https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Md+Omar+FaruqBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-08T09:13:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Good_Maharaja&diff=550794The Good Maharaja2026-05-21T22:44:31Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: typo fix</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = The Good Maharaja<br />
| image = The Good Maharaja First Look Poster.jpeg<br />
| caption = First look poster<br />
| director = Vikash Verma<br />
| producer = G7 Films Poland<br />
| writer = Hitesh Desai<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Sanjay Dutt]]<br />
* Dhruv Verma<br />
* [[Deepraj Rana]]<br />
* [[Gulshan Grover]]<br />
* [[Sharad Kapoor]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]<br/>Ariyan Mehedi<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = G7 Films Poland<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2026|12|18|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br>Poland<br />
| language = Hindi<br>English<br>Polish<br />
| budget = {{INRconvert|400|c|link=yes}}<ref name=":3"/><br />
}}<br />
'''''The Good Maharaja''''' ({{Translation|The Good King}}) is an upcoming [[India|Indo]]-[[Polish language|Polish]] [[war epic]] film directed by Vikash Verma, and produced by G7 Films Poland. The film stars [[Sanjay Dutt]] in the [[title role]] of [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja]], the [[Maharaja]] [[Jam Sahib]] of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] (now [[Jamnagar]], [[Gujarat]], India).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Bhandari |first1=Kabir Singh |last2=Bhagat |first2=Shama |title=Filmmaker Vikash Verma's 'No Means No', is the first-ever Indo-Polish co-production |website=The New Indian Express |date=7 March 2021 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/mar/07/filmmaker-vikash-vermas-no-means-no-is-the-first-ever-indo-polish-co-production-2272313.html |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> The film also features Dhruv Verma in lead role,<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title='The Good Maharaja' slated for October 18, 2024 release |website=ANI News |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/the-good-maharaja-slated-for-december-17-2022-release20210429152149/ |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> while [[Deepraj Rana]], [[Gulshan Grover]] and [[Sharad Kapoor]] in supporting roles.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |author=Rupal S. |title=Dhruv Verma, all set for second film, 'The Good Maharaja' |website=Mid-Day |date=2 August 2021 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/dhruv-verma-all-set-for-his-second-film-the-good-maharaja-23185972 |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> The film is scheduled for a worldwide release on December 18, 2026, through a collaboration between [[Steamroller Productions]] and G7 Films.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hollywood Meets Bollywood: Steven Seagal’s Steamroller Productions Expands Into India |url=https://orissadiary.com/hollywood-meets-bollywood-steven-seagals-steamroller-productions-expands-into-india/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |work=Orissa Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-14 |title=Hollywood meets Bollywood: Steven Seagal’s film banner rolls into India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hollywood-meets-bollywood-steven-seagals-film-banner-rolls-into-india/articleshow/123298590.cms |access-date=2025-09-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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Principal photography began on 21 February 2020, with the scenes of the film being shot in 3 languages: [[Hindi]], English and Polish.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=A Second Indo-Polish Film and War Epic all set to smash the Box Office |website=[[Mid-Day]] |date=2021-08-11 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/a-second-indo-polish-film-and-war-epic-all-set-to-smash-the-box-office-23187399 |access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref> The film was produced on a budget of {{INRConvert|400|c}}.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=The Good Maharaja: Dhruv Verma of Patna, who returned to action, will again make a comeback in this film being made for Rs 400 crores. |website=My India News |date=27 May 2021 |url=https://myindianews.com/the-good-maharaja-dhruv-verma-of-patna-who-returned-to-action-will-again-make-a-comeback-in-this-film-being-made-for-rs-400-crores/ |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Cast==<br />
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Maharaja [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji|Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja]]<ref name=":6"/> <br />
* Dhruv Verma as a soldier and [[sniper]]<ref name=":6"/><br />
* [[Deepraj Rana]] as Kishan <ref name=":5"/><br />
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as [[Ajay Jadeja]]<ref name=":5"/><br />
* [[Sharad Kapoor]] as Yuvaraja Vijay Karmar <ref name=":5"/><br />
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==Production==<br />
Principal photography began on 21 February 2020, with the scenes of the film being shot in 3 languages: [[Hindi]], English and Polish. The shooting of the film was interrupted due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":6"/> The film is set during the time of World War II.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parth Upadhyay to start preparing for next project, The Good Maharaja |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=2021-08-11 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/the-mountain-man-gets-going-296028 |access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Dhruv Verma's The Good Maharaja, to release on 17 December 2022 |website=Lokmat English |date=28 April 2021 |url=https://english.lokmat.com/entertainment/dhruv-vermas-the-good-maharaja-to-release-on-17-december-2022/ |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> The film was expected to be shot in London, Russia, Poland and India.<ref name=":3"/><br />
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[[Shiamak Davar]] has served as the choreographer, while film's music and background score has been composed by [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]].<ref name=":5"/><br />
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==Controversy==<br />
''The Good Maharaja'' is based on Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja, the Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, Gujarat, who, in the pre-Independence era, provided refuge and education to around 1,000 Polish children evacuated from the [[Union of soviet socialist republics]] (USSR) to escape German bombings during World War II.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |title=Indo-Polish action thriller aims to rekindle bilateral ties |website=The Hindu |date=25 January 2021 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indo-polish-action-thriller-aims-to-rekindle-bilateral-ties/article33651920.ece |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref><br />
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The film was originally supposed to be made by Omung Kumar of Legend Studios. After the release of the first look, the daughters of Maharaja Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji sent a cease and desist notice to the makers, Omung Kumar and Sandeep Singh; co-owners of Legend Studios. The legal representative of the daughters claimed, "The Maharaja was a public figure and if the facts are distorted, it will tarnish his image. Hence our clients have objection to the film, as no permission is sought from them." Sandeep Singh argued that no permission needed from the heirs of the Maharaja, and went on that "this legal action against the film is only an attempt to seek publicity by the Maharaja's family". Singh said that the story of the Maharaja is in the public domain.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coutinho |first=Natasha |title=Sanjay Dutt opts out of Omung Kumar's biopic of Maharaja of Nawanagar |website=Mumbai Mirror |date=8 November 2017 |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-opts-out-of-omung-kumars-biopic-of-maharaja-of-nawanagar/articleshow/61554045.cms |access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt's film The Good Maharaja embroiled in legal trouble |website=India Today |date=3 October 2017 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sanjay-dutt-good-maharaja-legal-trouble-1056645-2017-10-03 |access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Good Maharaja: Gujarat ruler's daughters send notice to Omung Kumar over Sanjay Dutt-starrer-Entertainment News |website=Firstpost |date=3 October 2017 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-good-maharaja-gujarat-rulers-daughters-send-notice-to-omung-kumar-over-sanjay-dutt-starrer-4104827.html |access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> After that, Vikash Verma took over the film as the director.<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":6"/><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
*{{Metacritic film}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes | the_good_maharaja}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Good Maharaja, The}}<br />
[[Category:Unreleased Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Poland]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Indian World War II films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian historical films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian epic films]]<br />
[[Category:2026 drama films]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jagannath_Temples_outside_Puri&diff=512466List of Jagannath Temples outside Puri2026-05-08T17:02:55Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up The Place Added Tags</p>
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<div>{{Short description|List of Jagannath temples outside Puri, Odisha}}<br />
[[File:Shri Jagannath temple.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]], the principal shrine of Lord Jagannath and one of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites in India]]<br />
The '''List of Jagannath temples outside Puri''' includes Hindu temples dedicated to [[Jagannath]], a form of [[Vishnu]] worshipped mostly in [[Odisha]]. The [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] is still the most important shrine and a major place for pilgrims to visit.<ref name="Pattanaik2006">{{cite book |last=Pattanaik |first=Devdutt |title=Pashu: Animal Tales from Hindu Mythology |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0143062011 |page=158 |quote=The temple at Puri remains the heart of Jagannath worship, though his presence has spread globally.}}</ref> However, there are now many other temples in India and other countries that are dedicated to Jagannath.<ref>{{cite web |title=Places of Interest: Puri |url=https://puri.odisha.gov.in/en/tourism/places-of-interest |publisher=Government of Odisha |access-date=25 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="Hardenberg2011">{{cite book |last=Hardenberg |first=Roland |url=https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12836/ |title=The Ongoing Reconstruction of Vishwarupa: Jagannath as a Global Icon |date=2011 |publisher=University of Heidelberg |doi=10.11588/heidok.00012836 |quote=The spread of Jagannath temples outside Odisha is intrinsically linked to the migration of the Odia community and the universal appeal of the Ratha Yatra.}}</ref><br />
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Many of these temples are connected to Odia diaspora communities and hold ceremonies like the yearly [[Ratha Yatra]].<ref name="Nayak2020">{{cite journal |last=Nayak |first=Pabitra Mohan |date=June 2020 |title=The Global Sojourn of Lord Jagannath |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2020/June/engpdf/45-51.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=45–51 |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref><br />
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== India ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Photo !! Name !! Location !! State !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Saila Srikhetra, Angul.png|250px]]|| [[Jagannath Temple, Angul|Saila Srikhetra]] || Angul || Odisha ||<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwUtP4kK93Q |title=History And Significance Of Saila Srikhetra Jagannath Temple, Angul |date=2023-07-31 |last=Argus News |access-date=2026-04-27 |via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Dharakote jagannathemple.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Mandir, Dharakot|Dharakot Jagannath Mandir]] || Ganjam || Odisha || Built in modern Kalinga style, like the Jagannath Temple in Puri. People in the area know it for its ''Ekadasi Cart festival''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient Shri Jagannatha Temple (Dharakot), ਗੰਜਾਮ, ਭਾਰਤ - ਸਮੀਖਿਆਵਾਂ, ਰੇਟਿੰਗਾਂ, ਜਾਣ ਦੀ ਸਿਫਾਰਸ਼ |url=https://wanderlog.com/pa/place/details/6144661/ancient-shri-jagannatha-temple-dharakot |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Wanderlog |language=pa}}</ref><ref name="OdishaReviewJuly2016">{{cite journal |last=Dash |first=Balakrushna |date=July 2016 |title=Krishna Jagannath |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2016/July/engpdf/83-85.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |publisher=Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha |volume=LXXII |issue=12 |pages=83–85 |access-date=April 25, 2026}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Mandir Badahra Mahant Photo.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Mandir, Badahra Mahant]] || Maharajganj || Uttar Pradesh || Considered essential because deity's watch is built there after having a dream.<ref>{{Citation |title=Jagannath Mandir, Badahra Mahant |date=2026-04-25 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagannath_Mandir,_Badahra_Mahant&oldid=1350998870 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan2023">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Pawan Kumar |date=11 October 2023 |title=Hindustan Special: महराजगंज के इस मठ से जुड़ी है नेपाल के लोगों की आस्था, जानें क्या है 237 साल की परंपरा |trans-title=Hindustan Special: The faith of the people of Nepal is linked to this monastery of Maharajganj, know what is the 237-year-old tradition |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/story-maharajganj-jagannath-temple-badahra-mahant-history-and-tradition-8862590.html |access-date=April 25, 2026 |work=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="AmarUjala2020">{{cite news |last=Shukla |first=Vivek |date=31 May 2020 |title=इस मंदिर में ब्रिटिश हुकूमत के अंग्रेज अफसर आते थे मत्था टेकने, इसका इतिहास जानकर हो जाएंगे हैरान |trans-title=English officers of the British government used to come to this temple to bow their heads, you will be surprised to know its history |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/maharajganj/maharajganj-jagannath-temple-history-british-officers-used-to-visit |access-date=April 25, 2026 |work=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Chatia temple.jpg|250px]] || [[Chhatia Bata|Chhatia Jagannath Temple]] || Jajpur || Odisha<br />
|Dedicated to Jagannath and connected to ''[[Kalki]]'', the avatar of [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chavan |first=Akshay |date=22 November 2023 |title=Chhatia Bata Temple: Where the 'Kalki' Avatar will emerge |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/places/chhatia-bata-temple-where-the-kalki-avatar-will-emerge?srsltid=AfmBOoqlVR2lGTYEsr7-M8MpLaivz8rXchZCGdiorWTqmD_X-idZ9B3i |website=PEEPUL TREE STORIES}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| || [[Agartala Jagannath Mandir|Jagannath Mandir, Agartala]] || Agartala || Tripura || The temple, which was built in the 1800s, is on the grounds of the [[Ujjayanta Palace]] and is dedicated to the Hindu gods [[Jagannath]], [[Balabhadra]], and [[Subhadra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=EnvyTheme |title=Tripura Tourism |url=https://tripuratourism.gov.in/single-tour.php?id=56 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205212427/https://tripuratourism.gov.in/single-tour.php?id=56 |archive-date=2025-12-05 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=tripuratourism.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Temple.2, Rayagada.JPG|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Rayagada|Sradhha Shrikhetra, Rayagada]] || Rayagada || Odisha ||More than 50 years ago, the temple was first built. The temple's main gods are Lord [[Jagannath]], [[Balabhadra]], and [[Subhadra]]. In 2007, the temple was rebuilt with a new look. On June 20, 2007, the [[Dibyasingha Deba|Gajapati Raja]] of Puri came to the opening ceremony of the new Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagannath Dham refers to Puri only: Gajapati Maharaja Dibyasingha Deb |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/jagannath-dham-refers-to-puri-only-gajapati-maharaja-dibyasingha-deb/ar-AA1EeqLK?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tour |first=Odisha |date=2021-12-02 |title=Jagannath Temple, Rayagada |url=https://odishatour.in/jagannath-temple-rayagada/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Odisha Tour |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Temple, Nayagarh.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Nayagarh]] || Nayagarh || Odisha ||Rebuilt in 1972, the temple is in [[Pancharatha]] [[Deula|Rekha Deula]] style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tour |first=Odisha |date=2020-11-25 |title=Khandapada Palace, Jagannath Temple, Nayagarh |url=https://odishatour.in/khandapara-nayagarh/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Odisha Tour |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath temple of Koraput 03.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Koraput|Shabara Shrikshetra]] || Koraput || Odisha ||This temple follows the idea that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of caste, gender, or religion. Therefore, the entry to the temple is accessible by everyone regardless of their gender, caste, and religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabara Srikhetra |url=http://sabarasrikhetra.com/about |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=sabarasrikhetra.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath temple at Gunupur,Rayagada.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Gunupur]] || Raygada || Odisha || It was an old temple built by the Maharaja Vikramadeb of Jeypore over a hundred years ago. The present structure of the temple with new look has been constructed in the year 1997.<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Temple, Digha - জগন্নাথ মন্দির, দীঘা-৪.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Digha|Digha Jagannath Dham]] || Purba Medinipur || West Bengal ||It was built to look like the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in Puri, Odisha, and it was opened on April 30, 2025, after a [[prana pratishtha]] (consecration) ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Federal |first=The |date=2025-04-30 |title=Explained: Why replica of the Puri Jagannath temple in Bengal has triggered a row? |url=https://thefederal.com/category/states/east/west-bengal/jagannath-temple-in-digha-bengal-faces-staunch-resistance-from-puri-servitors-184408 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Temple |first=Digha Jagannath |title=Digha Jagannath Temple 2026: Timings, Live Darshan, Hotels Nearby & Location |url=https://dighajagannath.com/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Digha Jagannath |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Shrikshetra Dham, Dibrugarh.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Dibrugarh|Srikshetra Dham]] || Dibrugarh || Assam ||The temple, built in 2014, is a replica of the second form of the original [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] at [[Puri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=Sambad English |date=2018-02-26 |title=Exclusive: The temples home to Odisha's Lord Jagannath in North-East India |url=https://sambadenglish.com/exclusive-the-temples-home-to-odishas-lord-jagannath-in-north-east-india/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Sambad English |language=en}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
| [[File:Jagannadha Temple, Hyderabad.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Hyderabad]] || Hyderabad || Telangana || Famous for its yearly Rathyatra festival attended by thousands of devotees.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 6,000 devotees attend Jagannath Rath Yatra|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/article548055.ece|access-date=29 July 2014|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=22 June 2012|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814143652/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/article548055.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Ahmedabad2007-269.JPG|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad]] || Ahmedabad || Gujarat || Noted for its annual chariot festival, [[Rath Yatra]], which is the third most important and largest after the Ratha Yatra at Puri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-27 |title=Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025: Four Popular Festivals Outside Of Puri |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/experiences/heritage/4-prominent-rath-yatras-in-india |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Outlook Traveller |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Shree jagannath temple bangalore sankar.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Bengaluru]] || Bengaluru || Karnataka || Its main festival is the annual [[Ratha Yatra|Rath Yatra]], attended by more than 15,000 devotees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odias in Bangalore celebrated Rath Yatra, Orissa Event Diary |url=http://orissadiary.com/ShowEvents.asp?id=34709 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307134300/http://orissadiary.com/ShowEvents.asp?id=34709 |archive-date=2013-03-07 |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=orissadiary.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Temple in Delhi.jpg|250px]]|| [[Jagannath Temple, Delhi]] || Delhi || Delhi || Located in [[Hauz Khas]], which is known for its annual [[Ratha Yatra|Rathyatra]] festival, and draws thousands of devotees.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2006-06-27 |title=Thousands celebrate Jagannath rath yatra in Delhi |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1067728441.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202417/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1067728441.html |archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| || Jagannath Temple, Varanasi || Varanasi || Uttar Pradesh || <br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jagannath Temple Alwar.jpg|250px]] || [[Jagannath Temple, Alwar]] || Alwar || Rajasthan || Known for its annual [[Ratha Yatra|Rath Yatra]] festival, when Lord [[Jagannath]] is carried in a [[Ratha|chariot]] called ''Indra Vimana''. The chariot, which used to be an elephant carriage, was given to the temple by the former Maharaja of Alwar to be used for the Rath yatra. The Rath Yatra festival has its own customs and traditions that are different from those of [[Puri district|Puri]].<ref name="UtsavJagannathAlwar">{{cite web |last=Ministry of Tourism |first=Government of India |title=Jagannath Fair, Alwar, Rajasthan |url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/jagannath-fair-alwar-rajasthan |access-date=April 26, 2026 |website=Utsav Portal}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| || Jagannath Temple, Raigarh || Raigarh || Chhattisgarh || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-01 |title=मुख्यमंत्री विष्णु देव साय ने रायगढ़ के राजापारा स्थित भगवान जगन्नाथ मंदिर में की पूजा-अर्चना - Jayjohar |url=https://jayjohar.com/chief-minister-vishnu-dev-sai-offered-prayers-at-lord-jagannath-temple-in-rajapara-raigarh/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:0012623 Jagannadh temple, Khallari Chhattisgarh 008.jpg|250px]]|| Jagannath Temple, Khallari || Mahasamund district || Chhattisgarh || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Lord Jagannath {{!}} View Trail/Package {{!}} Odisha Tourism |url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/discover/attractions/temples-monuments/jagannath-temple.html |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=odishatourism.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| || Jagannath Temple, Bharuch || Bharuch || Gujarat || <ref name="RGyanBharuch">{{cite web |title=Jagannath Temple, Bharuch: History, Significance and Timing |url=https://rgyan.com/en/temples/jagannath-temple-bharuch |access-date=April 26, 2026 |website=RGyan}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[File:17th century Jagannath temple Ranchi Jharkhand - 6.jpg|250px]]|| [[Jagannath Temple, Ranchi]] || Ranchi (Hatia) || Jharkhand || The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb desecrated and vandalized it in 1691.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Jagannath Temple, Ranchi |url=http://www.hoparoundindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-attractions/jagannath-temple.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810030247/http://www.hoparoundindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-attractions/jagannath-temple.aspx |archive-date=2022-08-10 |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.hoparoundindia.com |url-status=live }}</ref> The temple fell down on August 6, 1990, and it was rebuilt on February 8, 1992.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Jagannath Temple, Ranchi|url=http://pages.rediff.com/jagannath-temple--ranchi/538882|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-date=5 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305072105/http://pages.rediff.com/jagannath-temple--ranchi/538882|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Outside India ==<br />
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2026}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name !! Location !! Country !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Fremont, California || United States || In 1994, members of the Odia American community from the Bay Area laid the groundwork for California's first Jagannath temple at the Fremont Hindu Temple (Vedic Dharma Samaj).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratha Yatra 2025 |url=https://www.newindiaabroad.com/event/community/ratha-yatra-2025 |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.newindiaabroad.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratha Yatra 2025 |url=https://allevents.in/fremont/ratha-yatra-2025/200028026721505 |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=AllEvents |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Chicago, Illinois || United States || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-18 |title=Home - Shri Jagannath Temple |url=https://srijagannathchicago.org/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Shri Jagannath Temple - of Greater Chicago |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || New York || United States || <ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-13 |title=Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025 in the US: Dates, time, locations, and other highlights |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/jagannath-rath-yatra-2025-in-the-us-dates-time-locations-and-other-highlights/articleshow/121830574.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-04-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name="NilaNhakra">{{Cite web |title=Lord Sri Jagannath temples Locator around the world |url=http://www.nilachakra.50webs.com/Temple/sjtworld.htm |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.nilachakra.50webs.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Dallas, Texas || United States || <ref>{{Cite web |last=ttdseva.in@gmail.com |date=2023-09-12 |title=Hindu Temples in Texas, Dallas USA - TTD Seva |url=https://ttdseva.in/hindu-temples-texas-dallas-usa/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Toronto || Canada || <ref>{{cite web |title=History of Shree Jagannath Temple Canada |url=https://www.jagannathmandir.ca/history |access-date=April 26, 2026 |publisher=Shree Jagannath Temple Canada}}</ref><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || London || United Kingdom || <ref>{{Cite web |last=UK |first=Shree Jagannatha Society |title=Shree Jagannatha Society UK |url=https://sjsuk.org/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=Shree Jagannatha Society UK |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Paris || France || <ref>{{Citation |title=List of Hindu temples in France |date=2025-05-24 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Hindu_temples_in_France&oldid=1292019344 |access-date=2026-04-26 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Hong Kong || China (SAR) || <ref name="NilaNhakra"/><ref name="rathyatra">{{Cite web |title=SHRI JAGANNATH TEMPLES IN INDIA & ABROAD ! |url=https://www.rathyatra.org/list-of-jagannath-temples.html |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.rathyatra.org}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Byron Bay || Australia || <ref name="rathyatra"/><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|-<br />
| Jagannath Temple || Buenos Aires || Argentina || <ref name="rathyatra"/><ref name="NilaNhakra"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Significance ==<br />
Jagannath temples outside of Puri show how Odia religious traditions have spread beyond their original area.<ref name="Dash2010">{{cite book |last=Dash |first=Gaganendranath |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying an Indian State, its Religion and Society |date=2010 |publisher=Manohar Publishers |isbn=978-8173048593 |page=142-155}}</ref><ref name="Goswami1983">{{cite book |last=Goswami |first=Satsvarupa dasa |title=Prabhupada: Messenger of the Next World |date=1983 |publisher=Bhaktivedanta Book Trust |pages=120–125 |chapter=The First Ratha-yatra in the West}}</ref> These temples often keep up with cultural traditions like the [[Ratha Yatra]], which helps diaspora communities stay connected to their roots.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dash |first=Jyoti Prakash |title=Jagannath Culture And Social Transformation: Emotional Ecology, And Inclusivity |date=October 2025 |work=Indigenous Knowledge, Decolonial Turn & Social Development in the Global South |pages=98–108 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Shaleen Kumar |url=https://qtanalytics.in/publications/index.php/books/article/view/766 |access-date=2026-04-25 |publisher=QTanalytics India |doi=10.48001/978-81-988770-1-7-10 |isbn=978-81-988770-1-7 |editor2-last=Sharma |editor2-first=Shalini |editor3-last=Verma |editor3-first=Daisy}}</ref><ref name="Eschmann1978">{{cite book |last1=Eschmann |first1=Anncharlott |title=The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa |last2=Kulke |first2=Hermann |last3=Tripathi |first3=Gaya Charan |date=1978 |publisher=Manohar Publications |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mohapatra2014">{{cite journal |last1=Mohapatra |first1=Gopinath |date=July 2014 |title=The Living Traditions of Jagannath Culture and its Global Impact |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2014/July/engpdf/12-19.pdf |journal=Orissa Review |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]]<br />
* [[Ratha Yatra]]<br />
* [[Jagannath]]<br />
* [[Culture of Odisha]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Jagannath|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jagannath temples]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of Hindu temples in India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Jagannath culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples by deity]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in India]]<br />
[[Category:List of Jagannath temples outside puri]]<br />
[[Category:Odia culture]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabhi_Khushi_Kabhie_Gham&diff=507240Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham2026-05-06T14:13:58Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created a article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2001 Bollywood family drama film}}<br />
{{AI-generated|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2013}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham}}<br />
| image = [[File:Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... poster.jpg|upright]]<br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| director = [[Karan Johar]]<br />
| producer = [[Yash Johar]]<br />
| writer = {{ubl|Karan Johar|Sheena Parikh}}<br />
| starring = <!--ordered according to official film credits, changes will be reverted--><br />
{{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<br />
* [[Jaya Bachchan]]<br />
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]]<br />
* [[Kajol]]<br />
* [[Hrithik Roshan]]<br />
* [[Kareena Kapoor]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = '''Songs:''' <br/> [[Jatin-Lalit]] <br/> [[Sandesh Shandilya]] <br/> [[Aadesh Shrivastava]] <br/> '''Score:''' <br/> Babloo Chakravorty<br />
| cinematography = Kiran Deohans<br />
| editing = Sanjay Sankla<br />
| studio = [[Dharma Productions]]<br />
| distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2001|12|14}}<br />
| runtime = 210 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-2001 |title=''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' (PG) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221165800/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-2001 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INR}}40 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=658|title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{INR|136 [[crore]]}}<ref name="auto"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...''''' ({{Translation|Sometimes Happiness Sometimes Sadness...}}), also abbreviated as '''''K3G''''',<ref>{{cite news |last=Puri |first=Chhavi |date=19 October 2022 |title=34 Best Bollywood family movies to watch this Diwali |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/34-best-bollywood-family-movies-to-watch-this-diwali-1195493 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130092140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/34-best-bollywood-family-movies-to-watch-this-diwali-1195493 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=20 July 2023 |work=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> is a 2001 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Family drama|family drama film]] written and directed by [[Karan Johar]] and produced by his father [[Yash Johar]]. Inspired by [[Yash Chopra]]'s 1976 film ''[[Kabhi Kabhie]]'', the core plot of the film is based on [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Tumi Je Aamar]]'' (1994).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-20 |title=Bengali cult classics remade in Hindi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bengali-cult-classics-remade-in-hindi/photostory/70306801.cms#:~:text=Be%20it%20the%20modern-age,Uttam%20Kumar%20and%20Madhabi%20Mukherjee. |access-date=2026-03-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> it stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], and [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], with [[Rani Mukerji]] in a guest appearance. The film follows a wealthy Indian family that becomes estranged when the adopted son is disowned by his father for marrying a woman of lower [[Social class|socio-economic status]], leading to years of separation and eventual reconciliation.<br />
<br />
Johar began developing the film shortly after the release of his directorial debut ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998). [[Principal photography]] commenced on 16 October 2000 and took place across locations in India, the [[United Kingdom]], and [[Egypt]]. Promoted with the tagline "It's All About Loving Your Parents", the film featured a lavish visual style and combined traditional family values with contemporary production techniques. Made at a budget of {{INRConvert|30|c}}{{En dash}}{{INRConvert|40|c}}, it was the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian film]] at the time. The soundtrack was composed by [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Sandesh Shandilya]], and [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], with lyrics written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] and Anil Pandey.<br />
<br />
''Kabhie Khushi Kabhie Gham'' was theatrically released on 14 December 2001, and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics who praised the performances—particularly those of Kajol, Kapoor and Jaya Bachchan—alongside its production design, music, costume design, and emotional appeal, though its extended runtime and melodramatic tone were criticized. It emerged as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing Indian films ever]], earning ₹1.36 billion (US$29 million) worldwide. <br />
<br />
At the [[47th Filmfare Awards]], it won five awards, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Kajol) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Bachchan), and received several honors at the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]], [[Screen Awards|Screen]], and [[Zee Cine Awards]].<br />
<br />
Distributed in more than 100 countries, the film held the record for the highest-grossing Indian film in overseas markets until the release of Johar’s ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006).<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Yashvardhan "Yash" Raichand is a wealthy industrialist in [[Delhi]] who lives with his wife Nandini, their sons Rahul and Rohan, and other extended family members. Rahul, their elder son, is adopted—a fact he discovers at the age of eight. Although Nandini loves him deeply, Rahul grows up with a strong sense of duty to his parents and strives to meet their expectations.<br />
<br />
As an adult, Rahul falls in love with Anjali Sharma, a lively young woman from [[Chandni Chowk]]. Yash disapproves of the relationship due to class differences and wants Rahul to marry Naina Kapoor, a family friend who quietly has feelings for him. Understanding Rahul's love for Anjali, Naina steps aside. Rahul considers ending the relationship but marries Anjali after her father’s sudden death. In response, Yash disowns Rahul, prompting him to leave for London with Anjali and her younger sister, Pooja. Nandini, heartbroken, sends the family’s nanny, Sayeeda, to accompany them. Soon after, Rohan is sent to boarding school.<br />
<br />
Ten years later, Rohan returns home after completing his education. He learns of Rahul’s estrangement from a conversation between his grandmothers and resolves to reunite the family. He requests permission to pursue an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] in London, using it as a pretext to find Rahul. Upon arrival, he reconnects with Pooja, now a popular university student and fashion diva. Together, they devise a plan to bring Rahul and Anjali back to India.<br />
<br />
To conceal his identity, Pooja introduces Rohan to Rahul as "Yash," her friend's cousin visiting from India looking for an Indian family where he could reside as a tenant. Although hesitant, Rahul allows him to stay after he felt a connection with him. Rohan bonds with his nephew Krish and develops a romantic connection with Pooja. Despite several close calls, Rahul remains unaware of Rohan’s true identity.<br />
<br />
Eventually, Rohan reveals the truth and urges Rahul to return home. Rahul refuses, believing he has been permanently rejected by Yash. Hoping to change his mind, Pooja encourages Rohan to invite their parents to London. Nandini and Yash arrive; while Nandini reunites emotionally with Rahul, he avoids his father. Yash learns of Rohan’s deception and becomes angry. The family returns to India following the death of Yash’s mother.<br />
<br />
Rahul attends the funeral and, at the urging of Rohan and Pooja, agrees to return briefly for Nandini’s sake. In Delhi, the family prepares to formally welcome Anjali, and Rohan and Pooja’s engagement is announced. During the ceremony, Yash publicly expresses regret for disowning Rahul and admits that, despite his strict nature, he always loved him. The two reconcile in an emotional reunion.<br />
<br />
The film ends with a belated celebratory of Rahul's and Anjali's wedding and a celebratory wedding for Rohan and Pooja, marking the restoration of the Raichand family’s unity.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Yashvardhan "Yash" Raichand: a [[Delhi]] based business tycoon; Lajwanti's son; Nandini's husband; Rahul's adoptive father; Rohan's biological father; Krish's grandfather<br />
* [[Jaya Bachchan]] as Nandini Raichand: Harbans's daughter; Yash's wife; Rahul's adoptive mother; Rohan's biological mother; Krish's grandmother <br />
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] as Rahul Raichand: Yash and Nandini's adopted son; Rohan's adoptive brother; Anjali's husband; Krish's father <br />
** [[Aryan Khan]] as young Rahul<br />
* [[Kajol]] as Anjali Sharma Raichand: Om's daughter; Pooja's sister; Rahul's wife; Krish's mother<br />
* [[Hrithik Roshan]] as Rohan "Laddu" Raichand: Yash and Nandini's biological son; Rahul's adoptive brother; Pooja's boyfriend (later husband)<br />
** [[Kavish Majumdar]] as young Rohan<br />
* [[Kareena Kapoor]] as Pooja "Poo" Sharma Raichand: Om's daughter; Anjali's sister; Rohan's girlfriend (later wife)<br />
** Malvika Raaj as young Pooja<br />
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Sayeeda Begum: Rahul and Rohan's nanny; Rukshar's mother<br />
* [[Himani Shivpuri]] as Mrs. Rawat: Haldiram's wife <br />
* [[Alok Nath]] as Om Sharma: Anjali and Pooja's father <br />
* [[Johnny Lever]] as Haldiram Rawat: a sweetshop owner in Chandini Chowk<br />
* [[Rani Mukerji]] as Naina Kapoor: Rahul's childhood friend (special appearance)<br />
* [[Jugal Hansraj]] as Rohan's friend (cameo appearance)<br />
* [[Achala Sachdev]] as Lajwanti "Lajjo" Raichand: Yash's mother; Rahul and Rohan's paternal grandmother <br />
* [[Sushma Seth]] as Harbans Kaur: Nandini's mother; Rahul and Rohan's maternal grandmother <br />
* [[Shashikala]] as Ashfaque's grandmother <br />
* Tamzin Griffin as an anchor at Krish's school function<br />
* Ramona Sunavala as Sonya<br />
* Jeroo Writer as Tanya<br />
* [[Vikas Sethi]] as Robbie<br />
* [[Jibraan Khan]] as Krish Raichand: Rahul and Anjali's son<br />
* [[Simone Singh]] as Rukshar Begum: Sayeeda's daughter; Ashfaque's wife <br />
* Jessey Lever as Haldiram's son <br />
* [[Amar Talwar]] as Mr. Kapoor: Naina's father; Yash's friend (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shah-rukh-khans-k3g-co-star-amar-talwar-shares-rare-and-unseen-photos-of-the-superstar-from-35-years-ago/articleshow/121250511.cms|title=Shah Rukh Khan's K3G co-star Amar Talwar shares RARE and UNSEEN photos of the superstar from 35 years ago|date=19 May 2025|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
* [[Parzaan Dastur]] as Ashfaque's nephew (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/then-and-now-kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-10414.html|title=Then and now: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham &#124; Filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com}}</ref><br />
* [[Punit Malhotra]] as a cricketer (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web | title=This Director Had A Cameo In Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham. Any Guesses? | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/20-years-of-kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-punit-malhotra-recreates-his-cameo-in-k3g-2647371 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065520/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/20-years-of-kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-punit-malhotra-recreates-his-cameo-in-k3g-2647371 | access-date=2025-11-15 | archive-date=2021-12-12}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Development===<br />
{{quote box<br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 30%<br />
| quote = "At a certain age, boys are very demonstrative about their love towards their fathers. They hug and kiss them. But after that, they withdraw, become less demonstrative. My film is about relationships, about sons going up to their fathers and saying they love them."<br />
| source = [[Karan Johar]] on ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'', from his interview to ''[[Rediff.com]]'' in 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rediff interview: Karan Johar |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/05karan.htm |publisher=Rediff |date=5 December 2001 |access-date=7 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107010926/http://rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/05karan.htm |archive-date= 7 November 2005 }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
Following the commercial success of his directorial debut ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), [[Karan Johar]] began developing a new project centered on themes of family, tradition, and generational dynamics. The initial concept revolved around two daughters-in-law within a joint family, but on the advice of his cousin and filmmaker [[Aditya Chopra]], Johar restructured the narrative to focus on the relationship between two brothers, believing this would allow for stronger male protagonists.<ref name="HinduInterview">{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=21 December 2001 |title=Cherished moments in film-making |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100870300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504124120/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100870300.htm |archive-date=4 May 2012 |access-date=7 May 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
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Although Johar cited [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Kabhi Kabhie]]'' (1976) as a key inspiration, particularly its exploration of romantic and familial relationships across generations, the film is corely based on [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Tumi Je Aamar]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-29 |title=Bengali classics and their notable Hindi remakes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/bengali-classics-and-their-notable-hindi-remakes/photostory/63646198.cms#:~:text='Chadmabeshi',have%20their%20heart%20laughing%20out. |access-date=2026-03-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He acknowledged the influence of that film, Johar stated that ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' would differ significantly in its tone and aesthetic.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 December 1998 |title=An exclusive interview with director Karan Johar |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/dec/09kuch.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045948/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/dec/09kuch.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> The title of the film was stylized with an additional "e" in the second "Kabhi", based on numerological considerations.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 October 2001 |title=Karan Johar on Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/09kkkg.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201011535/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/09kkkg.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=5 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref><br />
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In interviews, Johar emphasized the emotional and relational core of the story, stating: "My film is about relationships, about sons going up to their fathers and saying they love them." He characterized the project as a more mature and sophisticated counterpart to his earlier work, describing ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' as "frothy and bubble-gummish" in contrast. The film aimed to balance heightened emotional drama with opulent visuals and cross-generational appeal.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |date=6 October 2001 |title=Sunday brunch with Karan Johar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/SUNDAY-BRUNCH-WITH-KARAN-JOHARbrHow-he-learnt-to-stop-worrying-love-the-movies/articleshow/595683010.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707020145/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-06/mumbai/27227678_1_shah-rukh-kuch-kuch-k3g |archive-date=7 July 2012 |access-date=7 May 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
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Prior to principal photography, Johar collaborated with costume designers [[Manish Malhotra]], [[Shabina Khan]], and [[Rocky Star|Rocky S]] to curate distinct wardrobes for each character. The team sourced clothing and accessories from multiple cities including [[London]], [[Milan]], [[New Delhi]], and various locations in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 December 1998 |title=Fashion Speak |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/12fash.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114065713/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/12fash.htm |archive-date=14 November 2012 |access-date=2 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> Johar did not hold extensive cast rehearsals, with the exception of an emotionally pivotal scene between [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Hrithik Roshan]]. Other key crew members included choreographer [[Farah Khan]], production designer [[Sharmishta Roy]], and cinematographer Kiran Deohans.<ref name="BH">{{cite web |date=11 December 2001 |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001) &#124; Hindi Movie Critic Review By Taran Adarsh&nbsp;— Bollywood Hungama |url=http://indiafm.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201895 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710041007/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201895 |archive-date=10 July 2012 |access-date=4 May 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><br />
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===Filming===<br />
[[File:Aerial view of Waddesdon Manor from the north.jpg|thumb|left|[[Waddesdon Manor]] (pictured) was featured as the mansion of the Raichand family in the film.|alt=A large country house in England]][[Principal photography]] commenced on 16 October 2000 in [[Mumbai]], beginning with the song sequence "Bole Chudiyan", which featured [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], and [[Kajol]]. [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitabh]] and [[Jaya Bachchan]] joined the production a few days later. During the initial days of filming, Johar experienced exhaustion and briefly fainted on set but continued directing while resting off-camera.<ref>{{Harvnb|Omar|2006|pp=70–71}}</ref><ref>''Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' DVD special feature. From the 36–38-minute mark.</ref><br />
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To recreate the [[Chandni Chowk]] setting for the film’s first half, production designer [[Sharmishta Roy]] led the construction of detailed sets at [[Film City, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Deepanjana Pal |date=September 2013 |title=Places Other Than This |url=http://thebigindianpicture.com/2013/09/places-other-than-this/# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205122829/http://thebigindianpicture.com/2013/09/places-other-than-this/ |archive-date=5 December 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |publisher=The Big Indian Picture}}</ref> The team used reference photographs and materials sourced from the original location to enhance authenticity. Roy later received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction]] for her work, which included constructing 18 to 19 sets, including the interior of the Raichand mansion, which was built from scratch and adorned with imported artwork and luxury décor to convey the family's affluence.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 2002 |title=Best Art Direction: Sharmishta Roy |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw25.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212081523/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw25.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=10 May 2012 |publisher=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=9 November 2001 |title=Hrithik's lonely this Diwali |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/nov/09kab.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212104021/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/nov/09kab.htm |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=10 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 November 2001 |title=A sweet sad tale |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/nov/29kush.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212102655/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/nov/29kush.htm |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=10 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref><ref>''Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' DVD special feature. From the 33-minute mark.</ref><br />
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The second half of the film was set and shot in the United Kingdom, with Johar selecting [[London]] for its personal significance. Filming took place at several notable sites including the [[Millennium Stadium]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Bluewater Shopping Centre]] in [[Kent]], [[Blenheim Palace]], [[St Paul's Cathedral]], and the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kent Film Office |date=27 December 2001 |title=Kent Film Office Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... Article |url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/2001/12/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-2001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019063135/http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/2001/12/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-2001/ |archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 June 2001 |title='Hrithik is a student as compared to Shah Rukh': Karan Johar |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jun/04karan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131175807/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jun/04karan.htm |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> Exterior shots of the Raichand estate were filmed at [[Waddesdon Manor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=On Location&nbsp;– London calling: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/london-calling/1024650/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140204030232/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/london-calling/1024650/ |archive-date=4 February 2014 |access-date=16 December 2012 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> During the shoot at Bluewater, a large crowd gathered to watch a scene featuring [[Jaya Bachchan]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]], which led to production delays and prompted mall authorities to request that filming be completed within two hours.<ref name="Karan Filmfare">{{cite web |date=April 2002 |title=Best Dialogue/Filmfare-Sony Best Scene: Karan Johar |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw23.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222033828/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw23.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=10 May 2012 |publisher=Filmfare}}</ref><br />
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The romantic song "Suraj Hua Maddham", featuring Khan and [[Kajol]], was filmed at the [[Giza pyramid complex|Pyramids of Giza]] in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Chattopadhyay |first=Sohini |date=15 April 2005 |title=Hot Spots |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050415/asp/etc/story_4618668.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911171243/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050415/asp/etc/story_4618668.asp |archive-date=11 September 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta}}</ref> Due to lighting limitations, filming was restricted to early morning hours and extended over several days.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=12 December 2001 |title=K3G will be the biggest film after Sholay |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/12kiran.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114034639/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/12kiran.htm |archive-date=14 November 2012 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> During the shoot, Kajol sustained a minor injury after a fall.<ref name=":1" /><br />
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British journalist Fuad Omar extensively covered the film’s London production in regional media and later compiled his accounts in the book ''Bollywood: An Insider’s Guide'', offering insights into the film’s international schedule and cultural resonance.<ref>{{Harvnb|Omar|2006}}</ref><br />
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==Themes==<br />
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' has been the subject of academic and critical analysis for its portrayal of family structures, diaspora identity, visual spectacle, and cultural values. Scholars have explored how the film synthesizes traditional melodrama with global aesthetics to engage both domestic and [[Indian diaspora|NRI]] audiences.<br />
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In the ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Film'', Eric Mazur identifies mythological subtexts in the film, particularly in its depiction of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] rituals. He notes that the opening [[Diwali]] sequence, in which the Raichand family worships [[Hindu deities]], offers the audience a shared experience of [[Darshan (Indian religions)|''darshan'']] (divine viewing), linking spectators with on-screen devotion. Mazur also highlights the use of [[Dream sequence|dreamlike]], [[Diegesis|non-narrative]] sequences such as the song "Suraj Hua Maddham", which he argues enables the characters to express physical intimacy and emotional longing in ways constrained by the film’s narrative world. These moments, he asserts, rely more on non-verbal cues—particularly [[close-up]]s of glances and eyes—than on dialogue.<ref name=":2">{{Harvnb|Mazur|2011|pp=79–81}}</ref><br />
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Rajani Mazumdar draws comparisons between ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' and earlier family-centered Hindi films such as ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994), noting the continuation of themes of familial loyalty and moral values.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mazumdar|2007|pp=136}}</ref> She observes that the film stages its melodrama across two contrasting spatial registers: the opulent Raichand mansion, described as "museum-like", and the bustling, celebratory interiors of [[Chandni Chowk]]. This spatial contrast, combined with frontal camera compositions, enhances the visual richness of the film and underscores emotional oppositions within the narrative.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mazumdar|2007|pp=138–140}}</ref><br />
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Sangita Gopal situates the film within the broader tradition of Hindi cinematic melodrama, particularly through its heightened aesthetic techniques. She examines scenes such as the confrontation between Yash and Rahul Raichand, which employ a dramatic background score and 360-degree panning shots to intensify emotion.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bhattacharya Mehta|Pandharipande|2010|pp=30–31}}</ref> Gopal argues that while these stylistic devices recall classical melodrama, the film gradually transitions toward a more psychological exploration of family conflict, shifting the emphasis from social structure to interpersonal dynamics.<ref name=":2" /><br />
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The film’s portrayal of diasporic life has also drawn sustained critical attention. Writing in ''Movie Blockbusters'', Andrew Willis suggests that the narrative was deliberately crafted to appeal to the [[Indian diaspora]], particularly in the United Kingdom, North America, and [[Canada]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Stringer|2003|pp=255–257}}</ref> He interprets the second half of the film, set in London, as a nostalgic reflection on cultural displacement, with characters navigating emotional disconnection amid material prosperity.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hirji|2010|pp=110–111}}</ref> Anjali, in particular, is portrayed as deeply rooted in Indian traditions—wearing [[sari]]s, performing domestic rituals, and expressing concern about the Westernization of her son and younger sister.<ref>{{harv|Punathambekar|2005|pp=159}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Oonk|2007|pp=214}}</ref><br />
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Building on this perspective, scholars such as Lars Eckstein argue that the film advances a culturally conservative view of India, contrasting it with the perceived emptiness of Western consumer culture. References to global brands such as Starbucks and Burger King are cited to emphasize the commodification of lifestyle abroad. Eckstein characterizes the Raichands' life in the United Kingdom as an "involuntary exile", with their eventual return to India depicted as a form of emotional and cultural reconciliation.<ref>{{Harvnb|Eckstein|2008|pp=68–70}}</ref><br />
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Corey Creekmur explores the film’s tagline—"It’s all about loving your parents"—in relation to its internal family dynamics. While the narrative celebrates filial devotion, Creekmur contends that it simultaneously challenges patriarchal rigidity. He identifies Rohan as a pivotal character who seamlessly bridges traditional Indian values and Western cosmopolitanism. According to Creekmur, the film ultimately advocates for emotional openness between fathers and children, while portraying mothers, grandmothers, and aunts as consistently nurturing and supportive, even when constrained by patriarchal expectations.<ref name="edu">{{cite web |last=Creekmur |first=Corey |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/K3G.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504142228/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/K3G.html |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=South Asian Studies Program, [[University of Iowa]]}}</ref><br />
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==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Main|Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (soundtrack)}}<br />
The soundtrack for ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' was composed by [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Sandesh Shandilya]], and [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], with lyrics by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]. The song "Suraj Hua Maddham" featured lyrics by Anil Pandey. The album comprises 11 tracks and was released on 26 October 2001 by [[Sony Music]]. The [[Film score|background score]] for the film was composed by Babloo Chakravarty.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...: Lata Mangeshkar: Music |url=https://www.amazon.com/Kabhi-Khushi-Kabhie-Gham-Mangeshkar/dp/B0000APAEN/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501045645/http://www.amazon.com/Kabhi-Khushi-Kabhie-Gham-Mangeshkar/dp/B0000APAEN |archive-date=1 May 2012 |access-date=8 May 2012 |website=Amazon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 October 2001 |title=iTunes&nbsp;— Music&nbsp;— Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Various Artists |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/300388161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105000215/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-original/id300388161 |archive-date=5 January 2012 |access-date=8 May 2012 |publisher=iTunes Store}}</ref><br />
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==Release==<br />
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=== Theatrical ===<br />
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' was initially planned for release during the [[Diwali]] season of 2001 but was ultimately released theatrically on 14 December 2001.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallia |first=Kajal |date=7 November 2001 |title=No big Hindi film release this Diwali |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/No-big-Hindi-film-release-this-Diwali/articleshow/1021079201.cms |access-date=8 May 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Owing to the film’s extended runtime, theatres typically screened three shows per day instead of the usual four. In response to high demand during the advance booking period, several cinemas raised their ticket prices.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 2001 |title=K3G&nbsp;— Cheers to a great start! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/K3G-Cheers-to-a-great-start/articleshow/325133020.cms |access-date=8 May 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
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The film’s use of "[[Jana Gana Mana]]", India's national anthem composed by [[Rabindranath Tagore]], drew criticism from some audience members and political figures, particularly members of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. They argued that its placement within the narrative was inappropriate and disrespectful to national pride.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khomne |first=Ranjit |date=8 January 2002 |title=K3G in the eye of a storm |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/K3G-in-the-eye-of-a-storm/articleshow/796852286.cms |access-date=21 May 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A written petition was filed against Dharma Productions in the [[Allahabad High Court]] by a resident of [[Uttar Pradesh]];<ref>{{cite news |date=30 January 2002 |title=K3G taken to court by city 'patriot' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow-times/K3G-taken-to-court-by-city-patriot/articleshow/620295719.cms |access-date=21 May 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> however, the court dismissed the complaint.<ref>{{cite news |last=Borpujari |first=Utpal |title=So goes the anthem of discontent |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/48431/so-goes-anthem-discontent.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080051/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/48431/so-goes-anthem-discontent.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 May 2012 |work=Deccan Herald |publisher=The Printers (Mysore) Private Tld.}}</ref><br />
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=== Marketing ===<br />
Prior to its theatrical release, the film's music, overseas distribution, and telecast rights were collectively sold for approximately ₹350 million (US$7.42 million).<ref name="Kaur">{{cite book |last1=Kaur |first1=Raminder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cyGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 |title=Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema Through A Transnational Lens |last2=Sinha |first2=Ajay J. |date=2005 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=9788132103448 |page=190}}</ref><ref name="usd" /> This included ₹250 million for the overseas rights, which were acquired by [[Sony]].<ref name="Kaur" /><br />
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During the film’s production, screenwriter and journalist [[Niranjan Iyengar]] authored ''The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'', a companion book based on 18 months of on-set observations and interviews with the film’s cast and crew. The book was published shortly before the film’s release and documented various aspects of the production process.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Making of 'Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham' (9788175083387): Niranjan Iyengar: Books |publisher=Amazon |year=2001 |isbn=8175083387}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=K3G is the biggest film ever made |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/08niran.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020231444/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/08niran.htm |archive-date=20 October 2012 |access-date=15 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://www.k3gthefilm.com/book.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020212044136/http://www.k3gthefilm.com/book.htm |archive-date=12 February 2002 |access-date=14 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Iyengar2002">{{cite book |author=Niranjan Iyengar |author-link=Niranjan Iyengar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeNkAAAAMAAJ |title=The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=[[Dharma Productions]] [in association with] India Book House |isbn=978-81-7508-338-7 |access-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623044754/http://books.google.com/books?id=IeNkAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=23 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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=== Home media ===<br />
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' was released on [[VHS]] and [[DVD]] formats beginning in 2002, with a two-disc DVD edition including a 45-minute [[behind-the-scenes]] documentary, [[deleted scene]]s, [[Trailer (promotion)|trailers]], and promotional content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham :: zulm.net :: definitive indian dvd guide |url=http://www.zulm.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=458 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021105182359/http://www.zulm.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=458 |archive-date=5 November 2002 |access-date=15 May 2012 |publisher=zulm.net}}</ref> The film was later issued on [[Blu-ray]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2009 |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham: Movies & TV |url=https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Dmovies-tv&field-keywords=Kabhi+Khushi+Kabhie+Gham |access-date=15 May 2012 |publisher=Amazon}}</ref><br />
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As of 2025, the film is available for streaming on major digital platforms, including [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Shahrukh Khan and Kajol's Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham on Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/81274249 |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=Netflix}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Shahrukh Khan and Kajol's Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham on Amazon Prime |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B095HZYNPB/ref=atv_dp_share_cu_r |access-date=2021-11-29 |website=[[Prime Video]]}}</ref><br />
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==Reception==<br />
===Critical reception===<br />
====India====<br />
[[File:Kajol at Karan Johar's 40th birthday bash at Taj Lands End (24).jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Actress Kajol at a party|[[Kajol]] was praised for her performance. A review carried by ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that she "steals the thunder from under very high noses."<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |author-link=Ziya Us Salam |date=21 December 2001 |title=The Hindu Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100840203.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020224001953/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100840203.htm |archive-date=24 February 2002 |access-date=8 May 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>]]<br />
Upon its release, ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' received a range of responses from Indian film critics, with praise directed at its production values and performances, and criticism aimed at its length and screenplay.<br />
<br />
[[Khalid Mohamed]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a five-star rating, calling it "the complete commercial banquet delivered with fabulous finesse."<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |date=17 December 2001 |title=Wow, that's entertainment! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Wow-thats-entertainment/articleshow/1362619442.cms |access-date=8 May 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohamed |first1=Khalid |date=2001 |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/bombaytalkies/k3g.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020616153045/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/bombaytalkies/k3g.html |archive-date=2002-06-16 |access-date=13 October 2020 |work=[[Filmfare|Bombay Talkies]]}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated it 4.5 out of 5 stars and lauded the emotional sequences, production design, choreography, and cinematography, crediting [[Karan Johar]] as the driving creative force.<ref name="BH" /> Rakesh Budhu of ''Planet Bollywood'' gave the film 8 out of 10, acknowledging its narrative flaws but calling it “one heck of an entertainer.”<ref name="PB">{{cite web |author=Rakesh Budhu |date=14 December 2001 |title=Film Review&nbsp;— Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041206023303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074451/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041206023303 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016 |publisher=Planet-Bollywood}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fuad Omar, writing in ''Bollywood: An Insider’s Guide'', described the film as "a masterpiece from the first frame to the last," calling it "the most enthralling, entertaining, emotional and complete vision and definition of Hindi cinema I have ever seen."<ref>{{Harvnb|Omar|2006|pp=60–64}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other reviewers offered more mixed or negative assessments. Anjum N. of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' criticized the film as a "bad remix of ''[[Mohabbatein]]'' (2000) and ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'',” though he praised the performances of [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitabh]] and [[Jaya Bachchan]], and [[Hrithik Roshan]].<ref name="rediffreview">{{cite web |date=14 December 2001 |title=The Rediff Review: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/14kabhi.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090625/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/14kabhi.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=6 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> [[Ziya Us Salam]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised [[Kajol]]’s performance and Johar’s ability to engage viewers, stating that the film offered “some joy, some disappointment.”<ref name="Hindu" /> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' found the emotions exaggerated, calling the film “monochromatic despite the profusion of colours.”<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |author-link=Namrata Joshi |date=31 December 2001 |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?214169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107161952/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?214169 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |access-date=8 May 2012 |work=Outlook}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Overseas====<br />
Internationally, the film was generally well received. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=100|count=12|average=7.8|ref=yes}}<br />
<br />
Shamaila Khan of the [[BBC]] gave it 9 out of 10 stars, praising the performances of [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]], and [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], and describing the film as “well made, with some magical moments (hilarious and weepy) and possibly the world's best-looking family.”<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |last=Khan |first=Shamaila |date=1 January 2002 |title=Manchester Masti&nbsp;— Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham Review |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/communities/masti/2002/01/01/kabhi_khushi_kabhie_gham_film_review.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112195708/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/communities/masti/2002/01/01/kabhi_khushi_kabhie_gham_film_review.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Derek Elley]] of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'']] called it “highly enjoyable” and praised its set pieces and visual style, though he noted the narrative lost momentum in the final half-hour.<ref name="Var">{{cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=21 December 2012 |title=Variety Reviews&nbsp;— Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&nbsp;– Film Reviews&nbsp;— Also Playing&nbsp;— Review by Derek Elley |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117916631?refcatid=31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022114753/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117916631?refcatid=31 |archive-date=22 October 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |work=Variety}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Box office===<br />
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' opened to record-breaking collections in India. It earned approximately ₹70 million net during its opening weekend, and ₹140 million in its first week.<ref name="wwg">{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=658 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718002015/http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=658 |archive-date=18 July 2016 |access-date=24 August 2015 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> These figures were about 70% higher than the previous box-office record at the time. The film continued its strong performance into subsequent weeks, grossing ₹105 million in its second week and ₹80 million in its third.<ref name="BOI">{{cite web |title=Ten Years On: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3809&nCat= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606163201/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3809&nCat= |archive-date=6 June 2013 |access-date=15 December 2011 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> It eventually netted ₹550 million domestically, becoming the second highest-grossing Hindi film of 2001, and earned “Blockbuster” status.<ref name="wwg" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 2001 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023171325/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ%3D%3D |archive-date=23 October 2013 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><br />
<br />
Internationally, the film was released in approximately 125 prints and earned a total of US$8.9 million at the overseas box office.<ref name="wwg" /><ref name="bomojo">{{cite web |title=International Box Office Results |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=kabhi.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111231205/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=kabhi.htm |archive-date=11 November 2012 |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=BoxofficeMojo}}</ref> It performed exceptionally well in the United Kingdom, grossing US$689,000 in its opening weekend and ranking third at the British box office.<ref name="rdbo">{{cite web |date=20 December 2001 |title=K3G makes history in US, UK |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/20k3g.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221114143/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/20k3g.htm |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=8 May 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> It went on to earn over US$3.2 million in the UK.<ref name="bomojo" /> In North America, it grossed US$1.1 million in its opening weekend across 73 screens, the highest opening ever for a Bollywood film at that time.<ref name="budget">{{Cite news |last=Dhawan |first=Himanshu |date=28 January 2002 |title=Look who's laughing |url=http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020128/uk-cinema.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034427/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020128/uk-cinema.shtml |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=10 May 2012 |work=India Today}}</ref> Due to delayed box-office reporting, its actual debut position on the American charts was affected, though [[Box Office Mojo]] recorded it at number 32 for the week ending 4 January 2002.<ref name="mojoweek">{{cite web |title=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/weekly/chart/?yr=2002&wk=01&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629220451/http://boxofficemojo.com/weekly/chart/?yr=2002&wk=01&p=.htm |archive-date=29 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> Its final gross in the United States was US$2.9 million.<ref name="bomojo" /><br />
<br />
In 2003, ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' became the first Indian film to receive a theatrical release in Germany.<ref name="germany">{{cite news |last=Poduwal |first=Sunanda |date=11 September 2010 |title=Hindi films lose grip on the German market |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-09-11/news/27609887_1_hindi-film-cannes-film-festival-indian-filmmakers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929124117/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-09-11/news/27609887_1_hindi-film-cannes-film-festival-indian-filmmakers |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=1 May 2012 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> The film's global gross totaled approximately ₹1.36 billion (US$29 million), making it the highest-grossing Indian film overseas at the time.<ref name="wwg" /><ref name="usd">{{cite web |year=2001 |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2001&locations=IN&start=2000 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Its record stood until surpassed by Johar’s subsequent directorial, ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006). When adjusted for inflation, the film remains one of the highest-grossing Indian films worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Inflation Adjusted Grossers Worldwide |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204140124/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ%3D |archive-date=4 December 2013 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' received significant recognition at Indian and international award ceremonies. At the [[47th Filmfare Awards]], it led the nominations with 16 nods and won five awards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Nominees And Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=12 January 2017 |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |pages=110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2002 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/filmfare-awards-2002-202.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321201226/http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/filmfare-awards-2002-202.html |archive-date=21 March 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016 |publisher=Awardsandshows.com}}</ref> In a subsequent interview, director Karan Johar expressed satisfaction with the outcome, stating that although the film did not win the top prizes, he considered ''[[Lagaan]]'' “a classic” and deserving of its wins.<ref name="Karan Filmfare" /><br />
<br />
The film was also successful at the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] (IIFA), where it received seven awards. It earned additional honors at the [[Zee Cine Awards]] and [[Screen Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 April 2002 |title=Rare opportunity for Malaysian fans |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600960400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331202807/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600960400.htm |archive-date=31 March 2012 |access-date=4 May 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 April 2002 |title=Lagaan scoops Bollywood awards |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1915331.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123102932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1915331.stm |archive-date=23 November 2008 |access-date=13 January 2008 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2002 |title=Fair View Zee Cine Awards 2002&nbsp;– 5th Zee Cine Awards & Winners |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/zee-cine-awards-2002-466.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724063017/http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/zee-cine-awards-2002-466.html |archive-date=24 July 2012 |access-date=18 June 2012 |publisher=Awardsandshows.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 January 2002 |title='Lagaan', 'DCH' sweep Screen Awards |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020120/nation.htm#1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925005740/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020120/nation.htm |archive-date=25 September 2012 |access-date=22 June 2012 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> Internationally, it won five awards at the 13th Valenciennes International Film Festival in France, including three for Best Film and Best Actress for Kajol.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=More awards for K3G |url=http://m.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/27news.htm |access-date=12 January 2017 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
! scope="col" |Award<br />
! scope="col" |Date of the ceremony<br />
! scope="col" |Category<br />
! scope="col" |Recipients<br />
! scope="col" |Result<br />
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Refh}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |[[Zee Cine Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="12" |11 January 2002 <br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
|''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="12" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fair View Zee Cine Awards 2002 - 5th Zee Cine Awards & Winners |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/zee-cine-awards-2002-466.html |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.awardsandshows.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
|[[Karan Johar]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor – Male]]<br />
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actor – Female]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Kajol]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Special Award for Outstanding Performance – Female<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male]]<br />
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Hrithik Roshan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
|[[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Sandesh Shandilya]], [[Aadesh Shrivastava]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br />
|Anil Pandey <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Male|Best Playback Singer – Male]]<br />
|[[Sonu Nigam]] <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Playback Singer – Female]]<br />
|[[Alka Yagnik]] <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] <small>for "Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |[[Screen Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="11" |13 January 2002<br />
|[[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
|''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="11" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Star Screen Award Winners 2002 – Eighth (8th) Star Screen Awards |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/star-screen-awards-2002-129.html |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.awardsandshows.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|Shah Rukh Khan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
|Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
|Amitabh Bachchan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Hrithik Roshan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|[[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Jodi No. 1<br />
|Shah Rukh Khan & Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Hrithik Roshan & Kareena Kapoor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Art Direction<br />
|[[Sharmishta Roy]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Sound Recording<br />
|Anuj Mathur<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Special Effects<br />
|Pankaj Khandpur<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="16" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="16" |[[47th Filmfare Awards|16 February 2002]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
|''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="16" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2002 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2002/101 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
|Karan Johar<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|Shah Rukh Khan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
|Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
|Amitabh Bachchan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Hrithik Roshan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|[[Jaya Bachchan]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Kareena Kapoor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
|Jatin–Lalit<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br />
|Anil Pandey <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] <small>for "Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br />
|Sonu Nigam <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
|Alka Yagnik <small>for "Suraj Hua Maddham"</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Scene of the Year|Best Scene of the Year]]<br />
|Family reunion at the [[Bluewater Shopping Centre]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]<br />
|Karan Johar<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]<br />
|Sharmishta Roy<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |Valenciennes International Film Festival<br />
| rowspan="5" |20–24 March 2002<br />
|Best Film (Special Jury Award)<br />
| rowspan="3" |Karan Johar<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: Cut to Cut |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/mar/27news.htm |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Film (Audience Jury Award)<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Film (Student Jury Award)<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Bleu Nord Award<br />
|Jatin–Lalit, Sandesh Shandilya, Aadesh Shrivastava<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |27 March 2002<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Best Supporting Actress<br />
|Jaya Bachchan<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Kareena Kapoor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Bollywood Movie Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |6 April 2002<br />
|Best Film<br />
|''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2007 |title=Bollywood Movie Awards Nominees Announced |url=https://bollyspice.com/bollywood-movie-awards-nominees-announced/ |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Bollyspice.Com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Winners of Bollywood Movie Awards: 1999 to 2007 |url=http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102124901/http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=12 July 2021 |work=BollywoodAwards.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor<br />
| rowspan="2" |Shah Rukh Khan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor (Critics)<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|Kajol<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actor<br />
|Hrithik Roshan<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Sensational Role – Female<br />
|Kareena Kapoor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
Since its release, ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' has come to be regarded as a landmark film in Hindi cinema, noted for its combination of emotional melodrama, lavish production values, and cross-generational storytelling. Retrospective analyses have highlighted its influence on diaspora narratives, family-oriented themes, and the globalization of Bollywood cinema.<br />
<br />
In a 2024 feature, ''[[ThePrint]]'' described the film as "one of Bollywood’s most iconic family dramas," citing its ensemble cast, memorable dialogues, and enduring music.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2024-12-14 |title='Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham' turns 23: Karan Johar reflects on the legacy of his iconic film |url=https://theprint.in/feature/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-turns-23-karan-johar-reflects-on-the-legacy-of-his-iconic-film/2403346/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' characterized it as a "feel-good movie" that "instantly uplifts my mood," noting its continued popularity more than two decades after release.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Merchant |first=Tasneem |date=2025-03-03 |title='Instantly uplifts my mood': why Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham is my feelgood movie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/mar/03/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-feelgood-movie |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><br />
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Critics and scholars have observed that the film played a key role in shaping mainstream Hindi cinema’s engagement with themes of class, familial expectation, and identity in post-liberalization India. Its stylized portrayal of London and Delhi as symbolic cultural spaces has been widely discussed in academic literature, particularly in relation to diasporic longing, aspirational consumption, and patriarchal conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ruchicac |date=2018-06-21 |title=Reading Reflection Time: Bollywood Style! – WAGSFP |url=https://courses.lsa.umich.edu/wagsfp/2018/06/21/reading-reflection-time-bollywood-style/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{sfn|Punathambekar|2005|pp=151–173}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Therwath |first=Ingrid |date=2010-12-08 |title='Shining Indians': Diaspora and Exemplarity in Bollywood |url=https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3000? |journal=South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal |language=en |issue=4 |doi=10.4000/samaj.3000 |issn=1960-6060|doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
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''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' has also had a lasting impact on popular culture. The character of Poo, portrayed by [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], emerged as a generational [[Pop icon|pop culture icon]], celebrated across [[social media]] platforms for her confidence, style, and comedic timing. In 2021, ''[[Elle (India)|Elle India]]'' referred to Poo as "Bollywood's original [[Generation Z|Gen Z]] icon," while ''[[Vogue India]]'' likened her to Western figures such as [[Elle Woods]] and Cher Horowitz, citing her influence on early-2000s fashion in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raniwala |first=Praachi |date=2020-10-26 |title=Kylie Jenner is basically Poo from Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, and these outfits are proof |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/kylie-jenner-is-basically-poo-from-kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-and-these-outfits-are-proof |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
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The film’s long-term popularity has been reinforced through frequent television broadcasts, international syndication, and sustained viewership on streaming platforms. In 2020, ''[[The Guardian]]'' included the film in its curated list of underappreciated global titles available on [[Netflix]], calling it a "Bollywood extravaganza" that deserved wider international recognition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalia |first=Ammar |date=2020-07-10 |title=My streaming gem: why you should watch Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jul/10/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham-review-streaming-netflix |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><br />
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In a 2021 interview, director [[Karan Johar]] reflected on the film’s continued resonance, expressing surprise at the affection it still receives from audiences worldwide. He noted that while the film was rooted in traditional values, its emotional universality contributed to its lasting relevance.<ref name="auto1"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Eckstein<br />
|given1=Lars<br />
|year=2008<br />
|title=Multi-Ethnic Britain 2000+: New Perspectives in Literature, Film and the Arts<br />
|publisher= Rodopi<br />
|isbn=978-9042024977<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Hirji<br />
|given1=Faiza<br />
|year=2010<br />
|title=Dreaming in Canadian: South Asian Youth, Bollywood, and Belonging<br />
|publisher= UBC Press<br />
|isbn=978-0774817981<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Mazumdar<br />
|given1=Ranjani<br />
|year=2007<br />
|title=Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City<br />
|publisher= University of Minnesota Press<br />
|isbn=978-0816649426<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Mazur<br />
|given1=Eric<br />
|year=2011<br />
|title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Film<br />
|publisher= ABC-CLIO<br />
|isbn=978-0313330728<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Bhattacharya Mehta<br />
|given1=Rini<br />
|surname2=Pandharipande<br />
|given2=Rajeshwari<br />
|year=2010<br />
|title=Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora: Anthem South Asian Studies<br />
|publisher= Anthem Press<br />
|isbn=978-1843318330<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Omar<br />
|given1=Fuad<br />
|year=2006<br />
|title=Bollywood: An Insider's Guide<br />
|publisher= Lulu.com<br />
|isbn=1847280099<br />
}}.<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Oonk<br />
|given1=Gijsbert<br />
|year=2007<br />
|title=Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory<br />
|publisher= Amsterdam University Press<br />
|isbn=978-9053560358<br />
}}.<br />
* {{cite journal<br />
|last1=Punathambekar<br />
|first1=Aswin<br />
|title=Bollywood in the Indian-American Diaspora: Mediating a transitive logic of cultural citizenship<br />
|journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies<br />
|volume=8<br />
|issue=2<br />
|pages=151–173<br />
|publisher=SAGE Publications<br />
|year=2005<br />
|url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~aswinp/K3G_IJCS_June05.pdf<br />
|doi=10.1177/1367877905052415<br />
|s2cid=145205351<br />
|access-date=9 May 2012<br />
|archive-date=4 March 2016<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112818/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~aswinp/K3G_IJCS_June05.pdf<br />
|url-status=dead<br />
}}<br />
* {{Citation<br />
|surname1=Stringer<br />
|given1=Julian<br />
|year=2003<br />
|title=Movie Blockbusters<br />
|publisher= Routledge<br />
|isbn=0415256089<br />
}}.<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
|surname1=Iyengar<br />
|given1=Niranjan<br />
|year=2002<br />
|title=The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham<br />
|publisher= Dharma Productions (in association with) India Book House, India<br />
|isbn=81-7508-338-7<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Portal|Bollywood}}<br />
* {{Mojo title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham}}<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{TCMDb title}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham<!-- id# 201895 -->|title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham}}<br />
* [http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/12k3g.htm ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''] at [[Rediff.com|Rediff]]<br />
* [http://www.yashrajfilms.com/movies/kabhi-khushi-kabhie-gham ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''] at [[Yash Raj Films]]<br />
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020204064932/http://www.k3gthefilm.com/main.asp |date=4 February 2002 |title=Official website}}<br />
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107201331/http://www.dharma-production.com/Movies/kkkg.aspx |date=7 January 2012 |title=Official site on Dharma Productions}}<br />
<br />
{{Karan Johar}}<br />
{{Dharma Productions}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2001 films]]<br />
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Karan Johar]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in London]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Aadesh Shrivastava]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Jatin–Lalit]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sandesh Shandilya]]<br />
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]<br />
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]<br />
[[Category:Films about mother–son relationships]]<br />
[[Category:Films about families]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Egypt]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Buckinghamshire]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Cardiff]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Wales]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in London]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_roles_and_awards_of_Kangana_Ranaut&diff=513198List of roles and awards of Kangana Ranaut2026-05-06T13:07:55Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up Some Stub More To Come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{featured list}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
[[File:Kangana Ranaut promoting Rangoon.jpg|thumb|alt=Kangana Ranaut is smiling at the camera|Ranaut in 2017]]<br />
[[Kangana Ranaut]] is an Indian actress and filmmaker who predominantly works in [[Hindi]] films, in addition to a few [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. She has received four [[National Film Awards]], five [[Filmfare Awards]], three [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], and one award each from the [[Screen Awards|Screen]], [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine]], [[SIIMA Awards|SIIMA]], and [[Producers Guild Film Awards|Producers Guild]] award ceremonies.<br />
<br />
Ranaut made her acting debut in 2006 with a leading role in the romantic thriller ''[[Gangster (2006 film)|Gangster]]'', winning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref name="bio">{{cite news|title=Kangana Ranaut |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-celebrityintro/kangana-ranaut/article1-894273.aspx |access-date=28 January 2015 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=23 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205105648/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-celebrityintro/kangana-ranaut/article1-894273.aspx |archive-date= 5 February 2015 }}</ref> Her portrayals of a character based on actress [[Parveen Babi]] in ''[[Woh Lamhe]]'' (2006) and a shrewd socialite in ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'' (2007) were lauded,<ref name="journey">{{cite news|title=Kangana Ranaut's impressive Bollywood journey |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kangana-ranauts-impressive-bollywood-journey-216627-2013-11-05 |access-date=9 March 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |date=6 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309061446/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kangana-ranauts-impressive-bollywood-journey/1/321907.html |archive-date= 9 March 2014 }}</ref> with the latter earning her a [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female]].<ref name="bio"/> She won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] and a Filmfare Award [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|in the same category]] for playing a [[Substance dependence|substance abusing]] supermodel in the drama ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]'' (2008).<ref name="bio"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm56NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=56NFA.pdf |title=56th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |page=40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130000605/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm56NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=56NFA.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2013 }}</ref> Also in 2008, she featured in the Tamil film ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]''.<ref name="dhaam">{{cite news |title=Last work of a talented director |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-188902335.html |work=[[Post (South Africa)|Post]] |url-access= |access-date=20 March 2014 |date=12 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611094757/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-188902335.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Ranaut featured in several commercially successful films, including the supernatural thriller ''[[Raaz: The Mystery Continues]]'' (2009), the crime film ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010), the romantic comedy ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]'' (2011), and the comedy ''[[Double Dhamaal]]'' (2011).<ref name="box office">{{cite web|title=Kangana Ranaut: Box Office Details and Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/kangana_ranaut |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=9 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918191957/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/kangana_ranaut |archive-date=18 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> For her role in ''Tanu Weds Manu'', she received nominations for the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Zee Cine]] and [[Screen Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="screen">{{cite web|title=Nominations for 18th Annual Colors Screen Awards 2012 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2951 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=9 March 2014 |date=6 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121053726/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2951 |archive-date=21 January 2016 }}</ref><ref name="zee">{{cite web|title=Zee Cine Awards 2012-Nomination List |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2012-nomination-list_104104.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=9 March 2014 |date=18 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202203/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2012-nomination-list_104104.html |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> She followed this by playing brief roles in a series of box office flops that failed to propel her career forward.<ref name="bad">{{cite web|title=Films like 'Rascals' didn't badly affect my career: Kangana Ranaut |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/films-like-rascals-didnt-badly-affect-my-career-kangana-ranaut/428733-8-66.html |access-date=10 March 2014 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320174206/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/films-like-rascals-didnt-badly-affect-my-career-kangana-ranaut/428733-8-66.html |archive-date=20 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, Ranaut played Kaya, a [[shapeshifting]] [[mutant (fiction)|mutant]], in the science fiction film ''[[Krrish 3]]'', which ranks among the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood films]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6308&nCat= |title=Worldwide Top Ten 2013 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212753/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6308&nCat= |archive-date= 4 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She received an [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]] nomination for it.<ref name="iifa">{{cite web|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2014 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6193 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=21 February 2014 |date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221101141/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6193 |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref> Ranaut garnered critical acclaim for starring in the [[coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] film ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' (2014),<ref name="box office"/> for which she also co-wrote the dialogues.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pathak |first=Ankur |title=Queen and I |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Queen-and-I/articleshow/32388674.cms |access-date=21 March 2014 |newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=21 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323050429/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Queen-and-I/articleshow/32388674.cms |archive-date=23 March 2014 }}</ref> She won several awards for ''Queen'', including the [[National Film Award for Best Actress|National Film Award]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Filmfare Award]] for Best Actress.<ref name="ff15">{{cite news|title=60th Britannia Filmfare Awards 2014: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/46080277.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 January 2015 |access-date=31 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203081332/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/46080277.cms |archive-date= 3 February 2015 }}</ref><ref name="nfa15">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/62nd-national-film-awards-winners-haider-wins-five-queen-two/ |title=62nd National Film Awards' winners: 'Haider' wins five, Kangana Ranaut's 'Queen' two |work=The Indian Express |date=24 March 2015 |access-date=24 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325062007/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/62nd-national-film-awards-winners-haider-wins-five-queen-two/ |archive-date=25 March 2015 }}</ref> Ranaut played dual roles in the sequel ''[[Tanu Weds Manu: Returns]]'' (2015), which became the first female-led Hindi film to earn over {{INRConvert|1|b}} in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/496 |title=Box Office: Tanu Weds Manu Returns becomes first Women Centric film to enter the Rs. 100 cr club |date=2 June 2015 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=2 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602183754/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/496 |archive-date= 2 June 2015 }}</ref> She received a [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Filmfare Critics Award]] and a second consecutive National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance.<ref name="critic">{{cite news|title=Full list of winners of the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/full-list-of-winners-of-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11841.html |work=Filmfare |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316165017/http://www.filmfare.com/news/full-list-of-winners-of-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11841.html |archive-date=16 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
This success was followed by a series of commercially failed films, which led to a decline in Ranaut's stardom.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kangana-ranauts-dhaakad-disastrous-flop-box-office-2nd-consecutive-nonstarter-8-flops-last-9-releases/<br />
|title=Dhaakad is a disastrous flop at the box office; 2nd consecutive nonstarter and 8 flops of the last 9 releases for Kangana Ranaut|date=26 May 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=27 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6946|title=Dhaakad Is One of the Biggest Disasters of All Time|date=24 May 2022 |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=24 May 2022 }}</ref> Her sole commercial success came with the 2019 period drama ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'', which she also co-directed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Ladki Ko Dekha... Flops – Manikarnika Decent Second Week |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4703 |access-date=8 February 2019 |publisher=Box Office India |date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208142537/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4703 |archive-date=8 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her portrayal of freedom fighter [[Rani of Jhansi]] in it and a [[kabaddi]] player in the 2020 sports drama ''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]'' jointly won her another National Film Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 22, 2021|title=67th National Film Awards: Kangana Ranaut, Sushant Singh Rajput's Chhichhore win. See complete list of winners here|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/67th-national-film-awards-kangana-ranaut-sushant-singh-rajput-s-chhichhore-win-101616411773402-amp.html|access-date=2021-03-23|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> Her portrayal of [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the biopic ''[[Thalaivii]]'' (2021) won her a [[SIIMA Award]] for Best Actress – Tamil.<ref name="siima">{{Cite news |date=12 September 2022 |title=SIIMA 2022: Kangana Ranaut, Arya, Tovino Thomas, Aishwarya Lekshmi win top acting honours |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/photo-gallery-siima-2022-kangana-ranaut-arya-tovino-thomas-aishwarya-lekshmi-win-top-acting-honours-2984472/arya-2984474|access-date=2 March 2022 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> In 2022, Ranaut hosted the streaming reality show ''[[Lock Upp (season 1)|Lock Upp]]'' to strong viewership.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2022 |title=Lock Upp become the most viewed reality show in OTT space |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kangana-ranaut-s-lock-upp-becomes-highest-watched-reality-show-in-ott-space-with-100-million-views-in-19-days-101647853727435.html|access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Further critical and commercial failures came with her 2023 releases, ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' and ''[[Tejas (film)|Tejas]]'', as well as her second directorial, ''[[Emergency (2025 film)|Emergency]]'' (2025), in which she portrayed [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Raghava Lawrence, Kangana Ranaut's Chandramukhi 2 to stream on Netflix from this date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/raghava-lawrence-kangana-ranauts-chandramukhi-2-to-stream-on-netflix-from-this-date-8993682/|work=The Indian Express|date=21 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022065412/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/raghava-lawrence-kangana-ranauts-chandramukhi-2-to-stream-on-netflix-from-this-date-8993682/|archive-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaushal|first=Ruchi|date=30 October 2023 |title=Why Kangana Ranaut's Tejas crashed, per experts: 'It's a bad film, nowhere close to Top Gun' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/experts-share-why-kangana-ranauts-tejas-did-not-land-it-is-a-bad-film-not-close-to-top-gun-mission-impossible-101698652868566.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Abhimanyu |last=Mathur | title=Analysing the Emergency box office debacle: Politics, perception of bias, or delay, what hurt the Kangana Ranaut film | work=Hindustan Times | date=22 January 2025| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/analysing-emergency-box-office-debacle-politics-perception-of-bias-delay-what-hurt-kangana-ranaut-indira-gandhi-biopic-101737545616818.html | access-date=22 January 2025 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Films ==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role(s)<br />
! scope="col" | Language(s)<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2006<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Gangster (2006 film)|Gangster]]''<br />
| Simran<br />
| rowspan="4" | [[Hindi]]<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|- <br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Woh Lamhe]]'' <br />
| {{Sort|Azim|Sana Azim}} <br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Woh Lamhe (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54603 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329094252/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54603 |archive-date=29 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2007<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Shakalaka Boom Boom]]''<br />
| Ruhi<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Shakalaka Boom Boom (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55701 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329101204/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55701 |archive-date=29 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Life in a... Metro]]''<br />
| Neha<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Life in A... Metro (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/513031 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329101200/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/513031 |archive-date=29 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]''<br />
| Shenba<br />
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref name="dhaam"/><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Gujral|Shonali Gujral}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |Hindi<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Fashion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/fashion/movie-review/3659730.cms |access-date=9 March 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=31 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222051301/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Fashion/movie-review/3659730.cms |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2009<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Raaz: The Mystery Continues]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Chopra|Nandita Chopra}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Raaz – The Mystery Continues (2009) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508861 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329101156/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508861 |archive-date=29 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name="AhmadMoreland2013">{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Aalya |last2=Moreland|first2=Sean|title=Fear and Learning: Essays on the Pedagogy of Horror|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZAsqz1FudIC&pg=PA82|date=25 March 2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-6820-1|page=82}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Vaada Raha]]''<br />
| Pooja<br />
|Special appearance<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaada raha... i promise (2009) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508701 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301083210/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508701 |archive-date= 1 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ek Niranjan]]''<br />
| Sameera<br />
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |title=Ek Niranjan falls flat |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-ek-niranjan/20091029.htm |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=29 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320113512/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-ek-niranjan/20091029.htm |archive-date=20 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2010<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kites (film)|Kites]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Grover|Gina Grover}}<br />
| rowspan="25" |Hindi<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kites (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/502808 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106130616/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/502808 |archive-date= 6 January 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''<br />
| Rehana<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/597598 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409081423/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/597598 |archive-date= 9 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | '' [[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]] ''<br />
| {{Sort|Shrivastava|Nidhi Shrivastava}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Knock Out (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/515929 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231114639/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/515929 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]''<br />
| Sanjana<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=No Problem (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505398 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230211657/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505398 |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2011<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|Tanuja "Tanu" Trivedi}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanu Weds Manu (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503903 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525225704/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503903 |archive-date=25 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Game (2011 film)|Game]] ''<br />
| {{Sort|Agnihotri|Sia Agnihotri}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Game (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549416 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231175824/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549416 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]''<br />
| Kiran<br />
| Special appearance<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ready (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525563 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301053439/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525563 |archive-date= 1 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Double Dhamaal]]''<br />
| Kiya<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Double Dhamaal (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537683 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331063027/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537683 |archive-date=31 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Rascals (2011 film)|Rascals]]''<br />
| Khushi<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rascals (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537945 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231174646/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537945 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Miley Naa Miley Hum]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Shrivastava|Anishka Shrivastava}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Miley Naa Miley Hum (2011) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/536572 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727140718/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/536572 |archive-date=27 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tezz]]''<br />
| Nikita Malhotra<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tezz (2012) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537946 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226030924/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537946 |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2013<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Shootout at Wadala]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Joshi|Vidya Joshi}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Shootout at Wadala (2012) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547370 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624024324/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547370 |archive-date=24 June 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Krrish 3]]''<br />
| Kaya<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Krrish 3 (2013) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525408 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708002451/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525408 |archive-date= 8 July 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Rajjo]]''<br />
| Rajjo<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajjo (2013) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/560699 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902023108/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/560699 |archive-date= 2 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2014<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Mehra|Rani Mehra}}<br />
| Also dialogue writer<br />
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web | title=Film Review {{!}} Queen | url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zrk2BVrTORCq72JOVERWhL/Film-Review--Queen.html | access-date=2025-08-24 | website=www.livemint.com | date=7 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Revolver Rani]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Singh|Alka Singh}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Revolver Rani (2014) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507591 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=25 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502152504/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507591 |archive-date= 2 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ungli]]''<br />
| Maya<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ungli (2014) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/566643 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214220656/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/566643 |archive-date=14 February 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2015<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Sangwan|Kusum "Datto" Sangwan}}/ Tanuja "Tanu" Trivedi{{efn|name=tanu|Ranaut played dual roles in the film.<ref name="tanu2"/>}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref name="tanu2">{{cite web|title=Check out: Kangna Ranaut's warming up session on Tanu Weds Manu sets |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7558 |access-date=27 November 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126021756/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7558 |archive-date=26 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tanu Weds Manu Returns (2015) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547997 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330083932/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547997 |archive-date=30 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[I Love NY (2015 film)|I Love NY]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Verma|Tikku Verma}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title='I Love NY' review: Both Sunny Deol and Kangana Ranaut deserved a better film|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/i-love-ny-review-both-sunny-deol-and-kangana-ranaut-deserved-a-better-film-1018831.html|work=[[CNN-News18|News18]]|date=11 July 2015|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Katti Batti]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Saluja|Payal Saluja}}<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Katti Batti (2015) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/746613 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113063107/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/746613 |archive-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Rangoon (2017 Hindi film)|Rangoon]]''<br />
| Julia<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rangoon is a grand hotchpotch! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rangoon-is-a-grand-hotchpotch/20170224.htm |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |date=24 February 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225024840/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rangoon-is-a-grand-hotchpotch/20170224.htm |archive-date=25 February 2017 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Simran (film)|Simran]]''<br />
| Praful Patel<br />
| Also co-writer<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Coutinhol |first=Natasha |title=Kangana Ranaut turns scriptwriter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kangana-ranautturns-scriptwriter/articleshow/58374819.cms |access-date=11 May 2017 |work=The Times of India |date=26 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427042648/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kangana-ranautturns-scriptwriter/articleshow/58374819.cms |archive-date=27 April 2017 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''<br />
| [[Rani Laxmibai]]<br />
| Also co-director <br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Lohana|first=Avinash|title=Krish on directing Kangana Ranaut-starrer Manikarnika{{mdash}}The Queen of Jhansi|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/krish-on-directing-kangana-ranaut-starrer-manikarnika-the-queen-of-jhansi/articleshow/58617059.cms|access-date=11 May 2017|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=11 May 2017}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Judgementall Hai Kya]]''<br />
| Bobby Grewal<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/judgementall-hai-kya-movie-review-kangana-ranaut-dazzles-in-a-film-about-mind-games/story-yFXyYBru3CmqFlELhKznkL.html|title=Judgementall Hai Kya movie review: Kangana Ranaut dazzles in a film about mind games|last=Sen|first=Raja|work=Hindustan Times|date=26 July 2019|access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]''<br />
| Jaya Nigam<br />
|<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-schedule-of-panga-wrapped-up/articleshow/66982371.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207122003/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-schedule-of-panga-wrapped-up/articleshow/66982371.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2018|title=Kangana Ranaut wraps up the first schedule of Panga}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Thalaivii]]''<br />
| [[J. Jayalalithaa]]<br />
| Tamil<br>Hindi<br />
|Bilingual film<br />
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=Thalaivii review – if Margaret Thatcher went to the Rank charm school|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/06/thalaivii-review-kangana-ranaut|access-date=2021-09-22|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=S|first=Srivatsan|date=2021-09-09|title='Thalaivii' movie review: Arvind Swami kills it as MGR in a Jayalalithaa biopic that has her playing a cameo|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/thalaivii-movie-review-arvind-swami-kills-it-as-mgr-in-a-jayalalithaa-biopic-that-has-her-playing-a-cameo/article36376801.ece|access-date=2021-09-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Dhaakad]]''<br />
| Agent Agni<br />
| rowspan="2" |Hindi<br />
| <br />
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kangana-ranaut-wraps-dhaakad-says-character-will-live-beyond-film/|title= Kangana Ranaut wraps up Dhaakad, says her character will live in me beyond the film|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 August 2021|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3"| 2023<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tiku Weds Sheru]]''<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|Producer; also special appearance as herself<br />
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2, 2022|title=Kangana Ranaut wraps shoot of Nawazuddin Siddiqui co-starrer 'Tiku Weds Sheru'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kangana-ranaut-wraps-shoot-of-nawazuddin-siddiqui-co-starrer-tiku-weds-sheru-2931890|access-date=2022-02-02|website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Chandramukhi 2]]''<br />
|Chandramukhi<br />
|Tamil<br />
|<br />
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite news|date=6 December 2022|title=Kangana Ranaut commences filming for Chandramukhi 2|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kangana-ranaut-commences-filming-for-chandramukhi-2-8308441/|access-date=20 December 2022|newspaper=The Indian Express }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Tejas (film)|Tejas]]''<br />
| Tejas Gill<br />
| rowspan="2" |Hindi<br />
| <br />
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|date=October 30, 2021|title=This will make entire nation proud: Kangana wraps 'Tejas' with special video|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/this-will-make-entire-nation-proud-kangana-wraps-tejas-with-special-video20211030215251|access-date=2022-02-02|website=[[Asian News International]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Emergency (2025 film)|Emergency]]''<br />
|[[Indira Gandhi]]<br />
|Also director and producer <br />
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2022|title=Kangana Ranaut unveils first look of Emergency, plays the role of PM Indira Gandhi; watch video|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kangana-ranaut-unveils-first-look-emergency-plays-role-pm-indira-gandhi-watch-video/|access-date=14 July 2022|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2026<br />
! scope="row" |''Bharatha Bhhagya Vidhata ''<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|Hindi<br />
|June 12th release <br />
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2026|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-returns-to-set-begins-filming-her-next-bharat-bhhagya-viddhaata-bollywood-101767671420967-amp.html|title=Kangana Ranaut returns to set, begins filming her next Bharat Bhhagya Viddhaata: 'Nice to be back'|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
! scope="row" {{Pending film|Circle|italic=no}}<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|Hindi<br>Tamil<br>Telugu<br />
|Trilingual film<br />
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=Kangana Ranaut reunites with R Madhavan for new film, teases 'very unusual and exciting script' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-reunites-with-r-madhavan-for-new-film-teases-very-unusual-and-exciting-script-101700293153060.html |access-date=20 November 2023 |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
! scope="row" |''Queen 2 ''<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|Hindi<br />
|Filming <br />
|align="center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<!--Do not include future projects unless a reliable source confirms that filming has begun. See [[WP:CRYSTAL]].--><br />
<!--Works without a valid source will be removed from the filmography.--><br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col"| Title<br />
! scope="col"| Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Lock Upp (season 1)|Lock Upp]]''<br />
| Host<br />
| Reality show<br />
| align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 3, 2022|title=Kangana Ranaut to host ALTBalaji & MX Player's biggest & most fearless reality show - Lock Upp: Badass Jail, Atyaachari Khel!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/kangana-ranaut-to-host-altbalaji-mx-players-biggest-most-fearless-reality-show-lock-upp-badass-jail-atyaachari-khel/articleshow/89327537.cms|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations==<br />
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Award for Best Supporting Actress to Ms. Kangana Ranaut for Hindi film “Fashion”, at the 56th National Film Awards function, in New Delhi on March 19, 2010.jpg|thumb|Ranaut at the [[56th National Film Awards]] ceremony in 2010]]<br />
[[File:KanganaRanaut 62ndNationalAwards.png|thumb|Ranaut at the [[62nd National Film Awards]] ceremony in 2015]]<br />
[[File:Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Padma Shri Award to Ms. Kangna Ranaut.jpg|thumb|Ranaut at the [[67th National Film Awards]] ceremony in 2021]]<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+ Awards and nominations received by Ranaut<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" |Year{{efn|name=years|Refers to the year in which the ceremony was held.}}<br />
! scope="col" |Award<br />
! scope="col" |Category<br />
! scope="col" |Work<br />
! scope="col" |Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || rowspan="2" |[[Global Indian Film Awards]]||[[GIFA Best Female Debut Award|Best Female Debut]]|| rowspan="10" |''[[Gangster (2006 film)|Gangster]]''|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="gifa">{{cite news|title=Kangana Ranaut new face of 2006 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061225/main8.htm |access-date=11 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=25 December 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007172158/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061225/main8.htm |archive-date= 7 October 2008 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[GIFA Best Actress Award|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Going global |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061030/asp/calcutta/story_6933881.asp |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=30 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121191048/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061030/asp/calcutta/story_6933881.asp |archive-date=21 November 2008 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" | 2007 || [[Asian Festival of First Films]] || Best Actress || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bollywood Movie Awards]] || [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards]] || [[Filmfare Best Female Debut Award|Best Female Debut]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Best Female Debut]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Mitchell |first=Wendy |title=Rang De Basanti leads Idea IIFA Awards nominations |url=http://www.screendaily.com/rang-de-basanti-leads-idea-iifa-awards-nominations/4031776.article |access-date=12 March 2014 |work=[[Screen International]] |date=4 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212610/http://www.screendaily.com/rang-de-basanti-leads-idea-iifa-awards-nominations/4031776.article |archive-date=12 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Awards]] || [[Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Cine Awards]] <br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Stardust Awards]]||[[Stardust Superstar of Tomorrow - Female|Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]]|| {{won}} || align="center" |<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2008 ||[[Stardust Breakthrough Performance Award (Female)|Breakthrough Performance – Female]]||''[[Life in a... Metro]]''|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2009 ||[[Filmfare Awards]]||[[Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award|Best Supporting Actress]]|| rowspan="6" |''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] || [[IIFA Best Supporting Actress Award|Best Supporting Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Awards]] || [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Awards]] || [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/15375/index.html |title=Kangna Ranaut : Awards & Nominations |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=17 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429074613/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/15375/index.html |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]{{efn|name=apsara|Also known as Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards.}} || [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Stardust Awards]] || [[Stardust Best Supporting Actress Award|Best Supporting Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="bio"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011 ||[[Stardust Award for Best Actress in a Thriller or Action|Best Actress – Thriller/Action]]|| rowspan="2" |''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''|| {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards1"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Cine Awards]] || [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite video|date=14 January 2011 |title=Best Actor in a Supporting Role Female |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/2011/videos/best-actor-in-a-supporting-role-female.html |publisher=[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] |access-date=12 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212415/http://www.zeecineawards.com/2011/videos/best-actor-in-a-supporting-role-female.html |archive-date=12 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2012 ||[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actor – Female]]|| rowspan="5" |''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''|| {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards2">{{cite web|title=Kangna Ranaut—Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85048 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=9 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309213741/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85048 |archive-date= 9 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Awards]] || [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="screen"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] || [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards2"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Awards]] || [[Stardust Award for Best Actress in a Comedy or Romance|Best Actress – Comedy/Romance]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards2"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]||[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]|| {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="zee"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" | 2014 || rowspan="2" |[[Screen Awards]]||[[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress (Popular Choice)]]||''[[Krrish 3]]'' / ''[[Shootout at Wadala]]''{{efn|name=two|Ranaut received a single nomination for her roles in both films.<ref name="screen 2014"/>}}|| {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="screen 2014">{{cite web|title=20th Annual Screen Awards 2014: The complete list of nominees |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=9 March 2014 |date=8 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301031113/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html |archive-date= 1 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |''[[Krrish 3]]''|| {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="iifa"/><br />
|-<br />
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br />
|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]|| {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="screen 2014"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] || [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 9th Renault Star Guild Awards |date=15 January 2014 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6028 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127014438/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6028/ |archive-date=27 January 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Zee Cine Awards]] || [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="awards2"/><br />
|-<br />
|[[NDTV Indian of the Year]] || Actor of the Year<br />
| rowspan="2" |{{mdash}}|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |title=NDTV Indian of the Year: Kangana Ranaut named Actor Of The Year |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kangana-ranaut-named-actor-of-the-year-515978 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=7 May 2014 |date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503082719/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kangana-ranaut-named-actor-of-the-year-515978 |archive-date= 3 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[CNN-IBN Indian of the Year]] || Special Achievement Award || {{won}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian of the Year: Winners 2014 |url=http://www.indianoftheyear.com/winners-2014.php |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=1 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329231906/http://indianoftheyear.com/winners-2014.php |archive-date=29 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]] || Best Actress<br />
| rowspan="14" |''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''|| {{won}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Big B honoured with International Screen Icon award at IFFM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Big-B-honoured-with-International-Screen-Icon-award-at-IFFM/articleshow/34626659.cms |access-date=15 July 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507044218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Big-B-honoured-with-International-Screen-Icon-award-at-IFFM/articleshow/34626659.cms |archive-date= 7 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Stardust Awards]] || [[Stardust Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of Stardust Awards 2014 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215100048/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |archive-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Female|Star of the Year – Female]] || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2014 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=8 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210064653/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612 |archive-date=10 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]] || Most Entertaining Actor (Film) – Female || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="bigstar14">{{cite web|title=Big Star Entertainment Awards Nominations List 2014 |url=http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |access-date=30 December 2014 |publisher=[[Reliance Broadcast Network]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316160729/http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |archive-date=16 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Social/Drama Film – Female || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="bigstar14" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" | 2015 || rowspan="2" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] || [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="starguild15">{{cite web|title=Nominations for 10th Renault Star Guild Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741 |access-date=8 January 2015 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711120004/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741 |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Dialogue <small>(shared with [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]])</small> || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref name="starguild15" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Screen Awards]] || [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards nominations |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |access-date=8 January 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161059/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |archive-date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress (Popular Choice)]] || {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Crowd Favourites |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |access-date=5 January 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205031/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |archive-date= 3 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] <small>(shared with [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]])</small>|| {{nom}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711235814/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Awards]] || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center" |<ref name="ff15" /><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] || {{nom}} || align="center" |{{Cn|date=January 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Awards]] || [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center" |<ref name="nfa15" /><br />
|-<br />
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title='Queen' wins top honours at IIFA |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=8 June 2015 |date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132306/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Stardust Awards]] || [[Stardust Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| rowspan="14" |''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]''|| {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9423 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 December 2015 |access-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330050312/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9423 |archive-date=30 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]] || Most Entertaining Actor in a Comedy Film – Female || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="big15">{{cite web |title=BIG Star Screen Awards 2015 |url=http://www.hotstar.com/tv/big-star-entertainment-awards/6995/the-main-event/1000080773 |publisher=Star India |access-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414122625/http://www.hotstar.com/tv/big-star-entertainment-awards/6995/the-main-event/1000080773 |archive-date=14 April 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Film – Female || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="big15"/><br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Drama Film – Female || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="big15"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" | 2016 || rowspan="2" | [[Screen Awards]] || [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress (Popular Choice)]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="screen16">{{cite web|title=22nd Star Screen Awards |url=http://www.hotstar.com/tv/star-screen-awards/7050/main-awards-ceremony/1000082990 |publisher=[[Star India]] |access-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317213510/http://www.hotstar.com/tv/star-screen-awards/7050/main-awards-ceremony/1000082990 |archive-date=17 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref name="screen16"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] || [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9444 |title=Nominations for 11th Renault Star Guild Awards |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=21 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330050155/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9444 |archive-date=30 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Awards]] || [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref name="critic"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |work=Filmfare |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315031252/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Cine Awards]] || [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actor – Female]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zee Cine Award Nominations|url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/voting/best-actor-female/|date=4 February 2016|publisher=Zee Cine Awards|access-date=4 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208094922/http://www.zeecineawards.com/voting/best-actor-female/|archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Female|Critics Award for Best Actor – Female]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Zee Cine Awards 2016: Here are the nominations for the jury awards |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zee-cine-awards-2016-here-are-the-nominations-for-the-jury-awards-2178867 |date=18 February 2016 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=18 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221113341/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zee-cine-awards-2016-here-are-the-nominations-for-the-jury-awards-2178867 |archive-date=21 February 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Times of India Film Awards]] || Best Actor – Female || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title=TOIFA 2016: Check out the full list of winners here! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-toifa-2016-check-out-the-full-list-of-winners-here-2191322 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=19 March 2016 |access-date=28 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322060411/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-toifa-2016-check-out-the-full-list-of-winners-here-2191322 |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Awards]] || [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{won}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |title=63rd National Film Awards: List of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-National-Film-Awards-List-of-winners/articleshow/51580133.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 March 2013 |access-date=28 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331075309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-National-Film-Awards-List-of-winners/articleshow/51580133.cms |archive-date=31 March 2016 }}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || {{nom}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2016 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/10604 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 May 2016 |access-date=29 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529123010/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/10604 |archive-date=29 May 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[CNN-IBN Indian of the Year]] || Special Achievement Award<br />
|{{mdash}}|| {{won}} || align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kangana Ranaut, Rajamouli Honoured With Indian of the Year Award |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/kangana-ranaut-rajamouli-honoured-with-indian-of-the-year-award-1254238.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=10 June 2016 |access-date=12 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611155741/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/kangana-ranaut-rajamouli-honoured-with-indian-of-the-year-award-1254238.html |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2018<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]<br />
|[[Rangoon (2017 Hindi film)|''Rangoon'']]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2018/nominations/critics-best-actor-female|title=Critics Best Actor in Leading Role Female 2017 Nominees {{!}} Filmfare Awards|work=Filmfare|access-date=20 January 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071515/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2018/nominations/critics-best-actor-female|archive-date=21 January 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Screen Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
|''[[Simran (film)|Simran]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|{{Cn|date=January 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1" |2019<br />
|''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|{{Cn|date=January 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2020<br />
|[[Padma Shri]]<br />
|Art<br />
|[[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|Civilian Award]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awardees: 2020|url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020AwardeesList_25012020_2.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=25 January 2020|accessdate=26 August 2020|pages=2–6}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]<br />
|''[[Judgementall Hai Kya]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|title=CRITICS BEST ACTOR IN LEADING ROLE (FEMALE) NOMINEE - Kangana Ranaut - Judgementall Hai Kya|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations/critics-best-actor-female/critics-kangana-ranaut|access-date=13 March 2022|website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
|''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|title=BEST ACTOR IN LEADING ROLE (FEMALE) NOMINEE - Kangana Ranaut - Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations/best-actor-female/kangana-ranaut|access-date=13 March 2022|website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|[[Panga (film)|''Panga'']] <br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|title=BEST ACTOR IN LEADING ROLE (FEMALE) NOMINEE - Kangana Ranaut - Panga|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/nominations/best-actor-female/kangana-ranaut|access-date=13 March 2022|website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[National Film Awards]]<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
|•''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2021-03-22|title=67th National Film Awards: Kangana Ranaut wins best actress for Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi & Panga |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/67th-national-film-awards-kangana-ranaut-wins-best-actress-for-manikarnika-the-queen-of-jhansi-panga-692734|access-date=2021-03-22|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress – Tamil<br />
|''[[Thalaivii]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|align="center"|<ref name="siima"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=2144007|name=Kangana Ranaut}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120110161354/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/85048 Kangana Ranaut] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranaut, Kangana}}<br />
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of awards received by Indian actor]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalamassery_Assembly_constituency&diff=507586Kalamassery Assembly constituency2026-05-06T12:25:56Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Kerala Legislative Assembly constituency}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| state = Kerala<br />
| name= Kalamassery<br />
| type = SLA<br />
<br />
| constituency_no = 77<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption =<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 1,93,343 (2021)<br />
| mla = V.E Abdul Gafoor<br />
<br />
| party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| district = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]<br />
}} <br />
'''Kalamassery State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = https://ernakulam.nic.in/legislative-assembly<br />
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Ernakulam district, Kerala<br />
}}</ref> As of the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 assembly elections]], the current MLA is Abdul Gafoor. <br />
<br />
The assembly has major PSU [[Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore]] two major industrial estates and more than 500 small and medium scale enterprises.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=K. A. |date=2021-03-22 |title=LDF senses a chance for victory in Kalamassery |url= https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/ldf-senses-a-chance-for-victory-in-kalamassery/article34132604.ece |access-date=2025-12-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Local self-governed segments==<br />
Kalamassery Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ernakulam.html<br />
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Ernakulam District<br />
|access-date = 7 October 2019<br />
|archive-date = 14 March 2011<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110314055251/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ernakulam.html<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"<br />
!width="30px" |Sl no.<br />
!width="100px" |Name<br />
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])<br />
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Kalamassery]]<br />
|Municipality<br />
|[[Kanayannur#Revenue villages in Kanayannur Taluk|Kanayannur]]<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Eloor]]<br />
|Municipality<br />
|[[Paravur Taluk|Paravur]]<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Alangad]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Paravur Taluk|Paravur]]<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Kadungalloor]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Paravur Taluk|Paravur]]<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Karumalloor]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Paravur Taluk|Paravur]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Kunnukara]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Paravur Taluk|Paravur]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Kalamassery Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/kalamassery-assembly-constituency-map.html<br />
|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Kalamassery<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Key'''<br />
<br />
{{Party index link|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br />
{{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Election<br />
!Niyama<br>Sabha<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| 13th<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
| 14th<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|15th<br />
|[[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|15th<br />
|V. E. Abdul Gafoor<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalamassery}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian Union Muslim League <br />
|candidate = V. E. Abdul Gafoor<br />
|votes = 80,606<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = CPI(M) <br />
|candidate = [[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]<br />
|votes = 64,294<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena <br />
|candidate = M. P. Binu<br />
|votes = 14,130<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party <br />
|candidate = Shamsu T. K.<br />
|votes = 553<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = 16312<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
There were 2,01,707 registered voters in Kalamassery Assembly constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021<br />
|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India<br />
}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kalamassery]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]|votes=77,141|percentage=49.49%|change={{increase}}11.94}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=V. E. Abdul Gafoor|votes=61,805|percentage=39.65%|change={{decrease}}4.72}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=P. S. Jayaraj|votes=11,179|percentage=7.17%|change={{decrease}}8.48}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=V. M. Faizal|votes=2,385|percentage=1.53%|change={{increase}}0.43}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,518|percentage=0.97%|change=-}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P. S. Unnikrishnan|votes=857|percentage=0.55%|change=-}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. M. K. Bava|votes=526|percentage=0.34%|change=-}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Nayana Unnikrishnan|votes=452|percentage=0.29%|change=-}} {{Election box margin of victory| |votes = 15,336 |percentage = 9.84% |change ={{increase}}3.02 }} {{Election box turnout||votes=1,55,863|percentage=77.27%|change={{increase}}4.02}} {{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Indian Union Muslim League |swing = {{increase}}11.94}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
There were 1,90,530 registered voters in Kalamassery Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016<br />
|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India<br />
}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kalamassery]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]]|votes=68,726|percentage=44.37%|change={{decrease}}3.37}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=A. M. Yousaf|votes=56,608|percentage=37.55%|change={{decrease}}4.26}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=V. Gopakumar|votes=24,244|percentage=15.65%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Safeer Muhammed|votes=1,706|percentage=1.10%|change={{decrease}}0.50}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Welfare Party of India|candidate=Prema G. Pisharady|votes=1,391|percentage=0.90%|change=-}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,081|percentage=0.70%|change=-}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=V. M. Aliyar|votes=634|percentage=0.41%|change=-}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Unnikrishnan N. A.|votes=182|percentage=0.12|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Yussuf Kodoppilly|votes=155|percentage=0.10|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. K .Yousli Pathalakkodath|votes=155|percentage=0.10|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = 12,118<br />
|percentage = 6.82%<br />
|change ={{increase}}0.90<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,54,882|percentage=81.29%|change={{increase}}1.54}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian Union Muslim League<br />
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|swing ={{decrease}}3.37<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011 ===<br />
There were 1,65,107 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kalamassery]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]]|votes=62,843|percentage=47.73%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K. Chandran Pillai|votes=55,054|percentage=41.81%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. Krishnadas|votes=8,438|percentage=6.41%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=P. A. Muhammed Aslam|votes=2,104|percentage=1.60%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=T. A. Mujeeb Rahman|votes=1,236|percentage=0.94%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Chandrasekhara Pillai|votes=657|percentage=0.50%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gireesh Babu G.|votes=508|percentage=0.30%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Shibu Thattampadi|votes=505|percentage=0.38%|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=D. Sundara Moorthy|votes=186|percentage=0.14%|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. P. Mohanan|votes=145|percentage=0.11%|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = 7,789<br />
|percentage = 5.92%<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,31,676|percentage=79.75%|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box new seat win|winner=Indian Union Muslim League}}{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kalamassery]]<br />
* [[Ernakulam district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Ernakulam district]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hajipur_Municipal_Council&diff=501851Hajipur Municipal Council2026-05-01T12:50:49Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Unreferenced|date=May 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Hajipur Municipal Council<br />
| legislature = <br />
| coa_pic =<br />
| coa_res = <br />
| coa_alt = <br />
| house_type = [[Local Authority]]<br />
| body = Hajipur<br />
| houses = <br />
| leader1_type = Mayor<br />
| leader1 = Sangeeta Kumari <br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = Founded<br />
| leader2 = 1869<br />
| party2 = <br />
| leader3_type = Admin HQ <br />
| leader3 = Ram Balak Chowk, [[Hajipur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]<br />
| election2 = <br />
| members = <br />
| structure1 = <br />
| structure1_res = <br />
| structure1_alt = <br />
| structure2 = <br />
| structure2_res = <br />
| structure2_alt = <br />
| political_groups1 =<br />
| political_groups2 = <br />
| committees1 = <br />
| committees2 = <br />
| joint_committees = <br />
| voting_system1 = <br />
| voting_system2 = <br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| previous_election1 =<br />
| previous_election2 =<br />
| session_room = <br />
| session_res = <br />
| session_alt = <br />
| meeting_place = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hajipur Municipal Council''' is the municipal organisation of [[Hajipur]], India. Hajipur Municipal Council is the chief nodal agency for the administration of [[Hajipur]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Hajipur Municipal Council is oldest organisation in Hajipur city to overlook municipal work. Founded in 1869 as per District Gazette of Muzaffarpur.<br />
<br />
==Current structure== <br />
It covers the entire Hajipur city in 45 wards. Currently the chairman ([[mayor]]) is Sangeeta Kumari the deputy chairman is Kanchan Kumari, the executive officer is Pankaj Kumar, .<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hajipur]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anita_Agnihotri&diff=486664Anita Agnihotri2026-04-29T04:36:57Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added some post added tags - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Bengali writer and poet (born 1956)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Anita Agnihotri <br />অনিতা অগ্নিহোত্রী <br />
| image = The Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Ms. Anita Agnihotri and the MD-NSKFDC (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|24 September 1956|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], West Bengal, India<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| occupation = Author, retired civil servant<br />
| spouse = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.anitaagnihotri.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Anita Agnihotri''' ({{langx|bn|অনিতা অগ্নিহোত্রী}}; born 24 September 1956) is an [[Indian Bengali]] writer and poet. Her works have been translated into several major Indian and foreign languages, including English, Swedish and German.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book and Borrow |url=https://www.bookandborrow.com/AuthorDetails.asp?autID=2413 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=www.bookandborrow.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Anita Agnihotri (née Chatterjee) was born and spent her childhood in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Apeejay Kolkata Literary Festival 2023 {{!}} Literature Festival India – Delegates {{!}} AKLF |url=https://www.aklf.in/delegates-2023.htm#ANITAAGNIHOTRI |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=www.aklf.in}}</ref> She earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in economics at [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College in Kolkata]], and graduated with a [[Master of Economics|master's in economics]] from [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
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She was selected for the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) in 1980 to the Odisha cadre. She went on to have a 37-year career in the civil service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Second |title=About Me |url=https://www.anitaagnihotri.com/about-anita-agnihotri.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Anita Agnihotri |language=en-GB}}</ref> As an IAS, she was Collector of Sundargarh district of Odisha and was Principal Secretary in Departments of Textiles and Industries. In 1991, she took a sabbatical from IAS and completed master's in development economics from the [[University of East Anglia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Format of Bio data |url=https://www.dpe.gov.in/sites/default/files/1-anitaagnihotri22112016.pdf |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref><br />
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At the centre, she was a Joint Director General in [[Directorate General of Foreign Trade]] (DGFT) between 1996 and 2001, and then Development Commissioner of [[SEEPZ]], Mumbai in 2008–2011 at the rank of Joint Secretary. She was also the member secretary of the [[National Commission for Women]]. She retired in 2016 as Secretary, [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]], [[Government of India]].<br />
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==Writing==<br />
Anita commenced writing at an early age. The writer [[Bimal Kar]] encouraged her to pursue a literary career. As a school student, she used to write for renowned filmmaker [[Satyajit Ray]]'s children's magazine [[Sandesh (magazine)|Sandesh]], something that gave her confidence and also shaped her literary sensibilities. Her writing has been compared with that of noted Bengali writer [[Mahasweta Devi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/brave-in-babudom/article28152369.ece|title=Brave in babudom|work=The Hindu |date=22 February 2005|accessdate=17 November 2024|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><br />
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[[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Ms. Anita Agnihotri and the MD-NSKFDC.jpg|thumb|300px| The Secretary, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Ms. Anita Agnihotri and the MD-NSKFDC]]<br />
In 1991, on a sabbatical from the IAS to pursue a course on rural development in UK's Anglia Ruskin University, she wrote the novella 'Mahuldiha Days capturing the incidents that she had encountered as an administrator in Odisha's Mahuldiha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=BoI |title=Know Your Babu: New Hupa secretary Anita Agnihotri is a noted Bengali writer, poet |url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2014/03/know-your-babu-new-hupa-secretary-anita.html |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><br />
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In 2015, Anita's book Mahanadi was published. The eponymous book is written with the river [[Mahanadi]] in the first person. It tells the story of a river that flows through some of the least developed (and poorest) regions of Chhattisgarh and Odisha, and the profound influence of the river on the regions society, culture and economics.{{Citation needed|date= May 2022}}<br />
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In 2021, Niyogi Books published the English translation of [[Mahanadi]] under the imprint Thornbird.{{Citation needed|date= May 2022}}<br />
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==Awards and recognition==<br />
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= May 2022}}<br />
* Tapasi basu Smriti Puraskar 1429, awarded by [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishat]] (2022)<br />
* Khonj Sahitya Puraskar 2022, awarded by Khonj Sahitya Patrika, West Bengal, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=খোঁজ সাহিত্য পত্রিকা |url=https://www.facebook.com/people/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE/100001686228268/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
* [[Pratibha Basu]] Smriti Puraskar (2016, awarded by Damayanti Basu Singh)<br />
* Sailajananda Smarak Sahitya Samman 2014, awarded by Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi<br />
* Economist-Crossword Award, 2011 in the category 'Indian Language Fiction Translation' for Anita's collection of stories Seventeen, translated from Bengali by Arunava Sinha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crossword Book Awards {{!}} Indian literary awards {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Crossword-Book-Awards |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
* [[Gajendrakumar Mitra|Gajendra Kumar Mitra]] Smriti Puraskar (2010, awarded by Mitra and Ghosh Publishers)<br />
* Bhuban Mohini Dasi Gold Medal by the [[University of Calcutta]] for contribution to Bengali literature, awarded in 2010<br />
* Galpamela Puraskar 2007, awarded by Galpamela, Chandannagore<br />
* Sarat Puraskar 2004, awarded by [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay|Sarat]] Shatabarshiki Samiti, Bhagalpur<br />
* Indu Basu Smriti Puraskar (1998)<br />
* Sahitya Setu Puraskar, awarded by Sahitya Setu group, Bansberia<br />
* Bangla Academy [[Somen Chanda]] Puraskar, awarded by [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]] (Anita returned this award in protest of the [[Nandigram violence|killing of innocent people in Nandigram]])<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
===Poetry collections===<br />
<br />
* Chandan Gaachh (1987)<br />
* Brishti Asbe (1992)<br />
* Snajowa Bahini Jay (1995)<br />
* Nirbachita Kabita (1996)<br />
* Braille (2002)<br />
* Kritanjali Megh (2008)<br />
* Kabita Samagra (2009)<br />
* MalimHarbour (2015)<br />
* Ayna Matrisama (2016)<br />
* Shreshtha Kabita (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shrestha Kavita, Anita Agnihotri, bestseller, poem, collection of Bengali poems {{!}} Deyspublishing|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=3416|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420114149/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=3416|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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===Novels===<br />
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* Mahuldihar Din (1996)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananda Publishers|url=https://www.anandapub.in/book-detail/2101|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.anandapub.in}}</ref><br />
* Jara Bhalobesechhilo (1998, new Sopan edition 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jara Bhalobesechhilo – Sopan|url=https://sopanbooks.in/catalogue/jara-bhalobesechhilo/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Akalbodhan (2003)<br />
* Alik Jiban (2006)<br />
* Sukhabasi (2009)<br />
* Aynay Manush Nai (2013)<br />
* Mahanadi (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahanadi, Anita Agnihotri, bestseller, novel, Bengali novel {{!}} Deyspublishing|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=2815|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420115651/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=2815|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Upanyas Samagra (2018)<br />
* Kaste (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaste, Anita Agnihotri, bestseller, novel, Bengali novel {{!}} Deyspublishing|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=3034|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420114149/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=3034|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Mahakantar (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahakantar, Anita Agnihotri, Bestseller, Novel, Bengali Novel {{!}} Deyspublishing|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=5051|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525101317/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=5051|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Labanakta (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first=|title=Labanakta Anita Agnihotri |url=https://www.deyspublishing.com/product/labanakta-e9nmm |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.deyspublishing.com |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618043345/http://www.deyspublishing.com/product/labanakta-e9nmm |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* Aynay Manush Nai (2023)<ref>https://www.deyspublishing.com/product/aynay-manus-nai-qm5lb</ref><br />
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===Collections of short stories===<br />
<br />
* Chandan Rekha (1993)<br />
* Pratikshan Galpa Sankalan (1997)<br />
* Tarani (2000)<br />
* Atal Sparsha (2006)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananda Publishers|url=https://www.anandapub.in/book-detail/2893|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.anandapub.in}}</ref><br />
* Shrestha Galpa (2003, enlarged 2018)<br />
* Panchashti Galpa (2012)<br />
* Dashti Galpa (2009)<br />
* Bhalobasar Galpa (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhalobasar Galpo – Sopan|url=https://sopanbooks.in/catalogue/anita-agnihotri-bhalobasar-galpo/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Sera Panchashti Galpa (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|title=SERA PANCHASTI GALPA, ANITA AGNIHOTRI, SHORT STORIES, BESTSELLER, COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=2817|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420114152/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=2817|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Panchashti Galpa (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananda Publishers|url=https://www.anandapub.in/book-detail/3353|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.anandapub.in}}</ref><br />
* Palasher Ayu (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palasher Ayu |url=https://www.patrabharati.com/shop/palasher-ayu/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Patra Bharati {{!}} Prestigious Bengali Books |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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===Children's and juvenile literature===<br />
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* Akim O Porikonye (1993)<br />
* Akim O Dwiper Manush, Akim Niruddesh, Ratan Master er Pathshala, Bandi Rajkumar (2004)<br />
* Joyramer Sinduk (2006)<br />
* Ebu Gogo (2009)<br />
* Chhotoder Galpa Samagra (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chhotoder Golpomela – Sopan|url=https://sopanbooks.in/catalogue/chhotoder-golpomela/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Chhotoder Galpamela (2020)<br />
* Gachhera Gelo Berate (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=704576641339363&set=pb.100053610998216.-2207520000.&type=3|title=Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|accessdate=17 November 2024}}</ref><br />
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===Essay collections / non-fictions===<br />
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* Kolkatar Pratima Shilpira (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananda Publishers|url=https://www.anandapub.in/book-detail/2540|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.anandapub.in}}</ref><br />
* Unnayan O Prantik Manush (2007)<br />
* Desher Bhitor Desh (2013)<br />
* Ei Andhare Ke Jage (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ei Andhare ke jage- Anita Agnihotri – Karigar Publishers|url=http://www.karigarpublishers.com/product/ei-andhare-ke-jage-anita-agnihotri/|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref><br />
* Rod Bataser Path (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rod Bataser Path, Anita Agnihotri, Bestseller, Autobiography, Bengali Autobiography {{!}} Deyspublishing|url=http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=5017|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.deyspublishing.com|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525101315/http://www.deyspublishing.com/index.php?route=product/product&manufacturer_id=63&product_id=5017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Amar Pratibader Bhasha (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amar Protibader Bhasha [Anita Agnihotri] |url=https://boighar.in/product/amar-protibader-bhasha-anita-agnihotri/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Boighar Dot In |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Likhte Likhte Athoi Door (2023)<ref>https://www.deyspublishing.com/product/likhte-likhte-athoi-door-wibaw</ref><br />
* ''Involuntary Displacement in Dam Projects'' edited by A.B. Ota & Anita Agnihotri; foreword by Michael Cernea. Prachi Prakashan, 1996. {{ISBN|8185824037}}<br />
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===Translated books===<br />
<br />
* Those who had known love (2000)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agnihotrī |first1=Anitā. |title=Those who had known love = Jara Bhalobesecchilo |date=2000 |publisher=Srishti Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788187075561}}</ref><br />
* Forest Interludes (2001/ Kali for Women)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forest Interludes: A Collection of Journals & Fiction – Zubaan|url=https://zubaanbooks.com/shop/forest-interludes-a-collection-of-short-stories/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Dagar I Mahuldiha (Swedish) (2006 / Bokförlaget Tranan)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dagar i Mahuldiha: berättelser och reportage från östra Indien|url=https://tranan.nu/bocker/dagar-i-mahuldiha-berattelser-och-reportage-fran-ostra-indien/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Bokförlaget Tranan – Köp böcker direkt från våra förlagshyllor|language=sv-SE}}</ref><br />
* The Awakening (2009/ Zubaan)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Awakening – Zubaan|url=https://zubaanbooks.com/shop/the-awakening/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Sabotage (2013)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agnihotrī |first1=Anitā |title=Sabotage |date=2013 |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788187358732}}</ref><br />
* Seventeen (2015/ Zubaan)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seventeen – Zubaan|url=https://zubaanbooks.com/shop/seventeen/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Mahuldiha Days (2018/Zubaan)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Mahuldiha Days – Zubaan|url=https://zubaanbooks.com/shop/mahuldiha-days/|access-date=2021-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* A Day in the life of Mangal Taram ( 2020)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Review: A Day in the Life of Mangal Taram|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/creatures-of-blood-and-bone-review-of-anita-agnihotris-a-day-in-the-life-of-mangal-taram/article31363427.ece|access-date=2021-12-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2020 |last1=k. b |first1=Pragati }}</ref><br />
* The Sickle (2021)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Book excerpt: In The Sickle, Anita Agnihotri foregrounds the lives of Marathwada farmers and migrant workers|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/book-excerpt-in-the-sickle-anita-agnihotri-foregrounds-the-lives-of-marathwada-farmers-and-migrant-workers-9341131.html|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><br />
* Mahanadi (2021/ Niyogi Books)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Anita Agnihotri's next to be based on Mahanadi|date=10 February 2021 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/books-education/author-anita-agnihotris-next-based-mahanadi-1502951402.html|access-date=2021-12-08|publisher=The Statesman|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
*Mahanadi (2023/ Setu Prakashan) (Hindi, translated by Lipika Saha)<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.anitaagnihotri.com/ Official website]<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Agnihotri, Anita}}<br />
[[Category:1956 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali women poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women children's writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of East Anglia]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian civil servants]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women civil servants]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women novelists]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rukmini_Bhaya_Nair&diff=531056Rukmini Bhaya Nair2026-04-22T10:04:59Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian writer}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
|name = Rukmini Bhaya Nair<br />
|image = <br />
|image_size = 250px<br />
|caption = <br />
|birth_date = <br />
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|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|fields = Linguistics<br />Cognition<br />Literary Theory<br />
|workplaces = [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]] (present)<br />[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]<br />[[National University of Singapore]]<br /> [[University of Washington at Seattle]]<br />
|alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]]<br />
|academic_advisors = <br />
|doctoral_students = <br />
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|known_for = <br />
|author_abbrev_bot = <br />
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|influences = <br />
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|website = {{URL|https://sites.google.com/site/rukminibhayanairshomepage/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rukmini Bhaya Nair''' is a [[linguist]], poet, writer and critic of India. She won the First Prize for her poem ''kali'' in the "All India Poetry Competition" in 1990 organised by [[The Poetry Society (India)]] in collaboration with [[British Council]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Second National Poetry Competition – ''Prize winning poems'' |url=http://indianpoetry.org/compititions2.htm}}</ref> She is currently a professor at Humanities and Social Sciences department of the [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]] (IIT Delhi).<ref>{{cite web|title=Faculty - r-b-nair {{!}} Humanities & Social Sciences|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/r-b-nair|access-date=2020-09-15|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> Nair is known for being a critic of the [[Hindutva]] ideology and religious and [[Caste system in India|caste discrimination]] in India.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Rukmini Bhaya Nair is Professor of Linguistics and English at Humanities and Social Sciences department of IIT, Delhi. She received her Ph.D. from the [[University of Cambridge]] in 1982 and is internationally recognised for her work in the areas of linguistics, cognition and literary theory. In 2006, Nair received a second honoris causa doctoral degree from the [[University of Antwerp]], Belgium.<br />
<br />
Nair was Visiting Professor at the Department of English, [[Stanford University]], in 2005–2006 and has also taught at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], the [[National University of Singapore]] and the [[University of Washington at Seattle]]. She has delivered plenary addresses and invited lectures at the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study|Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla]] and at many foreign universities. These include Aarhus, Berkeley, Birmingham, Brussels, Cape Town, Colombo, Copenhagen, East Anglia, Emory, Hangzhou, Kuala Lumpur, Linkoping, Los Angeles, Portsmouth, the Max Planck Institute, Nijmegen, the Federal & Catholic Univs. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Saarbrücken, Sorbonne, SOAS, London, Toronto, Trieste and Xinxiang,<br />
<br />
Academic books by Nair include ''Technobrat: Culture in a Cybernetic Classroom'' (HarperCollins, 1997); ''Narrative Gravity: Conversation, Cognition, Culture'' (Oxford University Press and Routledge, London and New York, 2003); ''Lying on the Postcolonial Couch: the Idea of Indifference'' (Minnesota University Press and Oxford University Press, India, 2002); as well as an edited volume, ''Translation, Text and Theory: the Paradigm of India'' (Sage, 2002).<br />
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Nair serves on the editorial boards of the ''International Journal of Literary Semantics'' (De Gruyter: Berlin & New York), ''The Journal of Multicultural Discourses'' (Multilingual Matters: London and Beijing); ''The Journal of Pragmatics'' (Elseiver: Amsterdam); ''Psychology & Social Practice'' (an e-journal) and ''The Macmillan Essential Dictionary''. As the editor of ''Biblio'', India's leading literary and cultural journal, she is also part of the Australian ABC Radio's panel of experts for its well-known program 'The Book Show'. In addition, she contributes to all major national dailies and magazines and is a frequent panellist on [[Mark Tully]]'s BBC broadcast 'Something Understood'.<br />
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From the time she won, as a student, an Essay Prize in a competition organised by ''La Stampa'', ''Le Monde'', ''Die Welt'' and ''The Times'' in conjunction with the 'First International Exhibition on Man & his Environment', Turin, Italy, she has also been the recipient of several awards (The J.N. Tata Scholarship, the Hornby and Charles Wallace Awards, the Dorothy Leet Grant etc.). Her latest award was a CRASSH fellowship (Centre for Research in the Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences) on the theme 'Conversation' as a Fellow of Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge in 2006. Nair, who has been called 'the first significant post-modern poet in Indian English' has published three books of poetry: ''The Hyoid Bone'', ''The Ayodhya Cantos'' and ''Yellow Hibiscus'' (Penguin, 1992, 1999, 2004). In 1990, Nair received the first prize in the All India Poetry Society/ British Council competition. Her work has since appeared in ''Penguin New Writing in India'' (1992), in the anthology ''Mosaic'', featuring award-winning writers from the U.K and India (1999), in ''Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Indian Poets'' (2002) and special issues of ''Poetry International'' (2004) and ''Fulcrum'' (2006). It has been translated into German, Swedish and [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]. The year 2000 saw Nair selected as a 'Face of the Millennium' in a national survey of writers by [[India Today]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Literature: Special Series; Faces of the Millennium | url = http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19991213/special.html | access-date = 30 July 2008 | archive-date = 11 August 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100811072634/http://india-today.com/itoday/19991213/special.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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Nair's writings, both creative and critical, are taught on courses at universities such as Chicago, Toronto Kent, Oxford and Washington, and she contends that she writes poetry for the same reason that she does research in [[cognitive linguistics]] – to discover the limits of language. Her great ambition is simply to continue to write and research.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/content/prof-rukmini-bhaya-nair |title=Prof. Rukmini Bhaya Nair &#124; Humanities and Social Sciences |access-date=5 September 2013 |archive-date=15 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715083715/http://hss.iitd.ac.in/content/prof-rukmini-bhaya-nair |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = IIT Delhi Portal – Rukmini Bhaya Nair |url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/content/prof-rukmini-bhaya-nair}}</ref><br />
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Her awards and fellowships include J.N. Tata Scholarship, the Hornby Foundation Award and the Dorothy Lee Grant besides winning Poetry prizes of Poetry Society ( India ) etc.<br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
*''Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century''. (Co-Editor). [https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/keywords-for-india-9781350039278/ Bloomsbury Academic]. 2020. {{ISBN|9781350039278}}<br />
*''Mad Girl's Love Song.'' (A novel). New Delhi: HarperCollins, India 2013. {{ISBN|9789350296479}}<br />
*''Poetry in a Time of Terror: Essays in the Postcolonial Preternatural.'' Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York 2009.<br />
*''Yellow Hibiscus''. (New & Selected Poems). New Delhi: Penguin Books, India 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-14302-883-3}}<br />
*''Narrative Gravity: Conversation, Cognition, Culture.''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, London 2003. {{ISBN|0-415-30735-X}}<br />
*''Lying on the Postcolonial Couch: the Idea of Indifference.'' University of Minnesota Press, USA; and Oxford University Press, India; 2002. <br />
*''Translation, Text and Theory: the Paradigm of India.'' Edited: Sage, New Delhi, India; Thousand Oaks, USA; and London, UK; 2002. <br />
*''The Ayodhya Cantos''. (Poetry in English). New Delhi: Penguin Books, India 1999. {{ISBN|978-0-67088-840-5}}<br />
*''Technobrat: Culture in a Cybernetic Classroom.'' New Delhi: HarperCollins, India 1997. {{ISBN|978-817223-273-3}}<br />
*''The Hyoid Bone''. (Poetry in English). New Delhi: Penguin Books, India 1992. {{ISBN|978-0-670-84029-8}}<br />
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=== Essays ===<br />
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* [http://www.india-seminar.com/2005/545/545%20rukmini%20bhaya%20nair1.htm "Are We What We Eat?"]<br />
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===Online references===<br />
*[https://sites.google.com/site/rukminibhayanairshomepage/ Rukmini Bhaya Nair’s Web Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328071832/https://sites.google.com/site/rukminibhayanairshomepage/ |date=28 March 2019 }}<br />
*[http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/professor Rukmini Bhaya Nair's IITD Web Page ]<br />
*[http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=2736 About Rukmini Bhaya Nair and her poetry ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070154/http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=2736 |date=28 March 2019 }}<br />
*[http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=2708&x=1 A Review of Rukmini Bhaya Nair’s Yellow Hibiscus by Anjum Hasan ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070000/http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=2708&x=1 |date=28 March 2019 }}<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{portal|Poetry}}<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121026071404/http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poet/item/2736/27/Rukmini-Bhaya-Nair Rukmini Bhaya Nair – A Biography]}}<br />
* [http://hss.iitd.ac.in/content/prof-rukmini-bhaya-nair Rukmini Bhaya Nair{{!}} Professional Profile]<br />
* [[Indian English Literature]]<br />
* [[Indian Writing in English]]<br />
* [[Indian poetry]]<br />
* [[The Poetry Society (India)]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Rukmini Bhaya}}<br />
[[Category:English-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:All India Poetry Prize]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munivasakasamy_Temple,_Neithavasal&diff=519099Munivasakasamy Temple, Neithavasal2026-04-19T08:24:13Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up Initial Place W/ Infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
<br />
'''Munivasakasamy Temple, Neithavasal'''<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta: நெய்தவாசல் முனிவாசக சுவாமி கோயில்''']]</ref> is a [[Shiva|Siva]] temple in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] (India). It is at distance of 3&nbsp;km from Tiruvenkadu <ref name="bmj">பு.மா.ஜெயசெந்தில்நாதன், தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், வர்த்தமானன் பதிப்பகம், சென்னை, 2009</ref> Neithalvayil is called by local people as Neithavasal now.<ref name=shaivam>[https://shaivam.org/hindu-hub/temples/place/425/neithalvaayil-munivasagaperuman-temple மூவர் தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், நெய்தல்வாயில் - நெய்தவாசல் Neidhalvayil - Neidhavasal, 6-71-7]</ref><ref name=neithalvayil>[http://www.shivatemples.com/vt/vt_kovil3/vt102.php தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், நெய்தல்வாயில்.]</ref><br />
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==Vaippu Sthalam==<br />
The Vaippu Sthalam also Called Tevara Vaippu Sthalam are places in South India that were mentioned casually in the songs in Tevaram, hymns composed in praise of Lord Shiva during 7th-8th century.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} It is one of the shrines of the [[Vaippu Sthalam]]s sung by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Appar]].<ref name=neithalvayil/> This place might have been the Neithalankanal very Kaverippumpattinam. Later it might have got the name of Neithalvasal.<ref name=shaivam/><br />
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==List of Vaippu Sthalam==<br />
The list of the Vaippu Sthalam is found in each verse of Tevaram that may be part of verses glorifying other temples.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}<br />
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==Presiding deity==<br />
The presiding deity in the [[garbhagriha]], represented by the ''[[lingam]]'', is Munivasakasamy.<ref name=neithalvayil/> He is also known Kailasanathar. His consort is known as Mathurabashini.<ref name="bmj"/><br />
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==Shrines==<br />
In the [[Prakaram]] shrines of [[Ganesha|Vinayaka]], [[Kartikeya|Subramania]], [[Bhairava|Bairava]] and Sanisvara are found.<ref name="bmj"/><br />
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==Accessibility==<br />
From Tiruvenkadu the corner of the place where the temple car was kept can be seen. From there one should go through left. From there at a distance of 3&nbsp;km this place can be reached.<ref name=neithalvayil/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Vaippu sthalam}}<br />
{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br />
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[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhurandhar_(soundtrack)&diff=496969Dhurandhar (soundtrack)2026-04-19T03:34:11Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 soundtrack album by Shashwat Sachdev}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Dhurandhar<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]<br />
| cover = Dhurandhar (soundtrack album cover).jpg<br />
| caption = Soundtrack album cover<br />
| border = yes<br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 1 December 2025 (standard)<br/>10 December 2025 (extended)<br />
| recorded = 2024–2025<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 21:56 (standard)<br/>38:54 (extended)<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
| label = [[Saregama]]<br />
| producer = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Kesari Chapter 2]]<br />
| prev_year = 2025<br />
| next_title = [[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]<br />
| next_year = 2026<br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|I6ps_05Wsf0&pp|Dhurandhar — Full Album}}<br />
| audio2 = {{YouTube|7kJ6kQznl20&pp|Dhurandhar – Extended Album}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Singles<br />
| name = Dhurandhar<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| single1 = [[Na Dil De Pardesi Nu|Dhurandhar (Title Track)]]<br />
| single1date = 15 October 2025<br />
| single2 = Ishq Jalakar (Karvaan)<br />
| single2date = 25 November 2025<br />
| single3 = Gehra Hua<br />
| single3date = 27 November 2025<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''''Dhurandhar''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] to the 2025 film [[Dhurandhar|of the same name]] written and directed by [[Aditya Dhar]] and produced by Aditya Dhar, Lokesh Dhar and [[Jyoti Deshpande]] under Jio Studios and B62 Studios. The film stars [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Rakesh Bedi]] and [[Sara Arjun]]. The soundtrack consisted of six songs, three of them being previously released as singles, composed by [[Shashwat Sachdev]], with lyrics written by [[Irshad Kamil]]. The soundtrack was released through [[Saregama]] on 1 December 2025, coinciding with the film's audio launch event held in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taarana |first=Manasvi |title='Dhurandhar' Album Launch: Ranveer Singh, a Sea of Fans, and Performances That Took Over the Event |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/dhurandhar-album-launch-ranveer-singh-a-sea-of-fans-and-performances-that-took-over-the-evening |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en}}</ref> The extended album with five additional songs was released on 10 December 2025.<br />
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The soundtrack emerged as the first Bollywood film soundtrack to have every track chart simultaneously within the Spotify Global Top 200.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Jigar |date=2025-12-19 |title=Inside Dhurandhar's soundtrack: Shashwat Sachdev breaks it down |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/inside-dhurandhars-soundtrack-shashwat-sachdev-breaks-it-down/articleshow/126054635.cms |access-date=2026-01-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar Creates History As First Bollywood Film With Entire Soundtrack Charting On Spotify Global Top 200 |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/bollywood/dhurandhar-creates-history-as-first-bollywood-film-with-entire-soundtrack-charting-on-spotify-global-top-200-ws-kl-9778529.html |website=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Development ==<br />
<br />
In July 2025, it was announced that [[Shashwat Sachdev]] would compose the soundtrack and film score, marking his second collaboration with [[Aditya Dhar]] following ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 October 2025 |title=Next Big Thing {{!}} 'The Ba***ds of Bollywood' and 'Dhurandhar' Composer Shashwat Sachdev Talks About His Musical Vision |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/the-bads-of-bollywood-and-dhurandhar-composer-shashwat-sachdev-talks-about-his-musical-vision |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=14 July 2025 |title=Shashwat Sachdev on 'Dhurandhar', Hip-Hop Experiments, and Collaborating with Hanumankind |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/dhurandhar-song-hanumankind-shashwat-sachdev-jasmine-sandlas/ |work=[[Rolling Stone India]]}}</ref> The music rights were acquired by [[Saregama]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Dhurandhar - Title Track - Dhurandhar - 15 October 2025 Download {{!}} Dhurandhar - Title Track - Dhurandhar - 15 October 2025 Movie Songs Download|url=https://www.saregama.com/album/dhurandhar-title-track-dhurandhar_178643|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
The soundtrack notably features several [[Hindi film music|retro classic Hindi]] songs [[Remix|remixed]] and [[Sampling (music)|sampled]] with a modern touch.<ref name=SOUNDTRACK>{{cite web |access-date=11 December 2025 |title=Inside the Making of 'Dhurandhar's Explosive Soundtrack |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/dhurandhar-soundtrack-shashwat-sachdev-fa9la/ |work=[[Rolling Stone India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The title track was released on 15 October 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Dhurandhar' title song 'Jogi' OUT: Hanumankind's rap uplift Ranveer Singh's rebel image |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhurandhar-title-song-jogi-out-hanumankinds-rap-uplift-ranveer-singhs-rebel-image/articleshow/124601322.cms |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=}}</ref> Featuring vocals by [[Hanumankind]] and [[Jasmine Sandlas]], it samples the 1995 [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] song "[[Na Dil De Pardesi Nu]]" by [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Muhammad Sadiq]] and [[Ranjit Kaur]] as well as the 2003 remixed version "[[Jogi (Panjabi MC song)|Jogi]]" by [[Panjabi MC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Not Just Politics: This former Punjab MP wrote Dhurandhar's chartbuster 'Na De Dil Pardesi Nu' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/muhammad-sadiq-former-congress-mp-wrote-ranveer-singh-starrer-dhurandhar-s-chartbuster-na-de-dil-pardesi-nu-2025-07-07-997821 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724174225/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/muhammad-sadiq-former-congress-mp-wrote-ranveer-singh-starrer-dhurandhar-s-chartbuster-na-de-dil-pardesi-nu-2025-07-07-997821 |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025 |work=India TV News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2025 |title=Meet singer and former MP Muhammad Sadiq, whose song from the '80s is powering Ranveer Singh's Dhurandhar|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/singer-former-mp-muhammad-sadiq-song-80s-ranveer-singh-dhurandhar-10128748/|access-date=11 August 2025 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> The second single titled "Ishq Jalakar – Karvaan" was released on 25 November 2025, ahead of its schedule due to high public demand owing to the song being featured in the film's trailer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhurandhar: Massive public demand pushes early release of 'Ishq Jalakar – Karvaan' |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/dhurandhar-massive-public-demand-pushes-early-release-ishq-jalakar-karvaan/ |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Gaurang |date=2025-11-20 |title=All About The 1960 Bollywood Classic Qawwali That Plays At The End Of Dhurandhar Trailer |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/180691-dhurandhar-trailer-qawwali-song-na-to-karavan-ki-talash-hai-ranveer-singh.html |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=[[MensXP]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> The song is a remake of the [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]] [[qawwali]] (with intermittent Punjabi lines) “Na To Caravan Ki Talash Hai” from ''[[Barsaat Ki Raat]]'' (1960), sung by [[Manna Dey]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Sudha Malhotra]], [[Shiv Dayal Batish|S. D. Batish]], and [[Mohammed Rafi]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 November 2025 |title=Dhurandhar song Ishq Jalakar: Ranveer Singh film returns with 65-year-old song. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-song-ishq-jalakar-ranveer-singh-film-returns-with-65-year-old-song-watch-10385225 |publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=How This 70-year-old Qawwali Became Dhurandhar’s Viral Track |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/how-this-70-year-old-qawwali-became-dhurandhars-viral-track-aa-9790015.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251229163107/https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/how-this-70-year-old-qawwali-became-dhurandhars-viral-track-aa-9790015.html |archive-date=2025-12-29 |access-date=2026-04-04 |work=News18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=Bollywood Retrospect: Top 10 songs from Roshan’s best film albums |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bollywood-retrospect-top-10-songs-from-roshan-s-best-film-albums-2103545 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Another song "Yeh Hai Ishq Ishq" from the same film ''Barsaat Ki Raat'' was also remixed as "Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq" and featured vocals by [[Reble]] and [[Sonu Nigam]]. The trailer and film version of "Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq" also featured vocals from the rapper [[Tsumyoki]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha |first=Chirrag |date=December 25, 2025 |title=Behind the Beat: Inside Dhurandhar's Viral Soundtrack |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/music/inside-dhurandhars-viral-soundtrack-with-composer-shashwat-sachdev/ |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=www.lifestyleasia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2025 |title=Dhurandhar- Official Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/dhurandhar-official-trailer/videoshow/125688642.cms |access-date=January 19, 2026 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Notably, both “Ishq Jalakar – Karvaan” and “Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq” trace their origins to the famous 1950s [[Sufism in India|Sufi]] qawwali "Na To Butkade Ki Talab Mujhe", which was written by Ameer Bakhsh Sabri and composed and performed by the brothers [[Fateh Ali Khan (Qawwali singer)|Fateh Ali Khan]] and Mubarak Ali Khan.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7jq3imHY2I |title=Na Tu Butkade Ki Talab Mujhe - Ustad Fateh Ali Khan and Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan - Live In Pakistan |date=2017-06-28 |last=MW Studio |access-date=2026-04-04 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-27 |title=How Dhurandhar’s repurposed qawwali with Pakistani origins engages with a shared cultural past, one the film ignores |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/how-durandhars-repurposed-qawwali-with-pakistani-origins-engages-with-a-shared-cultural-past-10440699/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-19 |title=Dhurandhar: 65-year-old song by Hrithik Roshan’s grandfather is Shah Rukh Khan’s favourite; was ‘inspired’ by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s father’s qawwali |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-65-year-old-song-hrithik-roshan-grandfather-shah-rukh-khan-favourite-copied-nusrat-fateh-ali-khan-father-10374237/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> "Na To Butkade Ki Talab Mujhe" was the original qawwali that inspired "Na To Caravan Ki Talash Hai" and “Yeh Hai Ishq Ishq” in ''Barsaat Ki Raat.''<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Rudradeep |date=2017-07-15 |title=Roshan at 100: The ultimate playlist, plus the story of the three lives of a single song |url=https://scroll.in/reel/843876/roshan-at-100-the-ultimate-playlist-plus-the-story-of-the-three-lives-of-a-single-song |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The third single "Gehra Hua", sung by [[Arijit Singh]]; was released in audio format on 27 November 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 November 2025 |title=Gehra Hua from Dhurandhar out now: Arijit Singh steals the spotlight again |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/gehra-hua-from-dhurandhar-out-now-arijit-singh-steals-the-spotlight-again/153216688 |work=Mirchi.in}}</ref> The full video was released a day later on 28 November 2025, featuring vocals by [[Arijit Singh]] and the on-screen romance between Singh and [[Sara Arjun]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 November 2025 |title=Dhurandhar song Gehra Hua out: Arijit Singh adds soul to Ranveer, Sara's romance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhurandhar-song-gehra-hua-out-arijit-singh-adds-soul-to-ranveer-singh-sara-arjun-romance-2827775-2025-11-28 |work=India Today}}</ref> The song "Run Down The City – Monica" is a remake of the song "[[Piya Tu Ab To Aja]]" from ''[[Caravan (1971 film)|Caravan]]'' (1971). The fifth single "Shararat", an [[item number]], featured vocals by [[Madhubanti Bagchi]] and [[Jasmine Sandlas]], with [[Krystle D'Souza]] and [[Ayesha Khan (Indian actress)|Ayesha Khan]] making special appearances in the video.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=1 December 2025 |title=BREAKING: Krystle D'Souza to feature in Dhurandhar dance number 'Shararat'; actress sets the stage on fire with Ranveer Singh at music launch |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-krystle-dsouza-feature-dhurandhar-dance-number-shararat-actress-sets-stage-fire-ranveer-singh-music-launch/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> "Ez-Ez" is a high-energy [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi track]] featuring vocals by [[Diljit Dosanjh]] and Hanumankind.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 December 2025 |title=Team Dhurandhar pulls off a masterstroke: Diljit Dosanjh's 'Ez Ez' launched with live performance at music launch |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/team-dhurandhar-pulls-off-masterstroke-diljit-dosanjhs-ez-ez-launched-live-performance-music-launch/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The audio launch event was held on 1 December 2025 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhurandhar: Makers Invite Fans To Biggest Album Launch Of The Year; Ranveer Singh, Sara Arjun And THESE Celebs To Attend|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/dhurandhar-makers-invite-fans-to-biggest-album-launch-of-the-year-ranveer-singh-sara-arjun-and-these-celebs-to-attend-article-153223540|website=[[Times Now]]|date=29 November 2025|access-date=29 November 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar album launch: Ranveer Singh, Hanumankind, Jasmine Sandlas, Shashwat Sachdev set the stage on fire |url=https://www.wionews.com/photos/dhurandhar-album-launch-ranveer-singh-hanumankind-jasmine-sandlas-shashwat-sachdev-set-the-stage-on-fire-1764657767877 |work=[[WION]]}}</ref> The full album was also released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhurandhar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5ETEVMcKf5JahMH1ppHDdH|website=[[Spotify]]|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref> The extended album with five additional songs was released on 10 December 2025.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Dhurandhar – Extended Album {{!}} Ranveer Singh, Shashwat Sachdev, Akshaye, Sanjay, R. Madhavan, Arjun |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7kJ6kQznl20&pp=ygUZZGh1cmFuZGhhciBleHRlbmRlZCBhbGJ1bdgGAQ%3D%3D |publisher=[[Saregama]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=10 December 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
The song "Ishq Jalakar – Karvaan" was initially removed from [[YouTube]] as its [[bass guitar]] riff was alleged to share similarities with the 1980 song "[[Another One Bites the Dust]]" by [[British rock music|British rock]] band [[Queen (band)|Queen]]. Later, it was released again with a different bass riff.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 November 2025 |title=Does Dhurandhar's Karvaan resemble British band Queen's Another One Bites the Dust? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/does-dhurandhar-karvaan-song-resemble-british-band-queen-another-one-bites-the-dust-2826933-2025-11-27 |work=India Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Arabic]] song titled "FA9LA" sung by [[Bahrain|Bahraini]] rapper Flipperachi and composed by DJ Outlaw was featured in the film when [[Akshaye Khanna]]'s character visits [[Balochistan, Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 December 2025 |title=Akshaye Khanna's Dhurandar dance on 'FA9LA' leaves netizens in awe: What does FA9LA means and how is Bahrain rapper Flipperachi linked to it? |url=https://economictimes.com/news/new-updates/akshaye-khannas-dhurandar-dance-on-fa9la-leaves-netizens-in-awe-what-does-fa9la-means-and-how-is-bahrain-rapper-flipperachi-linked-to-it/articleshow/125826422.cms |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> The dance sequence was shot in [[Ladakh]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=9 December 2025 |title='Dhurandhar' star Akshaye Khanna 'would carry a small oxygen cylinder with him' while shooting 'FA9LA' entry scene, choreographer Vijay Ganguly reveals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhurandhar-star-akshaye-khanna-would-carry-a-small-oxygen-cylinder-with-him-while-shooting-fa9la-entry-scene-choreographer-vijay-ganguly-reveals/articleshow/125863308.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref> The song "[[Hawa Hawa]]", sung and composed by [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] [[Music of Pakistan|singer]] [[Hasan Jahangir]] (whose tune is itself based on the 1970s [[Persian language|Persian]] [[Music of Iran|song]] "Havar Havar" by [[Kourosh Yaghmaei]])<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |title=Pakistani hit 'Hawa Hawa' is the earworm that doesn't need a remake |website=Scroll.in |date=2 July 2017 |url=https://scroll.in/reel/842316/hawa-hawa-is-the-earworm-that-doesnt-need-a-remake |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref> also featured during the introduction of [[Sanjay Dutt]]'s character.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=5 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar Review: Feral Ranveer Singh, Stellar Akshaye Khanna Drive An Indulgent Spy Thriller Home |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dhurandhar-review-feral-ranveer-singh-stellar-akshaye-khanna-drive-an-indulgent-spy-thriller-home-3-stars-9756586?pfrom=home-ndtv_lateststories |work=NDTV}}</ref> "[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]" sung by [[Asha Bhosle]] and composed by [[R. D. Burman]], also featured in the film. The song "Rambha Ho Ho Ho" from ''[[Armaan (1981 film)|Armaan]]'' (1981) composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]] and sung by [[Usha Uthup]] was remixed in the film and sung by [[Madhubanti Bagchi]] (which in turn, was sampled from "[[Que Sera Mi Vida (If You Should Go)]]" by [[Gibson Brothers]]).<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 December 2025 |title=Old melodies, new mayhem: How Dhurandhar gives killer twist to retro songs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/old-melodies-new-mayhem-how-dhurandhar-gives-killer-twist-to-retro-songs-2832477-2025-12-08 |work=India Today}}</ref> The song "Teri Ni Kararan" was also a cover remix of [[Lal Chand Yamla Jatt]]'s song "Das Main Ki Pyar Wichon Khatiya". The famous 1976 [[ghazal]] titled "[[Chupke Chupke Raat Din]]" from ''[[Nikaah (film)|Nikaah]]'' (1982) by [[Ghulam Ali (singer)|Ghulam Ali]] also featured in the film.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 March 2026 |title=How Dhurandhar Remixes Retro Songs To Push Its Most Important Moments |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/how-dhurandhar-remixes-retro-songs-to-push-its-most-important-moments-9832207 |website=NDTV}}</ref> The glimpse of the film's [[Dhurandhar: The Revenge|sequel]] played at the end credits of the film featured the song "[[Aaahh Men!]]" by [[Doja Cat]] (which was sampled from ''[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'' (1982) theme song by [[Stu Phillips (composer)|Stu Phillips]] and [[Glen A. Larson|Glen Albert Larson]], which in turn was probably further inspired from "Cortège de Bacchus" by [[Léo Delibes]] in his ballets ''[[Coppélia]]'' (1870) and ''[[Sylvia (ballet)|Sylvia]]'' (1876)).<ref name=SOUNDTRACK/><ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar's climax background music has a reference to this 1980s TV show, Badshah calls Aditya Dhar a 'geeky genius' for using it |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-climax-background-music-reference-1980s-tv-show-badshah-aditya-dhar-geeky-genius-10446007/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' praised the overall soundtrack especially the songs "Ishq Jalakar {{En dash}} Karvaan" and "Gehra Hua".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-03 |title=Here's why Dhurandhar is the massiest film of the year with an ensemble cast, action-packed story and impressive music! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/heres-dhurandhar-massiest-film-year-ensemble-cast-action-packed-story-impressive-music/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' observed that while the album relies heavily on nostalgic source material, the modern reinterpretations {{En dash}} like the title track prove to be "effective and entertaining", suggesting the music works well in context even if it borrows from classics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-04 |title=Dhurandhar music review: Ranveer Singh may play edgy undercover agent, this album is a hardworking deskie at best |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/dhurandhar-music-review-ranveer-singh-film-nostalgic-album-relies-heavily-genius-of-other-people-10399861/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' praised the creative reworking of retro melodies, calling the result "fresh, exciting, and tightly woven" into the film's contemporary action drama, resonating with audiences across generations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arya |first=Prachi |date=2025-12-08 |title=Old melodies, new mayhem: How Dhurandhar gives killer twist to retro songs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/old-melodies-new-mayhem-how-dhurandhar-gives-killer-twist-to-retro-songs-2832477-2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[ABP Live]]'' called Shashwat Sachdev's music and Irshad Kamil's lyrics a "powerful combination", with the soundtrack {{En dash}} especially Ranveer Singh's entry qawwali and key background score {{En dash}} elevating the emotional and action sequences in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Amit |date=2025-12-05 |title=Dhurandhar Review: Ranveer Singh's Explosive & Intelligent Thriller Honors India's Unsung Heroes |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-dhurandhar-review-ranveer-singh-delivers-a-fierce-patriotic-high-impact-performance-1815260 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=[[ABP Live]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Track listing ==<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = [[Na Dil De Pardesi Nu|Dhurandhar (Title Track)]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Muhammad Sadiq]], [[Ranjit Kaur]], Hanumankind, Jasmine Sandlas, Sudhir Yaduvanshi, Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Hanumankind]], [[Jasmine Sandlas]], [[Babu Singh Maan]]<br />
| music1 = [[Shashwat Sachdev]], [[Charanjit Ahuja]]<br />
| length1 = 2:36<br />
| title2 = Ishq Jalakar (Karvaan)<br />
| extra2 = [[Shashwat Sachdev]], Shahzad Ali, Subhadeep Das Chowdhury, Armaan Khan<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Irshad Kamil]], [[Sahir Ludhianvi]]<br />
| music2 = Shashwat Sachdev, [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]]<br />
| length2 = 4:10<br />
| title3 = Gehra Hua<br />
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]], Armaan Khan<br />
| lyrics3 = Irshad Kamil<br />
| music3 = Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length3 = 6:02<br />
| title4 = Teri Ni Kararan<br />
| music4 = Lal Chand Yamla Jatt, Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length4 = 3:58<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Lal Chand Yamla Jatt]]<br />
| extra4 = Diljit Dosanjh, Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| title5 = [[Piya Tu Ab To Aja|Run Down the City – Monica]]<br />
| extra5 = [[Reble]], [[Asha Bhosle]], R. D. Burman<br />
| lyrics5 = [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], Reble<br />
| music5 = Shashwat Sachdev, [[R. D. Burman]]<br />
| length5 = 2:21<br />
| title6 = Shararat<br />
| extra6 = [[Madhubanti Bagchi]], Jasmine Sandlas<br />
| lyrics6 = Jasmine Sandlas<br />
| music6 = Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length6 = 3:44<br />
| title7 = Ez-Ez<br />
| extra7 = [[Diljit Dosanjh]], Hanumankind, Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| lyrics7 = Raj Ranjodh, Hanumankind<br />
| music7 = Shashwat Sachdev, Raj Ranjodh<br />
| length7 = 3:03<br />
| title8 = Lutt Le Gaya<br />
| music8 = Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length8 = 4:14<br />
| lyrics8 = Simran Choudhary<br />
| extra8 = Simran Choudhary<br />
| title9 = Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq<br />
| music9 = Roshan, Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length9 = 3:24<br />
| lyrics9 = Sahir Ludhianvi, Reble<br />
| extra9 = Reble, [[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
| title10 = Naal Nachna<br />
| music10 = Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length10 = 2:35<br />
| lyrics10 = Irshad Kamil, Reble<br />
| extra10 = [[Afsana Khan]], Reble<br />
| title11 = Ramba Ho<br />
| music11 = [[Bappi Lahiri]], Shashwat Sachdev<br />
| length11 = 2:47<br />
| lyrics11 = [[Indeevar]]<br />
| extra11 = [[Madhubanti Bagchi]], [[Usha Uthup]]<br />
| total_length = 38:54<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Charts ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+ Chart performance for ''Dhurandhar''<br />
! scope="col"| Chart (2025–2026)<br />
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| [[Billboard Canadian Albums|Canadian Albums]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2026-01-10/|title=''Billboard'' Canadian Albums: Week of January 10, 2026|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=7 January 2026}}</ref><br />
| 71<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| New Zealand Albums ([[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/albums/2026-01-02|title=Official Top 40 Albums|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=2 January 2026|access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref><br />
| 20<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| US [[World Albums]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-albums/2026-01-17/|title=World Albums: Week of January 17, 2026|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref><br />
| 7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|''Dhurandhar: The Revenge'' (soundtrack)]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Dhurandhar}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 soundtrack albums]]<br />
[[Category:Film scores]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]<br />
[[Category:Saregama soundtracks]]<br />
[[Category:Dhurandhar (film series)]]<br />
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]<br />
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]<br />
[[Category:Thriller film soundtracks]]<br />
[[Category:Crime film soundtracks]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Banyan&diff=540408The Banyan2026-04-17T04:52:22Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: starting a post.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About|the Indian social aid organization||Banyan (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = The Banyan<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Nonprofit Organization]]<br />
| tax_id = <br />
| registration_id = <br />
| founded = 1993<br />
| founders = [[Vandana Gopikumar]] and Vaishnavi Jayakumar<br />
| dissolved = <br />
| location = Chennai, India<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| origins = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| region_served = Mental Health, Homelessness, Poverty, Inclusive Living Options<br />
| products = <br />
| services = Mental Health Care<br />
| focus = <br />
| method = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| disbursements = <br />
| expenses = <br />
| endowment = <br />
| num_volunteers = <br />
| num_employees = <br />
| num_members = <br />
| affiliations = <br />
| subsid = <br />
| owner = <br />
| former_name = <br />
| website = https://thebanyan.org<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''The Banyan''' is a [[non-governmental organization]] based in [[Chennai]], [[India]] that was founded in 1993 by [[Vandana Gopikumar]] and Vaishnavi Jayakumar to cater to mentally-ill and homeless women in the city.<br />
<br />
This includes the Emergency Care and Recovery Center offered in hospital-based settings, the Center for Mental Health and Inclusive Development promoting the Home Again model and the Center for Social Needs and Livelihood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Banyan |url=https://thebanyan.org/ |access-date=November 24, 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Services ==<br />
The Government of Tamil Nadu - National Health Mission plans to set up multiple new emergency care and recovery centres for individuals with mental illness, both those who are homeless and those who are not. The Banyan will act as capacity building partners on this project, and will also share the protocols and values of their emergency care and recovery services, so that they will be replicated in these new centres.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/nhm-to-set-up-five-mental-healthcare-and-recovery-centres/article19700803.ece|title=NHM to set up five mental healthcare and recovery centres|last=Hamid|first=Zubeda|date=2017-09-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-05-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Banyan is currently part of a collaborative project (along with [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]], The Hans Foundation and [[Government of Kerala|The Government of Kerala]]) in Kerala to facilitate exit options for long-stay patients in government run mental health centres. Many of the long-stay patients who will be identified through this project will be transferred to Home Again homes within Kerala.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2018-03-11 |title=These Kerala rehabilitation homes help people with mental illness integrate into society |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/these-kerala-rehabilitation-homes-help-those-cured-mental-illness-integrate-society-77816 |access-date=2018-05-25 |work=The News Minute}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
The Banyan and its founders have acquired several accolades since 1993, including the Stree Shakthi Puraskar Award (Ministry of Women and Child Development) in 2003<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wcd.nic.in/schemes/nari-shakti-puraskar|title=Nari Shakti Puraskar {{!}} Ministry of Women & Child Development |website=wcd.nic.in|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> G.D. Birla International Award in 2005, The Sat Paul Mittal National Award, 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nskt.org/awards.asp|title=Welcome to Nehru Sidhant Kender Trust|website=www.nskt.org|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> AmeriCares Spirit of Humanity Awards, 2011, Swiss Foundation award with WHO in 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/The-Banyan-founder-gets-international-award/articleshow/16647644.cms|title=The Banyan founder gets international award |date=October 3, 2012|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> Sitaram Jindal Award, 2012,<ref>{{Citation|title=Sitaram Jindal Foundation Prize 2012| date=3 December 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDowIEz-wxA|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> WHO Public Health Champion Award (India), 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/world_health_day/PHC2017/en/|title=WHO India honours Public Health Champions|website=South-East Asia Regional Office|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> and the University of Pennsylvania Nursing Renfield Foundation Award for Global Women's Health in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/jan/25/vandana-gopikumar-a-co-founder-of-a-chennai-based-ngo-to-get-penn-nursing-renfield-award-1763058.html|title=Vandana Gopikumar, a co-founder of a Chennai-based NGO to get Penn Nursing Renfield Award|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mental Health in India}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banyan}}<br />
[[Category:Mental health organisations in India]]<br />
[[Category:1993 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1993]]<br />
[[Category:Poverty in India]]<br />
[[Category:Homelessness]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=VFS_Capital&diff=543165VFS Capital2026-04-17T02:12:46Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: starting a post.</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian non-banking financial company}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = VFS Capital Limited<br />
| logo = Logo- VFS Capital.svg<br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| type = [[Financial services|Financial Services]]<br />
| traded_as = <br />
| founders = Mr Kuldip Maity<br />
| industry = [[Financial service]]s<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1994|06|28}}<br />
| key_people = {{ubl|Mr Ajit Kumar Maity <br> {{small|(Chairman)}}|Mr Kuldip Maity <br> {{small|(MD & CEO)}}|Dr Sankar Datta <br> {{small|(Independent Director)}}|Ms Jayshree Vyas <br> {{small|(Chartered Accountant)}}|Dr T.K. Mukhopadhyay <br> {{small|(Independent Director)}}|Mr Pradipta Jena <br> {{small|(Independent Director)}}}}<br />
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|212.58|c}} (2020)<br />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|35.06|c}} (2020)<br />
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1007.57|c}} (2020)<br />
| equity = 161.05 Crore<br />
| owner = <br />
| num_locations = 13 state, 78 districts, 20,900 Villages<br />
| num_locations_year = 2020<br />
| num_employees = 1473 (2020)<br />
| location = Village Financial Services, Eco space, Business Park, Tower-4 B, Room no. 403, 4th Floor, New Town, Rajarhat, [[Kolkata]] - 700160, [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<br />
| homepage = {{url|https://www.vfscapital.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
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'''VFS Capital Limited''' formerly known as '''Village Financial Services Ltd (VFS)''', is headquartered in Kolkata, was incorporated on 28 June 1994,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://connect2india.com/VILLAGE-FINANCIAL-SERVICES-PRIVATE-LIMITED/2504210|title=VILLAGE FINANCIAL SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED - Company, registration details, products, directors, charges and contact details {{!}} Connect2India|website=connect2india.com|access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref> as a private limited company before it got its present name.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiablooms |title=VFS Capital launches business operations in Rajasthan {{!}} Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/finance-details/17754/vfs-capital-launches-business-operations-in-rajasthan.html |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Indiablooms.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-04 |title=Leading MFI VFS Capital plans to raise Rs 1,500 crore in FY'24 to support growth plans |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/leading-mfi-vfs-capital-plans-to-raise-rs-1500-crore-in-fy24-to-support-growth-plans/articleshow/98408237.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As of December, 2025 they have defaulted on all their financial obligations and staring at a bankruptcy.<ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/capital-crunch-poor-asset-quality-topple-small-microfinance-institutions/articleshow/125420131.cms?from=mdr</ref> <br />
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The name Village Financial Services Private Limited (VFSPL) was registered by the Registrar of Companies on 23 January 2006. Subsequently, the Reserve Bank of India granted it a certificate of registration dated 1 December 2006.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=15 January 2011|title=International Journal of Microfinance|url=http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/sites/default/files/microfinance14062011.pdf|journal=Pondiuni.edu.in}}</ref> In 2013, VFSPL became the first [[microfinance institution]] (MFI) in eastern India to get the status of an NBFC-MFI or [[Non-banking financial company|Non-Banking Financial Company]]-MFI from the [[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://connect2india.com/VILLAGE-FINANCIAL-SERVICES-PRIVATE-LIMITED/2504210|title=About VILLAGE FINANCIAL SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED|date=28 June 1994|website=Connect2India}}</ref><br />
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On 7 November 2017, the company was converted into a [[public company]], after which the RBI granted it a fresh certificate of registration on 4 January 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/VILLAGE-FINANCIAL-SERVICES-LIMITED/U51109WB1994PLC063746|title=VILLAGE FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED|date=18 November 2019|website=Zaubacorp}}</ref> VFS is also the first ISO-certified [[microfinance]] company in India.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}} The microfinance operations under VFS have grown phenomenally. It has touched the lives of thousands of poor families by providing them credit for income-generating activities and helping them become economically self-sufficient, besides empowering women (who are the borrowers) and so letting them live with dignity.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In 1978, a group of young people got together to help [[Floods in India|flood victims of West Bengal]]. In 1982, that developed to Village Welfare Society (VWS) and was registered as a not-for-profit organization.<ref>Margaret McLaren, '[https://huichawaii.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/McLaren-Margaret1-2018-AHSE-HUIC.pdf Exploring Empowerment: Microfinance and Women's Agency]', 2018 Hawaii University International Conferences: Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education (3-6 January 2018).</ref> VWS began microfinance activities in 1996 which led to the setting up of Village Micro Credit Services in 2004, a Section 25 not-for-profit company to undertake microfinance activities. The firm was renamed to Village Financial Services Limited, regulated by the RBI. It was reclassified by the RBI as an ‘[[NBFC & MFI in India|NBFC-MFI]]’ on 27 September 2013.<ref name=":0">Shariq Khan, '[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/village-financial-services-market-based-impact-lending-for-the-underserved-unbanked/articleshow/69002868.cms?from=mdr Village Financial Services: Market-based impact lending for the underserved, unbanked]', ''The Economic Times'' (24 April 2019).</ref><br />
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The company was incorporated on 28 June 1994, in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, as a private limited company under the Companies Act, 1956, under a different name.{{fact|date=April 2021}}<br />
<br />
* In 2006-07, it acquired a [[Non-bank financial institution|non-banking financial company (NBFC)]] and became Village Financial Services Pvt Ltd.<br />
* In 2013-14, the Reserve Bank of India reclassified VFSPL as an [[NBFC & MFI in India|NBFC-MFI.]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
* In 2017-18, Village Financial Services Pvt Ltd became Village Financial Services Ltd and got its first [[private equity]] (PE) funding.<br />
* In 2018-19, VFS saw its [[assets under management]] cross Rs 1,000 [[crore]].<br />
<br />
The company has been included in academic studies of micro finance.<ref>Erica Field and Rohini Pande, "Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance:Evidence from India," ''Journal of the European Economic Association'', 6.2-3 (2008), 501-9.</ref><ref>Erica Field, Rohini Pande, John Papp and Y. Jeannette Park, "Repayment Flexbility Can Reduce Financial Stress: A Randomized Control Trial with Microfinance Clients in India", ''PLoS ONE'', 7.9 (2012), e45679 [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045679].</ref><ref>Erica Field, Rohini Pande, John Papp, and Natalia Rigol, "Does the Classic Microfinance Model Discourage Entrepreneurship Among the Poor? Experimental Evidence from India", ''American Economic Review'', 103.6 (2013), 2196–226.</ref><br />
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== Board of directors ==<br />
<br />
* '''Mr Ajit Kumar Maity''' is the chairman of Village Financial Services Ltd. He has worked in [[microfinance]] since 1995 after having started an NGO in 1978. He is the pioneer of microfinance in eastern India. He is also the founder-member of Sa-Dhan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20180919/3437905.html|title=Sa-Dhan organises two-day conference on microfinance|work=Web India 123}}</ref><br />
* '''Mr Kuldip Maity''' is the MD and CEO of Village Financial Services. He is associated with Sa-Dhan, AMFI West Bengal and Micro Finance Institutions Network (MFIN).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/demonetisation-halts-disbursements-by-mfis-648745-2016-11-18|title=Demonetisation halts disbursements by MFIs|date=18 November 2016|work=India Today}}</ref> He has been a dedicated social worker for over two decades. He has received numerous awards for his work.<br />
* '''Dr Sankar Datta''', a doctorate in economics, is an independent director of VFS. He has been working for more than three decades with the poor to improve their livelihoods by getting linked with various value chains and accessing microfinance.<br />
* '''Ms Jayshree Vyas''', a chartered accountant, is an independent director of VFS. She is the Managing Director of Shri Mahila Sewa Sahakari Bank Ltd and Promoter Director in Sewa Grih Rin Ltd, and a director in Equitas Holding Ltd, among others.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/demonetisation-halts-disbursements-by-mfis-4383162/|title=Demonetisation halts disbursements by MFIs|date=19 November 2016|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
* '''Dr T.K. Mukhopadhyay''' is an independent director of VFS. He was earlier country head of [[IDBI Bank]] and has been on the board of North Eastern Development Financial Corporation (NEDFi).<br />
* '''Mr Pradipta Jena''', an independent director of VFS, is a former Regional Director of the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. He has handled general banking and foreign exchange, among others, and has a special interest in rural development and microcredit.<br />
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== Investors ==<br />
<br />
* IDFC First Bank and Param Value Investments<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vfs-raises-rs-25-cr-private-equity-from-param-capital-118032900606_1.html|title=VFS raises Rs 25 cr private equity from Param Capital|date=29 March 2018|work=Business Standard}}</ref> are the equity investors in Village Financial Services as on 31 March 2019.<br />
* Param Value Investments invested in VFS in March 2018.<ref name="Business Line">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/vfs-confident-of-growing-loan-book-to-1600-cr-by-fy20/article26749667.ece|title=VFS ‘confident’ of growing loan book to ₹1,600 cr by FY20|date=5 April 2019|work=Business Line}}</ref> Param Value Investments is a partnership firm owned by a high net-worth individual, Mr Mukul Mahavir Agarwal, and Param Capital Research Pvt Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/pti-feed/vfs-raises-rs-25-cr-private-equity-from-param-capital/story/273640.html|title=VFS raises Rs 25 cr private equity from Param Capital|date=29 March 2018|work=Business Today}}</ref> The firm invests both in public and private equity across sectors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/village-financial-services-to-expand-reach/article9622890.ece|title=Village Financial Services to expand reach|date=7 April 2017|work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref><br />
* Capital First Limited invested in VFS in July 2018. In December 2018, [[IDFC First Bank|IDFC Bank Ltd]] merged with Capital First Ltd and renamed itself as [[IDFC First Bank|IDFC First Bank Ltd]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vfs-in-talks-with-merchant-bankers-for-ipo-118100300598_1.html|title=VFS in talks with merchant bankers for IPO|date=3 October 2018|work=Business Standard}}</ref><br />
*IDFC First Bank Ltd owns a 7.03 per cent stake in VFS,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vccircle.com/village-financial-seeks-private-growth-capital-after-deferring-ipo|title=Village Financial seeks private growth capital after deferring IPO|date=14 January 2020|work=VC Circle}}</ref> while Param Value Investments along with other investors holds 11.62 per cent in VFS.<ref name="Business Line"/><br />
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== Awards and recognition ==<br />
Awards received by the organisation are listed on its [https://village.net.in/highlights-and-achievements/ webpage].<br />
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== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* https://www.vfscapital.in/<br />
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[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Microfinance companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Community development organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Social enterprises]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1978]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andhra_Christian_Theological_College&diff=486462Andhra Christian Theological College2026-04-14T07:58:23Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added a stub initial version - done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Seminary in Telangana, India}}<br />
{{About|UGC-recognised undergraduate courses (for the [[Clergy]]) and diploma, undergraduate and master's courses (for the [[Laity]]) offered by ACTC|UGC-recognised master's courses (for the Clergy) specializing in [[Religion]] and [[Sacred Scripture]]|Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture}}<br />
{{Coord|17|25|00.4|N|78|29|17.7|E|display=title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Andhra Christian Theological College<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = Andhra Christian Theological College (emblem).jpg<br />
| image_size = 150<br />
| image_upright = .7<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = Coat of arms<br />
| other_name = ACTC<br />
| former_name = <!-- or |former_names= --><br />
| motto = {{langx|la|Ad consummationem sanctorum in opus ministerii}}<br />
| motto_lang = [[Latin language]]<br />
| mottoeng = "Equipping the saints for the work of the ministry"<br />
| top_free_label = Dean of Women<br />
|top_free = Smt. Margaret Priyadarshini, AELC<br />
|top_free_label1 = Warden<br />
|top_free1 = The Rev. M. Yonathan, [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]]<br />
| type = Affiliated institution<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|1964|07|01}}<br />
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><br />
| founders = Churches in [[Telugu states]]<br />
| parent = <br />
| accreditation = [[Asia Theological Association]]<br />
| affiliation = [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Christianity]]<br />
| academic_affiliation = [[Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture]]<br />
| endowment = <br />
| budget = <br />
| officer_in_charge = <br />
| chair = <br />
| chairman = <br />
| chairperson = [[Bishop]] K. Padma Rao, CSI<br />
| visitor = Bishop [[Anilkumar John Servand]], [[Methodist Church in India|MCI]]<br />
| chancellor = <br />
| president = <br />
| vice_president = <br />
| superintendent = <br />
| vice_chancellor = <br />
| provost = <br />
| rector = <br />
| principal = The Rev. G. Varaprasad, [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]]<br />
| director = <br />
| dean = The Rev. K. J. Premavardhan, [[Church of South India|CSI]]<br />
| head_label = Registrar<br />
| head = The Rev. Y. J. Rajendra Prasad, STBC<br />
| academic_staff = 18+<br />
| total_staff = 40+<br />
| students = <!-- or |enrollment= --><br />
| undergrad = <br />
| postgrad = <br />
| doctoral = <br />
| other_students = <!-- or |other= --><br />
| address = Lower Tank Bund Road, Gandhinagar Post<br />
| city = [[Secunderabad]]<br />
| state = [[Telangana]]<br />
| province = <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| postalcode = 500 080<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|17|25|00.4|N|78|29|17.7|E|type:edu}}<br />
| campus_type = Residential<br />
| campus_size = 10+ acres<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[English language|English]]<br />
| free_label = Bursar<br />
| free = The Rev. V. Alfred Sudhakar, [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars|CBCNC]]<br />
| free_label2 = Chaplain<br />
| free2 = The Rev. V. John Pradeep, AELC<br />
| colors = <!--or |colours= --><br />
| sports_nickname = <!--or |athletics_nickname= --><br />
| sporting_affiliations = <br />
| mascot = <!--or |mascots= --><br />
| sports_free_label = <!-- up to |sports_free_label3= --><br />
| sports_free = <!-- up to |sports_free3= --><br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.actc.edu.in/}}<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_size = <br />
| logo_upright = <br />
| logo_alt = White cross and ACTC against a black-and-pink background<br />
| embedded = <!-- or |nrhp= or |module= --><br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Andhra Christian Theological College''' (ACTC) is a [[seminary]]<ref>[[Roger E. Hedlund]], ''World Christianity: South Asia'', Missions Advanced Research and Communication Center, 1980, p.48. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RfMpKxKHjwsC&q=andhra+christian+theological+college+old+testament]</ref> in [[Telangana]] which was founded in 1964.<ref>M. Ezra Sargunam (Edited), ''Mission Mandate: A compendium of the perspective of missions in India'', Mission India, Madras, 1992, p.495. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pyPkAAAAMAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref> It is affiliated with [[India]]'s first<ref>Sankar Ray, The Hindu (Business Line), 11 April 2008 "Almost a century later, the charter was endorsed officially under the Bengal Govt Act IV of 1918." Internet, accessed 30 November 2008. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2008/04/11/stories/2008041150100400.htm]</ref> university, the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] (a university under section 2(f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] Act, 1956),<ref>{{cite web|title=UGC Act-1956|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/ugc_act.pdf|website=mhrd.gov.in/|publisher=Secretary, University Grants Commission|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] is a University within the meaning of Section 2 (f) of the UGC Act, 1956 under which a University means a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act, and includes any such institution as may, in consultation with the University concerned, be recognised by the Commission in accordance with the regulations made in this behalf under this Act. The UGC took the opinion that the Senate fell under the purview of Section 2 (f) of the said Act since ''The Serampore College Act, 1918'' was passed by the Government of West Bengal.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/history/u-g-c-and-serampore-college/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612143603/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/history/u-g-c-and-serampore-college/ |date=12 June 2017 }}</ref> and has degree-granting authority under a [[University charter|Danish charter]] ratified by the [[government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/about-us/history-of-council-of-serampore-college/|title=''History of Council of Serampore College''}}</ref> ACTC is on the [[Hussain Sagar]] canal (north) in Gandhinagar, [[Hyderabad]], about {{convert|4|km}} from the [[Secunderabad Junction railway station]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Andhra+Christian+Theological+College,+1-2-607/1-23,+Gandhi+Nagar+Post,+New+Bakaram,+Hyderabad,+Telangana+500080/Secunderabad+Junction,+Bhoiguda,+Secunderabad,+Telangana+500025/@17.4245421,78.4872158,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bcb99f01c7d33c9:0xc835baba4df458d1!2m2!1d78.4882494!2d17.4166762!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bcb9a213de9c7b7:0x957c784f25ea95aa!2m2!1d78.5015956!2d17.4337397!3e0|title=Andhra Christian Theological College to Secunderabad Junction|website=Andhra Christian Theological College to Secunderabad Junction}}</ref><br />
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:85%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:32em; max-width:25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ccc;"| Participating ecclesiastical societies,<br>Andhra Christian Theological College,<br> Secunderabad, Telangana<br /><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: left;" |<br />
* ''[[Methodist]]''<br />
** [[Methodist Church in India]] (MCI); 1964<ref name="Prospectus"/><br />
* ''[[Lutheran]]''<br />
** [[South Andhra Lutheran Church]] (SALC); 1964<ref name="Prospectus"/><br />
** [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] (AELC); 1964<ref name="Prospectus"/><br />
** [[Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church]] (GSELC); 1992<br />
* ''[[Baptist]]''<br />
** [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]] ([[CBCNC]]); 1964<ref name="Prospectus"/><br />
** [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] (STBC); 1972<ref>''Foundations'', Volume 11, American Baptist Historical Society, 1968. p. 321. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWnkAAAAMAAJ]</ref> <br />
* ''[[Anglican]], [[Congregational]], [[Presbyterian]] and [[Wesleyan Methodism|Wesleyan Methodist]]: the [[United Society|SPG]], [[English Wesleyan Mission|WMMS]], [[London Missionary Society|LMS]], [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions|ABCFM]], [[Church Missionary Society|CMS]] and the [[Church of England]]''<br />
** [[Church of South India]] (CSI); 1964<ref name="Prospectus"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The college was founded on the Lutheran Theological College campus in [[Rajahmundry]] and the founding societies included<ref name="Prospectus">''Prospectus ACTC'', Printed by A. Nageswara Rao at Saraswathi Power Press, Rajahmundry, 1969, p.4.</ref><ref name="Rajaiah">Rajaiah David Paul, ''Ecumenism in action: a historical survey of the Church of South India'', Christian Literature Society, Madras, 1972, p.146. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5cpWAAAAMAAJ&q=canadian+baptist]</ref> the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]], the [[Church of South India]], the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]], the [[Methodist Church in India]] and the [[South Andhra Lutheran Church]]. The [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] held its [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] classes at ACTC in 1967, and in 1972 the [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] programme of the [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary was integrated into the college. When [[M. Victor Paul]] was principal (1991&ndash;1993), [[Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church]] joined the college.<ref name="Foundations"/><ref name="Baptist yearbook"/><ref name="Rajaiah"/><br />
<br />
[[Christian missions]] in Andhra Pradesh<ref>Martin Senftleben [http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131403/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf |date=9 December 2008 }} Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 23 April 2006.</ref> opened seminaries in [[Gooty]] (Union Theological Seminary),<ref>Edmund Davies draws attention to Prof. Wilfred Scopes, a Missionary of the [[London Missionary Society]] who taught in the seminaries in Gooty and Dornakal. Edmund Davis, The History of Theological Education in Jamaica: The United Theological College of the West Indies and its four antecedent colleges (1841-1966), 1998, page 167. [http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/01872495/full.pdf]</ref> Dornakal (Andhra Union Theological College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.library.uu.nl/digiarchief/dip/diss/01872495/chapter9.pdf |title=Library file |access-date=5 March 2006 |archive-date=30 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030430084415/http://www.library.uu.nl/digiarchief/dip/diss/01872495/chapter9.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> for the Church of South India), [[Ramayapatnam]] (Baptist Theological Seminary, for the American Baptists), Luthergiri<ref>Winnipeg Free Press [http://www.abrahamlincolnarchive.com/Landing.aspx?search=luthergiri&img=Rvj45z7SpqiKID/6NLMW2ql7x7NgdtJRVzgeTTqBil9AAmBs+7/uoA==] United Lutheran Church Advances - The Board sends new missionaries to each of six foreign mission fields. Retrieved 23 April 2006.</ref> (Lutheran Theological College), [[Kakinada]] ([[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], for Canadian Baptists) and [[Shamshabad]] ([[Mennonite Brethren Centenary Bible College]], for the [[Anabaptists]]). Although professors were exchanged among the seminaries, [[Bachelor of Divinity]] students attended [[Serampore College]] in West Bengal.<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Merger of entities}}Merger===<br />
In 1964, the college was founded in Luthergiri, [[Rajahmundry]], [[East Godavari]] with the merger of three<ref>J. Herbert Kane, ''A Global View of Christian Missions from Pentecost to the Present'', Baker Book House, 1971, p.120. [https://books.google.com/books?id=re6JAAAAMAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref> theological colleges.<ref>[[Victor Premasagar]] {{cite web|url=http://www.mergingcurrents.com/book.php?BookSKU%3D2928 |title=Merging Currents, Inc.: Books on Christianity in India, Hinduism and Indian culture and history: Titles |access-date=2006-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604021054/http://www.mergingcurrents.com/book.php?BookSKU=2928 |archive-date=4 June 2004}} Interpretive Diary of a Bishop, Chennai, 2001, p.88</ref> In 1967, [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary, [[Ramayapatnam]] moved from Ramayapatnam to Rajahmundry, as a separate part of the college in [[Rajahmundry]] until it merged in 1972.<ref name="Baptist yearbook">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_njkAAAAMAAJ&q=rajahmundry|title=Year Book of the American Baptist Convention|first=American Baptist|last=Convention|date=19 October 1971|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Story"/><ref name="Foundations">''Foundations: A Baptist Journal of History and Theology'', Volumes 11-12, American Baptist Historical Society, 1968, pp.320-321. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YV0mAQAAIAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref><br />
*1964<br />
**Andhra Union Theological College in [[Dornakal]], <br />
**[[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]] in [[Kakinada]],<ref name="Yearbook"/> and <br />
**Lutheran Theological College in [[Rajahmundry]].<ref name="Yearbook">''1966 Yearbook of the Lutheran Church in America'', United Lutheran publication house, 1965, p.11.[https://books.google.com/books?id=677kAAAAMAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref><br />
*1972<br />
**[[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary, [[Ramayapatnam]]<br />
<br />
With [[William D. Coleman (pastor)|William D. Coleman]] as its first principal, the college was dedicated on 1 July<ref name="Story">Margaret Eunice Hawkinson [[née]] Coleman, ''That they may be one - The Story of the Andhra Christian Theological College'', Published by the Mission Council of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, and printed at the Lenox Press, Madurai, 1966. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DsThAAAAMAAJ&q=That+they+may+be+one+-+The+Story+of+the+Andhra+Christian+Theological+College]</ref> 1964 by R. M. Clark<ref name="Story"/> of the [[Board of Theological Education of the Senate of Serampore College|BTESSC]].{{efn|Formerly known as the Board of Theological Education of the National Council of Churches in India.}} The inaugural address was delivered by Senate of Serampore College registrar [[C. Devasahayam]] in [[Rajahmundry]].<ref name="Lutheran">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXvkAAAAMAAJ&q=baptist+theological+seminary+kakinada+serampore|title=Baptist Year Book for the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec|first=Baptist Convention of Ontario and|last=Quebec|date=19 October 1959|publisher=Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec.|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Relocation===<br />
By 1973, the college had moved from Rajahmundry to [[Secunderabad]] due to pollution from nearby paper mills.<ref>Minutes of the Biennial Convention, Issue 7'', Lutheran Church in America, 1974, p.553.[https://books.google.com/books?id=SALkAAAAMAAJ&q=coleman]''</ref> The new buildings were dedicated by Church of South India bishop [[Pereji Solomon]] in the presence of Catholic archbishop [[Samineni Arulappa]] and seminarians from [[St. John's Regional Seminary]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.actchyd.com/milestones/ |title=ACTC web site. ''Milestones'' |access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909221936/http://www.actchyd.com/milestones/ |archive-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the 1990s, the college's postal address changed to Hyderabad (now in Telangana).<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| total_width = 400<br />
| align = left<br />
| direction = horizontal<br />
| header = Personalities<br />
| image1 = Solomon_Raj_5.jpg<br />
| caption1 = Bishop [[A. C. Solomon Raj]], previously Chairperson of Board of Governors<br />
| image2 = MAR APREM METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN OF MALABAR AND ALL INDIA NOW NATHAR KURSIYA.jpg<br />
| caption2 = [[Aprem Mooken]], a Visitor to the college in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJDXAAAAMAAJ&q=church+history+association+of+india+hyderabad|title=Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion|date=19 October 1989|publisher=Guru Nanak Foundation|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
| image3 = The Rev. A. John Prabhakar.jpg<br />
| caption3 = Homiletics Scholar, The Rev. A. John Prabhakar, an [[Alumnus]] of this institution, and past Principal.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
===Kretzmann Commission===<br />
ACTC constituted the [[Kretzmann Commission]] in 1969,<ref>Martin Kretzmann (1906-2000) was a missionary to India and was also instrumental in affiliating the Concordia Theological Seminary, Nagercoil with the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]. {{cite web|url=http://www.gracelutheranchurch.ca/MMS_IELC.html |title=India Evangelical Lutheran Church |access-date=2006-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060529212414/http://www.gracelutheranchurch.ca/MMS_IELC.html |archive-date=29 May 2006 }} Internet, accessed 23 April 2006.</ref> consisting of:<br />
* M. L. Kretzmann, [[D.D.]], secretary for planning, study and research of the [[Lutheran World Federation]]'s Department of World Missions<br />
* [[K. Devasahayam]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]], B.D. ([[Hon.]]), [[S.T.M.]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]]<br />
* [[A. B. Masilamani]], M.A., [[Th.M.]], Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars<br />
* C. S. Sundaresan, [[bishop]] of the Church of South India's [[Diocese of Rayalaseema]]<br />
<br />
The commission's report, presented to the board of governors, suggested increasing the [[Bachelor of Divinity]] curriculum and abolishing the [[Licentiate in Theology]] programme.<br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Governance and administration}}Administration and faculty==<br />
==={{anchor|Board of Governors}}Board of governors===<br />
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:85%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:30em; max-width:35%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ccc;"| Succession of [[Old Testament]] faculty at ACTC, [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] {{small|(1964-1972)}} and [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] {{small|(1973-''Present'')}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: left;" |<br />
* [[W. D. Coleman]], [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America|ELCA]], [[PhD]] ([[Hartford Seminary|Hartford]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8QQAQAAMAAJ&q=coleman|title=List of Doctoral Dissertations in History Now in Progress at Universities in the United States and the Dominion of Canada|date=19 November 1958|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Punnaiah">Talathoti Punnaiah, ''My Memoir, Ministry and Message - 60 years Life Experiences 1950-2010'', Craig Emmanuel Baptist Church, Kakinada, 2010, pp.11, 12, 18, 23, 33.</ref><br />
* M. Vidyanandam, [[Church of South India|CSI]], [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]),<ref name="Punnaiah"/><ref>''The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's Who'', Bennett and Coleman, Bombay, 1954, p.961.[https://books.google.com/books?id=aI8jAQAAMAAJ&q=rev.m.vidyanandam]</ref><br />
* P. [[Victor Premasagar]], CSI, [[PhD]] ([[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]])<ref name="Punnaiah"/><ref>John C. England, et al. (Edited), ''Asian Christian Theologies'', Volume 2, ISPCK, New Delhi, 2002, pp.275-276. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IckRAQAAIAAJ&q=victor+premasagar+st.+andrews]</ref><br />
* [[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]], [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]], [[Th.M.]] ([[Eastern University (United States)|Eastern]])<ref name="Punnaiah"/><ref>[[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]], ''The Concept of Suffering in the Bible and in Hinduism'', [[Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary|Eastern University (United States)]], Pennsylvania, 1957. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nwqmNwAACAAJ&q=gaddala+solomon]</ref><br />
* G. Babu Rao, [[CBCNC]], [[M.Th.]] (Serampore)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txUnAQAAIAAJ&q=babu+rao+old+testament|title=Guide to Indian Periodical Literature|date=19 October 1989|publisher=Indian Documentation Service|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
* Scott L. Harris, ELCA, [[PhD]] ([[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://faithelcamiddletown.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/FLCSEPT15.pdf|title=''Faith Lutheran Church'', Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2015, p.3}}</ref><br />
* N. V. Luther Paul, AELC, [[D.Th.]] (Serampore)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDsmAQAAIAAJ&q=the+impact+of+the+united+monarchy+on+the+peasantry|title=Missionalia|date=19 October 2004|publisher=The Society|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
* Ch. Vasantha Rao, CSI, [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Hamburg|Hamburg]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tpBAQAAIAAJ&q=chilkuri+vasantha+rao|title=Missionalia|date=19 October 2007|publisher=The Society|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
* Henriette Howarth, [[Church of England|C of E]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] ([[University of Utrecht|Utrecht]])<ref>''Journal of the Henry Martyn Institute'', Volume 18, Issue 1, 1999, p.4.[https://books.google.com/books?id=0kcqAQAAMAAJ&q=old+testament]</ref><br />
* T. Mathews Emmanuel, CBCNC, D.Th. (Serampore)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snsnAQAAIAAJ&q=thathapudi+matthews|title=Guide to Indian Periodical Literature|date=19 October 2006|publisher=Indian Documentation Service|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
* R. Jeeva Kumar, STBC, D.Th. (Serampore)<ref>Ravela Jeeva Kumar, ''Struggle for land rights in 1 Kings 21 : a dalit hermeneutic perspective'', ISPCK, New Delhi, 2012. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/816956961]</ref><br />
* K. Joseph Premavardhan, CSI, M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
* G. Varaprasad, AELC, D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
* G. David, SALC, M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|}<br />
The college is administered by a board of governors composed of representatives of participating [[Protestant]] ecclesiastical societies:<br />
* Telangana<br />
** Church of South India (CSI) Dioceses of [[Diocese of Dornakal|Dornakal]], [[Diocese of Karimnagar|Karimnagar]], [[Diocese of Medak|Medak]] (headquartered in [[Dornakal]], [[Karimnagar]] and [[Medak]])<br />
** [[Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church]] (headquartered in [[Bhadrachalam]])<br />
** [[Methodist Church in India]], Hyderabad Regional Conference<br />
** [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] Society, Deccan Association<br />
* [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
** CSI Dioceses of [[Anglican Diocese of Madras|Madras]] and [[Anglican Diocese of Vellore|Vellore]] (headquartered in [[Chennai]] and [[Vellore]])<br />
* [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
** [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]], headquartered in [[Guntur]]<br />
** CSI Dioceses of [[Krishna-Godavari Diocese|Krishna-Godavari]], [[Diocese of Nandyal|Nandyal]] and [[Diocese of Rayalaseema|Rayalaseema]] (headquartered in [[Machilipatnam]], [[Nandyal]] and [[Kadapa]], respectively)<br />
** Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars, originally headquartered in [[Kakinada]]<br />
** [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]], originally headquartered in [[Nellore]]<br />
** [[South Andhra Lutheran Church]], headquartered in [[Tirupati]]<br />
<br />
===Motto===<br />
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:85%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:30em; max-width:35%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ccc;"| Succession of [[New Testament]] faculty at ACTC, [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] {{small|(1964-1972)}} and [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] {{small|(1973-''Present'')}} <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: left;" |<br />
* [[Komaravalli David|K. David]],<ref>''[[Indian Journal of Theology]]'', Volume 18, 2-3, April–September 1969, p.196. [http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/18-2-3_191.pdf]</ref> [[CBCNC]], [[PhD]] ([[Edinburgh University|Edinburgh]]),<ref name="Punnaiah"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=998XAQAAIAAJ&q=University+of+Edinburgh+Journal+serampore|title=University of Edinburgh Journal|date=19 October 1991|publisher=University of Edinburgh, Graduates' Association|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
* [[Muriel Spurgeon Carder|Muriel Spurgeon-Carder]], [[Canadian Baptist Ministries|CBM]], [[Th.D.]] ([[Toronto School of Theology|Toronto]])<ref name="Punnaiah"/> <br />
* [[M. Victor Paul]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], [[M. Th.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]),<ref>Victor Paul has a postgraduate degree in New Testament from the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]. In addition, he also has a doctoral degree in the field of Christian Ministry.</ref><br />
* [[Suppogu Joseph|S. Joseph]], [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]], [[D. Th.]] (Serampore)<br />
* K. Prasada Rao, STBC, M. Th. (Serampore),<ref>K. M. Hiwale (Compiled), ''Directory 1910-1997 of the [[United Theological College, Bangalore|United Theological College]]'', Bangalore, 1997, p.111</ref><br />
*David Roland Hall, [[English Wesleyan Mission|WMMS]], M. Th. (Serampore)<ref>''70 years of God's Faithfulness: CSI (Medak Diocese) UK Telugu Christians Souvenir commemorating the 70th year of the formation of the Church of South India'', 2016, p.15.[http://www.revcvr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/CSI-UK-Souvenir-1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827000405/http://www.revcvr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/CSI-UK-Souvenir-1.pdf |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref><br />
* Klaus Schäfer,<ref>''The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies'', Volume 12, 1993, p.2.[https://books.google.com/books?id=lFFTAAAAYAAJ&q=andhra]</ref> EMS,<ref>''Reconciliation as the mission of God'', Reconciliation Network, 2005, p.23.[https://divinity.duke.edu/sites/divinity.duke.edu/files/documents/cfr/reconciliaton-as-the-mission-of-god.pdf]</ref> [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Hamburg|Hamburg]]),<ref>''International Bulletin of Missionary Research'', Volume 19, Number 2, April 1995, p.67.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035523/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1995-02/1995-02-066-noteworthy.pdf]}}</ref><br />
* V. Manikya Rao, [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], D. Th. (Serampore),<ref>''List of Recipients of Doctor of Theology Degree'', Senate of Serampore College (University). [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-theology/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714055717/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-theology/ |date=14 July 2017 }}</ref><br />
* K. Suraj Kumar, [[CBCNC]], [[PhD]] ([[University of Cape Town|Cape Town]]),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.atlanticbaptistwomen.ca/images/stories/PDF-Documents/W_5/w5_sep_2012.pdf |title=Lisa Lohnes, ''W5 on Missions'', ''Tidings'', p.16, September 2012 |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816140204/http://www.atlanticbaptistwomen.ca/images/stories/PDF-Documents/W_5/w5_sep_2012.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* M. John Sundar, CSI, M. Th. (Serampore),<ref>[[Church of South India Synod]], [[Diocese of Medak]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414153100/http://csisynod.com/Admin/ministerial/25_Medak%20Diocese.pdf]</ref><br />
* Ch. Helen Salomy, STBC, M. Th. (Serampore),<ref>''Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on 17 July 2012'', p.32.</ref><br />
* G. Niranjan Nishchal, CSI, M. Th. (Serampore)<ref>''Church of South India Synod'', Pastoral Concerns Department, Lenten Meditations, 2020.[https://www.academia.edu/42524265/_Mary_Magdalene_Rev_G_Niranjan_Nishchal]</ref><br />
*V. John Pradeep Kumar, AELC, M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|}<br />
The college motto is derived from [[Ephesians]] 4:12, which reads in the [[Latin]] [[Vulgate]]: ''"Ad consummationem sanctorum in opus ministerii..."''<ref>Vulgate, [http://www.latinvulgate.com/verse.aspx?t=1&b=10&c=4 Ephesians 4] Retrieved 23 April 2006.</ref> ("For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry..." in the [[King James Version]]).<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|The Hall System}}Hall system===<br />
[[W. D. Coleman]], the college's first principal, explained the hall system: "Each of the participating denominations has its own 'hall'. There are two hours of instruction each week about the liturgy, history, and policy of each denomination".<ref>Edgar R. Trexler, ''Mission in a New World'', Fortress Press, 1977. p. 29.[https://books.google.com/books?id=5d7XAKvOztYC]</ref><br />
<br />
The churches commonly associated with [[Protestantism]] in southern India include the Anglicans, Congregationalists, [[Wesleyan Methodism|Wesleyan Methodists]], [[Baptists]], [[Lutherans]] and [[Methodists]]. Each church has its own tradition. At ACTC, students learn their respective church doctrine in addition to general theology.<ref>''The American Lutheran'', American Lutheran Publicity Bureau, [[Delhi (town), New York]], 1965. p. 12. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xM4nAAAAMAAJ&q=hall+system]</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Principalship|Succession of Principals}}Principals===<br />
The principal serves a four-year term (2022–2026), with each participating church having an opportunity to provide a principal. The current principal is the Rev. G. Varaprasad, AELC, D.Th. (Serampore). <br />
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 5px solid #BBB; margin: .96em 0 0 .9em;"<br />
|+ Succession of Principals at Andhra Christian Theological College,<br> [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] {{small|(1964-1972)}} and [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] {{small|(1973-''Present'')}}<br />
|- style="font-size: 86%;"<br />
!Term !!Years!!Church Society!!Tradition!!No.!! Principals!!Domicile<br />
|-<br />
|1964–1973||8||[[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]]||[[Lutheran]]||1.||[[W. D. Coleman]], [[PhD]] ([[Hartford Seminary|Hartford]])||[[United States]]<br />
|-<br />
|1973–1980 ||8|| [[Church of South India|CSI]]||[[Wesleyan Methodism|Wesleyan Methodist]]||2.||P. [[Victor Premasagar]], [[PhD]] ([[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]])||[[Telangana]]<br />
|-<br />
|1980–1986 ||6|| [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars|CBCNC]]||[[Baptist]]||3.||K. David, [[PhD]] ([[University of Edinburgh|Edinburgh]])||[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|-<br />
|1986–1990 ||4|| [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]]||Baptist||4.||[[Suppogu Joseph|S. Joseph]], [[D.Th.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]])||Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|1990–1994<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|4<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|AELC<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|Lutheran<br />
|5.||[[M. Victor Paul]], [[D.Min.]] ([[Luther Seminary|Luther]])||Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=1|6.||G. Sampurna Rao, D.Min. ([[McCormick Theological Seminary|McCormick]])||Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
|1994–1998 ||4|| CSI||Wesleyan Methodist||7.||[[Regunta Yesurathnam|R. Yesurathnam]], D.Th. (Serampore)||Telangana<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|1998–2002<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|4<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|CBCNC<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|Baptist<br />
|8.||K. D. G. Prakasa Rao, [[M.Th.]] (Serampore)<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=1|9.||D. J. Jeremiah, M. Th. (Serampore)<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
|2002–2006 ||4|| STBC||Baptist||10.||B. J. Christie Kumar, M.Th. (Serampore)||Telangana<br />
|-<br />
|2006–2010 ||4|| AELC||Lutheran||11.||N. V. Luther Paul, D.Th. (Serampore)||Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
|2010–2014 ||4|| CSI||Wesleyan Methodist||12.||Ch. Vasantha Rao, [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Hamburg|Hamburg]])||Telangana<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|2014–2018<ref name="2016-2017">''Principal's Annual Report 2016-2017 presented at the 53rd graduation service'', ACTC, [[Hyderabad]]</ref><br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|4<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|CBCNC<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|Baptist<br />
|13.||T. Matthews Emmanuel, D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=1|14.||N. V. Vijaya Kumari, M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|Telangana<br />
|-<br />
|2018–2022 ||4|| STBC||Baptist||15.||A. John Prabhakar, D. Th. (Serampore)||Andhra Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|2022–2026<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|4<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|AELC<br />
| rowspan=2 colspan=1|Lutheran<br />
|16.||T. Swami Raju,<ref>''Principal's Annual Report 2023-2024 presented at the 60th graduation service'', ACTC, [[Hyderabad]]</ref> D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|- <br />
| rowspan=1|17.||G. Varaprasad, D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Serampore University affiliation==<br />
[[File:SeramporeCollege.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Drawing of a large building with columns|1887 drawing of Senate of Serampore College (University)]]<br />
The college has affiliated since its founding with the Senate of Serampore College (University).<ref name="Affiliated">{{Cite web |url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/college_2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 September 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918012218/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/college_2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Residential courses for Pastors}}Degrees for pastors===<br />
ACTC and Serampore<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/academics/admission/nature-of-serampore-degrees/ |title=''Nature of Serampore degrees'' |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504053153/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/academics/admission/nature-of-serampore-degrees/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> offer two degrees for pastors: [[Bachelor of Divinity]] (B.D.) and [[Master of Theology]] (M. Th.) under the aegis of [[Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture]] (ARRC).<ref name="Affiliated"/><br />
{{multiple image<br />
| total_width = 400<br />
| align = right<br />
| direction = horizontal<br />
| header = Campus<br />
| image1 = Mens Hostel, Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad, Telangana , India (2017).jpg<br />
| caption1 = Dormitories<br />
| image2 = ACTC Dining hall.jpg<br />
| caption2 = Refectory<br />
| image3 = Residential quarters in Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad , Telangana , India (2017).jpg<br />
| caption3 = Students residential quarters<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Non-residential courses for Christians and non-Christians (Distance mode)}}Distance education===<br />
Through [[distance education]], ACTC has Bachelor of Christian Studies (B.C.S.) and Master of Christian Studies (M.C.S.) programmes for Christian students<ref>P. Satyanarayana, Emmanuel D.K. Meduri, ''Use of Distance Education by Christian Religion to Train, Edify and Educate Adherents'', Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Volume 14, Number 2, April 2013. [http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1013727.pdf]</ref> and a Diploma in Christian Studies (Dip. C.S.) programme for Christian and non-Christian students.<ref name="Affiliated"/><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Registrar's Visitations}}Registrar visits===<br />
When the college was founded in 1964, university [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] [[Chetti Devasahayam]] ([[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars|CBCNC]]) delivered its inaugural address;<ref name="Lutheran"/> registrar [[D. S. Satyaranjan]] visited the college annually. Current registrar S. K. Patro has visited ACTC to investigate the prospect of upgrading the college to a postgraduate institution.<ref name="Convocation"/><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|University Convocations|1979|2016}}University convocations===<br />
<br />
* Senate of Serampore College (University) has held two [[Convocation#University use|convocations]] at ACTC. The February 1979 convocation<ref name="Rayan">''Religion and Society'', Volume 26, Issue 2, Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore, 1979, p.77. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VO0nAAAAYAAJ&q=samuel+rayan]</ref> was hosted by college during the tenures of the [[Old Testament]] faculty [[Victor Premasagar]], CSI and G. Babu Rao, CBCNC; both had been associated with the [[Serampore College]].<ref>''The Story of Serampore and its College'', Council of Serampore College, Serampore (Fourth Edition), 2005, p.92.</ref> The convocation was attended by university registrar [[D. S. Satyaranjan]] and [[Master (college)|master]] A. D. Khan. The university president was [[Victor Premasagar]].<ref name="President and Speaker"/> The [[Commemoration (Anglicanism)|Commemoration]] Mass was led by G. Babu Rao (CBCNC) at St. Gregorios Malankara Orthodox Syrian Cathedral near<ref>St. Gregorios Malankara Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad. [http://www.bangaloreorthodoxdiocese.org/index.php?view=directory&content=clergy]</ref> the college,<ref>''Convocation brochure of the University, 1979, Secunderabad''</ref> and the convocation address was delivered by Samuel Rayan,<ref name="Rayan"/> [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]]<ref name="President and Speaker">{{Cite web |url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/president-and-speaker-at-convocations/ |title=''Senate Presidents and Speakers at Convocations'' |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-date=30 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430143522/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/president-and-speaker-at-convocations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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* The college hosted<ref name="Convocation">''Address of the President of the Senate'', 2016 Convocation of the University. [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/address-of-the-president-of-the-senate/]</ref> the 2016 convocation under the tenure of Old Testament scholars T. Matthews Emmanuel,<ref name="Convocation"/> CBCNC and Vasantha Rao, CSI. The university was represented by master [[John Sadananda]],<ref name="Convocation"/> Senate president Issac Mar Philoxenos,<ref name="Convocation"/><ref name="President and Speaker"/> [[South Asia Theological Research Institute]] dean [[P. G. George]]<ref name="Convocation"/> and university registrar S. K. Patro. The Commemoration Mass was led by S. I. Nirmal Kumar, CBCNC at the Chapel in the campus. The Convocation address was delivered by Klaus Schäfer.<ref name="President and Speaker"/> [[Honorary degree|honorary doctoral degrees]] were conferred on [[D. S. Satyaranjan]]<ref name="Convocation"/> (who led the 1979 convocation) and Klaus Schäfer,<ref name="Convocation"/> who taught [[New Testament]] courses at the college from 1988<ref>''The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies'', Volume 12, 1993, p.2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lFFTAAAAYAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college+old+testament]</ref> to 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4LYAAAAMAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college|title=Bangalore Theological Forum|date=19 October 1993|publisher=Division of Research and Post-graduate Studies, United Theological College|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
<br />
=={{anchor|ATA affiliation}} Master of Divinity programme through ATA==<br />
The college has begun an initiative to admit Christian candidates to a [[Master of Divinity|M.Div.]] programme, for which it has been accredited by the [[Asia Theological Association]].<ref>[[Asia Theological Association]], ''Accredited Member List''.[https://ataindia.org/members/accredited-members/]</ref><br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Faculty}}Academics==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+Present active faculty<ref name="SSC">[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], ''Faculty with subjects taught''.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/4.-ACTC-ALLAHABAD.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021707/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/4.-ACTC-ALLAHABAD.pdf |date=21 May 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Principal">''Principal's Annual Report 2015-2016'' in the 52nd graduation service booklet of the Andhra Christian Theological College, 2016, pp.17-30.</ref><ref name="2016-2017"/><ref>''Principal's Annual Report 2024-2025'' in the 61st graduation service booklet of the Andhra Christian Theological College, 2025, p.24</ref><br />
|-<br />
!Sl.<br>No.!! Subject!!Name !! Gender!!Tradition!! Highest<br> Degree !!Alma mater!!University<br />
|-<br />
|I.||[[Christian ministry]]||L. Anitha, [[Methodist Church in India|MCI]]||F||[[Methodist]]||[[M.Th.]]||[[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College|GLTC, Chennai]]<ref>[[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], ''Projects'', ''Academic and Administrative Committees'', ''Library Committee''. [http://www.gltc.edu/projects/26-administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807172243/http://www.gltc.edu/projects/26-administration |date=7 August 2016 }}</ref>||[[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]<br />
|-<br />
|II.||[[New Testament]]||Ch. Helen Salomy, [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]]<ref name="Exam"/>||F||[[Baptist]]||M.Th.||[[United Theological College, Bangalore|UTC, Bangalore]]<ref>''Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on 17 July 2012'', p.30. [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/wc-july2012.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817025256/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/wc-july2012.pdf |date=17 August 2016 }}</ref>||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|III.||[[History of Christianity]]||P. Usha Priya,<ref>Senate of Serampore College (University), ''Assets'', ''UTC, Bangalore''.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/assets/uploads/cms_pdf/15971262562__UTC_Bangalore_Student_Telegram_IDs_Designated_Telegram_and_Email_IDs_for_Submission.pdf]</ref> STBC||F||Baptist||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|IV.||[[Religions]]||K. Vimalesh Kumari,<ref>[https://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/TEACHING_FACULTY_1612025.pdf SSC, Teaching Faculty]</ref> STBC||F||Baptist||M.Th.||[[Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture|ARRC]], [[Hyderabad]]||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|V.||[[Christian theology]]||S. Angela Veronica, [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]]<ref>Senate of Serampore College, List of Faculty in Affiliated Colleges. [https://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CHRISTIAN-THEOLOGY.pdf]</ref>||F||[[Lutheran]]||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|VI.||[[Old Testament]]||G. David,<ref>[https://www.khalvontawi.in/2023/02/utc-college-prize-winners-2022-2023.html# UTC College Prize Winners 2022-2023]</ref> [[South Andhra Lutheran Church|SALC]]||M||Lutheran||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|VII.||Christian Ethics||K. Silo, CSI<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-C_AoOZSOH4 Silo Karedi]</ref>||M||[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|VIII.||New Testament||V. John Pradeep Kumar, AELC<ref>[https://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/faculty-gurukul-lutheran-theological-college/ Serampore Faculty List, Chennai]</ref>||M||Lutheran||M.Th.||GLTC, Chennai||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|IX.||History of Christianity||D. Dasu, CBCNC||M||Baptist||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|X.||[[Communication]]||V. Alfred Sudhakar, CBCNC<ref>Senate of Serampore College (University), Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary, Madurai, 2020, p.2.[https://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/assets/uploads/cms_pdf/15971263428__TTS_Madurai_Student_Telegram_IDs_Designated_Telegram_and_Email_IDs_for_Submission.pdf]</ref>||M||Baptist||M.Th.||[[Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary|TTS, Madurai]]||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XI.||Christian Ministry||Y. J. Rajendra Prasad,<ref>[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], ''Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on July 15–16, 2010'', p.260. [http://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/220-284.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062216/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/220-284.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> STBC||M||Baptist||[[Doctor of Theology|D.Th.]]||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XII.||New Testament||G. Niranjan Nishchal,<ref>Church of South India Synod, ''Pastoral Concerns Department Lenten Meditations 2020''.[https://www.academia.edu/42524265/_Mary_Magdalene_Rev_G_Niranjan_Nishchal]</ref> CSI||M||[[Methodism|Wesleyan Methodist]]||M.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XIII.||[[Missiology]]||Ch. Joshi Ananda Prakash, AELC||M||Lutheran||M.Th.||GLTC, Chennai<ref name="senateofseramporecollege.edu.in">''Directory of Teaching Staff'', [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]. [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/faculty.php?college=Andhra+Christian+Theological+College&spez=Select+Specialization]</ref>||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XIV.||[[Social Analysis]]||M. Yonathan,<ref>''Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on July 17, 2012'', p.30.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/wc-july2012.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817025256/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/docs/wc-july2012.pdf |date=17 August 2016 }}</ref> STBC||M||Baptist||M.Th.||TTS, Madurai||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XV.||Old Testament<ref name="Exam">[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], ''[[United Theological College, Bangalore]] - Examination Registration 2013 in [[Master of Theology]].[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/examregmth_2013/2MTH.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827205959/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/examregmth_2013/2MTH.pdf |date=27 August 2017 }}''</ref>||K. Joseph Premavardhan,<ref>K. James Cecil Victor (Edited), ''Sermon Outlines 2016, Based on the Third cycle (Year C) of the revised common lectionary of CSI, CNI and MTC.[http://www.csisynod.com/Admin/sermonoutlines/18_SERMONS%202016%20PRINTED%20VERSION.pdf]''</ref> CSI<ref>[[Church of South India Synod]], ''[[Rayalaseema Diocese]] Ministerial roll''.[https://www.csisynod.com/Admin/ministerial/55_Ministerial%20Roll%20-%20Rayalaseema%20Diocese.pdf]</ref>||M||[[Congregationalism|Congregational]]||M. Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XVI.||Christian theology||B. N. Ratna Prakash,<ref>[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], ''List of faculty''.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/THEOLOGY_CLUSTER.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015091922/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/THEOLOGY_CLUSTER.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}</ref> AELC||M||Lutheran||M.Th.||TTS, Madurai||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XVII.||Christian Ethics||B. Sunil Vara Kumar, CSI<ref>Bellam Sunil Vara Kumar, ''Dynamics of Power Sharing Between Mala and Madiga in Church'', ISPCK, New Delhi, 2010.[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Dynamics_of_Power_Sharing_Between_Mala_a/gAYY_gAACAAJ?hl=en]</ref>||M||Congregational||D.Th.||UTC, Bangalore||Serampore<br />
|-<br />
|XVIII.||Old Testament||G. Varaprasad, AELC||M||Lutheran||D.Th.||UTC, Bangalore<ref>[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], Doctor of Theology. [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-theology/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714055717/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-theology/ |date=14 July 2017 }}</ref>||Serampore<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+Faculty on study leave<br />
|-<br />
! Subject!!Name !! Gender!!Denomination!! Degree !!Studying !!Institution!!Leave period<br />
|-<br />
|[[Christian theology]]||S. I. Nirmal Kumar, CBCNC<ref name="senateofseramporecollege.edu.in"/>||M||Baptist||M.Th.||D.Th.||ETC, [[Jorhat]]||2023-2026<br />
|-<br />
|Christian theology||M. Gnanak Gerhardson, CSI||M||[[Wesleyan Methodism|Wesleyan Methodist]]||M.Th.||D.Th.||[[NIIPGTS]],<br> [[Kolkata]]||2024-2027<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Logistics|Naming of the Library}}Library===<br />
ACTC's library has reading-room facilities, over 38,000<ref>Paul, Luther N.V.L., Principal's Annual Report 2007-2008, ''for private circulation'', pp. 10-24</ref> books and 35 periodicals. When the college was founded, it was known as the Dunkelberger Memorial Library.<ref name="Story"/> The [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]<ref name="Dunkelberger">''Minutes of the twentieth biennial Convention of the United Lutheran Church in America'', Board of Publication of the United Lutheran Church in America, 1956, p.991. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EJUgAQAAMAAJ&q=dunkelberger+rajahmundry]</ref> had sponsored the library<ref name="Dunkelberger"/> in memory of Roy Martin Dunkelberger,<ref>Martin Luther Dolbeer, ''The Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church: A Brief History'', Department of Religious Education of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1951, p.145. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YGLZAAAAMAAJ&q=dunkelberger]</ref> AELC, a Lutheran missionary in Rajahmundry.<ref>Margaret Eunice Hawkinson [[née]] Coleman, ''The Church is Planted - A Biographical Record of the Missionaries in India of the Lutheran Church in America 1842-1987'', Florida, 1987.[https://www.worldcat.org/formats-editions/19473601]</ref><br />
<br />
The library was renamed the Gipson Memorial Library in 2014 in honour of [[Baptist]] missionary T. G. Gipson, STBC, who had modernized the library during his second term as a visiting faculty member at the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1kq9FGSWmE|title=Tracy Gibson Memorial Library|date=22 November 2014|via=YouTube}}</ref> The renaming ceremony was held during the tenure of T. Matthews Emmanuel ([[CBCNC]]) as principal, in the presence of board of governors chair [[K. Frederick Paradesi Babu]] (AELC) and board member [[V. Prasada Rao]] (CSI).<br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Sport|Mass}}Student life==<br />
ACTC has recreational facilities which include [[throwball]], tennis, basketball and volleyball courts, a [[table tennis]] room and a playing field for football and cricket. Daily [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] is said in the chapel for students and teachers, and Sunday mass is open to the public. College festivals include the Christian Home Festival, Carey Day, CSI Day, Reformation Day, and Independence Day.<br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Notable people|Faculty|Alumni}}Notable figures==<br />
===Past Faculty===<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
*'''Old Testament'''<br />
**[[W. D. Coleman]], ELCA, [[PhD]] ([[Hartford Seminary|Hartford]]): the college's first principal<br />
**M. Vidyanandam, [[Church of South India|CSI]], [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]),<br />
**P. [[Victor Premasagar]], CSI, [[PhD]] ([[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]])<br />
**[[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]], [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]], [[Th.M.]] ([[Eastern University (United States)|Eastern]])<br />
**G. Babu Rao, [[CBCNC]], [[M.Th.]] (Serampore)<br />
**Scott L. Harris, ELCA, [[PhD]] ([[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union]])<br />
**N. V. Luther Paul, AELC, [[D.Th.]] (Serampore)<br />
**Ch. Vasantha Rao, CSI, [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Hamburg|Hamburg]])<br />
**Henriette Howarth, [[Church of England|C of E]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] ([[University of Utrecht|Utrecht]])<br />
**T. Mathews Emmanuel, CBCNC, D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
**R. Jeeva Kumar, STBC, D.Th. (Serampore)<br />
*'''New Testament'''<br />
**[[Komaravalli David|K. David]], CBCNC, Ph.D. (Edinburgh)<br />
**[[Muriel Spurgeon Carder|Muriel Spurgeon-Carder]], [[Canadian Baptist Ministries|CBM]], [[Th.D.]] ([[Toronto School of Theology|Toronto]])<br />
**[[M. Victor Paul]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], [[M. Th.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]])<br />
**[[Suppogu Joseph|S. Joseph]], [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]], [[D. Th.]] (Serampore)<br />
**K. Prasada Rao, STBC, M. Th. (Serampore),<br />
**David Roland Hall, CoE, [[English Wesleyan Mission|WMMS]], M. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**Klaus Schäfer, EMS, [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Hamburg|Hamburg]]),<br />
**V. Manikya Rao, [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], D. Th. (Serampore),<br />
**K. Suraj Kumar, [[CBCNC]], [[PhD]] ([[University of Cape Town|Cape Town]]),<br />
**M. John Sundar, CSI, M. Th. (Serampore),<br />
*'''Christian Education'''<br />
**Alice M. Findlay, ABM,<br />
*'''Social Analysis'''<br />
**B. W. David Raju, AELC<br />
*'''Systematic Theology'''<br />
**[[Waldo Penner]], ABM, M. Th. ([[American Baptist Seminary of the West|Berkeley]]): pioneered attempts to found the college with A. B. Masilamani<br />
**[[Ryder Devapriam]], CSI, [[Th.D.]] ([[General Theological Seminary|GTS]]): bishop of the [[Diocese of Nandyal]] and moderator of the Church of South India Synod<br />
**[[Ravela Joseph]], STBC, Th. M. ([[Andover Newton Theological School|Andover]]): church history teacher and lyricist<br />
**B. J. Christie Kumar, STBC, M. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**[[G. Dyvasirvadam]], CSI, [[M.Th.]] (Serampore): present bishop of the [[Krishna-Godavari Diocese]] and moderator of the Church of South India Synod<br />
**[[:de:Jürgen Fangmeier]], EMS, [[Dr. Theol.]] ([[University of Basel|Basel]]): taught [[systematic theology]] from 1987 to 1990<ref>Leonore Krenzlin, Klaus Weigelt (edited), ''Ernst Wiechert im Gespräch: Begegnungen und Einblicke in sein Werk'', De Gruyter, Berlin, 2010, p. 300.[https://books.google.com/books?id=E8PThgA8vroC&dq=jurgen+fangmeier+hyderabad&pg=PA300]</ref><br />
**L. Raymond Waldock, CBM<br />
**M. Rajendra Babu, CSI<br />
**B. J. Moses Shanthi Kumar, CSI<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinitychurchnyc.org/grants-partners/leadership-development/trinity-union-scholars|title=Trinity Union Scholars &#124; Trinity Church|website=trinitychurchnyc.org}}</ref> CSI<ref name="Synod">[[Church of South India Synod]], ''[[Medak Diocese]] Ministerial roll''.[http://www.csisynod.com/Admin/ministerial/53_Ministerial%20Roll%20-%20Medak%20Diocese.pdf]</ref><br />
*'''Practical Theology/Homiletics'''<br />
**[[G. Devasahayam]], AELC, [[S.T.M.]] ([[Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia|Philadelphia]]): third president of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church<br />
**G. Sampurna Rao, AELC, D. Min. (McCormick)<br />
**Manoranjan Luke, [[Methodist Church in India|MCI]]<ref>Dinesh Agarwal, ''Great Struggle: Bishop's Story'', Patridge publishing, 2016.[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2TjCwAAQBAJ&dq=manoranjan%20luke%20methodist&pg=PT16]</ref><br />
**[[Perapogu Joseph]], STBC,<ref>P. Joseph, ''A comparative study of pastoral care in the work of a parish pastor and a hospital chaplain'', [[Brite Divinity School]] Thesis, 1975.[https://repository.tcu.edu/handle/116099117/35012]</ref> Th. M. ([[Brite Divinity School|Brite]]): Former [[Military chaplain]] and [[Pastoral care]] faculty<br />
**[[G. T. Abraham]], CSI, [[Th.M.]] ([[Virginia Theological Seminary|Virginia]]): bishop of the [[Nandyal Diocese]]<br />
**[[K. Reuben Mark]], CSI, PhD ([[Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences|Higginbottom]]): present bishop of [[Karimnagar Diocese]]<br />
**A. John Prabhakar, STBC, D. Th. (Serampore)<br />
*'''Religions'''<br />
**[[W. P. Peery]], ELCA, PhD ([[Duke University|Duke]]): later taught at the [[United Theological College, Bangalore]]<br />
**[[Eric J. Lott]], WMMS, PhD ([[University of Lancaster|Lancaster]]): later taught at the United Theological College, Bangalore<br />
**[[Louis F. Knoll]], ABM, Ph. D. ([[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]]): co-founder of the college<br />
**[[R. R. Sundara Rao]], AELC, PhD ([[Wisconsin University|Wisconsin]]): later principal of the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]] in Chennai<br />
**K. D. G. Prakasa Rao, CBCNC, M. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**P. Alexander, SALC, M.Th. (Serampore)<ref>P. Alexander, ''Religion and Society - The Challenges of Contemporaniety'', CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DA FACULDADES EST, 1., 2012, pp.1717-1732.[http://anais.est.edu.br/index.php/congresso/article/viewFile/134/123]</ref><br />
**N. V. Vijaya Kumari, CSI, M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
**T. Swami Raju, AELC, D.Th. (Serampore)<ref>T. Swami Raju, ''Subaltern Movements: Insights for Inter-faith Dialogue'', 2010. [http://www.edinburgh2010.org/fileadmin/files/edinburgh2010/files/docs/5._Swamiraju.doc]</ref><br />
*'''Church History/History of Christianity'''<br />
**[[B. E. Devaraj]], CSI, [[L.Th.]] (Serampore): wrote the [[Lambadi language|Lambadi]] version of the [[New Testament]]<br />
**W. Gordon Carder, CBM<br />
**Tracy Gipson, ABM<br />
**B. C. Paul, AELC<br />
**C. Yesupadam, AELC<br />
**D. J. Jeremiah, CBCNC<br />
**K. L. Richardson, AELC<br />
**N. V. Grace, AELC<ref>Senate of Serampore College (University), ''Members of the Senate''.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/administration/members-of-the-senate/ Senate of Serampore College (University), Members of the Senate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612163632/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/administration/members-of-the-senate/ |date=12 June 2017 }}</ref><br />
*'''Telugu'''<br />
**P. Dass Babu, CSI<br />
*'''English'''<br />
**LaVerne Louise-Waldock, CBM<br />
*'''Librarianship'''<br />
**Marjorie May Lynch-Gipson, ABM<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Alumni===<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
*'''Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church'''<br />
**[[B. V. Subbamma|Bathineni Venkata Subbamma]], Ph. D. ([[Wittenberg University|Wittenberg]]): first woman senator at Senate of Serampore College (University)<br />
**[[Ch. Victor Moses]], M. Th. (Serampore): twelfth president of the church<br />
**[[V. E. Christopher]], [[Bachelor of Divinity|B. D.]] (Serampore): thirteenth president of the church<br />
**[[B. Suneel Bhanu]], M. Th. (Serampore): fourteenth president of the church<br />
**[[K. Frederick Paradesi Babu]], B. D. (Serampore): current church president<br />
*'''International Pentecostal Holiness Church'''<br />
**[[B. S. Moses Kumar]],<ref>G. Babu Rao, ''Bibliography of some of the writings of Victor Premasagar'' in [[H. S. Wilson]] (Edited), ''The Church on the Move: A Quest to affirm the Biblical Faith'', Christian Literature Society, Madras, 1988, p.157.[https://books.google.com/books?id=S-wrAAAAMAAJ&q=g.+babu+rao+victor+premasagar]</ref> Ph. D. ([[University of Agra|Agra]])<br />
*'''Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars'''<br />
**[[Lalitha Kumari (pastor)|M. S. G. Lalitha Kumari]], B. D. (Serampore): First ordained [[Woman priest]] of the convention<br />
*'''Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches'''<br />
**[[Nalla Thomas|N. Thomas]], B. D. (Serampore); Ecclesiastical Administrator of Samavesam<br />
*'''Church of South India'''<br />
**[[D. N. Samuel]], B. D. (Serampore): fifth bishop of the Diocese of Dornakal<br />
**[[A. Rajarathnam]], B. D. (Serampore): sixth bishop of Dornakal<br />
**[[Samuel Kanaka Prasad]], B. D. (Serampore): sixth bishop of the [[Medak Diocese]]<br />
*'''Church of South India''' (Continued)<br />
**[[B. D. Prasada Rao]], M. Th. (Serampore): Bishop Emeritus of the [[Rayalaseema Diocese]]<br />
**[[Vadapalli Prasada Rao]], B. D. (Serampore): present bishop of Dornakal<br />
**[[Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha]], B. D. (Serampore): present bishop of the Nandyal Diocese<br />
**[[George Cornelious|T. George Cornelious]], B.D. (Serampore): present bishop of Krishna-Godavari Diocese<br />
**[[P. Issac Vara Prasad]], B. Th. (Serampore): present Bishop - in - [[Rayalaseema Diocese]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Board of Governors===<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
*'''Methodist Church in India'''<br />
**Elia Peter, Bishop Emeritus, Hyderabad Regional Conference of Methodist Church in India<br />
**M. A. Daniel, Current Bishop, Hyderabad Regional Conference of Methodist Church in India <br />
*'''South Andhra Lutheran Church'''<br />
**O. Michael Benhur<br />
**K. S. Chandrasekhar<br />
**E. Vijayabhaskar<br />
**K. J. Premkumar<br />
*'''Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church'''<br />
**[[K. Devasahayam]], B. A. (Andhra), B. D. (Serampore), Th. M. (LTSP)<br />
**[[S. W. Schmitthenner]]<br />
**K. Nathaniel L. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**G. Emmanuel L. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**N. Ch. Joseph<br />
*'''Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church'''<br />
**S. Paul Raj<br />
**K. Abraham<br />
*'''Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars'''<br />
**K. P. Israel<br />
**[[S. E. Krupa Rao]], S. T. M. ([[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union]]): [[Patriarch]] of the convention<br />
**C. L. Johnson, B. D. (Serampore)<br />
*'''Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches'''<br />
**B. Victor Emmanuel<br />
**P. Sadanandam<br />
**S. Benjamin<br />
*'''Church of South India'''<br />
**[[Eber Priestley]], B.A. (Birmingham),<br />
**[[H. D. L. Abraham]], B.D. (Serampore)<br />
**[[B. G. Prasada Rao]], B.D. (Serampore), M.Th. (Serampore)<br />
**[[B. P. Sugandhar]], B.D. (Serampore)<br />
**[[A. C. Solomon Raj]], B. D. (Serampore), M. Th. (Serampore)<br />
**[[N. D. Ananda Rao Samuel]]<br />
**[[T. B. D. Prakasa Rao]]<br />
*'''Church of South India''' (Continued)<br />
**[[P. Solomon]]<br />
**[[B. Prabhudass]]<br />
**[[G. Benjamin Devasahayam]]<br />
**[[K. E. Swamidass]]<br />
**[[S. John Theodore]]<br />
**[[P. Surya Prakash]]<br />
**[[G. S. Luke]]<br />
**[[D. N. Samuel]]<br />
**[[B. S. Devamani]]<br />
**[[Clement Venkataramiah]]<br />
**[[Ernest John]]<br />
**[[Pabbathi John]]<br />
**[[P. J. Lawrence]]<br />
**[[L. V. Azariah]], B.D. (Serampore), Th. M. (WTS)<br />
**[[C. B. M. Frederick]], B.D. (Serampore)<br />
**[[K. B. Yesu Vara Prasad]], B.D. (Serampore)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| author=Charles W. Ranson<br />
| title=''The Christian Minister in India, His Vocation and Training: A Study Based on a Survey of Theological Education by the National Christian Council'', United Society for Christian Literature, Lutterworth Press.<br />
| year=1946<br />
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=PVQAAAAAMAAJ&q=seminary+dornakal<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| author=Margaret Eunice Hawkinson [[née]] Coleman<br />
| title=''That they may be one - The Story of the Andhra Christian Theological College'', Published by the Mission Council of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, and printed at the Lenox Press, Madurai<br />
| year=1966<br />
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DsThAAAAMAAJ&q=That+they+may+be+one+-+The+Story+of+the+Andhra+Christian+Theological+College<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| author=M. L. Kretzmann<br />
| title=''Kretzmann Commission Report: a survey and study of the task of theological education in the churches related to the Andhra Christian Theological College'', Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad.<br />
| year=1970<br />
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=gnJZGwAACAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| author=J. Herbert Kane<br />
| title=''A Global View of Christian Missions from Pentecost to the Present'', Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan.<br />
| year=1971<br />
| volume=edition (revised)<br />
| series=Second| url =https://books.google.com/books?q=seminary+dornakal&btnG=Search+Books<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite thesis<br />
| author=Senftleben, Martin<br />
| title=''Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh.'' Unpublished PhD thesis, Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati<br />
| year=1992<br />
| volume=I<br />
| url=http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf<br />
| access-date=5 March 2006<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131403/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf<br />
| archive-date=9 December 2008<br />
| url-status=dead}}{{self-published inline|date=January 2024|reason=This unpublished thesis is not a peer-reviewed journal article}}<br />
* {{cite thesis<br />
| author= <br />
| title=''Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh.'' Unpublished PhD thesis, Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati<br />
| year=1992<br />
| volume=II<br />
| url=http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis2.pdf<br />
| access-date=1 July 2006<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131418/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis2.pdf<br />
| archive-date=9 December 2008<br />
| url-status=dead}}{{self-published inline|date=January 2024|reason=This unpublished thesis is not a peer-reviewed journal article}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| author=Talathoti Punnaiah<br />
| title=''My Memoir, Ministry and Message - 60 years Life Experiences 1950-2010''<br />
| year=2010<br />
}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2024|reason=Is this a book or some other pubilcation? More details are needed to make it discoverable}}<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| author=P. Satyanarayana, Emmanuel D.K. Meduri<br />
| title=''Use of Distance Education by Christian Religion to Train, Edify and Educate Adherents'' in Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education<br />
| date=April 2013<br />
| volume=14<br />
| issue=2<br />
| url =https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1013727.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1964 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Anglican seminaries and theological colleges]]<br />
[[Category:Christian seminaries and theological colleges in India]]<br />
[[Category:Colleges in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]<br />
[[Category:Reformed church seminaries and theological colleges]]<br />
[[Category:Seminaries and theological colleges affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Church of South India]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Baptist Ministries]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ribansi_Jamu&diff=530441Ribansi Jamu2026-04-08T20:38:57Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian football player}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Ribansi Jamu<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| fullname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2008|12|16|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Meghalaya]], India<br />
| height = 1.66 m<ref name="AFC-squad-list">{{cite web |title=2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup Squad Lists |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/2026_AFC_U20_Womens_Asian_Cup/Finals/Downloads/Squads/AFC-U20-Women's-Asian-Cup-2026---squads.pdf?source=url |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=31 March 2026 }}</ref><br />
| position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]<br />
| clubnumber = 49<br />
| years1 = 2022–2023<br />
| clubs1 = Laitkor Rngi SC<br />
| caps1 = <br />
| goals1 = <br />
| years2 = 2024–<br />
| clubs2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]<br />
| caps2 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
| nationalyears1 = 2025–<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 2<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 0<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2025–<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 1<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 0<br />
| club-update = <br />
| nationalteam-update = 25 October 2025<br />
}}<br />
'''Ribansi Jamu''' (born 16 December 2008) is an Indian professional footballer from [[Meghalaya]] who plays as a goalkeeper for the club [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United Football Club]] in the [[Indian Women's League 2]] and the [[India women's national football team]]. She is a product of [[Bhaichung Bhutia Football Schools|Baichung Bhutia Football Schools]] programme.<br />
<br />
== Early life and career ==<br />
Jamu is from [[Shillong]], Meghalaya. <br />
<br />
She played in the [[SSA Women's Football League|Shillong Sports Association Women’s Football League]], the top league in Shillong, Meghalaya, for Laitkor Rngi Sports Club women’s team. Later, she joined the Baichung Bhutia Football Schools Residential Academy at [[Nashik]], Maharashtra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Room |first=The Sports |date=2023-08-07 |title=Another Laitkor women's player heads to BBFS academy in Nashik {{!}} The Sports Room |url=https://thesportsroom.in/2023/08/07/another-laitkor-womens-player-bbfs-academy-in-nashik/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> In May 2024, she played for [[Football Delhi]] in the 28th [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=28th Senior Women's National Football Championship for Rajmata Jijabai Trophy 2023-24 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/32811 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref> In 2022, playing for Sati Raja Memorial SS of Ri-Bhoi, she was declared as the best goalkeeper in the under 17 girls division of the state level Subroto Cup.<ref name=":0" /> <br />
<br />
=== International career ===<br />
She was selected in the 23-player Indian squad by Indian coach [[Joakim Alexandersson]] and she played the second FIFA international friendlies against [[Maldives women's national football team|Maldives]] on January 2 at the [[Padukone - Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence|Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence]] in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-29 |title=India women's football team coach Alexandersson announced 23-member squad for Maldives friendly |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-team-23-member-squad-maldives-friendly-full-team-venue-time/article69039441.ece |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India complete a Maldives massacre in FIFA Women's Friendly |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/india-complete-a-maldives-massacre-in-fifa-womens-friendly20241230205547/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-30 |title=9 from NE in 23-member Women's India Football Squad |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/9-from-ne-in-23-member-womens-india-football-squad-to-play-friendlies-against-maldives/#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref> In that match, she made her senior India debut as a substitute coming off the bench to replace [[Nandini (footballer)|Nandini]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-30 |title=International Friendly: Indian Women's NT demolish Malidves 14-0 |url=https://theawayend.co/2024/12/30/international-friendly-indian-womens-nt-demolish-malidves-14-0/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Away End |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Debutant Lhingdeikim Lights Up The Show With Four Goals As India Maul Maldives 11-1 {{!}} Football News |url=https://www.news18.com/football/debutant-lhingdeikim-lights-up-the-show-with-four-goals-as-india-maul-maldives-11-1-9175527.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandersson makes six changes in squad for second Maldives FIFA friendly |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2025/01/01/spd5-spo-foot-wom-ind.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She represented the Indian under 20 football team in the [[Pink Ladies Cup|Pink Ladies International Youth Cup]] at [[Turkey]].<br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===International===<br />
{{Updated|2 January 2025}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=1|[[India women's national football team|India]]<br />
|2025<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2|Total<br />
!1<br />
!0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamu, Ribansi}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2008 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Women's association football goalkeepers]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shillong]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Women's League 2 players]]<br />
[[Category:Garhwal United FC players]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joto_Kando_Kolkatatei&diff=506612Joto Kando Kolkatatei2026-04-05T14:10:16Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 Indian Bengali film by Anik Dutta}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Joto Kando Kolkatatei<br />
| image = File:Joto Kando Kolkatatei Poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Announcement poster<br />
| alt = <br />
| director = [[Anik Dutta]]<br />
| producer = [[Firdausul Hasan]] <br/> Prabal Halder<br />
| screenplay = Anik Dutta <br/> Utsav Mukherjee<br />
| story = Anik Dutta<br />
| starring = [[Abir Chatterjee]] <br/> [[Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed]]<br />
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]<br />
| cinematography = Indranath Marick<br />
| editing = [[Arghyakamal Mitra]]<br />
| studio = Friends Communication<br />
| distributor = [[PVR Inox Pictures]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|09|26}}<br />
| runtime = 127 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| gross = <br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Joto Kando Kolkatatei''''' is a 2025 Indian Bengali [[Mystery film|detective mystery thriller film]] directed by [[Anik Dutta]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Piya |title=Joto Kando Kolkatatei seems to be like a natural successor to Satyajit Ray's stories and iconic characters |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/joto-kando-kolkatatei-seems-to-be-like-a-natural-successor-to-satyajit-ray-s-stories-and-iconic-characters/2001083 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=13 September 2025}}</ref> Produced by Firdausul Hasan and Prabal Halder under the banner of Friends Communication, the film stars [[Abir Chatterjee]] and [[Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed]] in the lead roles. Written by Dutta along with Utsav Mukherjee, it marked Nawshaba's Tollywood debut.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title=Anik Datta-Abir Chatterjee: কাঠমাণ্ডু নয়, অনীক দত্তের জন্য এবার 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই', থাকছেন আবির |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anik-datta-directorial-starring-abir-chatterjee-joto-kando-kolkatatei-will-release-on-puja-2024-31692861438814.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831072618/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anik-datta-directorial-starring-abir-chatterjee-joto-kando-kolkatatei-will-release-on-puja-2024-31692861438814.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The music has been composed by [[Debojyoti Mishra]]. Indranath Marick did the cinematography while [[Arghyakamal Mitra]] handled the editing. It was released in the theatres on 26 September 2025, on the occasion of Durga Puja 2025, to positive reviews from the critics as well as the audience alike. The film emerged as a box office success.<ref>{{cite news |title=ছবি ভাল হলে 'পাশে দাঁড়ান' বলতে হয় না, 'দেবী চৌধুরাণী', 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'-এর সাফল্যে শুভ্রজিৎ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/anik-dutts-joto-kando-kolkatatei-and-shubhrajit-mitras-devi-chaudhuraani-are-doing-good-business-without-any-publicity-dgtl/cid/1637072 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=1 October 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Rohini |title=Glimpses from the success party of Joto Kando Kolkatatei |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/glimpses-from-the-success-party-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei/2001525 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=10 October 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Saba ([[Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed]]), a young woman from [[Dhaka]], arrives in [[Kolkata]] to uncover her ancestral roots through an old photograph of her maternal grandparents, who belong to Kolkata. Her search led her to cross paths with Toposmitro, {{aka}} Topshe ([[Abir Chatterjee]]), a private detective who is heavily inspired by Feluda. They embark on a search across various locations in Kolkata, Kurseong, and Darjeeling, solving a trail of riddles and clever puzzles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kundu |first1=Kasturi |title=তোপসের জুতোয় পা 'গোয়েন্দা' আবীরের, পুজোয় কলকাতার কোন রহস্য উন্মোচন করবেন অভিনেতা? |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/bengali-actor-abir-chatterjee-will-be-seen-as-topse-in-anik-datta-upcoming-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-9636269 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=7 August 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
Source:<ref>{{cite news |title=পুজোয় 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'! দুই বাংলার নতুন রসায়নে চমক নওশাবা-আবির জুটি |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/joto-kando-kolkatatei-in-pujo-release-nowshaba-abir-pair-surprises-with-new-chemistry-between-two-bengalis/tid/166345 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=The Wall |date=15 July 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
* [[Abir Chatterjee]] as Topesh Mitra {{aka}} Topshe<br />
* [[Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed]] as Saba<br />
* Roja Paromita Dey as Suzie, an Anglo Indian nightclub singer, Saba's maternal grandmother<br />
* Rik Chattopadhyay as Alok Roychowdhury, Suzie's lover, Saba's maternal grandfather <br />
* [[Dulal Lahiri]] as the old man at barrister bari<br />
* [[Mithu Chakraborty]] as the old man's wife<br />
* [[Aparajita Ghosh Das|Aparajita Ghosh]] as their daughter-in-law<br />
* Rajat Ganguly<br />
* Soumya Sengupta<br />
* [[Anindya Pulak Banerjee]]<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Announcement ===<br />
The film was announced with an announcement poster on 24 August 2023. It revealed the title of the film along with the names of the lead cast, the director, editor, cinematographer, art director, costume designer, and music composer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title='যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই', অনীক দত্তর মগজাস্ত্রে টলিউডে নতুন গোয়েন্দা আবির |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/anik-dutta-announces-detective-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-with-abir/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=24 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> The poster featured many iconic elements of the Kolkata cityscape in the backdrop, including the [[Yellow cab#India|yellow Ambassador]] and the heritage [[Trams in Kolkata|Kolkata trams]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Anik Dutta starts shooting for 'Joto Kando Kolkatate' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/anik-dutta-starts-shooting-for-joto-kando-kolkatate/articleshow/103658912.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=14 September 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
The film's title, ''Joto Kando Kolkatatei'', has an allusion to [[Satyajit Ray]]'s "Joto Kando Kathmandute". It has multiple references to different ''[[Feluda (series)|Feluda]]'' novels written by Satyajit Ray.<ref>{{cite news |last1=রায় |first1=তানিয়া |title='স্বাদ আছে, তবে এটি ফেলুদার গল্প নয়', নতুন ছবিতে সত্যজিৎ রায়কে শ্রদ্ধা জানিয়ে দাবি অনীকের |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/anik-dutta-pays-homage-to-satyajit-ray-but-makes-it-clear-the-story-is-his-own/200421778.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=28 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> Initially, the film was named ''Hemenbabaur Heyali'' but was later changed to ''Joto Kando Kolkatatei'' because "it isn't only about a ''heyali''," as per the director.<ref name="ETV">{{cite news |title=ফেলুদা নয়, এবার রহস্য সমাধানে 'তোপসে' আবির |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!entertainment/abir-chatterjee-starrer-joto-kando-kolkatatei-teaser-out-directed-by-anik-datta-west-bengal-news-wbs25080801070 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]] |date=8 August 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> In an interview, director Anik Dutta said that ''Joto Kando Kolkatatei'' is an original story in itself and also serves as a tribute to Satyajit Ray for having the flavour of Ray's ''Feluda'' novels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anik Dutta calls new film homage to Satyajit Ray, insists storyline is original |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anik-dutta-calls-new-film-homage-to-satyajit-ray-insists-storyline-is-original-101759051771647.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=28 September 2025}}</ref> <br />
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Dutta had written the script many years ago, but he couldn't start the filming owing to casting and production issues.<ref name="tele">{{cite news |last1=Brahma |first1=Sanjali |title=Mystery, music, and a Feluda-esque Riddle: Joto Kando Kolkatatei trailer promises nostalgia and urban lore |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/mystery--music--and-a-feluda-esque-riddle--joto-kando-kolkatatei-trailer-promises-nostalgia-and-urban-lore/2001160 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> He got the idea of making this film on Satyajit Ray's centenary year. He named his lead Topshe, because as per him, "It was easier to be Topshe than [[Feluda]]. Feluda was too perfect, too sharp. Topshe was the boy who saw, who narrated. He was us."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brahma |first1=Sanjali |title=From Bhooter Bhabishyat to Joto Kando Kolkatatei: director Anik Dutta talks about Satyajit Ray, Feluda and the city that raised him |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/from-bhooter-bhabishyat-to-joto-kando-kolkatatei--director-anik-dutta-talks-about-satyajit-ray--feluda-and-the-city-that-raised-him/2001185 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=20 September 2025}}</ref> He mentioned that the character is inspired by, but is not the actual, [[Topshe]] from the Feluda series.<ref>{{cite news |last1=দত্ত |first1=অরণ্যা |title=তোপসের দুর্ধর্ষ অভিযান! রহস্য, রোমাঞ্চ, শিকড়ের টানে ফিরছে অনীকের 'যত কান্ড কলকাতাতেই' |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/mystery-emotion--a-new-detective-in-town-anik-duttas-joto-kando-kolkatatei-promises-a-thrilling-journey-through-kolkata-and-beyond/tid/168961 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=The Wall |date=7 August 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> <br />
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The director added in an interview that when he thought about writing a story, keeping the character of Topshe in the center, he wanted to mold the character of ''Topshe'' from Satyajit Ray's ''Feluda'' novels in a new way, but he couldn't write a ''Feluda'' script owing to copyright issues. Later, he spoke with Satyajit Ray's son, [[Sandip Ray]], regarding the permission and copyright infringement. Receiving a green signal, he sent the partially completed script to producer Firdausal Hasan, who insisted he carry on and complete the story.<ref name="ETV"/><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
[[Abir Chatterjee]] was cast as the male lead of the film in 2022. [[Madhumita Sarcar]] was initially cast as the female lead of the film,<ref>{{cite news |title=পুজোয় বড় পর্দায় গোয়েন্দার স্বাদ, প্রকাশ্যে 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতায়' প্রথম ঝলক |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/bengali-film-director-anik-dutta-joto-kando-kolkatatei-to-be-released-on-puja-2024/103050419.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=25 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> but she was later replaced by [[Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed]], owing to Sircar's non-availability on the filming dates allotted.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |title=B'desh in Tolly defines narrative of discord in film fraternity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bdesh-in-tolly-defies-narrative-of-discord-in-film-fraternity/articleshow/123149356.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=7 August 2025}}</ref> This film marked the Tollywood debut for Nawshaba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abir- Anik New Film: ব্যোমকেশ- ফেলুদার পর নতুন গোয়েন্দা চরিত্রে আবির, পুজোয় আসছে অনীকের ছবি |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/abir-chatterjee-anik-dutta-new-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-detective-story-to-release-on-durga-puja-2024-new-bengali-detective-character-soc-639713-2023-08-24 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=24 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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Director Anik Dutta saw some open letters that Nawshaba used to write in her father's memory during the end of 2022 on Facebook. Dutta made her the first informal offer via commenting under one of the open letters she has posted on Facebook. In an interview, she said that she didn't know if the "[[Anik Dutta]]" who had offered her a role under her Facebook post was genuine or not. Later her friends told her that it's the director himself and not anyone fake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=দাস |first1=সম্পিতা |title=অশান্ত বাংলাদেশে দুর্গা সেজে শুট করছি, এসে জড়িয়ে ধরলেন বোরখা পরিহিত এক মহিলা : নওসাবা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/anik-dutta-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-actress-qazi-nawshaba-ahmed-interview-on-her-journey-dgtl/cid/1635394 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=24 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> She added that the director had sent her a part of the script and asked her to record and send it to him. This online audition went on for weeks as Dutta used to send her script snippets and she continued to send her audition clips to him. After three months, she was informed that she had been selected for the film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Arani |title=পুজোয় 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'! ছবি মুক্তির আগে নায়িকা নওশাবা বলছেন, 'কলকাতা একটা অনুভূতি' |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/joto-kando-kolkatatei-film-actress-kazi-nawshaba-ahmed-said-kolkata-is-a-feeling/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=19 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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=== Pre-production ===<br />
In the "Nightclub Song", to recreate the authentic nightclub culture of the city and the lifestyle of the elite class of the 60s era, the director and his team—costume designer Suchismita Dasgupta and art director Ananda Adya—relied on old photographs from the 60s era shared by the Trincas owner and anecdotes that he shared with them, which he had heard from his forefathers. To suit the dressing of that era, the men were dressed in three-piece suits with bow ties, and the females were dressed in georgettes and chiffons with either pearl or diamond necklaces.<ref name="t2">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Piya |title=Anik Datta's new film Joto Kando Kolkatatei, which pays tribute to Ray's Feluda, has a throwback to Calcutta of the 'Swinging Sixties' |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/anik-datta-s-new-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-which-pays-tribute-to-ray-s-feluda-has-a-throwback-to-calcutta-of-the-swinging-sixties-/580577 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=22 September 2023}}</ref> <br />
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The director mentioned in an interview "Apart from costumes, furniture and other light and décor pieces, appropriate crockery, cutlery, musical instruments, and many more accessories had to be procured to generate the correct ambience." The director also added "I constantly balance the expenses with the required effect so that it didn’t turn out looking tacky or fake." Suchismita Dasgupta mentioned in an interview "We have tried to follow the fashion trend from that time. We have taken references of Bengali and English movies from that time. Roja’s dress and gloves were bought at a vintage store in Oxford. We used silk saris and long and midi dresses for the female crowd, while the men wore suits or trousers and dinner jackets. Paroma Banerjee was kind enough to lend us saris from her brand Kalakriti, as her signature print saris are very retro in nature, and went perfectly with the scene."<ref name="t2"/><br />
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=== Filming ===<br />
The first scene of the film was shot for the "Nightclub Song" in September 2023, in which the director tried to recreate the [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]] of 60's [[Calcutta]]. The song was shot in "Trincas", which is one of the oldest colonial-era restaurants in Calcutta. The schedule at Trincas started at midnight and was wrapped up at 8 am the next morning. Roja Paromita Dey shared her experience about how she had to repeat her steps every time for being in the background when close-up shots of cigar smoke or wine being poured in a glass were being taken. Roja also said that she has choreographed the song herself.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Saionee |title=Roja Paromita Dey recreates retro nostalgia in a t2ONLINE special shoot, ahead of the release of her film Joto Kando Kolkatatei |url=https://t2online.in/goodlife/fashion-beauty/roja-paromita-dey-recreates-retro-nostalgia-in-a-t2online-special-shoot--ahead-of-the-release-of-her-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei/2001037 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> <br />
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The film is based in the present day but occasionally goes back to the 1960s while solving the cues. The major part of the shooting has been done in [[Kolkata]], while some scenes have been shot in [[Darjeeling]] and [[Kurseong]] in [[North Bengal]].<ref name="ETV"/> Due to his poor health, the director missed the outdoor shooting schedules in Darjeeling in November. He also missed a few schedules in Kolkata. But the executive producer, Saptarshi Majumder, senior assistant director, and cinematographer, managed to complete the schedule, avoiding any wastage of the available dates.<ref name="tele"/> Dutta was in touch with his team, advising them and solving any issues they faced during the shoot.<ref>{{cite news |last1=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় |first1=স্রবন্তী |title='পুজোর সময় মানেই হরির লুট, তাতে যা পাওয়া যায়', ছবিমুক্তি ও প্রচার নিয়ে অকপট অনীক |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/anik-dutta-on-his-pujo-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-and-cinema-industry-dgtl/cid/1636230 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=27 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> <br />
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In Kolkata, the filming was done across multiple locations, including an old house in [[Beleghata]], which is locally known as the "Barrister bari", and [[St. John's Church, Kolkata|St. John's Church]] in Dalhousie. Scenes were also filmed at "[[The Russell Exchange]]", an old antique shop, the "[[Bourne & Shepherd]]" and the "Calcutta and Tribe Café". The director said that he had planned to shoot a few scenes in [[Bow Barracks]], but owing to some unforeseen circumstances, they had to film the scene in a studio. In [[Kurseong]], most of the filming was done in and around a dilapidated church. An infirmary and charitable hospital was recreated at the [[Mount Hermon School, Darjeeling|Mount Hermon School]] in Darjeeling. A few scenes have also been filmed at the [[Chowrasta (Darjeeling)|Darjeeling Mall]] and [[Glenary's]]. A pivotal sequence was shot in the tea gardens of [[Giddapahar|Gidda Hills]]. The entire filming was completed within a month.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Piya |title=Anik Datta talks about the shooting experience of Joto Kando Kolkatatei, which is peppered with references to Feluda |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/anik-datta-talks-about-the-shooting-experience-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei-which-is-peppered-with-references-to-feluda/678744 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=11 December 2023}}</ref><br />
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=== Post production ===<br />
The post production and editing work started in early December 2023. Dutta's frequent collaborator [[Arghyakamal Mitra]] handled the editing.<ref>{{cite news |title='আমার দেখা শহরটা আর নেই', নিজের ছবিতে কোন 'কলকাতা'কে দেখাবেন অনীক? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/video/bengali-film-director-anik-dutta-talks-about-his-upcoming-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-dgtl/cid/1480974 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=12 December 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> On 30 August 2025, Abir completed his patch dubbing for the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=ছবিমুক্তিতে বাধা দেওয়ার হলে গত পরশু কেন 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'-এর প্যাচ ডাবিং করলাম: আবীর |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/actor-abir-chatterjee-clarified-his-position-regarding-the-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-dgtl/cid/1629987 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=1 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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As per the storyline, since the character belongs to Dhaka, the director required an actress who could speak in the "Bangal" accent. But after completing the filming, Nawshaba couldn't come back to India owing to visa issues and hence couldn't complete the last part of her dubbing. The remaining portion of her dubbing was completed by Roja Paromita Dey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=দত্ত |first1=নবনীতা |title=অনীক দত্ত |url=https://www.aaroananda.com/story/entertainment-news/celebrity-interviews/film-promotion-challenges-joto-kando-kolkatatei/10970987 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=Aro Anondo |date=5 October 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> The director chose Paromita to dub for Nawshaba's character after he got to know that Paromita has her ancestral roots in Bangladesh and she is capable of speaking the Bangladeshi dialect.<ref>{{cite news |title=ঋণী নওসাবা-বিবৃতি? অনীক-শুভ্রজিতের সাফল্যের অংশীদার এঁরাও! কী এমন করেছেন রোজা-ফিরদৌসি? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/roja-paromita-dey-and-firdausi-basu-did-dubbing-in-joto-kando-kolkatatei-and-devi-chowdhurani-movie-dgtl/cid/1637403 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=3 October 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Joto Kando Kolkatatei<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2025<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = Jonz’s Audio <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 11:49<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| label = <br />
| producer = <br />
| misc = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music of the film has been composed by [[Debojyoti Mishra]]. The lyrics have been penned by Rangan Chakraborty, Aparajita Barai, [[Anik Dutta]] and Amrita Chattopadhyay. <br />
<br />
The first song "Joto Kando Kolkatatei Title Track" was released on 17 August 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Title track of Joto Kando Kolkatatei released, capturing the spirit of Kolkata |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/title-track-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei-released-capturing-the-spirit-of-kolkata/articleshow/123358280.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=18 August 2025}}</ref> It has a [[Mozart]] composition blend with original elements to avoid copyright issues.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. Roy |first1=Priyanka |title=Filmmaker Anik Dutta decodes Joto Kando Kolkatatei and talks about its success |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/filmmaker-anik-dutta-decodes-joto-kando-kolkatatei-and-talks-about-its-success/2001634 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=17 October 2025}}</ref> The second single "Nightclub Song" was dropped on 22 August 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Piya |title=A song from Joto Kando Kolkatatei offers a throwback to the metropolitan lifestyle of 1960s Calcutta |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/a-song-from-joto-kando-kolkatatei-offers-a-throwback-to-the-metropolitan-lifestyle-of-1960s-calcutta/2000738 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=24 August 2025}}</ref> The third song "Rooftop Song" was released on 3 September 2025. The singers Abhijit Barman (Pota) and Mousumi Datta are present on-screen, singing this song at an event in the film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Piya |title=The Rooftop Song from Joto Kando Kolkatatei is a lively number that reflects the film's core themes |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-rooftop-song-from-joto-kando-kolkatatei-is-a-lively-number-that-reflects-the-film-s-core-themes/2000961 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=5 September 2025}}</ref> The fourth song "Mountain Song" was released on 17 September 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mountain Song (From "Joto Kando Kolkatatei") - Single |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/mountain-song-from-joto-kando-kolkatatei-single/1837920394 |access-date=11 November 2025 |work=Apple Music |date=17 September 2025}}</ref><br />
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{{Tracklist<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| total_length = 11:49<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Joto Kando Kolkatatei Title Track<br />
| length1 = 3:09<br />
| lyrics1 = Rangan Chakraborty<br />
| extra1 = [[Upal Sengupta]], [[Anindya Chatterjee]]<br />
| title2 = Nightclub Song<br />
| length2 = 1:57<br />
| lyrics2 = Aparajita Barai<br />
| extra2 = Tanya Sen<br />
| title3 = Rooftop Song<br />
| length3 = 3:44<br />
| lyrics3 = Rangan Chakraborty<br />
| extra3 = Abhijit Barman (Pota), Mousumi Datta<br />
| title4 = Mountain Song<br />
| length4 = 2:59<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Anik Dutta]], [[Amrita Chattopadhyay]]<br />
| extra4 = [[Arko Mukhaerjee]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Marketing ==<br />
The teaser was released on 7 August 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman |title=Joto Kando Kolkatatei teaser unveiled, Abir Chatterjee steps into the detective's shoes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/joto-kando-kolkatatei-teaser-unveiled-abir-chatterjee-steps-into-the-detectives-shoes/articleshow/123165172.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=7 August 2025}}</ref> The teaser displayed that although the film is based in the present, it often reiterates the old Calcutta nostalgia, delving into the 60s while solving the cues.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brahma |first1=Sanjali |title=Topshe calls the shots in the intriguing teaser of Joto Kando Kolkatatei, which reimagines the idea of mystery-solving |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/topshe-calls-the-shots-in-the-intriguing-teaser-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei--which-reimagines-the-idea-of-mystery-solving/2000410 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=7 August 2025}}</ref><br />
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The trailer was released on 10 September 2025. The trailer launch event was held at the [[PVR INOX]] in [[South City Mall]], [[Kolkata]]. The event was hosted by [[Pratim D. Gupta]]. Abir Chatterjee was absent at the event owing to his contract with Windows Production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anik Dutta unveils trailer of Joto Kando Kolkatatei |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/anik-dutta-unveils-trailer-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei/articleshow/123850928.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=12 September 2025}}</ref> Producer said "I requested Abir to be present at the trailer launch event. But he didn't come. I will invite him in the future events too. The remaining is up to him."<ref>{{cite news |last1=ঘোষ |first1=দেবলীনা |title=ট্রেলার লঞ্চেও বিরক্তি প্রকাশ প্রযোজক ও পরিচালকের |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/upcoming-movie-joto-kando-kolkatay-is-going-to-be-released-this-durga-puja/200417444.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=17 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> Director added that he asked Abir if coming to the trailer launch is also a part of "promotional activities" but he alleged that Abir didn't reply him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Arpita |title="আবীরকে শেষবার মেসেজ করেছিলাম, উত্তর দেয়নি"- 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'-এর ট্রেলার লঞ্চে অকপট অনীক দত্ত |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/tollywood-actor-abir-chatterjee-was-not-present-during-the-trailer-launch-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei-126780 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Aajkal]] |date=12 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
The "Nightclub Song" release event was held at the Trincas, the same place where the song sequence was filmed. It displayed the jazz culture prominent in 60s Calcutta.<ref>{{cite news |title=Joto Kando Kolkatatei' to bring 1960s Calcutta alive this puja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/joto-kando-kolkatatei-to-bring-1960s-calcutta-alive-this-puja/articleshow/123578008.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=29 August 2025}}</ref> The original singer and composer of the song, Tanya Sen and [[Debojyoti Mishra]] respectively, sang the song. Roja Paromita Dey and Rik Chatterjee impersonated their characters from the film and performed their dance from the eponymous song sequence in the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tanya Sen & Debojyoti Mishra lit up Trincas as Roja Paromita Dey & Rik Chatterjee danced to the Nightclub Song from Joto Kando Kolkatatei |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/tanya-sen---debojyoti-mishra-lit-up-trincas-as-roja-paromita-dey---rik-chatterjee-danced-to-the-nightclub-song-from-joto-kando-kolkatatei/2000826 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The premiere took place on 25 September 2025 in the absence of Abir Chatterjee.<ref>{{cite news |last1=বিশ্বাস |first1=মধুলিমা |title=আবিরকে ছাড়াই 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতে'র প্রিমিয়ার |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/video/bengali-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-is-directed-by-anik-datta-240037 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Aajkal]] |date=25 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> The special screening of the film was held on 18 October 2025. Abir was present at the event. Before the screening started, the director suddenly faced difficulty in breathing. After taking inhaler and acute rest, he recovered and joined the screening midway.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das Banerjee |first1=Swati |title='যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই' স্পেশাল স্ক্রিনিংয়ে আচমকা অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়েন অনীক দত্ত, কী হল পরিচালকের? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bangla/entertainment/anik-dutta-suddenly-suddenly-felt-illness-at-the-special-screening-of-joto-kando-kolkatatei-271760800197165.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=18 October 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
The filming started in September 2023. Initially, the post production was scheduled to end by July 2024 and the film was planned to release in Durga Puja 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=পুজোর ছবির তালিকায় নতুন সংযোজন! থাকতে পারে অনীক দত্তের 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjee-starrer-detective-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-directed-by-anik-dutta-is-to-be-released-on-durga-puja-2024-dgtl/cid/1528731 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=5 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> But upon Abir's request, the producer delayed its release. But in 2025, when the producer wanted to release it during the Durga Puja, Abir once again requested him to delay its release since he would not be able to be a part of the promotions due to his contract signed with Windows Productions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Riya |title=Tollywood: 'আবীরেরই যত আপত্তি...!' পুজোতে কি আদৌ মুক্তি পাবে 'যত কান্ড কলকাতাতেই'? মুখ খুললেন প্রযোজক |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-news-will-anik-dutts-film-joto-kando-kolkatatei-be-released-during-puja-2025-rds-2324895.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[News18]] |date=1 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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The film was finally released on 26 September 2025 on the occasion of Durga Puja.<ref>{{cite news |title='Raghu Dakat' to 'Raktabeej 2': New Bengali films and web series releasing this Durga Puja |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/raghu-dakat-raktabeej-2-and-other-bengali-films-and-web-series-releasing-this-durga-puja-photogallery/cid/2124516 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=23 September 2025}}</ref> It clashed with the simultaneous Bengali releases ''[[Raghu Dakat]]'', ''[[Raktabeej 2]]'' and ''[[Devi Chowdhurani (2025 film)|Devi Chowdhurani]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |title=Rain gods join Tolly screen war this Puja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rain-gods-join-tolly-screen-war-this-puja/articleshow/124096751.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=25 September 2025}}</ref><br />
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=== Home media ===<br />
''Joto Kando Kolkatatei'' had its OTT premiere on [[ZEE5|ZEE5 Bangla]] on 9th January 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Arpita |title=Joto Kando Kolkatatei out on OTT: Where to watch Abir Chatterjee’s hit Bengali detective thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/joto-kando-kolkatatei-out-on-ott-where-to-watch-abir-chatterjees-hit-bengali-detective-thriller/15f43c4c97485 |access-date=9 January 2026 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |date=9 January 2026}}</ref><br />
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== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
Agnivo Niyogi of ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' reviewed he film and wrote "Joto Kando Kolkatatei is Dutta’s most explicit homage to Ray, presented under the guise of a detective mystery. The end product, however, is less of a gripping thriller and more of an indulgent nostalgia piece that often feels flat." He mentioned although the film has a ''Feluda'' charm on papers, real tension is not visible in the execution. He criticized the easily predictable twists, the lack of genuine suspense and slow pace of the film. He praised Abir's performance but mentioned it to be similar to his role in his other detective films. He additionally praised the cinematography, music and background score which according to him, "helped to rediscover Kolkata and its ancient charms."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Niyogi |first1=Agnivo |title='Joto Kando Kolkatatei': Crisp cinematography rescues a bland tribute to Satyajit Ray |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/duttas-nostalgic-but-bland-tribute-to-satyajit-ray-that-forgets-to-thrill/cid/2125604 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=30 September 2025}}</ref><br />
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Eshna Bhattacharya of the ''[[Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and noted "The film is witty but indulgent, affectionate but occasionally clumsy, clever in concept but uneven in execution. Its strengths lie in its atmosphere, performances, music, and its unwavering love for the city. Its weaknesses lie in pacing, predictability, and the occasional implausibility of its central mystery." She praised Abir, Dulal Lahiri, Rik Chatterjee and Paromita Dey's performance besides praising the crisp dialogues. She criticized the easy predictability of the twists, over excessive supporting characters, weak execution of the painting idea and slow pace of the film. But she praised the rejuvenating cinematography, the lively colour palettes and the nostalgic music of the film which she termed as "the soul of the film."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Eshna |title=Joto Kando Kolkatatei Movie Review: This engaging whodunit captures Kolkata at its nostalgic best |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/jotokandokolkatatei/movie-review/124159074.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=26 September 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref><br />
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Rahul Majumder of ''[[Aajkal]]'' reviewed the film and noted "The director has projected the city of Kolkata not as a backdrop, but as a living entity which is the lead character of the film. The film is not only a tribute to Satyajit Ray, but a drawing of the city's history and culture." He praised the "Feluda-stic" dialogues, the mystery, the old Calcutta nostalgia, the lively portrayal of the city, the suspense, the cinematography and the music but bemoaned the pace. He praised the acting of the lead duo as well as the limited screen presence of Dulal Lahiri and Anindya Pulak Banerjee. He also applauded Roja Paromita Dey's dubbing for the character of Saba.<ref>{{cite news |last1=মজুমদার |first1=রাহুল |title=যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই: পুরনো কলকাতায় ফেলুদাকে শ্রদ্ধা জানিয়ে দুরন্ত 'কাণ্ড' ঘটালেন অনীক |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/joto-kando-kolkata-tei-review-feluda-s-charm-meets-modern-adventure-in-anik-dutta-s-direction-105758 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Aajkal]] |date=27 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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Sandipta Bhanja of ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'' reviewed the film and wrote "The filmmaking clearly depicts a Feluda tone but the storytelling blurs the line between fact and fiction. The film delves into the soul of Calcutta takes us through the ancient nostalgia revolving around the city." Although she bemoaned the dialogues, slow screenplay and the lack of strong acting, she mentioned that the light-hearted tone throughout the film makes amends for the faults.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title='যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই' রিভিউ: ফেলুদাকে শ্রদ্ধার্ঘ্য জানিয়ে কলকাতাকে খুঁজলেন 'তোপসে' আবির |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/anik-dutta-helmed-abir-chatterjee-starrer-joto-kando-kolkatatei-film-review/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=26 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> Subhodeep Bandyopadhyay of ''The Wall'' rated the film 8/10 stars and opined "Anik Datta has broken the age old palette of Bengali detective films by inculcating a flavor of romance and sensualism in ''Joto Kando Kolkatatei''." He praised the music, cinematography, makeup artists and the performances of the ensemble cast but mentioned that the climax and screenplay could have been more intact.<ref>{{cite news |last1=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় |first1=শুভদীপ |title=জমজমাট 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই', প্রেম করলেন গোয়েন্দা তোপসে! সত্যজিৎ যা করেননি, অনীক করলেন |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/jotokando-kolkatatei-anik-duttas-pujo-release-film-starring-abir-chatterjee-movie-review/tid/174133 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=The Wall |date=25 September 2025 |language=bn}}{{rating|8|10}}</ref><br />
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== Controversy ==<br />
Initially the film was scheduled to release in Durga Puja 2024. But producer Firdausal Hasan delayed the release owing to Abir's contract issues.<ref>{{cite news |title=এ বারের শারদীয়া আবীরের! চারটে দিন বড় পর্দা জুড়ে নায়ক থাকবেন দুই রূপে, কী ভাবে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/when-is-anik-dutts-film-jaati-kanda-releasing-in-kolkata-dgtl/cid/1617837 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=11 July 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> Per reports, Abir had signed a contract with Windows Production, according to which, for three consecutive Durga Pujas (2023-2025) Abir won't be able to work in any other film as a lead that would be released during the Durga Puja. The director put allegations that despite the shooting was completed, Abir didn't complete his dubbing. As a result, they had to delay their film.<ref>{{cite news |title=পুজোয় নেই 'যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই', আগামী তিন বছর আবীর শুধুই নন্দিতা-শিবপ্রসাদের? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjees-joto-kando-kolkatatei-will-be-not-pujo-release-dgtl/cid/1532396 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=20 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
At a press conference on 1 September 2025, the director said "When Abir signed this film, he didn't mention about any such contracts he had with any other production house. This was scheduled to release last year. But we delayed this upon his request. This year it's the same thing. A film can't be delayed again and again. So the producer has decided to release the film this year."<ref>{{cite news |last1=মুখোপাধ্যায় |first1=সৌমিতা |title=চুক্তির ফাঁদে আটকে! ছবির প্রচারে নেই আবীর, পরিচালক-প্রযোজকের ক্ষোভের জবাব দিলেন অভিনেতা... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/abir-chatterjee-breaks-silence-on-director-anik-dutta-allegation-for-not-promoting-joto-kando-kolkatatei_608643.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Zee News]] |date=2 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> Producer asked at the press conference "Will I beg to Abir for promotions? Both ''[[Raktabeej 2]]'' and ''Joto Kando Kolkatatei'' are films of completely different genres. People can choose the film which they love. So why are they suffering from insecurity? [[Mamata Banerjee]] has done something so that every Bengali film gets a prime time slot but even after that Abir will not be present at the promotions?"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title='যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই'! 'প্রচারের জন্য আবিরের কাছে ভিক্ষে চাইব?', ক্ষোভ অনীক-ফিরদৌসুলের, কী বলছেন নায়ক? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/abir-chatterjee-on-anik-dutts-joito-kando-kolkatatei-release-on-durga-puja/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=1 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
Abir said "Since it is my film and I am personally attached with this film, I requested the producer to not release it in the Pujas. I will feel bad if my audience gets divided. It was known from last year that ''[[Raktabeej 2]]'' will release in this year Puja. But how would I know that JKK will also be released at the same time?<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Aranya |title='যত কান্ড কলকাতাতেই' ছবির প্রচারে কেন আবির নেই! ক্ষোভ প্রকাশ পরিচালক অনীকের |url=https://kolkatatvonline.in/entertainment/abir-chattopadhya-was-not-present-in-the-campaign-of-his-movie-joto-kando-kolkatatei-kolkatatv-online-entertainment-news/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Kolkata TV]] |date=2 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> I have come to know, that the release of ''[[Bohurupi]]'' in 2024 has also become a part of the conversation. I got to know from their interview that I had requested them to not release this film in 2024 since ''Bohurupi'' was being released! Was JKK even ready to be released last year? I completed its dubbing in 2025 only. I asked them to sit in a discussion to decide the release date. I hadn't hid anything. On 10th July, I told the producer that I am bound in contract. Please don't release this in the Pujas, I won't be able to participate in the promotions. I just have one question - Why is the 2024 release even coming to the scenario here? Was the film even ready to be released at that time? I came here for dubbing last Saturday - Would I have come if I didn't had any attachment with the film?"<ref>{{cite news |last1=De |first1=Sucharita |title='যত কাণ্ড কলকাতাতেই' ছবির প্রচারে নেই আবির! ক্ষোভ উগরে দিলেন পরিচালক অনীক ও প্রযোজক ফিরদৌসুল, কী বলছেন নায়ক? |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjee-on-anik-dutts-joito-kando-kolkatatei-promotion-1237251.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh|TV9 Bangla]] |date=1 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
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Abir told in an interview to ''[[The Times of India]]'' "During pujas, I had ''[[Karnasubarner Guptodhon]]'' in 2022, ''[[Raktabeej]]'' in 2023 and ''[[Bohurupi]]'' in 2024. This year, I have a contract for the puja release of ''Raktabeej 2''. When discussions began this year about JKK's release, I already informed Friends Communication about my contract with Windows for the Puja release." The producer said that he expected more professionalism from Abir. In reply, Abir said "Since my work ethics are being questioned, I want to ask, was JKK even ready for the release last Puja? The film's shooting ended in Nov 2023. The dubbing concluded in June this year. I even completed the correction dubbing on Aug 30." He also added that in 2014, 2015 and 2018, two of his films have been simultaneously released in the Pujas and both releases had performed well.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |title=Abir Chatterjee faces controversy over Puja release commitments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/abir-chatterjee-faces-controversy-over-puja-release-commitments/articleshow/123639631.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=2 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Abir said in an interview to ''[[News18]]'' "Everyone knew that ''Raktabeej 2'' is releasing this year. Although an actor can't decide the release date of a film but I don't know how can the producer decide to release another film of the same actor at the same time. Even if I keep the contract aside, no actor would want to divide his audience. If I would have not wanted JKK release, then why would I have done the patch dubbing on Saturday?"<ref>{{cite news |last1=ঘোষ |first1=দেবলীনা |title=যত কাণ্ড প্রোমোশনেই, কেন নেই প্রচারে? জবাব দিলেন আবীর |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/actor-abir-chatterjee-reaction-for-absent-in-joto-kando-kolkatatei-promotion/200411331.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=1 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> He said that on Saturday, during patch dubbing, he came to know about director poor health and had a good conversation with him. But he was surprised to see that even after having a good conversation on the previous day, the producer has called a press conference without informing him. "What kind of courtesy is this?" he asked.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Riya |title=Abir Chatterjee: মুখ খুললেন আবীর, পরিচালক-প্রযোজকের সমস্ত অভিযোগের স্পষ্ট উত্তর দিলেন টলি অভিনেতা |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-actor-abir-chatterjee-opens-up-about-joto-kando-kolkatatei-movie-release-rds-2325906.html |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[News18]] |date=2 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
In an interview with ''[[The Indian Express]]'', the director said "Abir hasn't directly spoken about his contract with me. I have heard that he can't be a part of the promotions. But didn't knew which promotional activities he can't be a part of. Later I noticed he wasn't posting anything related to the film and didn't even come to the premiere. I asked him why because premiere isn't part of any promotion, but he didn't reply. Since he hasn't publicly disclosed the contract, I have no way than to believe in his words." Director also said "Windows is trying to control the films in which there is Abir, since they can't control the others. They don't want other films to promote themselves. It could be due to their insecurity which arises from continuous success."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kundu |first1=Kasturi |title=Anik Dutta-Abir Chatterjee: চুক্তির দোহাই দিয়ে অন্য ছবির প্রচার আটকানো নেগেটিভ প্রমোশন, একসময় প্রযোজকরা সবটুকু কন্ট্রোল করতেন: অনীক |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/anik-dutta-reacts-abir-chatterjee-not-perticipate-joto-kando-kolkatatei-promotion-due-to-contract-with-raktabeej-2-9778580 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=2 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDB title|tt37740754}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Bengali-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Detective films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian detective films]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language adventure films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by PVR Inox Pictures]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhatri&diff=476420Chhatri2026-03-27T15:46:15Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Elevated, dome-shaped pavilions in Indian architecture}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Redirect|Chattri|the monument in England|Chattri, Brighton}}<br />
[[File:Jaisalmer-6.jpg|thumb|270px|Chhatris up close at [[Bada Bagh]], [[Rajasthan]]]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Audienzhalle.jpg|thumb|Chhatri set atop each corner of the Hall of Audience in [[Fatehpur Sikri]] palace complex.]]<br />
'''''Chhatri''''' are semi-open, elevated, dome-shaped [[pavilion]]s used as an element in [[Indo-Islamic architecture]]<ref name="chattri"/> and [[Indian architecture]]. They are most commonly of square, octagonal, and round shapes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Kulbhushan |title=Paradigms of Indian Architecture |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=9781315026923 |edition=1st |pages=173 |language=English |chapter=Spatial Organisation and Aesthetic Expression in the Traditional Architecture of Rajasthan}}</ref><br />
<br />
Originating as a canopy above [[Mazar (mausoleum)|tombs]], they largely serve as decorative elements as opposed to functional elements.<ref name="chattri"/><ref name=":0" /> The earliest examples of chhatri being used in the [[Indian subcontinent]] were found in the [[Shrine of Ibrahim]] in [[Bhadreswar, Kutch|Bhadreswar]], constructed between 1159 and 1175 AD.<ref name="chattri">{{citation|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41928225|title= On the History of Style of the Tomb "Chattris" in the Islamic Architecture of Sind |journal=Central Asiatic Journal|author= Salome Zajadacz-Hastenrath|year= 2000 |volume= 44 |issue= 1 |pages= 131–157 |jstor= 41928225 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Chhatri are found particularly within [[Mughal architecture]] came from [[Bengal Deltaic Architecture]].The artisans and architects of bengal brought this feature to the Darbar of powerful officials both hindu and muslim. The most notable surviving examples today are to be found at [[Humayun's Tomb]] in [[Delhi]] and the [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]]. The [[Berar Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan]] added chhatris on buildings in its various capitals.<ref>{{cite book|author=Navina Najat Haidar, Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|date=13 April 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ&q=chhatri+deccan&pg=PA51|page=51|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|isbn=9780300211108}}</ref> Chhatri have also been used in [[Rajasthan]] and other parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]] by both [[Muslim]] and [[Hindu]] rulers.<br />
<br />
They are primarily used to manipulate skylines, an important aspect of Bengal architecture.<ref name=":0" /> For instance, they may be added to building roofs, and larger chhatri may be used as cenotaphs.<ref name=":0" /> Its origins are, however, [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajastani]]. While chhatri in [[Shekhawati]] may consist of a simple structure of one dome raised by four pillars to a building containing many domes and a basement with several rooms. In some places, the interior of the chhatri is painted in the same manner as the ''[[haveli]]'' (mansions) of the region.<br />
<br />
==In Rajasthan==<br />
Many other chhatri exist in other parts of Rajasthan. Their locations include:<br />
*[[Jaipur]] – Gaitore Cenotaphs of the Maharajas of [[Jaipur]]. Set in a narrow valley, the cenotaphs of the former rulers of Jaipur consist of the somewhat typical chhatri or umbrella-shaped memorials. Sawai [[Jai Singh II]]'s Chhatri is particularly noteworthy because of the carvings that have been used to embellish it.<br />
*[[Jodhpur]] – [[Jaswant Thada]], the white marble chhatri of Maharaja [[Jaswant Singh II]]. The Panchkunda Ki Chhatriyan at [[Mandore]] are a group of chhatri built on early cremation grounds of Marwar royal family.<br />
*[[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]]- the cenotaphs of the members of the Jat royal family of Bharatpur, who perished whilst fighting against the British in 1825, are erected in the town of [[Govardhan hill|Govardhan]]. The chhatri of [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] of Bharatpur has fine frescos illuminating the life of Surajmal, vividly depicting darbar and hunting scenes, royal processions and wars.<br />
*[[Udaipur]]- Flanked by a row of enormous stone elephants, the [[Lake Pichola]] island has an impressive chhatri carved from gray blue stone, built by Maharana Jagat Singh.<br />
*[[Haldighati]] – A beautiful Chhatri with white marble columns, dedicated to [[Rana Pratap]], stands here. [[Chetak Smarak]], the cenotaph dedicated to [[Chetak (horse)|Chetak]], Rana Pratap's famous horse, is also noteworthy.<br />
*[[Alwar]] – Moosi Maharani ki Chhatri is a beautiful red sandstone and white marble cenotaph of the rulers of Alwar.<br />
*[[Bundi]] – Suraj Chhatri and Mordi Ki Chhatri, [[Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri, Bundi]] and Nath Ji ki Chhatri are located in Bundi. Rani Shyam Kumari wife of Raja Chhatrasal on the northern hill constructed the Suraj Chhatri and Mayuri the second wife of Chhatrasal on the southern hill erected Mordi Ki Chhatri.<br />
* [[Jaisalmer]] – [[Bada Bagh]], a complex with chhatris of [[Jai Singh II]] (d. 1743) and subsequent Maharajas of Jaisalmer.<br />
*[[Bikaner]] – Devi Kund near Bikaner is the royal crematorium place with a number of cenotaphs. The chhatri of Maharaja Surat Singh is most imposing. It has the spectacular [[Rajput painting]]s on the ceilings.<br />
*[[Ramgarh, Rajasthan|Ramgarh]] – Seth Ram Gopal Poddar Chhatri<br />
*[[Nagaur]] – Nath Ji ki Chhatri, Amar Singh Rathore-ki-Chhatri<br />
<gallery widths="200" heights="200"><br />
File:Bairisal Borj (Jaisalmer Fort), Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (2012).jpg| A 12th-century chatri, Jaisalmir<br />
File:Bada Bagh 03.jpg|Bada Bagh at Jaisalmer<br />
File:Chhatri at Rajgarh.jpg|Chhatri at Rajgarh, Rajasthan<br />
File:Cenotaph of Musi Maharani.jpg|Moosi Rani Ki Chhatri, [[Alwar]]<br />
File:Barah Khamba Gumbat, Hindaun.jpg|Barah Khamba Chhatri at [[Jalsen Talab]] in [[Hindaun]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
===In Shekhawati===<br />
Some of the best-known chhatri in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan are located in the following cities and towns:<br />
<br />
*[[Ramgarh, Rajasthan|Ramgarh]] – Ram Gopal Poddar Chhatri<br />
*[[Laxmangarh]] - Churiwala ki Chhatri<br />
* Bissau – The Raj ki Chhatri of the [[Shekhawat]] Thakurs<br />
*[[Parsurampura]] – Thakur Sardul Singh Shekhawat's chhatri<br />
*[[Jhunjhunu]] – Chhatri of [[Shekhawat]] Rulers<br />
*[[Dundlod]] – The beautiful chhatri of Ram Dutt Goenka<br />
*[[Mukungarh]] – Shivdutta Ganeriwala Chhatri<br />
*[[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]] – Taknet Chhatri<br />
*[[Mahansar]] – The Sahaj Ram Poddar Chhatri<br />
*[[Udaipurwati]] – Joki Das Shah ki Chhatri<br />
*[[Fatehpur, Shekhawati|Fatehpur]] – Jagan Nath Singhania Chhatri<br />
<br />
==In Madhya Pradesh==<br />
[[File:Chhatri of Vithoji 03.jpg|thumb|upright|Chhatri of [[Vithoji Rao Holkar|Vithoji]] in [[Maheshwar]].]]<br />
The region of [[Madhya Pradesh]] is the site of several other notable chhatri of its famous [[Maratha]] rulers:<br />
<br />
*[[Shujalpur]] – Tomb of [[Ranoji Scindia]], founder of the Scindia dynasty. Situated at Ranoganj, Shujalpur to [[Akodia]] Road.<br />
*[[Shivpuri]] – Intricately embellished marble chhatri erected by Scindia rulers in Shivpuri.<br />
*[[Gwalior]] – Shrimati Balabai Maharaj Ladojirao Shitole Chhatri<br />
*[[Gwalior]] – Rajrajendra Ramchandrarao Narsingh Shitole and wife Gunwantyaraje Ramchandrarao Shitole (princess of Gwalior) Chatri<br />
*[[Orchha]] – Elaborate chhatri of local [[Hindu king]]s<br />
*[[Gohad]] – The Jat rulers of Gohad constructed the chhatri of [[Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana]] on the Gwalior Fort.<br />
*[[Indore]] and [[Maheshwar]] – Chhatri of [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] rulers.<br />
*[[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh|Alampur]] – Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar built the chhatri of Malhar Rao Holkar at Alampur in Bhind district in 1766.<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[[File:Indore Krishnapura Chhatri.JPG|thumb|150px|[[Krishnapura Chhatri]], [[Indore]]]]<br />
| [[File:Chhatri Indore.JPG|thumb|150px|Bolia Maharaj Ki Chhatri, [[Indore]]]]<br />
| [[File:Krishnapura Chhatri on Khan Riverbank.JPG|thumb|150px|Krishnapura Chhatri, [[Indore]]]]<br />
| [[File:Krishnapura Chhatri from inside.JPG|thumb|140px|Inside view of Krishnapur Chhatri, [[Indore]]]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Mughal architecture==<br />
[[File:Dome Chhatris Spires - Taj Mahal - Agra 2014-05-14 3805.JPG|left|thumb|Dome-Shaped Chhatris Spires on the [[Taj Mahal]].]]<br />
Chhatri were features in many buildings of [[Mughal architecture]]:<br />
*The [[Taj Mahal]] has four Chhatris surrounding the Main Dome<br />
*[[Humayun's Tomb]] has several Chhatris near the dome.<br />
*The [[Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri]] is crowned with a domed chhatri that overlooks the men's area.<ref name="panchmahal">{{cite book|author=Andrew Petersen|title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture|date=11 March 2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIaEAgAAQBAJ&q=chatri+pavilion+islamic+architecture&pg=PA83|page=83|isbn=9781134613663}}</ref><br />
<br />
==In Kutch==<br />
[[File:Rao Lakhaji Chhatri.JPG|thumb|Rao Lakhaji Chhatri [[Bhuj]]]]<br />
Chhatri can also be found in the outskirts of [[Bhuj]] city belonging mainly to [[Jadeja]] rulers of Kutch. The chhatri of Rao Lakhpatji is very famous for its intricate designs and carvings. Most of them but have been destroyed in the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]]. The restoration work is going on.<br />
<br />
==Outside India==<br />
[[File:Tomb of Raja Rammohun Roy in Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol, England.jpg|thumb|Chhatri of [[Ram Mohan Roy]] in [[Arnos Vale Cemetery]], Bristol, England]]<br />
There are two notable chhatri in the [[United Kingdom]], a country with strong historical links to India. One is a [[Chattri (Brighton)|cenotaph in Brighton]], dedicated to the Indian soldiers who died in the [[First World War]].<br />
<br />
The other is in [[Arnos Vale Cemetery]] near [[Bristol]] and is a memorial to the distinguished Indian reformer [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]], who died in that city.<br />
<br />
== Major Chhattris ==<br />
[[File:Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Chhatari of [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|President's House]]]]<br />
[[File:Cenotaph of Musi Maharani.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Chhatri of Musi Rani of [[Alwar]]]]<br />
<br />
'''84 Khambho ki Chhatri'''- memorial of Shatrusal (1631 AD), [[Bundi district|Bundi]] ruler - contemporary of [[Shah Jahan]] . Built in the memory of Rao Raja Aniruddh Singh's nursemaid Deva, near Devpura village of [[Bundi district|Bundi]] .<br />
<br />
=== Chhataris of Kesarbagh ===<br />
<br />
Kesarbagh, located about 4-5 kilometers from [[Bundi district|Bundi]], has 66 chhatris of rulers of [[Bundi district|Bundi]] and royal families. The oldest among these is chhatri of Maharaj Kumar Dadu and the newest is the chhatri of Maharaja Raja Vishnu Singh.<br />
<br />
=== Musi Maharani ki chhatri ===<br />
<br />
Their canopy is located in [[Rajasthan]]'s [[Alwar|Alvar]] The canopy of 60 the pillars of Hindu architecture on the south side of Sagar below the Bala Durg was built in the memory of the Musi Queen of Maharaja Bakhtar Singh during the period of Maharaja Vinay Singh. The upper storey of this canopy, built of white marble and red sandstone, is also decorated with mural paintings depicting scenes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.<br />
<br />
=== Chhataris of Tehla ===<br />
<br />
These chhatris are also located in Alwar district of Rajasthan.<br />
<br />
The Mishraji Chhatri located here is particularly renowned; it was constructed around 1432 CE.<br />
<br />
The dome of this chhatri is supported by eight upright, square pillars. The distinguishing feature of this chhatri is the unparalleled ornamentation of its mural paintings.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Cenotaph]]<br />
*[[Chahartaq (architecture)]]<br />
*[[Cupola]]<br />
*[[Jaswant Ki Chhatri]]<br />
*[[Roof lantern]]<br />
*[[Chattri, Brighton]], a memorial to Indian soldiers<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Chhatri}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041211053752/http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA0072 ArchNet Dictionary of Islamic Architecture: Chatri]<br />
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1500_1599/orchha/chhatris/chhatris.html Images of old chhatris] Columbia University<br />
<br />
{{Islamic architecture}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Coord missing|Rajasthan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Architecture of Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Architecture in India]]<br />
[[Category:Maratha architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal architecture elements]]<br />
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]<br />
[[Category:Cenotaphs in India]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic architectural elements]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padmasimha&diff=523647Padmasimha2026-03-26T15:58:29Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Done...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|King of Oiniwar Dynasty in Mithila}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Padmasimha<br />
| title = King of Mithila<br />
| predecessor = [[Lakhimadevi]]<br />
| successor = [[Vishwasa Devi]]<br />
| birth_name = Padma<br />
| birth_place = Mithila<br />
| spouse = [[Vishwasa Devi]]<br />
| house = Mithila Kingdom<br />
| house-type = Kingdom<br />
| father = [[Devasimha]]<br />
| occupation = King of Mithila<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| type = Ruler<br />
| royal house = Tirhut Sarkar<br />
| dynasty = [[Oiniwar Dynasty]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Padmasimha''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: पद्म सिंह) was the ninth king of the [[Oiniwar dynasty|Oiniwar Dynasty]] in the [[Videha|Mithila Kingdom]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] during 15th century CE. He ascended the throne of the Mithila Kingdom in 1428 CE after the death of the ruler queen [[Lakhimadevi]]. He was the brother of the popular [[Shiva Simha Singh|King Shivasimha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Radhakrishna Choudhary |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfMuslimRuleInTirhut |title=History Of Muslim Rule In Tirhut |date=1970 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC |title=Studies in Indian Coins |date=2005 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2973-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=राजा पद्म सिंह के धरहरबा डीह का नहीं हो सका विकास - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-raja-padma-singhs-dharbaba-could-not-be-developed-for-development-19164584.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Padmasimha was born in the royal family of the Oiniwar Dynasty in Mithila. He was the younger son of the [[Devasimha|King Devasimha]]. He was a [[Maithil Brahmin]] and belonged to [[Kashyapa|Kashyapgotra]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mishra |first=Vijayakanta |date=1953 |title=Chronology of the Oiniwara Dynasty of Mithila |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44303873 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=16 |pages=200–210 |jstor=44303873 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Rule ==<br />
Padmasimha established a new village known as [[Padma Village|Padma]] after his name in the kingdom. Then he made the new village Padma as his capital. The site of the capital is presently known as ''Dharaharba Dih''.<ref name=":0" /> He was a great warrior as well as a donar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Rambilas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWlyUdsmEXcC&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9 |title=Bhāratīya saṃskr̥ti aura Hindī-pradeśa |date=1999 |publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7016-439-5 |pages=78 |language=hi}}</ref> The period of the regime of the King Padmasimha varies from three years to six years in different historical documents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Aravinda Narayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tr5HAAAAMAAJ |title=Vidyāpati: yuga aura sāhitya |date=1966 |publisher=Vinoda Pustaka Mandira |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kāṇe |first=Pāṇḍuraṅga Vāmana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7bWAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Dharmaśāstra: (ancient and Mediæval Religious and Civil Law in India) |date=1975 |publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Pankaj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xl9DwAAQBAJ&q=padmasimha |title=A Political History of Literature: Vidyapati and the Fifteenth Century |date=2018-11-20 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909535-3 |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references />{{India-royal-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Monarchs of Mithila]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Kerala&diff=476242Politics of Kerala2026-03-25T16:29:32Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: minor expand lead additionally and improved wording after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Political system of Kerala}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox political system<br />
| name = Political System of Kerala<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Government of Kerala Logo.svg<br />
| image_size = 130<br />
| caption = [[Coat of arms of Kerala]]<br />
| government = [[Democracy|Democratic]], [[Parliamentary system]]<br />
| constitution = [[Constitution of India]]<br />
| formation = 1950<br />
| legislature = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| legislature_type = Unicameral<br />
| legislature_place = [[Niyamasabha Mandiram|Assembly Building]]<br />
| legislature_speaker = [[A. N. Shamseer]]<br />
| legislature_speaker_title = Speaker<br />
<br />
| title_hos = [[Governor of Kerala|Governor]]<br />
| current_hos = [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]]<br />
<br />
| title_hog = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] <br />
| current_hog = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]<br />
| appointer_hog = [[Governor of Kerala|Governor]]<br />
| cabinet = [[Kerala Council of Ministers]]<br />
| current_cabinet = [[Second Vijayan ministry]]<br />
| cabinet_leader = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] <br />
| cabinet_deputyleader = <br />
| cabinet_appointer = [[Governor of Kerala|Governor]]<br />
| cabinet_hq =[[Kerala Government Secretariat]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] <br />
| cabinet_ministries =[[List of departments and agencies of the Government of Kerala|44]] <br />
| judiciary = [[Judiciary of India]] <br />
| law = <br />
| court = [[Kerala High Court]]<br />
| chief_judge = [[Nitin Madhukar Jamdar]]<br />
| court_seat = [[Kochi]]<br />
|appointer_hos=[[President of India]] (on the recommendation of Union [[Government of India]])|civil_service=* [[All India Services]]<br />
* [[Civil Services of India#State Civil Services|State Civil Services]]|civil_service_head_title=Civil services (Part of the executive branch)|background_color=red}}<br />
<br />
[[Kerala]] is an Indian state, where federal [[legislative power]] is vested in the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. The multilateral system has, since 1956, been dominated by the several pre-poll and post-poll alliances.<br />
<br />
The judiciary of Kerala is independent of the [[Executive (government)|executive]] and the [[legislature]], while it is common for leading members of the executive (Kerala Council of Ministers) to be members of the legislature as well. The political system is laid out in the [[Constitution of India]] (1950).<br />
<br />
[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] has a membership of 140, where all 140 are elected. Kerala has 20 seats in the [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha (Indian Lower House)]] and nine seats in the [[Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha (the Council of States)]]. Elections are also held to choose representatives to the [[Corporations, municipalities and taluks of Kerala|civic bodies]] at various levels within Kerala.<br />
<br />
== Political parties ==<br />
{{Main|Political parties in Kerala}}<br />
<br />
=== Alliances ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Sl No<br />
!Alliance Name<br />
!Flag<br />
!Current Status<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Left Democratic Front]] (LDF)<br />
|[[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|100px]]<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF)<br />
|[[File:UDF logo.png|100px]]<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[National Democratic Alliance]] ( NDA )<br />
|[[File:National Democratic Alliance.svg|100px]]<br />
| None<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== National parties ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Sl No<br />
!Party name<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Alliance<br />
!Current Status<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
|[[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|100px|class=skin-invert|alt=CPIM election symbol]]<br />
|[[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|100px]]<br />
|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] <br />
|{{no2|Opposition}}<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|[[File:BJP Election Symbol.svg|100px|class=skin-invert|alt=BJP election symbol]]<br />
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
| None<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Recognised State Parties ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Sr No<br />
!Party name<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Alliance<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)<br />
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|80px|class=skin-invert|alt=CPIM election symbol]]<br />
|rowspan=4|[[Left Democratic Front]]<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]<br />
|[[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|80px]]<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Indian Socialist Janata Dal]]<br />
|[[File:Indian election symbol female farmer.svg|80px]]<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|80px|class=skin-invert|alt=IUML election symbol]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|80px|class=skin-invert|alt=RSP election symbol]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Electoral history ==<br />
{{Main|Elections in Kerala}}<br />
[[File:Kerala Council of Ministers 1957 EMS.jpg|thumb|right|420x420px|[[First Namboodiripad ministry|1st cabinet ministry]] of Kerala led by [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] (1957)]]<br />
[[File:Kerala_Council_of_Ministers_1978_PK_Vasudevan_Nair.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kerala Council of Ministers under [[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] (1978)]]<br />
Results for the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] (from 1957) have been:<br />
<br />
[http://www.keralaassembly.org/ (Source)]<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"; text-align:center"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Mandate<br />
! colspan="2" |Seats secured<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Ruling C'''oalition(s)'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|'''CPI+'''<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|'''INC+'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white"|'''65'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERALA|last=|publisher=Election Commission of India|location=New Delhi|pages=7|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3746-kerala-1957/}}</ref> <br />
| 43<ref name="askh">DC Books, Kottayam, ''Kerala Charithram'', A. Shreedhara Menon, P.367-369</ref><br />
| colspan="2" style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" |CPI+<br />
|-<br />
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]<br />
| 29<ref name="askh"/><br />
| style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white"|'''95'''<ref name="askh"/><br />
| colspan="2" style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" |INC+<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"; text-align:center"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Mandate<br />
! colspan="2" |Seats secured<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Ruling C'''oalition(s)'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|'''CPI(M)'''<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|'''INC+'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965]]<br />
| 40<br />
|36<br />
| No Government Formed<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"|'''117'''<br />
| 9<br />
| style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"|CPI(M)+<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"; text-align:center"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Mandate<br />
! colspan="3" |Seats secured<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Ruling C'''oalition(s)'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|'''CPI(M)+'''<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|'''CPI'''<br />
! style="color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|'''INC'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br />
| 29<ref name="kla">{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|title=History of Kerala Legislature|access-date=20 May 2021|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white"|'''16'''<br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white"|'''30'''<br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" |CPI+INC<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| 29<ref name="kla"/><br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white"|'''23'''<ref name="kla"/><br />
| style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white"|'''38'''<br />
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" |CPI+INC<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"; text-align:center"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Mandate<br />
! colspan="3" |Seats secured<br />
! rowspan="2" |Ruling C'''oalition'''<br />
! rowspan="2" |Majority<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF!! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | UDF!! Others<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''93'''<br />
|46<br />
|1<br />
|style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''47'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br />
||63||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white|'''77'''|| 0 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | UDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''14'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]] ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''78'''|| 61||1 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''17'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || 48 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |'''90'''|| 2 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | UDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''40'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]] ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"| '''80'''|| 59 || 1 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''21'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || 40 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''99'''|| 1 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | UDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''59'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]] ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''98'''|| 42 || 0 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''56'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || 68 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''72'''|| 0 || style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | UDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''04'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]] ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |'''91'''|| 47 || 2 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF<br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''44'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]] ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|'''99'''|| 41 ||0 ||style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" | LDF <br />
|style="color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};"|'''58'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Current administrative structure by alliance ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"; text-align:center"<br />
! colspan=5 |Current administrative structure by alliance in Kerala<br />
|-<br />
! National Constituencies<br />
! Total<br />
!LDF<br />
!UDF <br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
| [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]<br />
!20<br />
|1<br />
|18<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
! State Constituencies<br />
! Total<br />
!LDF<br />
!UDF <br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
| [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Legislative assembly constituencies]]<br />
!140<br />
|98<br />
|41<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! Local self-government body<br />
! Total<br />
! LDF<br />
! UDF <br />
! Others<br />
|-<br />
|[[List of municipal corporations in Kerala|Municipal Corporations]] <br />
!6<br />
|4<br />
|2<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|[[District Panchayat|District Panchayats]]<br />
! 14<br />
| 11<br />
| 3<br />
| 0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Municipalities of Kerala|Municipalities]]<br />
!87<br />
|43<br />
|41<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Local government in Kerala|Block Panchayats]] <br />
!152<br />
|90<br />
|61<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Local government in Kerala|Grama Panchayats]]<br />
!941<br />
|549<br />
|365<br />
|27<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Popular vote ==<br />
[[File:E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg|thumb|183x183px|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (first Chief Minister of Kerala, 1957- 59)]]<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible"<br />
! colspan="2" |1957 Assembly elections<br />
! colspan="2" |2021 Assembly elections<br />
|-<br />
!Parties<br />
!Popular vote %<br />
!Parties<br />
!Popular vote %<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
|37.84<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]] (CPIM)<br />
|25.4<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)<br />
|35.28<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
|25.1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Praja Socialist Party]] (PSP)<br />
|10.76<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br />
|15.50<br />
|-<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP)<br />
|3.22<br />
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]] (IUML)<br />
|8.3<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |<br />
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)<br />
|7.6<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (Mani)]] (KCM)<br />
|3.3<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress]] (KEC)<br />
|2.7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Ideologies ==<br />
[[File:Pinarayi Vijayan 1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]], [[Chief minister of Kerala]]]]<br />
<br />
=== Left-wing/center-left politics ===<br />
The general socio-political thought and behavior of the Keralite population inclines strongly toward [[left-wing]] and [[center-left]] groups, as such, [[communist]] ([[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]) parties have made strong inroads across the state for decades.<ref name=":0">[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3693425.stm Snapshots - India's final voting day BBC News]</ref> In fact, Kerala is the first autonomous polity in Asia and only second in the world to have democratically elected a fully communist-led (Communist Party of India) government into power,<ref name=":0" /> with the first-ever being [[San Marino]], a [[microstate]] enclaved by Italy.<br />
<br />
Northern Kerala, particularly the districts of [[Kannur]] and [[Palakkad]], is generally considered the heartland of communist support. The districts of [[Kollam]] and [[Alappuzha]] also generally inclined towards left-wing or center-left parties, even though the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] have won elections from the constituencies of these districts several times.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Some parties like [[Communist Marxist Party]], [[Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy]] and the [[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]] also represent left-wing politics in the state.<br />
<br />
=== Congress politics ===<br />
[[Indian National Congress]] leads the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] pre-poll alliance in Kerala. The alliance was created by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] (then known as [[Indira Gandhi|Congress-Indira]]) party leader [[K. Karunakaran]] in 1978.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/who-was-k-karunakaran-74555?trendingnow Who was K Karunakaran? – NDTV<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Since the 1980s, it has sustained itself as the front to take on the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]]-led [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]].<br />
<br />
The alliance first came into power in Kerala in 1981 under [[K. Karunakaran]]. It led the Kerala government in 1981 - 82 ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]]), 1982 - 87 ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]]), 1991 - 96 ([[K. Karunakaran|Karunakaran]] and [[A. K. Antony]]), 2001 - 06 ([[A. K. Antony|Antony]] and [[Oommen Chandy]]) and 2011 - 16 ([[Oommen Chandy|Chandy]]).<br />
<br />
The party has strong bases in [[Ernakulam]] and [[Kottayam]] regions of central Kerala.<br />
<br />
The [[Nationalist Congress Party- Sharadchandra Pawar]] and [[Congress (Secular)|Congress (S)]] are other parties which holds the Congress politics. Both of them were split from [[Indian National Congress]], and now form allies of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]. The [[Kerala Congress]] factions also have their origin in a split which occurred in Indian National Congress in the year 1964. [[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|DIC(K)]] was another party formed by raising Congress politics in Kerala, but was later dissolved.<br />
<br />
==== Political underrepresentation of [[Ezhava]] ====<br />
<br />
Despite constituting around 24% of [[Kerala]]’s population, the [[Ezhava]] community has been described as under represented in both the [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]] and the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]. In the [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]] ministry, Ezhavas have held 5 ministerial positions, while the Nair community, which comprises about 12% of the state’s population, has held 7 ministerial posts.<br />
Within the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]], representation concerns have also been raised. There is no [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] representation in the top leadership of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in [[Kerala]] at present. Of the 14 District [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Committees (DCCs) in [[Kerala]], only 4 have presidents from the Ezhava community. Among the state’s 14 [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] [[Members of Parliament|MPs]], only 2 belong to the community, while only 1 of the party’s 22 MLAs represents the Ezhavas. Additionally, none of the three newly appointed working presidents of the [[Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee|KPCC]] are from the community.<ref name="TNIE1">{{cite web |title=Congress faces backlash over caste imbalance in Kerala leadership revamp |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Aug/01/congress-faces-backlash-over-caste-imbalance-in-kerala-leadership-revamp |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=2025-12-14}}</ref><ref name="KaumudiSurvey">{{cite web |title=UDF will not come to power if Ezhava community is ignored; AICC secret survey becomes warning to UDF |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1470904&u=udf-will-not-come-to-power-if-ezhava-community-is-ignored-aicc-secret-survey-becomes-warning-to-udf |publisher=Kerala Kaumudi |access-date=2025-12-14}}</ref><ref name="TNIE2">{{cite web |title=In vote-bank ‘theatre’, Ezhavas still in search of key role |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Nov/28/in-vote-bank-theatre-ezhavas-still-in-search-of-key-role |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=2025-12-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Communitarian politics ===<br />
[[Indian Union Muslim League]] is a major member of the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]]. Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]]-led alliance in the late 1960s. The party later switched fronts and formed an alliance with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. It later became a chief constituent in a succession of [[Indian National Congress]]-lead ministries.<br />
<br />
The party has strong bases in [[Malappuram District]] in central Kerala. The party is also strong in the northern belts of [[Kasaragod district]] and the southern parts of [[Kozhikode district]] in Northern Kerala.<br />
<br />
[[Kerala Congress]], which has several factions in [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] and [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]], has strong influence in central Kerala. The various Kerala Congress factions are primarily patronized by [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] community mostly in areas like [[Kottayam]], [[Idukki]], [[Pathanamthitta]] and [[Muvattupuzha]].<br />
<br />
=== Right-wing politics ===<br />
Right-wing politics in Kerala is represented by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. The BJP got their first seat in the Kerala legislative assembly in 2016. The BJP failed to win a seat in the 2021 elections. But won 1 seat in the 2024 elections.<br />
<br />
== Coalition politics ==<br />
[[File:Kerala_Council_of_Ministers_1957_EMS.jpg|thumb|362x362px|First Council of Ministers, EMS Namboothiripad Ministry]]<br />
[[File:Kerala_Second_Niyamasabha_Ministry.png|thumb|361x361px|Second Council of Ministers]]<br />
[[File:Kerala Council of Ministers 1977 1 Karunakaran (version 1).jpg|thumb|[[A. K. Antony]], [[K. Karunakaran]], [[K. M. Mani]] and [[C. H. Muhammed Koya]]|359x359px]]<br />
<br />
The current politics in Kerala is largely dominated by two pre-poll alliances<br />
<br />
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]-led [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]] and<br />
* [[Indian National Congress]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]]<br />
<br />
The two alliances have been alternatively voted to power in Kerala since 1980 till 2021 (from the [[First E. K. Nayanar ministry]] and until [[First Pinarayi Vijayan ministry]]).<br />
<br />
The pre-poll political alliances of Kerala have stabilized strongly in such a manner that, with rare exceptions, most of the coalition partners stick their loyalty to the respective alliances ([[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] or [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]]). As a result of this, ever since 1979, the power has been clearly alternating between the two alliances without any exceptions, until this spell was broken in the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Rewriting history: Pinarayi Vijayan breaks 4-decade-old political trend in Kerala|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rewriting-history-pinarayi-vijayan-breaks-4-decade-old-political-trend-kerala-148169|access-date=2021-05-11|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, till then the political scenario in Kerala (1957 - 1980) was characterized by continually shifting alliances, party mergers and splits, factionalism within the coalitions and within political parties, and the formation of a numerous splinter groups.<ref name="UN1">{{cite web|date=19 March 2007|title=India|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,AUS_RRT,,IND,,4b6fe22b5,0.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416005158/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,AUS_RRT,,IND,,4b6fe22b5,0.html|archive-date=16 April 2013|publisher=Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal|via=archive.is|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref><br />
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two main pre-poll political alliances were formed: the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]], led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and [[Communist Party of India]] and the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]], led by the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="UN1" /><br />
<br />
Since the early 1980s these two pre-poll political alliances have alternated in government with neither able to gain re-election for a second term. Clashes between supporters of the two coalitions have occurred periodically. Both have accused the other of corruption, promoting or condoning political violence, and "the general breakdown of law and order" during their periods in government.<ref name="UN1" /> <br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Mandate<br />
!Ministry<br />
No.<br />
!Ruling C'''oalition'''<br />
Name<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|23<br />
|LDF <br />
|-<br />
|2016 <br />
|22<br />
|LDF<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|21<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|20<br />
|LDF<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2001<br />
|19<br />
| rowspan="2" |UDF<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
|17<br />
|LDF<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1991<br />
|16<br />
| rowspan="2" |UDF<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|1987<br />
|14<br />
|LDF<br />
|-<br />
|1982<br />
|13<br />
| rowspan="2" |UDF<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1980<br />
|12<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|LDF<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |1977<br />
|10<br />
| rowspan="7" |—<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1967<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|1965<br />
|<br />
|No ministry formed<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1960<br />
|3<br />
| rowspan="3" |—<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Student politics ==<br />
Student politics in Kerala is highly active and influential, unlike in many other Indian states where it has declined. Most student organizations are linked to major political parties and there are student political alliances as well, such as the [[UDSF|United Democratic Students Front]] (UDSF), which includes [[Kerala Students' Union|KSU]] and [[Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)|MSF]].<br />
<br />
Below is the list of active students parties in [[Kerala]]:<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ '''Student Political Parties in Kerala'''<br />
! Name of the Student Organization !! Year of Establishment !! Political Affiliation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Students' Federation of India]] (SFI) || 1970 || [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] – CPI(M)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kerala Students Union]] (KSU) || 1957 || [[Indian National Congress]] – INC<br />
|-<br />
| [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP) || 1949 (Nationally) || [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] – RSS / [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] – BJP<br />
|-<br />
| [[All India Students Federation]] (AISF) || 1936 (Nationally) || [[Communist Party of India]] – CPI<br />
|-<br />
| [[Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)|Muslim Students Federation]] (MSF) || 1937 || [[Indian Union Muslim League]] – IUML<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fraternity Movement]] || 2011 || [[Welfare Party of India]] / <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 2021 Assembly elections ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible"<br />
! LDF<br />
! Seats<br />
! UDF<br />
! Seats<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|62<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|21<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|17<br />
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF Independent]]<br />
|5<br />
|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]<br />
|5<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(J)]]<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]<br />
|2<br />
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]]<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]<br />
|2<br />
|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF Independent]]<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Congress (Secular)|C(S)]]<br />
|1<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (B)|KC(B)]]<br />
|1<br />
|[[Communist Marxist Party|CMP]]<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|[[National Secular Conference|NSC]]<br />
|1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian National League|INL]]<br />
|1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]]<br />
|1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]<br />
|1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian National League|INL]]<br />
|0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#ffffff;" |'''[[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]'''<br />
| style="background:#ffffff; color:black;" |'''99'''<br />
| style="background:#ffffff;" |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''<br />
| style="background:#ffffff; color:black;" |'''41'''<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Parties<br />
! colspan="2" |Popular vote<br />
! colspan="2" |Seats<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Candidates<br />
!Won<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist (CPIM)]]<br />
|5,288,502 <br />
|25.4<br />
|77<br />
|62<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]<br />
|5,233,429<br />
|25.1<br />
|93<br />
|21<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]]<br />
|2,354,468 <br />
|11.3<br />
|113<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)]]<br />
|1,723,593<br />
|8.3<br />
|25<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]<br />
|1,579,235 <br />
|7.6<br />
|23<br />
|17<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|Kerala Congress (Mani) (KCM)]]<br />
|684,363 <br />
|3.3<br />
|12<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Congress (Secular)|Kerala Congress (KEC)]]<br />
|554,115 <br />
|2.7<br />
|10<br />
|2<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|India|Politics}}<br />
* [[Political parties in Kerala]]<br />
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]]<br />
* [[Communism in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{Citation|title=Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala|last=|publisher=Secratriat of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala Legislature]]|year=2018|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf}}<br />
* {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP |edition=Malayalam }}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Menon, A. Sreedhara |title=A Survey of Kerala History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C|year=2007|publisher=DC Books|isbn=9788126415786}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Politics of Kerala}}<br />
{{Politics of India by state or territory}}<br />
{{Kerala}}<br />
{{Kerala topics}}<br />
{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br />
{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Kerala}}<br />
[[Category:Politics of Kerala]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Karo_River&diff=461710South Karo River2026-03-23T16:29:32Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: quick update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|River in India}}<br />
{{For|river involved in the Koel-Karo project|North Karo River}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox river<br />
| name = South Karo River<br />
| native_name = {{native name|or|ଦକ୍ଷିଣ କାରୋ ନଦୀ}}<br />
| name_other = <br />
| name_etymology = <br />
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --><br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| map = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_map_size = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption= <br />
<!---------------------- LOCATION --><br />
| subdivision_type1 = Country<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = State<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = <br />
| subdivision_name3 = <br />
| subdivision_type4 = <br />
| subdivision_name4 = <br />
| subdivision_type5 = <br />
| subdivision_name5 = <br />
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --><br />
| length = <br />
| width_min = <br />
| width_avg = <br />
| width_max = <br />
| depth_min = <br />
| depth_avg = <br />
| depth_max = <br />
| discharge1_location= <br />
| discharge1_min = <br />
| discharge1_avg = <br />
| discharge1_max = <br />
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --><br />
| source1 = <br />
| source1_location = [[Odisha]]<br />
| source1_coordinates= <br />
| source1_elevation = <br />
| mouth = [[South Koel River]]<br />
| mouth_location = <br />
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|22.496|85.219|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:river}}<br />
| mouth_elevation = <br />
| progression = <br />
| river_system = <br />
| basin_size = <br />
| tributaries_left = <br />
| tributaries_right = <br />
| custom_label = <br />
| custom_data = <br />
| extra = <br />
}}<br />
'''South Karo River''' flows through [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]] and [[Keonjhar district|Keonjhar]] districts and [[West Singhbhum]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Odisha]] and [[Jharkhand]] respectively.<ref name=forest>{{cite web |url = http://www.jharkhandforest.com/files/Chaibasa_Introduction.pdf |title = The West Singhbhum District |access-date = 2010-04-20 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713104524/http://www.jharkhandforest.com/files/Chaibasa_Introduction.pdf |archive-date = 2011-07-13 }}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040503/asp/jharkhand/story_3197848.asp|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130203154510/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040503/asp/jharkhand/story_3197848.asp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 3 February 2013| title = Saranda wildlife chokes on river of death |publisher = The Telegraph, 3 May 2004 |access-date = 2010-04-20 }}</ref> The river flows through industrial and iron ore mining areas and [[Saranda forest]] before joining the [[South Koel River]] in Goilkera block of West Singhbhum district. Its passage through the industrial and mining area has polluted the river water, affecting wildlife.<ref name=forest/><ref name=telegraph/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Hydrography of Odisha}}<br />
{{Hydrography of Jharkhand}}<br />
{{Mahanadi Basin}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Sundergarh district]]<br />
[[Category:Kendujhar district]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}<br />
{{India-river-stub}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_Utility_Building,_Bengaluru&diff=478022Public Utility Building, Bengaluru2026-03-21T16:04:19Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added a post v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Skyscraper in Bengaluru, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=December 2011}}<br />
<br />
{{For|buildings that house public infrastructure equipment|Public utility building}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| name = Public Utility Building<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Public_Utility_Building_Bangalore.jpg<br />
| caption = The Public Utility Building on MG Road, a major commercial center in Bangalore<br />
| former_names = <br />
| alternate_names = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Bangalore<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Bangalore<br />
| building_type = <br />
| architectural_style = <br />
| structural_system = <br />
| cost = <br />
| location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]<br />
| client = <br />
| owner = <br />
| current_tenants = <br />
| landlord = [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]<br />
| location_country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12|58|26.93|N|77|36|34.95|E|display=inline}}<br />
| altitude = <!-- replace data if known {{convert|2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} --><br />
| construction_start_date = <br />
| completion_date = <br />
| inauguration_date = <br />
| demolished_date = <br />
| height = {{convert|106|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
| diameter = <!-- replace data if known {{convert|160|x|150|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} --><br />
| other_dimensions = <br />
| floor_count = 25<br />
| floor_area = <!-- replace data if known {{convert|260000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} --><br />
| main_contractor = <br />
| architect = Atul Sharma<br />
| structural_engineer = Kamal N. Hadker<ref>[http://sterlingengg.com/keyperson.htm Key Persons: Kamal N. Hadker] ''The Sterling Website'', retrieved 29 December 2011</ref><br />
| services_engineer = <br />
| civil_engineer = <br />
| other_designers = <br />
| quantity_surveyor = <br />
| awards = <br />
| url = <!-- replace data if known {{URL|example.com}} --><br />
| references = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Public Utility Building''' (also known as '''Subhash Chandra Bose Public Utility Building''') is a [[skyscraper]] on [[M G Road, Bangalore|Mahatma Gandhi Road]], [[Bangalore]], [[India]]. It is one of the tallest buildings and a major commercial center of Bangalore, housing a variety of businesses and commercial centers including offices, shops, boutiques, hotel, restaurants, and a cinema hall. Built in the 1970s by the Bangalore City Corporation, it has 25 stories and stands {{convert|106|m}} tall. The architect of the building was Atul Sharma and the structural engineer was Kamal N Hadkar.<!-- Nair erroneously states it is a 24-story building, while in reality it has 25 stories when including the ground floor. The confusion arises from India using a 'Ground + X'-type floor numbering system. The year of completion is not specified since both the sources differ wildly - Bangalore Mirror says 1970, and Nair says 1973 and 1978 in different parts of her book. --><ref>{{cite news | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Top-two-floors-of-Utility-Building-crumbling/articleshow/32563256.cms | title=Top two floors of Utility Building crumbling | date=24 March 2014 | newspaper=Bangalore Mirror | first1=Atul | last1=Chaturvedi | first2=Nischith | last2=N | access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nair |first=Janaki |title=The Promise of the Metropolis |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=9780195690446 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Commons category|Public Utility Building, Bangalore}}<br />
*[[List of tallest buildings in Bangalore]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in India]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{india-struct-stub}}<br />
{{Karnataka-stub}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mridula_Baruah&diff=518617Mridula Baruah2026-03-15T02:31:57Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up Initial Data Initial Version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actresses}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mridula Baruah<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Mridula Baruah in a scene from ''Kokadeuta Nati aru Hati''<br />
| birth_date = 14 April<br />
| birth_place = Sotia, [[Sonitpur district]], [[Assam]], <br />
| ethnicity = <!-- Ethnicity should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --><br />
| occupation = [[Acting]]<br />
| years_active = 1978–present<br />
| organization = [[Assamese cinema|Assamese film industry]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| awards = {{unbulleted list| Lifetime Achievement Award| Veerangana Mulagabharu Award | Assam State Film Award}} <br />
| parents = Jogendranath Baruah<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mridula Baruah''' is an actress in the [[Assamese cinema|Assamese film industry]]. Besides films, Mridula Baruah has acted in more than 30 VCD films, several Hindi and Assamese television series, and telefilms. In 2000, she debuted as a producer, producing a couple of serials for [[Doordarshan]]. She also produced several documentaries for the Government of Assam.<br />
<br />
For her valuable contributions to the Assamese film industry, Mridula Baruah was awarded the ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' in 2021 by the socio-cultural organization ''Asom Star.''<ref name="Lifetime" /><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Mridula Baruah was born in [[Assam]], in the [[Sonitpur district]]'s Sotia. Her father, Jogendranath Baruah, worked as the ''Outdoor In-Charge'' of the Pratapgarh Tea Estate. Later, her parents moved to [[Biswanath Chariali]] with their six children.<ref name="myne">{{cite web | url=http://itsmynortheast.com/2012/06/mridula-barooah/ | title=Mridula Baruah | publisher=It's My North-East | accessdate=22 January 2013 | archivedate=1 November 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101042558/http://itsmynortheast.com/2012/06/mridula-barooah/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Entry into acting ==<br />
While studying in 10th grade at Sotia's school, Mridula Baruah participated in a school drama competition for the first time, winning third prize. During her college days, she participated in the All-Assam Surya Bora Memorial One-Act Play competition, where she won first prize for acting. Her talent was discovered by film director and actor [[Abdul Majid]], opening the door to her career in Assamese cinema.<ref name="myne" /><br />
<br />
== Film career ==<br />
Mridula Baruah’s acting career began with the film ''Upapath,'' directed by [[Hemanta Dutta]] and produced by Pramod Baruah. Around the same time, director Dwijendra Narayan Dev was searching for a new actress for his film ''Moromi.'' Actor Hiren Choudhury introduced him to Mridula Baruah, who was eventually cast in the lead role. Thus, while still in college, she got the opportunity to act in lead roles in two films. Although ''Upapath'' (1980) was her first acting project, ''Moromi'' (1978) was released earlier, making it her debut film.<ref name="myne" /><br />
<br />
In 1979, her film ''Megh Mukti'' was released, where she played dual roles as twin sisters. It was the first Assamese film featuring dual roles. Subsequently, she delivered hits like ''Bowari'' (1982) and ''Kokadeuta Nati aru Hati'' (1983), establishing herself as a versatile actress. Later, films like ''Maa'' (1986) and ''Pratima'' (1987), where she portrayed older female characters, added to her acclaim.<ref name="myne" /><br />
<br />
Throughout her acting career, she played a wide range of roles, from innocent rural girls to negative characters like in ''Hiya Diya Niya'' (2000). She also appeared in [[Bhupen Hazarika]]'s Hindi film ''Kalsandhya'' (1997) as a guest artist with a slightly negative role. Her performances in films like ''Aawaran'' (1993), ''Itihas'' (1996), and ''Gun Gun Gane Gane'' (2002) received critical acclaim.<ref name="myne" /><br />
<br />
Besides films, Mridula Baruah has acted in more than 30 VCD films, several Hindi and Assamese television serials, and telefilms.<ref name="nwall">{{cite web | url=http://www.nthwall.com/as/5678900075 | title=Mridula Baruah | publisher=Nth Wall | accessdate=22 January 2013 | archivedate=10 February 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210073040/http://www.nthwall.com/as/5678900075 | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
In 2000, she debuted as a producer, producing two serials for [[Doordarshan]].<ref name="myne" /> She also produced around ten documentaries for the Government of Assam.<ref name="nwall" /><ref name="myne" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and recognitions ==<br />
* Best Actress, 1984 (By Assam Artist Association), Film: ''Kokadeuta Nati aru Hati''<ref name="myne" /><br />
* Best Supporting Actress, 1987 (By Eastern India Motion Pictures), Film: ''Maa''<ref name="myne" /><br />
* Best Supporting Actress, 2005 (Assam State Film Award)<ref name="myne" /><br />
* Lifetime Achievement Award, 2021 (By Asom Star)<ref name="Lifetime">{{cite web | url=https://dainikasam.assamtribune.com/full-page-pdf/epaper/pdf/2021/10/27/dainik-asam/2995/epaper-page-3?infinitescroll=1 | title=Announcement of 'Asom Star Awards 2021' | publisher=Dainik Asam | work=Dainik Asam | date=27 October 2021 | accessdate=28 October 2021 | pages=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{refbegin|3}}<br />
*[[Kadambari]]<br />
*[[Hepah]] (2003)<br />
*[[Kanyadan (film)|Kanyadan]] (2002)<br />
*[[Tumi Mor Matho Mor]] (2000)<br />
*[[Hiya Diya Niya]] (2000)<br />
*[[Itihas (1995 film)|Itihas]] (1996)<br />
*[[Sarathi (film)|Sarathi]] (1992)<br />
*[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]] (1990)<br />
*[[Bhai-Bhai (1989 film)|Bhai-Bhai]] (1989)<br />
*[[Arati (film)|Arati]] (1986)<br />
*[[Moromi]] (1978)<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baruah, Mridula}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Assamese cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jasmin_Bajwa&diff=505764Jasmin Bajwa2026-03-14T18:15:21Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Jasmin Bajwa<br />
| image = Jasmin Bajwa snapped promoting Kanneda (Cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Bajwa in March 2025<br />
| image size = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| occupation = Actress and model<br />
| years_active = 2018–present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jasmin Bajwa''' is an Indian actress and model who predominantly works in [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films. Bajwa made her acting debut with the Punjabi web series ''[[Yaar Jigree Kasooti Degree]]'' and made her [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film debut with ''[[Soorma]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jasmin Bajwa: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/jasmin-bajwa |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-26 |title=#RepublicDay Special! Jasmin Bajwa recalls being dressed in tricolor and performing at school |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/republicday-special-jasmin-bajwa-recalls-being-dressed-in-tricolor-and-performing-at-school/articleshow/89140883.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She acted in the music video of the [[Sharry Mann]] song "Birthday Gift". She played the lead role in the Punjabi films ''Doorbeen'' and ''[[Gaddi Jaandi Ae Chalaangaan Maardi]]''.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Bajwa made her career debut in the 2018 web series ''[[Yaar Jigree Kasooti Degree|Yaar Jigree Kasuti Degree]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-17 |title=When I debuted in Punjabi OTT, audiences didn't even know about web series: Jasmin Bajwa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/jasmin-bajwa-from-web-series-to-the-big-screen-the-power-of-ott-in-entertainment/articleshow/106904645.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She later worked in the Hindi films ''[[Soorma (film)|Soorma]]'' and ''[[Manmarziyaan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-23 |title=#BigInterview: Jasmin Bajwa on her initial acting days: I used to observe Taapsee Pannu on sets 'Manmarziyaan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/biginterview-jasmin-bajwa-on-her-initial-acting-days-i-used-to-observe-taapsee-pannu-on-sets-manmarziyaan/articleshow/89077941.cms |access-date=2025-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2019, She played the lead role in the Punjabi film ''Doorbeen''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doorbeen: The Second Lead Pair, Jass Bajwa And Jasmin Bajwa Look Adorable As Ranjit Singh And Sohni {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/doorbeen-the-second-lead-pair-jass-bajwa-and-jasmin-bajwa-look-adorable-as-ranjit-singh-and-sohni/5d7920c5def098574f7b228f |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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She later acted in other Punjabi films such as ''[[Sufna]]'', ''Fuffad Ji'', ''[[Ghund Kadh Le Ni Sohreyan Da Pind Aa Gaya|Sohranyan Da Pind Aa Gaya]]'' and more. She started her modeling career in 2020 with [[Sharry Mann]]'s song "Birthday Gift".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sharry Mann hits the music charts with his latest song 'Birthday Gift' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/sharry-mann-hits-the-music-charts-with-his-latest-song-birthday-gift/articleshow/75027237.cms |access-date=2025-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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She played a supporting role in the Punjabi-language comedy film ''[[Jatt and Juliet 3]]'' directed by [[Jagdeep Sidhu]], alongside [[Diljit Dosanjh]] and [[Neeru Bajwa]]. It became the [[List of highest-grossing Punjabi-language films|2nd highest-grossing Punjabi film of all time]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jatt And Juliet 3 Set To Be Biggest Punjabi Worldwide Grosser Ever - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8603 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> She worked in [[Parmish Verma]] web series ''[[Kanneda]]'', which came out in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-06 |title=Jasmin Bajwa Reveals How Her Character Is 'Both Mirror And Catalyst' To Parmish Verma's Role In Kanneda - EXCL |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/jasmin-bajwa-reveals-how-her-character-is-both-mirror-and-catalyst-to-parmish-vermas-role-in-kanneda-excl-article-118743545/amp |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> This web series was released on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]].<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|- <br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Language<br />
! class=unsortable| Notes<br />
! class=unsortable| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2018<br />
| ''[[Soorma]]''<br />
| Minaxi Singh<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Hindi]]<br />
| Debut Hindi film<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manmarziyaan]]''<br />
| Keraat<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-23 |title=#BigInterview: Jasmin Bajwa on her initial acting days: I used to observe Taapsee Pannu on sets 'Manmarziyaan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/biginterview-jasmin-bajwa-on-her-initial-acting-days-i-used-to-observe-taapsee-pannu-on-sets-manmarziyaan/articleshow/89077941.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''Doorbeen''<br />
| Sohnai<br />
| rowspan="7"|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />
|Debut Punjabi film<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-11 |title=Doorbeen: After Ninja and Wamiqa Gabbi, here are the character poster of Jass Bajwa and Jasmin Bajwa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/doorbeen-after-ninja-and-wamiqa-gabbi-here-are-the-character-poster-of-jass-bajwa-and-jasmin-bajwa/articleshow/71080644.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[Sufna]]''<br />
| Tasveer<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''Fuffad Ji''<br />
| Paali<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fuffad Ji release date: When and where to watch the Punjabi period drama film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/fuffad-ji-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-punjabi-period-drama-film/be2a6fc530308 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''[[Khaao Piyo Aish Karo]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2023<br />
| ''[[Ghund Kadh Le Ni Sohreyan Da Pind Aa Gaya|Sohranyan Da Pind Aa Geya]]''<br />
| Sanjh<br />
|<br />
|{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gaddi Jaandi Ae Chalaangaan Maardi]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-29 |title=Gaddi Jaandi Ae Chalaangaan Maardi movie review: A run-of-the-mill situational comedy that works in parts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/gaddi-jaandi-ae-chalaangaan-maardi-movie-review-a-run-of-the-mill-situational-comedy-that-works-in-parts-8961914/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Jatt & Juliet 3]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|- <br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Language<br />
! class=unsortable| Notes<br />
! class=unsortable| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| ''[[Yaar Jigree Kasooti Degree]]''<br />
| Daizy Garewal<br />
| Punjabi<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
| ''[[Kanneda]]''<br />
| Harleen<br />
| Hindi<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Parmish Verma-starrer high-stakes thriller 'Kanneda' to premiere on JioHotstar in March |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/ott/parmish-verma-starrer-high-stakes-thriller-kanneda-to-premiere-on-jiohotstar-in-march-823480 |website=dtnext |language=en |date=18 February 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|1689341}}<br />
* {{Instagram|jasminbajwa22}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajwa, Jasmin}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyuni&diff=542203Tyuni2026-03-08T11:40:26Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Administrative division of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} <br />
'''Tehsil Tyuni''' (also written as Tiuni) is a [[tehsil]], or administrative division, in the [[Dehradun district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dehradun.nic.in/tehsils/ | title=Tehsil &#124; District Dehradun &#124; India }}</ref> It is located in the northern part of the district and shares its borders with the tehsil [[Chakrata]] to south, district [[Uttarkashi]] to north and [[Shimla district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttarakhand/districts/dehradun.htm|title=Dehradun District Map|website=Maps of India}}</ref> The tehsil headquarters is located in the town of Tyuni, which is also the largest town in the tehsil. The town is also the largest one in the tribal belt of [[Jaunsar Bawar]].<br />
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The tehsil headquarter is situated on the banks of [[Tons river]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2011/09/110904_bus_accident_pa|title=60 लोगों से भरी बस नदी में गिरी|date=September 4, 2011|website=BBC News हिंदी}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/dehradun-accident-news-himachal-number-car-fell-into-ditch-in-tiuni-vikasnagar|title=Dehradun: अनियंत्रित होकर टौंस नदी में गिरी हिमाचल की कार, चालक का नहीं लगा कोई सुराग|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> a major tributary of [[Yamuna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/tons|title=Tons &#124; Uttarakhand Tourism|website=uttarakhandtourism.gov.in}}</ref> Situated around 170&nbsp;km from the state's winter capital Dehradun, Tiuni is around 16&nbsp;km from the Hanol temple of [[Shiva|Mahasu]], a key god in Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devbhoomilive.com/jagad-organized-in-hanol-temple-of-tuni/|title=त्यूणी के हनोल मंदिर में जागड़ का आयोजन – डीएम ने व्यवस्थाओं को दुरुस्त करने के दिए निर्देश|accessdate=3 February 2024}}</ref> As it is a tribal belt, Tiuni celebrates some unique festivals like Maroj, Jagra, Bissu, Budhi Diwali and Jakholi fair.<br />
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The economy of the tehsil is primarily agricultural, with crops such as rice and wheat being the main sources of income for the local population. The tehsil has an unfulfilled tourism potential with several places of archaeological and natural heritage nearby. Tiuni has many schools, one govt inter college, and a govt degree college. The tehsil is well-connected to the rest of the district and the state by a network of roads.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
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Ever since independence, the area is a bastion for Congress party. It is a part of Chakrata assembly constituency,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220701051833/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/15-Chakrata(ST).pdf Chakrata] </ref> dominated earlier by Gulab Singh and now his son [[Pritam Singh (Uttarakhand politician)|Pritam Singh]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyuni}}<br />
[[Category:Tehsils of Uttarakhand]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruthani_(film)&diff=452690Thiruthani (film)2026-03-06T02:03:05Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Thiruthani poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Perarasu]]<br />
| writer = Perarasu<br />
| producer = C. Baskar<br />
| starring = [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]]<br />[[Sunaina]]<br />[[Rajkiran]]<br />
| cinematography = K. Bala<br />
| editing = V. Jaishankar<br />
| music = Perarasu<br />
| studio = VK Media<br />
| released = {{Film date|2012|10|19|df=yes|ref1=}}<br />
| runtime = 145 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = <!--Must Cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must Cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Thiruthani''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] written and directed by [[Perarasu]], who has also composed the soundtrack and background score. Marketed as "Action Avatharam", the film stars [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] and [[Sunaina]] in the lead roles, while [[Rajkiran]], [[Pandiarajan]] and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] play other pivotal roles, [[Kottachi]] and [[Appukutty]] provide the much needed comic relief. The cinematography was handled by K. Bala and editing by V. Jaishankar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharath-Perarasu: Duo combo ready to strike with Thiruthani |url=https://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=tiruthani.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218154734/https://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=tiruthani.txt |archive-date=18 February 2010 |access-date=28 October 2009 |website=Tamilnadu Entertainment |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=August 25, 2012 |title=Audio Beat: Thiruthani |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-thiruthani/article3821039.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103092012/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-thiruthani/article3821039.ece |archive-date=2026-01-03 |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Thiruthani'' was released on 19 October 2012.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Velu is a gym instructor who beats up men who cause trouble to his sister for celebrating [[Diwali]]. Duraipandi is an ex-military officer, who proudly watches the fight along with many others, but becomes furious when Velu refuses to save an athlete from having his leg broken, despite his pleas for help. It is here that Velu justifies his actions, saying that everyone stood watching as his unconscious mother was left locked up in a burning building for fear that they would be killed by the local goons. Later, Velu gets involved in an accident causing severe damages to his skull, where the doctor privately tells him that he would only live for another 6 months. Unable to bear the thought of his family being depressed upon his death, Velu becomes harsh with them, believing that this would make them hate him.<br />
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Seeing this, Duraipandi advises Velu to kill the local goons so that everyone can live peacefully and that he will not face prison term as he is about to die. Under the name of Thiruthani, Velu starts to kill the goons and soon becomes one of the most wanted criminals. Andiyappan is a corrupt minister who orders the police to kill Thiruthani in a [[Encounter killings by police|police encounter]]. Shocked at this news, the doctor informs Thiruthani that he lied about his condition only because of Duraipandi's request. Enraged, Thiruthani advances on Duraipandi only to find out that the latter has lost one leg in the army. Thiruthani decides to surrender to the police, but is attacked by Andiyappan and his henchmen. A fight ensues where Thiruthani kills them and Duraipandi takes the blame for the murders where he gets shot by the police. In the aftermath, Velu continues his vigilantism against the goons under the pseudonym of Swami Malai.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] as Velu/Thiruthani/Swami Malai<br />
* [[Sunaina]] as Sugeesha<br />
* [[Rajkiran]] as Duraipandi<br />
* [[Pandiarajan]] as Mohanraj<br />
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Andiyappan<br />
* [[M. S. Baskar]] as Kannayiram<br />
* [[L. Raja]] as Doctor<br />
* [[Chitti Babu (actor)|Chitti Babu]] as Police officer<br />
* [[Vinod Raj (Tamil actor)|Vinod Raj]] as Balu, Velu’s father<br />
* [[Vellai Subbaiah]] as Iyer<br />
* [[Appukutty]] as Velu's friend<br />
* [[Kottachi]] as Velu's friend<br />
* [[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Aavi Andappan<br />
* [[Suryakanth]] as Andiyappan’s henchman<br />
* [[Nellai Siva]] as Orphanage worker<br />
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as ACP Prakash<br />
* [[Fathima Babu]] as Andiyappan’s wife<br />
* Meena Kumari as Mohanraj's wife<br />
* Pushpalatha as Velu’s mother<br />
* Saira as Swetha<br />
* Sugeesha Perarasu as Mohanraj's daughter<br />
* Cheranraj as Henchman<br />
* Rajendranath as Police commissioner<br />
* Harish Ori as Andiyappan’s cousin<br />
* Suresh Nair (Viswa) as Suresh<br />
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Henchman<br />
* [[Ganesh Babu]] as Swetha’s husband<br />
* Anjali Devi as Orphanage worker<br />
* [[M. J. Shriram]] as Doctor<br />
* Thenali as Velu's friend<br />
* Chinrasu as Velu's friend<br />
* Kili Ramachandran as Velu's friend<br />
* Usha Elizabeth as Geetha<br />
* [[Perarasu]] as Ramalingam (cameo appearance)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
{{Expand section|date=February 2026}}<br />
<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2008 |title=Prakash Raj gets too busy for Tamil? |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-gets-too-busy-for-tamil-news-tamil-kkfs7Dfjeda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311143006/https://www.sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-gets-too-busy-for-tamil-news-tamil-kkfs7Dfjeda.html |archive-date=11 March 2014 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-09-08 |title=Bharath & Perarasu is back with Thiruthani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/bharath-perarasu-is-back-with-thiruthani/articleshow/4981927.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231220400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/bharath-perarasu-is-back-with-thiruthani/articleshow/4981927.cms |archive-date=31 December 2025 |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Bharath is a gym trainer in Tiruthani |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-is-a-gym-trainer-in-tiruthani-news-tamil-ldemaIcibff.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307131404/https://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-is-a-gym-trainer-in-tiruthani-news-tamil-ldemaIcibff.html |archive-date=7 March 2011 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 19, 2012 |title=Perarasu is back! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/perarasu-is-back/articleshow/15557222.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620140336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/perarasu-is-back/articleshow/15557222.cms |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2011 |title=Sunaina, on 'Thiruthani' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2011/Jun/01/sunaina-on-thiruthani-258568.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231144047/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2011/Jun/01/sunaina-on-thiruthani-258568.html |archive-date=31 Dec 2025 |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2011 |title=Countdown to rock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/Apr/28/countdown-to-rock-248375.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260306015457/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/Apr/28/countdown-to-rock-248375.html |archive-date=March 6, 2026 |access-date=March 6, 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The soundtrack is composed by Perarasu in his musical debut,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2009 |title=Filmmaker Perarasu becomes music director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Sep/03/filmmaker-perarasu-becomes-music-director-83116.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 6, 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=6 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260306014359/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Sep/03/filmmaker-perarasu-becomes-music-director-83116.html }}</ref> and he also wrote the lyrics for all songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirutthani |url=https://theavdigital.in/products/thirutthani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260306015057/https://theavdigital.in/products/thirutthani |archive-date=2026-03-06 |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=AVDigital |language=ta}}</ref> The audio was released on 19 August at Kamala Theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Aug 18, 2012 |title=Bharath and Perarasu pins hope on 'Tiruthani' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-and-perarasu-pins-hope-on-tiruthani-news-tamil-miskWMcbide.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025195322/http://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-and-perarasu-pins-hope-on-tiruthani-news-tamil-miskWMcbide.html |archive-date=2012-10-25 |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Aug 21, 2012 |title=Bharath's 'Thiruthani' audio launched |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-s-thiruthani-audio-launched-news-tamil-mivlSBbfcfb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822001156/https://www.sify.com/movies/bharath-s-thiruthani-audio-launched-news-tamil-mivlSBbfcfb.html |archive-date=22 August 2012 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 21, 2012 |title=Thiruthani audio launched |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thiruthani-audio-launched/articleshow/15585585.cms |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620200446/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thiruthani-audio-launched/articleshow/15585585.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
''Musicperk'' wrote, "This one is an overall disappointing show by Perarasu although he shines in parts, the album fails to gel with today’s times. It does not provide anything refreshingly different and innovatively new for the GEN-Y of today. The tunes all seem like you have heard them somewhere before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Venkatrangan |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Thiruthani |url=https://www.musicperk.com/thiruthani/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102123839/https://www.musicperk.com/thiruthani/ |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=20 October 2012 |website=Musicperk |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Nee Enakku Nee Enakku<br />
| note1 = <br />
| extra1 = Karthik, Saindhavi<br />
| title2 = Vaanavedikkai Vedidaa<br />
| note2 = <br />
| extra2 = Tippu<br />
| title3 = Adi Vaanaville<br />
| note3 = <br />
| extra3 = Unni Menon, Chinmayee<br />
| title4 = Yamma Yamma<br />
| note4 = <br />
| extra4 = T. Rajender, Anuradha Sriram<br />
| title5 = Vannarapettai<br />
| note5 = <br />
| extra5 = Tippu, Krishnaveni Perarasu<br />
| title6 = Raja Raja Chozha<br />
| note6 = <br />
| extra6 = Suchitra<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release and reception==<br />
The film was released on 19 October 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2012 |title=Friday Fury&nbsp;– October 19 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-october-19-news-tamil-mktjyMhfgfg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021214516/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-october-19-news-tamil-mktjyMhfgfg.html |archive-date=2012-10-21 |access-date=2026-03-06 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Perarasu manages to give us quite a powerful film, by making sparks fly out of electrical machinery whenever and wherever possible. In these power-strapped times, this is indeed a more fanciful sight than the foreign locations we get to see in the listless songs".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thiruthani Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thiruthani/movie-review/16901642.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523122449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thiruthani/movie-review/16901642.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The film is not as loud and as melodramatic as the director's earlier ventures. In fact with slight alterations, it would have been an ideal script for a mass hero like [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=2012-10-30 |title='Thiruthani' (Tamil) |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/Oct/30/thiruthani-tamil-420253.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222152015/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/Oct/30/thiruthani-tamil-420253.html |archive-date=22 February 2026 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
<br />
{{Perarasu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2012 action films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 masala films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Perarasu]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kushalave_Kshemave&diff=511306Kushalave Kshemave2026-03-04T07:27:59Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created new post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kushalave Kshemave<br />
| image = Kushalave Kshemave.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = [[S. Mahendar]]<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = S. Mahendar<br />
| story = [[R. Balu]]<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]'' (1997)}}<br />
| producer = Dr. Sathyamurthy Kotam Raju<br />
| starring = [[Ramesh Aravind]]<br />Shri Lakshmi<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = D. Srinivasa Rao<br />
| editing = P. R. Sounder Rajan<br />
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]<br />
| studio = Sri Rajarajeshwari Creations<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2003|5|2}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Kushalave Kshemave''''' ({{translation|Have you been doing well?}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[S. Mahendar]] and starring [[Ramesh Aravind]] and Shri Lakshmi. The film is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]'' (1997).<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/kushalave.html|title=KUSHALAVE KSHEMAVE- Review|website=indiainfo.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030607015141/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/kushalave.html|archive-date=7 June 2003|access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> Unlike the original, this film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/news/300503ramesh.html|title=ನಟನಾಗಿ ಸರಣಿ ಸೋಲುಣ್ಣುತ್ತಿರುವ ರಮೇಶ್ ವಿತರಕನಾಗಿ ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಲಾಭ- ನಷ್ಟ ಅನುಭವಿಸಿರುವುದುಂಟು. ಈಗ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕನಾಗಿ ತಮ್ಮ ವರಸೆ ಮೆರೆಯಲು ಅವರು ಸಜ್ಜಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಚೆಂದದ ಕತೆ ಇದ್ದರೆ ಹೇಳಿ.|date=20 May 2003|work=[[Filmibeat]]|language=kn|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615141211/https://kannada.filmibeat.com/news/300503ramesh.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film's story is about Murali, a struggling singer, who starts falling in love with Priya after talking with her over the telephone. While he finds various ways to meet her in real life, her marriage is fixed with another man. The film's title is inspired by a song of the same name from ''[[Yaare Neenu Cheluve]]'' (1998).<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Murali is a college boy and an unemployed singer (with bundles of commitments as he belongs to the lower middle class), who enchants the rich college girl Priya with his musical skills through the telephone. Priya, the music buff who is in the habit of appreciating good singers over the phone, does it with Murali and also sends him greeting cards. The telephonic voice of Priya and her cards turn out to have a tremendous magical romantic effect on the hero (to the point of starvation), who besides falling in one-sided love with her, wants to see her in real life too. Unbeknownst to Murali, Priya is to marry a man named Darshan.<ref name="I"/><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
*[[Ramesh Aravind]] as Murali<br />
*Shri Lakshmi as Priya<br />
*[[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattatreya]]<br />
*[[Mukhyamantri Chandru]]<br />
*[[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]<br />
*[[Michael Madhu]]<br />
* Shyam Navale <br />
*[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Darshan<br />
*[[Shivaram]]<br />
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]<br />
*[[B. V. Radha]]<br />
*[[Renukamma Murgod]]<br />
*[[Kishori Ballal]]<br />
* Ashok Rao<br />
* Bharath Bhagavathar<br />
*[[Ramkumar]] in a guest appearance<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film's title is based on a song from ''[[Yaare Neenu Cheluve]]'' (1998).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/songs-inspire-kannada-film-titles/articleshow/22704605.cms|title=Songs inspire Kannada film titles|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay|date=19 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423200229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/songs-inspire-kannada-film-titles/articleshow/22704605.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The story was reported to be similar to ''[[Beladingala Baale]]'' (1995).<ref name="I"/><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mxdfG4I0EffQNKzx41xDqW26LiAwPo8QA|title=Kushalave Kshemave|date=2003|work=[[YouTube Music]]|access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="J">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kushalave-kshemave/-mAB,Nzj9vI_|title=Kushalave Kshemave|date=2003|work=[[JioSaavn]]|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423231251/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kushalave-kshemave/-mAB,Nzj9vI_|url-status=live}}</ref> and the songs were released under the [[Anand Audio]] label.<ref name="J"/> The lyrics were written by [[K. Kalyan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/top-listing/top-10-soulful-solos-of-rajesh-krishnan-3-1036.html|title=ರಾಜೇಶ್ ಕೃಷ್ಣನ್ ಟಾಪ್10 ಮೆಲೋಡಿಯಸ್ ಸೋಲೋ ಗೀತೆಗಳು|work=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]|language=kn|access-date= 24 April 2024|archive-date= 27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427170345/https://kannada.filmibeat.com/top-listing/top-10-soulful-solos-of-rajesh-krishnan-3-1036.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Except for "Aa Devara Sundara", all songs were reused from the original.<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Telephone Gelathi<br />
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]<br />
| length1 = 5:29<br />
| title2 = Aa Devara Sundara<br />
| extra2 = Rajesh Krishnan<br />
| length2 = 3:59<br />
| title3 = Babilona<br />
| extra3 = Rajesh Krishnan<br />
| length3 = 5:27<br />
| title4 = Kamakshi Meenakshi<br />
| extra4 = [[S. Mahendar]]<br />
| length4 = 4:05<br />
| title5 = Nannolave<br />
| extra5 = Rajesh Krishnan, [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length5 = 5:33<br />
| title6 = Bhagavantha<br />
| extra6 = Rajesh Krishnan<br />
| length6 = 4:29<br />
| total_length=29:02<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'' wrote that "the foundation here is shaky. It is a superhuman idea for the hero to die without seeing the heroine even once" added that the film was saved by Ramesh's performance, the comedy by Sharan and Micheal Madhu and the song "Telephone Gelathi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/reviews/050503kushalave.html|title=ಹೊಳೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಣಸೇ ಹಣ್ಣು ತೊಳೆದಂತಾಗಿರುವ ಎಸ್.ಮಹೇಂದರ್ ಶ್ರಮದ ಈ ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ರಮೇಶ್ ತಮ್ಮ ಹಳೆಯ ಇಮೇಜನ್ನು ನೆನಪಿಸಿರುವುದು ಹೈಲೈಟು.|work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|via=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]|date=5 May 2003|language=kn|access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> A critic from ''indiainfo.com'' wrote that "Its happy time for Ramesh. For sometime we had lost our Ramesh in the ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (film series)|Kathe, Kothi, Kuri]]'' fiasco. But ''Kushalave Kshemave'' is something different. It reminds us a lot of our old Ramesh. The role of an innocent loverboy suits Ramesh very much".<ref name="I"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|14608894}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Films directed by S. Mahendar]]<br />
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Rain_(2013_film)&diff=530154Red Rain (2013 film)2026-03-03T20:44:27Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Article...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian science fiction thriller film}}<br />
{{For|the Mexican film|Red Rain (1950 film)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Red Rain<br />
| image = Red Rain 2013 Movie Poster.jpg<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = DVD Cover<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = [[Rahul Sadasivan]]<br />
| producer = {{plainlist|<br />
* Rahul Sadasivan<br />
* Sachin Sadasivan<br />
}}<br />
| writer = Rahul Sadasivan<br />
| screenplay = Rahul Sadasivan<br />
| story =<br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Narain (actor)|Narain]]<br />
* [[Mohan Sharma]]<br />
* [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]<br />
* [[Tini Tom]]<br />
* [[Leona Lishoy]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = Josh Spear<br />
| cinematography = Jomon Thomas<br />
| editing = Andrea Fortis<br />
| studio = <!-- or: | production_companies = --><br />
| distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2013|12|06}}<br />
| runtime = 101 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| budget =<!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross =<!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Red Rain''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by [[Rahul Sadasivan]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/red-rain-debutant-director-rahul-sadasvian-to-make-a-science-fiction-film/370505-71-210.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601003509/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/red-rain-debutant-director-rahul-sadasvian-to-make-a-science-fiction-film/370505-71-210.html | archivedate=1 June 2014 | title='Red Rain': Debutant director Rahul Sadasvian to make a Science fiction film | date=3 February 2013 | publisher=IBN Live | author=IndiaGlitz | url-status=dead | accessdate=14 March 2018 }}</ref><br />
It stars [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Mohan Sharma]], [[Tini Tom]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]], [[Leona Lishoy]], Andrea Fortis, and Sergio Kalei. ''Red Rain'' was produced by Sachin Sadasivan and Rahul Sadasivan, under the banner Highlands Entertainment, and released theatrically in India on 6 December 2013. The film is loosely based on the [[Red rain in Kerala|Kerala red rain phenomenon]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Red Rain film | date = October 2013 | url = https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/red-rain.html | work = One India Entertainment | access-date = 2 January 2014 | archive-date = 9 September 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130909140314/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/movies/red-rain.html | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Synopsis==<br />
A young scientist investigates a series of mysterious events, such as the unexpected deaths of cattle and bright lights in the sky. He becomes convinced that they are caused by [[extraterrestrial life]]-forms.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/raining-mystery/article4833162.ece ''The Hindu'', Raining mystery, 20 June 2013]</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] as Jay<br />
* [[Mohan Sharma]] as Professor<br />
* Rubia as Victim<br />
* [[Shari (actress)|Shari]] as Victim's mother<br />
* Sachin Sadasivan as Jay's brother<br />
* [[Tini Tom]] as Reporter<br />
* Andrea Fortis as Andrea<br />
* Sergio Kalei as Sergio<br />
* Vishnu Warrier as Neel<br />
* [[Leona Lishoy]] as Neha<br />
* Adinad Sasi as Witness<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Malayalam horror films]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|3806576}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2013 films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian science fiction thriller films]]<br />
<br />
{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assam_(1947%E2%80%931963)&diff=488078Assam (1947–1963)2026-03-03T00:56:14Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added initial details from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|State of India from 1947 to 1963}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{ref improve|date=July 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox former subdivision<br />
| native_name = <br />
| conventional_long_name = State of Assam<br />
| common_name = Assam<br />
| nation = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision = State<br />
| era = <br />
| year_start = 1947<br />
| date_start = <br />
| event_start = <br />
| year_end = 1963<br />
| date_end = <br />
| event_end = <br />
| event1 = <br />
| date_event1 = <br />
| p1 = Assam Province<br />
| s1 = Assam<br />
| s2 = Nagaland<br />
| s3 = Meghalaya<br />
| s4 = Mizoram<br />
| s5 = Arunachal Pradesh<br />
| flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg<br />
| flag_s1 =<br />
| flag_s2 =<br />
| flag_s3 = Meghalaya Flag(INDIA).png<br />
| flag_s4 = Mizoram Flag(INDIA).png<br />
| flag_s5 = Flag of Arunachal Pradesh.svg<br />
| image_flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| image_coat = Seal of Assam.svg<br />
| image_map = Assam in India (1951).svg<br />
| image_map_caption = Location of Assam in India, 1951<br />
| capital = [[Shillong]]<br />
| stat_area1 = 121908<ref>Province area. Total area including dependent states (Manipur - 8456 sq mi and Khasi Hills - 6157 sq mi) is 61,682 sq mi (159755 км2)</ref><ref>The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908) Vol. IV. p.14.</ref><br />
| stat_year1 = <br />
| stat_area2 = 202270<ref>Province area after [[Simla Convention]] and accession of South Tibet excluding dependent states.</ref><br />
| stat_year2 = <br />
| stat_pop1 = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demonym = <br />
| today = <br />
| life_span = <br />
| p2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Undivided Assam''' refers to the then undivided greater state of [[Assam]] in India soon after the [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947 until 1963. In addition to the present-day Assam, it included the current states of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Nagaland]] and [[Mizoram]]. The capital of this state was [[Shillong]], currently the capital of Meghalaya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assam Gazzeter: Geology|url=http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/assamgazetter?webContentId=172774 |date= |publisher=Government of Assam |page= 33|accessdate=}}</ref> Undivided Assam included five of the seven contiguous states of [[Northeast India]]—with [[Tripura]] and [[Manipur]] not being a part of it. <br />
<br />
Prior to the [[Partition of India]], [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] was a part of Assam.<br />
<br />
Undivided Assam had a total area of {{convert|234568|km2|abbr=on}} which is slightly smaller than the nation of [[Ghana]]. The present day population of Undivided Assam would be 50 million which is slightly less than the population of [[South Korea]].<br />
<br />
==Present day==<br />
[[File:Linguistic map of Northeast India English Native.png|thumb|300px|[[Scheduled languages of India|"Scheduled"]] and "non-scheduled" official languages of [[Northeast India]]n states]]<br />
<br />
After the partition, Undivided Assam was carved into following states:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date<br />
! State/UT<br />
!Country<br />
!Note<br />
|-<br />
|15 Aug 1947<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |{{flagicon|IND}} India<br />
| rowspan="5" |Became states of Republic of India<br />
|-<br />
| 1 Dec 1963<br />
| [[Nagaland]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2 Apr 1970<br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 21 Jan 1972<br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br />
|-<br />
| 21 Jan 1972<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
* ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]<br />
<br />
{{Assam-geo-stub}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Assam}}<br />
[[Category:Former states and territories of India|A]]<br />
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1963 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1940s in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:1950s in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:1960s in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Northeast India]]<br />
[[Category:History of Assam (1947–present)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magrahat_Purba_Assembly_constituency&diff=460452Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency2026-02-19T15:51:12Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Magrahat Purba<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Magrahat Purba.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Magrahat Purba Assembly Constituency<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| mla = [[Namita Saha]]<br />
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| alliance = <br />
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[South 24 Parganas]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jaynagar]]<br />
| constituency_no = 141<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = 242,395<br />
| reservation = SC<br />
| abolished = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|State]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Delimitation of constituencies]] in the [[West Bengal]], Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency is composed of the following:<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 25 October 2010|work = West Bengal| publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
* [[Magrahat II]] community development block<br />
<br />
Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency is a part of No. 19 [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="4"|''Magrahat''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|Abdul Hashem<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|Abdul Hashem<br />
|-<br />
|Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="4"|''Magrahat Purba''<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Radhika Ranjan Pramanik]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|[[Manoranjan Halder]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Radhika Ranjan Pramanik]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Nirmal Sinha<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Bansari Mohan Kanji<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Namita Saha]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2026===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Magrahat Purba}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = <br />
|party = Trinamool Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = <br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = <br />
|party = Left Front (West Bengal) <br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = <br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = <br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Magrahat Purba}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Namita Saha]]<br />
|votes = 1,10,945<br />
|percentage = 53.82<br />
|change = {{increase}}5.12<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Chandan Kumar Naskar<br />
|votes = 56,866<br />
|percentage = 27.58<br />
|change = {{increase}}22.43<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Chandan Saha<br />
|votes = 33,822<br />
|percentage = 16.41<br />
|change = {{decrease}}27.09<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]<br />
|votes = 1,480<br />
|percentage = 0.72<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.09<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Mandal<br />
|votes = 1,209<br />
|percentage = 0.59<br />
|change = {{down}}0.03<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 54,079<br />
|percentage = 26.24<br />
|change = {{increase}}21.04<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 2,06,153<br />
|percentage = 85.00<br />
|change = {{decrease}}1.66<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Magrahat Purba}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Namita Saha]]<br />
|votes = 89,486<br />
|percentage = 48.70<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.98<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Chandan Saha<br />
|votes = 79,926<br />
|percentage = 43.50<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.37<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Chandan Kumar Naskar<br />
|votes = 9,460<br />
|percentage = 5.15<br />
|change = {{increase}}2.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]<br />
|votes = 1,491<br />
|percentage = 0.81<br />
|change = {{new}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Rabiram Naskar<br />
|votes = 1,371<br />
|percentage = 0.75<br />
|change = {{new}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Mandal<br />
|votes = 1,133<br />
|percentage = 0.62<br />
|change = {{new}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Pitam Mandal<br />
|votes = 877<br />
|percentage = 0.48<br />
|change = {{new}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 9,560<br />
|percentage = 5.2<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.91<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 1,83,744<br />
|percentage = 86.66<br />
|change = {{increase}}1.39<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Magrahat Purba<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=141| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513170852/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=141| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 13 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Magrahat Purba| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 30 April 2011}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Namita Saha]]<br />
|votes = 75,217<br />
|percentage = 49.68<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Chandan Saha<br />
|votes = 66,414<br />
|percentage = 41.08<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Ratan Kumar Sardar<br />
|votes = 4,476<br />
|percentage = 2.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Swapan Mondal<br />
|votes = 1,419<br />
|percentage = 0.94<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Namita Mistri<br />
|votes = 640<br />
|percentage = 0.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 8,803<br />
|percentage = 6.11<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 1,51,397<br />
|percentage = 85.27<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Legislative Assembly Elections 1977-2006===<br />
In 2006<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Bansari Mohan Kanji of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency defeating his nearest rival Namita Saha of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]. Nirmal Sinha of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] defeated Namita Saha of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Radhika Ranjan Pramanik of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] defeated Manoranjan Halder of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Nirmal Kanti Mondal of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and Manoranjan Halder of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp121.htm |title =121 - Magrahat East (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 October 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legislative Assembly Elections 1952-1972===<br />
Manoranjan Halder of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Radhika Ranjan Pramanik of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] won in 1962.<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> In 1957 and 1952, Magrahat Assembly constituency had joint seats. In 1957,<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Abdul Hashem and Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar, both of [[Indian National Congress|INC]], won. In 1952, Abdul Hashem and Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar, both of [[Indian National Congress|INC]], won.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{South 24 Parganas}}<br />
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of South 24 Parganas district]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Singh_(Karnataka_politician)&diff=478472Vijay Singh (Karnataka politician)2026-02-16T02:15:39Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| office =Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]<br />
| term_start =2015<ref name="Karnataka MLC election 2023">{{Cite web <br />
|title=Congress dominates Karnataka MLC polls with 13 seats; Vijay Singh among key winners|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/karnataka-mlc/congress-dominates-mlc-polls/article12345678.ece <br />
|access-date=2025-06-27 <br />
|website=The Hindu <br />
|date=15 December 2023 <br />
}} <br />
</ref><ref name="Karnataka MLC election 2021">{{Cite web <br />
|title=Karnataka Legislative Council election results: Vijay Singh from Bidar among winners <br />
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Karnataka-Legislative-Council-election-results/article60227333.ece <br />
|access-date=2025-07-31 <br />
|website=The Hindu <br />
|date=14 December 2011 <br />
}} <br />
</ref> <br />
| term_end =2021<ref name="Karnataka MLC candidate">{{Cite web |title=Karnataka MLC Candidate Details |url=https://myneta.info/karnatakamlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=231&print=true |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = <br />
| constituency = <br />
| office1 = <br />
| term_start1 = <br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| party =[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="Vijay Singh Bidar Candidature">{{Cite web |title=Congress fields Vijay Singh from Bidar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/congress-fields-vijay-singh-from-bidar/article7963415.ece |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Hindu |date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| profession =politician, Social Worker and Businessmen<ref name="Vijay Singh Profile">{{Cite web |title=Vijay Singh Profile, News, Photos & Political Career - Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2023/bidar/key-candidates-vijay-singh |access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref><br />
| father =[[Dharam Singh]]<ref name="Dharam Singh's son bypoll">{{Cite web |title=Karnataka: Vijay Singh, Former CM Dharam Singh's son, eyes bypoll ticket |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/former-cm-dharam-singhs-son-eyes-bypoll-ticket/articleshow/79197939.cms |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Times of India |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><br />
| signature = <br />
| website = <br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vijay Singh'''<ref name="Deccan Chronicle Bidar Seat">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-09-05 |title=Bidar Lok Sabha seat: Will Congress pick Eshwar Khandre or Vijay Singh? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/050918/bidar-lok-sabha-seat-will-congress-pick-eshwar-khandre-or-vijay-singh.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=2024-06-30 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician affiliated with the [[Indian National Congress]] Party. He was a candidate in the 2015 [[Karnataka]] MLC elections and was elected.<ref name="Congress MLC candidates 2015">{{cite web<br />
|title=Congress finalises list of 21 candidates for MLC polls; Vijay Singh among nominees<br />
|url=https://nasheman.in/congress-finalises-list-of-21-candidates-for-mlc-polls/<br />
|website=Nasheman<br />
|date=4 December 2015<br />
|access-date=2025-06-27<br />
}}</ref><ref name="TheHindu Bidar">{{Cite web<br />
|title=Vijay Singh: Cong candidate wins with a big margin in Bidar <br />
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cong-candidate-wins-with-a-big-margin-in-bidar/article8047293.ece <br />
|website=The Hindu <br />
|date=2016-03-04 <br />
|access-date=2024-06-30 <br />
|language=en <br />
}}</ref> He also contested the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Basavakalyan Assembly constituency]] in 2023<ref name="Basavakalyan Election Results">{{Cite web |title=Vijay Singh MLA Candidate Basavakalyan Election Results 2023 Karnataka Election Results |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023/basavakalyan |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> but was defeated by [[Sharanu Salagar]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="DailyJagran Basavakalyan">{{Cite news <br />
|title=Basavakalyan Assembly Election 2023: BJP's Sharanu Salagar defeats Congress' Vijay Singh <br />
|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/elections/basavakalyan-assembly-election-2023-karnataka-mla-results-bjp-congress-jds-aap-candidates-list-sharanu-salagar-vijay-singh-10074513 <br />
|work=The Daily Jagran <br />
|date=2023-05-13 <br />
|access-date=2024-06-30 <br />
|language=en <br />
}}</ref> In 2020, he sought the party ticket for the [[Basavakalyan Assembly constituency]] by-election<ref name="Dharam Singh's son bypoll">{{Cite web |title=Karnataka: Vijay Singh, Former CM Dharam Singh's son, eyes bypoll ticket |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/former-cm-dharam-singhs-son-eyes-bypoll-ticket/articleshow/79197939.cms |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Times of India |date=13 November 2020}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Vijay}}<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pragjyotishpur_Medical_College_%26_Hospital&diff=526255Pragjyotishpur Medical College & Hospital2026-02-06T07:11:46Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Medical school in Assam, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox university <br />
| name = Pragjyotishpur Medical College and Hospital<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|2025|2|1}}<br />
| type = Medical college<br />
| motto = <br />
| motto_lang =<br />
| mottoeng =<br />
| image =<br />
| city = [[Guwahati]], [[Kamrup district]]<br />
| state = [[Assam]]<br />
| country = [[India]] <br />
| dean = <br />
| principal = Dr. Basanta Kumar Baishya ''(acting)''<ref>{{cite web |author=G Plus News |date=15 October 2024 |title=Guwahati: Basanta Kumar Baishya Appointed As Acting Principal Of Pragjyotishpur Medical College |url=https://guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/guwahati-basanta-kumar-baishya-appointed-as-acting-principal-of-pragjyotishpur-medical-college |website=Guwahati Plus |publisher=G Plus |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><br />
| director =<br />
| head_label = <br />
| head = <br />
| academic_staff = <br />
| administrative_staff = <br />
| students = <br />
| undergrad = 100<br />
| postgrad = <br />
| doctoral = <br />
| other = <br />
| campus = Urban<br />
| postcode = <br />
| coordinates = <br />
| affiliations = [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]], [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]<br />
| language = <br />
| free_label = <br />
| free = <br />
| free_label2 = <br />
| free2 = <br />
| colors = <!--or, colours= --><br />
| athletics = <br />
| sports = <br />
| athletics_nickname = <!--or, sports_nickname= --><br />
| sporting_affiliations = <br />
| mascot = <!--or, mascots= --><br />
| sports_free_label = <br />
| sports_free = <br />
| sports_free_label2 = <br />
| sports_free2 =<br />
| website =<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_size = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Pragjyotishpur Medical College and Hospital''' is the fourteenth government medical college of Assam located in Guwahati, Assam.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=15 February 2022 |title=Guwahati to have second medical college for Rs 1,000 crore |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/guwahati-to-have-second-medical-college-for-rs-1000-crore-4773755.html |website=News18 |publisher=Network18 Media & Investments Ltd |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=India Today Web Desk |date=15 February 2022 |title=Second Medical College to Come Up in Guwahati for Rs 1,000 Crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/guwahati/story/second-medical-college-to-come-up-guwahati-rs-1000-crore-1913281-2022-02-15 |website=India Today |publisher=Living Media India Limited |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> The medical college became functional from 1 February 2025 with the commencement of outpatient department services.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date= February 2025|title=Guwahati's 2nd medical college & hosp becomes functional |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/guwahatis-2nd-medical-college-hosp-becomes-functional/articleshow/117839946.cms |website=The Times of India |location=Guwahati |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. |access-date=6 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Parikalpita Gogoi |date=2 February 2025 |title=New Medical College & Hospital In Guwahati Becomes Operational |url=https://pragnews.com/index.php/regional/new-medical-college-in-guwahati |website=Prag News |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The Sentinel Assam |date=26 April 2025 |title=Guwahati: CM Himanta Opens OPD Services at Pragjyotishpur Medical College |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/guwahati-cm-himanta-opens-opd-services-at-pragjyotishpur-medical-college |website=The Sentinel Assam |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=15 February 2022 |title=By 2029, Assam to have a total of 24 medical colleges: CM Himanta Biswa Sarma |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/by-2029-assam-to-have-a-total-of-24-medical-colleges-cm-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/117838122.cms |website=The Economic Times |publisher=The Times Group |access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> Currently the college has an intact capacity of 100 undergraduate students, from academic year 2025-26.<ref name="pragjyotishpur.medical.approval">{{cite web |last=staff reporter |first= |title=Assam’s 14th & Guwahati’s 2nd medical college gets approval |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assams-14th-guwahatis-2nd-medical-college-gets-approval/articleshow/123683642.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. |date=2025-09-03 |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref><ref name="pdf.bbsr.notice">{{cite web |title=Untitled/Bhubaneswar PDF Notice |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3e0f7a4d0ef9b84b83b693bbf3feb8e6e/uploads/2025/09/202509031698873810.pdf |website=S3WAAS, Bhubaneswar |publisher=Government of Odisha |date=2025-09-03 |access-date=2025-09-18}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://pragjyotishpur-mch.assam.gov.in/ official website]<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Assam}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Affiliates of Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Guwahati]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karamat_Ali_Karamat&diff=508484Karamat Ali Karamat2025-12-29T03:26:00Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Urdu-language author and mathematician (1936–2022)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox mathematician<br />
| honorific_prefix = Doctor, Professor<br />
| name = Karamat Ali Karamat<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_name = Karamat Ali<br />
|birth_date = 23 September 1936<br />
| birth_place = Odia Bazar, [[Cuttack]], [[Orissa Province]], British India<br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2022|08|05|1936|09|23}}<br />
|death_place = Cuttack, [[Odisha]], [[India]]<br />
| parents = [[Rahmat Ali Rahmat]] (father)<br />
| occupation = Poet, [[literary critic]], writer, translator, and mathematician<br />
| citizenship = British India<br />[[India]]<br />
|education = [[B.Sc]]<br />[[M.Sc]]<br /> [[Ph.D]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw Collegiate School]]<br />[[Ravenshaw College]]<br />[[Sambalpur University]]<br />
| notable_works = {{hlist|''Aab e Khizar''|''Lafzon Ka Aakāsh''|''Izāfi Tanqīd''}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage |Zubaida Ali|23 May 1959 |26 January 2020 |end=d.}}<br />
| relatives = <br />
| awards =[[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Urdu|Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize for Urdu]] (2004)<br />
| years_active = 1953–2022<br />
| doctoral_advisor = Mahendra Nath Mishra<br />
| thesis_title = Some Properties of Random Equations<br />
| thesis_url = http://hdl.handle.net/10603/187450<br />
| thesis_year = 1978<br />
| fields = [[Probability theory]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Karamat Ali Karamat''' (1936–2022) was an Indian [[Urdu]] poet, author, [[literary critic]], and mathematician. Karamat is known for collecting and introducing [[Odisha]]'s [[Urdu literature]] to the Urdu-speaking world. His works include ''Aab e Khizar'' (1963), ''Shu'aon Ki Salīb'' (1972), ''Izāfi Tanqīd'' (1977), ''Lafzon Kā Aasmān'' (1984), and ''Lafzon Kā Ākāsh'' (2000). Karamat received the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Urdu#Recipients|2004 Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for his Urdu translation, ''Lafzon Kā Ākāsh''.<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Karamat was born in Odia Bazar, [[Cuttack]], on 23 September 1936, to [[Rahmat Ali Rahmat]] (1891–1963) and Wazeerun Nisa.<ref name="ashrafi" /><ref name="Rao">{{cite book |last1=Dutt |first1=Kartik Chandra |title=Who's Who Of Indian Writers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&dq=Selected+poems+of+Karamat+Ali+Karamat&pg=PA572|date=1999|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=283 |isbn=9788126008735 |access-date= 20 December 2022|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|pp=30-33}} Karamat's father was a year ahead of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (1897–1945) at [[Ravenshaw Collegiate School]], and Bose and Rahmat placed first in their respective classes.{{Sfn|Naqueeb|2014|p=12–33}} Rahmat was a mathematician, an [[intellectual]], and an Urdu poet.{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=161}}<br />
<br />
Karamat learned to read the [[Quran]], basic Urdu, and [[Persian language|Persian]] from Muhammad Kāzim Sūngravi. He also learned Persian from his father, learned science and [[Odia literature]] from tutor Jadumani Rath, and developed a command of [[mathematics]] (particularly [[geometry]]).{{Sfn|Naqueeb|2014|p=12–33}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=34}} After finishing his primary education, Karamat completed his ninth standard at Khallikot Collegiate School in [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Berhampur]]{{Sfn|Naqueeb|2014|p=12, 33}} and passed his 10th standard ([[matriculation]]) in the first division of Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack in 1952.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=07}} In 1954, he passed the [[Higher Secondary School Certificate#India|intermediate]] examination in the first division at [[Ravenshaw College]] in Cuttack.<ref name="Amīn">{{cite web|last1=Mayūrbhanji|first1=Md Rūhul Amīn|title=کرامت علی کرامت: حیات و خدمات|trans-title=Karāmat Alī Karāmat: Life and works|publisher=qindeelonline.com|date=28 July 2022|url=https://qindeelonline.com/karamat-ali-karamat/|access-date=20 December 2022|language=ur|archive-date=28 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728142531/https://qindeelonline.com/karamat-ali-karamat/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=35}} Karamat received [[Bachelor of Science]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees from Ravenshaw College in 1956 and 1958, respectively,{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=13}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Association |first=Indian Science Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhgWAQAAIAAJ&q=Prof.+Karamat+Ali+Odisha |title=Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress |date=1964 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |pages=130 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhushan |first=Ravi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usScAAAAMAAJ&q=Karamat+Ali |title=Learned Asia Educationists Who's Who |date=1992 |publisher=Rifacimento International |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref> and received a [[gold medal]] in addition to his master's degree.{{Sfn|Karāmat|1963|p=178}}{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=298}}<br />
<br />
In 1978, he began [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral]] studies at [[Sambalpur University]] under the supervision of Mahendra Nath Mishra. Karamat's thesis on [[probability theory]] in mathematics was entitled "Some Properties of Random Equations", and he received his Ph.D. on 13 November 1982.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=07}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|pp=35 - 36}} American mathematician [[Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid]] included Karamat's research formulas from his thesis in his own book, ''Random Polynomials''.{{sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=36}}<ref name="Bharucha-Reid">{{cite book |last1=Bharucha-Reid|first1=Albert T.|last2=Sambandham|first2=M.|author1-link=Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid|title=Random Polynomials|date=1986|edition=1st|publisher=Academic Press Inc. Ltd|location= Oval Road, [[London NW1]] |pages=74–77, 100|chapter=D. The Number of Real Zeroes: Coefficients Have a Symmetric Stable Distribution|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Teaching career ==<br />
Karamat joined the Odisha Educational Service as a lecturer in mathematics on 8 September 1958, and was a lecturer at [[S. K. C. G. Autonomous College, Paralakhemundi|S. K. C. G. College, Paralakhemundi]].{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=07}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|pp=35-36}} On 13 July 1959, he became a permanent lecturer in the department of mathematics at Ravenshaw College in Cuttack for a year.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=13}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|pp=36–37}} Karamat was a lecturer at S. K. C. G. College, Paralakhemundi, from 1961 to 1963, and lectured at [[Government Autonomous College, Angul|Science College, Angul]], from 1963 to 1966.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} He returned to Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, in 1966 as a lecturer and remained there until 1969.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} From 1969 to 1979, Karamat was a [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] and chaired the department of mathematics at Sundargarh College in [[Sundargarh]].{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=44}}<br />
<br />
He was a reader at [[Khallikote Unitary University|Khallikote College]] in Berhampur from 10 July to 10 November 1979.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} Karamat was then appointed principal of [[Kendrapara Autonomous College|Kendrapara College]], remaining there until 1980.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=44}} He was a reader at [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College]] in Bhubaneswar from February 1981 to May 1982 and at [[Sailabala Das#Life|Shailabala Women's College]] in Cuttack from June to October 1982.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=07}} From October 1982 to 1986, Karamat was vice principal of Ravenshaw College.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} He was a professor and headed the mathematics department at [[Khallikote Autonomous College]] in Berhampur from February 1986 to 1989, and he was principal of the college until 1990.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} Karamat was appointed president of the [[Bhubaneswar]] Service Selection Board in 1990{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=37}} and [[Retirement age#Retirement age by country and region|retired from government service]] on 30 June 1995.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=08}}<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Karamat married Zubaida Ali, the second daughter of Abdur Rafiq Khan of Talpatak,{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=36}}{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=15}} [[Jagatsinghpur district]],{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=7}} on 23 May 1959.{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=36}} They had one son, Qutub Kāmran, and three daughters: Sanobar Sultāna, Durr-e-Shehwār, and Rafī'a Rabāb. They also had five grandsons: Sārim Ali, Āsim Ali, Khurshīd Ālam, Adeeb Salmān, and Naqeeb Salmān, and three granddaughters: Saltanat Jahān, Pārsa Ambarīn, and Ramīza Faizi.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=15}}{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=10}} In January 2005, he and Zubaida made [[Hajj]]. Zubaida died on 26 January 2020.<ref name="Amīn" /><br />
<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
=== Poetry and criticism ===<br />
Karamat had been interested in literature since he was a college student. Among his poetry teachers were Rehmat Ali Rehmat and [[Amjad Najmi]].{{Sfn|Karāmat|2006|p=9–10}}{{Sfn|Karāmat|1963|p=173}}{{Sfn|Naqueeb|2014|p=38}} Karamat learned [[Arabic prosody]] from Manzar Hasan Desnavi at Ravenshaw College,{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=41}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=35}} and [[Mazhar Imam]] was his advisor for Urdu prose literature in Cuttack.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2006|p=11}}{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=299}}<br />
<br />
He wrote his first ''[[ghazal]]'' on 15 February 1953, and his first ''[[nazm]]'' (poem) on 31 December 1954.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=34-35}} At the initiative of Mazhar Imam, Karamat collected poems by Odisha's Urdu poets and short biographical sketches and introduced them to the Urdu world in ''Aab e Khizar'' in 1963.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2006|p=11}}{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=299}}<ref name="Heritage">{{cite book |last1=Mohanty|first1=Gopinath|title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ZKAQAAIAAJ|date=2002 |edition=|publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad|location= [[Bhubaneswar]] |page=32|isbn=9788190276153 |access-date= 20 December 2022|language=en}}</ref> In June 1965{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=294}} (a year before the publication of ''[[Shabkhoon]]''), he published the bi-monthly magazine ''[[Shakhsar]]'' in Cuttack; it was edited by Amjad Najmi.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2006|p=11}}{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=45}}<br />
<br />
Karamat presented Urdu criticism in a novel, rational way;<ref name="Najmi">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Najmi|editor1-first=Amjad|title=Naqsh e Auwal|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/shakhsar-shumara-number-004-ebooks|journal= Bi-monthly Shakhsar|date=1966|volume=2 |issue=4 |page=2|publisher=Amjad Najmi, Buxi Bazar|location=[[Cuttack]]|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="dabistan" >{{cite book |last1=Akhtar|first1=Saleem|title=Tabqeedi Dabistān|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tanqeedi-dabistan-saleem-akhtar-ebooks|publisher= Sang-e-Meel Publications|location= [[Lahore]] |pages=32–33|edition= 1997|chapter=Izāfi Tabqeed (Relative criticism)|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=300}} his critical-essay collections include ''Izāfi Tabqīd'' (1977) and ''Naye Tanqīdi Masāʼil Aur Imkānāt'' (2009).<ref name="Amīn" /> He presented the [[theory of relativity]], expanding the theory of relative criticism first used in Frederick Albert Pottle's book ''The Idiom of Poetry'' (1946).<ref name="dabistan" />{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=300}}<ref name="Shahzād" >{{cite book |last1=Shahzād|first1=Salīm |title=Farhang e Adabiyyāt: Lisāni o Adabi Istilāhāt Ka Tauzīhi o Tanqīdi Mutāla'ah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OG1jAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF|publisher= Manẓar Numā Publishers|location=[[Maligaon]] |edition=|date=1998|page=103|access-date= 21 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref> Pottle considered poetry as absolute and criticism as additional; however, Karamat considered both poetry and criticism to be additional.<ref name="dabistan" />{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=300}}<br />
<br />
[[Wahab Ashrafi]] wrote that Karamat has a special place in literature as a poet and critic, and his commitment to mathematics gives his criticism a new dimension.<ref name="ashrafi" >{{cite book |last1=Ashrafi|first1=Wahab |title=Tareekh e Adab|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-adab-e-urdu-volume-002-wahaab-ashrafi-ebooks?lang=ur|publisher= Educational Publishing House|location=[[Delhi]] |edition=|date=2007|pages=1100–1101|chapter=Karāmat Alī Karāmat|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref><br />
According to [[Unwan Chishti]], Karamat's poetry has the colour and harmony of "contemporary awareness", which he has expressed by making the development of science and technology a part of consciousness.<ref name="Chishti" >{{cite book |last1=Chishti|first1=Unwan |title=Harf e Barhana|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/harf-e-barhana-unwan-chishti-ebooks?lang=ur|publisher= Rang Mahal Publications|location=Ansari Road, [[Muzaffarnagar]] |page=157-156|edition=March 1989|chapter=Shu'aon Ki Salīb|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref> [[Gopi Chand Narang]] said that he has long been a believer in and admirer of Karamat's poetry, agreeing with [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]] that his writings compel reflection.<ref name="Najmi2">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Najmi|editor1-first=Amjad|title=Shu'aon Ki Salīb Mu'āsirīn Ki Nazar Mein|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/sakhsaar-shumara-number-047-amjad-najmi-magazines|journal= Bimonthly Shakhsar|date=1966|volume=2 |issue=47|page=16 |publisher=Amjad Najmi, Buxi Bazar|location=[[Cuttack]]|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Translation ===<br />
Karamat translated works by Odia poets and novelists into Urdu to bring the languages closer together.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|pp=40-41}} In addition to translating the Odia poems of [[Sitakant Mahapatra]],<ref name="Behera">{{cite book |last1=Behera |first1=Karuna Sagar |last2=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first2=Jagannātha | last3=Das|first3=H. C. |title=Cuttack, One Thousand Years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karamat+Ali+Karamat|date=1990|publisher=Cuttack City Millennium Celebrations Committee, The Universe |location=[[Cuttack]] |page=16 |access-date= 20 December 2022|language=en}}</ref> he translated ''Shabdara Ākāsha'' (Mahapatra's poetry collection) into Urdu and received the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Urdu|Sahitya Academy Translation Prize (2004)]] from [[Gopi Chand Narang]] for ''Lafzon Ka Ākash'' in 2005.{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|pp=14-15, 40-41}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.org.in/?page_id=5785|title=URDU – List of Sahitya Akademi Urdu Translation Prize Recipients}}</ref><ref name="D. S. Rao">{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=S. Balu |title=Five Decades: The National Academy of Letters, India : a Short History of Sahitya Akademi |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61804|date=2004|edition=|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=167 |access-date= 20 December 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Aalami">{{cite book|last1=Vikram|first1=Nand Kishore|title=Aalami Urdu Adab (Volume 29)|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/alami-urdu-adab-volume-029-nand-kishor-vikram-magazineslang=ur|publisher=Aalami Urdu Adab|location=[[Delhi]]|edition=|date=November 2009|page=290|chapter=Sahitya Akademi ke Urdu Trājim par In'āmāt ki dastyāb tafsīl|language=ur|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> Karamat's other translations included poetry and fiction by [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]], [[Sachidananda Routray|Sachi Routray]], Chintamani Behera, [[Ramakanta Rath]], Sourindra Barik, [[Brahmotri Mohanty]], [[Pratibha Satpathy]], Niranjan Padhi, Laxmi Narayan Mahapatra, [[Surendra Mohanty]], [[Manoj Das]], [[Gopinath Mohanty]] and [[Ramachandra Behera]].{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|pp=40-41}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|pp=407-408}} [[Shamsur Rahman Faruqi]] said, "My indefatigable friend Karamat Ali Karamat, in addition to being a fine Urdu poet and critic, is also a tireless translator. He has done much to make Odia writers known to Urdu readers."<ref name=Farooqi>{{cite web |title=The Truth of Fictions |last1=Faruqi|first1=Shamsur Rahman|publisher= |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/srf/srf_truths_fictions_2009.pdf |access-date= 20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614152313/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/srf/srf_truths_fictions_2009.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-14 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Awards and honours ===<br />
In addition to the 2004 Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, Karamat was recognised for his contributions to poetry, literature, and mathematics by the [[Urdu Academy|Urdu Academies]] of [[Bihar Urdu Academy|Bihar]], [[Odisha Urdu Academy|Odisha]], and [[Urdu Academy, Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]], the Najmi Academy in Cuttack, the All India Mir Academy in Lucknow, and the Odisha Mathematical Society.{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=10}}<ref name="P.E.N">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Wadia|editor1-first= Sophia|editor1-link=Sophia Wadia|title=About Karāmat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMBjAAAAMAAJ&q=karamat+ali+karamat|journal= The Indian P.E.N.|date=1978|volume=44 |issue= |page=14|publisher=P.E.N. All-India Centre|location=[[Mumbai]]|access-date= 21 December 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Qaumi">{{cite book|last1=Qaumi|first1=Niyaaz|title=آل انڈیا میر اکادمی لکھنؤ: اردو زبان و ادب کی ترویج و بقا کے لیے تین دہائیوں پر محیط کارگزاریوں کا اجمالی جائزہ|trans-title=All India Mir Academy Lucknow: An overview of activities spanning three decades for the promotion and survival of Urdu language and literature|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/all-india-meer-academy-lucknow-ijmali-jaiza-niyaaz-qaumi-ebooks?lang=ur| edition=1st|date=1993| location =[[Lucknow]]|publisher =All India Mīr Academy|pages=56–58|access-date= 20 December 2022|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Narang">{{cite book |last1=Narang |first1=Gopi Chand |author-link=Gopi Chand Narang |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/hindostaan-ke-urdu-musanafeen-aur-shora-gopi-chand-narang-ebooks?lang=ur |title=ہندوستان کے اردو مصنفین اور شعرا |last2=Azmi |first2=Abdul Lateef |author-link2=Abdul Lateef Azmi |publisher=Urdu Academy |edition=1996 |location=[[Delhi]] |page=433 |language=ur |trans-title=Urdu writers and poets in India |access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> Azizur Rehman Aziz received his doctoral degree from [[Ranchi University]], supervised by [[Wahab Ashrafi]]. Aziz's thesis was entitled ''Karāmat Alī Karāmat Ka Fikr o Fan'' ({{translation|The Thought and Art of Karamat Ali Karamat}}).{{Sfn|Karāmat|2006|p=07}}<br />
<br />
In 1990, A. Russell translated Karamat's Urdu poems into English in ''The Story of the Way and Other Poems''<ref>{{cite journal|editor1-last=Naqvi|editor1-first=Shariful Hasan|editor2-last=Saeedi|editor2-first=Makhmoor|editor2-link=Makhmoor Saeedi|title=English translation of Urdu poems|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aiwan-e-urdu-shumara-number-006-syed-shariful-hasan-naqvi-magazines-1|journal=Aiwan-e-Urdu|volume=4|issue=6|date=October 1990|publisher=[[Urdu Academy, New Delhi]]|page=51|language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=387}}<ref name="Larada">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Bardis|editor1-first=Panos|editor1-link=Panos Bardis|title=THE STORY OF THE WAY AND OTHER POEMS (Karamat Ali Karamat): Book review by Jaunita Larada|url=https://journals.scholarsportal.info/details/07423640/v09i0001/99_br.xml|journal= International Journal on World Peace|date=March 1992|volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=99–101|publisher=[[Professors World Peace Academy]]|location=[[New York City|New York]]|access-date= 21 December 2022|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="LOC">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Office|editor1-first=LOC|title=About Karāmat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqSqIL7BhNkC&q=karamat+ali+karamat|journal= Accessions List, South Asia|date=1991|volume=11 |issue= |page=1109|publisher=E.G. Smith for the U.S. Library of Congress Office|location=New Delhi|access-date= 21 December 2022|language=en}}</ref> with [[Jayant Mahapatra]], Laxmi Narayan Mahapatra, Rajinder Singh Verma, Prafulla Kumar Mohanty, Sailendra Narayan Tripathy, P. Asit Kumar, Kamal Masoompuri, Zohra Jabeen, and M. A. Ahad. ''Selected Poems of Karāmat Alī Karāmat'' was published in 2012.<ref name="Sarma">{{Cite web|last1=Sarma|first1=U Atreya|title= Karamat Ali Karamat: Selected Poems (Book review)|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/15088/karamat-ali-karamat-selected-poems|date=16 October 2016|access-date=21 December 2022|website=www.boloji.com|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=387}} Elizabeth Kurian Mona translated more of Karamat's poems in ''God Particle and Other Poems'',<ref name="Fathima" >{{cite web |last1=Fathima|first1=Asma|title=Book Review: God Particle and Other Poems|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/53142/god-particle-and-other-poems|publisher=Boloji.com|date=16 April 2022|access-date=25 December 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Setu" >{{cite journal|editor1-last=Sharma|editor1-first=Anurag|editor2-last=Sharma|editor2-first=Sunil|title=Book Review: God Particle and Other Poems by Semeen Ali|url=https://www.setumag.com/2021/10/book-review-god-particle-and-other-poems.html?m=1|journal= Setu (Bilingual Monthly)|date=October 2021|volume=6 |issue=5 |page=112|location=[[Pittsburgh]], U.S.A|access-date=25 December 2022|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=387}}<ref name="Amīn" /><ref name="Mona">{{cite book|last1 =Karāmat|first1=Karāmat Alī|last2=Mona|first2=Elizabeth Kurian|title=God Particle and Other Poems|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/god-particle-and-other-poems-ebooks| location =[[New Delhi]]|publisher =Educational Publishing House|edition=1st|chapter=Foreword 1 by Prof. Prafulla Kumar|date=2021|page=7|access-date= 21 December 2022|language=en|url-access=registration}}</ref> and Anwar Bhadraki translated his Urdu poems into [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''Ekānta ra swara'' ({{translation|The Outcry of Loneliness}}).<ref name="Amīn" /><br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
Karamat's books include:{{Sfn|Siddiqui|2012|p=14}}{{Sfn|Karāmat|2016|p=8–9}}{{Sfn|Rahman|Jāmi|2022|p=41–42}}<br />
* ''Aab e Khizar'': A 1963 collection of selected poems by Odisha poets, with short biographical sketches<br />
* ''Shuāʻon Ki Salīb'' (1972)<br />
* ''Izāfi Tabqīd'' (1977)<br />
* ''Lafzon Ka Āsmān'' (1984)<br />
* ''Lafzon Ka Ākāsh'' (2002)<br />
* ''Shākh e Sanobar'' (2006)<br />
* ''Naye Tanqīdi Masāʼil Aur Imkānāt'' (2009)<br />
* ''Gulkada e Subh o Shām'' (2016)<br />
* ''Kulliyāt e Amjad Najmi'' (2017)<br />
* ''Māhir e Iqbāliyāt: Shaikh Habībullāh'' (2019)<br />
* ''Odia Zabān o Adab: Ek Mutālaʻah'' (2020)<br />
* ''Mere Muntakhab Pesh lafz'' (2021)<br />
* ''The Story of the Way and Other Poems'' (translated in 1990 by A. Russell<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1991 |title="IL" Listings |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23337116 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=34 |issue=1 (141) |pages=171–176 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Larada |first=Juanita |date=1992 |title=Review of THE STORY OF THE WAY AND OTHER POEMS; WORDS, WORDS, WORDS |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20751766 |journal=International Journal on World Peace |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=99–101 |issn=0742-3640}}</ref>)<br />
* ''Selected Poems of Karāmat Alī Karāmat'' (translated in 2012 by [[Jayanta Mahapatra]] and others)<br />
* ''God Particle and Other Poems'' (translated in 2021 by Elizabeth Kurian Mona)<br />
* ''Ekānta ra swara'' (translated into [[Odia language|Odia]] by Anwar Bhadraki)<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Karamat died on 5 August 2022 in Cuttack, while his [[Funeral prayer (Islam)|funeral prayer]] was performed at Qadam Rasool, Dargah Bazar, Cuttack on 6 August and he was buried in the cemetery of Qadam Rasool.<ref name="Aajkal">{{cite journal|last=Parveen|first=Farhat|title=Deaths|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aaj-kal-shumara-number-003-farhat-parveen-magazines|journal=Aaj Kal|volume=81|issue=3|date=October 2022|publisher=Publications Division, Delhi|location=New Delhi|page=52|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseeratonline.com/archives/179649|title=مشہور شاعر و ادبی نقاد کرامت علی کرامت کا انتقال|trans-title=Famous poet and literary critic Karamat Ali Karamat passed away|date=6 August 2022|accessdate=20 December 2022|website=baseeratonline.com|publisher=Baseerat News Service|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qindeelonline.com/karamat-ali-karamat-ka-inteqal/|title=مشہور شاعر، ادیب و ناقد کرامت علی کرامت کا انتقال|trans-title=Famous poet, writer and critic Karamat Ali Karamat passed away|date=6 August 2022|accessdate=20 December 2022|website=qindeelonline.com|publisher=Qindeelonline|language=ur|archive-date=20 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220042032/https://qindeelonline.com/karamat-ali-karamat-ka-inteqal/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="tanzeem">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Farīd|editor1-first=Ashraf|editor2-last=Farīd|editor2-first=Tāriq|title=پروفیسر کرامت علی کرامت کی رحلت سے پورا ادبی حلقہ سوگوار|trans-title=The entire literary circle mourned the death of Professor Karamat Ali Karamat|url=|journal= Qaumi Tanzeem Daily|date=7 August 2022|volume=62 |issue=112|page=8 |publisher=Qaumi Tanzeem|location=[[Patna]]|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="aag">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Alvi|editor1-first=Ahmed Ibrahim|title=پروفیسر کرامت علی کرامت کی رحلت سے پورا ادبی حلقہ سوگوار: آج نمناک آنکھوں سے کٹک کے قدم رسول قبرستان میں سپردِ خاک|trans-title=The entire literary circle mourns the death of Professor Karamat Ali Karamat: Today, with moist eyes, he was laid to rest in the Qadam Rasool cemetery of Cuttack|url=|journal= Aag Daily|date=7 August 2022|volume=16 |issue=162|page=12 |location=[[Lucknow]]|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Akhbar e Mashriq">{{cite journal |editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title=پروفیسر کرامت علی کرامت کی رحلت سے پورا ادبی حلقہ سوگوار|trans-title=The entire literary circle mourned the death of Professor Karamat Ali Karamat|url=|journal= Akhbār e Mashriq Daily|date=6 August 2022|volume=43 |issue=213|page=8 |publisher=Akhbār e Mashriq|location=[[Kolkata]]|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Sambad">{{cite news |title=ସମ୍ବାଦ (Sambād)|url=https://m.sambadepaper.com/imageview_22379_466704_4_72_06-08-2022_13_i_1_sf.html|publisher= Sambad|location=[[Bhubaneswar]] |edition=|date=6 August 2022|page=13|accessdate= 20 December 2022|language=Odia}}</ref><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Amjad Najmi]]<br />
* [[Abdul Mateen Jami]]<br />
* [[Hafizullah Newalpuri]]<br />
* [[Motiullah Nazish]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Iftikhar Imam|title=Karāmat Alī Karāmat: Ek Mutala|trans-title=Karamat Ali Karamat: A Study|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/karamat-ali-karamat-ek-mutala-iftikhar-imam-siddiqi-ebooks|edition=1st|date= 2012| location =Lāl Kuan, [[Delhi]]|publisher =Educational Publishing House|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Rahman |first1=Azizur|last2=Jāmi|first2=Abdul Matīn|author-link2=Abdul Mateen Jami|title=Urdu Adab Ka Koh e Noor Karāmat Alī Karāmat|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/urdu-adab-ka-koh-e-noor-karamat-ali-karamat-abdul-matin-jami-ebooks|date=2022 |publisher=[[Odisha Urdu Academy]]|location=Bhubaneswar|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Karāmat|first1=Karāmat Alī|title=Gulkada e Subh o Sham|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/gulkada-e-subh-o-sham-karamat-ali-karamat-ebooks|chapter=Biographical Sketch|pages=7–10| edition=1st|date= January 2016| location =Lāl Kuan, [[Delhi]]|publisher =Educational Publishing House|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Karāmat|first1=Karāmat Ali|title=Shakh e Sanobar|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/shakh-e-sanobar-karamat-ali-karamat-ebooks|chapter= Foreword by Hafeezullah Newalpuri| edition=1st|date= October 2006|pages=9–14|location =[[Cuttack]]|publisher =Vidyasagar Printers|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite thesis |last1=Newalpuri|first1=Hafizullah|author-link1=Hafizullah Newalpuri|title=Orissa Mein Urdu|trans-title=Urdu In Orissa|publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] |location= [[New Delhi]]|date= 2001 |hdl= |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/odisha-mein-urdu-hafeezullah-newalpuri-ebooks|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Naqueeb|first1=Khawar|author-link1=Khawar Naqeeb|title=Bayāz e Rahmat (A poetry collection of Rahmat Ali Rahmat [1891–1963])|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/bayaz-e-rahmat-ebooks|edition=1st|date= 2014|location =[[Delhi]]|publisher =Educational Publishing House|language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Karāmat|first1=Karāmat Alī|title=Aab e Khizar|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/aab-e-khizr-shora-e-odisa-ka-intikhab-e-kalam-ma-tazkira-ebooks|chapter=Karāmat Alī Karāmat| edition=1st|date= August 1963|location =Dewan Bazar, [[Cuttack]]|publisher =Orissa Urdu Publishers|language=ur}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Ruhul Amin |date=2024-08-18 |title=Karamat Ali Karamat (1936–2022): Life and services |url=https://abulmahasin.com/کرامت-علی-کرامت-1936-2022ء-حیات-و-خدمات/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820172905/https://abulmahasin.com/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA-1936-2022%D8%A1-%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA/ |archive-date=20 August 2024 |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=abulmahasin.com |language=ur |edition=2nd}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karamat, Karamat Ali}}<br />
[[Category:1936 births]]<br />
[[Category:2022 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cuttack district]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Sambalpur University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paramvir_Singh_(politician)&diff=524363Paramvir Singh (politician)2025-12-14T15:26:46Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Tohana Assembly constituency|Tohana]]<br />
| term_start = 8 October 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| predecessor = [[Devender Singh Babli]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Paramvir Singh''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Tohana Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Tohana, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: INC's Paramvir Singh with 88522 defeats BJP's Devender Singh Babli |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/tohana-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612816-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Tohana Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/tohana-election-result-2024-live-update-9077326.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Paramvir}}<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
{{Haryana-INC-politician-stub}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gulbarga_division&diff=447208Gulbarga division2025-12-11T15:12:25Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Kalyana-Karnataka]]<br />
<br />
{{R from alternative name}}<br />
{{R from move}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmer_Khan&diff=484983Ahmer Khan2025-12-04T22:04:58Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added new entry added tags - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Kashmiri journalist}}<br />
{{advert|date=February 2023}}<br />
[[File:Ahmer_Khan.jpg|thumb|Ahmer Khan in 2024.]]<br />
'''Ahmer Khan''' (born 11 May 1992) is a [[Kashmir]]-based Independent [[Multimedia journalism|multimedia journalist]] well known across the regions to cover conflict, humanitarian crisis, human rights and migration particularly in [[South Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Emmys 2020: Meet Kashmiri journalist Ahmer Khan, nominated for a CAA documentary |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/movies-tv/emmy-2020-meet-kashmiri-journalist-ahmer-khan-nominated-for-a-caa-documentary-111634529412963.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Ahmer Khan was born and brought up in a [[Kashmir conflict|conflict region]] and lost his father at the age of 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Emmys 2020: Meet Kashmiri journalist Ahmer Khan, nominated for a CAA documentary |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/movies-tv/emmy-2020-meet-kashmiri-journalist-ahmer-khan-nominated-for-a-caa-documentary-111634529412963.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> Khan family members were known for possessing large slave holdings, which they lost after the 19th century. He spent his early life in [[Srinagar]].<br />
<br />
He attended his school and college both in Kashmir and was involved in the field of journalism from the school<ref name="ijnet.org">{{Cite web |title=Journalist of the month: Ahmer Khan |url=https://ijnet.org/en/story/journalist-month-ahmer-khan |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=International Journalists' Network |language=en}}</ref> itself. While in college, Khan's work<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Pictures: Kashmir copes with floods |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2014/9/19/in-pictures-kashmir-copes-with-floods |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> appeared in [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] as he started working as a freelancer in 2014.<ref name="ijnet.org"/> In 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journalist of the month: Ahmer Khan |url=https://ijnet.org/en/story/journalist-month-ahmer-khan |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=International Journalists' Network |language=en}}</ref> he went to [[Nepal]] to cover<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Photos: The Youngest Victims of Nepal's Devastating Earthquake |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/in-photos-the-youngest-victims-of-nepals-devastating-earthquake/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> the most devastating [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|earthquake at Nepal]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-23 |title=After the Nepal Earthquake |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai-guide/famous-personalities/article/after-the-nepal-earthquake-16234170 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> that killed more than 8,000 people.<br />
<br />
== Reporting ==<br />
Khan’s work covers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmer Khan |url=https://restofworld.org/author/ahmer-khan/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Rest of World |language=en-US}}</ref> humanitarian crises, migration, conflict, and life in South Asian countries.<br />
<br />
'''Reports on South Asia and humanitarian grounds'''<br />
<br />
In 2022, Khan reported on the extinction of the trams of [[Kolkata]] in [[India]] by documenting a film "Fighting to save the Last Trams of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fighting to save Kolkata's historic trams |url=https://www.scmp.com/video/scmp-films/3200774/fighting-save-last-trams-india |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=South China Morning Post}}</ref>" for [[South China Morning Post|SCMP News]]. In the same year, Khan covered the humanitarian cause from [[Assam]], through his film for [[Vice News|Vice]], Muslims in India are Losing Their Rights and Homes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muslims in India are Losing Their Rights and Homes |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/muslim-evictions-assam-india-citizenship-rights/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> Ahmer also documented the deadly conspiracy theory, [[Love jihad|Love Jehad]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first1=Hannah |last2=Khan |first2=Ahmer |last3=Evangelou |first3=Kyri |last4=Alam |first4=Sartaj |last5=Lamborn |first5=Katie |date=2022-01-21 |title=Love jihad: India's lethal religious conspiracy theory – video |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/jan/21/love-jihad-indias-lethal-religious-conspiracy-theory-video |access-date=2023-01-17 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> for [[The Guardian]] in 2022.<br />
<br />
In 2021, Khan highlighted yet another human threatening story, "Muslims in India’s Tripura state fear another revenge attack<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muslims in India's Tripura state fear another revenge attack |url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/muslims-in-india-s-tripura-state-fear-another-revenge-attack-51207 |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Muslims in India’s Tripura state fear another revenge attack |language=en}}</ref>" in [[TRT World|TRT world]] from India's [[Tripura]]. Later that year, when the whole world was affected by Global pandemic, he managed to report a life threatening and devastating story as a film, Inside India's Covid Hell<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Inside India's COVID Hell |url=https://www.unifiedfilmmakers.com/medialibrary/inside-indias-covid-hell/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Unified Filmmakers |language=en-US}}</ref> for [[Vice News]]. Same year, on the global pandemic, he cinematographed a visual story, The Vaccine Divide,<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2021 |first=Paul |last=Abowd |title=The Vaccine Divide |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/06/15/vaccine-divide-covid/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref> on how the Covid Vaccines are being used as a private property by the men in chair for [[The Intercept]]. In 2021, again on the pandemic scene, Khan filmed a story that narrated the struggles of Health workers to bring Covid Vaccines to their region, "Health workers trek to remote areas to bring Covid-19 vaccines to [[Indian Administered Kashmir|Indian-administered Kashmir]]",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preventing Covid-19 in remote Indian-held Kashmir |url=https://www.scmp.com/video/scmp-films/3141457/health-workers-trek-remote-areas-bring-covid-19-vaccines-indian |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=South China Morning Post}}</ref> [[South China Morning Post|SCMP]]. In 2021, he also reported about demolishment on orchards<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Ahmer |last2=Mir |first2=Shoaib |date=2021-05-26 |title=The Ill Fruits of Demographic Engineering in Kashmir |url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-ill-fruits-of-demographic-engineering-in-kashmir/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=New Lines Magazine |language=en}}</ref> in a story, [https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-ill-fruits-of-demographic-engineering-in-kashmir/ "The Ill Fruits of Demographic Engineering in Kashmir"] for [[Newslines Magazine|News Line Magazine]]<br />
<br />
'''Reports on migration and from Conflict zones'''<br />
<br />
Ahmer Khan has covered positive and hopeful stories about migrations and conflict zones that include [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/3/4/the-uighur-and-syrian-refugees-making-a-home-together-in-turkey "The Uighur and Syrian refugees making a home together in Turkey"] for [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] and [https://restofworld.org/2021/kashmir-delivery-startup-beats-foreign-competition/ How a local delivery startup outplayed big foreign competitors in Kashmir] for [https://restofworld.org/ Rest of World]<br />
<br />
Khan has reported about the survival of [[Rohingya people]], in a story for [[Vice News]] [https://www.vice.com/en/article/these-are-the-rohingya-children-who-escaped-myanmars-ethnic-cleansing/ These are the Rohingya Children Who Escaped Myanmar's 'Ethnic Cleansing'].<br />
<br />
He also reported stories about how people cope in natural calamities like floods<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Pictures: Kashmir copes with floods |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2014/9/19/in-pictures-kashmir-copes-with-floods |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> and earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Photos: The Youngest Victims of Nepal's Devastating Earthquake |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/in-photos-the-youngest-victims-of-nepals-devastating-earthquake/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and milestones ==<br />
Ahmer Khan has received recognition across the regions and has been awarded with numerous awards<ref>{{Cite web |title='Covering other humanitarian stories helped me process the trauma of J&K, my homeland' |url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2020/10/18/covering-other-humanitarian-stories-helped-me-process-the-trauma-of-jandk-my-homeland.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> both locally as well as globally.<br />
<br />
* 2018, Ahmer bagged<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-06 |title=Kashmiri photo-journalist Ahmer Khan bags Lorenzo Natali Prize 2018 {{!}} Free Press Kashmir |url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2018/06/06/kashmiri-photo-journalist-ahmer-khan-bags-lorenzo-natali-prize-2018/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=freepresskashmir.news |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Lorenzo Natali Media Prize|Lorenzo Natali Price]] for his story [http://en.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20170404-school-under-metro-bridge-teaches-Delhi-children A school under metro bridge].<br />
* 2019, Ahmer won [https://www.afp.com/en/inside-afp/kashmir-journalist-wins-afps-kate-webb-prize AFP’s Kate Webb Prize]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-20 |title=Indian Journalist Wins AFP's Kate Webb Prize For J&K Coverage |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indian-freelance-journalist-ahmer-khan-wins-afp-kate-webb-prize-for-jammu-kashmir-reportage |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> for the indispensable media coverage on impact of restrictions in Jammu and Kashmir after [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|abrogation of article 370]].<br />
* 2020, Ahmer, with his team mate, [[Isobel Yeung]], has been awarded<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Edward R. Murrow Award 2020 <br />
|url=https://opcofamerica.org/Awardarchive/the-edward-r-murrow-award-2020/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=OPC |language=en-US}}</ref> with the [[Edward R. Murrow Award (Radio Television Digital News Association)|Edward R. Murrow Award]] by [[Overseas Press Club|Overseas Press club]] for their film [https://www.sho.com/vice/season/1/episode/2/india-burning-and-russias-fight-factory India burning] with his team, was awarded with 24th [https://humanrightspressawards.org/ Human Rights Press Award] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Short Video {{!}} Human Rights Press Awards |url=https://humanrightspressawards.org/award-cat/short-video |access-date=2022-12-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> for the short movie [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JtibKy_xkk Defending Kashmir]. A glorious year - 2020, Ahmer was a finalist in the prestigious [[Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Emmys 2020: Meet Kashmiri journalist Ahmer Khan, nominated for a CAA documentary |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/movies-tv/emmy-2020-meet-kashmiri-journalist-ahmer-khan-nominated-for-a-caa-documentary-111634529412963.html |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharon |title=Kashmir journalist Ahmer Khan's series nominated for Emmy |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/news/nation/kashmir-journalist-ahmer-khans-series-nominated-emmy-54184 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> for the film [https://www.sho.com/vice/season/1/episode/2/india-burning-and-russias-fight-factory India Burning] besides being awarded with [[Rory Peck Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siddharth Bokolia & Ahmer Khan |url=https://rorypecktrust.org/awards/siddharth-bokolia-ahmer-khan-profile/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Rory Peck Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> for the same movie [https://www.sho.com/vice/season/1/episode/2/india-burning-and-russias-fight-factory India Burning] in the same year<br />
* 2021, Ahmer brought home [[Lovie Award|Lovei award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRT World Digital wins four Lovie Awards |url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/trt-world-digital-wins-four-lovie-awards-51735 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=TRT World Digital wins four Lovie Awards |language=en}}</ref> for his [[TRT World|TRT world]] digital video [[Love jihad|Love Jehad]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Love Jihad in India's Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXwcUK1-evo |language=en |access-date=2022-12-13}}</ref> and was awarded with [[Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award|Alfred. I Dupont - Columbia Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 duPont-Columbia Award Winners |url=https://news.columbia.edu/news/2021-dupont-columbia-award-winners |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Columbia News |language=en}}</ref> for his famous film [https://www.sho.com/vice/season/1/episode/2/india-burning-and-russias-fight-factory India Burning]. Besides this, Ahmer also became a finalist in [[Scripps Howard Awards]] for the same film [https://www.sho.com/vice/season/1/episode/2/india-burning-and-russias-fight-factory India Burning] <br />
* 2023, Ahmer was awarded '[https://rorypecktrust.org/awards/ahmer-khan/ Martin Adler Prize]' for his work for [[The Guardian]] by [[Rory Peck Trust]] at [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA awards]] in London.<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ahmer}}<br />
[[Category:Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian artists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian storytellers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahdev_Prasad_Yadav&diff=454250Sahdev Prasad Yadav2025-11-15T12:08:36Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix = <br />
| name = Sahdev Prasad Yadav<br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| constituency = [[Kurtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurtha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/ex%20mla/10.pdf/|title=Former Mla List|website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha}}</ref><br />
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 1990<br />
| term_end = 1995<br />
| predecessor = [[Mudrika Singh Yadav]]<br />
| successor = [[Shiv Bachan Yadav]]<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = Vill+Post Kamalpur, [[Tekari]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], Bihar<br />
| death_date = 15 June 2009<br />
| restingplace = Sahdev Prasad Yadav High School Kamalpur, [[Tekari]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], Bihar<br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| parents = Saudagar Yadav (Father)<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| party = [[Janata Dal]]<br />[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br />
| residence = [[Patna]], Bihar<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = [[Agriculturist]]<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sahdeo Prasad Yadav''' was an Indian politician, an excise minister in the Government of Bihar and a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] of India. He represented the [[Kurtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurtha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/biharelection/constituency/kurtha/215.html|title= Last Five MLA from Kurtha| website= Hindustan News|accessdate= 13 July 2018}}</ref> constituency in [[Arwal]] district of [[Bihar]]. He had been a Mukhiya of Chitaukhar-Jalalpur Panchayat for almost 25 years. First he became an MLA ([[Member of Legislative Assembly]]) in 1980 while being in Lok Dal party. He was elected in 1995 as a member of [[Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/1995/kurtha/|title=Bihar Legislative Assembly|website= Election in India}}</ref> Yadav started his political career in 1957 as an [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate from [[Tikari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tikari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/tikari.html|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Tikari Assembly Constituency|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> constituency but lost. Later this constituency named as Konch (Vidhan Sabha constituency), now again becomes [[Tikari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tikari]] constituency from 2010 onwards. He also fought from here as a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] in 1967 but lost to U. N. Verma of [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] and in 1969 lost to Ram Balav Saran Singh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/1967/konch/|title=Konch Bihar Assembly Election 1967|website=www.latestly.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/1969/konch/|title=Konch Bihar Assembly Election 1969|website=www.latestly.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other institutions and monuments==<br />
* Sahdev Prasad Yadav High School Kamlalpur, [[Tekari]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], Bihar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/gaya/story-mines-and-clothes-distributed-among-the-poor-3282825.html|title=पूर्व मंत्री स्व. सहदेव प्रसाद यादव की 11 वीं पुण्यतिथि सोमवार को पैतृक गांव कमालपुर के सहदेव उच्च विद्यालय के प्रांगण में मनाया गया|website=www.livehindustan.com|accessdate= 15 June 2020}}</ref><br />
* Sahdev Prasad Yadav Balika High School Manikpur Kurtha, [[Arwal]], Bihar<br />
* Sahdev Prasad Yadav College Karpi, [[Arwal]], [[Bihar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Sahdev Prasad}}<br />
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1995–2000]]<br />
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jehanabad district]]<br />
[[Category:People from Arwal district]]<br />
[[Category:2009 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narmada_Valley_dry_deciduous_forests&diff=520654Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests2025-10-27T15:39:30Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Ecoregion in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox ecoregion<br />
|name = Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests<br />
|image = Mhow coolspark.jpg<br />
|image_size = <br />
|image_alt = <br />
|caption = [[Indore district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
|map = Ecoregion IM0207.svg<br />
|map_size = <br />
|map_alt = <br />
|map_caption = Map of the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests (in purple)<br />
|ecozone = [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]]<br />
|biome = [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests]]<br />
|animals = <br />
|bird_species = <br />
|mammal_species = <br />
|border1 = [[Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]<br />
|border2 = [[Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests]]<br />
|border3 = [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]]<br />
|border4 = [[East Deccan moist deciduous forests]]<br />
|border5 = [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]<br />
|border6 = [[Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]]<br />
|border7 = [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]<br />
|border8 = [[Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]]<br />
|area = 169456<br />
|country = [[India]]<br />
|state1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]] <br />
|state2 = [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|state3 = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
|state4 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|state5= [[Karnataka]]<br />
<br />
|region_type = States<br />
|elevation = <br />
|geology = <br />
|seas =<br />
|rivers = <br />
|climate = <br />
|soil =<br />
|conservation = critical/endangered<br />
|global200 =<br />
|habitat_loss = <br />
|habitat_loss_ref =<br />
|coordinates =<br />
|protected = 7,658 km<sup>2</sup> (5<br />
|protected_ref = )<ref>Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref><br />
|embedded = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests''' are a [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|tropical dry forest]] ecoregion of central [[India]]. The ecoregion lies mostly in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state, but extends into portions of [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] states.<br />
<br />
==Setting==<br />
The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests cover an area of {{convert|169,900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the lower [[Narmada River]] Valley and the surrounding uplands of the [[Vindhya Range]] to the north and the western end of the [[Satpura Range]] to the south. The Narmada Valley is an east-west flat-bottomed valley, or [[graben]], that separates the two plateaus. The Vindhya Range separates the valley from the [[Malwa]] plateau and [[Bundelkhand]] upland to the north. The [[Satpura Range]] reaches a height of 1,300m and encloses the valley on the south separating it from the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] plateau. The ecoregion includes the western portion of the Satpuras, and also extends to the southeast along the eastern flank of the [[Western Ghats]]' range.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=im0207|name=Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests}}</ref> The uplands of this ecoregion are the northern limits of the Indian peninsula.<br />
<br />
Rainfall in the ecoregion is highly seasonal; a seven- to eight-month dry season is followed by the June-to-September [[southwest monsoon]], which brings 1,200–1,500&nbsp;mm of rainfall in an average year. Many trees lose their leaves during the long dry season to conserve moisture.<br />
<br />
The ecoregion lies between moister forests to the northeast, southeast, and southwest, which receive greater rainfall from the southeast monsoon, and the drier forests and scrublands of the Deccan to the south and Malwa and [[Gujarat]] to the west and northwest. The lowland [[Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]] lie to the northeast, on the alluvial plain of the [[Ganges River]] and its tributaries below the eastern Vindhyas and the Bundelkhand upland. The [[Chota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests]] lie on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]] plateau to the east. The [[Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests]], which receive more annual moisture from the [[Bay of Bengal]], lie to the southeast. To the southwest, along the spine of the Western Ghats range, lie the wetter [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]], which receive more moisture from the southwest monsoon winds off the [[Arabian Sea]].<br />
<br />
To the south, the Deccan Plateau of Maharashtra lies in the [[rain shadow]] of the Western Ghats, and is home to the [[Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]] of [[Vidarbha]] and the drier [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]] of [[Kandesh]]. The [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]] cover most of [[Malwa]] to the northwest and the lowlands of [[Gujarat]] to the west.<br />
<br />
==Flora==<br />
The natural vegetation of the region is a three-tiered forest adapted to the monsoon and dry season climate. The forests typically have an upper canopy at 15–25 meters, a 10–15 meter understory of smaller trees and large shrubs, and a 3–4 meter undergrowth. [[Teak]] (''Tectona grandis'') is the dominant canopy tree, in association with [[coromandel ebony]] (''Diospyros melanoxylon),'' [[dhaora]] (''[[Anogeissus|Anogeissus latifolia]]''), ''[[Lagerstroemia|Lagerstroemia parviflora]]'', ''[[Terminalia tomentosa]]'', ''[[Lannea coromandelica]]'', ''[[Hardwickia|Hardwickia binata]],'' and ''[[Boswellia serrata]]''.<br />
<br />
[[Riparian]] areas along the regions rivers and streams, which receive year-round water, are home to moist evergreen forests, whose dominant tree species are ''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'', ''[[Syzygium cumini]]'', ''[[Syzygium heyneanum]]'', ''[[Salix tetrasperma]]'', ''[[Homonoia riparia]]'', and ''[[Vitex negundo]]''.<br />
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==Fauna==<br />
The ecoregion is home to 76 species of [[mammal]]s, none of which are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]], although several of which, including the [[Bengal tiger]] ''(Panthera tigris tigris)'', along with [[gaur]] ''(Bos gaurus)'', packs of [[dhole]] or Asiatic wild dog ''(Cuon alpinus)'', [[sloth bear]] ''(Melursus ursinus)'', [[chousingha]] ''(Tetracerus quadricornis)'', and [[blackbuck]] ''(Antilope cervicapra)'', are threatened.<br />
<br />
The ecoregion is home to 276 [[bird]] species, none of which are endemic. Large threatened birds include the [[lesser florican]] ''(Eupodotis indica)'' and [[Indian bustard]] ''(Ardeotis nigriceps)''.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}<br />
<br />
==Conservation==<br />
This area is densely populated and only about 30% of the ecoregion is covered in relatively intact vegetation, but this does include some large blocks of habitat in the amarkantak, Vindhya and Satpura ranges which are important for the preservation of the tiger.<ref name="Wikramanayakeetal2002">Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; [[Washington, DC]]. pp. 322-324</ref><br />
<br />
===Protected areas===<br />
As of 1997, about 5% of the ecoregion (7,500 km<sup>2</sup>) lies within protected areas, the largest of which are [[Melghat Tiger Reserve]] and [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]] while others include [[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]], [[Panna National Park|Panna]], and [[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay]] [[National parks of India|national parks]]. Plans to dam the [[Narmada River]] will impact on the wildlife of the ecoregion.<ref name="Wikramanayakeetal2002"/><br />
<br />
* [[Aner Dam Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Dhule district]], [[Maharashtra]] (70 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] (540 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Bandhavgarh National Park]] , [[Umaria district]], Madhya Pradesh (360 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh]] (305&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
* [[Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (80 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (1,380 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Melghat Tiger Reserve]], [[Amravati district]], Maharashtra. Includes Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary (1,490 km<sup>2</sup>) and [[Gugamal National Park]] (1974 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Panna National Park]], Panna and Chhatarpur districts, Madhya Pradesh (820 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (300 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Ratapani Tiger Reserve]], Madhya Pradesh (490 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve]] (831 km<sup>2</sup>), which includes Sanjay National Park, Chhattisgarh, and Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary.<br />
* [[Sardarpur Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (120 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (220 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary]], Madhya Pradesh (210 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
* [[Yawal Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Jalgaon district]], Maharashtra (100 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ecoregions of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{commons-inline}}<br />
* {{WWF ecoregion|name=Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests|id=im0207}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190606092830/http://www.nvda.in/ Official Website of NVDA - Narmada Valley Development Authority]<br />
<br />
{{Ecoregions of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests| ]]<br />
[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]<br />
[[Category:Environment of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Environment of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Maharashtra|*]]<br />
[[Category:Forests of India]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Chhattisgarh]] <br />
[[Category:Geography of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Malwa]]<br />
[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]<br />
[[Category:Narmada River]]<br />
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._S._Sodhi&diff=501707H. S. Sodhi2025-10-05T17:41:32Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: created a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Fanpov|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel]]<br />
| name = H. S. Sodhi, VSM<br />
| image = HS Sodhi receiving an award from Pandit Nehru.webp<br />
| caption = Col. HS Sodhi with the Indian Prime Minister, Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
| birth_name = Harinder Singh Sodhi<br />
| nickname = Billy<br />
| birth_date = c. 1938<br />
| birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[British India]] (now in [[Pakistan]])<br />
| death_date = 9 November 2024 (aged 86)<br />
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}<br />
| branch = {{flagicon|India}} Indian Army<br />
| serviceyears = 1950s–1980s<br />
| rank = [[Colonel]]<br />
| unit = [[61st Cavalry (India)]]<br />[[President's Bodyguard (India)]]<br />
| commands = 61st Cavalry<br />President’s Bodyguard<br />
| awards = [[Arjuna Award]] (1976)<br />[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Colonel Harinder Singh "Billy" Sodhi, VSM''' (c. 1938 – 9 November 2024) was an Indian Army officer and one of India’s leading polo and equestrian sportspersons of the post-Independence era. He served in and later commanded the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]] and the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard]] and achieved a peak polo handicap of +5. He received the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1976 for equestrian sport, and later remained an influential advocate of India’s cavalry and equestrian traditions.<ref name="The Tribune-2024">{{cite news |title=Former top polo player HS Sodhi dies |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/former-top-polo-player-hs-sodhi-dies/ |work=The Tribune |agency=PTI |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="MapsofIndia-2012">{{cite web |title=List of Arjuna Award winners in Equestrian |url=https://sports.mapsofindia.com/awards/arjuna/equestrian.html |website=MapsofIndia |date=10 September 2012 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="Outlook India-2024">{{cite news |title=Former Indian Polo Player Harinder Singh Sodhi Passes Away at 86 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/others/former-indian-polo-player-harinder-singh-sodhi-passes-away-at-86 |work=Outlook India |agency=PTI |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Sodhi was born in Rawalpindi into a family closely associated with horses; his father, Brigadier Ajit Singh, owned a farm where Sodhi and his younger brother, [[R. S. Sodhi|Ravinder Singh “Pickles” Sodhi]], learned to ride. After Partition the family resettled in India. Both brothers attended the [[Lawrence School, Sanawar]], noted for its equestrian tradition, and later trained at the [[National Defence Academy]] (NDA).<ref name="Bhandari-2024">{{cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Prakash |title=The King of Polo Rides Off Into The Ages |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/special/the-king-of-polo-rides-off-into-the-ages/20241116.htm |website=Rediff Sports |date=16 November 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Military career ==<br />
Sodhi was commissioned into the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]], India’s mounted cavalry regiment, where he combined military service with equestrian competition. He later held leadership roles in both the 61st Cavalry and the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard]], ultimately serving as Commandant of the latter.<ref name="Bhandari-2024"/> As a mentor within the Army’s riding ecosystem he helped sustain competitive equestrian sport; among those he encouraged were riders who later became Arjuna awardees.<ref name="Bhandari-2024"/><br />
<br />
In May 2022, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] wrote to Colonel (retd.) H. S. Sodhi lauding the service of cavalry horses, a correspondence that drew national attention to Sodhi’s role as a custodian of equestrian traditions.<ref name="ThePrint-2022">{{cite news |title=PM lauds services of horses in armed forces |url=https://theprint.in/india/pm-lauds-services-of-horses-in-armed-forces/966784/ |work=ThePrint |agency=PTI |date=22 May 2022 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Integral part of our culture': PM hails service of horses in the armed forces |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/integral-part-of-our-culture-pm-hails-service-of-horses-in-the-armed-forces-101653244561456.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 May 2022 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Polo and equestrian career ==<br />
[[File:Col. HS Sodhi with Queen Elizabeth II.jpg|thumb|Col, H. S. Sodhi with [[Elizabeth II|HRH Queen Elizabeth II]]]]<br />
Sodhi combined Army service with an elite polo career, reaching a handicap of +5 at his peak.<ref name="Deccan Herald-2024">{{cite news |title=Former top polo player H S Sodhi dead at 86 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/former-top-polo-player-h-s-sodhi-dead-at-86-3270208 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref> Known popularly as “Billy”, he played alongside stalwarts such as [[Hanut Singh|Rao Raja Hanut Singh]], [[Maharaj Prem Singh]], [[Kishen Singh]] and [[Sawai Man Singh II]] and later with [[Bhawani Singh|Bhawani Singh of Jaipur]].<ref name="Outlook India-2024"/><ref name="The Tribune-2024"/><br />
<br />
Beyond polo, Sodhi was active across equestrian disciplines including show jumping, dressage and eventing, and contributed to the organisation of horse shows in Delhi.<ref name="Bhandari-2024"/> He was associated with India’s first Olympic equestrian effort in 1980, serving as manager of the equestrian team for the [[1980 Summer Olympics|Moscow Olympics]].<ref name="Outlook India-2024"/><br />
<br />
== Awards and honours ==<br />
* Arjuna Award (1976) – Equestrian.<ref name="MapsofIndia-2012"/> <br />
* Peak polo handicap: +5 (1970s–80s).<ref name="Deccan Herald-2024"/><br />
<br />
''Related:'' Sodhi’s younger brother [[R. S. Sodhi|Ravinder Singh "Pickles" Sodhi]] received the Arjuna Award in 1983 (polo).<ref>{{cite web |title=Arjuna Award for Polo |url=https://ipa.co.in/user/arjun_awards.php |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Arjuna Award – Col R. S. Sodhi (1983) |url=https://ipa.co.in/user/arjun_awards_1983.php |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Sodhi married Roshan Kumaramangalam, daughter of General [[P. P. Kumaramangalam]], and the couple were active in Delhi’s equestrian scene. Their elder daughter, Anesha Sodhi, became a national show-jumping champion and later served as a judge and selector. His extended family includes sports awardees and public figures; his sister-in-law is [[Nafisa Ali]].<ref name="Bhandari-2024"/><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Sodhi died in New Delhi on 9 November 2024 at the age of 86. He is survived by his wife and two daughters.<ref name="The Tribune-2024"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Legendary Polo Player HS Sodhi Passes Away at 86 |url=https://thebridge.in/polo/legendary-polo-player-hs-sodhi-passes-away-at-86-50591 |work=The Bridge |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="Outlook India-2024"/><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
Sodhi is remembered within the Army and Indian polo for sustaining cavalry sport after the decline of princely patronage and for mentoring subsequent generations of riders. His correspondence with the Prime Minister over cavalry horses underscored his role as a public advocate for equestrian heritage.<ref name="Bhandari-2024"/><ref name="ThePrint-2022"/><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Polo in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodhi, H. S.}}<br />
[[Category:1930s births]]<br />
[[Category:2024 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian polo players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male equestrians]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:61st Cavalry (India)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linus_Pingal_Ekka&diff=512223Linus Pingal Ekka2025-10-04T06:55:24Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumla}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Christian leader<br />
| type = Bishop<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]<br />
| name = Linus Pingal Ekka<br />
| church = [[Catholic Church]]<br />
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumla|Diocese of Gumla]]<br />
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumla|Bishop of Gumla]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Paul Alois Lakra]]<br />
| nationality = [[India|Indian]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|9|23|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chainpur, Gumla|Chainpur]], [[Gumla]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| ordination = 26 January 1994<br />
| consecration = 12 January, 2024<br />
| consecrated_by = [[Felix Toppo]]<br />
| motto = ''Ad vitam aeternam''<br />
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<br />
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi|Ranchi Archdiocese]]<br />
| province = Ranchi Province<br />
| appointed = November 30, 2023<br />
| began = January 12, 2024<br />
}}<br />
'''Linus Pingal Ekka''' (born 23 September 1961) is an Indian prelate of the [[Catholic Church]] who has serves as the Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumla|Diocese of Gumla]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop of Gumla Diocese Linus Pingal Ekka |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/bishops/bishop-pingal-ekka/1190 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref> since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Father Linus Pingal Ekka |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpinekk.html |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archdiocese of Ranchi {{!}} Catholic News {{!}} Church in Jharkhand |publisher=Ranchi Archdiocese |url=https://www.ranchiarchdiocese.com/web/page/church_in_jharkhand/12 |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Linus Pingal Ekka first earned a master's degree at St. Aloysius College in [[Jabalpur]] and then licentiate in philosophy and theology at the [[Pontifical Urban University|Pontificial Urban University]]. In January 1994 he received the sacrament of ordination for the diocese of Gumla. <br />
<br />
After his ordination, he initially worked in parish pastoral care from 1995 to 1997 and again from 1999 to 2000 he was rector of the preparatory course in Karondabera. From 1995 to 1999 he studied again in Rome at the Urbaniana, where he received his [[Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)|doctorate in canon law]]. During his study he stay in Italy, he also worked as the pastor in [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Udine|Archdiocese of Udine]]. From 2000 to 2002 he was a visiting professor and the a full professor at St. Albert's Regional College in Ranchi until 2011 in director of the philosophy department. From 2011 to 2017 he was in the Archdiocese of Udine in Italy and worked as a parochial vicar in [[Ampezzo]], precisely in the parish of [[Forni di Sopra]]. From 2017 to 2020 he was Chancellor of Diocese of Gumla and responsible for the church marriage process. From 2019 to 2020 he was an official of the diocese and judge at church court. As of 2021, he was the Diocesan administrator of the Gumla Diocese during the [[Sede vacante|Sede Vacancy]]. <br />
<br />
On 30 November 2023 [[Pope Francis]] appointed him Bishop of Gumla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Publisher |first=MIL-OSI |date=2023-12-01 |title=MIL-OSI Translation: ASIA/INDIA – Appointment of the Reverend Linus Pingal Ekka Bishop of Gumla {{!}} ForeignAffairs.co.nz |url=https://foreignaffairs.co.nz/2023/12/01/mil-osi-translation-asia-india-appointment-of-the-reverend-linus-pingal-ekka-bishop-of-gumla/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Appointment of Linus Pingal Ekka New Bishop of Gumla Diocese |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/11/30/231130c.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 30 November 2023|title=New Bishops for Kottapuram, Amaravti, Gumla, and Daltonganj Dioceses |url=https://ccbi.in/new-bishops-for-kottapuram-amaravti-gumla-and-daltonganj-dioceses/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=CCBI |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ASIA/INDIA - Appointment of the Reverend Linus Pingal Ekka as Bishop of Gumla - Agenzia Fides |url=https://www.fides.org/en/news/74469-ASIA_INDIA_Appointment_of_the_Reverend_Linus_Pingal_Ekka_as_Bishop_of_Gumla |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.fides.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
• [[List of Catholic bishops of India|List of Catholic Bishops of India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}{{India-RC-bishop-stub}}<br />
[[Category:1961 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Gumla district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholic bishops]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nirupam_Chakma&diff=522207Nirupam Chakma2025-09-25T13:33:08Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Nirupam Chakma<br />
| office = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| title1 = Member of the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term1 = 1986-2013<br />
| constituency1 = [[Tuichawng Assembly constituency|Tuichawng]]<br />
| title2 = Member of the [[Chakma Autonomous District Council]]<br />
| term2 = 2023-2028<br />
| year = <br />
| state_assembly = <br />
| birth_date = 16 December 1958<br />
| birth_place = [[Kamalanagar, Mizoram|Kamalanagar]], Mizoram<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| website = [http://www.cadc.gov.in www.cadc.gov.in]<br />
}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian politicia}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
'''Nirupam Chakma''' is an Indian politician from [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]]. He represented [[Tuichawng (Legislative Assembly constituency)|Tuichawng]] in the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]. Formerly a Congress minister, he joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2015 and was offered ticket of Bharatiya Janata Party to the lone Lok Sabha seat of Mizoram in the last election held in 2019. He was the first Minister in Mizoram from [[Chakma people|Chakma]] Community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/chakma-leaders-move-to-bjp/|title=Chakma leaders move to BJP|date=February 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/politics/national-bjp-is-mizoram-last-hope-says-party-first-ls-poll-candidate-from-state-nirupam-chakma-19098869.html|title=मोदी के नेतृत्व वाली भाजपा सरकार को मौका देना चाहते हैं मिजोरम के लोग: निरुपम चकमा|website=Dainik Jagran}}</ref><br />
<br />
Currently, he is a member of the District Council in the 11th [[Chakma Autonomous District Council]] (2023 - 2028).<ref>https://www.cadc.gov.in/cc/cadc_mdc/nirupam-chakma/</ref> <br />
<br />
On March 8, 2024 he was appointed as a member of the '''[[National Commission for Scheduled Tribes]] (NCST)''' by the [[President of India]].<ref>https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/story/mizoram-nirupam-chakma-appointed-as-member-of-national-commission-for-scheduled-tribes-927733-2024-03-09</ref><ref>https://theprint.in/india/nirupam-chakma-first-from-chakma-community-to-be-appointed-ncst-member/1996828/</ref><ref>https://www.dailypioneer.com/2024/india/nirupam-first-from-chakma-community-to-be-appointed-ncst-member.html</ref> <br />
<br />
He is also holding the post of the national President of [[Chakma National Council of India (CNCI)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cadc.gov.in/2022/12/22/cadc-golden-jubilee-celebration-concludes-with-traditional-gaiety-and-fervour/ | title=CADC Golden Jubilee Celebration concludes with traditional gaiety and fervour – Chakma Autonomous District Council }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/story/mizoram-nirupam-chakma-appointed-as-member-of-national-commission-for-scheduled-tribes-927733-2024-03-09 Nirupam Chakma appointed as member of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes]<br />
* [https://myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5683 Nirupam Chakma(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MIZORAM(MIZORAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:]<br />
* [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nirupam-chakma/candidates/candidateid-5683.cms Nirupam Chakma BJP candidate for Mizoram LS seat]<br />
*{{Facebook | nirupamchakmaofficial}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakma, Nirupam}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Chakma people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Lawngtlai district]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2008–2013]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:1958 births]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thelenella_indica&diff=540792Thelenella indica2025-07-12T14:16:51Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: starting a stub.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Species of lichen}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| taxon = Thelenella indica<br />
| authority = Pinokiyo, Kr.P.Singh (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Thelenella indica''''' is a species of [[foliicolous lichen|foliicolous]] (leaf-dwelling) [[lichen]] in the family [[Thelenellaceae]]. Found in India, it was [[species description|formally described]] as a new species in 2006 by Athokpam Pinokiyo and Krishna Pal Singh. The [[type (biology)|type specimen]] was collected by the first author in a [[tropical]] forest along the Assam-Linzey road in the [[East Sikkim district]]; here it was found growing on the leaves of a small ''[[Schima wallichii]]'' tree.<ref name="Pinokiyo & Singh 2006"/> It appears to be [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Sikkim]] region of India.<ref name="Singh et al. 2018"/><br />
<br />
The lichen has a greyish-brown, verrucose (warted) [[thallus]] lacking a [[cortex (botany)|cortex]]. The [[photobiont]] partner of ''Thelenella indica'' is a species of [[green alga]] from family [[Chlorococcaceae]] with rounded cells measuring 6–12&nbsp;[[micrometre|μm]] in diameter, and occurring in groups of 5–18 cells.<ref name="Pinokiyo & Singh 2006"/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<br />
<ref name="Pinokiyo & Singh 2006">{{cite journal |last1=Pinokiyo |last4=A. |last2=Singh |last3=K.P. |year=2006 |title=New species and new record of foliicolous lichenized fungi from Sikkim (India) |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=97 |pages=57–61 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292638688}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="Singh et al. 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=K.P. |last2=Singh |first2=Pushpi |last3=Sinha |first3=G.P. |title=Lichen diversity in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot region, India | journal=Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment |issue=1 |year=2018 |doi=10.21756/cab.v3i01.esp9 |pages=71–114 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322740727 }}</ref><br />
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}}<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q21312805}}<br />
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[[Category:Lecanoromycetes]]<br />
[[Category:Lichen species]]<br />
[[Category:Lichens described in 2006]]<br />
[[Category:Lichens of India]]<br />
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{{Lecanoromycetes-stub}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugandhaparimalesvarar_Temple,_Tirumanancheri&diff=537940Sugandhaparimalesvarar Temple, Tirumanancheri2025-06-10T03:18:47Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
'''Sugandhaparimalesvarar Temple''' is a [[Shiva|Siva]] temple in Tirumanancheri in [[karambakkudi taluk]] of [[Pudukkottai]] district in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
This temple is located in [[Pudukottai]]-[[Karambakkudi]] road, at a distance of 45&nbsp;km. from Pudukottai.<ref name=pdk>புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டத் திருக்கோயில்கள் பயணியர் கையேடு, இந்து சமய அறநிலைய ஆட்சித்துறை, சென்னை, 2003</ref><br />
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==Presiding deity==<br />
The presiding deity is known as Sugandhaparimalesvarar and the goddess is known as Periyanayaki.<ref name=pdk/> The presiding deity is also known as Thirumananathar. When Kalamega Pulavar came to this place, for worshipping the Shiva, he had to cross the river Agniyar. Due to the rays of the Sun he could not able to walk. Then he prayed to the deity, and due to the grace of Shiva, water came into the river. Later he walked easily, without heat and crossed the river.<ref name=dinamalar/><br />
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==Speciality==<br />
The devotees believe that the deity would wipe out all the diseases.<ref name=pdk/> In [[Shiva]] temples, [[Nandi (bull)|nandhi]] could be seen near the [[Dwajasthambam|flagpost]]. But in this temple it is found in front raja [[gopura]]. There is no separate [[mandapa]] for Nandhi. It is found sitting on the floor.<ref>[https://www.valaitamil.com/shiva-temple-arulmigu-sugantha-parimaleshwarar-thirukoyil-t569.html அருள்மிகு சுகந்த பரிமளேஸ்வரர் திருக்கோயில், வலைத்தமிழ்]</ref> There is no temple tree for this temple.<ref name=dinamalar>[https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=824 அருள்மிகு சுகந்த பரிமளேஸ்வரர் திருக்கோயில், தினமலர் கோயில்கள்]</ref><br />
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==Festivals==<br />
The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 to 12.00 noon and 4.00 to 8.30 p.m.[[Pujas]] are held four times daily at Kalasanthi (8.30 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (6.00 p.m.) and arthajamam (8.00 p.m.). The first day of Tamil New Year, [[Vaisakha|Vaikasi visakam]] 10 days, [[Aadi Perukku|Adipperukku]], [[Thaipusam]] and [[Navaratri]] and other festivals are held here.<ref name=pdk/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district}}<br />
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{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district]]<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in Pudukkottai district]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rama_Biswas&diff=529037Rama Biswas2025-05-26T11:24:27Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Rama Biswas''' (born 2 September 1959)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rama Biswas, CPI-M MLA from Ranaghat Dakshin - Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/rama-biswas/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-10 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. She is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for the Scheduled Caste Community, in [[Nadia district]]. She was last elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ranaghatdakshin-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-07 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Ranaghat Dakshin (SC) profile: TMC's Barnali Dey to contest from seat this year |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-ranaghat-dakshin-sc-profile-tmcs-barnali-dey-to-contest-from-seat-this-year-9389891.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
Biswas is from [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], Ranaghat, Nadia district, West Bengal. She was married to late Jnanendra Nath Biswas. She completed her Master of Arts at [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rama Biswas(Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M))):Constituency- RANAGHAT DAKSHIN (SC)(NADIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=http://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1076 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Biswas was elected as an MLA for the first time from Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency representing the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Ranaghat Dakshin Election Result 2021 LIVE: BJP's Mukut Mani Adhikari snatches Ranaghat Dakshin seat from CPI(M) - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/ranaghat-dakshin-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-ranaghat-dakshin-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9141231.htm |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> She polled 104,159 votes and defeated her nearest rival, [[Abir Biswas|Abir Ranjan Biswas]] of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]], by a margin of 17,253 votes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Ranaghat Dakshin (SC) 2016 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/36757 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Ranaghat-dakshin Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Ranaghat-dakshin Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-ranaghat-dakshin-constituency-90.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> However, she lost the next election in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election as she could only finish third. Mukut Mani Adhikari of the Bharatiya Janata Party won the election defeating Barnali Dey Roy of the All India Trinamool Congress by a margin of 16,515 votes. Biswas could only get 15,124 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Ranaghat Uttar Purba, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/ranaghat-uttar-purba-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797169-2021-05-01 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><br />
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She also contested the [[Ranaghat Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal]] and finished third behind winner Jagannath Sarkar of the Bharatiya Janata Party and second-placed Rupali Biswas of the Trinamool Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranaghat Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result: Candidates Profiles, Map, Total Votes, Past Results {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/ranaghat |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biswas, Rama}}<br />
[[Category:1959 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Nadia district]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]<br />
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mrs_Sinha_Roy&diff=518647Mrs Sinha Roy2025-05-13T19:04:23Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up New Data Initial Version</p>
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<div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| genre = [[Family]], [[Drama]]<br />
| creator = <br />
| based_on = <br />
| writer = <br />
| director = <br />
| creative_director = <br />
| starring = [[#Cast|See left]]<br />
| composer = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = <br />
| producer = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]<br />
| editor = <br />
| cinematography = <br />
| location = Kolkata<br />
| runtime = Approx. 43 minutes<br />
| channel = [[Sananda TV]]<br />
| first_aired = <br />
| last_aired = <br />
}}<br />
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'''''Mrs. Singha Roy''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language]] [[family]] [[drama]] television show produced by [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] and directed by Partha Sen. The show stars [[Ishita Ganguly]] and [[Laboni Sarkar]] in lead roles. The show aired at 8:30pm from Monday to Friday on [[Sananda TV]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110725/jsp/entertainment/story_14284320.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929222913/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110725/jsp/entertainment/story_14284320.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 September 2013|title=Get set, go... with sananda tv!|work=The Telegraph|location=India|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110728/jsp/entertainment/story_14296790.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929222905/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110728/jsp/entertainment/story_14296790.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 September 2013|title=Telly Talk|work=The Telegraph|location=India|accessdate=28 July 2011}}</ref><br />
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==Plot==<br />
The duplicitous Damayanti Singha Roy saves distressed women through her [[non-governmental organization]]. A poor woman, Saraswati Mondal marries into the family and the series follows her as she interacts with hostile members of her new family.{{clarify|date=December 2016|reason=These two sentences are seemingly unrelated. Is Sarawasati the distressed woman? If so, how does Damayanti lure her into marriage? Needs way more information.}}<br />
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==Cast==<br />
*[[Ishita Ganguly]] as Saraswati Mondal Singha Roy<br />
*[[Laboni Sarkar]] as Damayanti Singha Roy<br />
*Rajat Ganguly<br />
*Debdut Ghosh<br />
*[[Joyjit Banerjee]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Joyjits-journalistic-streak/articleshow/9062451.cms|title=Joyjit's journalistic streak|work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref> <br />
*Piyali Munshi<br />
*Barun Chakraborty as Biswanath Mondal<br />
*Moushumi Saha<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television series]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Alone_Exist&diff=546313You Alone Exist2025-05-06T09:56:01Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: starting a stub.</p>
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<div>{{Short description|1962 poem}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{Missing information|the poem's publication history and reception|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox poem<br />
|name = ''You Alone Exist''<br />
|image = Meher Baba 1939.jpg<br />
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|first = 1962<br />
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}}<br />
{{God|attributes}}<br />
{{Philosophy of religion sidebar}}<br />
'''''You Alone Exist''''' is a prayer poem describing the unlimited attributes of God. Dictated by [[Meher Baba]] during 1959-1962 to his close disciple Bhau Kalchuri, the prayer-poem expressively describes the all-pervading nature of [[God]] through many attributes, from simple to sublime.<ref>{{Cite web |title=You Alone Exist by Meher Baba, composed by Jim Meyer |url=https://meherbababooks.com/products/you-alone-exist-dvd-by-meher-baba-composed-by-jim-meyer |website=Meher Baba Books |access-date=2024-02-09 |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003001736/https://meherbababooks.com/products/you-alone-exist-dvd-by-meher-baba-composed-by-jim-meyer |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
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==Text==<br />
The full text of the poem was written by Bhau Kalchuri under direction of Avatar Meher Baba.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |author=B.K.Pandey|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophers, You Alone Exist composition by Meher Baba and Bhau Kalchuri, Pg 167-180|date=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcVOAQAAIAAJ&q=%22You+Alone+Exist%22+-+meher+baba+google+books|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-3524-0 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nothing and the Everything, You Alone Exist composition by Bhau Kalchuri, dictated by Meher Baba, Pg 17|url=https://avatarmeherbabatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/NandE.pdf|website=avatarmeherbabatrust.org |access-date=2024-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Listen Humanity – "You Alone Exist" poem |url=https://avatarmeherbabatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ListenHumanity.pdf |website=avatarmeherbabatrust.org |access-date=2024-02-09 |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604180325/https://avatarmeherbabatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ListenHumanity.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nothing and the Everything, You Alone Exist composition by Bhau Kalchuri, dictated by Meher Baba, Pg 18|url=https://avatarmeherbabatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/NandE.pdf|website=avatarmeherbabatrust.org |access-date=2024-02-09}}</ref><br />
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==Music video==<br />
A 2005 collage film was directed and produced by Peter Nordeen with music composed and sung by Jim Meyer.<ref>{{Cite web |title="You Alone Exist" by Meher Filmworks |url=https://www.meherfilmworks.org/youaloneexist/home.html |website=meherfilmworks.org |access-date=2024-02-09 |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225161257/http://www.meherfilmworks.org/youaloneexist/home.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mehercenter.org/online-programing/you-alone-exist/|title=You Alone Exist|access-date=2024-02-09|website=mehercenter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amartithi 2024, screening of "You Alone Exist" -Day 2|url=https://avatarmeherbabatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Amartithi-2021-Online-Session-Schedule-for-ambppct.org_.pdf|access-date=9 Feb 2024|work=ambppct.org}}</ref> The [[stock footage]] is compiled and edited together from ''[[Meher Baba Newsreel Footage]]'' (1932), ''Three Incredible Weeks'' (1954), ''Meherabad'' (1955), ''Meher Baba's USA Tour'' (1956/1958), ''Pune-Meherabad'' (1960), ''East-West Gathering'' (1962) by Robert Fredericks in tandem to the rhythm of the musical prayer.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ixtheo.de/Record/169406588X|title=Unstructured networking in a charisma-based new religious movement: the 'Baba lovers'|first=Ray|last=Kerkhove|date=February 10, 2007|journal=Australian Religion Studies Review|volume=20|issue=2|pages=159}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book |author=D. E. Stevens|title=Listen Humanity|publisher=Crossroad Pub|year=1986}} <br />
* {{cite book |author= Robbins Thomas and Anthony Dick|title=Getting Straight with Meher Baba|publisher=JSTOR|year=1972}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt31228745}}<br />
*{{YouTube|id=DGHg8sH9ahw&t|title=''You Alone Exist''}}<br />
{{philosophy of religion}}<br />
{{Meher Baba|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1962 poems]]<br />
[[Category:Indian poems]]<br />
[[Category:Works by Meher Baba]]<br />
[[Category:Poetry about spirituality]]<br />
[[Category:Music videos]]<br />
[[Category:God in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Singular God| ]]<br />
[[Category:Creator gods]]<br />
[[Category:Deities]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhara_B%C4%81%E1%B8%8Dh%C4%81_Sa%27ala_Jagu&diff=485257Akhara Bāḍhā Sa'ala Jagu2025-04-05T09:54:40Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Added some details from scratch - done</p>
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<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Short description|Apabhraṃśa poem}}<br />
<br />
'''''Akhara Bāḍhā Sa'ala Jagu''''' is an [[Apabhraṃśa|Apabhramsa]] poem attributed to [[Saraha]], a [[Vajrayana]] [[Mahasiddha]] saint.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Padam |first=Piara Singh |url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=5398&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched= |title=ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਗਦ |date=1978 |language=pa |trans-title=Ancient Punjabi Prose}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harinder |editor2-last=Bhatia |editor2-first=Sunil Kumar |title=Salahiyat |url=https://punjabilibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/December_2024_Vol-3_No-12_Gurumukhi.pdf |journal=Salahiyat |language=Punjabi |publisher=South Asia Research Centre of India |volume=3 |issue=12}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Pajābī tē hōra bhāśāvāṁ |publisher=Bhasha Vibhag |year=1970 |location=Patiala |pages=165–166 |language=pa |script-title=pa:ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ |trans-title=Punjabi and Other Languages}}</ref> The poem is dated to around 760 CE and its language has close affinities to [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], which developed later.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |others=Department of Languages (Punjab) |title=Apabhraśa |script-title=pa:ਅਪਭ੍ਰੰਸ਼ |trans-title=Apabhraṃśa |url=https://punjabipedia.org/topic.aspx?txt=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B6 |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=[[Punjabipedia]] (entry sourced from 'Punjabi World Dictionary', vol. I) |language=pa}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Padam |first=Piara Singh |title=Punjabi Boli Da Itihas |publisher=Kalam Mandir, Landhar Mall |year=1995 |edition=3rd |location=Patiala |pages=68, 73 |language=pa |trans-title=History of the Punjabi Language |chapter=Varieties of Apabhramsa}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The poem is a ''[[Doha (poetry)|doha]]'' couplet.<br />
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== Text ==<br />
The text of the poem is as follows:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
{{Verse translation|Couplet one:<br>ਜਾਣ ਣ ਆਪ ਜਣਿੱਜਣਿ, ਤਾਵ ਣ ਸਿੱਸ ਕਰੇਇ।<br>Jāṇa ṇa āpa jaṇijaṇi, tāva ṇa sisa karē'i<br>ਅੰਧਾ ਅੰਧ ਕਾਢਵ ਤਿਮ, ਵੇਣ ਵਿ ਕੂਵ ਪੜੇਇ॥<br>Adhā adha kāḍhava tima, vēṇa vi kūva paṛē'i.<br>ਅਰਥਃ ਜਦ ਤੱਕ ਆਪ ਜਾਣੂ ਨਾ ਹੋਵੋ ਤਦ ਤੱਕ ਕਿਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਸ ਨਾ ਬਣਾਵੋ। ਜੇ ਅੰਨ੍ਹਾ ਅੰਨ੍ਹੇ ਨੂੰ ਖੂਹ ਚੋਂ ਕੱਢੇ ਤਾਂ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਡੁਬਦੇ ਹਨ॥<br>Arathaਃ jada taka āpa jāṇū nā hōvō tada taka kisē nū sisa nā baṇāvō. Jē anhā anhē nū khūha cōṁ kaḍhē tāṁ dōvēṁ ḍubadē hana.<br><br>Couplet two:<br>ਅੱਖਰ ਬਾਢਾ ਸਅਲ ਜਗੁ, ਣਾਹਿ ਣਿਰੱਖਰ ਕੋਇ।<br>Akhara bāḍhā sa'ala jagu, ṇāhi ṇirakhara kō'i.<br>ਤਾਵ ਸੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਘੋਲਿਆ, ਜਾਵ ਣਿਰੱਖਰ ਹੋਇ॥<br>Tāva sē akhara ghōli'ā, jāva ṇirakhara hō'i<br>ਅਰਥਃ ਸਾਰਾ ਜਗਤ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਬੰਨਿਆਂ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ, ਨਿਰੱਖਰ ਕੋਈ ਨਹੀਂ। ਐਸੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਸਿਰਜੋ ਜਿਸ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਨਿਰੱਖਰ “ਅਲੇਖ” ਹੋ ਸਕੀਏ॥<br>Arathaਃ sārā jagata akharāṁ nē bani'āṁ hō'i'ā hai, nirakhara kō'ī nahīṁ. Aisē akhara sirajō jisa rāhīṁ nirakhara “alēkha” hō sakī'ē.|Couplet one:<br>One should not make someone a student until he is aware. If the blind tries to pull the blind out of the well, both of them drown.<br><br>Couplet two:<br>The whole world is bound by letters and there is no single one. Learn such alphabets through which we can write well.|head1=Original (Apabhramsa)|head2=Summarized translation (English)|attr1=''Akhara bāḍhā sa'ala jagu'' (760) by Saraha}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Punjabi literature]]<br />
* [[Taank Kingdom]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Punjabi poetry]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi literature]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sachdeva_Institute_of_Technology&diff=531604Sachdeva Institute of Technology2024-11-22T03:43:09Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: starting new pg.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{moresources|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Sachdeva Institute of Technology<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| latin_name = <br />
| other_name = <!-- or: | other_names = --><br />
| former_name = <!-- or: | former_names = --><br />
| motto = <br />
| motto_lang = <br />
| mottoeng = <br />
| type = <br />
| established = <!-- {{start date|df=yes|YYYY}} --><br />
| closed = <!-- {{end date|df=yes|YYYY}} --><br />
| founder = <br />
| parent = <br />
| affiliation = <br />
| religious_affiliation =<br />
| academic_affiliation =<br />
| endowment = <br />
| budget = <br />
| officer_in_charge = <br />
| chairman = <br />
| chairperson = <br />
| chancellor = <br />
| president = <br />
| vice-president = <br />
| superintendent = <br />
| provost = <br />
| vice_chancellor= <br />
| rector = <br />
| principal = <br />
| dean = <br />
| director = <br />
| head_label = <br />
| head = <br />
| academic_staff = <br />
| administrative_staff = <br />
| students = <br />
| undergrad = <br />
| postgrad = <br />
| doctoral = <br />
| other = <br />
| address = <!-- Please discuss before using --><br />
| city = [[Farah, Mathura]], [[India]]<br />
| state = <br />
| province = <br />
| country = <br />
| postcode = <!-- or: | postalcode = --><!-- or: | zipcode = --><br />
| coor = <br />
| campus = <br />
| language = <br />
| free_label = <br />
| free = <br />
| colors = <!-- or: | colours = --><br />
| athletics = <br />
| sports = <br />
| athletics_nickname = <!-- or: | athletics_nicknames = --><!-- or: | sports_nickname = --><!-- or: | sports_nicknames = --><br />
| mascot = <!-- or: | mascots = --><br />
| sporting_affiliations = <br />
| website =<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_size =<br />
| logo_alt =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Sachdeva Institute of Technology''' is an educational institute in [[India]].<ref>[http://www.sitmathura.org/ Sachdeva Institute of Technology]</ref> There are four major schools in the organization: SIT- Sachdeva Institute of Technology, SP - Sachdeva Polytechnic, SIE - Sachdeva Institute of Education, SIS - and Sachdeva International School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Younus |first=Usama |date=22 January 2022 |title=DISCOVER THE EXCELLENCE OF SACHDEVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: NO 1 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDIA |url=https://usamayounus.com/sachdeva-institute-of-technology/ |website=Usama Younus}}</ref> The institute offers bachelor of technology degrees, as well as MBAs and B.Eds. Branches among others include [[computer science]], electronics and communication, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Univariety |url=https://www.univariety.com/college/Sachdeva-Institute-of-Technology/48c70b84 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.univariety.com |language=en}}</ref> The school is associated with the [[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University]] in [[Lucknow]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Education}}<br />
*[[List of colleges affiliated to the Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University]]<br />
*[[Agra#Universities_and_colleges]]<br />
*[[Mathura district#Education]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
{{coord|27.2927|77.7923|type:edu_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Mathura district]]<br />
[[Category:1982 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1982]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tadepalle,_Guntur_district&diff=465699Tadepalle, Guntur district2024-11-13T21:52:01Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: fixed references for clarity and fixed typos for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Tadepalli, Guntur district]]<br />
<br />
{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R from move}}<br />
}}</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sreelaya&diff=536998Sreelaya2024-10-11T09:39:32Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sreelaya<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Laya Jose<br />
| birth_date = <!-- must cite published reliable source(s) to verify birth date --><br />
| birth_place = Kannur<br />
| years_active = 2013{{endash}}present<br />
| spouse = {{Ubl<br />
| {{marriage|Chacko|2017|end=div}}<br />
| {{marriage|Robin Cherian|2021}}<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| relatives = [[Sruthi Lakshmi]] (sister)<br />
| children = 1<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Laya Jose''', better known by her [[Stage name|screen name]] '''Sreelaya''', is an Indian actress acting mainly in [[Malayalam]] television serials.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
Laya was born to Jose and cine actress Lissy Jose at [[Kannur]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ml:ഭാഗ്യദേവതയിലൂടെ ഭാഗ്യം വന്നപ്പോള് |trans-title=When fortune came through the Goddess of Fortune |url=http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/148/38 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223022/http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/148/38 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 July 2014 |publisher=mangalam.com |accessdate=14 July 2014 |language=ml}}</ref> She has a younger sister [[Shruthi Lakshmi]], also an actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/dimpal-thinkal-to-gopika-keerthana-meet-the-celebrity-siblings-of-malayalam-tv/photostory/82240317.cms?picid=82240377 |title=Dimpal-Thinkal to Gopika-Keerthana: Meet the celebrity siblings of Malayalam TV |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310073822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/dimpal-thinkal-to-gopika-keerthana-meet-the-celebrity-siblings-of-malayalam-tv/photostory/82240317.cms?picid=82240377 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sreelaya married Chacko in 2017, but later got divorced. She then married Robin Cherian in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-gossips/actress-sreelaya-wedding-reception-video-goes-viral/articleshow/80130630.cms?story=5 |script-title=ml:ശ്രീലയയുടെ വിവാഹ വാർത്ത ഏറ്റെടുത്തുകൊണ്ട് സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയ! |trans-title=Social media is abuzz with the news of Sreelaya's marriage! |first1=Lekshmi |last1=Nair |date=7 January 2021 |work=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310073044/https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-gossips/actress-sreelaya-wedding-reception-video-goes-viral/articleshow/80130630.cms?story=5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The couple have a daughter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-sreelaya-blessed-with-a-baby-girl-sister-sruthi-lakshmi-shares-the-happy-news/articleshow/88662498.cms |title=Actress Sreelaya blessed with a baby girl; sister Sruthi Lakshmi shares the happy news |work=The Times of India |date=3 January 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310073651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-sreelaya-blessed-with-a-baby-girl-sister-sruthi-lakshmi-shares-the-happy-news/articleshow/88662498.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|+ List of Sreelaya film credits<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Film<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Kutteem Kolum]]'' ||Suja || || <ref name="TOI">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/Sometime-I-feel-my-name-is-not-Sreelaya-but-Bhagyalakshmi/articleshow/37945194.cms |title=Sometime I feel my name is not Sreelaya, but Bhagyalakshmi |work=The Times of India |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310074615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/Sometime-I-feel-my-name-is-not-Sreelaya-but-Bhagyalakshmi/articleshow/37945194.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2015 || ''Maanikyam'' || Kunju Manikyam || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/sruthilakshmi-and-sreelaya-serial-actresses.html |title=കലാപ്രഭയിൽ ഈ ശ്രുതിലയം |work=Manorama Online |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310074020/https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/sruthilakshmi-and-sreelaya-serial-actresses.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Compartment'' ||Gayathri || || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150726/entertainment-mollywood/article/tv%E2%80%99s-special-child-sreelaya |title=TV's special child: Sreelaya |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012160118/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150726/entertainment-mollywood/article/tv%E2%80%99s-special-child-sreelaya |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|+ List of Sreelaya television credits<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Show<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" | Channel<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2005 || ''Krishna Kripa Sagaram'' || Radha || [[Amrita TV]] || ||<ref name="manoramaonline.god.2019.02.21">{{cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/style-factor/2019/02/21/moonumani-serial-actress-sreelaya-interview.html |script-title=ml:അവരുടെ സ്നേഹം എന്റെ കണ്ണ് നനയിച്ചു: ശ്രീലയ |language=ml |trans-title=Their love made my eyes water: Sreelaya |date=21 February 2019 |first1=S. |last1=God |work=Manorama Online |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310075050/https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/style-factor/2019/02/21/moonumani-serial-actress-sreelaya-interview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || ''Swarnamayooram'' || || [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] || ||<ref name="manoramaonline.god.2019.02.21"/><br />
|-<br />
| || ''Kurukshethra'' || || || ||<ref name="manoramaonline.god.2019.02.21"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''Kanmani'' || Thulasi || [[Surya TV]] || || <ref name="TOI"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2013-2014 || ''[[Bhagyadevatha (TV series)|Bhagyadevatha]]'' || Bhagyalakshmi || rowspan="3"|[[Mazhavil Manorama]] || || <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Bhagyadevatha-a-new-teleserial-with-an-exceptional-narration/articleshow/29092939.cms |title=Bhagyadevatha, a new teleserial with an exceptional narration |work=The Times of India |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310074617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Bhagyadevatha-a-new-teleserial-with-an-exceptional-narration/articleshow/29092939.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''Ivide Ingananu Bhai'' || Guest || ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''Nammal Thammil'' || Panelist || ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2017 || ''Moonnumani'' || Kuttimani || [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]] || || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kuttimani-is-the-best-role-i-have-played-so-far-sreelaya/articleshow/68151527.cms |title=Kuttimani is the best role I have played so far: Sreelaya |work=The Times of India |date=25 February 2019 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310073652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kuttimani-is-the-best-role-i-have-played-so-far-sreelaya/articleshow/68151527.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018–2019 || ''Thenum Vayambum'' || Mallika || Surya TV || || <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vivek-gopan-to-team-up-with-sreelaya-on-new-serial-thenum-vayambum/articleshow/66179203.cms |title=Vivek Gopan to team-up with Sreelaya on new serial, Thenum Vayambum |work=The Times of India |date=12 October 2018 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503134101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vivek-gopan-to-team-up-with-sreelaya-on-new-serial-thenum-vayambum/articleshow/66179203.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Priyapettaval]]'' || Dr. Uma || Mazhavil Manorama || Replacing [[Avanthika Mohan]] || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/avantika-mohan-quits-priyappettaval-thanks-fans-for-love-and-support/articleshow/76401604.cms |title=Avantika Mohan quits 'Priyappettaval'; thanks fans for love and support |work=The Times of India |date=18 June 2020 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114085132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/avantika-mohan-quits-priyappettaval-thanks-fans-for-love-and-support/articleshow/76401604.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"|2022 || ''Star Magic'' || Contestant || rowspan="4"|Flowers TV ||Fun Show || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-magic-sreelaya-enacts-kuttimani-after-4-years-watch/articleshow/80670758.cms |title=Star Magic: Sreelaya enacts Kuttimani after 4 years, watch |work=The Times of India |date=3 February 2021 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310073653/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-magic-sreelaya-enacts-kuttimani-after-4-years-watch/articleshow/80670758.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Top Singer Season 2'' || Guest || Music show ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kuttitharangalude Samsthana Sammelanam'' || Guest || Music show ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garhi_Todia&diff=499963Garhi Todia2023-11-29T20:47:32Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Creating First Details From Scratch.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Garhi Todia<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Kotla block Garhi Todia.png<br />
| map_caption = Map showing Garhi Todia in Kotla block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|27.2874|N|78.44739|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.14<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 407<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 283203<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Garhi Todia''' ({{IAST|Gaṛhī Toḍiyā}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 407, in 72 households.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As of 2011, Garhi Todia had a population of 407, in 72 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|102}} This population was 55.8% male (227) and 44.2% female (180).<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 98 --> The 0-6 age group numbered 62 (33 male and 29 female), making up 15.2% of the total population.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 98 --> 195 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 47.9% of the total.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 99 --><ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|98-9}}<br />
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The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Garhi Todia as having a population of 205 people (110 male and 95 female), in 37 households and 37 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|188-9}}<br />
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The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Garhi Todia (as "Garhi Toria") as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 134 people (65 male and 69 female), in 24 households and 11 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 282 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}<br />
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== Infrastructure ==<br />
As of 2011, Garhi Todia had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 102-3 --> Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 104 --> The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 105, 7 --> Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 106 --><ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|102-7}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Firozabad district}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>Md Omar Faruqhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naranbhai&diff=520469Naranbhai2023-06-13T20:10:01Z<p>Md Omar Faruq: Put Up Basic Entry W/ Sources</p>
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<div>'''Naranbhai''' may refer to<br />
<br />
*[[Naranbhai Kachhadia]], Indian Politician <br />
*[[Naranbhai Keshavlal Parikh]], Indian Politician<br />
*[[Naranbhai Rathwa]], Indian Politician<br />
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<!-- Please DO NOT add people to this list who do not already have their own Wikipedia articles. --><br />
{{Disambiguation}}<br />
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine given names]]</div>Md Omar Faruq