal Haasan's ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' for record-breaking success.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2022 |title=Arun Vijay's 'Yaanai' release postponed to July 1 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-yaanai-release-postponed-to-july-1/articleshow/92185024.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614072234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-yaanai-release-postponed-to-july-1/articleshow/92185024.cms |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2022 |title='With all due respect to Vikram': Arun Vijay's 'Yaanai' postponed |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/06/13/with-all-due-respect-to-vikram-arun-vijays-yaanai-release-postponed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615092109/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/06/13/with-all-due-respect-to-vikram-arun-vijays-yaanai-release-postponed |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The film was finally released in theatres on 1 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Yaanai' director Hari on the success of 'Vikram': The film has made Tamil directors proud at the Pan Indian stage |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yaanai-director-hari-on-the-success-of-vikram-the-film-has-made-tamil-directors-proud-at-the-pan-indian-stage/articleshow/92571996.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703153303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yaanai-director-hari-on-the-success-of-vikram-the-film-has-made-tamil-directors-proud-at-the-pan-indian-stage/articleshow/92571996.cms |archive-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Enugu Review: Perfect blend of action and drama |url=https://telanganatoday.com/enugu-review-perfect-blend-of-action-and-drama |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709050639/https://telanganatoday.com/enugu-review-perfect-blend-of-action-and-drama |archive-date=9 July 2022 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref>

===Distribution===
The film is distributed in [[Tamil Nadu]] by KKR Cinemas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=TN rights of Arun Vijay's 'Yaanai' bagged by KKR Cinemas |url=https://www.orissapost.com/tn-rights-of-arun-vijays-yaanai-bagged-by-kkr-cinemas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102214/https://www.orissapost.com/tn-rights-of-arun-vijays-yaanai-bagged-by-kkr-cinemas/ |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=Orissapost}}</ref>

===Home media===
The post-theatrical streaming rights of the film were bought by [[ZEE5]] and the satellite rights of the film were bought by [[Zee Tamil]] and [[Zee Thirai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2021 |title=Zee5 bags the digital and satellite rights of Arun Vijay's Yaanai; film to hit screens in February |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/zee5-bags-the-digital-and-satellite-rights-of-arun-vijays-yaanai-film-to-hit-screens-in-february/06e21599d9554 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113140115/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/zee5-bags-the-digital-and-satellite-rights-of-arun-vijays-yaanai-film-to-hit-screens-in-february/06e21599d9554 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=OTTplay}}</ref> The film is scheduled to digitally stream on ZEE5 from 19 August 2022 after completing its 50-day theatrical run.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
''Yaanai'' received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2022 |title='Yaanai' box office collection day 4: Arun Vijay starrer mints over Rs 12 crores in Tamil Nadu |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/yaanai-box-office-collection-day-4-arun-vijay-starrer-mints-over-rs-12-crores-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/92675007.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705120514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/yaanai-box-office-collection-day-4-arun-vijay-starrer-mints-over-rs-12-crores-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/92675007.cms |archive-date=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=":puthiya thalaimurai" /><ref name="Twitter" />

Navein Darshan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "When mainstream cinema brings such wholesomeness and depth, they do warrant some forgiveness from us for its flaws."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaanai Review: 'Yaanai' a gripping anti-casteism film with good-old masala |date=2 July 2022 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/jul/02/review-yaanai-agripping-anti-casteism-film-with-good-old-masala-2471918.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709083812/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/jul/02/review-yaanai-agripping-anti-casteism-film-with-good-old-masala-2471918.html |archive-date=9 July 2022 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "The hero protecting his family from the villain is a trope that Hari often resorts to and the director manages to present this with slight variations to make the story not become too predictable."<ref name=":21">{{Cite news |title=Yaanai Movie Review : Arun Vijay's Yaanai is formulaic, but watchable |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaanai/movie-review/92590158.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701071706/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaanai/movie-review/92590158.cms |archive-date=1 July 2022}}</ref> Karthik Keramalu of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Love alone doesn’t win at the end of the day in ''Yaanai''. Dysfunctional families that remain functional during a malfunction also win here."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Yaanai Movie Review: An action drama that does what it sets out to do |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/yaanai-movie-review-an-action-drama-that-does-what-it-sets-out-to-do-10861441.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702044042/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/yaanai-movie-review-an-action-drama-that-does-what-it-sets-out-to-do-10861441.html |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>

Bhavana Sharma of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "On the whole, Yaanai is a film that is definitely worth a watch this weekend. It is a typical Tamil film which gives importance to family values and tells people to be kind."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Yaanai Movie Review: Arun Vijay shines on screen; A perfect mass entertainer to watch this weekend |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/yaanai-movie-review-arun-vijay-shines-screen-perfect-mass-entertainer-watch-weekend-1154332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702142049/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/yaanai-movie-review-arun-vijay-shines-screen-perfect-mass-entertainer-watch-weekend-1154332 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Yaanai is the kind of film that you might enjoy if you're a fan of Hari. Arun Vijay's performance, GV Prakash's music and Hari's family drama elements make the film a watchable commercial entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Yaanai (aka) Yannai review |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yaanai/yaanai-review.html?ref=www.google.ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052448/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yaanai/yaanai-review.html?ref=www.google.ae |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> S.Subhakeerthana of ''[[OTT Play]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "Yaanai, headlined by Arun Vijay, is an uninventive old-school melodrama that delivers customary goods. An average time-pass film that sticks to a tried and tested formula."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaanai movie review: This Arun Vijay-Hari film has real good moments few and far between |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/yaanai-movie-review-this-arun-vijay-hari-film-has-real-good-moments-few-and-far-between/bcb90f945c854 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827133845/https://www.ottplay.com/review/yaanai-movie-review-this-arun-vijay-hari-film-has-real-good-moments-few-and-far-between/bcb90f945c854 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>

Praveen Sudevan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Thankfully, the camera doesn’t move like it is attached to a roller-coaster. But ‘Yaanai’ is tedious with outdated elements."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=July 2022 |title='Yaanai' movie review: Hari cuts screenplay pace, but this Arun Vijay-starrer is still a middling melodrama |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/yaanai-review-arun-vijay-hari/article65589016.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130444/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/yaanai-review-arun-vijay-hari/article65589016.ece |archive-date=1 July 2022}}</ref> Sruthi Ganapathy Raman of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote "Despite the tropes associated with a masala potboiler, the makers manage to produce a watchable mass film and that is because they know exactly what their movie stands for."<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Yaanai Movie Review: Arun Vijay Is In Full Form In Hari's Melodramatic Action Romp |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/yaanai-movie-review-arun-vijay-is-in-full-form-in-haris-melodramatic-action-romp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814181540/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/yaanai-movie-review-arun-vijay-is-in-full-form-in-haris-melodramatic-action-romp/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13654122}}

{{Hari (director)|Hari}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hari (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karaikudi]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thoothukudi]]
[[Category:2022 action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Rongjeng Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:30Z

Md Rifat: added a page

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rongjeng
| type = SLA
| map_image = Rongjeng Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 42
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Jim Sangma]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:35340}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Rongjeng''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of the [[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=2 | Pleander G. Momin || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Nihimson R. Sangma
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Pleander G. Momin || {{Full party name with color|Hill People's Union}}
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Swajit Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Sujit Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Predickson G. Momin || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Desang M.Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Sengnam Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Jim Sangma]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jim Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=8,836 |percentage=29.77% |change={{increase}}10.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Walseng M. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=8,708 |percentage=29.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengnam M. Marak |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=4,400 |percentage=14.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rapiush Ch. Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,302 |percentage=11.12% |change={{increase}}5.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jebing G Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,131 |percentage=10.55% |change={{decrease}}4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Andreash G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,306 |percentage=4.40% |change= ''New''}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=456 |percentage=1.54% |change={{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=128 |percentage=0.43% |change= {{decrease}}1.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,683 |percentage=83.99% |change= {{decrease}}2.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,340 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}10.74 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jim Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,846 |percentage=19.03% |change={{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Walseng M. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=4,296 |percentage=16.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rapiush Ch Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=4,087 |percentage=16.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengnam Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,789 |percentage=14.88% |change={{decrease}}18.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mettrinson G. Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=2,408 |percentage=9.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Janseng R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=2,083 |percentage=8.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikman G Momin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,474 |percentage=5.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=377 |percentage=1.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=550 |percentage=2.16% |change= {{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,467 |percentage=86.27% |change= {{increase}}0.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,519 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengnam Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,709 |percentage=32.97% |change={{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabina D Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=3,923 |percentage=19.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Desang M Sangma |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=3,904 |percentage=19.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mettrinson G Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,726 |percentage=8.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rapiush Ch Sangma |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,604 |percentage=7.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raju G Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,063 |percentage=5.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunolsing M Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=580 |percentage=2.85% |change={{decrease}}46.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,786 |percentage=13.69% |change= {{decrease}}7.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,350 |percentage=85.45% |change= {{decrease}}3.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,815 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.67 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}16.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Desang M.Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=7,891 |percentage=49.48% |change={{increase}}22.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengnam Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,580 |percentage=28.72% |change={{increase}}7.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Sangma |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=3,476 |percentage=21.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,311 |percentage=20.76% |change= {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,947 |percentage=88.84% |change= {{increase}}17.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,950 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Predickson G. Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=5,998 |percentage=44.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashutosh Marak |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,634 |percentage=27.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,834 |percentage=21.24% |change={{decrease}}25.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=599 |percentage=4.49% |change={{decrease}}20.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bindu Momin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=280 |percentage=2.10% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,364 |percentage=17.71% |change= {{decrease}}3.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,345 |percentage=71.10% |change= {{increase}}1.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,770 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,483 |percentage=46.63% |change={{increase}}13.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,944 |percentage=25.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashutosh Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=2,820 |percentage=23.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Frenciar Momin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=274 |percentage=2.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ebindra Sangma |party=Garo National Council |votes=237 |percentage=2.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,539 |percentage=21.59% |change= {{increase}}7.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,758 |percentage=72.10% |change= {{decrease}}5.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,944 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.08 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Swajit Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=5,006 |percentage=46.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,502 |percentage=32.70% |change={{increase}}21.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Franciar G. Momin |party=Hill People's Union |votes=2,201 |percentage=20.55% |change={{decrease}}4.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,504 |percentage=14.04% |change= {{increase}}10.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,709 |percentage=77.32% |change= {{increase}}5.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,349 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=Hill People's Union |votes=1,884 |percentage=24.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,611 |percentage=21.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prewelson Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,245 |percentage=16.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nihimson R. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=945 |percentage=12.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Cornel P. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=854 |percentage=11.17% |change={{decrease}}19.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=273 |percentage=3.57% |change= {{decrease}}2.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,644 |percentage=73.31% |change= {{increase}}6.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,990 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.40 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nihimson R. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,716 |percentage=30.47% |change={{decrease}}13.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,361 |percentage=24.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Livingstone G. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=986 |percentage=17.51% |change={{decrease}}22.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gothickson Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=714 |percentage=12.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hedyson Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=674 |percentage=11.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akashar M. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=181 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=355 |percentage=6.30% |change= {{increase}}3.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,632 |percentage=66.75% |change= {{increase}}11.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,906 |ref = |change= {{increase}}35.89 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,462 |percentage=43.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gothickson G. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,360 |percentage=40.45% |change={{increase}}14.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akashar Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=540 |percentage=16.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=102 |percentage=3.03% |change= {{decrease}}45.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,362 |percentage=54.47% |change= {{increase}}19.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,554 |ref = |change= {{increase}}42.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}30.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Rongjeng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pleander G. Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,085 |percentage=74.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gornel Marak |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=380 |percentage=25.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=705 |percentage=48.12% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,465 |percentage=33.24% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,615 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[East Garo Hills district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.65|90.8|display=title}}

[[Category:East Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Barwala Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:54Z

Md Rifat: put up first post v1

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Barwala Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = Barwala Assembly constituency map.svg
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 1967
|abolished =
| electors = 1,88,802
|mla = [[Ranbir Singh Gangwa]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no = 51
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Hisar district|Hisar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hisar Lok Sabha constituency|Hisar]]
| reservation = None
}}

{{coord|29.38|N|75.92|E|display=title}}
'''Barwala Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in northern India.<ref name=ceo1>{{Cite web |url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/?module=pages&pageid=75 |title=Haryana Assembly constituencies |access-date=11 May 2016 |archive-date=24 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024160419/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/?module=pages&pageid=75 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Subedar Prabhu Singh from Bhiwani was the first MLA from Barwala in the election held in the year 1967. He defeated Sh Amar Singh by 6000 votes.

It is part of [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=HsrLS>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/haryana/hisar.html Hisar Lok Sabha]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barwala Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/barwala.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Subedar Prabhu Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || Gordhan Dass
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Pir Chand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Jai Narain || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Inder Singh Nain || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Surender Dhanda || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Joginder Singh Sheoran || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Relu Ram Punia || {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || [[Jai Parkash]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Randhir Singh Saharan
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Ram Niwas Ghorela
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || Ved Narang || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Jogi Ram Sihag]] || {{Full party name with color|Jannayak Janta Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Ranbir Singh Gangwa]] || {{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ranbir Singh Gangwa]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=66,843 |percentage=47.72% |change={{increase}}14.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramniwas Ghorela |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,901 |percentage=28.48% |change={{increase}}21.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjana Satroad |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=29,055 |percentage=20.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prof. Chhattar Pal Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,543 |percentage=1.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=430 |percentage=0.31% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,942 |percentage=19.23% |change= {{increase}}16.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,087 |percentage=74.08% |change= {{increase}}1.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,88,802 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jannayak Janta Party |swing= {{increase}}11.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jogi Ram Sihag]] |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=45,868 |percentage=36.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Punia |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,960 |percentage=33.56% |change={{increase}}13.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Niwas Ghorela |party=Independent politician |votes=17,471 |percentage=13.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupender Gangwa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,830 |percentage=7.06% |change={{decrease}}10.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Dhansu |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,768 |percentage=3.01% |change={{increase}}0.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyavir Ladwa |party=Independent politician |votes=2,083 |percentage=1.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahavir Satrod |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=1,952 |percentage=1.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Kumar Sharma Satrodia |party=Swaraj India |votes=720 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghuvinder Khokha |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=694 |percentage=0.56% |change={{decrease}}27.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=669 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghuvir Singh Advocate |party=Independent politician |votes=632 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,908 |percentage=3.13% |change= {{decrease}}5.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,25,026 |percentage=72.36% |change= {{decrease}}7.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,792 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.05 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jannayak Janta Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}8.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
[[Ved Narang]] of [[Indian National Lok Dal]] won the [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] on 19 October 2014.<ref name=hr>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/hansi.html 2014 Haryana Results]</ref><ref name=ceo3>{{Cite web |url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/?module=pages&pageid=63 |title=CEO results |access-date=11 May 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616183617/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/?module=pages&pageid=63 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=794|title=MLA Details|work=haryanaassembly.gov.in|accessdate=31 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011052521/http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=794|archive-date=11 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=HarVBW>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haryanaassembly.gov.in/SearchMLAInformation.aspx |title=Haryana Assembly website, 13th House MLAs |access-date=11 May 2016 |archive-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018141835/http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/searchmlainformation.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ved Narang]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=34,941 |percentage=27.74% |change={{increase}}5.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Punia |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,680 |percentage=19.60% |change={{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramniwas Rara |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=24,436 |percentage=19.40% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Niwas Ghorela |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,433 |percentage=17.81% |change={{decrease}}13.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Rajender Sura |party=Independent politician |votes=10,118 |percentage=8.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudama Baudh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,547 |percentage=2.82% |change={{decrease}}2.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Comrade Rajkumar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,817 |percentage=1.44% |change={{decrease}}0.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=698 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,261 |percentage=8.15% |change= {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,25,941 |percentage=79.48% |change= {{increase}}4.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,459 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.25 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Niwas Ghorela |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,998 |percentage=31.77% |change={{increase}}0.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheela Bhayan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=20,602 |percentage=21.82% |change={{decrease}}6.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Tak |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=18,785 |percentage=19.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jogi Ram Sihag]] |party=Independent politician |votes=11,122 |percentage=11.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh Arya |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,768 |percentage=5.05% |change={{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitender Jog |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,854 |percentage=4.08% |change={{decrease}}0.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Comrade Suresh Kumar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,504 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Rashtriya Arya Raj Sabha |votes=753 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv |party=Independent politician |votes=586 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,396 |percentage=9.95% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,422 |percentage=74.63% |change= {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,513 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,084 |percentage=31.57% |change={{decrease}}10.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Umed Singh Lohan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=30,664 |percentage=28.40% |change={{decrease}}6.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=15,401 |percentage=14.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbir Sandhu |party=Independent politician |votes=8,931 |percentage=8.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=7,473 |percentage=6.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitender Jog |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,214 |percentage=4.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Mathur Advocate |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,757 |percentage=1.63% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardeep Citra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,412 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarwan Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=678 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Dheera |party=Independent politician |votes=568 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Singh |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=549 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,420 |percentage=3.17% |change= {{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,07,966 |percentage=78.71% |change= {{increase}}3.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,170 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}10.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Prakash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,486 |percentage=41.67% |change={{increase}}33.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parmila Barwala |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=31,618 |percentage=35.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=14,960 |percentage=16.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=2,570 |percentage=2.86% |change={{decrease}}19.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ved Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,843 |percentage=2.05% |change={{decrease}}7.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,279 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,868 |percentage=6.52% |change= {{decrease}}6.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,949 |percentage=76.03% |change= {{increase}}3.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,541 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}6.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Relu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=30,046 |percentage=34.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=19,257 |percentage=22.37% |change={{increase}}7.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surinder S/O Tikka Ram |party=Samata Party |votes=16,865 |percentage=19.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,880 |percentage=9.15% |change={{increase}}7.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Narayan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,271 |percentage=8.45% |change={{decrease}}33.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap S/O Jai Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=699 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan |party=Independent politician |votes=519 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,789 |percentage=12.53% |change= {{decrease}}2.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,079 |percentage=74.58% |change= {{increase}}11.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,347 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,099 |percentage=42.38% |change={{increase}}20.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Janata Dal |votes=19,474 |percentage=27.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh Nain |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=10,786 |percentage=15.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogender Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,401 |percentage=7.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharmapal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,619 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prakash Rani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,409 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,625 |percentage=14.96% |change= {{decrease}}25.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,016 |percentage=62.22% |change= {{decrease}}12.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,17,959 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}19.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Lokdal |votes=44,823 |percentage=62.28% |change={{increase}}44.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh Nain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,986 |percentage=22.21% |change={{decrease}}12.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish |party=Independent politician |votes=7,762 |percentage=10.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maman Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,813 |percentage=2.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Babu |party=Independent politician |votes=432 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=0.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,837 |percentage=40.07% |change= {{increase}}30.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,969 |percentage=73.27% |change= {{increase}}0.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,393 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}27.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh Nain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,766 |percentage=34.46% |change={{increase}}27.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=14,141 |percentage=24.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Narain Verma |party=Lokdal |votes=10,272 |percentage=17.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Independent politician |votes=9,016 |percentage=15.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,003 |percentage=3.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim |party=Independent politician |votes=636 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=423 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandgi |party=Independent politician |votes=367 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chet Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=314 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,625 |percentage=9.81% |change= {{decrease}}6.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,358 |percentage=73.11% |change= {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,022 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Narain |party=Janata Party |votes=16,857 |percentage=36.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thandi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=9,158 |percentage=19.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,733 |percentage=12.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prabhu Dayal |party=Independent politician |votes=4,472 |percentage=9.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,329 |percentage=7.25% |change={{decrease}}36.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jamna Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,522 |percentage=3.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhoop Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,515 |percentage=3.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,419 |percentage=3.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Data Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=942 |percentage=2.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sadanand |party=Independent politician |votes=479 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuljit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=372 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,699 |percentage=16.77% |change= {{increase}}13.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,917 |percentage=68.77% |change= {{decrease}}0.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,759 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing= {{decrease}}10.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pir Chand |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=20,659 |percentage=46.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neki Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,219 |percentage=43.47% |change={{decrease}}2.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhabil Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=3,174 |percentage=7.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Savitri |party=Republican Party of India |votes=909 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaje Singh |party=Samyukta Socialist Party |votes=255 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,440 |percentage=3.26% |change= {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,216 |percentage=70.74% |change= {{increase}}29.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,335 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gordhan Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,919 |percentage=45.89% |change={{decrease}}7.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pir Chand |party=Bharatiya Kranti Dal |votes=9,548 |percentage=44.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhabil Dass |party=Swatantra Party |votes=2,146 |percentage=9.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=371 |percentage=1.72% |change= {{decrease}}15.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,613 |percentage=39.99% |change= {{decrease}}29.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,212 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Barwala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate= Subedar Prabhu Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,936 |percentage=53.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Singh |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=13,423 |percentage=36.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=2,690 |percentage=7.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=723 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=321 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,513 |percentage=17.56% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,093 |percentage=71.43% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,215 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Elections in Haryana]]
* [[Elections in India]]
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Election Commission of India]]
{{col div end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://ceoharyana.nic.in/ Chief Election Officer, Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813091833/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/ |date=13 August 2011 }}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Hisar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Bar Council of Karnataka

2026-04-14T20:24:31Z

Md Rifat: put up first data basic info

{{Short description|Legal organisation}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Bar Council of Karnataka
| type = Statutory body
| nativename_r = ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಬಾರ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್
| formed = {{start date and age|2018|06|30|df=y|p=y}}
| headquarters = Old Election Commission Building, Bengaluru
| chief1_name = Srinivasas Babu L.<ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1">{{cite web |title=Karnataka State Bar Council |url=http://ksbc.org.in/present_chairman_members.php |website=ksbc.org.in |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
| chief1_position = Chairman
| chief2_name = Kiwad Kalmeshwar Tukaram
| chief2_position = Vice Chairman
| website = http://ksbc.org.in/index.php
}}

'''Bar Council of Karnataka''' is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for [[lawyers]] practicing law in the state of [[Karnataka]]. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per [[Advocates Act, 1961]] and [[Bar Council of India]]. In March 1953, the 'All India Bar Committee', headed by S. R. Das, submitted a report which proposed the creation of a bar council for each state and an all-India bar council as an apex body. Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers in Karnataka and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of [[professional conduct]] to be followed by members, and designs [[etiquette]]s and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

== History ==

Bar Council of Karnataka was formed as per the requirement of Section 3 of Advocates Act, 1961<ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1" /> which mandates each state of India to have a Bar Council. On 30 June 2018,<ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1" /> the Karnataka Bar Council was formed. As per the guidelines the legal profession in India and the standards of legal education would be regulated by All India Bar Council. The [[Law Commission of India]] was assigned the job of assembling a report on judicial administration reforms.

In July 2021, the state Bar Council along with Bar Councils of other Southern states of India had requested the Vice-President [[M. Venkaiah Naidu|Mr Venkaiah Naidu]] and Supreme Court Chief Justice [[N. V. Ramana|Hon. N. V. Ramana]] for the setting up of separate bench for Southern India.<ref name="Karnat Bar Ref4">{{cite news |title=Plea to set up SC bench in south |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/plea-to-set-up-sc-bench-in-south/article35550291.ece |access-date=3 September 2021 |publisher=The Hindu |date=26 July 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Karnat Bar Ref5">{{cite news |last1=Mutha |first1=Sagar Kumar |title=Bar councils of five states call for an SC bench in south India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bar-councils-of-five-states-call-for-an-sc-bench-in-south-india/articleshow/80440609.cms |access-date=3 September 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=25 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Functions ==

Section 7 of the Advocates Act, 1961 lays down the Bar Council's regulatory and representative mandatory. Bar Councils of each place has following functions:<ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1" />

#Facilitating the election with rules for members to get elected and manage the Bar Council.<ref name="Karnat Bar12">{{cite news |title=Nearly 50% of Karnataka lawyers struck off voter rolls, as 4-year-late bar council elections now on schedule, hopefully |url=https://www.legallyindia.com/the-bar-and-bench/run-up-to-super-late-sbc-elections-4-year-late-karnataka-sbc-now-on-schedule-hopefully-00011130-9015 |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=legallyindia.com |date=18 January 2018 |language=en-gb}}</ref>
#Designing the professional behaviours and code to be followed by [[advocate]]s who are its members.<ref name="Telangana Bar Ref11">{{cite news |title=Appointment Of HC Judges Is Made After Considering Seniority, Merit: SC |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/appointment-of-hc-judges-is-made-after-considering-seniority-merit-sc-7431531.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
#Lay down guidelines for disciplinary committees and other committees formed by it.
#Supporting with financial aid in case of need.<ref name="Kart bar ref6">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Bar Council gives Rs 1 crore aid to Covid-infected advocates |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/29/karnataka-bar-council-gives-rs-1-crore-aid-to-covid-infected-advocates-2309183.html |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=29 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="Kart bar ref2">{{cite news |last1=Biju |first1=Rintu Mariam |title=Karnataka State Bar Council sanctions Rs 10,000 to COVID positive lawyers who are in home quarantine, Rs. 25,000 for those hospitalized |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/karnataka-state-bar-council-rs-25000-to-advocates-covid-19-positive-hospitalized |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench |date=10 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kart bar ref3" />
#Protecting the advocate members rights, benefits and safeguarding their interests.<ref name="Kart bar ref9">{{cite news |title=Bar Council seeks resumption of physical hearing in high court |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/bar-council-seeks-resumption-of-physical-hearing-in-high-court-884050.html |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=7 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Bar Ref10">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Poonam |title=Delhi Bar Council writes to MHA seeking immediate action against police raid at lawyer Mehmood Pracha's office |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-bar-council-letter-home-ministry-advocate-mehmood-pracha-raid-office-delhi-police-1753611-2020-12-27 |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=India Today |date=27 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
#Designing, promoting and supporting [[law reform]] as per changing circumstances.
#Handle and resolve other issues or any matter placed before it by its members in adhoc situations.<ref name="Kart bar ref6" /><ref name="Karnat Bar7">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Bar Council seeks funds from government to compensate advocates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-bar-council-seeks-funds-from-government-to-compensate-advocates/article34678072.ece |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=The Hindu |date=29 May 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Kart bar ref11">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Bar Council to boycott Lokayukta's programmes |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150630/nation-current-affairs/article/karnataka-bar-council-boycott-lokayukta%E2%80%99s-programmes |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=30 June 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
#Designing and promoting legal education in country and states.
#Design and organise [[seminar]]s on wide legal topics in the interest of members by reputed [[jurist]]s and publishing them in journals and magazines of legal circles and other sources of media.
#Facilitating [[legal aid]] to those who can't afford it.
#Ensuring that guidelines laid in various legal forums are followed by members.
#Initiating disciplinary action in case of professional misconduct<ref name="Kart bar ref13">{{cite news |title=K'taka Bar Council suspends sleaze CD victim's lawyer; here's why |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ktaka-bar-council-suspends-sleaze-cd-victims-lawyer-heres-why-834894 |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=IBT News |date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kart bar ref10">{{cite news |title=Lawyer representing woman in Karnataka sex-for-job case suspended by Bar Council |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lawyer-representing-woman-karnataka-sex-job-case-suspended-bar-council-146524 |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=The News Minute |date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnat Bar8">{{cite news |title=Sleaze CD: Karnataka Bar Council suspends victim's lawyer |url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/sleaze-cd-karnataka-bar-council-suspends-victims-lawyer |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=Udayavani |date=4 April 2021 |language=kn}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Bar Ref6">{{cite news |title=Delhi Bar Council suspends lawyer's license for submitting fake COVID report |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-bar-council-suspends-lawyer-s-license-for-submitting-fake-covid-report-11625849123960.html |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=mint |date=9 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
#Designing welfare schemes like Insurance for its members<ref name="Delhi Bar Ref3">{{cite news |title=HC seeks bar council's response on plea by govt on lawyer benefits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/hc-seeks-bar-councils-response-on-plea-by-govt-on-lawyer-benefits/articleshow/85469037.cms |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=20 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
#Supporting members with emergency services during natural calamities.<ref name="Kart bar ref3">{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Aneesha |title=Bar Council of Delhi gives over Rs 3.59 crore as financial aid to Covid-affected lawyers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/delhi-bar-council-gives-over-rs-3-59-crore-as-financial-aid-to-covid-affected-lawyers-1804941-2021-05-20 |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=India Today |date=20 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
#Initiate disciplinary action in case the official premises is used for other than professional purpose.<ref name="Delhi Bar Ref7">{{cite news |title=Delhi Bar Council suspends license of lawyer who performed 'Nikah' at his chamber |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/delhi-bar-council-suspends-license-of-lawyer-who-performed-nikah-at-his-chamber20210705163941/ |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=ANI News |date=5 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
#Fixing Annual Fee for members for enrolling in Council which includes fees for enrollment and funds towards identity card, building, library, indigent and other welfare schemes.<ref name="Delhi Bar Ref9">{{cite news |title=Bar Council of Delhi hikes enrolment fee, new joinees to pay Rs 14,300 |url=https://www.indialegallive.com/top-news-of-the-day/news/bar-council-of-delhi-bcd-enrolment-fee-hike/ |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=India Legal |date=9 January 2021}}</ref>
#Organising regular meeting with local associations enrolled with council.<ref name="Delhi Bar Ref12">{{cite news |title=Delhi: Bar council to hold meeting on reverting to physical mode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-bar-council-to-hold-meeting-on-reverting-to-physical-mode/articleshow/80625873.cms |access-date=15 September 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=1 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Constitution ==

The council elects its own Chairman and Vice-Chairman<ref name="Karnat Bar12" /> for a period of two years from amongst its members.<ref name="Telag Bar Ref4">{{cite news |last1=Suryam |first1=Areeb Uddin Ahmed, Shagun |title=Men's clubs that decide for everybody? Only 2.04% of State Bar Council representatives across India are women |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/only-204-of-state-bar-council-representatives-across-india-are-women |access-date=6 September 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=21 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Assisted by the various committees of the Council, the chairman acts as the chief executive and director of the Council. Voting rights in elections are available only for advocates having a Certificate of Practice. Till the year 2018, there were around 1,10,000 enrolled advocates as members of the Karnataka State Bar Council.<ref name="Kart bar ref6" /><ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1" /> As per the Advocates Act, the bar council of the state should have 25 members in case the members on roll exceeds 10000 and accordingly Karnataka State Bar Council has 27 members.<ref name="Karnata Bar Ref1" />

==Enrollment of advocates==

Graduates having a law degree from recognised universities permitted to impart legal education are admitted as advocates in Karnatka Bar Council.<ref name="Telag Bar Ref5">{{cite news |title=Any procedure in place for online enrollment of law grads, Delhi HC asks Bar Council of Delhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/any-procedure-in-place-for-online-enrollment-of-law-grads-hc-asks-bcd/story-7g6f5reL3joGTgT9fhTU0J.html |access-date=3 September 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=4 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Law graduates can enroll online for Karnataka Bar Council. State bar councils are empowered by Advocates Act, 1961 to frame rules according to their convenience for enrolling advocates in council. The enrollment committee formed by Councils will scrutinise a prospective member's application. Enrolled advocates of any bar council in state are considered as eligible to write the All India Bar Examination conducted by the Bar Council of India. After clearing the exam, he is certified by the Bar Council of India and issued the 'Certificate of Enrolment', which facilitates him to practice the profession of law in any High Court based in India and lower courts of the country, as an advocate. Advocates are required to qualify in the exam known as "Supreme Court Advocate on Record Examination" which is conducted by the Supreme Court exclusively to practice in the Supreme Court of Country.

== Notable actions ==
In 2021, Karnataka State Bar Council supported its 733 members who suffered from Covid with financial assistance to the extent of 1.06 crores. The council gave Rs 25000 to advocate members who were hospitalised in addition to Rs 10,000 for those who underwent home quarantine.<ref name="Kart bar ref6" />

In 2021, Karnataka State Bar Council also requested Rs 25 crores financial grant to its members due to courts lockdown and their limited function due to Covid and made the representation to Karnataka Chief Minister.<ref name="Kart bar ref6" />

Karnataka Bar Council in 2021 suspended a lawyer representing a victim who was a party in a case involving sleaze CD.<ref name="Karnat Bar8" />

==See also==
* [[Bar Council of India]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://ksbc.org.in/ official website]


[[Category:Organisations based in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legal organisations based in India]]

Rairakhol Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:43Z

Md Rifat: added new details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Rairakhol}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rairakhol
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 18
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Prasanna Acharya.jpeg
| mla = [[Prasanna Acharya]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,02,639{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Rairakhol''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Sambalpur district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109190328/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=18 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 January 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Rairakhol (18) District : Sambalpur |accessdate= 9 January 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Rairakhol]], Rairakhol block, Jujomura block, Naktideul block and 7[[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Deogaon, Dakara, Dhama, Huma, Bargaon, Sahaspur and Baduapali) of Maneswar block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp133.htm|title= 133 - Rairakhol (SC) Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 15 June 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|38.23}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|37.94}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|39.96}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|35.07}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|38.55}}
{{bar percent|2001 (bypoll)|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|50.48}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|31.00}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.86}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|60.80}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.72}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|62.82}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|54.99}}
}}

Since its formation in 1961, 16 elections were held till date including one bypoll in 2001.

List of members elected from Rairakhol constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp128.htm |title= 128 - Sambalpur Assembly Constituency |work=eci.nic.in |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rairakhol Assembly Election Results 2024: Rairakhol Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/rairakhol-constituency-result-18018 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Prasanna Acharya]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=7|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Rohit Pujari]]
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|[[Prasanna Acharya]]
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanatan Bisi]]
|-
|2001 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Durjodhan Sohela}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Rairakhol 2001 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/309 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Durjodhan Sohela
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Abhimanyu Kumar (Kumbhar)
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Basanta Kumar Mahananda
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Abhimanyu Kumar (Kumbhar)
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |Basanta Kumar Mahananda
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|{{full party name with color|Utkal Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Abhimanyu Kumar (Kumbhar)
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Bhikhari Suna
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb
|}
== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25th May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prasanna Acharya]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Debendra Mohapatra by a margin of 10,993 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Rairakhol}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prasanna Acharya]]
|votes = 61,716
|percentage = 38.23
|change = {{increase}}0.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Debendra Mohapatra
|votes = 56,756
|percentage = 35.16
|change = {{increase}}7.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Assaf Ali Khan
|votes = 37,579
|percentage = 23.28
|change = {{decrease}}4.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,826
|percentage = 1.13
|change = {{increase}}0.17
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,960
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,61,424
|percentage = 79.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rohit Pujari]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Assaf Ali Khan by a margin of 14,632 votes.<ref name="election2019" />

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rairakhol<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=20 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Rohit Pujari]]|votes=57,111|percentage=37.94|change={{decrease}}2.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Assaf Ali Khan|votes=42,479|percentage=28.22|change={{decrease}}2.90}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Debendra Mohapatra|votes=42,027|percentage=27.92|change={{increase}}6.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1725|percentage=1.15|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,632|percentage=9.72|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=150524|percentage=70.59|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rohit Pujari]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Assaf Ali Khan by a margin of 11,909 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=15 June 2014|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rairakholl<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Rairakhol |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1818.htm?ac=18 |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Rairakhol (18) |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=18 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140615152623/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=18 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=15 June 2014 |publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org |accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rohit Pujari]]
|votes = 53,849
|percentage = 39.96
|change = {{increase}}4.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Assaf Ali Khan
|votes = 41,940
|percentage = 31.12
|change = {{increase}}5.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pratap Kumar Pradhan
|votes = 29,544
|percentage = 21.92
|change = {{increase}}4.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,298
|percentage = 0.96
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,909
|percentage = 8.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,34,764
|percentage = 77.22
|change = 13.47
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,74,526
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prasanna Acharya]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Assaf Ali Khan by a margin of 9,764 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=9764 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rairakhol<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prasanna Acharya]]
|votes = 37,718
|percentage = ''35.07''
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Assaf Ali Khan
|votes = 27,954
|percentage = 25.99
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sarat Chandra Sahu
|votes = 19,217
|percentage = 17.87
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,764
|percentage = ''9.08''{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,07,573
|percentage = 63.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sambalpur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|21.07|84.34|display=title}}

[[Category:Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Kanyadanam (Telugu TV series)

2026-04-05T22:48:06Z

Md Rifat: New New Data

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}

{{Infobox television
| image = Kanyadanamtelugu.jpg
| caption =
| genre = Drama family
| creator =
| based_on = [[Metti Oli]]
| developer =
| writer = '''''Dialogues''''' Suresh Kakumani Seeram Mohan kishore
| screenplay = Sagar Narayana M Dussa Kiran Sadhu Seeram Mohan kishore
| director = Bhavan Kammili
| creative_director = Kanyadhara Krupa Chowdary
| starring = Jessica Samyuktha Lahari Raghavendar Sindhu Suresh Bhargav
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer = Meenakshi Bhujangh
| open_theme = ''"Neeve Neeve"'' '''''vocals''''' Mohana Bhogaraju
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 418
| executive_producer = Kadiyala Srinivas
| producer = Vinod Bala M Palle Premsagar Kanyadhara Krupa Chowdary
| cinematography = M Paramdham
| editor = Rachuri Sivaprasad
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-22 minutes
| company = Marneni Entertainments
| network = [[Gemini TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|09|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|01|21|df=y}}
| related = {{Plainlist|
* Mamathala Kovela
* Vontari Gulabi
}}
}}
'''''Kanyadanam''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language]] [[soap opera]] aired on [[Gemini TV]] premiered on 20 September 2021 and ended on 21 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SunNetwork - Program Detail |url=https://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=oK0z6YCTzNQ=&ShowType=What%27s%20New |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.sunnetwork.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Tv Serial Kanyadanam Telugu - Full Cast and Crew |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Telugu/tv-serials/kanyadanam-telugu/all-cast-and-crew |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanyadanam (Gemini TV) Serial Cast, Roles & Real Name |url=https://www.cmriindia.org/kanyadanam-tv-serial-cast-roles-story-real-name/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> The show stars Jessica, Samyuktha, Lahari Raghavendar, Sindhu, Vaishnavi, Suresh, Bhargav in leading roles. The show is an official remake of Bengali TV series ''[[Kanyadaan (Bengali TV series)|Kanyadaan]]'' which itself was inspired from 2002 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Metti Oli]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/bengali-tv-show-kanyadaan-to-end-soon/articleshow/97298489.cms|title=Bengali TV Show 'Kanyadaan' To End Soon|work=The Times of India|date=25 January 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

==Plot==

{{No plot|date=April 2023}}

==Cast==
*Aditya as Moorthy (Adilakshmi, Bhagyalakshmi, Dhana Lakshmi, Sri Lakshmi and Vidyalakshmi's father)
*Samyuktha as Adi Lakshmi, Moorthy's elder daughter and Venkat's wife
*Spoorthi Gowda (1-154) /Swathi (155-360) / Jessica (360 - 418) as Bhagyalakshmi, Vishnu's wife
*Lahari Raghavendar as Dhana Lakshmi, Ravi's wife
*Sahithi/Sindhu as Sri Lakshmi, Vivek's wife
*Vaishnavi as Vidya Lakshmi, Youngest daughter of Moorthy
*Suresh as Venkat, Adi Lakshmi's husband
*Bhargav as Vishnu, Bhagyalakshmi's husband
*Sree Harsha as Vivek, Sri Lakshmi's husband
*Abhi Yannam/Nagireddy as Ravi, Dhana Lakshmi's husband
*Venkat Kiran as Hari, Vishnu's younger brother
*Yamini/Sai Krupa/Pratyusha as Suma, Vishnu's sister
*Bangalore Padma as Vishnu's mother
*Krishna Priya as Kanthamma (Vishnu, Hari and Suma's grandmother)
*Prem Sagar as Gangadhar
*Leena Kushi
*Rishika /Madhavi as prathima
*Shilpa as Arundhati
*Naveen as Kalyan

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Version 1
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;"| Notes
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Metti Oli]]'' மெட்டி ஒலி
|8 April 2002
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|18 June 2005
|Original
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Mangalya'' ಮಾಂಗಲ್ಯ
|12 April 2004
|[[Udaya TV]]
|2 November 2012
|rowspan="4"|Remake
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Minnukettu]]'' മിന്നുകെട്ട്
|16 August 2004
|[[Surya TV]]
|2 January 2009
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Shubh Vivah (2012 TV series)|Shubh Vivah]]'' शुभ विवाह
|27 February 2012
|[[Sony Entertainment Television|SET]]
|29 June 2012
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''Akshintalu'' అక్షింతలు
|14 April 2014
|[[Gemini TV]]
|15 August 2014
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Version 2
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;"| Notes
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Kanyadaan (2020 TV series)|Kanyadaan]]'' কন্যাদান
|7 December 2020
|[[Sun Bangla]]
|5 February 2023
|Original
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Kanyadanam (Malayalam TV series)|Kanyadanam]]'' കന്യാദാനം
|23 August 2021
|[[Surya TV]]
|Ongoing
|rowspan="4"|Remake
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''Kanyadanam'' కన్యాదానం
|20 September 2021
|[[Gemini TV]]
|21 January 2023
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''[[Kanyadan]]'' कन्यादान
|17 October 2021
|[[Sun Marathi]]
|4 May 2024
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''[[Kanyaadaana]]'' ಕನ್ಯಾದಾನ
|15 November 2021
|[[Udaya TV]]
|18 May 2024
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sun Gemini original programming]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

Selesih

2026-03-29T12:57:56Z

Md Rifat: put up new post

{{Short description|Former settlement of the Mizo tribes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Selesih
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Former village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Mizoram
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.1570221|N|93.2099831|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Mizoram]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Champhai district|Champhai]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Block (district subdivision)|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Khawbung]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = {{circa|1740}}
| founder = Chungnunga Lianlula
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Selesih''' (also known as Seleishih) was a village founded around {{circa|1740}} by two brothers, Chief Chungnunga and Chief Lianlula. It eventually dispersed and consolidated Sailo rule in [[Mizo Chieftainship|precolonial Mizoram]].{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=116|loc=Volume 1}}{{sfn|Chatterjee|1979}} In modern day, Mizoram, the site was established between [[Khawbung]] and [[Zawlsei]] ([[Champhai district]]), which is now under a football field.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005}}

==Etymology==
Selesih refers to "Sele" ([[gayal|wild mithun]]) and "Sih" (natural water spot).{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=116|loc=Volume 1}}{{sfn|Chatterjee|1979}}

==History==
Chungnunga and Lianlula were the two sons of Chief Sailova who crossed the Tiau river in the early 18th century after his death.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1975|p=25}} Under the village of Lianlula's son, Pu Kawla, the two chiefs established a joint settlement. Selesih was the largest Mizo settlement of the time in 1740 and functioned as a confederation of chiefs and tribes. This includes the five major tribes and the 12 minor tribes.{{}} The sons of Chungnunga (Lalhluma, Rohnaa and Lalchera) cooperated with Lianlula's sons (Pu Kawla, Darliankuala and Darpuiliana) to rule the settlement. Chungnunga and Lianlula would die in Selesih.{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=56}} It is believed that Selesih is the second village of the same name after the [[Haka-Lusei War]] destroyed the first Selesih east of the Tiau river.{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=117|loc=Volume 1}}

Selesih consisted of 20 [[zawlbuk]]s and seven villages under the joint chiefs. Mizo heroes such as Lianchia, Aihniara, Buizova Chula and Saichawmkhupa also resided in Selesih. It is estimated that Selesih boasted up to 7000 houses.{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=116|loc=Volume 1}}

===Decline===
It's been speculated that the scarcity of water and firewood led to the seven villages dispersing, thus dissolving Selesih in favour of a western migration. The Mizos who remained in the region were subject to taxation and tribute to the [[Lai people|Pawi tribes]], which was ended with the Thlanrawn Rawt under Chief [[Lallula]].{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=116|loc=Volume 1}}{{sfn|Lalbiakthanga|1978|p=7}} The nature of [[jhum|jhumming]] also required regular migration to feed the population.{{sfn|Laldinpuii|Laithangpuii|2013}}

The Thlanrawn massacre by Chief [[Lallula]] was estimated to have occurred {{circa|1753-1754}}. Fearing reprisal of the Pawi, Lallula and his followers left Selesih to establish his chiefdom of Zopui.{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=118|loc=Volume 1}}

==Legacy==
The influence of Selesih saw the standardisation of the Duhlian dialect becoming a dominant language within the settlement. After Selesih, Lallula and other chiefs would expand across in Mizoram and establish the Lusei dialect as the [[lingua franca]] of the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Changte|1986|p=260}}

==Chiefs==
{{Mizo chief family tree}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=N. |title=Monoliths and Landmarks of Mizoram |date=1979 |publisher=Tribal Research Institute |location=Aizawl}}

*{{cite thesis |last=Changte |first=Lalnunthangi |date=1986 |title=A preliminary Grammar of the Mizo Language |url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Sino-Tibetan/Mizo%20language%2C%20A%20preliminary%20grammar%20of%20the%20%28Chhangte%29.pdf |work=University of Texas |degree=Master of Arts in Linguistics |location=Texas |publisher= |access-date=21 April 2025}}

*{{cite book |last1=Lalbiakthanga |title=The Mizos: A Study in Racial Personality |date=1978 |publisher=United Publishers |location=Guahati}}

*{{cite book |editor-last=Krishna|editor-first=Sumi|last1=Laldinpuii |first1=Audrey|last2=Laithangpuii |date=2013 |title=Agriculture and a Changing Environment in Northeastern India |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/34913114/Sumi_Krishna_FINAL.pdf#page=230 |location=London |publisher=Routeledge India|isbn=9780367818388|chapter=Mizoram's Rice Economy and Gender Relations|page=218|doi=10.4324/9781315667034}}

*{{cite book |last=Lalthangliana |first=B |date=2005 |title=Culture and folklore of Mizoram |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2658-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Of88DwAAQBAJ&q=chief&pg=PT13}}

*{{cite book |last1=Lalthangliana |first1=B. |title=History of Mizo In Burma |date=1975 |publisher=Arts and Science University Mandalay |location=Mandalay |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14107/page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=9 February 2025}}

*{{cite book |last=Liangkhaia|date=1938 |title=Mizo Chanchin (Mizo History) |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP454-13-11#4 |location=Aizawl|page=56|language=Mizo}}

*{{cite book |last1=Verghese |first1=C.G.|last2=Thanzawna|first2=R.L.|title=A History of the Mizos |date=1997 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=New Delhi}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:History of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Former villages]]

Martial race

2026-03-27T09:58:54Z

Md Rifat: improve page also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|British Indian colonial military recruitment theory}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}

[[File:Officers 1st Brahmins, 1922.jpg|thumb|British and Indian officers of the [[1st Brahmans]], 1912.]]
'''Martial race''' was a designation which was created by army officials in [[British India]] after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], in which they classified each [[caste]] as belonging to one of two categories, the 'martial' castes and the 'non-martial' castes. The ostensible reason for this system of classification was the belief that a 'martial race' was typically brave and well-built for fighting,<ref name=rand>{{Cite journal|last=Rand|first=Gavin|title=Martial Races and Imperial Subjects: Violence and Governance in Colonial India 1857–1914|journal= European Review of History|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–20|publisher=Routledge|date=March 2006 |doi=10.1080/13507480600586726 |s2cid=144987021}}</ref> while the 'non-martial races' were those races which the British considered unfit for battle because of their [[sedentary lifestyle]]s. The British had a policy of recruiting the martial Indians from those who has less access to education as they were easier to control.<ref name="Khalidi2003">{{cite book|author=Omar Khalidi|title=Khaki and the Ethnic Violence in India: Army, Police, and Paramilitary Forces During Communal Riots|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-NtAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Three Essays Collective|quote= Apart from their physique, the martial races were regarded as politically subservient or docile to authority|page=5|isbn=9788188789092}}</ref>

According to modern historian Jeffrey Greenhut on military history, "The Martial Race theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward". According to Amiya Samanta, the martial race was chosen from people of 'mercenary spirit' (a soldier who fights for any group or country that will pay him), as these groups lacked nationalism as a trait.<ref>Greenhut, Jeffrey (1983) The Imperial Reserve: the Indian Corps on the Western Front, 1914–15. In: ''The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'', October 1983.</ref><ref name="Samanta2000">{{cite book|author=Amiya K. Samanta|title=Gorkhaland Movement: A Study in Ethnic Separatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4GqdfG0EU8C&pg=PA26|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-166-3|pages=26–|quote=Dr . Jeffrey Greenhut observed that “ The Martial Race Theory had an elegant symmetry . Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward. Besides their mercenary spirit was primarily due to their lack of nationalism.}}</ref> British-trained Indian soldiers were among those who had rebelled in 1857 and thereafter, the [[Bengal Army]] abandoned or diminished its recruitment of soldiers who came from the traditional recruiting areas and enacted a new recruitment policy which favored castes whose members had remained loyal to the British Empire.<ref name="Street">{{cite book |title=Martial Races: The military, race and masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 |last=Streets |first=Heather |year=2004 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-6962-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BscnZT_1po8C |access-date=20 October 2010}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=March 2019}}

The concept already had a precedent in Indian culture as one of the four orders ([[Varna (Hinduism)|varnas]]) in the [[Vedic]] social system of Hinduism is known as the [[Kshatriya]], literally "warriors".<ref name="gbook1">{{cite book | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_SrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 | title=The Indian Postcolonial: A Critical Reader | publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |editor1-first=Elleke |editor1-last=Boehmer |editor2-first=Rosinka |editor2-last=Chaudhuri |first=Santanu |last=Das |chapter=India, empire and First World War writing |page=301 |isbn=978-1-13681-957-5}}</ref> [[Brahmins]] were described as 'the oldest martial community',<ref name="Singh2014">{{cite book|author=Gajendra Singh|title=The Testimonies of Indian Soldiers and the Two World Wars: Between Self and Sepoy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3cVMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|date=16 January 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-78093-820-2|pages=29–}}</ref> in the past having two of the oldest British Indian regiments, the [[1st Brahmans]] and [[3rd Brahmans]].
Following Indian independence, the Indian government in February 1949 abolished the official application of "martial race" principles with regard to military recruitment, although it continued to be applied formally and informally in certain circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|title=No More Class Composition in Indian Army|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1949-02-01_035.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=1 February 1949|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref> In Pakistan, such principles, although no longer rigidly enforced, have continued to hold considerable sway and have had major consequences for the nation's political life—the most extreme case being the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], following decades of continued [[Bengali people|Bengali]] exclusion from the armed forces.<ref name="Lakshmi_2016">{{cite news |last1=Lakshmi |first1=V. Vidya |title=Pakistan Army: Martial Race or National Army? |url=https://mantraya.org/pakistan-army-martial-race-or-national-army/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610184639/http://mantraya.org/pakistan-army-martial-race-or-national-army |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=25 August 2021 |work=Mantraya |date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

==Criteria==
In their attempts to assert control after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], the British faced fierce resistance in some regions while easily subduing others. British officials sought 'martial races' accustomed to hunting, or from agricultural cultures from hilly or mountainous regions with a history of conflict. Others were excluded due to their 'ease of living' or branded as [[Sedition|seditious]] agitators.<ref name="Khalidi2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html|title=Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army: The Contrasting Cases of Sikhs, Muslims, Gurkhas and Others|author=Dr. Omar Khalidi|website=www.defenceindia.com|access-date=26 June 2023|archive-date=20 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020114933/http://defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The doctrine of 'martial races' postulated that the qualities that make a useful soldier are inherited in certain races by birth, and that the rest of the Indian races did not have the requisite [[phenome|traits]] that would make them warriors.<ref>Greenhut, Jeffrey "Sahib and Sepoy: an Inquiry into the Relationship between the British Officers and Native Soldiers of the British Indian Army". (In: ''Military Affairs'', Vol. 48, No. 1 (Jan. 1984), p. 15.</ref>

British general and scholar Lieutenant-General George MacMunn (1869–1952) noted in his writings "It is only necessary for a feeling to arise that it is impious and disgraceful to serve the British, for the whole of our fabric to tumble like a house of cards without a shot being fired or a sword unsheathed".<ref>MacMunn, G. F. (1911). The Armies of India; painted by Major A. C. Lovett. London: Adam & Charles Black.</ref> To this end, it became British policy to recruit only from those tribes whom they classified as members of the 'martial races', and the practice became an integral part of the recruitment manuals for the Army in the British Raj.

The British regarded the 'martial races' as valiant and strong but also intellectually inferior, lacking the initiative or leadership qualities to command large military formations and regarded as politically subservient or docile to authority.<ref name="Khalidi2003"/><ref name="Khalidi2006"/> For these reasons, the martial races theory did not lead to officers being recruited from them; recruitment was based on [[social class]] and loyalty to the [[British Raj]]. One source calls this a "pseudo-[[ethnological]]" construction, which was popularised by [[Frederick Sleigh Roberts]], and created serious deficiencies in troop levels during the [[World Wars]], compelling them to recruit from 'non-martial races'.<ref>[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6146.html Country Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614224923/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6146.html |date=14 June 2017 }} – Based on the Country Studies Series by Federal Research Division of the [[Library of Congress]].</ref> [[Winston Churchill]] was reportedly concerned that the theory was abandoned during the war and wrote to the [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] that he must, "rely as much as possible on the martial races".<ref>Bose, Mihir. The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket and Society in India; p. 25.</ref>

Critics of the theory state that the Indian rebellion of 1857 may have played a role in reinforcing the British belief in it. During this event the [[sepoy]] troops from the Bengal Native Infantry, led by [[Mangal Pandey]], mutinied against the British. Similarly, the [[Revolt of Rajab Ali]] from [[Chittagong]] also caused trouble with British forces. However, the loyal [[Rajputs]], [[Jat people|Jats]], [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]], [[Sikhs]], [[Gurkha]]s, [[Kumauni people|Kumaunis]] and [[Garhwali people|Garhwalis]] did not join the mutiny, and fought on the side of the British Army. From then on, this theory was used to the hilt to accelerate recruitment from among these 'races', while discouraging enlistment of 'disloyal' troops and high-caste [[Hinduism|Hindus]] who had sided with the rebel army during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan - THE BRITISH RAJ |url=http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/8.htm |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=countrystudies.us}}</ref>

Some authors, such as Heather Streets, argue that the military authorities puffed up the images of the martial soldiers by writing regimental histories, and by extolling the [[kilt]]ed Scots, [[kukri]]-wielding Gurkhas and [[turban]]ed Sikhs in numerous paintings.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050701/asp/opinion/story_4933880.asp Book review of Martial Races: The military, race and masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 By Heather Streets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071621/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050701/asp/opinion/story_4933880.asp |date=4 March 2016 }} in [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]].</ref> Richard Schultz, an American author, has claimed the martial race concept as a supposedly clever British effort to divide and rule the people of India for their own political ends.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=SHULTZ |first1=RICHARD H. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/shul12982 |title=Insurgents, Terrorists, and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat |last2=DEW |first2=ANDREA J. |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=9780231503426 |pages=47 |jstor=10.7312/shul12982 }}</ref>

==Tribes and groups designated as martial races==

===In British colonial times===

[[File:SikhsInFrancePostcard.jpg|right|thumb|French postcard depicting the arrival of 15th [[Sikh Regiment]] in France during [[World War I]]. The post card reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten the German hooligans"]]

[[File:14th Murrays Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862-1919).jpg|thumb|[[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]] ''(Risaldar Major), c. 1909, by AC Lovett (1862–1919)'']]
British-declared martial races in the Indian subcontinent included some groups that were officially designated instead as "agricultural tribes" under the provisions of the [[Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900|Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900]]. These terms were considered to be synonymous when the administration compiled a list in 1925. Among the communities listed as martial were:<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC&pg=PA105 |title=The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab |first=Rajit K. |last=Mazumder |page=105 |publisher=Orient Longman |year=2003|isbn=9788178240596 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=MacMunn |first=George Fletcher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiQKAQAAIAAJ&q=Brahmin+martial+race&pg=PA272 |title=The Martial Races of India |date=1979 |publisher=Mittal Publications |pages=271 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shukla |first=S. P. |url=https://archive.org/details/indiasfreedomstr0000shuk/mode/2up?q=Gaur |title=India's freedom struggle and the role of Haryana |date=1985 |publisher=New Delhi : Criterion Publications : Distributed by Deep & Deep Publications |others=Internet Archive}}</ref>

*[[Ahir]]
*[[Arain]]
*[[Awan (tribe)|Awan]]
*[[Baloch tribe|Baloch]]
*[[Dogras|Dogra]]
*[[Gakhars|Gakhar]]
*[[Gaur Brahmins]]
*[[Gurjar]]s
*[[Janjua]]
*[[Jat people|Jat]]
*[[Kamboh]]
*[[Khokhar]]
*[[Labana]]
*[[Mahton]]
*[[Mughal tribe|Mughal]]
*[[Saini]]
*[[Pathan]]
*[[Rajput]]s
*[[Rowther]]s
*[[Qureshi]]
*[[Sial tribe|Sial]]
*Syed

Communities that were at various times classified as martial races include:
*[[Sudhan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWw8AAAAIAAJ |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir State: The making of the State |last=Kapur |first=Manohar Lal |publisher=Kashmir History Publications |year=1980 |isbn= |location=India |pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |chapter=Jammu and Jammutis|first=Christopher |last=Snedden |year=2015|publisher= HarperCollins India |isbn= 9781849043427|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name="Iffat Malik">{{citation |last1=Malik |first1=Iffat |title=Kashmir: Ethnic Conflict International Dispute |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9J8QgAACAAJ&q=kashmir+ethnic+conflict+international+dispute |page=62 |year=2002 |chapter=Jammu Province |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-579622-3}}</ref>
*[[Bhumihars]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpXijlqeRpIC&pg=PA98|title = India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil|isbn = 9788178241098|last1 = Roy|first1 = Kaushik|year = 2004| publisher=Orient Blackswan }}</ref>
*[[Garhwali people|Garhwali]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC |title=The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab |first=Rajit K. |last=Mazumder |page=99 |publisher=Orient Longman |year=2003|isbn=9788178240596 }}</ref>
*[[Vokkaliga#Tulu and Kodagu Vokkaliga|Gowdas]]<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |year= 1898 |title= Historical Records of the XIII Madras Infantry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sxs9AAAAYAAJ&dq=coorgs+gaudas+service&pg=PA191|location= |publisher=W. Thacker |page=191 |quote= …Coorg for the purpose of trying to induce Coorgs and Gaudas to take service, but, after working the whole of Coorg, one recruit only, a Gauda, was obtained . According to the report of the native officer in command of the party, the inhabitants of Coorg, although a warlike race, are much… |isbn=}}
</ref>
*[[Gurkha]]s<ref name="eup">{{Cite journal|last=Surridge|first=Keith|year=2007|title=Martial Races: the Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 (review)|journal=Journal of Victorian Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=Edinburgh|volume=12|issue=1|pages=146–150|issn=1355-5502 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/journal_of_victorian_culture/v012/12.1surridge.html|doi=10.1353/jvc.2007.0017|s2cid=162319158|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*[[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bJlCgAAQBAJ&q=kumaoni+people+as+a+martial+race&pg=PT14|title=mountain echoes a reminiscense of kumaoni women|first=namita|last=gokhale| publisher=Roli pvt ltd.| year=1998|isbn=9788174360403}}</ref>
*[[Marathas]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U5FdJnnDhSwC&pg=PA189 Creative Pasts: Historical Memory And Identity in Western India, 1700-1960] From book: "In the early twentieth century, the Marathas were identified as a "martial race" fit for the imperial army, and recruitment of Marathas increased after World War I."</ref>
*[[Mohyal|Mohyal Brahmin]]<ref name="Khushwant">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |title=The End of India |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0143029946 |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQjYaXkTqdcC&pg=PA98 |quote=Punjabi Mussalmans and Khalsa Sikhs were declared 'martial races' for recruitment to the army or the police; only one small Hindu caste, the Mohyal Brahmins, qualified as martial.}}</ref>
* Agricultural Brahmins of [[Oudh]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Gajendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3cVMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|title=The Testimonies of Indian Soldiers and the Two World Wars: Between Self and Sepoy|date=16 January 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-78093-820-2|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Nair]]s<ref>{{Cite book| title = The Mass Media and Village Life: An Indian Study |first1=Paul |last1=Hartmann |first2=B. R. |last2=Patil |first3=Anita |last3=Dighe | publisher = Sage Publications | year = 1989 | page = 224| isbn = 0-8039-9581-4}}</ref>
*[[Vellalar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazumder |first=Rajit K. |title=The Indian Army and the making of Punjab |date=2003 |publisher=Permanent Black ; Distributed by Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-7824-059-6 |series=Permanent Black monographs. The "Opus 1" series |location=Delhi : Bangalore}}</ref>
*Kurmi[34]

==Post-colonial period==
===India===
India was quick to formally disclaim the martial races theory after gaining independence. The largest single source of recruitment for the [[British Indian Army]] had come from [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], with Sikhs and Punjabi Muslims particularly preferred, with the result that at independence over 90% of the new [[Indian Armed Forces]]' senior officers came from [[East Punjab]] despite the fact that it made up just 5% of the new country's population.<ref name="Wilkinson_2015">{{cite book |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Steven I. |title=Army and Nation: The Military and Indian Democracy Since Independence |date=2015 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=9780674967007}}</ref> Recognizing the destabilising potential of an unrepresentative armed forces, Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] soon urged the [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] and [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]] to undertake "large scale reform to the armed forces”.<ref name="Guruswamy_2016">{{cite news |last1=Guruswamy |first1=Menaka |title=Why the Indian army needs to abandon the colonial concept of 'martial races' |url=https://scroll.in/article/811303/why-the-indian-army-needs-to-abandon-the-colonial-concept-of-martial-races |access-date=25 August 2021 |work=The Scroll |date=16 July 2016}}</ref>

However, while most caste or tribal bars on recruitment were lifted, recruitment in regions populated by the former "martial races" was progressively intensified, with the result that by the beginning of the 1970s, India had more than doubled the number of "martial class" units. The [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]], which recruits mainly [[Sikhs]] and [[Dogras]], had gone from five to 29 battalions since independence, while the [[Rajputana Rifles]], which is mainly composed of [[Jats]] and [[Rajputs]], increased from six to 21 battalions over the same time period.<ref name="Guruswamy_2016" /> The three states that comprised the former [[East Punjab]]—[[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]—remain substantially over-represented in the contemporary Indian Armed Forces. In the 1968-1971 period, Haryana, which accounted for 2.2% of India's population, accounted for 7.82% of the armed forces' headcount; the figures for Himachal Pradesh were 0.6% of the population, and 4.68% of the armed forces, and for Punjab, 2.6% of the population and 15.3% of the armed forces.<ref name="Khalidi_2001">{{cite journal |last1=Khalidi |first1=Omar |title=Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army: The Contrasting Cases of Sikhs, Muslims, Gurkhas and Others |journal=Pacific Affairs |date=2001 |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=529–552 |doi=10.2307/3557805 |jstor=3557805 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3557805 |access-date=25 August 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> By the 1996-97 period, the proportion of the armed forces coming from each state had fallen from 4.7% to 4.4% to Himachal Pradesh, from 7.8% to 5.1% in Haryana, and from 15.3% to 7.6% in Punjab.<ref name="Khalidi_2001"/>

===Pakistan===
At independence, the new [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] likewise reflected the institutional legacy of the "martial races" theory, although it was no longer formally applied there as well. The British preference of Punjabis, combined with the fact that Bengalis (who were the single largest group in the new nation) had been disfavored ever since the Revolt of 1857, led to an even more ethnically lopsided army corps than in India. At the [[Pakistan Army]]'s establishment in 1947, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], with 25% of the new nation's population, accounted for 72% of the Army's headcount, while [[East Bengal (province)|East Bengal]], with 55% of the total population, was virtually unrepresented. In the [[Pakistan Armoured Corps|Armoured Corps]], there was not a single Muslim member from Sindh, Balochistan or Bengal, which together comprised 70% of Pakistan's total population.<ref name="Lakshmi_2016" />

This imbalance created tensions, particularly among the [[Bengali people|Bengalis]] of [[East Pakistan]], who felt humiliated by the continued belief in the theory which continued to hold sway in [[West Pakistan]], that they were not 'martially inclined' compared to the [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] and [[Pashtuns]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+bd0139%29 |title=Library of Congress studies. |access-date=7 November 2006 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705131255/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r%3Ffrd/cstdy:@field(DOCID%2Bbd0139) |url-status=live }}</ref> Pakistani author [[Hasan Askari Rizvi|Hasan-Askari Rizvi]] notes that the limited recruitment of Bengali personnel in the Pakistan Army was because the West Pakistanis "could not overcome the hangover of the martial race theory".<ref>{{cite book |title=Military, State and Society in Pakistan |first=Hasan-Askari |last=Rizvi |date=September 2000 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=0-312-23193-8 |page=128}}</ref> As a result, in 1955, out of the Pakistan Army's 908-strong officer corps, 894 hailed from West Pakistan and a mere 14 from East Pakistan. Thus, following the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état|coup d'état of 1958]], the exclusion of East Pakistani Bengalis from military leadership translated into their exclusion from the nation's political leadership. This deepened the alienation of East Pakistanis from the Pakistani government, which would eventually lead to the [[independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name="Guruswamy_2016" />

Furthermore, it has been alleged that the continued influence of the theory among the command of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]], whose rank and file had largely drawn from the martial races, contributed to an otherwise unjustified confidence that they would easily defeat India in a war, especially prior to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>Insurgents, Terrorists, and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat [[Richard H. Shultz]], Andrea Dew: "The Martial Races Theory had firm adherents in Pakistan and this factor played a major role in the under-estimation of the Indian Army by Pakistani soldiers as well as civilian decision makers in 1965."</ref><ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0189) United States Library of Congress Country Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120719232027/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0189) |date=19 July 2012 }} "Most Pakistanis, schooled in the belief of their own martial prowess, refused to accept the possibility of their country's military defeat by 'Hindu India'."</ref> Based on this belief in martial supremacy<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm Indo-Pakistan War of 1965] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509223002/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm |date=9 May 2017 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/990718.htm "End-game?" By Ardeshir Cowasjee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023234619/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/990718.htm |date=23 October 2010 }} – 18 July 1999, [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]].</ref><ref>''India'' Stanley Wolpert Published: University of California Press 1990. "India's army... quickly dispelled the popular Pakistani myth that one Muslim soldier was 'worth ten Hindus.'"</ref> numerical superiority of the foe could be overcome.<ref name="Cohen">''The Idea of Pakistan'' [[Stephen P. Cohen]] Published: Brookings Institution Press 2004 {{ISBN|0-8157-1502-1}} pp. 103–104.</ref> Defence writers in Pakistan have noted that the 1971 defeat was partially attributable to the flawed 'martial races' theory which led to [[wishful thinking]] that it was possible to defeat the [[Mukti Bahini|Bengali Rebel Forces]] based on the theory alone.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/nov/pak-army.htm |title=Pakistan's Defence Journal. |access-date=29 February 2008 |archive-date=7 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307232548/http://defencejournal.com/2000/nov/pak-army.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Author [[Stephen P. Cohen]] notes that "Elevating the 'martial races' theory to the level of an absolute truth had domestic implications for Pakistani politics and contributed to the neglect of other aspects of security.".<ref name="Cohen"/>

In contemporary Pakistan, army recruitment still reflects the biases of "martial races" theory, with a considerable over-representation of ethnic [[Pashtuns]] and [[Punjabis]], particularly from the [[Salt Range]], and under-representation of [[Balochis]] and [[Sindhis]].<ref name="Lakshmi_2016" /> In the past few decades there have been some efforts to rectify these imbalances and make the Armed Forces more representative, in part by relaxing recruitment standards in Sindh and Balochistan.<ref name="Lakshmi_2016" /> In 2007 a report published by the [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] claimed success bringing the army's composition closer to national demographics; the proportion of Punjabis in the army had fallen from 71% in 2001 to 57% in 2007, and was expected to reach 54% by 2011.{{update inline|date=August 2021}} In turn, the proportion of Sindhis was expected to increase from 15% to 17%, and Balochis from 3.2% in 2007 to 4% in 2011. The report also projected an increase in the soldiers from Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan from 0% to 9% by 2011.<ref name="Lakshmi_2016" /> However, noting that, for instance, a disproportionately large share of new recruits from Sindh are ethnic [[Pathans of Sindh|Pathans (Pashtuns)]] rather than Sindhis, critics have alleged that such figures, in measuring provincial origin rather than ethnicity ''per se'', mask continued biases in recruiting.<ref name="Lakshmi_2016" />

==See also==
*[[Criminal Tribes Act]]
*[[Historical definitions of races in India]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}46. ^ Cornel University Library publishing [[iarchive:cu31924088964154/page/n1/mode/1up|Tribes and caste of H.E.H nizams dominion]]

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |jstor=2943173 |title=The Untouchable Soldier: Caste, Politics, and the Indian Army |first=Stephen P. |last=Cohen |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=28 |issue=3 |date=May 1969 |pages=453–468 |doi=10.2307/2943173}} {{subscription required}}
*{{cite book |first=Stephen P. |last=Cohen |title=The Indian Army |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1971}}
*{{cite journal |title=Militarized Masculinities: Shaped and Reshaped in Colonial South-East Punjab |first=Prem |last=Chowdhry |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=3 |date=May 2013 |pages=713–750 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X11000539 |jstor=24494165|s2cid=145147406 }}

{{Historical definitions of race}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Race, Martial}}
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Military history of British India]]
[[Category:Caste system in India]]
[[Category:Historical definitions of race]]
[[Category:Warriors]]
[[Category:Military history of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Military of India]]

Vijay J. Darda

2026-03-26T02:03:47Z

Md Rifat:

{{Short description|Indian Politician (born 1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vijay J. Darda
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1950|05|14}}
| birth_place = [[Yavatmal]], [[Bombay State]], (present-day Maharashtra) India
| death_date =
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = (1998-2004), (2004-2010), (2010
| term_end = 2016)
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| spouse = Jyotsna Vijay Darda
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| residence = [[Yavatmal]] and [[Nagpur]]
| children = Devendra Darda (son), Purva (daughter)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-barons-of-nagpur/|title = The Barons of Nagpur|date = 9 September 2012}}</ref>
| parents = [[Jawaharlal Darda]], Veenadevi J. Darda
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician, editor
| religion =
| website =
| footnotes =
| image = Vijay Darda 2024 1.jpg
}}

'''Vijay Jawaharlal Darda''' (born 14 May 1950)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=155 |title=Detailed Profile - Shri Vijay Jawaharlal Darda - Members of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) - Who's Who - Government: National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |access-date=2012-09-19}}</ref> is a politician from [[Indian National Congress]] party, and was a Member of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[Maharashtra]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] since 1998, having been elected for three consecutive terms into the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He is the chairman of the Lokmat Media Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lokmat.net/vijay-darda.html |title=Lokmat Media Pvt. Ltd |publisher=Lokmat.net |access-date=2012-09-19}}</ref> He is also the founder and President of [[Sakal Jain Samaj]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Observe Chaturmas by staying at home: Darda|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/observe-chaturmas-by-staying-at-home-darda/1915467|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Outlook India}}</ref> Darda was President of the [[The Indian Newspaper Society|Indian Newspaper Society]], New Delhi from 1997 to 1998. He continues to be a member of its executive committee.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2010-09-17|title=Vijay Darda elected ABC chairperson|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/97303/vijay-darda-elected-abc-chairperson.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and political career ==
Darda was born in a [[Śvētāmbara|Shwetambar]] [[Jainism|Jain]] Family in [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]. His father, [[Jawaharlal Darda]], was a freedom fighter during the independence struggle of India. Jawaharlal Darda launched [[Lokmat]], a daily Marathi newspaper on 15 December 1971, in [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lokmat Media|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/?L=0&cHash=6d2d68f275c5ecd755e6b5bcf5b738d5&id=1630&tx_lfrogmom_companydetail%5Baction%5D=show&tx_lfrogmom_companydetail%5Bcompany%5D=3296&tx_lfrogmom_companydetail%5Bcontroller%5D=Company|access-date=2021-03-24|website=india.mom-rsf.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Who is Vijay Darda">{{Cite web|date=2012-09-04|title=Who is Vijay Darda?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/who-is-vijay-darda/story-cf6SZazEOhxldr3ObjZgnK.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Vijay J Darda received a diploma in Journalism and Printing Technology from [[University of Mumbai|Mumbai University]] In 1988.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Vijay Jawaharlal Darda of Maharashtra contact address & email|url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/vijay-jawaharlal-darda/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=nocorruption.in|language=en}}</ref> Vijay Darda was awarded D.Litt. (Doctor of Literature) by internationally renowned D Y Patil University at the convocation of the university in Navi Mumbai on 28 March 2023, at the hands of [[Maharashtra]] governor [[Ramesh Bais]] and chancellor of Dr D Y Patil University Dr Vijay Patil in the presence Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Eknath Shinde]] and dignitaries from all walks of life. He was conferred with the degree for his outstanding work across the fields of journalism, social work, education, politics, philanthropy for the betterment of society.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2023 |title=Lokmat Group chairman Vijay Darda honoured with D.Litt |work=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/india/lokmat-group-chairman-vijay-darda-honoured-with-d-litt/1480620/ |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> he contested his first [[Rajya Sabha]] election and won as an independent candidate against the Congress candidate Ram Pradhan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-04|title=Who is Vijay Darda?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/who-is-vijay-darda/story-cf6SZazEOhxldr3ObjZgnK.html|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> After winning as an independent candidate, Congress party nominated him for the 2004 and 2010 [[Rajya Sabha]] elections in which he secured victory.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jog|first=Sanjay|date=2012-09-07|title=Newsmaker: Vijay Darda|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/newsmaker-vijay-darda-112090700074_1.html|access-date=2021-03-24}}</ref>

Darda was elected and served as the chairman of [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulation]] (ABC) for 2010–11.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-18|title=Vijay Darda is new Audit bureau chief|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/vijay-darda-is-new-audit-bureau-chief/story-KioGlgiXL6sZCTDlEhmvSI.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Vijay Darda with Rajnath Singh.jpg|thumb|Vijay Darda on 28 June 2022 presented a cheque worth Rs 71 lakh to defence minister of India [[Rajnath Singh]] and Chief of Army Staff General [[Manoj Pande]] on the construction of houses for the soldiers guarding the War Memorial in [[Kargil]].]]
Vijay Darda on 28 June 2022 presented a cheque worth Rs 71 lakh to defence minister of India [[Rajnath Singh]] and Chief of Army Staff General [[Manoj Pande]] on behalf of Lokmat Foundation for the construction of houses for the soldiers guarding the War Memorial in [[Kargil]].

[[Kargil War Memorial]] was constructed in Kargil in 2004 on the national highway NH-1D from [[Srinagar]] to [[Leh]] after the Kargil war victory in 1999. Since this place is very close to the Pakistan border and there is a strong possibility of a terror attack here, an Army contingent has been deployed for its security.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2022 |title=71 lakh contribution for accommodation of soldiers posted in Kargil, checks handed over to Defense Minister by Lokmat Foundation – Marathi News {{!}} Contribution of Rs 71 lakh for accommodation of personnel deployed in Kargil Checks handed over to Defense Minister by Lokmat Foundation ARY Tv News |work=ATN News |url=https://arytvnews.com/71-lakh-contribution-for-accommodation-of-soldiers-posted-in-kargil-checks-handed-over-to-defense-minister-by-lokmat-foundation-marathi-news-contribution-of-rs-71-lakh-for-accommodation-of-perso/ |access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref>

[[Kargil]] War Memorial Home for [[Jawans]] has been built with contribution from Lokmat Foundation and funds collected from members of the public. The War Memorial Home was dedicated to the jawans by Vijay Darda in presence of [[Rajendra Darda]], Brig U S Anand, Brig B S Multani, Lt Gen [[Anindya Sengupta]] and Major General Nagendra Singh at [[Dras]] ([[Ladakh]]) on 23rd [[Kargil]] Vijay Diwas on 26 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2022 |title=कारगिल जवानांसाठी लोकमत तर्फे मेमोरियल होम |work=Lokmat |url=https://www.lokmat.com/national/memorial-home-for-kargil-jawans-by-lokmat-a601/ |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2022 |title=Kargil War Memorial Home for Jawans helmed by Lokmat Media inaugurated in Dras on Vijay Diwas |work=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/india/kargil-war-memorial-home-for-jawans-helmed-by-lokmat-media-inaugurated-in-dras-on-vijay-diwas/1059182/ |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref>

In 1986, he organised All India Kabaddi Gold Trophy Tournament at [[Yavatmal]] to promote the Indian game at an international level.<ref name=":0" />

When the execution of the [[Wardha]]-[[Yavatmal]]-[[Nanded]] [[Rail transport|railway]] project was delayed, Darda requested authorities to intervene. On 11 June 2014, he made a demand for a separate state for [[Vidarbha]] in Parliament because of the problems that people of the region face. He demanded that the first cargo hub of the country should be set up in Nagpur, which would generate widespread employment and fuel growth and development in the region. He said that the Sewagram Ashram at Wardha should be declared a national heritage structure as it has been witness to the '[[satyagraha]]' and national freedom struggle, the release said. He demanded the government to ensure that there was no interference with the freedom of press.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vijay Darda calls for separate Vidarbha state|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/vijay-darda-calls-for-separate-vidarbha-state/articleshow/36590712.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref>

Darda published a book titled ''Public Issues Before Parliament'' that compiles his various contributions as a Member of Parliament. The book was released by then [[Vice President of India]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari|Hamid Ansari]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-20|title=Vice President released a book entitled Public Issues Before Parliament|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/vice-president-released-a-book-entitled-public-issues-before-parliament-1392877152-1|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref>

In 2014, Darda actively highlighted the problems of people in [[Vidarbha]] region and urged the centre to create a package of INR 200 crores for widows of farmers who committed suicide, and which supported institutions of higher education in the backward region. An agro-based industry model was suggested by him to create alternate employment opportunities.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Congress member flags Vidarbha farmers' suicide issue in Rajya Sabha|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-member-flags-vidarbha-farmers-suicide-issue-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/39425120.cms|access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref> Darda urged for additional financial incentives to attract more industrial investments to the Vidharbha region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State will try its best to ensure its Advantage Vidarbha, says CM - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/state-will-try-its-best-to-ensure-it-s-advantage-vidarbha-says-cm/1074671/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Indian Express}}</ref>

In 2015, Darda founded [[Sakal Jain Samaj]], not for profit organization aims to preach the teachings of Jainism and organizes events and celebrations.

During the meeting of the Consultative Committee of the Members of Parliament for the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]], Darda raised issues about the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra government]] managing airports. He pointed out that the Maharashtra Govt. has no expertise in maintenance of airports and development of infrastructure, and the condition of the airport is deteriorating due to non-appointment of strategic partner who could make investments for development of the airports.<ref name=":1" />

Darda was part of the Pakistan-India Parliamentarians' Dialogue in Islamabad, [[Pakistan]] in 2011. He told the press, "The 26/11 incident is important for India and cannot be considered a closed chapter. The trust deficit can also be bridged if steps are taken to release [[Sarabjit Singh]]." Darda also said, "[[Pakistan]] will have to act on India's long-standing security concerns, including the handing over of [[Dawood Ibrahim]] and the prosecution of those involved in the 2008 Mumbai attack case. Visas should also be issued freely and Pakistan can benefit from India's expertise in areas like healthcare. The two sides also have to address key issues like poverty, education and differences over sharing river waters."<ref>{{Cite web|title=India, Pak Must Address Security Concerns: Darda|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/india-pak-must-address-security-concerns-darda/707670|access-date=2021-04-26|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

Darda raised issues of wildlife conservation in Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-01|title=Into the wild|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/into-the-wild/story-OGLVgu3qZHw1XEH5Hue6TK.html|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Darda scrupulously followed up in [[Rajya Sabha]] on issues including combating global warming, cleaning of the Yamuna river and depleting forest cover in the country. He also proposed the installation of surveillance systems at national parks to check poaching, as well as to mitigate the illegal trade of leopard skin and body parts.<ref>{{Cite web|title= prsindia.org/mptrack/vijayjawaharlaldarda|url=https://www.prsindia.org/mptrack/vijayjawaharlaldarda}}</ref>

In an exclusive interview with senior journalists in [[Nagpur]], Mr. Vijay Darda said a strong political will is needed to complete his dream project Wardha -Yavatmal-Nanded railway line on time. Darda said he is pursuing this project constantly for last 13 year. So far, he has discussed the project with eleven [[Minister of Railways (India)|Railway Ministers]] and made correspondence with relevant authorities several times. Darda said, original cost of the project 284 km yellow line was 274.55 crore but the cost has escalated to 3,165 crore now in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 December 2021|title=Wardha Yavatmal Nanded Railway Line|work=Lokmat Online|url=https://www.lokmat.com/maharashtra/need-strong-political-will-wardha-yavatmal-nanded-railway-line-says-vijay-darda-a653/|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

== Private member bills ==

* The National Commission for Hygienic Food, Packed Drinks and Water Bill, 2005
* The Electronic Waste (Handling and Disposal) Bill, 2005
* The Constitution (Amendment) Bill, 2006
* The Whistle Blowers (Protection in Public Interest Disclosures) Bill, 2006
* The Tele-Shopping (Protection of Consumer's Rights) Bill, 2006
* The Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (Amendment) Bill, 2006
* The Rajya Sabha Secretariat (Administration) Bill, 2006
* The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2006<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bulletin-II|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/business/Bull_No.aspx?number=44153|access-date=2021-05-14|website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref>
* The Electronic Waste (Handling and Disposal) Bill, 2015
* The Consumer Goods Price Fixation Board Bill, 2015
* The Gymnasiums and Fitness Centres (Regulation) Bill, 2015<ref>{{cite web| url=https://mpa.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR15-16.pdf | title=Annual Report 2015-2016 | publisher=Government of India}}</ref>
* The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Bill, 2005<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=PARLIAMENT OF INDIA RAJYA SABHA|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/larrdis/WhosWho_2010.pdf}}</ref>
* The Pathological Laboratories and Clinics (Regulation and Control) Bill, 2006<ref name=":4" />
* The Children School Bags (Limitation on Weight) Bill, 2006<ref name=":4" />
* The Mobile Camera Phone Users (Code of Conduct) Bill, 2006
* The Compulsory Registration of Marriages Bill, 2007
* The Prevention of Atrocities on Women Bill, 2007
* The Consumer Goods Price Fixation Board Bill, 2007
* The Supreme Court (Establishment of a Permanent Bench at Nagpur) Bill, 2007
* The Information Technology and Infotainment Facilities in Villages Bill, 2007
* The Divorced Women (Protection and Welfare) Bill, 2007
* The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill, 2007
* The Gymnasiums and Fitness Centres (Regulation) Bill
* The Special Courts for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 2007<ref name=":4" />

== Parliamentary committees, memberships and delegations ==

* Member of Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information and Technology (September 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay J D|url=http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Information%20Technology/16_Information_Technology_12.pdf}}</ref>
* Member of Consultative Committee for Petroleum and Natural Gas<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members : Lok Sabha|url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/QResult16.aspx?qref=50827|access-date=2021-04-26|website=loksabha.nic.in}}</ref>
* Member of Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India (July 2010)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Civil Aviation V J Darda|url=https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/moca_001345.pdf}}</ref>
* Member of Rajya Sabha Committee on Subordinate Legislation (September 2010)<ref name="bodies1">{{Cite web|title=Rajya Sabha|url=https://rajyasabha.gov.in/rsnew/committees_bodies/pub2011.pdf}}</ref>
* Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (September 2010)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bulletin-II|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/business/Bull_No.aspx?number=45941|access-date=2021-04-26|website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref>
* Member of Philatelic Advisory Committee of the Department of Posts, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (November 2010)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=WhosWho Rajya Sabha Gov India|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/larrdis/WhosWho_2010.pdf}}</ref>
* Member, Committee on Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) Aug. 2012 to July 2016<ref>{{Cite web|title=MA SECTION|url=http://rsintranet.nic.in/intrars/admreport/ma.htm|access-date=2021-04-26|website=rsintranet.nic.in}}</ref>
* Participated in India-Yale Parliamentary Leadership Programme (Washington D.C., USA, 2008)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-06-12|title=Indian MPs to interact with US policy makers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/indian-mps-to-interact-with-us-policy-makers/story-K2M73xV40JQQPaaQAncoJO.html|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
* Delegation visit to Morocco & Tunisia with vice-president of India Dr. Hamid Ansari in 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=India keen to make Morocco its economic hub for Africa: Ansari |url=https://www.pressreader.com/oman/times-of-oman/20160601/281767038477223 |access-date=2023-03-31 |via=[[PressReader]] |publisher=Times of Oman |date=1 Jun 2016}}</ref>
* Committee on Petitions (Date of Re-constitution: 24 September 2009)<ref name="bodies1"/>
* Committee on Subordinate Legislation (Date of Re-constitution: 29 September 2010)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/committees_bodies/page1.pdf | title=COMMITTEES OF RAJYA SABHA AND OTHER PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES AND BODIES ON WHICH RAJYA SABHA IS REPRESENTED (2009-2010) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514085635/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/committees_bodies/page1.pdf | archive-date=2021-05-14}}</ref>
* Committee on Finance(Ministries/Departments : Finance; Corporate Affairs; Planning; Statistics and Programme Implementation) (Date of Constitution: 31 August 2010)<ref name="bodies1"/>
* Attended Security Council Meeting-1992 along with Prime Minister of India: U.N.O. Headquarters, New York<ref name=":3"/>
* Member Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Government of India, Dehradun (Uttaranchal)
* Member, Environmental Appraisal Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi
* Member, National AIDS Committee, Ministry of Health, Government of India, New Delhi<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=in-rolls/indian-politician-bios|url=https://github.com/in-rolls/indian-politician-bios|access-date=2021-05-14|website=GitHub|language=en}}</ref>
* Member, Indo-Pak Parliamentary Forum
* 2001–Feb. 2004 Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Culture
* 2002 onwards Vice-president / Member India-Turkey Parliamentary Friendship Group
* Aug. 2004 onwards Member, Parliamentary Committee to review the rate of Dividend payable by the Indian Railways to the General Revenues
* 2005 onwards Member, Indo-Japan Parliamentary Forum
* Feb. 2005 onwards Member, Hindi Salahakar Samiti, Ministry of Company Affairs
* May 2005 onwards Member, Organizing Committee of the Commonwealth Games 2010
* Oct. 2006- May 2009 and July 2010 onwards Permanent Special Invitee, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
* Member, Hindi Salahakar Samiti, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry Member, Hindi Salahakar Samiti, Northern Railways<ref name=":3" />
* Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and Ministry of Culture
* Konkan Railways Users Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Railways, 2005<ref>{{Cite web |title=Performances of vijay darda news |url=https://issuu.com/vijaydarda/docs/performances_of_vijay_darda.docx |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=Issuu|language=en}}</ref>
* Member, Hindi Salahakar Samiti, Central Railways Aug. 2012 - May 2014
* Member, Hindi Salahkar Samiti, Rajya Sabha Secretariat June 2015 to July 2016
* Member, Advisory group, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change<ref name=":5" />
* Member, of the Standing Committee on Information Aug. 1998-Feb. 2004
* Member, of the Standing Committee on Technology Aug. 2004 - Dec. 2006
* Member, Indo-China Society 2003 to 2010
* Member, Indo- US Parliamentary Forum 2004 to 2010
* Member, Standing Committee on Finance Aug. 1998-Feb. 2004 and Aug. 2004 - Dec.
* Member, Bureau of Indian Standards Dec. 2006- May 2009 and Aug. 2009 - Aug. 2012 2006, Sep. 2007- May 2009 and Aug. 2009 - May 2014 and Sept. 2014 to July 2016
* Member Ministry of Civil Aviation and Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Aug. 2009 to 2010
* Vice-president, India-Israel Parliamentary Friendship Group May 2013 - May 2014
* Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests Sept. 2014 to July 2016
* Member, India-Uruguay Parliamentary Friendship Group
* Member, Committee on Commerce 2012 to July 2016
* Member, Parliamentary Forum on HIV/AIDS<ref name=":7" />

== Non-parliamentary positions ==

* Chairman, News18-Lokmat Marathi News Channel
* Member of Press Council of India, New Delhi (From March 1998 – 2001, March 2001 – 2004)
* Member of the ABC's Council of Management<ref name=":2" />
* Chairman, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering & Technology (Shri Jawaharlal Darda Education Society) Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|last=indcareer.com|date=2010-08-25|title=Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering & Technology JDIET College, Yavatmal|url=https://www.indcareer.com/maharashtra/yavatmal/jawaharlal-darda-institute-engineering-technology-jdiet-college-yavatmal|access-date=2021-04-28|website=IndCareer.com|language=en}}</ref>
* President of Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya (Vidya Prasarak Mandal), Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|last=indcareer.com|date=2010-08-23|title=Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal|url=https://www.indcareer.com/maharashtra/yavatmal/amolakchand-mahavidyalaya-yavatmal|access-date=2021-04-28|website=IndCareer.com|language=en}}</ref>
* President of Amolakchand Law College (Vidya Prasarak Mandal), Yavatmal
* President of College of Physical Education (Hanuman Vyayamshala Krida Mandal), Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hanuman Vyayam Shala Krida Mandal Physical Education College (HVSKMPEC), Yavatmal - 2021 Admissions, Courses, Fees, Ranking|url=https://www.collegedekho.com/colleges/hanuman-vyayam-shala-krida-mandal-physical-education-college|access-date=2021-04-28|website=CollegeDekho|language=en}}</ref>
* Founder Chairman, Yavatmal Public School (Shri Jawaharlal Darda Education Society), Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governing Body|url=http://www.yps.ac.in/governing_body.php|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.yps.ac.in}}</ref>
* President of Anglo Hindi High School and Junior College (Hindi Prasarak Mandal), Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|title=3 Vikas-Purush to be felicitated on Nov 25 at Yavatmal|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/3-vikas-purush-to-be-felicitated-on-nov-25-at-yavatmal/11231750,%20https://www.nagpurtoday.in/3-vikas-purush-to-be-felicitated-on-nov-25-at-yavatmal/11231750|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.nagpurtoday.in|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Chairman of Priyadarshini Co-operative Spinning and Ginning Textile Mills Ltd., Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-13|title=Priyadarshini Sahakari Soot Girni Limited - TiNi Pages|url=https://tinipages.com/businesses/india/maharashtra/yavatmal/businessinfo/priyadarshini-sahakari-soot-girni-limited/|access-date=2021-05-14|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
* Chairman, Darda Investment And Properties Pvt Ltd
* Chairman and Director of Vidhya Prasarak Mandal, Yavatmal
* Founder of Amolakchand College of Science, Commerce, Arts and Law
* Chairman and Director of Jawaharlal Education Trust
* Founder of Matoshree Veenadevi Darda English Medium School at Yavatmal<ref>{{Cite web|title=DARDA INVESTMENT AND PROPERTIES PVT LTD - Company, directors and contact details {{!}} Zauba Corp|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/DARDA-INVESTMENT-AND-PROPERTIES-PVT-LTD/U65990MH1981PTC025898|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.zaubacorp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hanuman Vyayam Shala Krida Mandal (HVSKM) Physical Education College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra » PunjabColleges.com|url=https://www.punjabcolleges.com/35556-indiacolleges-HANUMAN-VYAYAMSHALA-KREEDA-MANDALS-COLLEGE-Yavatmal-Maharashtra/|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.punjabcolleges.com|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514084502/https://www.punjabcolleges.com/35556-indiacolleges-HANUMAN-VYAYAMSHALA-KREEDA-MANDALS-COLLEGE-Yavatmal-Maharashtra/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Oswals|url=http://oswals.net/gotras/darda|access-date=2021-05-14|website=oswals.net}}</ref>
* President, Vidya Prasarak Mandal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Darda awarded international jurists award in UK - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/vijay-darda-awarded-international-jurists-award-in-uk/articleshow/8949444.cms|access-date=2021-05-14|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Member of the Press Council of India
* Managing trustee of the Press Institute of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-09 |title=The Barons of Nagpur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-barons-of-nagpur/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* ''Tapsi: Reminiscences of Veenadevi Darda, My Respected Mother: The Indian Emergency as seen by an Indian'' (English version)
* ''Lokmat Congress Centenary Special-1985''
* ''Sanskar Pushpa'', discourses of Jain Sadhvi Preeti Sudha Ji
* ''Raktanjali'', a book of inspiring poems written by Col. V.P. Singh dedicated to the Kargil Martyrs<ref name=":6"/>
* ''Straight Thoughts''
* ''Na Sampanare Shabda ''
* ''Seedhi Baat''
* ''Satyam Shivam Sundaram''
* ''Public Issues Before Parliament''<ref name=":6" />
* ''Ringside''<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2023 |title=Dr Vijay Darda's new book 'RINGSIDE' to be released |work=The Print Media |url=https://theprint.in/india/dr-vijay-dardas-new-book-ringside-to-be-released-by-shashi-tharoor-in-delhi-on-may-30/1597465/ |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref>
* Kuch Jakhm Kuch Aawaj
* Tya Jakhma To Aawaj<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=Asking questions of party leadership isn't rebellion: ex-MP Darda |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/asking-questions-of-party-leadership-isnt-rebellion-ex-mp-darda-8637745/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* ''The Churn''<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-04-03 |title=Former MP Vijay Darda's book 'The Churn' released |url=https://theprint.in/india/former-mp-vijay-dardas-book-the-churn-released/2576924/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-04 |title=Veteran journalist and political figure Dr Vijay Darda's 'The Churn' launched |url=https://www.dynamitenews.com/story/veteran-journalist-and-politician-dr-vijay-dardas-the-churn-launched |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=Dynamite News |language=en}}</ref>

== Family ==
Vijay's brother, [[Rajendra Darda]], was also elected from [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] East Assembly constituency from 1998 thrice. He was the minister of education and industry in Maharashtra Government. Vijay Darda is married to Jyotsna Darda and has two children - Devendra Darda (son) and Purva Darda Kothari (daughter).<ref name="Who is Vijay Darda"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-09|title=The Barons of Nagpur|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-barons-of-nagpur/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> [[Jawaharlal Darda]], his father, was from [[Yavatmal]] district. A freedom fighter, [[Jawaharlal Darda]] was also the state treasurer for the MPCC. He was part of the cabinet at as the minister for industries and energy of Maharashtra state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-04|title=Who is Vijay Darda?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/who-is-vijay-darda/story-cf6SZazEOhxldr3ObjZgnK.html|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== South Asia Editor Forum ==
Founder president of the South Asian Editor's Forum, formed by the editors of dailies in South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Newsmaker: Vijay Darda |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/newsmaker-vijay-darda-112090700074_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250321045739/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/newsmaker-vijay-darda-112090700074_1.html |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-09-23 |title=Vijay Darda to speak on role of media in promotion of peace tomorrow - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/vijay-darda-to-speak-on-role-of-media-in-promotion-of-peace-tomorrow/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
Being a Congress Member, on 29 July 2012, at a function in [[Ahmedabad]], Darda remarked that [[Gujarat]] Chief Minister [[Narendra Modi]] is a tiger and a national saint.<ref name="ibnlive">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/modi-is-a-tiger-national-saint-says-congress-mp/276010-37.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801074941/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/modi-is-a-tiger-national-saint-says-congress-mp/276010-37.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2012 |title=Narendra Modi is a tiger, a national saint, says Congress MP Vijay Darda - Politics News - IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=2012-09-19}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
Darda is the founder of Shri [[Jawaharlal Darda]] Institute of Engineering & Technology at Yavatmal and is the Managing Trustee of Press Institute of Maharashtra, Pune along with Smt. Kusumabai Darda Trust.<ref name=":0" />

Bhari village in the Yavatmal district was adopted by Darda under the [[Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana]]. The village was converted into a model village at a cost of INR 1 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Darda(Indian National Congress(INC)):(MAHARASHTRA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=254|access-date=2021-04-05|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

Darda donated INR 5 lakhs to the descendants of [[Tatya Tope]] because of the deteriorating condition of the family.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-07-04|title=Indian Rly honours Tatya Tope's family|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/indian-rly-honours-tatya-tope-s-family/story-24EOwr0g5tTkCqjLYUo66O.html|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

He supported Sultana Begum (great-granddaughter of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]) with the wedding of her daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-05-03|title=Mughal heiress gets help to marry off daughter|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/mughal-heiress-gets-help-to-marry-off-daughter/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Darda has worked towards stopping the slaughterhouses and has interest in wildlife conservation owing to his Jain roots.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-01|title=Into the wild|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/into-the-wild/story-OGLVgu3qZHw1XEH5Hue6TK.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In 1984, Darda arranged funds for the people who were impacted by floods in Nanded and Parbhani. School buildings were constructed. He supported the Lokmat Relief Fund during earthquakes of Bihar (1988) and Killari (Latur, Marathwada 1993). Kargil Relief funds were raised by him and the group for the martyrs of Kargil from Aurangabad, Nagpur, Lature and Solapur through which hostels were made.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-09|title=The Barons of Nagpur|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-barons-of-nagpur/|access-date=2021-05-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Vijay Darda has taken an initiative to provide substantial support for higher education to the children of the martyred cops who laid down their lives for maintaining peace in Gadchiroli district and the state. At a programme held at the Gadchiroli police headquarters on 14, December 2022, financial assistance of Rs 50,000 each was given to 20 children<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=6 June 2023 |title=Vijay Darda, Chairman of editorial board of Lokmat Media and former MP; Sandeep Patil, DIG, Gadchiroli Range; Neelotpal, Gadchiroli SP |work=The Hitavada |location=Nagpur |publication-date=17 December 2022 |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2022/12/17/Jawaharlal-Darda-Foundation-provides-assistance-to-children-of-martyred-cops.html |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref>

== Social and religious ==
Under the guidance of Shri Vijay Darda, Lokmat Media Group organised a National Inter-Religious Conference in Nagpur on 24 October 2021. Religious and spiritual leaders from different religions participated in this conference and called for communal harmony and universal brotherhood. The religious leaders who graced the conference included Gurudev [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]] ji, Founder of Art of Living, [[Ramdev|Swami Ramdev]] ji, Founder of [[Patanjali Yogpeeth]], Haridwar, Acharya Dr. Lokeshmuni ji, Founder of Ahimsa Vishwa Bharti, Brahmaviharidas Swami ji of BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha, [[Oswald Gracias|Cardinal Oswald Gracias]] ji, Archbishop of Mumbai, Pralhad Wamanrao Pai ji of Jeevanvidya Mission, Mumbai, Bhikkhu Sanghasena, Founder of Mahabodhi International Meditation Centre, Leh and Ladakh and Haji Syed Salman Chishty, Gaddi Nashin, Dargah Ajmer Sharif. The Chief Guest of the programme was Shri Nitin Gadkari, Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Government of India and the Guest of Honour was Shri Dayashankar Tiwari, Mayor of Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lokmat Media successfully hosts the first-ever National Inter-Religious Conference in Nagpur|work=Business Standard|date=26 October 2021 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/lokmat-media-successfully-hosts-the-first-ever-national-inter-religious-conference-in-nagpur-121102600553_1.html|access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==

* Feroze Gandhi Memorial Award for excellence in Journalism (1990–91)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-17|title=Vijay Darda elected ABC chairperson|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/97303/vijay-darda-elected-abc-chairperson.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>
*International jurists award in UK (2011) given by Rt. Hon. Lord Phillips (President of the Supreme Court of the UK) for work in the field of legal education in India's rural areas<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Darda awarded international jurists award in UK - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/vijay-darda-awarded-international-jurists-award-in-uk/articleshow/8949444.cms|access-date=2021-03-24|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Giant International Journalism Award (2016) for best contribution in the field of Journalism in Maharashtra, India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Giants International Awards 2016 {{!}} Giants International Awards 2016 Celebrity Pics {{!}} Giants International Awards 2016 Photo Gallery - ETimes Photogallery|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/awards-and-honours/giants-international-awards-2016/articleshow/54389709.cms|access-date=2021-04-26|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
*The Best Produced Newspapar for the Best Printing Technology Award by the hand of President of India Shri Giani Zali Singh awarded in 1983.
*Nemichand Shrishrimal Foundation Award for the excellence in the field of Journalism in 1996
*Journalism award 1997 for the best contribution in the field of Journalism in Maharashtra State
*Maharashtra Kala Niketan 7th Maharashtra Cine Natya Paritoshik 2003<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m-J50FHmGcC&dq=Best+Produced+Newspaper+Award%E2%80%99++for+the+%E2%80%98best+Printing+Technology+-+darda&pg=PA268|title=History of Oswals|publisher=Panchshil Publications|isbn=978-81-923730-2-7|language=en}}</ref>
*Outstanding Youth Person, 1987, by Indian National Jaycees, Chapter-Yavatmal Cotton City Jaycees
*Ten Outstanding Businessmen, Industrialists & Professionals Award, 2001
*Brijlal Biyani Award for Journalism, 2006
*Yavatmal Bhushan Award 2007, by Yavatmal Rotary Club
*Late S.M. Garge Journalism Award for 2007<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Rajya sabha side|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/larrdis/WhosWho_2010.pdf}}</ref>
*Mahakaruna Award in recognition of contribution to maintaining love & social harmony in society. The award was given the hands of Bhikkhu Sanghasena ji, founder President & Spiritual Director of Mahabodhi International Meditation Centre, Leh (Ladakh)<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2022 |title=Mahakaruna Award conferred on Vijay Darda by MIMC at Leh |pages= |work=Lokmat Media |url=https://www.lokmat.com/national/mahakaruna-award-presented-to-vijay-darda-at-leh-a601/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>
*Global Peace Award for outstanding leadership and service to the country and humanity during the International Sufi Rang Mahotsav 2022 organised by Chishty Foundation at Ajmer (Rajasthan)<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2022 |title=Vijay Darda honoured with Global Peace Award at 15th International Sufi Rang Mahotsav |work=Lokmat Times |url=http://epaper.lokmat.com/articlepage.php?articleid=LOKTIME_AULT_20221009_16_2 |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref>
*'Global Achiever' (Best Politician) award at the World Summit for Global Achievers 2022 ceremony organised at Satyagrah Hall in Raj Ghat, New Delhi,<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2022 |title=Vijay Darda Honoured with Global Achievers Award |work=Lokmat Times |url=http://epaper.lokmat.com/articlepage.php?articleid=LOKTIME_NPLT_20221019_2_5 |access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
*Kakasaheb Purandare Award for recognition of his outstanding contributions to journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lokmat ePaper: Marathi News Paper {{!}} Online English, Hindi & Marathi Paper {{!}} Daily News ePaper{{!}} Today's News Papers {{!}} लोकमत वृत्तपत्रे |url=https://epaper.lokmat.com/articlepage.php?articleid=LOKTIME_NPLT_20250317_5_12 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=epaper.lokmat.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070810162840/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=155 Profile on Rajya Sabha website]

{{Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra for term 2010-2016|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Darda, Vijay J.}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Darda family]]

Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945

2026-03-25T21:16:28Z

Md Rifat:

{{Short description|Indian federal government rules}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1945
|legislature =
|image =
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|long_title =
|citation =
|territorial_extent = [[India]]
|enacted_by =
|date_passed = 1940
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|committee_report =
|amended_by = 1955, 1964, 1972, 1982, 1986, 1995
|repeals =
|related_legislation =
|summary = An act to regulate import, manufacture, distribution and sale of Drugs and Cosmetics.
|keywords =
|status = in force
}}

The '''Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945''' are the rules which the government of India established for the implementation of the [[Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940]]. These rules classify drugs under given schedules and present guidelines for the storage, sale, display and prescription of each schedule.<ref name="Srivastava">{{cite book|author=Dr. Lily Srivastava|title=Law & Medicine|year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5_TSdG13M4C&pg=PA216|publisher=Universal Law Publishing|isbn=978-81-7534-949-0|pages=216–}}</ref><ref name="Pillay2012">{{cite book|author=Pillay|title=Modern Medical Toxicology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFcHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|accessdate=22 February 2015|date=30 November 2012|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Publishers|isbn=978-93-5025-965-8|page=30}}</ref>

==Schedules==

The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 has provisions for classification of drugs under given schedules and there are guidelines for the storage, sale, display and prescription of each schedule.<ref name="Srivastava"/> The Rule 67 details the conditions of licenses. The Rule 97 contains the labeling regulations.<ref name="D&C Act" />

The notable Schedules include:

* '''Schedule G''': These drugs include [[hormonal]] medications (excluding [[sex hormone medication]]s), [[antineoplastic drug]]s, [[anticonvulsant]]s (e.g. [[2,4-oxazolidinedione]]s, [[ureide]]s), [[hypoglycemic drug]]s (e.g. [[sulfonylurea]]s, [[biguanide]]s), [[antihistamine]]s, etc.<ref name="Guharaj2003">{{cite book|author=P.V. Guharaj|author-link=P.V. Guharaj|title=Forensic Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLemGip2794C&pg=PA327|accessdate=2023-12-20|year=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2488-0|page=327}}</ref> The drug label must display the text ''"Caution: It is dangerous to take this preparation except under medical supervision"'' prominently. Examples of substances under this schedule: All [[insulin]] preparations, [[testolactone]], [[hydroxyurea]], [[daunorubicin]], [[metformin]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[carbutamide]], [[primidone]] etc.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''[[Schedule H]]''': Each drug's label must prominently display the symbol ''"Rx"'' and a red-boxed warning ''"Schedule H drug. Warning : "Not to be sold by Retail without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner"''. It can only be supplied to licensed parties. It cannot be sold without a prescription and only the amount specified in the prescription should be sold. The time and date of prescription must be noted. Examples: [[androgenic]], [[anabolic]], [[oestrogen]]ic and [[Progesterone|progestational]] substances; [[Alprazolam]] (Xanax), [[Hepatitis B vaccine]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Vasopressin]] etc.<ref name="D&C Act">{{cite web|title=Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940|url=http://cdsco.nic.in/html/copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031023525/http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Copy%20of%201.%20D%26CAct121.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2005|publisher=[[Central Drugs Standard Control Organization]]|accessdate=19 February 2015}}
</ref>
** If a Schedule H drug also comes under the purview of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, the drug's label must prominently display the symbol ''"NRx"'' and a red-boxed warning ''"Schedule H drug. Warning : "Not to be sold by Retail without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner"''.
* '''Schedule H1''': Notified in 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-27 |title=Government notifies Schedule H1 drugs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-notifies-schedule-h1-drugs/article5176491.ece |access-date=2024-10-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> this list includes third and fourth generation antibiotics, some psychotropic drugs and anti-TB drugs. A separate register is to be maintained to track supply of these drugs and labelling requirements are of the symbol ''"Rx"'' and the red boxed warning : ''“Schedule H1 Drug-Warning: It is dangerous to take this preparation except in accordance with the medical advice. -Not to be sold by retail without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner.”''
* '''[[Schedule J]]''': Contains a list of various diseases and medical conditions that cannot be treated under any drug currently in market. No drug may legally claim to treat these diseases.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''[[Schedule X]]''': Schedule X lists addictive drugs (e.g. [[narcotic]]s, [[psychotropic]]s<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schedule H, Schedule X and Schedule H1 Drugs - GKToday |url=https://www.gktoday.in/schedule-h-schedule-x-and-schedule-h1-drugs/#:~:text=Here%20the%20drug%20retailer%20has,and%20psychotropic%20substances-based%20drugs. |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.gktoday.in}}</ref>) having medicinal uses that must be kept under lock and key. All the regulations of Schedule H apply. The retailer must keep a copy of the prescription for two years. Various licenses are required for possession and storage of these drugs, including a special licence from the local drug controller.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dey |first=Sushmi |date=2012-09-24 |title=Plan to ease morphine procurement for use in pain relief |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/plan-to-ease-morphine-procurement-for-use-in-pain-relief-112092402012_1.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> Examples: [[morphine]], [[secobarbital]], [[glutethimide]] etc.<ref name="D&C Act" />

Other Schedules and their summary:

* '''Schedule A''': Contains various forms and formats of letters for applications of licensing etc.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule B''': Contains fees structure for government-run labs.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule C''': Contains various biological products<ref name="Guharaj2003"/> and their regulation. Examples: [[Serum (blood)|serums]], [[adrenaline]], [[vitamin]]s etc.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule D''': List of drugs exempted from the provision of import of drugs
* '''Schedule E''': Contains various poisons<ref name="Guharaj2003"/> and their regulation. Examples: ''Sarpa Visha'' ([[Snake venom]]), ''Parada'' ([[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]) etc.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule F''': This contains regulations and standards for running a [[blood bank]].<ref name="D&C Act" />
** '''Schedule F-I''': This contains regulations and standards for [[vaccine]]s.<ref name="D&C Act" />
** '''Schedule F-II''': This contains regulations and standards for [[Dressing (medical)|surgical dressing]].<ref name="D&C Act" />
** '''Schedule F-III''': This contains regulations and standards for umbilical tapes.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule F-F''': This contains regulations and standards for [[ophthalmia|ophthalmic]] ointments and solutions.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule K''': Drugs not meant for medicinal use, [[quinine]] and other [[antimalarial drugs]], drugs supplied by government hospitals, registered medical practitioners, contraceptive drugs, and their corresponding regulation.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule M''': Contains various regulations for manufacturing, premises, waste disposal and equipment.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule N''': Contains various regulations and requirements for a pharmacy.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule O''': Contains various regulations and requirements for [[disinfectant]] fluids.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule P''': Contains regulations regarding life period and storage of various drugs.<ref name="D&C Act" />
** '''Schedule P-I''': Contains regulations regarding retail package size of various drugs.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule Q''': Contains a list of permitted dyes and pigments in soap and cosmetics.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule R''': Contains various regulations and requirements for [[condom]]s and other mechanical contraceptives.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule S''': Lists various cosmetics and [[toiletries]], and directs the manufacturers of cosmetics to conform to the latest [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] requirements.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule T''': Contains various regulations and requirements for manufacture of [[Ayurvedic]], [[Siddha medicine|Siddha]] and [[Unani]] drugs.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule U''': Contains various regulations and requirements for record keeping.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule V''': Contains standards for [[drug patent]]s<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule W''': Lists [[generic drug]]s.
* '''Schedule Y''': Contains requirement and guidelines for [[clinical trial]]s.<ref name="D&C Act" />
* '''Schedule Z''': Lists approved [[veterinary drug|drugs for veterinary use]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modifications in Drugs and Cosmetics Act (1940) and Rules {{!}} Centre for Science and Environment |url=https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/CSE_recommendations_modifications.pdf |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=cseindia.org }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Drug policy of India]]
* [[Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940]]
* [[Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|title=Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945|url=http://cdsco.nic.in/html/copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031023525/http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Copy%20of%201.%20D%26CAct121.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-10-31|publisher=[[Central Drugs Standard Control Organization]]}}
* A Review on the Current Classification and Regulatory Provisions for Medicines in Drug & Cosmetic Act, in the light of Present Day Context [https://iabcr.org/index.php/iabcr/article/view/66/64 Recommendations for Drugs & Cosmetics Rules with context of Drug Schedules]

[[Category:1945 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]
[[Category:1945 in India]]
[[Category:Cosmetics law]]
[[Category:Drug control law in India]]

Deoghar subdivision

2026-03-25T03:37:33Z

Md Rifat: Added New Stub

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Deoghar subdivision
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline = Tower Chowk Deoghar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tower Chowk, a prominent landmark in [[Deoghar]]
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.487|N|86.694|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Deoghar]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1346.26
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 795822
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|deoghar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Deoghar subdivision''' is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Deoghar district]] in the [[Santhal Pargana division]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].

==History==
As a result of the [[Santhal rebellion]], Act XXXVII of 1855 was passed by the [[British Raj]], and a separate district called Santhal Pargana was carved out of parts of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] and [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]] districts. Santhal Pargana had four sub-districts – [[Dumka Sadar subdivision|Dumka]], Godda, Deoghar and [[Rajmahal subdivision|Rajmahal]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3120/page/n201/mode/2up | title = Bihar District Gazetteers: Santal Pargana |first= P.C.| last= Roy Choudhary | work = Page 84 | year = 1965 | publisher = Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965 | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref> Subsequently, Santal Pargana district comprised Dumka, Deoghar, Sahibganj, Godda, Pakur and Jamtara sub-divisions. In 1983 Deoghar, Sahibganj and Godda subdivisions were given district status.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/dumka | title = Dumka | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 4 January 2021 | archive-date = 26 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126211750/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/dumka | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Administrative set up==
Deoghar district has two subdivisions: Deoghar and Madhupur. [[Deoghar (community development block)|Deoghar]], [[Mohanpur (community development block)|Mohanpur]], [[Sarwan, Deoghar|Sarwan]], [[Devipur, Deoghar|Devipur]] and [[Sonaraithari]] community development blocks and [[Deoghar]] city are in Deoghar subdivision.<ref name=deoghar1>{{cite web| url =https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Administrative set up |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=deoghar2>{{cite web | url = https://deoghar.nic.in/subdivision/ | title =Deoghar |work= Subdivision |publisher = Deoghar district administration | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref>

Note: The website of the district administration mentions two subdivisions with their names, but does not mention the names of the CD blocks in each subdivision. The ''District Census Handbook,Deoghar'', mentions only 8 CD blocks (4 in each subdivision), and leaves out 2 CD blocks. According to the map of the district, it seems logical that, among the two left out blocks, Sonaraithari CD block is in Deoghar subdivision and Margomunda CD block is in Madhupur subdivision.

Deoghar district has two subdivisions:<ref name=deoghar1/><ref name=deoghar2/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|Deoghar||[[Deoghar]]||1,346.26||795,822||74.48||25.52
|-
|[[Madhupur subdivision|Madhupur]]||[[Madhupur, Deoghar|Madhupur]]||1,199.60||696,251||92.07||7.93
|}
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|14|0|N|87|5|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Deoghar, Dumka and Jamtara districts in Santhal Pargana Division''' M: Municipality, CT: census town, R: Rural/ Urban centre, D: Dam, Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|7|14|N|86|52|0|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1= Chitra | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Chitra, Deoghar]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|21|28|N|86|53|56|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Sonaraithari| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Sonaraithari, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|26|20|N|86|30|45|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Devipur| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Devipur, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|7|38|N|86|44|41|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Karon| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Karon, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|9|54|N|86|35|15|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Margomunda| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Margomunda, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|29|41|N|86|46|49|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Mohanpur| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Mohanpur, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|14|39|N|87|1|28|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Palojori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Palojori, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|14|12|N|86|50|16|E}} | label-pos8=bottom|label8= Sarath| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Sarath, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|23|10|N|86|46|23|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Sarwan| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Sarwan, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|26|10|N|87|28|55|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gopikandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Gopikandar, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|36|2|N|87|4|56|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hansdiha| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hansdiha]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|40|N|87|15|52|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Jama| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jama, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|24|10|N|87|2|47|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Jarmundi| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Jarmundi, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|21|0|N|87|25|11|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Kathikund| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Kathikund, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|10|20|N|87|39|10|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Maluti| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Maluti]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|8|40|N|87|10|42|E}} | label-pos16=bottom|label16= Masalia| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Masalia, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|10|0|N|87|10|42|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Ramgarh| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Ramgarh, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|2|17|N|87|25|20|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Ranishwar| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Ranishwar, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|30|N|87|0|47|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Saraiyahat| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Saraiyahat, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|14|39|N|87|28|15|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Shikaripara| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Shikaripara, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|25|26|N|86|55|2|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Taljhari| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Taljhari, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|3|40|N|87|15|20|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Tongra| numbered22=R| mark-title22=[[Tongra]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|53|10|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Bagdahari| numbered23=R| mark-title23=[[Bagdahari]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|58|58|N|87|6|9|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Basudih| numbered24=R| mark-title24=[[Basudih]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|0|0|N|86|55|39|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Bindapathar| numbered25=R| mark-title25=[[Bindapathar]] (R)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|6|55|N|86|59|51|E}} | label-pos26=bottom|label26= Fatehpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26=[[Fatehpur, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|58|34|N|87|9|31|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27= Kundahit| numbered27=R| mark-title27=[[Kundahit]] (R)
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|55|25|N|87|2|7|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Nala| numbered28=R| mark-title28=[[Nala, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|2|52|N|86|36|53|E}} | label-pos29=bottom|label29= Narayanpur| numbered29=R| mark-title29=[[Narayanpur, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|28|48|N|86|42|20|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30=Deoghar| numbered30=M| mark-title30= [[Deoghar]] (M) |label-color30=#800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|31|19|N|86|38|51|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31=Jasidih| numbered31=M| mark-title31= [[Jasidih]] (M) |label-color31=#800000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|15|36|N|86|39|0|E}} | label-pos32=bottom|label32=Madhupur| numbered32=M| mark-title32= [[Madhupur, Deoghar]] (M) |label-color32=#800000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|16|32|N|87|15|50|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Dumka| numbered33=M| mark-title33= [[Dumka]] (M) |label-color33=#800000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|24|30|N|87|5|0|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34=Basukinath| numbered34=M| mark-title34= [[Basukinath]] (M) |label-color34=#800000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|57|47|N|86|48|5|E}} | label-pos35=bottom|label35=Jamtara| numbered35=M| mark-title35= [[Jamtara]] (M) |label-color35=#800000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|52|12|N|86|52|12|E}} | label-pos36=top|label36=Mihijam| numbered36=M| mark-title36= [[Mihijam]] (M) |label-color36=#800000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|5|38|N|86|42|15|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Karmatanr| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Karmatanr, Jamtara]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|16|42|N|87|13|50|E}}| label-pos38=left|label38=Dudhani| numbered38=CT| mark-title38= [[Dudhani, Dumka]] (CT) |shape-color38= #A40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|15|22|N|87|14|14|E}}| label-pos39=bottom|label39=Purana |labela39= Dumka| numbered39=CT| mark-title39= [[Purana Dumka]] (CT) |shape-color39= #A40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|18|10|N|87|15|19|E}}| label-pos40=left|label40=Rasikpur| numbered40=CT| mark-title40= [[Rasikpur]] (CT) |shape-color40= #A40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|6|24|N|87|18|30|E}}| label41= Massanjore|labela41= Dam| label-color41 = #C42222 | label-angle41=0| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=12| numbered41=D|mark-title41 =[[Massanjore Dam]]| shape-color41=#C42222
|mark-coord42={{coord|23|55|30|N|86|35|0|E}} |label42=Barakar River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42=30| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|5|0|N|86|47|0|E}} |label43=Ajay River| label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43=70| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|24|28|0|N|87|5|0|E}} |label44=Mayurakshi River| label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44=30| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|35|0|N|86|35|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-30| arc-gapA=6.5| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|23|50|30|N|87|25|0|E}}|arc-textB= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-75| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}}

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]] data, Deoghar subdivision, in Deoghar district, had a total population of 795,822. There were 416,414 (52%) males and 379,418 (48%) females. Scheduled castes numbered 112,074 (14.08%) and scheduled tribes numbered 58,649 (7.37%). Literacy rate was 55.58%.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2005_PART_B_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

==Police stations==
Police stations in Deoghar subdivision are at:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/deoghar| title = District Police Profile - Deoghar| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 4 January 2021| archive-date = 30 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201030124441/https://jhpolice.gov.in/deoghar| url-status = dead}}</ref>
#[[Deoghar|Town]]
#[[Deoghar|Kunda]]
#[[Deoghar|Mahila]]
#[[Jasidih]]
#[[Devipur, Deoghar (village)|Devipur]]
#[[Mohanpur, Deoghar (village)|Mohanpur]]
#[[Sarwan, Deoghar (village)|Sarwan]]
#[[Sonaraithari, Deoghar|Sonaraithri]]

==Blocks==
Community development blocks in Deoghar subdivision are:<ref name=census2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Deoghar on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||Literacy rate %|| [[Census town|CT]]
|-
|[[Deoghar (community development block)|Deoghar]]||[[Deoghar]]||288.50||142,966||18.56||7.44||63.24|| -
|-
|[[Mohanpur, Deoghar|Mohanpur]]||[[Mohanpur, Deoghar (village)|Mohanpur]]||362.15||175,845||13.63||10.26||58.66|| -
|-
|[[Sarwan, Deoghar|Sarwan]]||[[Sarwan, Deoghar (village)|Sarwan]]||170.98||90,757||16.45||6.98||63.39|| -
|-
|[[Devipur, Deoghar|Devipur]]||[[Devipur, Deoghar (village)|Devipur]]||266.27||107,015||13.35||11.91||50.43|| -
|-
|[[Sonaraithari]]||[[Sonaraithari, Deoghar|Sonaraithari]]||138.76||76,116||9.58||10.83||58.03|| -
|-
|}

==Education==
In 2011, in the CD blocks of Deoghar subdivision out of a total 1,231 inhabited villages there were 189 villages with pre-primary schools, 685 villages with primary schools, 282 villages with middle schools, 24 villages with secondary schools, 20 villages with senior secondary schools, 7 villages with non-formal training centres, 464 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 1123-24, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 4 January 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
In 2011, in the CD blocks of Deoghar subdivision there were 28 villages with primary health centres, 49 villages with primary health subcentres, 33 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 4 villages with allopathic hospitals, 7 villages with dispensaries, 13 villages with veterinary hospitals, 10 villages with family welfare centres, 97 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Santhal Parganas Division}}
{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}

[[Category:Subdivisions of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Deoghar district]]

Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-24T20:34:10Z

Md Rifat: new - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Lakshadweep {{Small|LD-1}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Lakshadweep/Lakshadweep.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1957
| reservation = ST
| assembly_cons = 
| union_territory=[[Lakshadweep]]
| mp = [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| electors =57,784<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency, which covers the entire area of the [[Union Territory|UT]] of [[Lakshadweep]] in India. This seat is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|STs]].<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://ceolakshadweep.gov.in/stateprofile.html|title=Chief Electoral Officer, Lakshadweep – State Profile|publisher=Chief Electoral Office of Lakshadweep|accessdate=17 September 2014|archive-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114122615/http://ceolakshadweep.gov.in/stateprofile.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2014, it is the smallest Lok Sabha constituency in terms of electorate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/395384/malkajgiri-biggest-lok-sabha-seat.html|title=Malkajgiri biggest Lok Sabha seat, Lakshadweep smallest|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=28 March 2014|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref> [[Lakshadweep]] didn't have an elected [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP (LS)]] till 1967.

Until 1957, Lakshadweep formed part of a constituency in the [[Malabar District]], but it was only in 1967 that its MP was directly elected, having previously been appointed by the President of India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gabriel |first1=Thomas P. C.|title=Lakshadweep, history, religion, and society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_QXAAAAIAAJ&q=1967 |accessdate=17 September 2014|date=1 January 1989|publisher=Books & Books |isbn=9788185016269|page=20}}</ref> Its first MP was K. Nalla Koya Thangal of the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] who served two terms from 1957 to 1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=1652|title=Elections in Lakshadweep|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=3 May 2004|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1223.htm|title=Second Lok Sabha – Members Bioprofile|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1675.htm|title=Third Lok Sabha – Members Bioprofile|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref> Its first election in 1967 was won by [[Independent politician|independent]] politician, [[P. M. Sayeed]]. In the next election in 1971, Sayeed representing the INC was elected unopposed. He went on to win the next 8 elections consecutively before being defeated by 71 votes in the 2004 election by [[P. Pookunhi Koya]] of the [[Janata Dal (United)|Samata party]]. In total, Sayeed represented this constituency in the Lok Sabha for ten consecutive terms from 1967 to 2004.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Press Trust of India|author-link=Press Trust of India|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/lakshadweep-pm-sayeed-to-seek-record-11th-win/article1-11812.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001000326/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/lakshadweep-pm-sayeed-to-seek-record-11th-win/article1-11812.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2014|title=Lakshadweep – PM Sayeed to seek record 11th win|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|location=New Delhi|date=3 April 2004|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> In the 2009 election, Sayeed's son, [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed|Md Hamdulla Sayeed]], won the seat.<ref name="baby">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/baby-of-lok-sabha-is-from-lakshadweep/article286147.ece|title=Baby of Lok Sabha is from Lakshadweep|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 May 2009|accessdate=7 September 2014}}</ref> After 2019 General elections, [[Mohammed Faizal Padippura|Md Faizal Padippura]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] was the MP till his disqualification. He was disqualified after he was convicted with 10-year jail term.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-14 |title=Lakshadweep MP, serving 10-yr jail term, disqualified from Lok Sabha |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lakshadweep-mp-serving-10-yr-jail-term-disqualified-from-lok-sabha-101673659883864.html |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> However, his conviction was suspended by [[Kerala High Court|Kerala HC]], and he was reinstated as MP.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-29 |title=Mohammad Faizal reinstated as Lakshadweep MP |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mohammad-faizal-reinstated-as-lakshadweep-mp/article66674385.ece |access-date=2023-04-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Currently, [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]] is serving as the MP.

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election!!Member!!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[2nd Lok Sabha|1957]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K. Nalla Koya Thangal]]{{#tag:ref|Thangal was directly appointed by the President of India to serve as MP for this constituency in 1957 and 1962.|group=Note}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[3rd Lok Sabha|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="10" |[[P. M. Sayeed]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[P. Pookunhi Koya]]
|{{party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mohammed Faizal Padippura]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===General election 1967===
Independent candidate, [[P. M. Sayeed]] won the first election and represented this constituency in the [[4th Lok Sabha]]. Sayeed was also the youngest MP elected to the 4th Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=1804|title=Bio Data of Power Minister Shri P. M. Sayeed|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=26 May 2004|accessdate=21 September 2014}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=189|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 4,151
|percentage = 35.16
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = A. T. Arnakad
|votes = 3,765
|percentage = 31.89
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = M. K. Thalakakkad
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,319
|percentage = 19.64
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = M. M. Pappada
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 935
|percentage = 7.92
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = C. K. T. Akkarapalli
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 637
|percentage = 5.40
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 386
|percentage = 3.27
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,897
|percentage = 82.02
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1971===
In the 1971 election, INC candidate, P. M. Sayeed was elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=204|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/DY4MgYfe8KxMTLEEvKuR4J/The-explainer-Uncontested-elections.html|title=The explainer: Uncontested elections|publisher=Livemint|date=22 April 2014|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref>

===General election 1977===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[6th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=203|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 9,600
|percentage = 58.59
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 6,786
|percentage = 41.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,814
|percentage = 17.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 16,480
|percentage = 84.64
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1980===
P. M. Sayeed defected to the [[Indian National Congress (U)]] party but still held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[7th Lok Sabha]].<ref name=baby/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=250|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (Urs)
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 10,018
|percentage = 56.37
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 7,069
|percentage = 39.78
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amanulla Baliapathoda
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 685
|percentage = 3.85
|change = -54.74
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,949
|percentage = 16.59
|change = -0.59
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 17,860
|percentage = 88.78
|change = +4.14
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (Urs)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1984===
P. M. Sayeed returned to the INC and held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[8th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=249|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 10,361
|percentage = 54.47
|change = +50.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 8,662
|percentage = 45.53
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,699
|percentage = 8.94
|change = -7.65
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 19,105
|percentage = 86.98
|change = -1.80
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress (Urs)
|swing = +50.62
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1989===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[9th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=300|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 13,323
|percentage = 52.27
|change = -2.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 12,167
|percentage = 47.73
|change = +2.20
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,156
|percentage = 4.54
|change = -4.40
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 25,555
|percentage = 84.99
|change = -1.99
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = -2.20
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1991===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[10th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=327|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 12,801
|percentage = 50.55
|change = -1.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 12,520
|percentage = 49.45
|change = +1.72
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 281
|percentage = 1.10
|change = -3.44
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 25,449
|percentage = 80.37
|change = -4.62
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[11th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=497|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 15,611
|percentage = 51.71
|change = +1.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samata Party
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 14,577
|percentage = 48.29
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,034
|percentage = 3.42
|change = +2.32
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 30,373
|percentage = 89.04
|change = +8.67
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[12th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=269|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 16,014
|percentage = 51.55
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samata Party
|candidate = Mohammed Koya Kunnamkalam
|votes = 15,050
|percentage = 48.45
|change = +0.16
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 964
|percentage = 3.10
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 31,264
|percentage = 85.10
|change = -3.94
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
P. M. Sayeed held the seat and represented the constituency in the [[13th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=265|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 16,113
|percentage = 53.96
|change = +2.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = K. P. Muthukoya
|votes = 12,924
|percentage = 43.28
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hussain Faburikage
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|votes = 542
|percentage = 1.82
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ameer Biyyammada
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 281
|percentage = 0.94
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 3,189
|percentage = 10.68
|change = +7.58
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 30,174
|percentage = 80.21
|change = -4.89
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
[[P. Pookunhi Koya]] of the [[Janata Dal (United)|JD (U)]] party (part of the [[BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]) defeated the ten term incumbent MP, P. M. Sayeed by 71 votes.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General election, 2004]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Statistical report on general elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|page=361|accessdate=30 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|archivedate=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[P. Pookunhi Koya]]
|votes = 15,597
|percentage = 49.02
|change = +5.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Sayeed]]
|votes = 15,526
|percentage = 48.79
|change = -5.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = E. P. Attakoya Thangal
|votes = 468
|percentage = 1.47
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ameer Puthiyathanoda
|votes = 229
|percentage = 0.72
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 71
|percentage = 0.23
|change = -10.45
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 31,820
|percentage = 81.52
|change = +1.31
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]] won the seat and also became the youngest member of the [[15th Lok Sabha]].<ref name=baby/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections|General Election, 2009]]: Lakshadweep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |page=196|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|accessdate=30 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archivedate=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
|votes = 20,492
|percentage = 51.88
|change = +3.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[P. Pookunhi Koya]]
|votes = 18,294
|percentage = 46.32
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = M. K. Lukmanul Hakeem
|votes = 467
|percentage = 1.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = K. P. Muthukoya
|votes = 245
|percentage = 0.62
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =2,198
|percentage = 5.56
|change = +5.33
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 39,498
|percentage = 85.90
|change = +4.38
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
[[Mohammed Faizal P. P.]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] won the seat and represented the constituency in the [[16th Lok Sabha]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Lakshadweep<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|accessdate=17 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archivedate=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU061.htm?ac=1|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135126/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU061.htm?ac=1|archivedate=17 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Mohammed Faizal P. P.]]
|votes = 21,665
|percentage = 50.11
|change = +3.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
|votes = 20,130
|percentage = 46.56
|change = -5.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Komalam Koya
|votes = 488
|percentage = 1.13
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Abdul Muneer
|votes = 465
|percentage = 1.08
|change = -0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = M. P. Sayed Mohammed Koya
|votes = 187
|percentage = 0.43
|change = -0.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Najmudheen C. T.
|votes = 181
|percentage = 0.42
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 123
|percentage = 0.28
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,535
|percentage = 3.55
|change = -2.01
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 43,239
|percentage = 86.61
|change = +0.71
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +3.79
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Lakshadweep]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Mohammed Faizal Padippura]]|votes=22,851|percentage=48.61|change=-1.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]|votes=22,028|percentage=46.86|change=+0.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Dal (United)|candidate=Mohammed Siddique K.P.|votes=1,342|percentage=2.85|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Sherif Khan|votes=420|percentage=0.89|change=-0.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Ali Akbar Konjando|votes=143|percentage=0.3|change=-0.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Abdul Khader Haji|votes=125|percentage=0.27|change=-0.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=100|percentage=0.21|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 823
|percentage = 1.75
|change = -1.8
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=47,026|percentage=85.21|change=-1.4}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing = -1.5
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Lakshadweep<ref name="Lakshadweep Election Results 2024 Congress candidate Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed wins by a margin of 2,647 votes">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Lakshadweep Election Results 2024 Congress candidate Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed wins by a margin of 2,647 votes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lakshadweep-election-results-2024-live/article68210742.ece |access-date=6 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806104318/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lakshadweep-election-results-2024-live/article68210742.ece |archive-date=6 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]] |party=Indian National Congress|votes=25,726|percentage=52.29|change={{increase}}5.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mohammed Faizal Padippura]]|party=Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|votes=23,079|percentage=46.91|change={{increase}}46.91}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Yusuf T. P. |party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=201|percentage=0.41|change={{decrease}}48.20}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=133|percentage=0.27|change={{increase}}0.06}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,647|percentage=5.38|change={{increase}}3.63}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=49,200|percentage=85.14|change={{decrease}}1.05}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Government of India]]

== Notes ==
<references group=Note/>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/lakshadweep/lakshadweep/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Lakshadweep lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/lakshadweep Lakshadweep Lok Sabha Election 2019 Result Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531121035/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/lakshadweep |date=31 May 2019 }}

{{Coord|10.57|72.63|display=title}}

[[Category:Constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Elections in Lakshadweep]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Lakshadweep]]

Shiva Temple, Bavka

2026-03-24T03:53:07Z

Md Rifat: corrected details also and cleaned formatting

{{Infobox building
| name = Bavka Shiva Temple (Khajuraho of Gujarat)
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = gu
| logo =
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| image_caption = The ruined Shiva temple of Bavka
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| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| pushpin_label = Bavka Temple
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| building_type = Hindu Temple
| architectural_style = [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]]
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| location = Bavka village near [[Dahod]], [[Dahod district]], [[Gujarat]]
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| designations = [[Archeological Survey of India|ASI]] [[Monument of National Importance]] (N-GJ-77)
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The '''Shiva temple''' is located at Bavka in [[Dahod district]], [[Gujarat]], India. It is located on a [[Hillock|knoll]] near Hirlav lake between Bavka and Chandavada village, 14 km from [[Dahod]].<ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA184|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=184}}</ref> It was around 12th-13th century and an example of [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]] and ''[[Panchayatana (temple)|panchayatana]]'' style temple complex.

==History==
The temple was built during the reign of the last [[Chaulukya]] ruler [[Bhima II]] ({{reign|{{circa|1178}}|1240 CE}}).<ref name="Dhaky1961"/> Archaeologist [[Madhusudan Dhaky]] has placed this temple after Nilkantha Mahadeva temple of Miani ([[Vikram Samvat|VS 1260]], 1204 CE). But there is an inscription dated VS 1290 (1234 CE).<ref name="prt">{{cite book|title=Puratan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vi1uAAAAMAAJ|volume=6-7|year=1989|publisher=Department of Archaeology and Museums, Madhya Pradesh|pages=66–71}}</ref> According to local legend, it was built by a ''[[Devdasi]]'' (temple dancer) in a single night. It was damaged by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]].{{better source needed|date=September 2017}} The temple was neglected for years and several artifacts of the temples were stolen. The temple is inscribed as the [[Monument of National Importance]] (N-GJ-77) by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI). It was restored by ASI in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/after-years-of-neglect-shiva-temple-in-dahod-to-get-a-facelift/472543/|title=After years of neglect, Shiva temple in Dahod to get a facelift|last=Pandya|first=Hitarth|date=7 June 2009|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2017-09-27}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The temple is an example of [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]]. It is an east-facing ''[[Panchayatana (temple)|panchayatana]]'' type temple complex, one central temple with four subsidiary shrines in four [[cardinal direction]]s of it.<ref name="Dhaky1961"/>

This temple considered as the finest temple of its period. The temple constructed by sandstone is now in ruined condition. It stands of the plinth (''jagati'') and stylistically its similar to the temple at Sunak, though larger in size. The hall (''rangamandapa'') is also ruined. The ''jalaka'' work as well as the curvature of the minor ''shringa''s of spire (''shikhara'') resembles that at Miani which helps in establishing its date. Other helping factors include the types of sculptures and decorations. The dwarf pillars of the hall (''mandapa'') are simple. The roof of the temple is destroyed.<ref name="Dhaky1961">{{cite journal|first=Madhusudan A.|last=Dhaky|author-link=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1961|editor-last=Deva|editor-first=Krishna|title=The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=136#page/68|journal=Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publication-place=[[Bhopal]]|volume=3|pages=65}}</ref><ref name="prt"/><ref name="(India)1972">{{cite book|author=Gujarat (India)|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nx8bAAAAIAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|pages=91, 758}}</ref> The fragments of collapsed spire and the hall are scattered nearby.<ref name="Desai2007"/><ref name="Sompura1968">{{cite book|last=Sompura|first=Kantilal F.|title=The Structural Temples of Gujarat, Upto 1600 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXTqAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Gujarat University|page=173| isbn=9780861862450 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sadhanaweekly.com/Encyc/2016/3/11/Sunrise-Dahod-s-Brilliant-Taluka-s-Speciality|title=ઊગતા સૂર્યના પ્રદેશ દાહોદના તેજસ્વી તાલુકાઓની વિશેષતા|date=11 March 2016|website=Sadhana Weekly|access-date=2017-09-27|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603073821/http://www.sadhanaweekly.com/Encyc/2016/3/11/Sunrise-Dahod-s-Brilliant-Taluka-s-Speciality|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The outer walls and the door of sanctum is filled with carvings of deities and celestial beings (''[[apsara]]''s). They are mostly in 64x95x36 cm in size. It has numerous erotics sculptures, earning it the name, ''[[Khajuraho]] of Gujarat''.<ref name="Desai2007"/><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news-hf/MGUJ-DAH-OMC-khajuraho-temple-of-gujarat-had-been-built-in-10th-century-5015893-PHO.html|title= દાહોદ પાસે આવેલ બાવકાનું શિવ પંચાયત મંદિર એટલે 'ગુજરાતનું ખજૂરાહોનું મંદિર'|date= 8 June 2015 |publisher= [[Divya Bhaskar]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150607225227/http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news-hf/MGUJ-DAH-OMC-khajuraho-temple-of-gujarat-had-been-built-in-10th-century-5015893-PHO.html|archive-date= 7 June 2015|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Preeti|title=Gendering of Art through Religious Symbolism: Mapping Depictions of Feminine Sexuality in Hindu Temple Architecture|journal=Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences|volume=18.1 & 2 |year=2015|url=https://www.inflibnet.ac.in/ojs/index.php/SHSS/article/download/2990/2229}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:0092723 Mahadev temple, Bavka Dahod Gujarat 050.jpg|Entrance of the sanctum
File:Bavaka,shiv mandir at dahod,gujarat india (4).jpg|from north side
File:Bavaka,shiv mandir at dahod,gujarat india (3).jpg|from front
File:Bawka Shiva temple- dahod.jpg|temple from behind and foundation of a former shrine
File:Bavaka,shiv mandir at dahod,gujarat india (5).jpg|Sculpture
File:Bavaka,shiv mandir at dahod,gujarat india (6).jpg|Sculptures of elephants
File:Bavaka,shiv mandir at dahod,gujarat india (7).jpg|Sculpture
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}{{Hindu temples in Gujarat}}

[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dahod district]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Māru-Gurjara architecture]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]

Bhagchandra Jain

2026-03-21T21:32:39Z

Md Rifat: put up the post added tags!

{{Short description|Indian scholar (born 1936)}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
'''Bhagchandra''' ('''Bhaskar''') '''Jain''' (born on 11 September 1936) is an Indian scholar, renowned for his knowledge of [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]], and of classical Indian languages including [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. His career has spanned more than five decades. He is the recipient of the 2004 "Presidential Award" for his contribution to Pali-Prakrit languages and Buddhism & Jainism religions.

Bhagchandraji received his Ph.D. from Vidyodaya (University of Ceylon) in 1966. His dissertation was later published as ''Jainism in Buddhist Literature''<ref>Bhagchandra Jain, Jainism in Buddhist Literature. Ph.D. Thesis, U. of Ceylon 1966. Published Nagpur 1972</ref> in 1972, which has since emerged as a major reference on the topic.

He was Head of Department of [[Pali]] and [[Prakrit]] at [[Nagpur University]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Sacred Books of the East |last=Davids |first=T. W. Rhys |author2=Cowell, George |author3=Takakusu, J. |author4= Müller, F. Max |year=1980 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=81-208-1096-1 |pages=v |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GXo3I4XFxsC&dq=%22Bhagchandra+Jain%22&pg=PR5 }}</ref> from 1965 to 1996, and he served as the director of Parshvanath Vidyapith at [[Varanasi]] from 1999 to 2001. He is currently working as a Professor Emeritus in JAIN Vishwabharti (Deemed University), Ladnun in Rajasthan. Previously, he worked at JRRS University, Jaipur as Professor & Head of Jain Philosophy as well.

Mr. Bhagchandra Jain’s scholarly contributions include more than '''''60 books and 300 research papers''''', and he has been a visiting Professor at universities in the United States, Canada, and Europe. He is a recipient of three Doctor of Literature ([[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt.]]) degrees viz. D.Litt. (Sanskrit), D.Litt. (Pali – Prakrit) and D.Litt. (Hindi) which has not been achieved by anyone else in the world and is a world record. In addition, he is a holder of M.A. (Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology), M.A. (Pali), and M.A. (Sanskrit, Shastracharya (Prakrit and Jain Darshan), Acharya (Sanskrit Sahitya)). Bhagchandra has received several awards and honors, including the Presidential Certificate of Honour in Pali/Prakrit in 2004.

Mr. Bhagchandra Jain served as an editor of several periodicals including Jain Milan, Ratnatraya, Suddharma, Shramana, Nagpur University Journal, and Prachin Tirth Jirnoddhar; and has represented [[Jainism]], Buddhism and [[Indology]] at World Religious Conferences (including Harvard University) and chaired the sessions in the U.S., U.K., Canada and European countries.

He is married to Dr. Pushpalata Jain, former head of the Department of [[Hindi]] at [[St. Francis De'Sales High School, Nagpur, Maharashtra|St. Francis de Sales College]], [[Nagpur]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://jainpracheenteerth.org/ Jain Pracheen Teerth Jeernodhar Journal]

* [https://www.jainsamaj.org/content.php?url=Dr._Bhagchandra_Jain Jain Samaj Online Directory]

* [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2118970 National Library of Australia Catalogue]

* [https://jainebooks.org/authors/2580/bhagchandra-jain-bhaskar/books List of selected books]

{{Modern Jain writers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Bhagchandra}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Indologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]

Kangla Sanathong

2026-03-21T03:30:10Z

Md Rifat: New A Entry.

{{Short description|Western entrance gate to the Kangla Fort}}
{{About|the western entrance to the [[Kangla Palace]]|the eastern entrance|Kangla Nongpok Thong}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Kangla Sanathong (Kangla Gate)
| native_name =
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| logo =
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| image = {{Multiple image|perrow = 1|total_width = 300| align = none
| image1 = The Kangla Gate.JPG
| image2 = Kangla Gate.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
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| image_size =
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| image_caption = The western (outer) and the eastern (inner) views of the Kangla Sanathong in 2008

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* {{langnf|mni|Nongchup Kangla Sanathong|Western Kangla Gate|break=yes}}
* {{langnf|mni|Nongchup Sanathong|Western Gate|links=no|break=yes}}
| etymology = Golden door of the [[Kangla]]
| status =
| cancelled =
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| architectural_style = [[Meitei architecture]]
| classification =
| location = [[Kangla Fort]], [[Imphal West district]], [[Manipur]]
| address = [[Kangla Fort]], [[Imphal West district]], [[Manipur]]
| location_city = [[Imphal]]
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* {{flagicon image|Flag of Manipur.svg}} [[Manipur Kingdom]] (historical)
* {{IND}} (present)
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The {{langnf|mni|'''Kangla Sanathong'''|The Royal Entrance to the [[Kangla]]}}, also known as the '''Kangla Gate'''{{efn|It is also known "Kangla Gate" because it is the most popular one among all the gates of the [[Kangla]].}}, is the western entrance gate to the [[Kangla Fort]] in [[Imphal West district]] of {{langnf|mni|[[Kangleipak]]|[[Manipur]]}}.

== Etymology ==
In [[Meitei language]] (officially called [[Manipuri language]]), "Sanathong" ({{langx|mni|ꯁꯅꯊꯣꯡ}}) literally means "the golden door",<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Muthukumaraswamy |first1=M. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsrgg1Mel8UC&q=sanathong+golden+door&pg=PA69 |title=Folklore, Public Sphere, and Civil Society |last2=Kaushal |first2=Molly |date=2004 |publisher=NFSC www.indianfolklore.org |isbn=978-81-901481-4-6 |pages=69 |language=en}}</ref> in which "sanā" ({{langx|mni|ꯁꯅꯥ}}) means [[gold]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary (Meaning of "Sanā") |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5&searchhws=yes |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[ University of Chicago]]}}</ref> and "thong" ({{langx|mni|ꯊꯣꯡ}}) means [[door]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary (Meaning of "Thong") |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=Door+%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1&matchtype=default |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[ University of Chicago]]}}</ref>
== Developments ==
=== LED display board ===
During June 2019, [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], launched an [[LED]] [[display board]] at the Kangla Western Gate. Operated by the ''"Leibak Information Technology Pvt Ltd, Khurai Thoidingjam Leikai"'', the LED board displays advertisements and information about the [[Kangla]] and other news.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samom |first=Sobhapati |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur chief minister leads mass plantation drive at Kangla Fort |url=http://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur-chief-minister-leads-mass-plantation-drive-at-kangla-fort.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US |quote=N Biren Singh also launched an LED display board run by Leibak Information Technology Pvt Ltd, Khurai Thoidingjam Leikai at the western gate of Kangla. The LED board will display advertisement and information related to Kangla and other information including news.}}</ref>
=== Statue of King Nara Singh ===
{{Main|Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh}}
On 15 June 2022, the [[Government of Manipur]], led by Chief Minister [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], unveiled the [[bronze]] [[statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]], built at the Kangla western entrance gate in [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharaja Narasingh's bronze statue unveiled: 29th aug14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..290814.aug14 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipur CM unveils statue of King Narasingh |work=uniindia.com |url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/development-manipur-king-narasingh/2758472.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-15 |title=Meidingu Narasingh statue unvieled |work=Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2022/06/15/meidingu-narasingh-statue-unvieled/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugurated a statue of the then king of Manipur, Nara Singh at Kangla |url=https://www.citizenradio.in/2022/06/inaugurated-statue-of-then-king-of.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Citizen Radio Manipur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CM inaugurates Andro infrastructure, unveils Narasingh's statue: 16th jun22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=6..160622.jun22 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Replicas ==
During June 2017, the [[Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya]] (IGRMS) of [[Bhopal]] built a [[replica]] of the Kangla Gate. To revitalise the vanishing but valuable cultural traditions, the IGRMS museum added the "Kangla Gate" in the entrance gate of the Open-air Exhibition Tribal Habitat of the museum. The grand Kangla Gate in IGRMS was crafted by a group of seven traditional artisans from [[Manipur]] led by Ibomcha Meitei.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=Kangla Gate of Manipur being built at IGRMS |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/kangla-gate-of-manipur-being-built-at-igrms.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref>
According to ''"[[The Free Press Journal]]"'', the number of traditional artisans was fifteen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhopal: Manipuri 'Kangla Gate' coming up at IGRMS |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-manipuri-kangla-gate-coming-up-at-igrms |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Exhibition ==
During October 2021, a model of the Kangla Sanathong (Royal Kangla Gate) was exhibited in the 72nd online exhibition series of the [[Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya]] (IGRMS). Kept in the Tribal Habitat Open Air Exhibition of the IGRMS museum, it was displayed online with the informative descriptions including photographs and videos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=IGRMS exhibits Royal Kangla Gate 'Kangla Sanathong' in 72nd online exhibition series |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/igrms-exhibits-royal-kangla-gate----kangla-sanathong----in-72nd-online-exhibition-series.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref>
== Flag off events ==
=== Night Plaza – Imphal Evenings ===
During October 2017, at the western Kangla Gate, [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], opened the first evening of ''"Imphal Evenings"'', a [[Nightclub|night plaza]] in [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=KanglaOnline |title=Imphal comes alive to Night Plaza on first evening ! – KanglaOnline |date=3 October 2017 |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2017/10/imphal-comes-alive-to-night-plaza-on-first-evening/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Seven-nation tour ===
In August 2019, in the Western Kangla Gate, [[Karam Shyam]], the ''Consumer Affairs Food And Public Distribution Minister'' of the [[Government of Manipur]], flagged off the international cycling trek of ''Ji Ingobi Chongtham'', a 21 year old cyclist of [[Manipur]], for his 220-day seven-nation tour of different [[South Asia]]n countries, including [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur cyclist on seven-nation tour |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/manipur-cyclist-on-seven-nation-tour/cid/1695779 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref>
=== E-Rickshaw roadshow ===
On 19 June 2022, [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], flagged off an [[Electric rickshaw|E-Rickshaw]] roadshow at Western Gate of Kangla in [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Manipur CM N Biren Singh Flagged off an E-Rickshaw Roadshow at Western Gate of Kangla in ... |website=LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/india/news/manipur-cm-n-biren-singh-flagged-off-an-e-rickshaw-roadshow-at-western-gate-of-kangla-in-latest-tweet-by-ani-3847002.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Relief Assistance & Disaster Response Team ===
On 27 June 2022, at the Kangla gate, [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], flagged off the ''"Relief Assistance & Disaster Response Team"'' for the flood-affected people of [[Assam]]. Along with the relief materials consisting of 135 quintals of [[rice]], 102 bags of [[dal]], 120 bags of [[salt]], 120 boxes of [[mustard oil]], 40 personnels of ''State Disaster Response Force'' (SDRF) were also sent for rescue operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur CM Flags-Off Relief Assistance & Disaster Response Team For Flood-Hit Assam – Northeast Today |date=27 June 2022 |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2022/06/27/manipur-cm-flags-off-relief-assistance-disaster-response-team-for-flood-hit-assam/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Social and religious functions ==
=== Interfaith prayer event ===
On 7 June 2021, at the Western Kangla Gate, an interfaith prayer event was organised under the supervision of [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], to attain divine healings and protections from [[COVID-19]] in [[Manipur]].
The prayer event was participated by the representatives from [[Sanamahism]] (''Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board''), [[Christianity]] (''Archbishop Most Rev. Dominic Lumon'', ''All Manipur Christian Organisation''), [[Hinduism]] (''priests from [[Shree Shree Govindajee Temple]] Board''), [[Islam]] (''Jamiat-Ul-Ulema''), [[Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak]], [[Sikhism]] (''Giani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee''), [[Jainism]] (''Shree Digambar Jain Samaj'') and [[Kabui|Kabui religion]] (''Kabui Poupei Chapriak Fom'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajit |first=Sh |title=Interfaith prayer to heal from Covid-19 held at Kangla Gate - Imphal Times |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/20616-interfaith-prayer-to-heal-from-covid-19-held-at-kangla-gate |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.imphaltimes.com |date=7 June 2021 |publisher= |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=THJ News |date=2021-06-07 |title=Interfaith prayer to heal from COVID-19 held at Kangla Gate |url=https://thehillsjournal.com/2021/06/07/interfaith-prayer-to-heal-from-covid-19-held-at-kangla-gate/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=The Hills Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927050535/https://thehillsjournal.com/2021/06/07/interfaith-prayer-to-heal-from-covid-19-held-at-kangla-gate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Yaoshang torch lit up events ===
{{See|Yaoshang}}
{{Multiple image|perrow = 1|total_width = 300
| image1 = Visiting the Kangla Fort.jpg
| image2 = Manipur During the Yaosang or holi.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
| caption1 = Meitei horse riders leading the way to light the torch for the sportive festival on the first day of [[Yaoshang]] during March, 2014
| caption2 = Meitei youths coming to the [[Kangla Fort]] to light the torch for opening the five-day sportive festival during [[Yaoshang]] during March, 2014
}}
During the heights of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in March 2022, the Department of Archaeology of the [[Government of Manipur]] allowed the opening of all the three entrance gates of the [[Kangla]], including the Kangla western gate. All the three grand doors were opened because of a large number of [[NGO]]s and clubs visiting the [[Kangla Fort]] to light torches for the [[Yaoshang]] festival. Five representative members of each association and organization were allowed to enter either of the three gates on 18 and 19 March 2022, from 7 am to 4 pm.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-15 |title=Kangla gates will open for Yaoshang sports to lit torch |work=Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2022/03/15/kangla-gates-will-open-for-yaoshang-sports-to-lit-torch/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kangla gate entry |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/3/27/IMPHAL-Mar-26-Only-5-representatives-of-each-organisation-would-be-allowed-to-enter-Kangla-from-all-the-3-main-gates-on-March-28-and-29-from-7-am-to-4-pm-for-Yaoshang-torch-lighting-said-the-offic.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commonscat|Kangla Gate}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei architecture]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Imphal]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Meitei royalty]]
[[Category:Public art in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manipur]]

Paattali

2026-03-21T02:47:34Z

Md Rifat:

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Paattali.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[K. S. Ravikumar]]
| screenplay = K. S. Ravikumar
| story = Chinni Krishna
| producer = M. Kaja Mydeen
| starring = [[R. Sarathkumar]] [[Ramya Krishnan]] [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
| cinematography = Ashok Rajan
| editing = K. Thanikachalam
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = Roja Combines
| released = {{Film date|1999|12|17|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Paattali''''' ({{translation|Proletariat}}) is a 1999 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] from a story by Chinni Krishna. It stars [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Ramya Krishnan]] and [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]. The music is composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]]. ''Paattali'' was released on 17 December 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paattali / பாட்டாளி (1999) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/paattali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217091046/https://screen4screen.com/movies/paattali |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> The film was dubbed in Telugu as ''Narasimhudu'' and released on 26 October 2001, which was a failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idreampost.com/telugu-news/news/snehamante-idera-movie-analysis-19366.html|title=తెలుగు తెరపై ఫెయిలైన మలయాళం ఫ్రెండ్స్ – Nostalgia|trans-title=Malayalam ''Friends'', which failed on the Telugu screen – Nostalgia|date=29 July 2021|work=iDreamPost.com|language=te|access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Shanmugam is the grandson of the rich landlord Kulasekaran based at the Karamadai area in the Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Upon his parents' early death, Kulasekaran transfers all his wealth to Shanmugam and passes away. Shanmugam is raised by his paternal aunt Lakshmi. However, Lakshmi's husband Rajarathinam is greedy about money and tries to kill Shanmugam. To save Shanmugam from her cruel husband, Lakshmi lies with the help of their family lawyer Naachiyappan that the entire wealth is transferred to her name and let Shanmugam grow as a servant in the same home.

Shanmugam is very fond of Lakshmi and treats her as his own mother. Shanmugam falls in love with Shakuntala who is employed in the same house. Kannamma is the only daughter of Lakshmi and she returns to the village post completion of her studies from abroad. While Lakshmi dreams of marrying Kannamma to Shanmugam, she has other plans. Kannamma discloses that she is in love with her classmate Raja. Although not interested, Lakshmi agrees for the wedding.
One day, Shanmugam is sick and Sakunthala plays a prank on him without knowing by making him jump in the river which makes his condition worse. However, Shakuntala saves him, but Shanmugam shivers in cold. Accidentally, they both enter into a physical relationship and Shanmugam promises to marry her. Meanwhile, on the day of Kannamma's marriage, Raja and his parents cancel the wedding knowing that all their properties actually belong to Shanmugam only. Rajarathinam gets shocked knowing the truth. To save the life of Kannamma, Lakshmi requests Shanmugam to marry her. As Shanmugam could not turn down her request, he agrees and marries Kannamma.

To Shanmugam's shock, Shakuntala gets pregnant so she decides to leave the village as she does not want to interrupt Shanmugam's life once again. But Shanmugam stops her and accommodates her in their farmhouse, which is managed by Mani, Rajarathinam's sidekick who was a corrupt person but has just reformed after seeing their sacrifices for each other and feels proud of them. Shanmugam secretly visits Shakuntala and takes her to hospital for periodical check-up. Kannamma also visits the same doctor once and she spots Shanmugam and Shakuntala together. Kannamma feels heartbroken but understands the situation of Shanmugam. Shakuntala discloses the truth and speaks in favour of Shanmugam. Rajarathinam's henchmen try to kill Shakuntala and her baby. But she is saved by Kannamma and the baby is delivered successfully. Shanmugam, with a greater upper hand, fights with and defeats both his own uncle and his henchmen. Finally, Shanmugam is married to Shakuntala but begins a fresh life with Kannamma, on Shakuntala's advice and hence the movie ends with a happy ending.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. Sarathkumar]] as Shanmugam
*[[Ramya Krishnan]] as Kannamma
*[[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] as Shakuntala
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Lakshmi
*[[Manivannan]] as Mani
*[[Anandaraj]] as Rajarathinam
*[[Vadivelu]] as Vadivelan / Vadivu
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Olaiyamma
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Kulasekaran
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Ramadurai
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Avudaiappan
*[[Crane Manohar]] as Senthil
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Lawyer Naachiyappan
*Bharath Kalyan as Raja
*[[Vasu Vikram]] as Kalingarayan
*[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]] as Kathamuthu
*[[K. Natraj]] as Rathnam
*Kallukkul Eeram Ramanathan as Rangan
*[[Halwa Vasu]] as Manikkam
*[[Chaplin Balu]] as Kathavarayan
*[[Kovai Senthil]] as a priest
*[[Mahendran (actor)|Master Mahendran]] as Young Shanmugam
*[[Hemalatha]] as Young Shakuntala
*[[Cheenu Mohan]] as a servant
*[[K. S. Ravikumar]] as a flower decorator (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
During the filming of a stunt sequence, Sarathkumar dislocated his left hand joint and took almost two weeks to recover.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Cinema: 1999 Year Highlights |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/1999/1999hili.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306093336/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/1999/1999hili.htm |archive-date=6 March 2005 |access-date=3 July 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] was first offered the female lead role, but could not sign on because of her commitment to ''[[Vaanathaippola]]'' (2000) and was replaced by Ramya Krishnan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have glamour and performance skills too---Meena |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Interviews-meena.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222153234/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Interviews-meena.htm |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=3 July 2020 |website=cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paattali- Oru Kadhal Vasantham Tamil Film Audio CD |url=https://mossymart.com/product/paattali-oru-kadhal-vasantham-tamil-film-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111181603/https://mossymart.com/product/paattali-oru-kadhal-vasantham-tamil-film-audio-cd/ |archive-date=11 January 2025 |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 1999 |title=Paattali |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/paattali/4xlRiX9Zyv0_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703174625/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/paattali/4xlRiX9Zyv0_ |archive-date=3 July 2020 |access-date=3 July 2020 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 33:42
| title1 = Chinna Chinna Veettu
| extra1 = [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length1 = 4:36
| title2 = Kadhal Azhaga
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Sujatha Mohan
| lyrics2 = Kalaikumar
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Siruvani Oothallo
| extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics3 = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| note3 = female
| length3 = 5:08
| title4 = Siruvani Oothallo
| extra4 = S. A. Rajkumar
| lyrics4 = S. A. Rajkumar
| note4 = male
| length4 = 5:08
| title5 = Srirangam Petru Thandha
| extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| lyrics5 = Kamakodiyan
| length5 = 4:24
| title6 = Ulaga Azhagiya
| extra6 = Anuradha Sriram, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| lyrics6 = Kalidasan
| length6 = 5:07
| title7 = Vanna Therodum
| extra7 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| lyrics7 = Kalidasan
| length7 = 4:36
}}

== Reception ==
Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "With Chinni Krishna's stale storyline, K. S. Ravikumar, who is in charge of the screenplay, dialogue and direction, has tried to create a successful entertainer. But how appealing it is is anybody's guess".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=24 December 1999 |title=Film Reviews: Paattali \ Azhagar Sami |url=http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/12/24/stories/09240222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010605003345/http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/12/24/stories/09240222.htm |archive-date=5 June 2001 |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> K. N. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' praised Ramya Krishnan and Devayani for their acting, but criticised the weak plot.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=1 January 2000 |title=Heroines save a weak plot |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QJ1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4745%2C464778 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828163432/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QJ1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4745%2C464778 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "This Sarath Kumar starrer by K S Ravi Kumar is not bad at all. For anybody with an interest in the Tamil character, this is a must see".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Kala Krishnan |date=26 December 1999 |title=PATTALI (Tamil) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec26/revs.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000605031316/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec26/revs.htm |archive-date=5 June 2000 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> ''[[Dinakaran]]'' wrote, "Director K.S.Ravikumar has played much jubilantly by letting two girls in between the hero. The story moves on steadfastly, without any lagging".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2000 |title=Review: "Paattaali" |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/2000/28-1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907235144/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/2000/28-1.htm |archive-date=7 September 2007 |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> ''Chennai Online'' wrote "The film has shades of ‘Padayappa’ and ‘Arunachalam’ in it. It is a role Sharat Kumar has handled earlier".<ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=PATTALI |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov4.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030710152014/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov4.asp |archive-date=10 July 2003 |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Vadivelu won the Dinakaran Cinema Award for Best Comedy Actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards: "Dinakaran Cinema Awards"--1999 |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/28-1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625100834/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/28-1.htm |archive-date=25 June 2008 |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{K. S. Ravikumar}}

[[Category:1999 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1999 action drama films]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Ravikumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Ravikumar]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Vinod Kapoor

2026-03-20T10:19:48Z

Md Rifat: put up new article

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vinod Kapoor
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| years active = 1987–present
| website =
| height =
}}

'''Vinod Kapoor'''  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onenov.in/vinod-kapoor-actor/ |title=Vinod Kapoor Bio|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] cinema and TV serials.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/tv-actor/vinod-kapoor |title=Vinod Kapoor Info Page|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> He played the role of [[Dushasana]] in the Indian TV serial ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' and essayed the role of [[Vibhishana]] in the TV serial ''[[Vishnu Puran (TV series)|Vishnu Puran]]'' and ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]''.

==Early life and career==
Vinod Kapoor first appeared in Yeh Pyar Nahin, the 1988 Salim Khan and Huma Khan starrer. The movie by itself is little known. It was his second project for which he is most well known. He played the role of [[Dushasana]] in [[BR Chopra]]'s ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]''. After this he had a fairly steady job in TV serials, most notably [[BR Chopra]]'s ''[[Kanoon (1993 TV series)|Kanoon]]'' in which he played the role of Inspector Shakti Singh, appearing in a good number of episodes. Kapoor is also known for his essaying of the role of [[Vibhishana]] in the 2008 TV series ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' by [[Sagar Arts]] as well as in the 2000 TV series ''[[Vishnu Puran (TV series)|Vishnu Puran]]''.

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1987 || ''[[Uttar Dakshin]]'' || Anju's Husband ||
|-
|1988 || ''[[Yeh Pyar Nahin]]'' || ||
|-
|2004 || ''[[Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (2004 film)|Alibaba Aur 40 Chor]]'' || ||
|-
|2010 || ''[[Rokkk]]'' || ||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Mahabharat Aur Barbareek]]'' || [[Dushasana]] ||
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| 1987
| ''Chunni''
| Mr. Singh
|
|-
| 1989–1990
| ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series) | Mahabharat]]''
| [[Dushasana|Dushasan]]
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Actors talk about what went into making Mahabharat in 1988|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actors-talk-about-what-went-into-making-mahabharat-in-1988/story-W5i1GX9wqpY25Pijoa1NaI.html|date=6 May 2016|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Play a Salman Khan fan in 'Main Aur Mr Riight': Nirbhay Wadhwa|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nirbhay-Wadhwa-Will-be-seen-playing-a-Salman-Khan-fan-in-his-debut-Bollywood-film-Main-Aur-Mr-Riight-/articleshow/34822993.cms|date=8 May 2014|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1993–1996
| ''[[Kanoon (1993 TV series) | Kanoon]]''
| Inspector Shakti Singh
|
|-
| 1994–1996
| ''[[Chandrakanta (1994 TV series) | Chandrakanta]]''
| Amarjeet Singh / Barkat Khan
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Tehkikaat]]'' – The Ghost Of John Perriera
| Dheeraj Chawla (Episode 48 to Episode 50)
|
|-
| 1996–1997
| ''[[Yug (TV series) | Yug]]''
| Ranjeet Basu
|
|-
| 1997–1998
| ''[[Mahabharat Katha]]''
| [[Dushasana|Dushasan]]
|
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Junoon (1994 TV series)| Junoon]]''
| Advocate
|
|-
| 1999
| ''Jai Mata Ki''
| Chikasur
|
|-
| 1999–2000
| ''[[Gul Sanobar]]''
|
|
|-
| 1999–2001
| ''Jai Ganesha''
| [[Indra]]
|
|-
| 2001–2002
| ''Jai Mahabharat''
| [[Drona|Dronacharya]]
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjay Khan excited about Maha Kavya Mahabharat|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sanjay-Khan-excited-about-Maha-Kavya-Mahabharat/articleshow/1632627753.cms|date=21 October 2001|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Vishnu Puran (TV series) | Vishnu Puran]]''
| [[Vibhishana|Vibhishana]]
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[1857 Kranti]]''
| [[William Stephen Raikes Hodson]]
|
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2004
| ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]''
| Anant
|
|-
| ''Aakrosh''
| Doctor
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Hotel Kingston]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2006 || [[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]] ||Someshswar Mantri Dushyant ||
|-
|''[[Raavan (TV series)|Raavan]]'' ||''[[Gautama Maharishi|Gauthama]]''/[[Agasthya]]
|
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' - Senapati || Hanumant Singh (Episode 25)
|
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' - Nayi Maa || Naresh (Episode 60–61)
|
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' || [[Vibhishana|Vibhishan]]
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Black (Indian TV series)|Black]]''
| Mr. Malhotra
|
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2011
| ''[[Kaala Saaya]]''
| Mr. Malhotra
| Reprisal series of '''[[Black (Indian TV series)|Black]]'''
|-
| ''[[Kahani Chandrakanta Ki]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajendra-vinod-in-car-accident/articleshow/7677879.cms|title=Rajendra, Vinod in car accident|access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref>
| Chandilal
|
|-
| 2011–2012
| Shama
| Akbar Ali
|
|-
| 2012
| ''Sabse Bade Ladaiya''
| Mahil (King of [[Baghelkhand]])
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
| Arafat’s Father (Episode 87)
|
|-
| 2014–2016
| ''Dard Ka Rishta''
| Amarnath Sharma
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]''
| [[Sumantra (Ramayana) | Sumantra]]
|
|-
| 2018–2019
| [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]
| Mustafa
|
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Kaamnaa]]''
| Rane
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Dhruv Tara – Samay Sadi Se Pare]]''
| Maharishi
|
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Karmadhikari Shanidev]]''
| Chitrarath
|
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''Main Dil Tum Dhadkan''
|
|
|-
| 2025–present
| ''[[Saru (2025 TV series)|Saru]]''
| Indravadan Bajaj
|
|-
| 2025–2026
| ''Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahi''
| Baldev Mehra
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1504869|Vinod Kapoor}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-md2FGm9pY Vinod Kapoor on YouTube]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Vinod}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Shashi Wadhwa

2026-03-15T04:00:47Z

Md Rifat: put up new stub

{{short description|Indian scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Shashi Wadhwa
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|30 July 1948}}
| birth_place =
| spouse =
| children =
| field =
| work_institution = [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
| alma_mater = [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College]], [[Jabalpur]] [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
| doctoral_advisor = Veena Bijlani
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Anatomy and Developmental neuroscience
| prizes =
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shashi Wadhwa''' (born. 20 July 1948) was the dean of [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]. Her major research interests are developmental neurobiology, quantitative morphology and electron microscopy. Her laboratory mainly focussed on the developing human brain.<ref name="AIIMS">{{cite web|title=AIIMS Profile - Shashi Wadhwa|url=http://www.aiims.edu/aiims/emfacility/shashi-wadhwa.htm|accessdate=16 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="Neuro Science">{{cite web|title=Neuro Science Academy Profile - Shashi Wadhwa|url=http://neuroscienceacademy.org.in/download/ShashiWadhwa_Oct_2013.pdf|accessdate=16 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111445/http://neuroscienceacademy.org.in/download/ShashiWadhwa_Oct_2013.pdf|archivedate=16 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/womeninscience/LD_essays/347-349.pdf |title=Answers lead to more questions |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111017/http://www.ias.ac.in/womeninscience/LD_essays/347-349.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ias">{{cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/php/fell_detail.php3?name=Wadhwa&intials=Shashi&year=30-07-1948|title=Fellowship - Search Result|publisher=ias.ac.in|accessdate=2014-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/city-briefs--shashi-wadhwa-is-new-dean-of-aiims/945635/ |title=City briefs : Shashi Wadhwa is new dean of AIIMS - Indian Express |publisher=Archive.indianexpress.com |date=2012-05-05 |accessdate=2014-03-16}}</ref>

== Education ==

Shashi received her graduate degree from NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur in 1970 and then joined the Department of Anatomy at [[AIIMS]] for postgraduate studies leading to MS and PhD.<ref name = "AIIMS"/>

== Career ==
[[File:Pranab Mukherjee and the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad at the 40th Annual Convocation of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), in New Delhi on October 16, 2012.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Dr. Shashi Wadhwa at the 40th Annual Convocation of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), in New Delhi on October 16, 2012]]
Shashi worked till her retirement as Professor and eventually the Dean of the Department of Anatomy. She has taught and trained undergraduates and postgraduates of MSc, MS and PhD since 1972 at [[AIIMS]]. She has 67 international and 37 National Research Publications, 27 Chapters in books and has edited/co-edited 13 books and monographs.<ref name = "Neuro Science"/>

== Major research ==

Her major research interests are:

* developmental neurobiology
* quantitative morphology and
* electron microscopy

Her laboratory has mainly focused on the developing human brain. The human spinal cord, visual pathway, cerebellar nuclei and the autonomic innervation of human urinary bladder have been studied to highlight the critical time periods during which these regions are susceptible to alterations in the micro-environment of the fetus that could result in related developmental abnormalities. The studies provided baseline data for comparison with pathological material and animal experiments as well as helped in better understanding of processes involved in the development of these regions at the molecular level.<ref name = "AIIMS"/>

== Recognition ==

Shashi, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf | title=List of Fellows - NAMS | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref> has been recognized for her work with many awards and honors. She won the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] of [[Council of Scientific & Industrial Research|CSIR]] in 1990<ref name = "AIIMS"/> and the BK Bachhawat Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013.<ref name = "Neuro Science"/>

She holds life memberships with:

* [[International Brain Research Organization]]
* Indian Group of International Society for Stereology
* Indian Academy of Neurosciences
* Electron microscopic Society of India
* Delhi Association of Morphological Sciences

She has been a member of the Indian Cancer Society since 1999.<ref name = "AIIMS"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadhwa, Shashi}}
[[Category:Articles created or expanded during Women's History Month (India) - 2014]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Indian women neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian women medical researchers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]

Mayank Anand

2026-03-14T22:58:29Z

Md Rifat: stub - done

{{short description|Indian actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mayank Anand
| image = Actor Mayank Anand's book reading.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
|
| occupation=Actor
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Shraddha Nigam]]<ref name="Ref 1">{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Shraddha-Nigam-Mayank-Anand-in-love/articleshow/9883846.cms |title=Shraddha Nigam, Mayank Anand in love |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2011-09-07 |accessdate=2015-04-15}}</ref>|2012}}

}}
'''Mayank Anand''' is an Indian actor.

==Career==
Mayank's most popular role to date was Dr. Rahul Garewal in ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' on [[STAR One]] opposite [[Drashti Dhami]].<ref name="Ref 1"/>

==Personal life==
[[File:Shraddha Nigam and Mayank Anand at Shalom fashion show.jpg|thumb|Shraddha Nigam and Mayank Anand at Shalom fashion show]]
He married [[Shraddha Nigam]] in December 2012.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} They have since launched a fashion label together at the [[Lakme Fashion Week]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/15-minutes-of-fame-2/ |title=15 Minutes of Fame |publisher=Indianexpress.com |date=2012-03-01 |accessdate=2015-04-15}}</ref>

==Television shows==
* ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' - Dr. Rahul Garewal
* ''[[Hotel Kingston]]'' - Niklesh Mehra aka Nik
* ''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Naaginn]]'' as Vikram
* ''Bombay Talking'' on [[Zee Café]]
* ''[[Saarrthi]]'' on STAR Plus
* ''[[Princess Dollie Aur Uska Magic Bag|Hello Dollie]]'' as Nikshay Rana on [[STAR Plus]]
* ''Na Na Karte'' on [[STAR One|Star One]]
* ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' - Bhediya as Madhukar (Episode 14)
* ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' - Honeymoon as Vineet (Episode 22)
* ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' - Bhai as Anil (Episode 30)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.mayankanand.com Official website]
* {{IMDb name|id=5012030}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, Mayank}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]

Panna Dhai

2026-03-14T22:22:04Z

Md Rifat: added a post

{{Short description|Nursemaid of Sisodias}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Panna Dhai
| image = Panna Dhai.webp
| pronunciation = Pa-nnaa Daayee
| era = Medieval India
| known_for = Sacrifice of her own son to save [[Udai Singh II|king's son]] from enemies.
| children = Chandan
}}

'''Panna Dhai''' also known as Panna Dai was a 16th-century nursemaid to [[Udai Singh II]], the fourth son of [[Rana Sanga]].

In [[Hindi language|Hindi]], ''Panna'' means "[[emerald]]," and ''dhai'' means "nurse" "someone who breastfeeds someone else's child". Udai Singh was left in care of Panna, after [[Rani Karnavati]] committed Jauhar in 1535. When Udai was attacked by his uncle Banvir, Panna Dai sacrificed her own son Chandan's life to save him.

== Biography ==
Panna Dai was the nurse of [[Rani Karnavati]], who was the wife of [[Rana Sanga]]. In 1531, [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya]], the second son of [[Rana Sanga]], succeeded the throne after his brother Rana Ratan Singh II. He was known for being insolent and arrogant. In 1535, Chittor was attacked by Bahadur Shah, causing Karnavati to call nobles and ordinary soldiers to defend Chittor. Those who were forced to leave Mewar or were disgruntled, joined.{{sfn | Hooja | 2006 | p=458}} Unfortunately, the battle was lost, leaving Chittor sacked. However, Rajputs occupied the fort as soon as Bahadur Shah left. With the fort back in Rajput control, Vikramaditya came back from Bundi to rule again.{{sfn | Hooja | 2006 | p=460}}

After the defeat, Vikramaditya's temperament didn't improve, causing him to physically abuse a respected chieftain at the court. In this situation, [[Vanvir Singh|Banvir]] (Rana Sanga's nephew), who was the son of a non Rajput concubine of [[Prithviraj Sisodia|Prithviraj]], joined the court. Banvir was ambitious and in 1536, he assassinated Vikramaditya.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooja|2006|p=460}}: "Banbeer was a son of Sanga’s dead brother, the valiant Prithviraj by one of his non-Rajput concubines, and like other offspring of such unions, held a certain status and recognition. (Actually,‘concubine’ falls short of a suitable definition of terms like ‘pardayat’,
‘paswan’, etc. used for non-Rajput ‘wives’ of Rajput chiefs and rulers). According to some versions, it was Rana Vikramaditya who called Banveer to his court, and subsequently placed the fullest of confidence in him. Banveer, in his turn, waited for a suitable opportunity, and in 1536 murdered the Rana and staked his title to the throne of Mewar"</ref> To remove all obstacles of his claim to the throne, Banvir attempted to assassinate Udai Singh as he was sleeping, however, Panna was alerted of the situation, and she was assisted by a man named Keerat who moved out Udai Singh from the kingdom, carrying him in a basket, while Panna placed her own son, Chandan, in Udai's place. Banvir came soon after, asking for Udai. Panna tried making excuses but she failed in that. The bed was then occupied by her son. She watched as he was murdered by that cruel person. Banvir arranged a meeting of the court and informed the chiefs that both the heirs were deceased. He then claimed his right to the throne and appointed himself king of Mewar. Panna and Udai fled to Kumbhalgarh, where the governor was a Maheshwari Mahajan, Asa Depura, who agreed to grant Udai protection.{{sfn | Somani | 1976 | p=193}}{{sfn | Ojhā | 2000 | p=86-87}} Udai Singh was nearly 15 years of age then.{{sfn | Shankar | 2015 |p=15-16}}

When the rumours of Udai Singh being alive reached Banvir, he called him imposter, but since Udai Singh was around 15 years of age and his maternal relatives from Bundi could recognize him, Udai Singh started getting more and more support.{{sfn | Shankar | 2015 |p=16}} In 1540, Udai and a considerable force from [[Mewar]], marched into [[Chittor Fort|Chittor]] to reclaim his throne. Banvir sent out an army to repel the attack, but he was defeated.{{sfn | Hooja | 2006 | p=462}} [[Udai Singh II|Udai Singh]] was crowned the 12th Rana of the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]] Dynasty. His eldest son and successor [[Maharana Pratap]] was born in the same year.

== Legacy ==
Harshadrai Sakerlal Mehta made, ''Veerangana Panna'', an Indian silent about the nursemaid in 1934.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|accessdate=12 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=978-0-85170-669-6 }}</ref>

In 2014, the then Chief Minister of Rajasthan, [[Vasundhara Raje]], inaugurated the Shaheed Smarak and Panna Dhai Museum, as well as a boat shaped museum at the [[Govardhan|Goverdhan Sagar Lake]]. The museum is dedicated to Panna Dai and her sacrifice to Mewar. The hall also portrays her life; in which visitors will be shown a 3D movie about her.

A national award, as well as a nursing college in Western Udaipur, has been named after her. Sachin Sen Gupta has also released a book detailing her life named 'Panna Dai'.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://pustak.org/home.php?bookid=7743|title=Pannā dhāya : Śacīna Senaguptā ke Bāṅglā nāṭaka kā Nemicandra Jaina dvārā kiyā gayā Hindī anuvāda|last=Senagupta|first=Śacīndranātha|publisher=Bhāratīya Jñānapīṭha|year=2009|isbn=9788126318230|location=Nayī Dilli|language=Hindi|access-date=9 November 2014|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051648/http://pustak.org/home.php?bookid=7743|url-status=dead}}</ref>
There is also another college named after her, Panna Dhai Maa Subharti Nursing College,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.subharti.org/nursing-admission-2020.html|title=Panna Dhai Maa Subharti Nursing College}}</ref> located in a lush green campus of [[Swami Vivekanand Subharti University]], located at the outskirts of the town [[Meerut]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
* {{cite book | last=Hooja | first=R. | title=A History of Rajasthan | publisher=Rupa & Company | year=2006 | isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ | access-date=2022-06-16}}
* {{cite web | last=Shankar | first=Bhatt Rajendra | title=Mewar Ke Maharana Aur Shahnshah Akbar : Bhatt Rajendra Shankar | website=Internet Archive | date=2015-10-13 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.545666 | access-date=2022-06-16}}
* {{cite book | last=Somani | first=R.V. | title=History of Mewar from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. | publisher=Ranka | year=1976 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hr0ymgEACAAJ | access-date=2022-06-16}}
* {{cite book | last=Ojhā | first=G.H. | title=Pratāpagaṛha rājya kā itihāsa | publisher=Rājasthanī Granthāgāra | year=2000 | isbn=978-81-87720-02-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjRuAAAAMAAJ | language=lv | access-date=2022-06-17}}
* {{cite book | title=Vīravinoda: Mevāṛa kā itihāsa : Mahārāṇāoṃ kā ādi se lekara San 1884 taka kā vistr̥ta vr̥ttānta, ānushaṅgika sāmagrī sahita | publisher=Motīlāla Banārasīdāsa | issue=v. 2, no. 1 | year=1986 | isbn=978-81-208-0191-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgNDAAAAYAAJ | language=lv | access-date=2022-06-17}}

==See also==
* [[Bappa Rawal]]
* [[Hadi Rani]]
* [[Rana Sanga]]
* [[Maharana Pratap]]
* [[Moti Magri]]
* [[Pratap Gaurav Kendra]]
* [[Udaipur]]
{{Rajasthanis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dai, Panna}}
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]

[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:Women from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Mewar]]

List of Marathi films of 2023

2026-03-08T20:46:16Z

Md Rifat:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Marathi films}}

This is a list of [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] (Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language) films that were released in 2023.

The Marathi film industry experienced a decline in box-office earnings, with total collections dropping to ₹201 crore in 2023 from ₹268 crore in the previous year.<ref name=":1" />

==Box office collection==
The [[List of highest-grossing Marathi films|highest-grossing Marathi films]] released in 2023, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows.
{| class="wikidiv"
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9fc;"| *
| Denotes films still running in cinemas worldwide
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+Highest worldwide gross of 2023
|-
! Rank !! Title
! Production company
! Worldwide gross !! Ref.
|-
|1
|style="text-align:center|''[[Baipan Bhari Deva]]''
|{{Plainlist|*[[Jio Studios]]
*EmVeeBee Media}}
|{{INRConvert|92|c}}
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Box Office 2023: Punjabi films grossed Rs. 235 crores, Marathi films grossed Rs. 201 crores, Bengali films grossed Rs. 66 crores in 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-2023-punjabi-films-grossed-rs-235-crores-marathi-films-grossed-rs-201-crores-bengali-films-grossed-rs-66-crores-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Subhedar]]''
|{{Plainlist|*Mulakshar Productions
*Raajwarasa Productions
*Prithviraj Productions
*Rajau Productions
*Parampara Productions}}
|{{INRConvert|18|c}}
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|3
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Jhimma 2]]''
|{{plainlist|*Chalchitra Mandalee
*[[Jio Studios]]
*[[Colour Yellow Productions]]
*Crazy Few Films}}
|{{INRConvert|14|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Jhimma 2 Collection: Hemant Dhome Film Grosses Rs 14 Crore In Week 5 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/jhimma-2-collection-hemant-dhome-film-grosses-rs-14-crore-in-week-5-8715442.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|4
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Aflatoon (2023 film)|Aflatoon]]''
|{{Plainlist|*Saha & Sons Studios
*Ideas The Entertainment Company}}
|{{INRConvert|10.01|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=With a budget of less than 4 crores and earnings of more than 10 crores in six days, this comedy film is making waves in theaters every day.|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/budget-of-rs-4-crores-and-earning-more-than-rs-10-crores-in-six-days-this-comedy-film-is-rocking-the-theaters-every-day-4244598 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[NDTV India]]}}</ref>
|-
|5
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha]]''
|{{Plainlist|
*Ideas The Entertainment Company
*Gold Mountain Pictures
*SR Enterprises
*Swarna Pat Katha
}}
|{{INRConvert|8|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-21 |title=Marathi film 'Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha' to get a Hindi remake; details inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-film-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-to-get-a-hindi-remake-details-inside/articleshow/107884667.cms |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|6
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Vaalvi]]''
|[[Zee Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|7.25|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-03 |title=Why Marathi cinema is captivating the youth and how youngsters are making space for its growth on social media platforms |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/marathi-cinema-captivating-youth-youngsters-space-growth-social-media-platforms-9249535/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|7
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Ravrambha]]''
|{{Plainlist|*Shashikant Pawar Productions
*Devi Sateri Productions}}
|{{INRConvert|6.25|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='आदिपुरुष'पेक्षा वरचढ ठरले मराठी चित्रपट! 'रावरंभा', 'चौक' आणि 'TDM'ने मारली बाजी; वाचा कमाई |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/box-office-collections/marathi-movies-ravrambha-chowk-and-tdm-box-office-collection-amid-adipurush-controversy/articleshow/101332037.cms |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|8
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''
|{{Plainlist|{{plainlist|
*Everest Entertainment
*[[Kedar Shinde|Kedar Shinde Productions]]
}}}}
|{{INRConvert|5.68|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shigvan-Kavankar |first=Shweta |date=2023-05-31 |title='महाराष्ट्र शाहीर' लवकरच ओटीटीवर होणार रिलीज; कधी, कुठे पाहता येणार चित्रपट? |url=https://www.lokshahi.com/entertainment/maharashtra-shahir-release-on-ott-platform |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Lokshahi Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|9
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Ghar Banduk Biryani]]''
|{{Plainlist|{{plainlist|
*[[Zee Studios]]
*[[Aatpat Production]]
}}}}
|{{INRConvert|5|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-02 |title=Nagraj Manjule on facing camera for Ghar Banduk Biryani: ‘Would often doubt my acting but had fun’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/nagraj-manjule-on-ghar-banduk-biryani-would-often-doubt-myself-but-had-fun-8642933/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|10
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Raundal]]''
|{{Plainlist|{{plainlist|
*Bhoomika Films and Entertainment
*Rise Entertainment
}}}}
|{{INRConvert|5|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raundal: 'रौंदळ'ला तूफान प्रतिसाद.. कोट्यावधींच्या कमाईनंतर करत आता हिंदीत होणार रिलीज. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/bhau-shinde-marathi-movie-raundal-will-release-in-hindi-soon-know-about-box-office-collection-nsa95 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|}

== Box office records ==
*''[[Baipan Bhaari Deva]]'' set several records for a [[Marathi film]].
**It became the first female-centric Marathi movie to reach the {{INRConvert|92|c}} mark at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baipan Bhaari Deva Box Office: Kedar Shinde's Directorial Turns Out To Be The Latest Marathi Blockbuster, Makes Solid Returns Of 296% |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/baipan-bhaari-deva-box-office-kedar-shindes-directorial-turns-out-to-be-the-latest-marathi-blockbuster-makes-solid-returns-of-296/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Koimoi}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
**It set the record for the highest one day collection for a Marathi film, grossing {{INRConvert|6.10|c}}, earlier this record was held by ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'', which earned 5.70 crores in a single day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-09 |title=Baipan Bhari Deva 2nd Saturday Box Office: Marathi drama grows by staggering 140 percent; Netts Rs 5 crores |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/baipan-bhari-deva-2nd-saturday-box-office-marathi-drama-grows-by-staggering-140-percent-netts-rs-5-crores-1229352 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

==January – March==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%" | Opening
! style="width:18%" | Title
! style="width:18%" | Director
! Cast
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87; text color:#000;" |J A N
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7"|'''6'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Surya (2023 film)|Surya]]''
|Hasnain Hyderabadwala
|{{hlist|Prasad Mangesh|[[Akhilendra Mishra]]|[[Hemant Birje]]|Ruchita Jadhav|[[Uday Tikekar]]|[[Pradeep Patwardhan]]|[[Arun Nalawade|Arun Nalawad]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/indias-tarzan-hemant-birje-bags-first-marathi-film-to-be-released-on-january-6-6632047.html |title='India's Tarzan' Hemant Birje Bags First Marathi Film, To Be Released On January 6 |access-date=3 January 2023 |date=16 December 2022|website=News18}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Tiffin Time''
|Mhalsakant Kausadikar
|{{hlist|Suhani Chavan|Pradnya Phadtare}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Citation |title=Tiffin Time Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/tiffin-time/movieshow/96763788.cms |access-date=2023-01-21}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''13'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Saath Sobat]]'' || Ramesh More || {{hlist|Sangram Samel|[[Mohan Joshi]]|Mrunal Kulkarni|Anil Gawas}} || style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/saath-sobat-sangram-samel-and-mrunal-kulkarni-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-january-13-2023-poster-out/articleshow/95764403.cms |date=25 November 2022 |title='Saath Sobat': Sangram Samel and Mrunal Kulkarni starrer is all set to hit screens on January 13, 2023; poster out! |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128033014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/saath-sobat-sangram-samel-and-mrunal-kulkarni-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-january-13-2023-poster-out/articleshow/95764403.cms |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=30 November 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Victoria - Ek Rahasya]]''
|Virajas Kulkarni
|{{hlist|[[Sonalee Kulkarni]]|[[Pushkar Jog]]|Akshay Kulkarni|Heera Sohal|Mikaila Telford}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Marathi Movie Release Date, Box Office Collection, Trailer, Cast. |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/12/victoria-marathi-movie-release-date-box-office-collection-trailer-cast.html |access-date=2023-01-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Vaalvi]]''
|[[Paresh Mokashi]]
|{{hlist|[[Swapnil Joshi]]|[[Subodh Bhave]]|[[Anita Date-Kelkar|Anita Date]]|Namrata Sambherao}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title='Vaalvi' will be released on January 13, have you seen the teaser? |trans-title= |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/vaalvi-teaser-release-film-will-release-on-13-january-1132072 |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''20'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Sarla Ek Koti]]''|| Nitin Vijay Supekar || {{hlist|[[Onkar Bhojane]]|[[Isha Keskar]]|[[Chhaya Kadam]]|Kamlakar Satpute|Ramesh Pardeshi|Suresh Vishwakarma}}|| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Citation |title=Sarla Ek Koti Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/sarla-ek-koti/movieshow/96202191.cms |access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''26'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Bamboo (2023 film)|Bamboo]]''
|Vishal Devrukhkar
|{{hlist|[[Abhinay Berde]]|Vaishnavi Kalyankar|[[Parth Bhalerao]]|[[Shivaji Satam]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bamboo Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/bamboo/movieshow/96459055.cms |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Piccolo (2023 film)|Piccolo]]''
|[[Abhijeet Mohan Warang]]
|{{hlist|[[Pranav Raorane]]|Ashwini Kasar|Kishore Choughule|Abhay Khapadkar|Namita Gaonkar|Vivek Walake}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Citation |title=Piccolo (2023) - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21881450/ |language=en-US |access-date=2023-02-21}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7"|'''27'''
|style="text-align:center|''Tuch Maza Kalij''
|Balasaheb Rathod
|{{hlist|Usman Nadab|Rahul Chaure| Pawan Maske|Amol Maske|Priyanka Bhalerao}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tuch Maza Kalij |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/tuch-maza-kalij/movieshow/97247163.cms |access-date=2023-02-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7; textcolor:#000;" |F E B
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''3'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Gadad Andhar]]''
|Pradnyesh Kadam
|{{hlist|[[Neha Mahajan]]|Jay Dudhane|Shubhangi Tambale|Akash Kumbhar|Aarti Shinde|Chetan Mule|Astha Thombare}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=Gadad Andhar trailer released; The film will hit the screens on this day |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/gadad-andhar-trailer-release-jay-dudhane-neha-mahajan-movie-1142709 |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''10'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|[[Mahesh Limaye]]
|{{hlist|[[Amey Wagh]]|[[Vaidehi Parashurami|Vaidehi Parshurami]]|[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]|[[Pravin Tarde]]|Avinash Narkar|[[Sameer Dharmadhikari]]|[[Upendra Limaye]]|[[Samir Choughule|Sameer Choughule]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-10 |title=Jaggu Ani Juliet Marathi Movie Trailer, Release Date, Cast |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/01/jaggu-ani-juliet-trailer-release-date-cast.html |access-date=2023-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Dhishkyaoon]]''
|Pritam SK Patil
|{{hlist|[[Prathamesh Parab]]|[[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]|Megha Shinde}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhishkyaoon |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/marathi-movie-dishkiyaoonprathamesh-parab-first-look-dishkiyaoon-unveiled-in-motion-poster-vnp98 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Alay Mazya Rashila''
|[[Rajkumar Santoshi]]
|{{hlist|[[Chinmay Mandlekar]]|[[Alka Kubal]]|[[Mohan Joshi]]|[[Nirmiti Sawant]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=Alka Kubal:Alka Kubal-Chinmoy Mandlekar together in 'Aalay Mazya Rashila', teaser released |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/alka-kubal-and-chinmay-mandlekar-movie-aalay-mazya-rashila-teaser-is-out-141673858612442.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''17'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Tarri]]''
|Mahesh Kale
|{{hlist|[[Lalit Prabhakar]]|Gauri Nalwade|Yogesh Dimbale|Anil Nagarkar|Shashank Darne|Sneha Joshi|Rajesh Nanaware}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarri Film |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/lav-photo-maza-song-of-tarri-marathi-film-released-cast-lalit-prabhakar-nsa95 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Ghoda''
|T Mahesh
|{{hlist|Kailash Waghmare|Archana Mahadeo|Rahul Belapurkar|Vajra Pawar}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghoda Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movieshow/97687966.cms |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Ragil''
|Yogesh - Rakesh
|{{hlist|[[Pranav Raorane]]|Premakiran Bhat|Shivani Kothale|Prashant Bodgire|Akshay Gavas|Sudarshan Bodke}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Citation |title=Ragil (2023) - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26345440/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#FF69B4; textcolor:#000;" |M A R
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0db" |'''3'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Raundal]]''
|Gajanan Nana Padol
|{{hlist|Bhausaheb Shinde|Neha Sonwane}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhausaheb Shinde's 'Raundal' is all set to hit screens on March 3, 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/bhausaheb-shindes-raundal-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-march-3-2023/articleshow/97307757.cms |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Satarcha Salman]]''
|[[Hemant Dhome]]
|{{hlist|[[Suyog Gorhe]]|[[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]]|[[Shivani Surve]]|Akshay Tanksale|[[Makarand Deshpande]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=Marathi Film Satarcha Salman's Release Date Announced; Deets Below |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/marathi-film-satarcha-salman-to-hit-theatres-on-march-3-read-to-know-more-7082215.html |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0db"textcolor:#000;"|'''17'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[I Prem U]]''
|Niteen Gokul Kaher
|{{hlist|Abhijit Amkar|[[Kayadu Lohar]]|[[Sanjay Mone]]|Pratibha Bhagat|Aanand Sarjerao Wagh|Rushikesh Wanburkar|Samadhan Murtdak|Saishri Gursal}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=I Prem U Trailer: As the name suggests, the plot will be crazy; Colorful trailer launch of 'I Prem U' movie! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kayadu-lohar-and-abhijeet-aamkar-starrer-marathi-movie-i-prem-u-trailer-released-141678160019353.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0db"textcolor:#000;"|'''22'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Phulrani]]''
|Vishwas Joshi
|{{hlist|[[Subodh Bhave]]|[[Priyadarshini Indalkar]]|Ashwini Kulkarni|Gaurav Ghatnekar|Vaishnavi Andhale|[[Milind Shinde]]|[[Vikram Gokhale]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Phulrani Teaser: Finally the face of Subodh's 'Phulrani' came out; "Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra" has won the hearts of the audience! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/phulrani-teaser-out-maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-fame-actress-will-be-seen-as-phulrani-in-subodh-bhave-s-movie-141676278499862.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== April – June ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%" | Opening
! style="width:18%" | Title
! style="width:18%" | Director
! Cast
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#246BCE; textcolor:#000;" |A P R
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#76ABDF;textcolor:#000;" |'''7'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Ghar Banduk Biryani]]''
|Hemant Awtade
|{{Hlist|[[Akash Thosar]]|Sayali Patil|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|[[Nagraj Manjule]]|[[Tanaji Galgunde]]|[[Somnath Awghade]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release date of Nagraj Manjule's 'Ghar Banduk Biryani' Postponed; Ajay Devgan became the reason? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/nagaraj-manjule-ghar-banduk-biryani-release-date-postpone-on-7th-april/articleshow/97822837.cms |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Circuitt]]''
|Aakash Pendharkar
|{{Hlist|[[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]|[[Hruta Durgule]]|Ramesh Pardesi}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=Madhur Bhandarkar will make his debut in Marathi cinema with the film 'Circuitt', Hrutha Durgule will play the role |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/madhur-bhandarkar-upcoming-marathi-movie-circuit-141677750812240.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#76ABDF" | '''14'''
|style="text-align:center|''Sarja''
|Dhananjay Manohar Khandagale
|{{Hlist|Anil Nagarkar|Rohit Chavan|Tushar Nagargoje|Aishwarya Bhalerao}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhananjay Manohar Khandagale's musical film 'Sarja' is all set to hit screens on April 14, 2023; Poster out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dhananjay-manohar-khandagales-musical-film-sarja-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-april-14-2023-poster-out/articleshow/97726856.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[School College Ani Life]]''
|Vivaan Suryawanshi
|{{Hlist|[[Tejasswi Prakash]]|Karan Parab|[[Jitendra Joshi]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Koimoi com |date=2023-03-20 |title=Rohit Shetty Steps In Marathi Film Industry With School College Ani Life, Tejasswi Prakash & Karan Parab's Sice Of Life Flick's Trailer Out! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/entertainment-news/rohit-shetty-steps-in-marathi-film-industry-with-school-college-ani-life-tejasswi-prakash-karan-parabs-sice-of-life-flicks-trailer-out/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Urmi (film)|Urmi]]''
|Rajesh Jadhav
|{{Hlist|[[Chinmay Udgirkar]]|[[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayli Sanjeev]]|[[Nitish Chavan]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Urmi': Sayali Sanjeev and Chinmay Udgirkar starrer is all set to hit screens on April 14, 2023; Motion poster out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/urmi-sayali-sanjeev-and-chinmay-udgirkar-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-april-14-2023-motion-poster-out/articleshow/97938006.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Jaitar''
|Ghanshyam Pawar
|{{Hlist|Sangram Salvi|Rajat Gawali|Sayali Patil|Arun Gite|Smita Prabhu|Gayatri Soham}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2022-05-28 |title=Jaitar cinema poster launch |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/maharashtra/chhagan-bhujbal-unveils-poster-of-jaitar-strives-for-chitranagari-at-mundhegaon-in-igatpuri-chhagan-bhujbal-285919/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#76ABDF" |'''28'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''
|[[Kedar Shinde]]
|{{Hlist|[[Ankush Chaudhari]]|Sana Shinde|[[Atul Kale]]|[[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]|[[Amit Dolawat]]|[[Nirmiti Sawant]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Know The Female Lead of Maharashtra Shahir; You All Have Seen Her Rule Screens Before |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/know-the-female-lead-of-maharashtra-shahir-you-all-have-seen-her-rule-screens-before-6111835.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[TDM (film)|''TDM'']]
|[[Bhaurao Karhade]]
|{{Hlist|Pruthviraj Thorat|Kalindi Nistane}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhaurao Karhade's 'TDM' is all set to hit screens on April 28, 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/bhaurao-karhades-tdm-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-april-23-2023/articleshow/97679007.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7; textcolor:#000;" |M A Y
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''5'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Baloch (film)|Baloch]]''
|Prakash Pawar
|{{Hlist|[[Pravin Tarde]]|[[Ashok Samarth]]|[[Smita Gondkar]]|Tejashree Jadhav|[[Vishal Nikam]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Decided! The film 'Baloch', which tells the story of victory of the Marathas, will be released on this day |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-film-baloch-release-date-is-here-paravin-tarde-in-lead-role-mrj-95-3432791/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Sari (film)|Sari]]''
|[[K. S. Ashoka]]
|{{Hlist|Ajinkya Raut|[[Ritika Shrotri]]|[[Pruthvi Ambaar]]|[[Mrinal Kulkarni]]}}
|style="text-align:center |<ref>{{Cite web |title=After 'Ved', 'Sari', Mrinal Kulkarni and Ajinkya Raut's New Romantic Movie |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/after-ved-another-marathi-romantic-movie-sari-released-soon-drj96 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Tendlya]]''
|{{plainlist|
*Sachin J Jadhav
*Nachiket Waikar
}}
|{{Hlist|Adwaita Jadhav|Sambhaji Tangde|Ankita Yadav|Vitthal Nagnath Kale|Ketan Visal|Firoz Shaikh}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title=National award winner 'Tendlya' is ready to meet the audience! |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/tendlya-marathi-movie-release-date-story-know-latest-update-national-award-winning-tendlya-is-ready-for-the-audience-1172272 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''12'''
|style="text-align:center|''Marathi Paul Padate Pudhe''
|Swapnil Mayekar
|{{Hlist|[[Chirag Patil]]|Siddhi Patne|[[Anant Jog]]|Satish Pulekar|Satish Salagare|Sanjay Kulkarni}}
| style="text-align:center " |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-03 |title=Mumbai : Marathi Paul Padhate Pudhe! The voice of Ghumla Ahirani at the Global Khandesh Festival |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-sound-of-ahirani-song-revolved-around-the-global-khandesh-festival-1055938 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''14'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Autograph – Ek Japun Thevavi Ashi Lovestory]]''
|[[Satish Rajwade]]
|{{Hlist|[[Ankush Chaudhari]]|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]|[[Urmilla Kothare|Urmila Kothare]]|[[Manasi Moghe]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Star Pravah on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/CrVA6_yOX22/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''19'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Chowk (film)|Chowk]]''
|Devendra Gaikwad
|{{Hlist|Kiran Gaikwad|Akshay Tanksale|[[Pravin Tarde]]|[[Upendra Limaye]]|[[Sanskruti Balgude]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chowk |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/chowk/movieshow/100255549.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Raghuveer''
|Nilesh Arun Kunjir
|{{Hlist|Rujata Deshmukh|Vikram Gaikwad|Rahul Mehendale}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raghuveer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/raghuveer/movieshow/100247260.cms |access-date=2023-06-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Dil Bedhund''
|Santosh Funde
|{{Hlist|Hansraj Jagtap|[[Sakshi Chaudhary]]|Jayesh Chavan|Aarti Kuthe}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dil BedhundUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/dil-bedhund/movieshow/100323745.cms |access-date=2023-06-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;textcolor:#000;" |'''26'''
|style="text-align:center|''Naad Ekach Fakt Bailgada Sharyat''
|Chetan Sagade
|{{Hlist|Adityaraje Marathe|Aishwarya Daund|Pooja Pardhe|Anil Nagarkar|Ajay Varpe}}
|style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=Naad Ekach Fakt Bailgada Sharyat {{!}} Marathi Movie |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/28134/naad-ekach-fakt-bailgada-sharyat/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=NOWRUNNING |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Get Together''
|Sachin Suresh Dhotre
|{{Hlist|Eknath Gite|Trishaa Kamlakar}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-19 |title=Get Together Marathi Movie Release Date, Cast, Trailer |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/05/get-together-marathi-movie-release-date-cast-trailer.html |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Ravrambha]]''
|Anup Jagdale
|{{Hlist|[[Om Bhutkar]]|[[Monalisa Bagal]]|[[Ashok Samarth]]|Shantanu Moghe}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title='Ravrambha': Monalisa Bagal and Om Bhutkar starrer gets a new release date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ravrambha-monalisa-bagal-and-om-bhutkar-starrer-gets-a-new-release-date/articleshow/98653467.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Django JD''
|Hardeep Sachdev
|{{Hlist|Abhinav Sawant|Gauri Nalawade|Aditya Ambre}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title='DJango JD' first look revealed; film is scheduled to release on May 26 |url=https://www.businessupturn.com/entertainment/movies/django-jd-first-look-revealed-film-is-scheduled-to-release-on-may-26/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=Business Upturn |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''2'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Phakaat]]''
|Shreyash Jadhav
|{{Hlist|[[Hemant Dhome]]|Avinash Narkar|[[Suyog Gorhe]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Phakaat |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/phakaat/movieshow/100127359.cms |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Butterfly (2023 film)|Butterfly]]''
|Meera Welankar
|{{Hlist|[[Madhura Velankar]]|Abhijeet Satam|Pradeep Velankar|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Butterfly Movie |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/butterfly-marathi-movie-release-on-2-june-cast-madhura-welankar-mahesh-manjrekar-abhijeet-satam-nsa95 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''9'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Musandi (film)|Musandi]]''
|Shivaji Doltade
|{{Hlist|Rohan Patil|Gayatri Jadhav|Suresh Vishwakarma|[[Tanaji Galgunde]]}}
|style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rane |first=Pankaj |title=Musandi Movie : The poster of 'Musandi' was unveiled by the Chief Minister |url=https://www.lokshahi.com/lokshahi-ent/musandi-marathi-movie-poster-launched-by-maharashtra-cm-eknath-shinde |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Lokshahi Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|''Umbrella''
|Manoj Vishe
|{{Hlist|[[Hemal Ingle]]|Abhishek Sethiya|[[Arun Nalawade]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-06-05 |title=Everything Releasing This Week In Theatres (June 5th to 11th) |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/movies-releasing-this-week-june-2023-theatres-takkar-siddharth-michelle-yeoh-ashok-selvan-rise-of-the-beasts-steven-caple-jr |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" |'''23'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Vitthal Maza Sobati]]''
|Sandeep Naware
|{{Hlist|[[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]|[[Arun Nalawade]]|Rajendra Shisatkar|Aashay Kulkarni}}
|style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vitthal Maza Sobati Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/vitthal-majha-sobati/movieshow/101187548.cms |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''Aadharwad''
|Suresh Zade
|{{Hlist|Rohit Hanchate|Samruddhi Shimge|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|[[Atul Parchure]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aadharwad Movie Trailer, Star Cast, Release Date, Box Office, Movie Review {{!}} Aadharwad Movie budget and Collection {{!}} Aadharwad {{!}} Indian Film History |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/aadharwad-2023 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.indianfilmhistory.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''30'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Baipan Bhaari Deva]]''
|[[Kedar Shinde]]
|{{Hlist|[[Rohini Hattangadi]]|[[Vandana Gupte]]|[[Sukanya Kulkarni]]|Shilpa Navalkar|[[Suchitra Bandekar]]|[[Deepa Parab]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kedar Shinde's 'Baipan Bhaari Deva..' is releasing on this day.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/kedar-shinde-new-movie-bai-pan-bhaari-deva-release-on-6-january-2023-cast-sukanya-mone-rohini-hattangadi-vandana-gupte-dipa-parab-chaudhari-suchitra-bandekar-shilpa-navalkar-nsa95 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|}

== July – September ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Opening
!Film
!Director
!Cast
!Ref(s)
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#E2F300; text color:#000;" |J U L
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F0F78D"|'''7'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Aathvani]]''
|Siddhant Sawant
|{{Hlist|[[Mohan Agashe]]|[[Suhas Joshi]]|Suhrud Wardekar|Vaishnavi Karmarkar}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Her letter, which he kept for 48 years, will tell the true meaning of love; Trailer of 'Athwani' released |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/aathvani-movie-trailer-release-video-viral/articleshow/101239456.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F0F78D"|'''8'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Unaad]]''
|[[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
|{{Hlist|Ashutosh Gaikwad|Abhishek Bharte|[[Hemal Ingle]]|Chinmay Jadhav|[[Devika Daftardar]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-04 |title=Unaad Movie : Unad premiered on July 8, free to watch |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/586544/unaad-movie-release-on-8-july-jiocinema/ar |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Pudhari |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F0F78D" |'''14'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Date Bhet]]''
|Lokesh Gupte
|{{Hlist|[[Santosh Juvekar]]|[[Sonalee Kulkarni]]|[[Hemant Dhome]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-03 |title='Date Bhet' trailer: Sonalee Kulkarni, Santosh Juvekar and Hemant Dhome starrer is worth waiting for- Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/date-bhet-trailer-sonalee-kulkarni-santosh-juvekar-and-hemant-dhome-starrer-is-worth-waiting-for-watch/articleshow/101450428.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F0F78D" |'''21'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Aflatoon (2023 film)|Aflatoon]]''
|[[Paritosh Painter]]
|{{Hlist|[[Siddhartha Jadhav]]|[[Johnny Lever|Jonny Lever]]|[[Tejaswini Lonari]]|[[Shweta Gulati]]|[[Vijay Patkar]]|[[Paritosh Painter]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-27 |title='Aflatoon': Johnny Lever and Siddharth Jadhav starrer is all set to hit screens on July 21, 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/aflatoon-johnny-lever-and-siddharth-jadhav-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-july-21-2023/articleshow/101303620.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F0F78D" |'''28'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Aani Baani]]''
|Dinesh Jagtap
|{{Hlist|[[Upendra Limaye]]|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|[[Pravin Tarde]]|Sanjay Khapare|Veena Jamkar|[[Usha Naik]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=Aani Baani: The 'Aani Baani' of comedy will meet the audience |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-comedy-movie-aani-baani-141679565822133.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7; textcolor:#000;" |A U G
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''4'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Pahije Jatiche]]''
|Kabaddi Narendra Babu
|{{Hlist|Vikram Gajre|Sanjana Kale|[[Sayaji Shinde]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pahije Jatiche: Dr. Watch the vivid trailer of the movie 'Pahije Jatiche', which presents the teachings of Babasaheb Ambedkar. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/pahije-jatiche-marathi-movie-based-on-teachings-of-dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-starring-sayaji-shinde-drj96 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7" |'''25'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Subhedar]]''
|[[Digpal Lanjekar]]
|{{Hlist|[[Chinmay Mandlekar]]|[[Mrinal Kulkarni]]|Ajay Purkar}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhedar: When the release was just 3 days away, the release date of Subhedar changed again, now it will release on this date |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/subhedar-marathi-movie-new-release-date-is-25-august-know-the-reason-ajay-purkar-chinmay-mandlekar-drj96 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''S E P'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''1'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Territory (2023 film)|Territory]]''
|Sachin Shriram
|{{Hlist|[[Kishor Kadam]]|[[Sandeep Kulkarni]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-08 |title=Sandeep Kulkarni and Kishore Kadam's 'Territory' teaser to release on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sandeep-kulkarni-and-kishore-kadams-territory-teaser-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/102524455.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Baap Manus]]''
|Yogesh Phulphagar
|{{Hlist|[[Pushkar Jog]]|[[Anusha Dandekar]]|[[Kushal Badrike]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahindrakar |first=Shreya |date=2023-08-30 |title=Daddy Dearest |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/MarathiEntertainment/daddy-dearest/cid1693356493.htm |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=punemirror.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|''[[Baaplyok]]''
|[[Makarand Mane]]
|{{Hlist|[[Shashank Shende]]|[[Vitthal Kale]]|Payal Jadhav|Neeta Shende}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title=Marathi Movie Baaplyok: What is a father? 'Bapalyok', which explores this, will hit the screens from September 1 |url=https://www.saamtv.com/entertainment/nagraj-manjule-movie-baaplyok-releasing-on-1st-september-psd94 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''15'''
|style="text-align:center|''Khalga''
|Shivaji Doltade
|{{Hlist|Madhvi Juvekar|Kartik Doltade|Sultan Shikalgar|Roshni Kadam}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khalga Movie Trailer, Star Cast, Release Date, Box Office, Movie Review {{!}} Khalga Movie budget and Collection {{!}} Khalga |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/khalga-2023 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=www.indianfilmhistory.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''29'''
|style="text-align:center|''[[Teen Adkun Sitaram]]''
|[[Hrishikesh Joshi]]
|{{Hlist|[[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]|[[Alok Rajwade]]|[[Prajakta Mali]]|Sankarshan Karhade}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-19 |title='Teen Adkun Sitaram...' What exactly is Bhangad?; The disclosure will be made on September 29 |url=https://www.saamtv.com/entertainment/teen-adkun-sitaram-new-marathi-movie-announcement-in-social-media-cb99 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==October – December==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%" | Opening
! style="width:18%" | Title
! style="width:18%" | Director
! Cast
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87; text color:#000;" |O C T
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''6'''
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Ankush (2023 film)|Ankush]]''
|Nishant Dhapse
|{{hlist|Deepraj|[[Ketaki Mategaonkar]]|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|Mangesh Desai|[[Chinmay Udgirkar]]|[[Shashank Shende]]|[[Rutuja Bagwe]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-10 |title='Ankush': Deepraj to play the titular role in Nishant Natharam Dhapse's action film; Poster out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-deepraj-to-play-the-titular-role-in-nishant-natharam-dhapses-action-film-poster-out/articleshow/102602714.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Aatmapamphlet]]''
|Ashish Avinash Bende
|{{hlist|Om Bendkhale|Pranjali Srikanth Bhimrao Mudey|Ketaki Saraf}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-11 |title='Aatmapamphlet' teaser: Paresh Mokashi gives us sneak peek into a funny love story of teenage love-Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/aatmapamphlet-teaser-paresh-mokashi-gives-us-sneak-peek-into-a-funny-love-story-of-teenage-love-watch/articleshow/103578495.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''Sasubai Jorat''
|Siddharth Dhage
|{{hlist|[[Mohan Joshi]]|[[Vijay Patkar]]|[[Usha Naik]]|[[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]|Asha Birajdar|Shivaji Shinde}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-05 |title=The story of mother-in-law will unfold in Sasubai Jorat |url=http://maharashtranews1.com/The-story-of-mother-in-law-will-unfold-in-Sasubai-Jorat |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Maharashtra News1 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''13'''
|style="text-align:center" |''Daak''
|Mahesh Nene
|{{hlist|[[Ashwini Kalsekar]]|Aniket Kelkar|Sanjeevani Jadhav|Vedangi Kulkarni|Guru Divekar}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-06 |title='Daak': Ashwini Kalsekar bags a key role in Mahesh Nene's upcoming thriller film; Deets inside |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/daak-ashwini-kalsekar-bags-a-key-role-in-mahesh-nenes-upcoming-thriller-film-deets-inside/articleshow/103418772.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''Journey''
|Sachin Dabhade
|{{hlist|Shantanu Moghe|Sharwari Gemenis|Shubham More}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-21 |title=Sachin Dabhade's 'Journey' trailer to release on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sachin-dabhades-journey-trailer-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/103831665.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Dil Dosti Deewangi]]''
|Shirish Rane
|{{hlist|[[Smita Gondkar]]|Veena Jagtap|[[Chirag Patil]]|[[Vijay Patkar]]|[[Smita Jaykar]]|Vidyadhar Joshi}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-01 |title='Smita Gondkar' actress who will romance with Vijay Patkar, is a sensation of acting in the serial world |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/marathi-actor-vijay-patkar-to-romance-with-surekha-kudchi-in-next-marathi-movie-dil-dosti-deewangi-a-a945/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''20'''
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Boyz 4]]''
|Vishal Devrukhkar
|{{hlist|[[Parth Bhalerao]]|[[Ritika Shrotri]]|[[Girish Kulkarni]]|[[Abhinay Berde]]|Pratik Lad}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=The first four-part movie in Marathi |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/boyz-4-marathi-movie-poster-out-know-movie-release-date-and-film-details-entertainment-1207349 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''27'''
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Gadkari (film)|Gadkari]]''
|Anurag Rajan Bhusari
|{{hlist|Rajul Chopda|Aishwarya Dorle|Abhilash Bhusari|Trupti Kalkar}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-10 |title='Gadkari' teaser gets mixed response — release date, other details of Nitin Gadkari biopic here |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/gadkari-teaser-gets-mixed-response--release-date-other-details-of-nitin-gadkari-biopic-here-18010131.htm |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''International Falamfok''
|Dhiraj Dilip Gurav
|{{hlist|[[Tanaji Galgunde]]|[[Suresh Vishwakarma]]|Yogesh Khilare}}
|style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Teaser: International Falamfok - Official Teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/international-falamfok-official-teaser/videoshow/104495380.cms |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#9ACD32; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384" |'''3'''
| style="text-align:center" |''Single''
|Chetan Chavada Sagar Pathak
|{{hlist|[[Prathamesh Parab]]|[[Abhinay Berde]]|Prajakta Gaikwad|Rajeshwari Kharat}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-13 |title='Single': Prathamesh Parab and Abhinay Berde starrer is all set to hit screens on October 27, 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/single-prathamesh-parab-and-abhinay-berde-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-october-27-2023/articleshow/103638649.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Sshort And Ssweet]]'' ||Ganesh Dinkar Kadam||{{hlist|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]|Harshad Atkari|[[Shridhar Watsar|Sridhar Watsar]]|[[Rasika Sunil]]}}|| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title='Sshort and Ssweet', a family film about beautiful relationships, launches teaser |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/short-and-sweet-a-family-film-about-beautiful-relationships-launches-teaser-a-a603/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" |''Aatur''
|[[Shivaji Lotan Patil]]
||{{hlist|Preeti Mallapurkar|[[Chinmay Udgirkar]]|Yogesh Soman|[[Pranav Raorane]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2023-11-03 |title='AATUR' (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 3 November, 2023 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/aatur-marathi-review-3-november-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''Rangile Funter''
|Nishant Dhapse
|{{hlist|Hansraj Jagtap|Rupesh Bane|Yash Kulkarni|Jeevan Karhalkar|Milind Shinde|Kishore Chowghule|Sia Patil|Danny Adsul|Vaishali Dabhade|Arun Geete}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-05 |title='Rangile Funter' is coming on November 3; Finally 'those' four friends were revealed! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/rangile-funter-is-coming-on-november-3-finally-those-four-friends-were-revealed/751142 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=24taas.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''10'''
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Naal 2]]''
|[[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
|{{hlist|Shrinivas Pokale|[[Nagraj Manjule]]|[[Jitendra Joshi]]|[[Devika Daftardar]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naal 2: Nagraj Manjule again ready to connect 'Naal' with the audience; Special good news for fans! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/naal-2-official-teaser-out-nagraj-manjule-reveals-naal-2-first-look-in-latest-teaser-video-141696659521073.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Shyamchi Aai (2023 film)|Shyamchi Aai]]''
|[[Sujay Dahake]]
|{{hlist|Gauri Deshpande|Sharva Gadgil|[[Om Bhutkar]]|[[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-10 |title='Shyamchi Aai' teaser: Sujay Sunil Dahake gives us a glimpse of the story set to unfold-Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/shyamchi-aai-teaser-sujay-sunil-dahake-gives-us-a-glimpse-of-the-story-set-to-unfold-watch/articleshow/104301921.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;"|'''17'''
|style="text-align:center" |''Salman Society''
|Kailash Kashinath Pawar
||{{hlist|[[Gaurav More]]|Vinayak Poddar|Shubham More|Pushkar Loankar|[[Vanita Kharat]]|[[Namrata Sambherao]]|[[Upendra Limaye]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Society - Official Teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/salman-society-official-teaser/videoshow/104817439.cms |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;"|'''24'''
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Jhimma 2]]''
|[[Hemant Dhome]]
|{{hlist|[[Suhas Joshi]]|[[Nirmiti Sawant]]|[[Kshitee Jog]]|[[Suchitra Bandekar]]|[[Siddharth Chandekar]]|[[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]]|[[Shivani Surve]]|[[Rinku Rajguru]]}}
| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=Rinku Rajguru's entry in 'Jhimma 2'! Will Siddharth Chandekar be a Parshya? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/jhimma-2-new-poster-out-sairat-actress-rinku-rajguru-and-shivani-surve-join-hemant-dhome-movie-know-film-release-date-and-details-entertainment-marathi-movie-1222156 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center" |''[[Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha]]''|| [[Prasad Khandekar]]|| {{hlist|[[Girish Kulkarni]]|[[Tejaswini Pandit|Tesjaswini Pandit]]|[[Vishakha Subhedar]]|[[Sayaji Shinde]]|[[Namrata Sambherao]]|[[Bhalchandra Kadam|Bhau Kadam]]|[[Onkar Bhojane]]|[[Prasad Khandekar]]}}|| style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The release date of the film 'Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha' has been changed; Producers told the real reason |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-movie-release-date-has-been-changed/articleshow/105188132.cms |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|''[[London Misal]]''
|Jalindar Kumbhar
|{{Hlist|[[Bharat Jadhav]]|[[Rutuja Bagwe]]|[[Ritika Shrotri]]|[[Gaurav More]]|Madhuri Pawar}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=A bountiful feast of entertainment; Awesome teaser release of 'London Misal' |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/london-misal-marathi-movie-teaser-out-bharat-jadhav-movie-will-release-on-8-december-1229278 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" |'''15'''
|style="text-align:center"|''Pillu Bachelor''
|Tanaji Ghadge
|{{Hlist|[[Parth Bhalerao]]|[[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]]|[[Mohan Agashe]]|[[Shashank Shende]]|Akshaya Devdhar|Akshay Tanksale}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-16 |title=Tanaji Ghadge's multi-starrer 'Piluu Bachelor' to release in Diwali; Poster out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/tanaji-ghadges-multi-starrer-piluu-bachelor-to-release-in-diwali-poster-out/articleshow/102773817.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|''[[Songya]]''
|Milind Inamdar
|{{Hlist|Ajinkya Nanaware|[[Rutuja Bagwe]]|Ganesh Yadav| Aparna Kakirde }}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-07 |title=The pair of Ajinkya-Rituja reunited, will be seen in the film Songya |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-film-songya-in-ajinkya-nannawre-and-rutuja-bagwe-cb99 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center" |''[[Chhapa Kata]]''
|Sandeep Manohar Naware
|{{Hlist|[[Makarand Anaspure]]|[[Tejaswini Lonari]]|[[Mohan Joshi]]|[[Arun Nalawade]]|[[Reena Madhukar]]}}
|style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-26 |title=Makarand Anaspure's New Movie; 'Chhapa Kata' will soon hit the audience |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/makarand-anaspure-marathi-movie-chhapa-kata-will-release-soon-entertainment-news-amy-95-4066541/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|''Club 52''
|Amit Koli
|{{Hlist|[[Hardeek Joshi]]|Bharat Thakur|Radha Sagar|[[Shashank Shende]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-04 |title='Club 52': Hardeek Joshi bags a key role in Amit Koli's next; Poster out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/club-52-hardeek-joshi-bags-a-key-role-in-amit-kolis-next-poster-out/articleshow/104153500.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|''[[Lai Jhakaas]]''
|Babu Bhatt
|{{Hlist|Mukesh Bhatt|Manisha Singh|Neesha Parulekar|[[Uday Tikekar]]|[[Nishigandha Wad]]| Sunil Tawde|Sachin Gawali|[[Bhau Kadam]]}}
|style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lai Jhakaas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/marathi/lai-jhakaas-song-mai-hun-tere-whatsapp-var/videoshow/70603095.cms |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of highest-grossing Marathi films]]
* [[List of Marathi films of 2024]]
* [[List of Marathi films of 2022]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2024/marathi-movie-list-2023 List of Marathi films Released in 2023]

{{portalbar|Film|Lists}}
{{2023 films}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Lists of Marathi films by year|2023]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:2020s Marathi-language films| ]]
[[Category:Lists of 2023 films by language|Marathi]]

Sanaadi Appanna

2026-03-03T22:23:57Z

Md Rifat: put up new stub

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sanaadi Appanna
| image = Sanaadi Appanna poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]]
| producer = Saraswathi Srinivas V. S. Murali
| writer = [[Krishnamoorthy Puranik]]
| screenplay = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|''Kuniyitu Hejje Naliyithu Gejje''|[[Krishnamoorthy Puranik]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]|[[Jaya Prada]]}}
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = R. Chittibabu
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio =
| distributor = Anandalakshmi Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|1977|08||df=yes}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Sanaadi Appanna''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಸನಾದಿ ಅಪ್ಪಣ್ಣ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[musical film]] directed by [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]] based on the novel ''Kuniyitu Hejje Naliyithu Gejje'' by [[Krishnamoorthy Puranik]] which was loosely based on the life of [[Bagalkot]]e shehnai player Appanna (1876-1945).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=ರಾಜ್‌ ಹಬ್ಬ: ವರನಟನ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಕನ್ನಡಿ|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raj-festival-a-mirror-of-the-grooms-novel-films|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Udayavani]]|language=kn|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505142131/https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raj-festival-a-mirror-of-the-grooms-novel-films}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= 'Teachers, do not denigrate profession by begging for awards' |url= http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep82007/district2007090824150.asp |newspaper= Deccan Herald |date= 8 September 2007 |access-date= 8 April 2014 |archive-date= 8 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215618/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep82007/district2007090824150.asp |url-status= live }}</ref> The film starred [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] in title role with [[Jaya Prada]] in the lead role along with [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]], [[Balakrishna (Kannada actor)|Balakrishna]], R. Sampath, [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]], Papamma and [[Maathu|Baby Madhavi]] in supporting roles. [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] made a brief appearance in one of the songs of this film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Puneeth Rajkumar|url=http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717135525/http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8|archive-date=2007-07-17|website=chitratara.com}}</ref>

The film is considered a landmark in Kannada cinema.<ref name="TH">{{cite news |title= When his divine sanadi came our way |url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/14/stories/2003071401170100.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030901014254/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/14/stories/2003071401170100.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 1 September 2003 |date= 14 July 2003 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |access-date= 8 April 2014}}</ref> It is notable for the fact that [[Bismillah Khan]] played the actual [[shehnai]] for Rajkumar's character in this movie.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Govind|first=Ranjani|date=2015-09-20|title=A maestro and his love for 'Benglor topi'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/a-maestro-and-his-love-for-benglor-topi/article7670530.ece|access-date=2021-05-27|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126044020/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/a-maestro-and-his-love-for-benglor-topi/article7670530.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was remade in Telugu as [[:te:సన్నాయి_అప్పన్న|''Sannayi Appanna'']] (1980) starring [[Sobhan Babu]]. It saw a theatrical run of 50 weeks.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dr. Rajkumar]] as Appanna
* [[Jaya Prada]] as Basanthi
* [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]] as Hanumanthu, Appanna's son
* Suma as Hanumanthu/Rao's wife
* [[Balakrishna (Kannada actor)|Balakrishna]] as Ayyanna
* [[Sampath (actor)|Sampath]], Appanna's uncle
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]] as Shivaraya
* [[Maathu|Baby Madhavi]]
* Papamma as Akkamma
* Shivaprakash
* K. Venkataraju
* Bhatti Mahadevappa
* Joker Shyam as Thammayya
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Apashruthi Ayyanna's son
* [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as young Hanmanthu
{{colend}}

== Production ==
Sanaadi translates to shehnai in the [[Kannada language]]. The films deals with the life of a rural shehnai artiste Appannna (played by Rajkumar). In early 1977, [[Bismillah Khan]] flew from [[Varanasi]] with his ten-member troupe to [[Prasad Studios]] in [[Madras]] (now Chennai) and spent nine days working on the film.<ref name="TH" /><ref name="Rediff">{{cite web |title= When Ustad Bismillah Khan inspired Dr Raj Kumar |url= http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/21ustad.htm |work= Rediff.com |date= 21 August 2006 |access-date= 8 April 2014 |archive-date= 20 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131020235050/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/21ustad.htm |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sanaadi Appanna
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 1977
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 35:18
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The background score for the film and soundtrack were composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]]. The soundtrack album consists of seven tracks, which includes a [[Shehnai]] solo played by [[Bismillah Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Sanaadi Appanna music |url= https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/sanaadi-appanna/id850417964 |publisher= iTunes |date= |access-date= 21 August 2014 |archive-date= 8 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140908010129/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/sanaadi-appanna/id850417964 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 35:18
| title1 = Naane Thaayi Naane Thande
| lyrics1 = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| extra1 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| length1 = 6:05
| title2 = Shehanoi Music Bit
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Bismillah Khan]]
| length2 = 3:03
| title3 = Raaga Anuraaga
| lyrics3 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| extra3 = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[S. Janaki]]
| length3 = 4:23
| title4 = Ninagaagi Ododi Bande
| lyrics4 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| extra4 = Rajkumar
| length4 = 5:08
| title5 = Shennai With Dialogues Raga Marwe
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Bismillah Khan
| length5 = 4:42
| title6 = Karedaru Kelade
| lyrics6 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| extra6 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length6 = 6:58
| title7 = Shennai With Diloguos Raga Sindhubhaira
| lyrics7 =
| extra7 = Bismillah Khan
| length7 = 4:59
}}

== Release, reception and legacy ==
[[File:Dr.Rajkumar_Sanaadi_Appanna.jpg|alt=A Dr.Rajkumar statue which features him as Appanna from the film|thumb|A [[Dr. Rajkumar]] statue which features him as Appanna from the film]]
The film made its theatrical release in August 1977. It completed a 100-day run in many centers across [[Karnataka]]. In the last week of November 1977, during the centenary day celebration at the Urvashi Theatre in Bangalore, Rajkumar paid tribute to Bismillah Khan saying, "I just acted in the role but Ustad Bismillah Khan is the real soul of the film. He gave life to the character I played in the film."<ref name="Rediff" />

It has been reported that to master the shehnai-wielding technique, Dr. Rajkumar cancelled all his shooting schedules for a month. The elan with which he handles the instrument in the film is commendable. At no point does he ever resort to exaggerated gestures — quite a contrast to Sivaji Ganeshan, who plays the nadaswaram player in ''[[Thillana Mohanambal]]''. By the end of it, Khansaheb and Rajkumar had become close friends. When the film completed its 50-week run, Khansaheb came for the celebrations here. "You have handled the shehnai to such perfection that it seemed as if you were really playing it!" the maestro complimented Rajkumar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-07-14|title=When his divine sanadi came our way|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/14/stories/2003071401170100.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050518082100/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/14/stories/2003071401170100.htm|archive-date=2005-05-18|access-date=|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Awards ==
*[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Female)]] (1977) - [[Maathu|Baby Madhavi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1399954}}

{{Vijay}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films about classical music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Chi. Udayashankar]]
[[Category:1970s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian musical films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijay (director)]]
[[Category:1977 musical films]]

Kaya Taran

2026-03-03T12:05:09Z

Md Rifat: basic fix references for consistency also and updated info

{{short description|2004 Indian Hindi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaya Taran
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Sashi Kumar]]
| screenplay = Sashi Kumar
| story = [[N.S. Madhavan]]
| producer = Sashi Kumar
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Angad Bedi]]|[[Seema Biswas]]|Neelambari Bhattacharya|Neeta Mohindra}}
| cinematography = Ashwini Kaul
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2004|12|04|df=yes}}
| runtime = 107 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}

'''''Kaya Taran''''' ([[English language|English]] title: ''Chrysalis'') is a [[List of Bollywood films of 2004|2004]] Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film directed by [[Sashi Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Daniel |date=2011-06-24 |title=Beyond Bollywood: India's gritty independent cinema |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/beyond-bollywood-india-s-gritty-independent-cinema-1.1114790 |website=CBC News}}</ref> with [[Angad Bedi]], [[Seema Biswas]], Neelambari Bhattacharya and Neeta Mohindra in the lead roles.

The film, based on the [[Malayalam]] short story ''[[When Big Tree Falls]]'' by [[N. S. Madhavan]], is set against the backdrop of [[2002 Gujarat riots]] against Muslims and [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/08/23/stories/2004082302930400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927144303/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/08/23/stories/2004082302930400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2004|title=When the big tree fell|date=23 August 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref>

The film won the ''[[Aravindan Puraskaram]]'', given to the best debut film-maker, for 2004, for its "deft handling of a theme of contemporary relevance through sensitive imageries, carefully orchestrated sound design and finely etched characters."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/02/25/stories/2005022502842000.htm|title=Aravindan Prize for 'Kaya Taran'|date=25 February 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=21 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Two prominent journalists who covered the '84 riots, Rahul Bedi and Joseph Maliakan, played themselves in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/5061/bishen-singh-bedis-son-angad-to-debut-with-kaya-taran/|title=Bishen Singh Bedi's son Angad to debut with 'Kaya Taran'|publisher=santabanta.com|date=31 January 2005|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924094208/http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/5061/bishen-singh-bedis-son-angad-to-debut-with-kaya-taran/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Well-known dancer and choreographer [[Chandralekha (dancer)|Chandralekha]] choreographed a dance-sequence in the film performed among others by the noted [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer [[Navtej Johar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kayataran.com/behindscenes/chandralekha.htm|title=Chandralekha-Choreography|publisher=Kayataran.com|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070947/http://www.kayataran.com/behindscenes/chandralekha.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
Preet is a shy young journalist visiting a convent for aged nuns in Meerut to write a story about conversions. His meeting with Sister Agatha, a Malayalee nun who manages the convent, rekindles the memories of an incident that took place in the convent way back in 1984, taking the narrative in the flashback. A young Sikh woman, Amarjeet Kaur, along with her 8-year-old son Jaggi, escaping from marauding rioters, seeks refuge in the convent. The nuns give them a place to hide, making the mother wear nun's robes and cutting the boy's long hair to conceal their identities. The young boy gradually settles in and becomes part of the convent life, giving the nuns something to look forward to in their staid daily routine. The nuns refuse to give in to constant threats from the pursuers plotting Amarjeet's and Jaggi's escape. The plot moves to and for in time to reveal how Preet makes peace with his troubled past while reclaiming the outward symbol of his identity. The film concludes by showing Preet wearing a turban.<ref name=Indiatimes>{{cite web|url=http://info.indiatimes.com/1984/5.html|title=Exorcising Ghosts of the Past|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115091456/http://www1.info.indiatimes.com/1984/5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chaosmag.in/sashikumar.html|title=Kaya Taran|publisher=Chaosmag|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202255/http://www.chaosmag.in/sashikumar.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Seema Biswas]] as Sister Agatha
* [[Angad Bedi]] as Preet
* Neelambari Bhattacharya as Jaggi
* Neeta Mohindra as Amarjeet, Jaggi's mother
* Soman Nambiar as Father Thomas <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug292004/ac1.asp |title=Donning the role of a director - Deccan Herald |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202011503/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug292004/ac1.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Bhanu Rao
* Vani Subbanna
* Poonam Vasudev
* Joy Michael
* Lakshmi Fenn
* Rhava
* Stephanie Pollock
* Kalindhi Deshpande
* Kitty Menon

==Reception==
Praising Sashi Kumar's subtle handling, Soumya Menon wrote in ''India Times'', "Instead of the high-pitched Hindu-Muslim divide, he decided to stage the dilemmas of conversion on the reverberations that followed in the wake of massacre of the Sikh community. Nor did he draw on the horror and gore of the riots or the Khalistan movement to add spice. Sashi instead introspects into the epistemology of communal conversions and questions the relevance of the very religious identity that sparks such anger and outrage."<ref name=Indiatimes/>

Nirupama Dutt writing in ''The Tribune'' called it "poetic translation on celluloid of N.S. Madhavan’s story."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040725/spectrum/main5.htm|title=Love in the times of riots|date=25 July 2004|work=The Tribune|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref>

"The techno-magical potential of cinema gets full play in ''Kaya Taran''," wrote Sadanand Menon reviewing the film in ''The Hindu'', while praising it for striking "a fine balance between menace and tenderness".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/07/16/stories/2004071602492000.htm|title=Big trees, little shoots |date=16 July 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=21 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Amit Sengupta writing in ''Tehelka'' called it a "surrealist film" praising "nuanced performance" by Seema Biswas, Angad Bedi, Neelambari Bhattacharya and the women in the old women’s home. "Even those who are speechless, excel in their silence," he wrote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main6.asp?filename=hub090404memory_of.asp|title=Memory of fear revisited|date=4 September 2004|publisher=Tehelka|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122617/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main6.asp?filename=hub090404memory_of.asp|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0470399}}
* [http://www.kayataran.com/ Official Web site of ''Kaya Taran'']*

[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Films based on the 1984 anti-Sikh riots]]

Udhayam NH4

2026-03-03T03:29:10Z

Md Rifat: put up a entry

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Manimaran}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Udhayam NH4
| image = Udhayam NH4 poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| director = [[Manimaran]]
| writer = [[Vetrimaaran]] '''(dialogue)'''
| screenplay = [[Vetrimaaran]] [[Manimaran]]
| story = [[Vetrimaaran]]
| producer = [[Dayanidhi Azhagiri]] [[Vetrimaaran]] '''(creative producer)'''
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]|[[Ashrita Shetty]]|[[Kay Kay Menon]]}}
| cinematography = [[Velraj]]
| editing = [[Kishore Te.]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| studio = [[Dayanidhi Azhagiri|Meeka Entertainment]] [[Grass Root Film Company]]
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|04|19}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2015 |title=Vetrimaaran and Prakash Raj clash |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/vetrimaaran-and-prakash-raj-clash-vetri-maaran-prakash-raj-07-04-13.html |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|80|m}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}
| gross =
}}

'''''Udhayam NH4''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by debutant [[Manimaran]],<ref name="udhred">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2013|title=Udhayam NH 4 is a romantic thriller|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-udhayam-nh-4is-a-romantic-thriller/20130416.htm|access-date=16 April 2013|publisher=|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> a former associate of [[Vetrimaaran]]. The film stars [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] and newcomer [[Ashrita Shetty]]. [[Vetrimaaran]] wrote the script, did the screenplay, and penned the dialogues for this film. The story takes place in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]].<ref name="udhred" /> The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2012 |title=Siddharth resumes shooting for NH 4 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-18/news-interviews/33260649_1_siddharth-vetrimaaran-nh4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051538/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-18/news-interviews/33260649_1_siddharth-vetrimaaran-nh4 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=17 November 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film released along with a dubbed [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version titled NH4 on 19 April 2013.

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|September 2025|date=September 2025}}
Prabhu falls in love with Rithika, his classmate, who reciprocates his feelings, but are separated after Rithika's father disapproves of their relationship. Prabhu, lovelorn, discusses the [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|route from Bangalore to Chennai]] with his friends and plan to kidnap Rithika to elope. Meanwhile, Rithika's father, Avinash Patel, appoints encounter specialist ACP Manoj Menon IPS, who questions Rithika's male friend Deepak about Prabhu. Deepak claims that Prabhu is a drug addict and was always trying to woo Rithika, who started to avoid him because of Prabhu. After that, the plot continues when Manoj tries to track Prabhu and his friends. In the attempt, they track down a message from another friend named Umesh, asking Prabhu and friends to come to [[Bangarpet]] bus stand, only to find Manoj and his team arresting the guy for more information. Manoj goes to a railway station where the train in which Prabhu and Rithika are travelling to Chennai via [[Kuppam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He finds Rithika and forcefully drags her into his jeep.

As the flashback winds again (this time by Rithika), she fell for Prabhu after seeing him on many instances showing his presence of mind. As the flashback ends, Manoj finds Prabhu on the highway, where he does not stop until he runs over pieces of glass put down by Prabhu. They get into a brawl where Prabhu loses, and Manoj continues in the highway but has to stop in a railway signal at [[kolar Gold Fields|Andhra Pradesh-Karnataka border]]. Prabhu takes his chance and threatens Manoj, keeping his throat under a blade and taking Rithika with him. After a cat and mouse chase, Manoj calls Prabhu, saying that his friend needs immediate treatment after an accident. He goes in search of Manoj and involves in a fight with him again. Now, after the stroke of midnight, Rithika turns 18, giving her the right for choosing her partner. After that, Manoj leaves the highway, as he could not do anymore, according to the law.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] as Prabhu
*[[Ashrita Shetty]] as Rithika
*[[Kay Kay Menon]] as Manoj Menon IPS, Assistant Commissioner of Police
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Avinash Patel, Rithika's father
*[[Aadukalam Naren]] as Prabhu's brother-in-law
*Surekha Vani as Prabhu's sister
*[[Kaali Venkat]] as Constable Anbu
*Karthik Sabesh as Karthik
*Deepak as Deepak
*[[Achyuth Kumar]] as Politician
*Yash Bhothra as Umesh
*Ajay as Ajay
*Rohit Balaiah
*P. Kalaivanan
*[[Gaana Bala]] in a special appearance
*[[Deepa Venkat]] as Manoj Menon's wife (voice only)
{{colend}}

== Production ==
While working with [[Balu Mahendra]] for ''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'' (2005), producer Vetrimaaran prepared a script for [[Dhanush]], who was the lead hero of the film he worked on, and Dhanush immediately accepted the offer after hearing the story. The film titled was ''Desiya Nedunchalai 47'' was initially launched with [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] as the music director and [[Ekambaram]] as the cinematographer.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} However, he found trouble finding producers with [[A. M. Rathnam]] and Salem Chandrasekhar leaving the project after initial interest, Dhanush's sister Dr. Vimala Geetha agreed to produce the film, but she also dropped the film. Dhanush's father [[Kasthuri Raja]] finally agreed to produce the film, and [[Kirat Bhattal]] was signed as heroine, while [[Harris Jayaraj]] was selected as music director. However, after two days of shoot, the film was shelved, and Dhanush opted to pursue other films after the surprise success of his ''[[Thiruvilayadal Arambam]]'' (2006).<ref name="bwd">{{Cite web |title=Vetrimaran — Tamil Cinema Director Interview|url=http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/director-interview/vetrimaran.html|access-date=17 April 2012|website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The film's collapse saw Vetrimaaran approach producer Kadiresan and narrated to him the stories he had prepared, but the producer did not like ''Desiya Nedunchaalai 47'', but later agreed to work on another project titled ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]''.

Vetrimaaran restarted the film as a creative producer with [[Dayanidhi Azhagiri]], and chose to give the script to debutant director [[Manimaran|Manimaaran]], who was initially nervous to take over a script by a National film winner.<ref name="udhred" /> The team tried to re-take the title ''Desiya Nedunchalai'', but this name was already registered by [[Srinivasan (actor)|Dr. Srinivasan]], which hence led to the renaming of the title to ''Udhayam NH4''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Powerstar makes Vetrimaaran change |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/powerstar-makes-vetrimaaran-change-vetrimaaran-udhayam-nh4-27-01-13.html |access-date=14 February 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> [[Cloud Nine Movies]] approached [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] for the lead role, who immediately accepted it.<ref name="udhred" /> [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], who was initially approached for a role in 2006, was re-approached but was unable to commit dates for the film. Subsequently [[Kay Kay Menon]], who Vetrimaaran had been discussing a role in his next film ''Vada Chennai'' with, was signed on to play a pivotal role in the film. Debut actress [[Ashrita Shetty]] was selected to play the lead female role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siddharth completes NH4 movie climax |url=http://timesofap.com/cinema/siddharth-completes-nh4-movie-climax.html |access-date=14 February 2013 |publisher=Times of AP}}</ref> [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]] was signed to appear in a cameo appearance in the film but eventually did not feature.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2012 |title=Relationship split wide open |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/talk-town/relationship-split-wide-open-370 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511013333/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/talk-town/relationship-split-wide-open-370 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |access-date=17 November 2012 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Newbies Ajai, Kalai and Karthi play Siddharth's friends.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=6 April 2013 |title=Udhayam, a highway cruiser |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1532217.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221918/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1532217.ece |archive-date=24 May 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Velraj]] is the cinematographer, music by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] editing will be by [[Kishore Te.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2012 |title=Director Vetrimaran turns producer |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/director-vetrimaran-turns-producer-news-tamil-mczk0kcjdic.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226031539/http://www.sify.com/movies/director-vetrimaran-turns-producer-news-tamil-mczk0kcjdic.html |archive-date=26 February 2012 |access-date=17 November 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was produced jointly by [[Dayanidhi Azhagiri]] and [[Vetrimaaran]] as a tie-up between their companies Meeka Entertainment and Grass Root Film Company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2012 |title=Siddharth signs film with Dhayanidhi Alagiri and Vetrimaran |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-07/news-interviews/31610035_1_siddharth-vetrimaran-dhayanidhi-alagiri |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509021653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-07/news-interviews/31610035_1_siddharth-vetrimaran-dhayanidhi-alagiri |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=17 November 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The filming took place only on real locations, where crowds delayed shootings up to four days, making hidden cameras mandatory.<ref name="udhred" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Udhayam NH4
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 March 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Annakodi]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Thalaivaa]]
| next_year = 2013
}}

The soundtrack album was composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]. The music rights were acquired by [[Sony Music India]]. On 14 February 2013 [[Valentine's Day]], the track "Yaaro Ivan" was unveiled at [[Suryan FM]].<ref name=":0" />

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 18:47
| title1 = Yaaro Ivan
| extra1 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] & [[Saindhavi]]
| length1 = 04:41
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| title2 = Maalai Pon Maalai
| extra2 = [[Bela Shende]] & [[S. P. B. Charan]]
| length2 = 05:22
| lyrics2 = La. Rajkumar
| title3 = Ora Kannala
| extra3 = Gaana Bala
| length3 = 04:47
| lyrics3 = [[Gaana Bala]]
| title4 = Indrodu Thadaigal
| extra4 = [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] & [[Ramya NSK]]
| length4 = 03:57
| lyrics4 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| title5 = Vaa Iravugal
| extra5 = Ajmal Khan, Amrith Vishwanath
| length5 = 05:30
| lyrics5 = [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]]
}}

== Release ==
On 14 February 2013, the first film trailer was released at [[Sun Music]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Udhayam NH4 single track and trailer today!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-14/news-interviews/37099537_1_g-v-prakash-vetrimaaran-trailer-today|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526192848/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-14/news-interviews/37099537_1_g-v-prakash-vetrimaaran-trailer-today|archive-date=26 May 2013|access-date=14 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=Feb 14, 2013}}</ref> ''Udhayam NH4'' released in around 250 theatres across [[Tamil Nadu]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

== Reception ==
Baradwaj Rangan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' thanked the film crew for a well treated, but slight story, "[...] the constant infusion of colour keeps us hooked. I don’t think I’ve laughed so much at a cop telling his nagging wife he loves her."<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2013 |title=Road warrior |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/road-warrior/article4636631.ece |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=Baradwaj Rangan}}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' gave 3 of 5 stars and concluded, "To sum it all, Udhayam NH 4 comes across as a well packaged product that has many things going in its favor and is sure to have patrons from the youth along with other sections of the audience too."<ref>{{Cite news |date=Apr 19, 2013 |title=Udhayam NH4 Movie Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/udhayam-nh4/udhayam-nh4-review.html |access-date=20 April 2013 |agency=Behindwoods}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' recommended the film, "The presentation is unique as it doesn’t have the trappings of usual masala potboilers."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Udhayam NH4 is taut and racy |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/udhayam-nh4-review-tamil-15026604.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422061309/http://www.sify.com/movies/udhayam-nh4-review-tamil-15026604.html |archive-date=22 April 2013 |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=Moviebuzz}}</ref> ''[[in.com]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and stated that the story is simple but the taut screenplay with unexpected twists and turns at the right time makes Udhayam a good watch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Apr 20, 2013 |title=Udhayam is a racy entertainer |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-review-udhayam-nh4-is-a-racy-entertainer-50207998-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519104753/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-review-udhayam-nh4-is-a-racy-entertainer-50207998-in-1.html |archive-date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=20 April 2013 |agency=in.com}}</ref> Mahalakshmi Prabhakaran of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' criticized the performance of Ashrita Shetty heavily, "As the character who’s the prize catch for both the cop and the boyfriend, the role’s every debutante actress' dream. But Hrishita just doesn’t match up. We are not even going to comment on her poor delivery of Tamil. Yes, she might be a Kannadiga in the movie, but that’s no excuse!", giving the film an average rating of 3.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 Apr 2013 |title=Film review: Udhayam NH4 (Tamil) |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1824771/report-film-review-udhayam-nh4-tamil |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=Mahalakshmi Prabhakaran |agency=DNA}}</ref> S. Saarawathi of ''[[Rediff]]'' wrote, "Udhayam NH4 is a racy entertainer that keeps you glued to the screen."<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2013 |title=Review: Udhayam NH4 is real fun |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-udhayam-nh4-is-real-fun/20130419.htm |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=S. Saarawathi |agency=rediff}}</ref> Sidharth Varma of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3.5 out of 5 stars and said, "The movie brings in a whiff of fresh air in the dialogue department. The characters switch between the four south Indian languages and English depending on the place where the scene is set and the situation, which adds to the authenticity of the movie. The drama is injected in the right doses through the incidents on the highway, and flashbacks tell us more about each character."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sidharth Varma |title=Udhayam NH-4 movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/udhayam/movie-review/19638985.cms |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' recommended the film, "Take a ride down this highway just to see how a talented director can make a simple story engaging."<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2013 |title=NH4: Take this route |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/nh4-take-this-route/article4636533.ece |access-date=20 April 2013 |work=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |agency=The Hindu}}</ref> ''[[Review Raja]]'' found the film to be "just an alright movie", and thought, that Ashrita Shetty wasn't capable enough to play the female lead role.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTVmtLatUQs |title=Udhayam NH4 Tamil Movie Review HD |date=21 Apr 2013 |type=YouTube |publisher=Review Raja}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave the film 3.5 out of 5 saying that the film is well crafted.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2013 |title=Udhayam NH4: Racy |url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/76/2013042020130420202243281ce7e15ea/iUdhayam-NH4-iRacy.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422054850/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/76/2013042020130420202243281ce7e15ea/iUdhayam-NH4-iRacy.html |archive-date=22 April 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |work=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Vetrimaaran}}

[[Category:2010s road movies]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Undani

2026-03-01T04:21:02Z

Md Rifat: put up entry

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Undani
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Undani.png
| map_caption = Map showing Undani in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.0859|N|78.48667|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.507
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1538
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Undani''' ({{IAST|Ūndanī}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad and south of the town of [[Makkhanpur]]. As of 2011, Undani had a population of 1,538, in 246 households.

== Geography ==
Undani is located southeast of Firozabad, right on the [[tehsil]] boundary with [[Shikohabad]]. The nearest town is [[Makkhanpur]], about 3-4 km to the north. Level farmland surrounds Undani on all sides, and there is a prominent [[irrigation tank|tank]] on the southeast side of the village.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Undani had a population of 1,538, in 246 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|126}} This population was 53.8% male (828) and 46.2% female (710). The 0–6 age group numbered 262 (142 male and 120 female), making up 17.0% of the total population. 1,025 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 66.6% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|116-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Undani as having a population of 1,035 people (594 male and 441 female), in 377 households and 376 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|196-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Undani as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 925 people (502 male and 423 female), in 157 households and 105 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 372 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Undani had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|126-31}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Puya Meithaba

2026-02-27T06:27:23Z

Md Rifat: slightly enhance intro per standard format and corrected details

{{Short description|Legend about the burning of ancient writings in Manipur}}

'''Puya Meithaba''' (''Burning of the puya''), or '''Lairik Meithaba''',{{efn|A 1996 publication on the history of Manipuri literature by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] mentions the "historical bonfire" as ''Lairik Meithaba'', where old Meitei manuscripts were set to fire at the behest of Shantidas Goswami!{{sfnp|Singh|1996|p=11}}}} refers to the annual commemoration of a legendary 18th-century [[book burning|scripture burning]] in [[Manipur]] by a neo-convert Vaishnavite King, or to the original libricide itself. There is no historical evidence that the libricide happened. Nonetheless, the commemoration, organised by the Meitei National Front and others since 1979, has been a critical tool in the spread of [[Meitei nationalism]] and has mainstreamed a particular reconstruction of premodern Manipur, which has come to be uncritically reproduced even in academic publications.

== Background ==
The Meiteis—including the royal house— traditionally followed an indigenous faith of worship that revered nature, ancestors, and fertility gods and goddesses, called ''lais''.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} Situated far outside [[Āryāvarta|Aryavarta]], the region was immune from Vedic and Hindu influences; until at least the sixteenth century, the royal culture did not bear any signs of Hindu influence.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}}{{efn|In the absence of any primary source other than the royal chronicle, it is difficult to sketch a cultural history of premodern Manipur.}} In 1704, Charairongba, the incumbent King became the first royal figure to be initiated into Vaishnavism; coins inscribing "[[Krishna|Sri Krishna]]" were minted and Hindu temples were constructed but there is no evidence that the public sphere was affected to any significant degree.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} Five years later, his son [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Pamheiba]] ascended to the throne; he followed Meitei funerary rituals upon Charairongba's death and initially showed no inclination towards Vaishnavism, providing selective patronage to the shrines for ''lais''.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} However, in 1715, he adopted the [[Sakta]] tradition under one [[Bengali Brahmin]] and two years later, followed his father into being initiated as a [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaishnava]].{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} Nevertheless, while Hindu temples were increasingly commissioned, the patronage of Meitei sites continued as before.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}}

C. 1720, [[Shantidas Adhikari|Santa Das Goswami]], a missionary from [[Sylhet]] arrived in his court, preaching [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramanandi Vaishnavism]] and upholding it as the most appropriate sect for warrior-kings.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} Facing an increasingly recalcitrant Cachar and [[Twipra Kingdom|Tripura]]—and Burma, their traditional enemy—the martial ethos of the sect suited Pamheiba’s expansionist ambitions. He converted in 1728 and, in the words of Rodney Sebastian, "re-grammared the very concepts of kingship and the sovereign from within the religio-political authority of Ramanandi Vaishnavism," adopting the title of Maharaja and identifying his realm as the "Manipur" of Indian epic literature.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}} Pamheiba, unlike his predecessor, tried to unify the masses under a single religio-cultural authority, extensively Hindu-ising the cultural milieu in the process—mass-conversion rites were frequently held, translation of [[Puranas]] and [[Ramayana]] were commissioned,{{Efn|A copy of Bhagavata Purana was supposedly stolen off from a convoy of the Tripura Raj who were bringing it from Assam! See {{cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Deepashree |title=From Bandit Raja to Exemplary Devotee: Vaishnav Accounts of the Kingdom of Bishnupur |journal=Religions of South Asia |date=5 June 2025 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=58–81 |doi=10.1558/rosa.26038}} for a similar case in contemporary Bengal.}} Hindu cultural norms like prohibition on beef were legalized, [[Meitei festivals]] were hybridized with Hindu ones while ''lai'' shrines were destroyed, images of Meitei deities dismantled and recast into coins, and worship of some ''lai''s consigned only to the (Hindu) Brahmins.{{sfn|Sebastian|2021}}

== Contemporary Narrative ==
In contemporary Meitei culture, which bears a deep ambivalence towards mainland India (and Hindu ethos), Pamheiba's reign serves as a moment of rupture in their transcendental history.{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}} He is alleged to have violently suppressed [[Sanamahism]], the local religion as referred to today, and imposed Vaishnavism on his subjects via oppressive means.{{sfnp|Ray|2015}}{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125-126}}{{efn|For an assessment of Garib Nawaz's religious policy, see {{Cite journal|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1989|title=Garib Niwaz Wars and Religious Policy in 18th Century Manipur|url=https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/iaf/article/download/1837/1795/3654|journal=Intemationales Asienforum|volume=20|issue=3–4|pages=298–302}}}} In furtherance, many local scholars hold that [[Puya (Meitei texts)|Puyas]]—the ancient traditional texts of Meiteis—were destroyed at his orders with an explicit aim of purging the traditional episteme; this narrative of libricide has gained immense popularity among Meiteis, notwithstanding the presence of hundreds of extant Puyas.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=15}}{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}{{sfnp|Sebastian|2019|p=52}}{{sfnp|Ray|2015}}

The precise date of the event is disputed.{{sfnp|Singh|2014}} The details vary with authors and are often legendary in nature since they need to account for the sheer number of extant Puyas—some mention that the Puyas were scheduled to be incinerated but flew away from the fire; another version mentions that they were burnt but copies were already made of them in secret; yet another mentions that they were transported out of the valley using secret messengers.{{sfnp|Ray|2015}}{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}} A few scholars have even produced lists of the burnt Puyas.{{sfnp|Ray|2000|p=120}}{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}} It has also been propounded that the usage of [[Bengali script]] in place of [[Meitei script|Meitei Mayek]] began after this purge.{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}{{sfnp|Chelliah|2005}}

== Historicity ==
No contemporaneous source exists for the libricide.{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}{{sfnp|Roy|1973|p=39}} Some scholars claim the event to have been chronicled in the ''[[Cheitharol Kumbaba]]'' but such claims do not withstand scrutiny.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=15}}{{sfnp|Sebastian|2019|p=142}} Neither the manuscript in Meitei, preserved by the royal palace, nor the Bengali transliteration by Thongam Madhab, a royal scribe ({{circa|1925}}) mentions any such event.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=9,16,141}}{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=9-10,16,142}}{{efn|A superficially edited version of Madhab's transliteration was published by Lairenmayum Ibungohal Singh and [[N. Khelchandra Singh|Ningthoukhongjam Khelachandra]] in 1967 from under the banner of [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]], which did not mention the events either.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=9-10,16,142}}}} Some late apocryphal manuscripts do assert that Meitei texts were destroyed by the incumbent king Garib Nawaz on the 17th of Mera (?) in Sakabda 1654 (1732 CE) but these were likely forged to support the then-dominant collective memory of a libricide; all of them emend a word from ''Leima'' to ''Lairik''.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=9-11, 15-16, 141-142}}{{efn|The actual line is ''Meetei Leima manghanye'' (lit. The Meitei Queen was destroyed; mean. The Queen was declared to be ritually unclean and/or excommunicated). ''Leima'' means queen whereas ''Lairik'' means books.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=16}}}}{{efn|The first manuscript to carry this emendation was copied by one Kharaibam Deva in Bengali script, which Parratt found to be incomplete and in places, badly copied.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=xi,9,141}} In 1987, a second "critical" edition of Madhab's manuscript (see endnote e) was published by Khelachandra by extrapolating details from three other extant manuscripts — the one by Deva, and another two kept by Nameirakpam Dinachandra and Moirangthem Chandra — and even other Puyas; this mentioned the libricide and even provided a short account of the event but Paratt notes the descriptions to be unreferenced and mostly from sources, which had little historical worth, having never been subject to textual-historical criticism.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=10-11, 142}} For what it is worth, Dinachandra's manuscript did not mention the event and Manipur Sahitya Parishad's latest edition of the Kumbaba has since silently reverted to the 1967 version.{{sfnp|Parratt|2005|pp=16}}}}

[[Gangmumei Kamei]] notes the libricide to have been referenced for the first time in the works of Khumanthem Kaomacha, a Brahmin balladist-turned-historian in his 1934 publication, ''Manipur Itibritti''.{{sfnp|Kabui|1991|pp=253}}{{efn|Kaomacha even listed the names of the 123 puyas, which were burnt.{{sfnp|Kabui|1991|pp=253}} See {{Cite book|last=Kaomacha|first=Khumanthem|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466529|orig-year=1934|edition=1|volume=1|title=Manipur Itibrita|date=1980|pages=68–70}}}} Pandita-Raja Atombapu Sharma reiterated these claims in his 1952 work ''Pakhangba'' and the claim soon made into every local publication.{{sfnp|Kabui|1991|pp=254}} Carmen Brandt, Jyotirmoy Ray, and others have doubted the historicity of the libricide and criticized scholars who had uncritically accepted the popular narratives; they note that local sources give low and contradictory values about the number of burnt scripts, highlight the numerous documents that were written in Meitei during and well after the reign of Pamheiba including the very ''Cheitharol Kumbaba'', and interpret Nawaz's attitude towards religion as one of strategic ambivalence than as one of missionary zeal.{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}{{sfnp|Aggarwal|1992|p=31}}{{sfnp|Sebastian|2019|p=142}}{{sfnp|Roy|1973|p=39}}

== Commemoration ==
The narrative about the intentional arsoning of the Puyas alongside a forced change of script occupies a prominent place in the collective memory of the Meiteis. It has become increasingly popular in Manipur since 1979{{Efn|Other Meitei organisations have argued that this was not the first commemoration of the event.{{sfnp|Gurumayum|2015}}}} when the nationalist-revivalists—under the banner of [[Meitei National Front]]—decided to commemorate the libricide in a heavily publicized event on 23 January, every year, and evoke nostalgia for the Meitei script which had gone into increasing disuse.{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}{{sfnp|Ray|2000|p=120}}{{sfnp|Sebastian|2019|p=52}}{{Efn|Metei National Front asserts the original event to have occurred on the 23rd of Wakching, a Thursday, in Sakabda 1651 (1729 CE).{{sfnp|Singh|2014}} This date is disputed by other factions, who choose to commemorate the event on a different day. Even assuming the date to be true, the day would have been a Saturday. {{sfnp|Singh|2014}}}}

The main function remains restricted to the Sanamahi Temple at Imphal.{{sfnp|Ray|2000|p=120}} The attendees have grown in number over the years but of late, the event has taken on more peaceful forms—for example, books are no more being burnt for portraying [[Meitei people|Meitei]]s as [[Hindus]].{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|p=127}}{{sfnp|Ray|2000|p=120}} Brandt notes these commemorations to "serve the construction of a history of oppression" and thus, strengthen [[Meitei nationalism]].{{sfnp|Brandt|2018|pp=125–126}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Aggarwal |first=Kailash S. |date=1992-01-01 |title=To Include or Not to Include: An Attempt to Study the Language Conflict in Manipur |url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/lplp.16.1.02agg |journal=Language Problems and Language Planning |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=31 |doi=10.1075/lplp.16.1.02agg |issn=0272-2690|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Brandt |first=Carmen |date=2018-01-02 |title=Writing off domination: the Chakma and Meitei script movements |journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=116–140 |doi=10.1080/19472498.2017.1411050 |s2cid=148911026 |issn=1947-2498}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Chelliah |first=Shobhana L. |date=2005 |title=Asserting Nationhood through Personal Name Choice: The Case of the Meithei of Northeast India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25132326 |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=169–216 |jstor=25132326 |issn=0003-5483}}
* {{Cite news|last=Gurumayum|first=Maheshwar|title=Panthoibi Sindam Sanglen appeals not to differ the date of Puya Mei Thaba|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/1792-panthoibi-sindam-sanglen-appeals-not-to-differ-the-date-of-puya-mei-thaba|date=12 January 2015|access-date=2021-05-23|work=Imphal Times|language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kabui|first=Gangmumei|chapter=The Zenith and Decline|title=History of Manipur: Pre-colonial period|date=1991|publisher=National Publishing House|isbn=978-81-214-0362-7|language=en}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur : the Cheitharon Kumpapa : Original Text, Translation, and Notes |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |first=Saroj Nalini Arambam |last=Parratt |isbn=0-415-34430-1 |location=London}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Ray |first=Sohini |title=The sacred alphabet and the divine body: The case of Meitei mayek in north-eastern India |date=2000 |publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]]}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ray |first=Sohini |date=2009 |title=Writing the Body: Cosmology, Orthography, and Fragments of Modernity in Northeastern India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25488260 |journal=Anthropological Quarterly |volume=82 |issue=1 |page=132 |jstor=25488260 |issn=0003-5491}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ray |first=Sohini |date=2015 |title=Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy in North-east India |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=247–267 |issn=1356-1863 |jstor=43307692}}
* {{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Jyotirmoy|title=History of Manipur|date=1973|publisher=Eastlight Book House|edition=2|language=en}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Sebastian |first=Rodney |title=Cultural Fusion in a Religious Dance Drama: Building the Sacred Body in the Manipuri Rāslīlās |date=2019 |publisher=University of Florida |id={{ProQuest|2464172212}}}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Sebastian |first=Rodney |date=December 2021 |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century: The Politico-Religious Projects of Garibniwaz and Bhagyacandra |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=12 |issue=12 |page=1041 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |issn=2077-1444|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Aheibam Koireng |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiR-oAEACAAJ |title=Bonfire of Books: Cataclysmic Rupture in the Early 18th Century Manipur |last2=Singh |first2=Sanasam Amal |date=2014 |publisher=Centre for Manipur Studies, Manipur University |isbn=978-81-8334-057-1 |language=en}}
*{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Chabungbam Amuba|date=3 March 2014|title=Puya Meithaba: The Date Controversy|work=[[The Sangai Express]]}}
* {{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Ch. Manihar|title=A History of Manipuri Literature|date=1996|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1586-3|language=en}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:18th century in the Manipur Kingdom]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Winifred Buckley

2026-02-24T08:05:03Z

Md Rifat: put up a stub

{{Short description|Indian woman-surgeon from the First World War}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Winifred Buckley
|image = Winifred Buckley.jpg
|birth_date = {{birth date|1883|10|18||df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1959|4|10|1883|10|18|df=y}}
|death_place =
|caption = Winifred Buckley
|field = [[surgery]], [[military medicine]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = assistant surgeon at the [[Endell Street Military Hospital]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}

'''Winifred Finnimore Buckley''' (18 October 1883 - 10 April 1959) was one of the woman-surgeons working at the famous [[Endell Street Military Hospital]] in [[London]] during the [[First World War]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-26050708 “World War One: Endell Street hospital's suffragette surgeons”, BBC News online, 28 February 2014].</ref>

== Life ==
She was born in [[Calcutta]], [[India]], to Ada Marion Sarah Finnimore and Robert Burton Buckley (1847-1927), a civil engineer then working in Bengal.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/memorialsoffamil00phil/page/54/mode/2up?q=%22Winifred+Finnimore%22&view=theater William P. W. Phillimore, Memorials of the family of Fynmore etc., Published by the Author, London 1886, p. 54]</ref>

After graduating at the [[London School of Medicine for Women]], Buckley worked for a year in a junior post at Harrow Road children's hospital and for six months as a house surgeon in [[Kingston upon Hull]].<ref name=m102>Moore 2020, p. 102.</ref> When she joined the Endell Street hospital in 1914, she was one of the youngest doctors there. She came to regard that time as "perhaps the happiest time in her life".<ref name=m102/>

In January 1920, the King appointed her as Officer of the Civil Division of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) for her “valuable services” rendered in Military Hospitals during the War.<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13559/page/321/data.pdf The Edinburgh Gazette, 3 February 1920, p. 321].</ref>

On the same year, she was registered as a licentiate of the [[Royal College of Physicians]], London (LRCP) and as a member of the [[Royal College of Surgeons]] (MRCS).<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31760/supplement/1238/data.pdf Supplement to The London Gazette, 30 January 1920, p. 1238].</ref>

[[File:An Operation at the Military Hospital, Endell Street - Dr L Garrett, Dr Flora Murray, Dr W Buckley Art.IWMART4084.jpg|thumb|"An Operation at the Military Hospital, Endell Street - Dr L Garrett, Dr Flora Murray, Dr W Buckley"(1920) by Francis Dodd]]
Buckley is portrayed, along with the two leading figures of the Endell Street hospital [[Louisa Garrett Anderson]] and [[Flora Murray]], in the oil-on-canvas painting by [[Francis Dodd (artist)|Francis Dodd]] “An Operation at the Military Hospital, Endell Street”(1920), now preserved in the collections of the [[Imperial War Museum]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/7737 | title=An Operation at the Military Hospital, Endell Street : Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson, Dr Flora Murray, Dr Winifred Buckley }}</ref>

==Bibliography==

* Wendy Moore, ''Endell Street. The trailblazing women who ran World War One's most remrkable military hospital'', Atlantic Books, London 2020, pp. 376

==References==
<references />

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buckley, Winifred}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century surgeons]]
[[Category:British women surgeons]]
[[Category:Nationality missing]]

Vidhyanjali High School

2026-02-21T09:18:03Z

Md Rifat: put up biography

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Vidhyanjali High School
| native_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| address = 20/1, RamMohan Dutta Rd, Sreepally, Bhowanipore
| city = Kolkata
| district =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 700020
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.534184|N|88.3504493|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type =
| religious_affiliation =
| established = 1945
| founder =
| closed =
| school_board =
| oversight =
| principal =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-Ed]]
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language =
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Urban
| colours =
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = 
| website = {{URL|https://vidyanjalihigh.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vidhyanjali High School''' more commonly known by its old name '''Shree Bhawanipur Gujarati Balmandir''' is a [[high school]] located at 20/1, Ram Mohan Dutta Road in [[Bhowanipur]] locality of [[Kolkata]].<ref name=a/>

==History==
It was founded by the generous contributions from the [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] speaking migrant community living in [[Calcutta]] with a view to teach [[Gujarati language]] based curriculum to their children. Among the founders were Himchandbhai Shah, Saudamaniben & others.<ref name=v/><ref name=nlj/> [[Jayantilal Manishankar Ojha]] was also one of the founder trustee of the school.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reed|first1=Sir Stanley|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|date=1961|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|pages=1157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgwfAQAAMAAJ&q=ojha+balmandir|accessdate=2 May 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name=nlj>Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya community of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English pp:32- Amritlal Ojha (1890-1944) & Ojha family.and Section: Gujaratis in Kolkata. pp:xi - Rai Bahadur Himchand K. Shah, Jayantilal M. Ojha, [[Lira Raja Rathor|Lira Raja]] & other prominent Gujaratis living in Bhawanipore were earliest donors to start the Balmandir.</ref> The noted educationist and independence activist Shantaben Patel, who was a pioneer of the Montessori system of education in India was instrumental not only in founding of the school but also efficiently running the school for over 60 years.<ref name=tt/> The school was a member of Association of Montessorians in India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Around the Child|date=1974|publisher=Association of Montessorians.|pages=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU9LAAAAYAAJ&q=BALMANDIR+Calcutta|accessdate=2 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> She collaborated with [[Maria Montessori]] to laid the foundation of school on 22 March 1945.<ref name=a>{{cite book|title=Around the Child|date=1974|publisher=Association of Montessorians.|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU9LAAAAYAAJ&q=maria+balmadir|accessdate=2 May 2018|ref=a|language=en}}</ref><ref name=tt>{{cite news|title=The Telegraph - Calcutta : Metro|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1051003/asp/calcutta/story_5303706.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502212333/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1051003/asp/calcutta/story_5303706.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2018|accessdate=2 May 2018|work=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> In later years city's prominent Gujarati businessman Kanubhai Bhalaria also served the school as one of the trustees.<ref>{{cite book|title=Calcutta's Who's who in Business|date=1972|publisher=K. K. Taneja|page=379|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlEjAQAAMAAJ&q=BALMANDIR+Calcutta|accessdate=2 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

In 1984, the medium of instruction was changed from Gujarati to English. In 2000, the school opened its doors to the children of other communities. In 2004, in its diamond jubilee year, Balmandir became a [[high school]] under the newly christened name ‘Vidyanjali High School'.<ref name="v">{{Cite web |last=Samooham |first=Saastha |title=Vidyanjali High School {{!}} History |url=https://vidyanjalihigh.in/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625015727/https://vidyanjalihigh.in/history.html |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=www.vidyanjalihigh.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2005, Shantaben Patel was felicitated with Dr Mrs NB O'Brien Lifetime Achievement Award on 28 September, at The Telegraph School Awards for Excellence, held at Science City auditorium in Kolkata.<ref name=tt/>

==Current status==
Currently, the school is affiliated to [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]]. It provides education up to 12th with streams in humanity, science & commerce.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

===Vidhyanjali International School===
Further, it has tied up with Cambridge International Examinations, [[University of Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] as a Cambridge International Centre and another unit & faculty runs in the same premises as Vidhyanjali International School.<ref name=v/>

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Portal bar|School|India}}

[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Private schools in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Primary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Co-educational schools in India]]

Markazul Uloom Senior Secondary English School

2026-02-21T01:53:35Z

Md Rifat: stub - done

{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Markazul Uloom Senior Secondary English School
| logo =
| seal_image =
| image = Markazul_uloom_english_school.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| location = Ekkaparamba Kuzhimanna P O [[Kondotti]]
| region =
| city = [[Kondotty]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| province =
| county = Kuzhimanna
| postal_code = 673641
| country = [[India]]
| established = {{Start date|1983}}
| status = open
| coordinates = {{coord|11.156|75.983|display=inline}}
| type = [[High School|Senior Secondary School]]
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| founder = Abdurahman Sahib
| chairperson = Shihab Pookottur
| principal = Abdul Latheef
| principal1 = Zeenath
| principal_label1 = Vice Principal
| faculty = 50
| campus = Vidyanagar
| campus_type = rural
| song = [[Jana Gana Mana]]
| grades = LKG - 12
| teaching_staff = ~50(-Rafi)
| website = {{URL|https://markazululoom.markazfoundation.com/}}
}}

'''Markazul Uloom Senior Secondary English School''' is a [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] affiliated (Affiliation Number: 930070 )<ref name="cbse">{{cite web|url=http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=930070|title=Details Of The School Filled up AFFILIATION/OASIS | publisher=cbseaff.nic.in | access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> senior secondary school established in 1983 and run by the Ansarul Islam Charitable Trust located at [[Kondotty]], [[India]]. The trust, a non-profit charitable organisation, runs a number of educational institutions.

==Features==
The school follows a [[Mixed-sex education|coeducational system]]<ref name="cbse" /> and has English as the medium of instruction. The school sections include [[Kindergarten| Kindergarten (LKG and UKG)]], [[Primary school|Lower Primary School (Classes 1-4)]], [[Primary school|Upper Primary School (Classes 5-7)]], [[High school|High School (Classes 8-10)]] and Senior Secondary school (Class XI and Class XII).

==Infrastructure==
* Computer Laboratory
* [[Smart Board|Smart Classroom]] (satellite broadcast setup)
* Language Lab
* Physics Lab
* Chemistry Lab
* Zoology and Botany Lab
* Student library
* Digital library
* Conference Hall
* School ground

==See also==
* [[Kondotty]]
* [[Malappuram]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Educational Institutes in Malappuram}}
{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category:Schools in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1983]]

Sankar Gupta

2026-02-11T07:08:36Z

Md Rifat: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sankar Gupta
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1940|09|09}}
| birth_place = Kolkata
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1983|01|22|1940|10|01}}
| death_place = Kolkata
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Politician
|module={{Infobox officeholder|embed=yes
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| term_start1 = 1982
| term_end1 = 1983
| constituency1 = [[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| predecessor1 = Dinesh Majumdar
| successor1 = [[Ashok Mitra]]
}}
| spouse = [[Shyamali Gupta]]
| alma_mater = [[Jadavpur University]]

}}

'''Sankar Gupta''' (1940 - 1983) was an Indian Communist leader. He was a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly of West Bengal]] from [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur constituency]] in 1982.

==Political career==

===Student Movement===
During the turbulent sixties, when the hatred and terror against the Communists reigned supreme, [[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[K. M. Cariappa]] was launching an anti-Communist propaganda in a speech at the [[Jadavpur University]] campus, where he was intent to prove the Communists as seditious. Then Field Marshal [[K. M. Cariappa]] had asked "Is there a Communist in this room?" The student who could stand up bravely and proudly "Yes sir. Here is one. I am Sankar Gupta, I am a Communist" - a statement which later became legendary among the leftist student leaders in the years to follow.

One of the prime organisers of the Bengal Provincial Committee of the [[All India Students Federation]], which split later in 1964 following ideological battle against revisionism, he along with the major fraction of the Bengal Provincial Committee took a leftist stand and the fraction came to be known as the BPSF (Left) or SF(Left). He married fellow SF(Left) leader [[Shyamali Gupta|Shyamali]], who later became a member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] Central Committee, and the All-India President of the [[All India Democratic Women's Association]]. As BPSF leaders, they took active role in organizing protest rallies against the [[Vietnam War]] in the sixties, and expressed solidarity with the Vietnamese people's struggle for liberty and socialism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpi-m-leader-shyamali-gupta-passes-away-1924778|title=CPI-M leader Shyamali Gupta passes away|date=25 November 2013}}</ref>

===Education Movement===
As his comrades [[Shyamal Chakraborty]], [[Biman Bose]], [[Subhas Chakraborty]] became wholetimers of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], Sankar could not turn out to be one as he had to look after his family being the eldest son. He took a job in the Burul High School (near Nodakhali in [[South 24 Parganas district]]). He continued to instill fervour in the Students' Movement. In March 1967, he took a job as an assistant professor in the [[University of North Bengal]]. In the same year, he married Shyamali as she was released from prison. Even during the times of Naxal terror, he remained in [[Siliguri]] and continued to inspire the students, and organized the university teachers' movement. He was also a member of the West Bengal State Committee of the Democratic Youth Federation (which later merged into the [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]).

===Wholetime Political Worker===
As [[Shyamali Gupta]] got a job in the Bankura College, he instantaneously decided to leave his job to be a full-time [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] worker in the early seventies. In 1977, when [[Jyoti Basu]] became the Chief Minister of the 1st Left Front Government, Sankar Gupta was asked to be his Political Secretary. In 1982 assembly elections, Sankar Gupta contested and won from [[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://electionnewsresults.blogspot.in/2012/08/bidhan-sabha-election-results-of_6474.html |title=Lok Sabha, Assembly Election Results and News of all States in India: Bidhan Sabha election results of Jadavpur assembly constituency |accessdate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215073648/http://electionnewsresults.blogspot.in/2012/08/bidhan-sabha-election-results-of_6474.html |archivedate=15 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He was made the Minister of Power in the 2nd Left Front Government. In 1983, he became the member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] West Bengal State Committee. He along with [[Shyamal Chakraborty]] met with a severe accident as they were heading towards [[Santaldih]] from [[Durgapur]] to stop the closure of the [[Santaldih Thermal Power Station]]. Even with ailing health as he hopped between hospitals for treatment, he continued his work to increase power generation.

==Death==
He died untimely at the age of 43, just one year into his tenure as a minister and as an MLA.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Sankar}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1982–1987]]

S. Krishna

2026-02-10T03:11:45Z

Md Rifat: added new details.

{{short description|Indian cinematographer and film director (born 1975)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishna
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|06|09}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| image = Krishna.dop4.jpg
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]], film director, producer
| yearsactive = 1998–present
| spouse ={{marriage|Swapna|2005}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=A knotty season for our Kannada actors |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec92005/Metro1443482005128.asp |publisher=Deccan Herald |accessdate=9 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211150250/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec92005/Metro1443482005128.asp |archivedate=11 February 2007 |date=9 December 2005}}</ref>
| children = 3
}}

'''S. Krishna'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070317210537/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/interview/6773.html Rendezvous with S Krishna]</ref> is an Indian [[cinematographer]] and film director who primarily works in Kannada cinema. He gave a new dimension to cinematography through his visuals<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070317210626/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/29867.html 'Mungaru Male' is perfect answer – S. Krishna]</ref> in ''[[Mungaru Male]]''. He's an alumnus of [[Government Film and Television Institute|the Government Film and Television Institute]], [[Bangalore]].

==Career==
[[Image:KRISHNA.DOP.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Krishna at South Scope Awards 2009]] Krishna's cinematography impressed people and the critics, but he didn't come into his own until he did the challenging Mungaaru Male. The film was shot in 80% natural rain, which is generally not cinematography-friendly. It also needed to be shot in other precarious conditions – like the dangerous, rocky top of the [[Jog Falls]]. Krishna took up the challenge and did the job admirably. The film was a box office success, and one of the major contributors to its success was Krishna's cinematography. He was duly recognized by the Karnataka State Government when they named him the Best Cinematographer for 2006. According to [[Yogaraj Bhat]], the director of the film, the cinematographer was his partner-in-crime for all risky and foolhardy propositions. Krishna maintains that since he had complete freedom to do as he liked, he could deliver his best.

After Mungaaru Male, Krishna went on to do a film with debutant director [[Harsha (director)|Harsha.A]]. [[Geleya]] did not have much scope for experimentation cinematographically, but the film's most popular track (Ee Sanje Yaakaagide), which was shot in slow motion, was the highlight of the film. Krishna did Haage Summane next, for [[Preetam Gubbi]], one of the main collaborators in the film Mungaaru Male. Since then, he's the most frequent collaborator for all of Preetam Gubbi's films.

He also served as cinematographer for [[Raaj the Showman]], directed by [[Prem (film director)|Prem]] and starring [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Priyanka Kothari]]. However, the critics were not impressed with the film; all applauded Krishna's work. He then worked for [[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempegowda]], a Kannada remake of Tamil Blockbuster [[Singham]], which starred [[Sudeep]] in the lead and directed by himself. Krishna had collaborated with Sudeep for the second time, after Ranga SSLC which starred Sudeep in the lead. The movie showed the hidden talented side of Krishna, who had experimented a lot in the movie and took the technicalities to another level. 'Supergoodmovies' praised his work as "the camerawork stands out in the technical department. Krishna, who is otherwise known for wielding a camera for mushy love stories, does an excellent job in this action film. For a change, fights using safety cords look real. Krishna shows his ability in song sequences".

Krishna was supposed to work with Yograj Bhat for Lagori, starring Puneeth Rajkumar, but the project was dropped. In 2012, they collaborated on the film [[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]] starring [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]] and [[Radhika Pandit]]. Naturally, the whole film industry's eyes were on him, expecting to recreate the magic of [[Mungaru Male]] along with [[Yogaraj Bhat]].

[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]] was released in November to the most positive reviews from critics and audiences alike. The movie was a blockbuster of 2012 and it garnered rave reviews for Krishna for his work from all over the country. IBN Live<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121230201918/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/drama-review-this-kannada-film-is-an-entertaining-drama/307303-71-203.html] 'Drama' Review: This Kannada film is an entertaining drama</ref> praised his work as "The film's highlight is the remarkable camerawork of S Krishna, who is arguably one of the country's top directors of photography. Indiaglitz<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128133142/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/review/15173.html] Drama – Good Pack for Family</ref> quoted his work as "S Krishna in his comeback after 'Mungaru Male' in the direction of Yogaraj Bhat has no flaws."

He then collaborated with [[Duniya Soori]] for [[Kaddipudi]] starring [[Shivrajkumar]] and [[Radhika Pandit]].

===Gajakesari and afterwards===
When he was at the peak of his career as a cinematographer he challenged himself to be a director. He directed [[Gajakesari]] starring [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]] which broke all of the previous records of [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]] thereby catapulting him as the next big star in the Kannada film industry. [[Gajakesari]] even won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Entertaining Film of the Year 2014.

After this, Gajakesari Krishna took a break to work on his next project titled [[Hebbuli]]. Many big names of the industry were considered for the project like [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Sudeep]], [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], [[Yash (actor)|Yash]], etc. [[Sudeep]] liked the script so much that he gave his consent to work on the project.
Hebbuli brings back the successful duo of [[Maanikya]], [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], and [[Sudeep]]. Therefore, the expectations were riding very high on Hebbuli. The principal photography of the film is expected to start in April after [[Sudeep]] completes his shoot for [[K.S.Ravikumar]]'s next.

Krishna recently wrapped up his portions of the shoot as a cinematographer for [[Dwarakish]]'s 50th production named Chowka. He's one of the 5 cinematographers for the film which is being directed by debutant Tharun Sudhir, brother of famous director [[Nanda Kishore]].

[[Hebbuli]] was released on 23 February 2017. It had the best opening in Sudeep's career. Impressed with Krishan's talents Sudeep agreed to do one more project with the director. The project was named as [[Pailwaan]]. It was produced by the director himself under his home production house RRR Motion Pictures. [[Pailwaan]] was released in multiple languages, in Kannada, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. It had the biggest release in Sudeep's career. But the collections were hugely affected due to piracy. It was declared a super hit.

Now after the massive success of [[Pailwaan]], Krishna is gearing up for his next. The project is unnamed as of now and has been delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic.

==Personal life==
Krishna is married to a well known Kannada television actress Swapna. He currently resides with his wife and three children in [[Bangalore]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Film
! colspan="3" | Creadited as
! rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
|-
|2014
|''[[Gajakesari]]''
|{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||{{no}} ||nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada]]; won Karnataka State Film Award for Best Entertaining Film of the year
|-
|2017
|''[[Hebbuli]]''
|{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
|2019
|''[[Pailwaan]]''
|{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
|}

===As cinematographer===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
|2002
|''[[Romeo Juliet (2002 film)|Romeo Juliet]]''
|
|-
| 2003 || ''Heart Beats''||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Ranga SSLC]]''||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Shree (2006 film)|Shree]]''||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Mungaaru Male]]'' || {{won}} Karnataka State Award for Best Cinematographer
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Geleya]]'' ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Haage Summane]]''|| {{Won}} [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Raaj the Showman]]'' ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Maleyali Jotheyali]]'' ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Appu and Pappu]]''||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Kempegowda (film)|Kempegowda]]''||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]''||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Lucky (2012 Kannada film)|Lucky]]''||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Jaanu (2012 film)|Jaanu]]''||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]''||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]]''||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Kaddipudi]]''||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Chowka]]''||
|}

==Television==
Produced 4 Serials under RRR Creations
{|Class="wikitable"
!Year !!Serial !!Channel
|-
|2015-2017 ||Gruhalakshmi ||Zee Kannada
|-
|2016-2018 ||Gangaa ||Zee Kannada
|-
|2017-2020 ||[[Subbalakshmi Samsara]] ||[[Zee Kannada]]
|-
|2020-2024 ||[[Sathya (Kannada TV series)|Sathya]] ||Zee Kannada
|}

==Awards==
* Karnataka State Government Award for Best Cinematographer in 2006 ([[Mungaru Male]])
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – Kannada]] for [[Haage Summane]] in 2008<ref>[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]]</ref>
* South Scope Award in 2009

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, S.}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

Ramkrishna Roy

2026-02-10T02:55:11Z

Md Rifat: added a page.

{{short description|Bengali revolitionary (1912-1934)}}
{{Citation style|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ram Krishna Roy
| image = Freedom fighter Ramkrishna Roy.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date text|9 January 1912}}
| birth_place = Chirimarsai near Dwariband, [[Midnapore]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age text|15 October 1934|9 January 1912}}
| death_place = Medinipore Central Jail, [[Midnapore]], [[British India]]
| known =
| occupation = Revolutionary
| organization = [[Bengal Volunteers]]
| movement = [[Indian Freedom Movement]]
| known for =
| citizenship =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ram Krishna Roy''' (9 January 1912 – 15 October 1934) was an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Bengal Volunteers]] who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence. He was hanged on 15 October 1934 for the charge of assassination of Magistrate Burge.<ref>[http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/pdf/Martyrs_Vol_4_06_03_2019 title=Unknown]{{Dead link | date=February 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Ram Krishna Roy was born in a [[Mahishya]] family in Chirimarsai near Dwariband ([[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]) in 1911. His father's name was Kenaram Roy. His mother's name was Bhabatarini Devi. He got admitted in [[Midnapore Town School]] in 1922 as a class III student. He joined [[Bengal Volunteers]], a revolutionary organisation of [[British India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.midnapore.in/bv.html|title=Bengal Volunteers of Midnapore|access-date=October 28, 2021}}</ref> He also worked with Deshapran [[Birendranath Sasmal]] in 1926 General election. From 1928 he worked with [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)|volume=I|first1=Subodhchandra |last1=Sengupta |first2=Anjali |last2=Basu|publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2002|isbn=81-85626-65-0|location=Kolkata|pages=297}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements|last=Ujjwal Kumar Singh|date= 2009|publisher=Sage Publishing India |isbn=9789352801626}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teachers.gov.bd/blog/details/758433|title=Be ngal Volunteers of Midnapore|access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities ==
After the murder of Magistrate Paddy and Robert Douglas no British officer was ready to take the charge of Midnapore District.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hssXP1hBYscC&q=Bhattacharya+killed+magistrate+Douglas&pg=PA254|title=History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857–1947)|last=S. N. Sen|year=1997|publisher=New Age International |isbn=9788122410495|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://biplabisabyasachi.com/paschim-medinipur/that-was-the-historic-day-of-the-assassination-of-the-oppressive-british-district-magistrate-burge/|title=Historic Day |access-date=February 24, 2018}}</ref> Bernard E J Burge, a District Magistrate was posted in [[Midnapore district]]. The members of the Bengal volunteers i.e. Ramkrishna Roy, Brajakishore Chakraborty, Prabhanshu Sekhar Pal, Kamakhya Charan Ghosh, Sonatan Roy, Nanda Dulal Singh, Sukumar Sen Gupta, Bijoy Krishna Ghose, Purnananda Sanyal, Manindra Nath Choudhury, Saroj Ranjan Das Kanungo, Santi Gopal Sen, Sailesh Chandra Ghose, Anath Bondhu Panja and Mrigendra Dutta etc. decided to assassinate him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in/history_heritage03.html|title=Midnapore Central Correctional Home|website=wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in|access-date=February 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Chronological Dictionary of India's Independence|last=Kali Charan Ghosh|publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2012|isbn=978-81-86806-20-3|location=Kolkata|pages=87}}</ref> He along with [[Anath Bondhu Panja]], [[Brajakishore Chakraborty]], Nirmal Jiban Ghosh and Mrigen Dutta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/600128/|title= Emperor vs Nirmal Jiban Ghose And Ors. on 30 August, 1934|access-date=October 28, 2021}}</ref> planned to shot him dead while Burge was playing a football match ( Bradley-Birt football tournament) named by [[Francis Bradley Bradley-Birt]] at the police grounds of [[Midnapore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/600128/|title= Emperor vs Nirmal Jiban Ghose And Ors. on 30 August, 1934|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> Burge, during the half time of the football match in Police parade ground was killed on 2 September 1933 by them. Anathbandhu was killed instantly by the body guard of the DM and Mrigen Dutta died in the hospital on the next day. Anathbandhu Panja and Mrigen Dutta was acquitted on murder charge of the district magistrate of Midnapore.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who of Indian Martyrs|first=P. N. |last=Chopra|volume=I|year=1969|publisher=Ministry of Education and Youth Services, Government of India |isbn=9788123021805}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1Pclr-6w94C&q=Nirmal+Jiban+Ghosh&pg=PA44|title=Rammanohar Lohia|volume=9|year=1990|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=9788171002511|access-date=February 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url= http://www.midnapore.in/bv.html|title=Bengal Volunteers of Midnapore|access-date=February 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y74pDwAAQBAJ&q=Bhattacharya+killed+magistrate+Douglas&pg=PA151|title=Gentlemanly Terrorists: Political Violence and the Colonial State in India|last=Durba Ghosh|date=20 July 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107186668|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref>

== Death ==
He was hanged on 15 October 1934 for the charge of assassination of Magistrate Burge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2696808|title=Assassination Of Mr.B.E.J.Burge, I.C.S.|access-date=October 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian Revolutionaries 1757-1961 (Vol-4): A Comprehensive Study, 1757-1961
|last= Srikrishan 'Sarala'|publisher=Ocean Books|year=1999|isbn=9788187100157 |location=New Delhi|pages=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Ram Krishna}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Indian nationalism]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]

Nallan Chakravartula Krishnamacharyulu

2026-02-08T18:00:57Z

Md Rifat: minor improve citations to improve readability and corrected details

{{cleanup|reason=Remove external links, rewrite following [[WP:MOS]]|date=July 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nallan Chakravartula Krishnamacharyulu
| image = Sriman Nallan Chakavartula Krishnamacharyulu garu.jpg
| birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 2006
| death_place =
}}

'''Nallan Chakravartula Krishnamacharyulu''' (1924–2006) was a scholar, musician, teacher and exponent of the art of hari katha. He belongs to the lineage of Saint [[Tyagaraja]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Surya Rao|first1=P|title=Musical tribute|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/musical-tribute/article660574.ece|accessdate=31 January 2016|date=13 November 2009}}</ref> He was a first generation disciple of Sriman Parupalli Krishnaiyyah pantulu. Being a top grade artist, his reach went above and beyond being a violinist and a musician. He was also a pandit in Sanskrit and Telugu literature who wrote and composed numerous Kritis, yaksha ganas, poems and harikathas. He was awarded the Vaggeyakara award by the Madras music academy in 2005.

== Compositions ==
{|class="wikitable"
! ''Composition'' !! ''[[Raga]]'' !! ''[[Tala (music)|Tala]]'' !! ''Type'' !! ''Language''
|-
| ''Nannu Brova Samayamura'' || ''Suddhabangala'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Varnam]]'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-
| ''Gouri Sukumari Sankara Nari'' || ''[[Vasantha (raga)|Vasantha]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Mara Jananim Asraye'' || ''[[Natakapriya]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Sri Kanaka Durge'' || ''[[Kalyani (rāga)|Kalyani]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Gajavadanamasraye'' || ''[[Kedaram]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Ehi Sannidehi'' || ''Husseni'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Sarikaadu ra'' || ''[[Kedaragaula]]'' || ''Deshadi'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-
|''Neepada Saarasa'' || ''[[Hemavathi]]'' || ''Roopaka'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''RamaKrishna Mahodayam(Guru Stuthi)'' || ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' || ''Chaapa thalam'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''ShyamaKrishna Upasmahe'' || ''[[Hanumatodi]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Bhavasaagara'' || ''[[Dhenuka]]'' || ''Roopaka'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Shyama Sastrivariya'' || ''[[Anandabhairavi]]'' || ''Roopaka'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-
|''Nama Narayana'' || ''[[Namanarayani]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
|''Saranamemi Tyagaraja'' || ''Saranga'' || ''Roopaka'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-
|''Venkatagiri Nayaka'' || ''Saranga'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Thillana Composition'' || ''[[Atana]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Thillana]]'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Cheliya Ro'' || ''[[Neelambari (raga)|Neelambari]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Javali]]'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-
| ''Sri Rama Ramana'' || ''[[Vachaspati (raga)|Vachaspati]]'' || ''[[Roopaka Garbha Adi Taalam]]'' || ''[[GARBHA KRITI]]'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Pahimam Pahi'' || ''[[Harikambhoji]]'' || ''[[Jampe Garbha Adi Taalam]]'' || ''[[GARBHA KRITI]]'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Neerajakshi'' || ''[[Shuddha Dhanyasi]]'' || ''[[Jampe Triputa Garbha Adi Taalam]]'' || ''[[GARBHA KRITI]]'' || ''[[Sanskrit]]''
|-
| ''Paramardamide'' || ''[[Keeravani]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''Kriti'' || ''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]''
|-

|}

==See also==
*[[List of Carnatic composers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://sites.google.com/site/carnaticmusiconestop/krishnamacharyulu A Tribute to Sri Nallan Chakravartula Krishnamacharyulu]
* Thyagaraja Geyartha Kunchika{{Clarify|post-text=What is this|date=July 2012}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamacharyulu, Nallan Chakravartula}}
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian music educators]]
[[Category:Educators from Andhra Pradesh]]

Khopoli

2026-02-03T11:24:53Z

Md Rifat: adjust citations additionally and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khopoli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = City Of Waterfalls
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.789|N|73.343|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 61
| population_total = 108648
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Khopolikar
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 410203 410204 410216
| area_code =
| area_code_type =
| registration_plate = MH-46
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
}}

'''Khopoli''' ({{IPA|mr|kʰopoˈliː}}, [[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{Transliteration|mr|ISO|Khōpōlī}}) is an industrial city in the [[Khalapur]] [[taluka]] of [[Raigad district]], in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], at the base of the [[Western Ghats|Sahyadri mountains]]. [[Patalganga River]], which is the [[tailrace]] channel of the Tata Hydroelectric Power Station, flows through Khopoli.<ref name = "KDZ">{{cite web
| last =Pagadi
| first =Setu Madhavrao
| title =Kolaba District Gazetteer: Places - Khopoli
| work = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| publisher =Gazetteers Department, Maharashtra
| date =July 1964
| url =http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Khopoli.html
| access-date =2009-12-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =Sule
| first =Surekha
| title =Will Area Water Partnerships give people back their rivers?
| publisher =Infochange India
| date =December 2004
| url =http://infochangeindia.org/20041206373/Water-Resources/Features/Will-Area-Water-Partnerships-give-people-back-their-rivers.html
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080725124338/http://infochangeindia.org/20041206373/Water-Resources/Features/Will-Area-Water-Partnerships-give-people-back-their-rivers.html
| url-status =usurped
| archive-date =25 July 2008
| access-date =2009-12-04 }}</ref>

It is a [[Municipality|municipal council]] and is a part of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. Khopoli Municipal Council covers an area of {{cvt|30|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web
| title =Basic Statistics - Statistics on Corporations and Councils
| publisher =Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority
| url =http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/basic_councils.htm
| format =PDF
| access-date =2009-12-10
| archive-date =25 December 2010
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101225045217/http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/basic_councils.htm
| url-status =dead
}}</ref>

Khopoli is served by a [[Khopoli railway station|railway station]] connected to the Mumbai suburban railway by a single line from [[Karjat]]. The distance between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CSMT]] to Khopoli is {{cvt|114.24|km}} along the Central Railway Suburban Line, which is a [[broad gauge]] line carrying [[Railway electrification system|electric locomotives]].<ref>{{cite web
| title =Background of Mumabi Suburban Rail system
| publisher =Indian Railway
| url = http://www.mrvc.indianrail.gov.in/tenderphp/uploaded_tender/Public%20Relation/Mumbai%20Sub%20Background.pdf
| access-date =2009-12-10 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name = "KDG Railways">{{cite web
| title =Kolaba district gazzeteer - communication - railways
| publisher =The gazzeteer's department, Maharashtra
| url = http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/comm_railways.html
| access-date =2009-12-10 }}</ref>

Initially, Khopoli railway station had only one platform for both the up and down movement of local trains. In 2019, it was revamped with an additional platform.

It is also located on [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH 4]],<ref>{{cite web
| title =Land Development
| url =http://www.msrdc.org/Land_Dept.pdf
| access-date =2009-12-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title = Regional Plan - MMRDA - Part 2/ Chapter 11. Transportation: A strategic perspective
|url = http://www.regionalplan-mmrda.org/N-11.pdf
|access-date = 2009-12-10
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100401020707/http://www.regionalplan-mmrda.org/N-11.pdf
|archive-date = 1 April 2010
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> about {{cvt|80|km}} south of [[Mumbai]] and {{cvt|80|km}} from [[Pune]]. Industries are well developed due to the strategic importance of the region as the [[Mumbai–Pune Expressway|Mumbai-Pune Expressway]] passes through the city. The city is called a city of waterfalls due to a number of waterfalls in the rainy season. Due to the presence of industries, the city has attracted migrants from across India.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} It is an industrial city with numerous industries and power plants located across it. Khopoli is located at the base of the Sahyadri Mountains range on the banks of the Patalganga river. This place also has several waterfalls, parks and hill stations. Because of its natural environment and scenery, Khopoli is a major spot for tourist attractions.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} Khopoli is connected with metro cities like Mumbai and Pune by rail and road. Imagica Theme Park, KP Falls and Zenith waterfall are the key attraction of this place. Khopoli is surrounded by tourist places like Khandala and Lonavala.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The place has proximity to railway stations and bus stands. Also, cabs and rickshaws are common means of transport in Khopoli.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The nearest airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Airport, which is 80 km away. Khopoli has several industrial hubs, MIDCs, and heavy industries which provide employment to the residents of this area. Khopoli is home to various steel, chemical and food and pulp industries.

Khopoli is home to various Marathi, English, Hindi and even international schools. It has seen rapid growth in industry.

== Geography and history ==
Khopoli was called ''Campoolie'' during the [[British Raj]].
Khopoli is located at 18°45' N, 73°20' E.<ref name="KDZ"/> It is situated at about 61 m above mean sea level.<ref>{{Cite book
| last =Chapman
| first =John
| author-link = John Chapman (engineer)
| title =The cotton and commerce of India - Considered in relation to interests of Great Britain with remarks on railway communication in the Bombay Presidency
| publisher =Whittaker & Co
| year =1851
| location =London
| page =378
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=kmIuAAAAYAAJ&q=campolee+bombay&pg=PA378}}</ref> It falls under three Pincodes - Khopoli 410203, Khopoli Power House 410204 and Jagdish Nagar 410216.<ref>{{cite web| title =Pin code search| publisher =India Post| url =http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pin/Pinsearch.aspx| access-date =2009-12-04| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120520133707/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pin/pinsearch.aspx| archive-date =20 May 2012| df =dmy-all}}</ref> STD code for Khopoli is (0)2192.<ref>{{cite web| title =STD Code Search| publisher =BSNL| url =http://www.bsnl.co.in/stdsearch.php| access-date =2009-12-04| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091130201826/http://www.bsnl.co.in/stdsearch.php| archive-date =30 November 2009| df =dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Bhor Ghat (1870).jpg|thumb|right|[[Bhor Ghat|Bor Ghat]]]]
A colonial source describes Khopoli as follows: {{cquote|The [[Bhor Ghat|Bhor ghat]] is formed of a succession of lofty eminences, towering above each other, the last of which attains a height of 2000 feet (610 m) above the [[Sea level|level of the sea]]. Its outline at a distance is bold and imposing; it presents a plane or table summit, with ranges of stupendous hills beyond, with the sublimity of which Europe possesses little that is analogous; at its foot stands the small and romantic village of Campolee, which has a noble tank and a Hindu temple, both built by [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Furanvese]] (the [[Peshwa|Peishwa's]] prime minister) at his individual expense.<ref name="Colonial Library">{{Cite book
| last =Montgomery Martin
| first =Robert
| title =The British Colonial Library, Vol VIII, History of the Possessions of the Honorable East India Company; Vol I
| publisher =Whittaker & Co
| year =1837
| location =Ave Maria Lane, London.
| page =133
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=D1VkAAAAMAAJ&q=Campolee
}}</ref>}}
There was an ''annachatra'' or a free feeding house, in the vicinity of the [[Shiva|Mahadev]] temple, but by 1882 all that remained of it were huge grinding stones.<ref name = "TDG">{{cite web
| last =Campbell
| first =James M.
| author-link = James Macnabb Campbell
| title =Places of interest: Khopvili
| work =Thane District Gazetteer
| publisher = Gazetteers department, Bombay Presidency
| date =November 1882
| url = http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-III/places_Khopvli.html
| format =.html
| access-date = 2007-04-08}}</ref>
The [[Great Indian Peninsular Railway|GIPR]] line was extended to Khopoli in 1856.<ref name="KDG Railways"/><ref>{{cite web
| title = IR History: Early Days - I, The first trains in India
| publisher =The Indian Railways Fan Club
| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html
| access-date = 2007-12-10}}</ref>

Khopoli is the site of the first privately owned [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] [[power station]] in India built by the [[Tatas]].<ref>{{cite web
|last = Dubey
|first = S. D.
|title = Hydro Development in India - An overview and challenges
|work = An ASSOCHAM study
|publisher = The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
|url = http://www.assocham.org/events/recent/event_141/_s.d_dubey.pdf
|access-date = 2007-03-08
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023111/http://www.assocham.org/events/recent/event_141/_s.d_dubey.pdf
|archive-date = 28 September 2007
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>

==Climate==
Khopoli has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Khopoli
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.7
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Mar high C = 33.0
| Apr high C = 34.6
| May high C = 35.0
| Jun high C = 32.6
| Jul high C = 29.8
| Aug high C = 29.6
| Sep high C = 30.2
| Oct high C = 32.4
| Nov high C = 32.0
| Dec high C = 30.7

| Jan mean C = 23.2
| Feb mean C = 24.2
| Mar mean C = 26.9
| Apr mean C = 29.2
| May mean C = 30.5
| Jun mean C = 29.2
| Jul mean C = 27.2
| Aug mean C = 26.9
| Sep mean C = 27.0
| Oct mean C = 27.7
| Nov mean C = 25.9
| Dec mean C = 24.0
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 16.8
| Feb low C = 17.6
| Mar low C = 20.8
| Apr low C = 23.8
| May low C = 26.0
| Jun low C = 25.8
| Jul low C = 24.7
| Aug low C = 24.2
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 23.0
| Nov low C = 19.9
| Dec low C = 17.4
|precipitation colour= green
|Jan precipitation mm=0
|Feb precipitation mm=0
|Mar precipitation mm=0
|Apr precipitation mm=4
|May precipitation mm=25
|Jun precipitation mm=618
|Jul precipitation mm=1695
|Aug precipitation mm=1182
|Sep precipitation mm=522
|Oct precipitation mm=125
|Nov precipitation mm=13
|Dec precipitation mm=3
|source 1 = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Khopoli climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Khopoli weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/khopoli-48546/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
In the 2011 India census, Khopoli had a population of 108,648. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Khopoli has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 68%. Thirteen per cent of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Khopoli (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802799-khopoli-maharashtra.html|title=Khopoli Population 2011|website=Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|71.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|14.55}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|blue|10.47}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|brown|1.40}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.00}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.91}}
}}

==Industries==
The factories in Khopoli municipal limits are:
* Alta Laboratories Limited, a bulk chemical manufacturer and a pioneer and still India's largest producer of salicylic acid and its various derivatives.<ref>{{cite web
| title =Alta Laboratories Limited
| url =http://www.altalab.in/
| access-date =2010-07-28}}</ref>
* Bohler-Uddeholm India Limited<ref>{{cite web
| title =Bohler-Uddeholm India Limited
| url =http://www.bohlerindia.com
| access-date =2009-10-13}}</ref>
* Bombay Oxygen Limited
* Government Milk Scheme, Khopoli<ref>{{cite web
| last =Walke
| first =Tanmay
| title =Government Milk Scheme, Khopoli
| publisher =Maharashtra State Dairy Development Department
| date =September 2006
| url =http://dairy.maharashtra.gov.in/index.php?page=khopoli
| access-date =2009-12-04
| archive-date =22 July 2011
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110722193254/http://dairy.maharashtra.gov.in/index.php?page=khopoli
| url-status =dead
}}</ref>
* India Steel Works Limited, Bright Bar Division<ref>{{cite web
| title =India Steel Works Limited
| url =http://www.indiasteel.in/contact.html
| access-date =2009-10-13}}</ref>
* Innovassynth Technologies Limited (Formerly Indian Organic Chemicals)<ref>{{cite web
| title =Innovassynth Technologies Limited
| url =http://www.innovassynth.com/
| access-date =2009-10-13}}</ref>
* Isibars Limited, Special Steels Division<ref>{{cite web| title =Isibars Limited| url =http://www.isibar.com/contact.html| access-date =2009-10-13| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100509052909/http://www.isibar.com/contact.html| archive-date =9 May 2010| df =dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Mahindra Ugine Steel|Mahindra Sanyo Pvt Ltd]]
* Mohan Rockey Spring Water Breweries Limited<ref>{{cite web| title =India Breweries| date =2007-09-06| url =http://www.beercoasters.it/INDIABREW.HTM| access-date =2009-10-13| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090619104651/http://www.beercoasters.it/INDIABREW.HTM| archive-date =19 June 2009| df =dmy-all}}</ref>
* Paper & Pulp Conversions Ltd (PAPCO), a pioneering paper & paperboard mill started by industrialist [[Baburaoji Parkhe]]. The first industry in Khopoli which brought electricity to the town. Started operations in Khopoli in 1949 and closed down in 1990.
* SANPlast PVT LTD Limited<ref>{{cite web
| title =SANPlast Pvt LTD
| url =http://www.sanplast.com/homepage.htm
| access-date =2016-08-17}}</ref>
* Tata Hydro Electric Power Supply Company Limited<ref>{{cite web
| title =Indian Network
| url =http://www.tatapower.com/aboutus/indiannetwork/khopoli.html
| access-date =2009-10-13}}</ref>
*Tata steel BSL
* [[Wärtsilä]] India Limited.<ref>{{cite web
| title =Wärtsilä in India
| url =http://www.wartsila.com/in,en,home,,,,,,.htm
| access-date =2009-10-13}}</ref> Wärtsilä Corp, its parent company, is a Finland-based equipment provider; it plans to convert this unit into a global manufacturing and sourcing unit.<ref>{{Citation
| last =Mukherjee
| first =Promit
| title =Wartsila sees Khopoli unit as global hub
| newspaper =DNA
| date =2008-08-19
| url =http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_wartsila-sees-khopoli-unit-as-global-hub_1184228
| access-date =2009-12-04
}}</ref>
* Wheelabrator Alloy Castings Limited<ref>{{cite web
|last=Runwal
|first=S. S.
|title=43rd Annual report 2002-2003
|publisher=Wheelabrator Alloy Castings Limited
|date=2003-08-28
|url=https://www.reportjunction.com/Preview/Wheelabrator-Alloy-Castings-Ltd-2003-45656.htm
|format=PDF
|access-date=2009-12-04
}} {{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Zenith Steel Pipes Limited<ref>{{cite web| title =Zenith Steel Pipes Limited| url =http://www.zenithsteelpipes.com/homepage.htm| access-date =2009-10-13| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090911022042/http://www.zenithsteelpipes.com/homepage.htm| archive-date =11 September 2009| df =dmy-all}}</ref>

==Educational institutions==
Various institutions run schools, colleges and a polytechnic.

===Khalapur Taluka Shikshan Prasarak Mandal===
Khalapur Taluka Shikshan Prasarak Mandal runs the following institutions in Khopoli:<ref name="result">{{cite web| last =Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education| title =Result summary| publisher =Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education| date =February 2009| url =http://mahresult.nic.in/hsc2010/divi4/H4-COLP.htm| access-date =2009-12-04| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100528081842/http://www.mahresult.nic.in/hsc2010/divi4/H4-COLP.htm| archive-date =28 May 2010| df =dmy-all}}</ref>
# Yak Public School (English Medium School CBSE affiliated)
# Maharashtra IAS/MPSC Academy
# Jagdish Chandra Mahindra Memorial School
# Shishu Mandir Khopoli (English Medium School)
#Vasant Deshmukh Memorial school and college
# Janata Vidyalaya Junior College
# Janata Vidyalaya (Marathi Medium School)
# Khopoli Hindi Vidyalaya (Hindi Medium School)
# K. M. C. College (affiliated to Mumbai University)<ref>{{cite web
|first1 = G.
|last1 = Pankajam
|first2 = T. D.
|last2 = Sreedharan
|first3 = B.M.
|last3 = Bhalla
|title = Report of the Peer Team On the Institutional Accreditation of the K. T. S. P. Mandal's K. M. C. College, Khopoli, Khalapur, 410203, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra.
|date = 2004-02-27
|url = http://naacindia.org/Reports/1251.doc
|access-date = 2009-10-13
|archive-date = 25 February 2025
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250225170507/http://naacindia.org/Reports/1251.doc
|url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title = Affiliation - University Affiliated Colleges - Arts - Colleges
|publisher = University of Mumbai
|url = http://www.mu.ac.in/colleges/arts/navimumbai.html
|access-date = 2009-12-10
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090803224325/http://www.mu.ac.in/colleges/arts/navimumbai.html
|archive-date = 3 August 2009
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
# Khopoli Polytechnic<ref>{{cite web| title =Diploma Engineering Institutes offering Diploma Programmes in two shifts.| date =2008-09-10| url =http://www.dte.org.in/download/Diploma_Double_Shift_Approved_2008-09.doc| format =PDF| access-date =2009-12-10| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100802044745/http://www.dte.org.in/download/Diploma_Double_Shift_Approved_2008-09.doc| archive-date =2 August 2010| df =dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title =Programmes in School of Science and Technology : Prospectus
| publisher =Dr. Rajendra Vadnere, Acting Registrar, Yeshwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik
| date =June 2009
| url =http://ycmou.digitaluniversity.ac/WebFiles/Prospectus2009-2010.pdf
| access-date =2009-12-10
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110531145431/http://ycmou.digitaluniversity.ac/WebFiles/Prospectus2009-2010.pdf
| archive-date =31 May 2011
| url-status =dead
}}</ref>
# Sahyadri Vidyalaya
# Zenith High School (English Medium School)
# Gagangiri English International School, Khopoli
# Anand Shala, Khopoli

==Culture, religion, and tourism ==
Khopoli has a "fine oval shaped reservoir" and a temple of God [[Shiva|Mahadev]] as Vireshwar built by Nana Phadnavis. The reservoir is built of solid and strong black rock and is oval shaped. The circumference of the reservoir is about 1207 m and it covers an area of about 75000 sq m. The reservoir holds excellent water throughout the year. The reservoir has surrounding walls also built in stone and are of a width of about 1.5 m to 1.8 m. The reservoir has stone steps leading to the water. The temple is of a height of about 22.9 m m from the base to the top and the foundation measures 12.2 m x 6.1 m. Inside is the image of God Shiva. The Sabha [[mandap]] measures about 6.1 m x 3.1 m. At the entrance of the temple is a [[samadhi#As mausoleum|samadhi]]. A fair is held in honor of the temple deity on [[Mahasivaratri|Mahashivaratri]] day - [[Maagha]] Vadya 13.<ref name = "KDZ"/><ref name = "TDG"/>

The PAPCO Mill complex has a [[Parashurama]] temple and [[Fire]] temple or [[Agni]] [[Mandir]] which was built in 1971.<ref>[[Parashurama]]</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = List of Social Initiatives
| url =http://www.parkhe.org
| access-date =2013-12-07 }}</ref>
The Gagangiri Maharaj Ashram is located in Khopoli, it is there that [[Gagangiri Maharaj]] died on 4 February 2008.<ref>{{cite web
| title =Mahayogi Sri Sri Gagangiri Maharaj mahasamadhi
| url =http://www.gagangiri.org/mahasamadhi.html
| access-date =2009-12-04 }}</ref>

The Akhil Bharatha Ayyappa Seva Sangham, includes the Ayyappa Temple, in its list of [[Ayyappa]] temples in India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web
|last = Akhila Bharatha Ayyappa Seva Sangham
|title = List of Ayyappa temples in India and abroad.
|publisher = Akhila Bharatha Ayyappa Seva Sangham
|date = 2009-11-08
|url = http://saranamayyappa.com/List_of_Ayyappan_Temples_in_India_and_Abroad.htm#Maharashtra
|access-date = 2009-12-04
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050117064230/http://saranamayyappa.com/List_of_Ayyappan_Temples_in_India_and_Abroad.htm#Maharashtra
|archive-date = 17 January 2005
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>

The major tourist attractions in the city include [[Adlabs Imagica]], which is India's largest theme park. Mahad Ganpati Temple, Zenith Waterfalls, and [[Gagangiri Maharaj|Gangangiri]] Maharaj Ashram [[Lonavala]] is just 8 km away from the city.

== Notable people ==
*[[Raghunath Vaman Dighe]] (1896–1980), Marathi writer

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}
{{Raigad district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Raigad district]]

Nanpara Assembly constituency

2026-01-30T23:32:04Z

Md Rifat:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nanpara
| map_image = 283-Nanpara.svg
| mla = [[Ram Niwas Verma]]
| party = {{Party index link|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = Madhuri Verma
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,43,881
| constituency_no = 283
}}

'''Nanpara''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Nanpara in the [[Bahraich district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. Nanpara is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 283 amongst 403 constituencies. It is represented by [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)|Apna Dal]]'s candidate [[Ram Niwas Verma]] who won in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="election2017-1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nanpara.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<ref name="election2002">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3260-uttar-pradesh-2002/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|Jata Shankar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|Waris Ali
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Madhuri Verma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Ram Niwas Verma]]<ref name="election2022"/>
|{{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)|dab=y}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nanpara<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Ram Niwas Verma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:87689}}
|percentage = 43.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Madhuri Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:75505}}
|percentage = 37.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Hakikat Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:17949}}
|percentage = 8.99
|change = -4.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Maulana Laik Ahmad Shah
|votes = {{formatnum:3965}}
|percentage = 1.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kuleraj Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2383}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change = -0.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = A. M. Siddiquie
|votes = {{formatnum:2154}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change = -33.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2403}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change = -0.44
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12184}}
|percentage = 6.1
|change = -3.57
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:199694}}
|percentage = 58.07
|change = -0.13
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nanpara<ref name="election2017"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Madhuri Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:86312}}
|percentage = 44.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Waris Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:67643}}
|percentage = 35.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Abdul Waheed
|votes = {{formatnum:25430}}
|percentage = 13.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kuleraj Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:3131}}
|percentage = 1.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Kriparam
|votes = {{formatnum:2281}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Kranti Party
|candidate = Yaseen
|votes = {{formatnum:2070}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3121}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18669}}
|percentage = 9.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:193040}}
|percentage = 58.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.87|81.50|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bahraich district]]

Narayanpur, Taraiya block

2026-01-21T13:20:22Z

Md Rifat: stub - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
'''Narayanpur''' is a village in Taraiya block, [[Saran district]] of [[Bihar]], India. {{As of|2011|alt=As of}} the [[2011 Census of India]], it had a population of 6,253 across 1053 households.<ref>{{Cite 2011 census of India|32809|Narayanpur}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|25|52|25|N|84|58|40|E|type:city_region:IN-BR|display=title}}
{{Saran district}}

[[Category:Villages in Saran district]]

{{Saran-geo-stub}}

Department of Water Resources (Kerala)

2026-01-21T04:21:17Z

Md Rifat: Added Details...

{{Short description|Water resources management department in Kerala}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Water Resources
| type = Department
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.svg
| logo_width = 120px
| jurisdiction = Kerala, India
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala
| minister1_name = [[Roshy Augustine]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Water Resources
| chief1_name = Biswanath Sinha IAS
| chief1_position = Additional Chief Secretary (Water Resources)
| parent_department = [[Government of Kerala]]
| child1_agency = [[Kerala Water Authority]]
| child2_agency = [https://www.irrigation.kerala.gov.in/|Kerala Irrigation Department]
| website = {{URL|https://waterresources.kerala.gov.in}}
}}

The '''Department of Water Resources''' is an administrative department of the [[Government of Kerala]] responsible for the management, conservation, distribution, and regulation of surface and groundwater resources across the state. The department oversees irrigation development, dam and reservoir management, flood control activities, inter-state water sharing management, and planning of water infrastructure projects.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Department of Water Resources – Government of Kerala |url=https://waterresources.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=waterresources.kerala.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

The department formulates policies, executes major and minor irrigation projects, monitors river basins, and manages water-related infrastructure through multiple specialised agencies, boards, and missions. Its headquarters is located in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala.

== Ministerial Team ==
The Water Resources Department is headed by a [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]] of the Government of Kerala, and the incumbent Minister is [[Roshy Augustine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Council of Ministers – Government of Kerala |url=https://niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/chief_minister/ministers |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=niyamasabha.nic.in}}</ref>

Administratively, the department is headed by an [[Additional Chief Secretary]] to Government, an officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS).<ref name=":1">[https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf Rules of Business – Government of Kerala]</ref>

== Functions ==
The Department of Water Resources is responsible for:
* Policy formulation on irrigation and water management.<ref name=":0" />
* Construction and maintenance of dams, reservoirs, and irrigation canals.
* Groundwater development and regulation through appropriate authorities.
* Implementation of flood control and river bank protection activities.
* Inter-state water sharing negotiation and dispute resolution (where applicable).
* Administration of water resources missions, authorities, and project implementation units.<ref name=":1" />

== Subordinate Organizations ==

=== Directorates / Field Departments ===
* [[Irrigation Department (Kerala)|Irrigation Department]]
* Ground Water Department<ref>{{cite web |title=Ground Water Department – Government of Kerala |url=https://groundwater.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>
* Water Resources Management Directorate (WRMD)

=== Autonomous Bodies / Corporations ===
* [[Kerala Water Authority]] (KWA)
* Kerala Water Resources Development Corporation (KWRDC)
* [[Kerala Irrigation Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited|Kerala Irrigation Infrastructure Development Corporation]] (KIIDC)<ref>{{cite web |title=KIIDC – Kerala Irrigation Infrastructure Development Corporation |url=https://kiidc.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>
* Command Area Development Authority (CADA)

=== Major Projects & Missions ===
* Major & Minor Irrigation Projects
* Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP)
* River Rejuvenation & Basin Development Initiatives

== Water Infrastructure ==
The Department of Water Resources oversees the management and maintenance of dams, reservoirs, canals, and irrigation infrastructure in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Dam Database |url=https://dam.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reservoirs of Kerala {{!}} Fisheries Department - Kerala |url=https://fisheries.kerala.gov.in/en/reservoirs-kerala |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=fisheries.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>

See: [[List of dams and reservoirs in Kerala|List of dams and reservoirs in India]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Sl. No.
! Infrastructure Category
! Total
! Managed by
|-
| 1 || Dams & Reservoirs || 81 || Irrigation Department
|-
| 2 || Major Irrigation Projects || 3 || Irrigation Department
|-
| 3 || Medium Irrigation Projects || 37 || Irrigation Department
|-
| 4 || Minor Irrigation Schemes || 240+ || Ground Water Department / Irrigation Dept.
|-
| 5 || Lift Irrigation Schemes || 120+ || Irrigation Department / KIIDC
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Kerala]]
[[Category:Water in India]]
[[Category:Irrigation in India]]

Telenor India

2026-01-17T13:14:45Z

Md Rifat: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{short description|Indian telecommunication company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Telenor India
| trading_name =
| logo = Telenor Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| predecessor = Unitech Wireless Limited
| founded = {{Start date|2007}}
| defunct = {{End date and age|df=yes|2019|05|14}}
| fate = Acquired by [[Bharti Airtel]]
| hq_location = [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]]
| hq_location_city = [[New Delhi]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = India
| key_people = Sharad Mehrotra ([[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])<ref name="telenor.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.telenor.com/about-us/global-presence/india|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224104032/http://www.telenor.com/about-us/global-presence/india|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2017|title=Telenor Group - Uninor, India|work=Telenor Group|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>
| industry = [[Telecommunication]]s
| services = [[Mobile telephony]] [[Wireless internet]]
| revenue =
| revenue_year = 
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| owner = [[Bharti Airtel]]
| members = 36.15 Million (2018)
| num_employees = 4,010<ref name="telenor.com"/>
| num_employees_year = Q4 2016
| parent = [[Telenor Group]]
| footnotes =
| former_name = uninor Communications Services Pvt Ltd
}}

'''Telenor (India) Communications Private Limited''', formerly known as '''Uninor''', was an [[Mobile network operators of India|Indian mobile network operator]]. The company was a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Norway|Norwegian]] telecommunications company [[Telenor|Telenor Group]]. In February 2017, Telenor Group announced merging the India business with [[Bharti Airtel]] in a no-cash deal with liability of Airtel to take over the outstanding spectrum payments of Rs 1,650 crore post necessary regulatory approvals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://previewtech.net/telecom-regulations-india-2019/ |title=Telecom Regulations in India |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528185023/https://previewtech.net/telecom-regulations-india-2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{As of|April 2018}}, it had 36.15 million subscribers.<ref name="May18">{{cite web|url=https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PRNo81Eng18072018_0.pdf|title=Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 31st May, 2018|date=18 July 2018|publisher=[[Telecom Regulatory Authority of India]]|access-date=29 August 2018}} {{deadlink|date=September 2025}}</ref> On 14 May 2018, DoT gave the final approval required for merging of Telenor India with Bharti Airtel.

== History ==
===Foundation and growth===
[[File:Baksaas Fredrik Uninor launch 2009.jpg|thumb|240px|Telenor CEO [[Jon Fredrik Baksaas]] launching Uninor in 2009]]
The company Unitech Wireless Limited, a subsidiary of [[Unitech Group]], was incorporated in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=49901438 | title=Stocks | website=[[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref> The same year, the company was awarded wireless services licences for all 22 [[telecom circle]]s. Subsequently, Unitech Group and [[Telenor|Telenor Group]] agreed to enter a [[joint venture]] where Telenor would inject fresh equity investments of {{INR}}61.35 billion into Unitech Wireless to take a majority stake in the company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vodafone emerges as frontrunner for buying out Telenor's operations in India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/vodafone-emerges-as-frontrunner-for-buying-out-telenors-operations-in-india/articleshow/53070430.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=12 September 2016|last1=Gupta|first1=Deepali}}</ref> This was operating capital invested directly in Unitech Wireless by Telenor Group. Telenor Group conducted these investments in four tranches, subsequent to approvals from the [[Foreign Investment Promotion Board]] (FIPB) and the Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs (CCEA) took 67.25% ownership of Unitech Wireless.<ref>[http://www.telenorgroup.com/en/news-and-media/news/2009/unitech-wireless-application-approval Telenor.com - Approval of Unitech Wireless’ application to increase foreign shareholding announced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125042839/http://www.telenorgroup.com/en/news-and-media/news/2009/unitech-wireless-application-approval |date=25 November 2009 }}. 16 October 2008.</ref> In September 2007, Unitech Wireless announced its brand name as Uninor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecomtalk.info/unitech-wireless-changes-to-uninor/10035/|title=Unitech Wireless Changes to UNINOR | TelecomTalk}}</ref>

Uninor launched in eight [[telecom circle]]s on 3 December 2007,<ref>{{cite news|title=Telenor hangs up on India, to sell business to Airtel - The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/airtel-buying-telenor-india-to-ward-off-jio-threat/articleshow/57315774.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref> after completing one of the world's largest GSM Greenfield launches which was also one of the fastest telecom roll-outs ever in India. According to Uninor, the brand was built around an ambition to serve the young, aspiring India. Six months later, 5 additional circles were launched including metropolitan areas like [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Uninor facilitated rapid scaling of the company through a lean operation model, where a large share of the network infrastructure is outsourced to business partners. Uninor's modern equipment enabled it to introduce targeted offerings and serve a large audience with limited spectrum.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} Uninor introduced [[Time-based pricing|dynamic pricing]], a concept that gives consumers discounts that are based on current network traffic at an individual site and change with location and time. Over the summer of 2010, the company further simplified its strategy with a focus on three core areas – excellence in mass market distribution, basic services and cost efficient operations. Changes were also made to the product mix and marketing– making them simpler, more direct and clearly positioning Uninor as an affordable mass market service.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Deepali |date=2014-08-13 |title=Uninor bets on pricing plan to increase subscriber base |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/uninor-bets-on-pricing-plan-to-increase-subscriber-base/articleshow/40134361.cms |access-date=2023-03-17 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Uninor grew from 0 to 45.6 million customers (as of Q2 2012) within less than two years, and emerged as the most successful of the new entrants that obtained licenses in 2006. The company had more than double the subscribers of all of the other entrants combined.

===License cancellations===
On 2 February 2012, the [[Supreme Court of India]] cancelled 122 licenses of 22 mobile operators, including Uninor. In July 2012, Uninor decided to gradually scale down operations in 4 telecom circles - [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]]. The objective was to strengthen the focus on the top performing circles ahead of the [[Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction#2012 Spectrum Auction|2012 spectrum auction]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/article3679206.ece | title= Uninor to scale down in four circles, step up in the East| date= 25 July 2012}}</ref> Uninor eventually shut down services in those 4 circles. In the 2012 auction, Uninor won back licences and spectrum in 6 telecom circles - Uttar Pradesh (East), Uttar Pradesh (West) & Uttarakhand, Bihar & Jharkhand, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh & Telangana.<ref>Biswas, Rudradeep. (2012-11-26) [http://telecomtalk.info/tt-special-2g-map-india/102951/#more-102951 TT Special: 2G Map of India]. Telecomtalk.info. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref> Uninor was about shut down services in [[Rajasthan]], Punjab and West Bengal circles on 18 January 2013 but the deadline was extended to 16 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Crickex {{!}} About company |url=https://crickex-bangladesh.com/about/ |access-date=2023-03-17}}</ref> The Supreme Court on 15 February 2013 ordered companies that did not win spectrum in the November 2012 auction to immediately discontinue operations.<ref>[http://telecomtalk.info/uninor-to-close-down-its-services-in-rajasthan-today/104520 Uninor to close down its services in Rajasthan Today]. Telecomtalk.info. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref>

Uninor shut down services in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[West Bengal]] after midnight on 16 February 2013.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Uninor-shuts-shop-18-lakh-Rajasthan-users-stranded/articleshow/18550378.cms Uninor shuts shop in Rajasthan, 18 lakh users stranded, remaining circles to continue operations - The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/uninor-shuts-shop-in-rajasthan-18-lakh-customers-hit-628988.html|title=Uninor shuts shop in Rajasthan, 18 lakh customers hit|work=Firstpost|date=18 February 2013|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref> According to a Uninor spokesperson, almost all Uninor subscribers in Punjab and West Bengal had [[Mobile number portability|ported out]] by 16 February 2013, as Uninor had informed them to do so in December 2012. The spokesperson further claimed that the "sudden apex court order did not give us [Uninor] the opportunity to inform Mumbai customers in advance". At the time of service shutting, Uninor still had 1.8 million subscribers in Mumbai.<ref>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/uninor-shuts-network-in-kolkata-west-bengal-mumbai-circles/article4425178.ece Uninor shuts network in Kolkata, West Bengal, Mumbai circles | Business Line]. Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved on 28 July 2013.</ref>

===Unitech exit and re-branding===
Following the cancellation of Uninor's licences, Unitech and Telenor were involved in a dispute over control of Uninor. In October 2012, the two companies signed an agreement under which Unitech transferred Uninor assets to Telenor and exited the joint venture. Telenor subsequently formed Telewings Communications Services Private Limited, a joint venture with Lakshdeep Investments & Finance. Telenor held a 49% stake in Telewings. In December 2013, Telenor raised its stake in the company to 74%.<ref>http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/telenor-invests-rs-1000-cr-to-raise-stake-in-telewings-to-74/article5508438.ece {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

In 2014, Telenor Group raised its stake to control 100% of Telewings, and the company became a wholly owned subsidiary. On 23 September 2015, Uninor announced it has re-branded itself as Telenor India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/uninor-changes-name-to-telenor-expands-call-drop-refund-plan-743544 | title=Uninor Changes Name to Telenor, Expands Call Drop Refund Plan | publisher=NDTV | date=23 September 2015 | access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="hind1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/uninor-rebrands-itself-as-telenor-in-india/article7681401.ece|title=Uninor re-brands itself as Telenor in India|access-date=23 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=23 September 2015}}</ref> The Telenor Group spent {{INR}}100 crore on the re-branding exercise. The logotype, font and the visual expression follows that of the Telenor Group. Telenor India CEO Vivek Sood also stated that the company had broken even within four years of operations.<ref name="hind1"/> Telewings Communications Services Private Limited was subsequently renamed Telenor (India) Communications Private Limited.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms and Conditions|url=https://www.telenor.in/p/term-condition|website=www.telenor.in|access-date=24 February 2017|archive-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025061535/https://www.telenor.in/p/term-condition|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Sale to Bharti Airtel===
On 2 January 2017, ''[[The Economic Times]]'' reported that [[Bharti Airtel]] had entered into discussions with Telenor India to acquire the latter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Airtel in advanced talks with Telenor to buy its India business|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/airtel-in-advance-talks-with-telenor-to-buy-its-india-business/articleshow/56302830.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bharti Airtel in talks with Telenor to buy India business for $350 million: ET Now|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/56292228.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> On 23 February 2017, Airtel announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with Telenor South Asia Investments Pte Ltd to acquire Telenor (India) Communications Pvt. Ltd. As part of the deal, Airtel will acquire Telenor India's assets and customers in all seven telecom circles that the latter operates in - Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh (East), Uttar Pradesh (West) and Assam. Airtel will gain 43.4 MHz spectrum in the 1800 MHz band from the Telenor acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Raj|first1=Amrit|title=Airtel buys Telenor India amid battle with Reliance Jio|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/67gRgc87zTripp7wjsDorJ/Airtel-to-buy-Telenor-operations-in-seven-circles.html|website=Mint|access-date=23 February 2017|date=23 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telenor exits India as Airtel acquires local arm to fight Reliance Jio|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/telenor-exits-india-as-airtel-acquires-its-operations/story-Lt5i5JDUafAnLvAfm6GdHP.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 February 2017|language=en|date=23 February 2017}}</ref> In June 2017, Bharti Airtel received regulatory approval from [[Competition Commission of India|CCI]], [[Securities and Exchange Board of India|SEBI]] and the stock exchanges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/cci-approves-airtel-telenor-merger/59013263|title = CCI approves Airtel-Telenor merger - ET Telecom}}</ref> The deal was approved by the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT) in August 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reporters|first1=B. S.|title=NCLT approves Airtel-Telenor merger|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/nclt-approves-airtel-telenor-merger-117080300038_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=18 November 2017|date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel and Telenor receive NCLT nod for proposed merger - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/airtel-and-telenor-receive-nclt-nod-for-proposed-merger/59892811|website=ETTelecom.com|access-date=18 November 2017|language=en}}</ref>

On 21 September 2017, Airtel received its shareholders approval for acquisition of Telenor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharti Airtel Gets Shareholders' Nod For Telenor Merger|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/2017/09/21/bharti-airtel-gets-shareholders-nod-for-telenor-merger|website=Bloomberg Quint|access-date=18 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> NCLT approved the merger in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/airtel-gets-shareholders-nod-for-amalgamation-with-telenor-2394273.html|title = Airtel gets shareholders' nod for amalgamation with Telenor}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NCLT clears Bharti Airtel's buyout of Telenor|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/nclt-clears-bharti-airtels-buyout-of-telenor/63220929|access-date=23 April 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=8 March 2018}}</ref> Airtel plans to retain around 4,000 of Telenor India and Tata Teleservices employees.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sengupta|first1=Devina|title=Airtel to keep 4,000 Telenor, Tata Tele staff post merger|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/page-16-airtel-to-keep-4000-telenor-tata-tele-staff-post-merger/articleshow/62612182.cms|access-date=23 April 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Supreme Court allowed sale to Airtel by dismissing telecom department's order to Airtel to furnish a bank guarantee.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC paves way for Airtel to buy Telenor India|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/sc-paves-way-for-airtel-to-buy-telenor-india/articleshow/64097415.cms|last1=Aulakh|first1=Gulveen}}</ref>
[[Department of Telecommunications|Department of Telecom]] approved the merger of Telenor India with Bharti Airtel on 14 May 2018 paving the way for final commercial closing of the merger between the two companies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/dot-approves-merger-of-bharti-airtel-and-telenor-india/articleshow/64157286.cms|title = DoT approves Bharti Airtel and Telenor India merger|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Aulakh|first1 = Gulveen}}</ref>

==Network==
===Radio frequency summary===
As of February 2017, Telenor India owns spectrum in 1800 MHz band, across 7 [[telecom circle]] areas in the [[India|country]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://telecomtalk.info/india-spectrum-data-sheet/134245/|publisher=Telecom Talk|access-date=30 November 2015|title=Pan India 2015 spectrum holding data sheet (updated)}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | [[Telecom circle]] coverage
! scope="col" | [[GSM]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 1800[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 3]]
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Assam]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Eastern Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (East)]]|| {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Haryana]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Mumbai]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Kolkata]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Western Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (West)]] || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] || {{ya|color=}}
|}

===4G launch===
In February 2016, Telenor launched 4G services in the city of [[Varanasi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Norwegian telecom firm Telenor to launch 4G in India within 6 months|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/norwegian-telecom-firm-telenor-to-launch-4g-in-india-within-6-months-301294.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=12 September 2016|date=25 February 2016}}</ref> The company deployed [[NarrowBand IOT|narrow-band]] LTE on 1800 MHz spectrum. The network is the world's first commercial lean GSM network. Lean GSM is a technology developed by [[Huawei]] that compresses data to improve the efficiency of spectrum. Telenor refarmed 1.4 MHz of its 2G voice spectrum for data, maintaining the same voice quality while utilizing less spectrum.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=B. S.|title=Telenor to roll out 4G in 55 cities using lean GSM tech|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/telenor-to-roll-out-4g-in-55-cities-using-lean-gsm-tech-116040800311_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=9 April 2016|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telenor narrow-band LTE goes live in Varanasi city, offers ultra-affordable data packs {{!}} ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/telenor-narrow-band-lte-goes-live-in-varanasi-city-offers-ultra-affordable-data-packs/51404522|website=ETTelecom.com|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telenor India and Huawei Commercialize World's First Lean GSM Solution-huawei press center|url=https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2016/2/World-First-Lean-GSM-Solution|website=huawei|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>

===Discontinued operations===
Telenor discontinued its operations in seven [[telecom circle]] areas:
* [[West Bengal]] (shut down services after midnight on 16 February 2013)
* [[Karnataka]] (gradually scaled down from July 2012)
* [[Kerala]] (gradually scaled down from July 2012)
* [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] (gradually scaled down from July 2012)
* [[Maharashtra]] & Goa (shut down services after midnight on 16 February 2013)
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] (gradually scaled down from July 2012)
* [[Rajasthan]] (shut down services after midnight on 16 February 2013)<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/uninor-shuts-ops-in-rajasthan-after-sc-order-113021700340_1.html | title=Uninor shuts ops in Rajasthan after SC order | work=Business Standard | date=18 February 2013 | access-date=2013-07-28| last1=Mitra | first1=Sounak }}</ref>

==Subscriber base==
Telenor India had a subscriber base of 41.91 million in total across India, according to [[Telecom Regulatory Authority of India]] (TRAI) as of December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 31st December, 2017|date=16 February 2018|url=http://www.trai.gov.in/notifications/press-release/press-release-telecom-subscription-data-31st-december-2017}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===2G license controversy===
{{main|2G spectrum case}}

Unitech Wireless was one of the would-be telecom companies that received 2G licenses in 2006. The method chosen by the authorities to allocate these licenses later became subject to controversy as part of the 2G license allocation case. Licenses were awarded through a first come-first served process, where eight companies belonging to the Unitech Group were awarded telecom licenses. The licenses obtained by the telecom arm of the Unitech Group were the basis for Telenor Group's investment into the joint venture. Unitech Wireless companies were later amalgamated into one company, Unitech Wireless (Tamil Nadu) Pvt. Ltd. The Telenor Group invested {{INR}}61.35 billion through new shares to hold 67.25% majority stake in the company. This investment was used as working capital for the joint venture. Telenor's investments in Unitech Wireless was cleared at each stage by FIPB.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Due to the controversy of the 2G license allocation case, Unitech Ltd.'s Managing Director [[Sanjay Chandra]] together with the company Unitech Wireless came under investigation by the Indian [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI). These investigations were connected to Unitech Wireless at a point when the company was fully owned by the Unitech Group. Subsequently, Unitech's Managing Director and the erstwhile chairman of the board of Unitech Wireless, Sanjay Chandra, together with individuals from other telecom operators were taken into custody in early 2011. He was released on bail, amid pendency of the case in Indian courts.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/2g-scam-sanjay-chandra-unitech-cbi-prosecutor-ak-singh-alleged-conversation-153905-2013-02-12 2G scam: Revoke Unitech MD Sanjay Chandra's bail, say legal experts : North, News - India Today]. Indiatoday.intoday.in (2013-02-13). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref>

In February 2012, a special court consisting of two Supreme Court justices issued a judgment in a [[public interest litigation]] (PIL) case connected to the 2008 allocation of [[telecom circle]] licenses. The judgment directed the Indian telecom regulator, TRAI, to recommend a process for re-allocation of the 121 licenses that were issued in 2008. The court ordered this process to be concluded within four months, i.e. by June 2012. This deadline was later extended to September 2012 and then to January 2013. Uninor services and operations continues uninterrupted.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

[[Telenor]] Group on 21 February 2012 also announced its intention to form a new entity in India with which its Indian operations will be taken forward. This new entity will serve as the platform to approach the upcoming auctions for fresh licenses as mandated by the Supreme Court. The new entity will also seek requisite approvals from the FIPB to allow Telenor Group to take up 74% ownership.<ref>[http://www.telenor.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/2012/telenor-group-seeks-indemnities-from-unitech-limited-as-it-gets-ready-for-a-new-future-in-india Telenor Group seeks indemnities from Unitech Limited as it gets ready for a new future in India - Telenor Group]. Telenor.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref>

Uninor on 1 August 2012 said it would auction all of its telecom business before it becomes non-operational on 7 September, the deadline set by the apex court for winding up of operations of all the firms whose licences had been cancelled. The move was strongly opposed by the firm's minority stakeholder Unitech and it threatened to initiate legal action, if Uninor goes ahead with the auction.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/SectorsInfotech/Uninor-plans-to-auction-telecom-business-Unitech-opposes/Article1-906408.aspx| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120802033243/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/SectorsInfotech/Uninor-plans-to-auction-telecom-business-Unitech-opposes/Article1-906408.aspx| url-status= dead| archive-date= 2 August 2012|title= Uninor plans to auction telecom business; Unitech opposes| date= 1 August 2012}}</ref> Telenor in August 2012 said it would buy out Unitech Wireless for "{{INR}}4,190 [[crore]]", if there are no bidders for the Indian mobile phone operator's assets.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/telenor-to-buy-unitech-wireless-for-rs-4190-crore-if-no-bidders-found/articleshow/15317999.cms|title=Telenor to buy Unitech Wireless for Rs 4,190 crore if no bidders found | date= 2 August 2012}}</ref> A settlement between the parties was made in October 2012 with Unitech Ltd. committing to dispose of all its shares in Unitech Wireless,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131026145758/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-11/news/34387272_1_uninor-brand-uninor-board-unitech-and-telenor Unitech reaches settlement on Uninor JV with Telenor - Economic Times]. Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</ref> which lead to the rebranding of the company as "Telenor India" in September 2015.

==Awards and recognition==
Telenor India has won many recognitions and industry awards for its business practices and sustainability programs:{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

2016:
* Telenor Suraksha gets Efma award in the 'Best Disruptive Product or Service' category
* Telenor India's Free Life Insurance & Rebranding Campaign, Lean GSM and Project Sampark get 2016 Voice & Data Telecom Leadership Conference & Award
2015:
* Telenor's Project Sampark has been recognised with the Aegis Graham Bell Awards 2015
* Exchange4media IPRCC Awards 2015 under the CSR & Not-for-profit
* Telenor India five times winner of the Greentech Safety Award-August 2015
* Project Sampark wins award for excellence in CSR August 2015
* Greentech CSR Gold Award
* British Safety Council ISA
* Greentech Env. Gold Award
* BSC Global Sector Award
* Greentech Platinum Safety Award
2014:
* CII Star Award for Safety Management
* Greentech Gold Award for outstanding Achievement in Safety Management
* Greentech Environment Excellence Gold Award
* British Safety Council International Safety Award with Distinction
* British Safety Council Global Sector Award
2013:
* Greentech Gold Award for outstanding Achievement in Safety Management
* Greentech Environmental Excellence Gold Award
* British Safety Council International Safety award with Merit
2012:
* Greentech Gold Award for outstanding Achievement in Safety Management
* Greentech Environmental Excellence Gold Award
* British Safety Council International Safety Award with Merit
2011:
* Greentech Gold Award for outstanding Achievement in Safety Management

==See also==
* [[Telenor Group]]
* [[Unitech Group]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.telenor.in/}}
* [http://www.telenor.com/ Telenor Group]

{{Telecommunication companies of India}}
{{Telenor}}

[[Category:Telenor]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of India]]
[[Category:Internet service providers of India]]
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of India]]
[[Category:2G spectrum case]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2009]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 2009]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 2018]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2018]]
[[Category:Bharti Airtel]]

Erra Sainyam

2026-01-15T05:58:21Z

Md Rifat: Added New Stub...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Erra Sainyam
| image = Erra Sainyam poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[R. Narayana Murthy]]
| writer = [[P. L. Narayana]] (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story = R. Narayana Murthy
| based_on = 
| producer = D. V. Raju
| starring = R. Narayana Murthy [[Narra Venkateswara Rao]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = R. Narayana Murthy
| editing = Mohan-Rama Rao
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Sneha Chitra Pictures
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1994|7|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Erra Sainyam''''' ({{Translation|Red army}})<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cardboard monuments: City, language and 'nation' in contemporary Telugu cinema|author=S. V. Srinivas|journal=Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography |date=13 March 2008|volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=87–100 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9493.2008.00321.x |doi-access=free|bibcode=2008SJTG...29...87S }}</ref> is a 1994 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by [[R. Narayana Murthy]] and starring himself and [[Narra Venkateswara Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pranam-khareedu-acharya-communism-telugu-cinema-and-red-hero-132063|title='Pranam Khareedu' to 'Acharya': Communism in Telugu cinema and the red hero|work=The News Minute|date=1 September 2020|first=Jahnavi|last=Reddy|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206212235/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pranam-khareedu-acharya-communism-telugu-cinema-and-red-hero-132063|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was screened in the mainstream section of the [[26th International Film Festival of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/peoples-star-nayaranamurthys-annadatha-sukhibhava-to-re-release-next-month/articleshow/64699583.cms|title=People's Star Nayaranamurthy's 'Annadatha Sukhibhava' to re-release next month|last=Jayakrishnan|work=The Times of India|access-date=2023-02-06|archive-date=2023-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206213451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/peoples-star-nayaranamurthys-annadatha-sukhibhava-to-re-release-next-month/articleshow/64699583.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pN1kAAAAMAAJ&q=erra+sainyam|title=26th International Film Festival of India '95, Bombay|page=171|date=1995}}</ref> The film was a "runaway hit".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html|title=Disappointing year for Telugu cinema|page=26|work=[[The Hindu]]|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=20 June 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961222223335/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html|archive-date=22 December 1996}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[R. Narayana Murthy]] as Singanna
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]]
*Sanjeevi
*Puranam Surya
*Spandana
*[[Guda Anjaiah]] as a judge<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eaik59igIMwC&dq=erra+sainyam&pg=PA150|title=A History of Telugu Dalit Literature|page=150|author=Thummapudi Bharathi|date=2008|publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=9788178356884 |access-date=2023-02-06|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207025619/https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Telugu_Dalit_Literature/eaik59igIMwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=erra+sainyam&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mukku Raju]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.sakshi.com/news/movies/senior-actor-choreographer-mukku-raju-is-no-more-153625|title=నృత్యదర్శకుడు ముక్కురాజు కన్నుమూత|work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|language=te|access-date=2023-02-06|archive-date=2023-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206213135/https://m.sakshi.com/news/movies/senior-actor-choreographer-mukku-raju-is-no-more-153625|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Telangana Shakuntala]]
*[[Udaya Bhanu (actress)|Udaya Bhanu]] as Singanna's sister<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/udayabhanu.html|title=Interview with Udaya Bhanu|date=14 May 2008|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209060151/https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/udayabhanu.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline =
| all_lyrics = Yadagiri, [[Guda Anjaiah]], Mande Satyam, Bhanuri Satyanarayana, Sadasivam
| all_music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6VeD4C3q0Q5WRvV7Vzwgul|title=Erra Sainyam|work=Spotify|access-date=2023-02-07|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207030149/https://open.spotify.com/album/6VeD4C3q0Q5WRvV7Vzwgul|url-status=live}}</ref>
| title1 = Palleletla
| extra1 = Vandemataram Srinivas
| length1 = 4:52
| title2 = Banzare Banzo
| extra2 = Vandemataram Srinivas
| length2 = 5:11
| title3 = Evunnadakko
| extra3 = Vandemataram Srinivas
| length3 = 5:07
| title4 = Bandenaka
| extra4 = Shankar
| length4 = 5:29
| title5 = Palakonda
| extra5 = Vandemataram Srinivas
| length5 = 6:03
| title6 = Ooru Manadira
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubramanyam]]
| length6 = 7:02
|total_length = 39:38
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was a box office success in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and prompted Narayana Murthy to star in ''[[Orey Rikshaw]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/in-search-of-new-narratives/article5189558.ece|title=In search of new narratives|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|first=Venkatesh|last=Chakravarthy|date=2 October 2013|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206212447/https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/in-search-of-new-narratives/article5189558.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film inspired many directors to make films in a similar [[naxalite]]-based films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rnarayanamurthy.html|title=Interview with R Narayana Murthy|date=7 August 2007|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019001400/https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rnarayanamurthy.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgqAQAAIAAJ&q=erra+sainyam|title=Megastar: Chiranjeevi and Telugu Cinema After N.T. Rama Rao|author=S. V. Srinivas|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-569308-9 |access-date=2023-02-06|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207025634/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Megastar/2dgqAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=erra+sainyam&dq=erra+sainyam&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref>

Goodipoodi Srihari of ''[[Eenadu|Sitara Weekly]]'' praised Murthy for directing in a political film with a serious subject, and Narayana for his dialogue. Srihari felt that the use of folk songs was the film's strength.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srihari |first=Goodipoodi |date=7 August 1994 |title=సినీ రివ్యూ - ఎర్ర సైన్యం |language=te |trans-title=Cine Review - Erra Sainyam |work=[[Eenadu|Sitara Weekly]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/QBO/0,0,3011,1860}}</ref>

== Remake ==
The film was remade in Hindi as ''Yeh Dhartee Hamaree Hai'' ({{Translation|The land is ours}}) (2007) by Narayana Murthy, who reprised his role, but the film was not released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/tabu-compared-to-smitha/articleshow/2283371.cms|title=Tabu compared to Smitha|date=16 August 2007|work=The Times of India|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926011835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/tabu-compared-to-smitha/articleshow/2283371.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-yehdhartihamari.html|title=Press Meet - Yeh Dharti Hamari|date=12 August 2007|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531074205/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-yehdhartihamari.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Telugu-language action drama films]]
[[Category:1994 action drama films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]

Lagnajita Chakraborty

2025-12-22T21:23:34Z

Md Rifat:

{{Short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=March 2025}}
{{Primary sources|date=March 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Lagnajita Chakraborty
| birth_name = Lagnajita Chakraborty
| origin = [[Kolkata]], India
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] Movie
| occupations = Singer, actress
| years_active = 2014–present
| associated_acts = [[Anupam Roy]]
}}
'''Lagnajita Chakraborty''' is an Indian playback singer. She contributed her voice mainly singing in Bengali films. She achieved fame with a soulful track in the movie ''[[Chotushkone]]'' called [[Chotushkone#Music|Basanto Eshe Geche (Female version)]].
==Personal life==
She was a student of [[Patha Bhavan, Kolkata]], [[Nava Nalanda High School]] and later [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]. She was one of the youngest singers from Kolkata to make a US musical tour.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033909/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=BENGAL-MUSICIANS-WHO-WILL-TOUR-THE-US-DURING-21092017105024 Article title]</ref> Chakraborty is recipient of "Sera Bangali" award of 2015, given by the ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/08/abp-ananda-recognises-bengali-achievers-with-sera-bangali-awards|title=ABP Ananda recognises Bengali achievers with Sera Bangali Awards|date=28 August 2015|access-date=26 December 2022|website=bestmediainfo.com|location=Delhi}}</ref>

==Acting==

She had a role in a Bengali movie called ''Jodi Bolo Hyan'', along with co-star Sreenanda Shankar. Other members of the cast included [[Mir]], [[Anirban Bhattacharya]], Sayan and Poulomi Basu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2015-08-08 |title=Catch Jodi Bolo Hyan's premiere tonight on Zee Bangla |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/catch-jodi-bolo-hyans-premiere-tonight-on-zee-bangla/articleshow/48403206.cms |access-date=2025-12-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Discography==

'''Films :'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Film !! Composer !! Notes
|-
|Odol Bodol<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapWKOzzIqQ |title=PENDULUM SONG : Odol Bodol (Female Version) |last=Pendulum atimetale |date=11 February 2014 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || 2014 || ''[[Pendulum (2014 film)|Pendulam]]'' || [[Mainak nag chowdhury]] || Film by [[Soukarya Ghosal]]
|-
|Bawshonto eshe gyache<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcA_POCLD68 |title=Bawshonto Eshe Geche Full Song (Female) - Bengali Film "Chotushkone" - Lagnajita Chakrborty |last=T-Series Regional |date=3 September 2014 |via=YouTube}}</ref> ||2014 || ''[[Chotushkone]]'' || [[Anupam Roy]] ||
|-
|Thake joto tarai dure<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCNaxmf5G-s |title=Onnyo Basanto - Bengali Music Song Video |last=ZeeBanglaCinema |date=8 April 2015 |via=YouTube}}</ref>|| 2015 || ''[[Onyo Bosonto]]'' || [[Moheener Ghoraguli]] ||
|-
|Sokhi Rongo Koto Bol<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zYhPaCUuJk&t=1175 |title=Rajkahini - রাজকাহিনী - Full Audio Jukebox - Srijit Mukherji - V Music - 2015 |last=SVF |date=29 November 2015 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || 2015 || ''[[Rajkahini]]'' || [[Indraadip Dasgupta]] ||
|-
|Aamar Maa,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNqcdXxfsfE |title=Aamar Maa (Full Song) I Mayer Biye I Bengali Movie I Lagnajita I Sreelekha Mitra - Saayoni |last=Sony AATH |date=16 September 2015 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || 2015 || ''[[Mayer biye]]'' || [[Savvy Gupta]] ||
|-
|E Bhabe Golpo Hok<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyaaKwQqRRU |title=E Bhabe Golpo Hok - Full Audio Song - Bibaho Diaries Bengali Movie 2017 |last=Eros Now Bengali |date=2 January 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || 2017 || ''[[Bibaho Diaries]]'' || [[Savvy Gupta]] ||
|-
|Projapoti Biskut title song<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/eN1E5OrtIwI Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210726123038/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1E5OrtIwI Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1E5OrtIwI |title=Projapoti Biskut Title Song {{!}} Lagnajita & Diptarko {{!}} Bengali Film 2017 {{!}} Projapoti Biskut {{!}} Windows |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>|| 2017 || ''[[Projapoti Biskut]]'' || [[Anindya Chatterjee]] ||
|-
|Jaak chuloy Jaak<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/taam-michael-lives-it-up-with-music-and-mirth-183894]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref>|| 2017 || ''[[Michael (2017 film)|Michael]]'' || [[Indrojit Dey]] ||
|-
|Noor Jahaan title song || 2018 || ''[[Noor Jahaan]]'' || [[Savvy Gupta]] ||
|-
|Hridoyer Rong<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/76QOT-1ryKI Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309023733/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76QOT-1ryKI&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76QOT-1ryKI |title=Hridoyer Rong {{!}} Ghare And Baire {{!}} Jisshu {{!}} Koel {{!}} Anupam Roy {{!}} Lagnajita {{!}} Mainak Bhaumik |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>|| 2018 || ''[[Ghare And Baire]]'' || [[Anupam Roy]] ||
|-
|Preme Pora Baron
|2019
|Sweater
|[[Ranajoy_Bhattacharjee]] ||
|-
|Amar Ektarata (আমার একতারাটা)<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/zxKgVYP98hk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200705192825/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxKgVYP98hk Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxKgVYP98hk |title=Amar Ektarata {{!}} Rawkto Rawhoshyo {{!}} Koel Mallick {{!}} Lagnajita {{!}} Debdeep {{!}} Soukarya Ghosal |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>|| 2020 || ''[[Rawkto Rawhoshyo]]'' || [[Debdeep]] || Film by [[Soukarya Ghosal]]
|-
|Tomar Chokher Shitolpati
|2020
|''Cheeni''
|Prasen ||
|-
|Kotota Raat
|2022
|[[Mini (2022 film)|''Mini'']]
| ||
|-
| Ekti Golpo Shunio
| 2025
| ''Bhalo Theko'' (Web Drama)
| [[Shafiq Tuhin]]
| song from a Bangladeshi TV Drama
|}

'''Albums :'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Albums !! Composer !! Notes
|-
| Bawshonto noy || ''[[Bawshonto noy]]'' || [[Rupankar]], [[Raghab Chatterjee]] ||
|-
| Ichegulo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZzW7GGU7Xo |title=Icchegulo Teaser |last=Lagnajita Chakraborty |date=7 August 2015 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Ichegulo]]'' || [[Aritra Banerjee]] ||
|-
| "Dekhecho Ki Chokh Khule"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qhm90bm6jjc&t=445 |title=Mohin Ekhon O Bondhura- Jukebox-DBS Music |last=DBS Music |date=1 May 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Mohin Ekhon O Bondhura]]'' || [[Gautam Chattopadhyay]] and [[Tapash Das]] ||
|-
|Tumi Amay Dakle Keno<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTwT8jJ_qHc |title=Arpan & Lagnajita - Megh Pakhi - Tumi Amay Dakle Keno - Official Video |last=Indian Records Video Channel |date=12 January 2016 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Tumi Amay Dakle Keno]]'' || [[Arpan Karmakar]] ||
|-
|Mono Aji<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iAF4YdqV1U |title=Mono Aji - The Full Music Video - ft. Lagnajita - Murshidabadi - Sagnik & Uma - Neel - Ritam |last=Lagnajita Chakraborty |date=1 June 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Mono Aji]]'' || inspiration from Paimona Bideh Ki Khumaar Astam, a much loved kalaam by [[Omar Khayyam]] ||
|-
|Aaji bijon ghore<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKXuPh2OvwU |title=Rendezvous with Tagore ep.1 - Aaji bijon ghore - feat. Lagnajita Chakraborty |last=Nilanjan Ghosh |date=6 August 2016 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Rendezvous with Tagore ep.1]]'' || [[Rabindra Sangeet]] ||
|-
|Sara ta din (Re released)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABiKCLg1ljo |title=Aprokashito Episode 12 Sara ta din ft. Lagnajita Chakraborty |last=Gramophone Records Studio |date=26 May 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref> || ''[[Aprokashito]]'' || [[Raghab Chatterjee]] || Lyrics [[Srijato]]
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role

! Notes
|-
|2014
|''Jodi Bolo Hyan''
|Hoimo
|Zee Bangla original film<ref name=":0" />
|}

==Advertisement==

Chakraborty has appeared with fellow Bengali singer [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]] in a print advertisement for Coloroso Sarees.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Lagnajita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali-language singers]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]