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Kristu Jayanti University

2026-05-08T08:56:24Z

MatildaAldrich: creating first data more to come!

{{short description| Former Colleage under the Bengaluru North University }}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kristu Jayanti (Deemed to be University)
| native_name =
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| motto = "Light and Prosperity"
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]] [[Deemed University|Deemed-to-be University]]
| established = {{start date and age|1999}}
| founder = [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate| Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI)]]
| parent = Bodhi Niketan Trust
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] A++ Grade, CGPA: 3.78/4
| religious_affiliation =
[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| academic_affiliation =
[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]] [[Bengaluru North University]] (2017–2025) 
[[Bangalore University]] (1999–2017)
| chancellor = Fr. Dr. Abraham Vettiyankal
| vice_chancellor = Fr. Dr. Augustine George, CMI
| dean = * Dr. Calistus Jude A. L. (Academics)
* Dr. Gopakumar A. V. (School of Humanities and Social Sciences)
* Dr. R Vijayakumar (School of Commerce, Accounting and Finance)
* Dr. Surendhranatha Reddy C (School of Business and Management)
* Dr. Devika Rani (Institute of Management)
* Dr. S Vijayanad (School of Biological and Forensic Sciences)
* Dr. R Kumar (School of Computational and Physical Sciences)
* Dr. Manjunath M S (School of Law)
| head_label = Registrar
| head = Dr. Aloysius Edward J.
| total_staff = 788
| students = 16000+
| address = K. Narayanapura Post, Kothanur
| city = [[Bengaluru]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| postalcode = 560077
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = {{cvt|50|acres}}
| language = [[English language|English]]
| free_label = Rankings
| free = * [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] India: Ranked 34 (2025)
* NIRF Karnataka: Ranked 1(2025)
* [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] India: Ranked 60 (2024)
* NIRF Karnataka: Ranked 3 (2024)
* NAAC India: Ranked 8
* NAAC Karnataka: Ranked 3
* NAAC Bengaluru: Ranked 2
* NAAC Accreditation Grade: A++
* NAAC CGPA: 3.78/4
* CBSE Parents Handbook Ranking Karnataka (Arts, Science & Commerce): 6
* CBSE All India Parents Handbook Ranking (Commerce & Finance): 19
* CBSE All India Parents Handbook Ranking (Management): 30
* Ministry of Education, India – Autonomous college (2013–2025)
* Ministry of Education, India – [[Deemed University|Deemed-to-be University]] (since 2025)
| colors = {{color box|#0000FF}} Blue and {{color box|#FFD700}} Gold
| sports_nickname = Jayantian
| sporting_affiliations = * Formerly [[Bengaluru North University|BNU]] (2017–2025)
* Formerly [[Bangalore University]] (1999–2017)
* [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]] (2025–present)
| mascot = None
| website = Official Website {{URL|https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}
| logo =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.058|77.642|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Bengaluru#India Karnataka#India
| map_size = 285
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bengaluru##Location in Karnataka##Location in India
}}
'''Kristu Jayanti (Deemed to be University )''' or '''Kristu Jayanti University''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti University: Bengaluru's Kristu Jayanti Gets Varsity Status |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/26-years-after-establishment-bengalurus-kristu-jayanti-gets-university-status-3645248 |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |date=2025-07-09 |title=Kristu Jayanti College granted 'deemed-to-be-university' status |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/kristu-jayanti-college-granted-deemed-to-be-university-status/article69793086.ece |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti (Deemed to be University) |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/academics/College-Arts-Science-Commerce/index.php |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref><ref>https://egazette.gov.in/(S(zvfpzbn3puu4mdsgdim3qtqh))/ViewPDF.aspx</ref> is a [[List of private universities in India|private]] [[deemed university]] in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It was established in 1999, and is managed by the by the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|CMI Fathers]] of St. Joseph Province.

The University is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) under the Section 3 and categories 2(f) & 12(B) when it was a College .It was accorded autonomous status in 2013 until 2025 by the UGC, the [[government of Karnataka]] and the [[Bengaluru North University]]. Until the 1999 till 2017 it was part of [[Bangalore University]] and Then Trifurcated into different Universities and became part of [[Bengaluru North University]] till 2025 .The [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] has accredited Kristu Jayanti (Deemed to be University ), now with A++ grade It was received in 2021 When it was [[College|Autonomous College]]. The college (now university) has been rated with a cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 3.78 out of 4 in the third cycle of accreditation. It is the second institution in the country and the first in Karnataka to achieve the highest CGPA. Kristu Jayanti Deemed to be University was ranked 60th among colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] in 2024 And was ranked 34th among college category ( when it was college) in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] in 2025 which is rank 1 College in Karnataka in 2025 and Surpassing The Other Well Known College in Karnataka like [[St. Aloysius, Mangaluru|St Aloysius]], [[Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru|Mount Carmel College Autonomous]], [[St. Joseph's College of Commerce|St Joseph College]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/CollegeRanking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904093443/https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/CollegeRanking.html |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref>

== History ==
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2020}}
Kristu Jayanti, founded in 1999, is run by the Bodhi Niketan Trust, formed by the members of St. Joseph Province of the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]]. Reaccredited with the highest grade 'A++' by NAAC in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti College main page |url=https://kristujayanti.edu.in/about/history.php}}</ref> Recognized by UGC under the category 2(f) & 12(B).

== Autonomous & Deemed to be University Status==

Kristu Jayanti has become an autonomous college from the academic year 2013–14. It continues to be an affiliated college of the [[Bangalore University|Banglore University]] till 2017 when it was Trifurcated and became part of [[Bengaluru North University]]. The university offers the degrees to the students after passing the examinations held by the college.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous Status |url=http://kristujayanti.edu.in/about/autonomous.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Autonomous Status of KJC {{!}} Enhancing Academic Excellence |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/about/autonomous.php |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref> On 8 July 2025, this College was granted the Status of the [[Deemed university|Deemed University]], as per the notification dated July 8, 2025, vide letter No. 9-13/2025 - U.3(A) under the [[University Grants Commission Act, 1956|Section 3 of University Grants Commission Act, 1956]]. After Granting [[Deemed University]] Status it was Disaffiliated With [[Bengaluru North University]] and Remained Independent Status.

==Achievements & Ranking ==
* [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] India: Ranked 34 (2025)
* NIRF Karnataka: Ranked 1 (2025)
* [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] India: Ranked 8
* NAAC Karnataka: Ranked 3
* NAAC Bengaluru: Ranked 2
* NAAC Accreditation Grade: A++
* NAAC CGPA: 3.78/4
* CBSE Parents Handbook Ranking Karnataka (Arts, Science & Commerce): 6
* CBSE All India Parents Handbook Ranking (Commerce & Finance): 19
* CBSE All India Parents Handbook Ranking (Management): 30
* Ministry of Education, India – Autonomous college (2013–2025)
* Ministry of Education, India – [[Deemed University|Deemed-to-be University]] (since 2025)
*UNAI HUB for SDG1<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kristujayanti.edu.in/UN-SDG1/pdf/Introduction-SDGs.pdf}}</ref>
*International accreditation by ACBSP<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kristujayantimba.edu.in/Accreditation-ACBSP.php|title=Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru }}</ref>

== Kristu Jayanti School of Law and Institute of Management ==
Kristu Jayanti School of Law is located in K. Narayanapura, Kothanur, in the northern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It was established in 2022 as a dedicated legal education wing of Kristu Jayanti University, which itself was founded in 1999. The law college is managed by the Bodhi Niketan Trust, an educational body formed by members of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), a Roman Catholic religious congregation.

Kristu Jayanti School of Law offers five-year integrated law programs, including:
- Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (B.A., LL.B.)
- Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (B.Com., LL.B.)
- Bachelor of Business Administration and Bachelor of Laws (B.B.A., LL.B.)

The Institute of Management and is accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with an A++ grade, holding a CGPA of 3.78/4. The MBA program is also accredited by the [[Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs]].

== Student support and campus life ==
===Research===
The research programmes are affiliated to [[Bangalore University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Research {{!}} Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/research/centre_for_research.php |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref>

===Faculty===

Faculty improvement is facilitated through programmes like in–house Faculty Development Programme (FDP), department-level programmes and Participation in FDPs / Conferences/ Seminars at other institutions and colleges. The institution encourages the faculty members to participate and undertake institutional research and to pursue personal research leading to [[M.Phil.]] and [[Ph.D.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/research/publications.php |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref>

==Campus==
Kristu Jayanti( Deemed to be University ) is located at K.Narayanapura, Bangalore, 11 KM away from Vidhana Soudha, the heart of [[Bangalore City]].

The library also has digital resources including a collection of CDs, databases, e-journals, software and projects. There are separate rooms for group discussion, reading and cubicles for personal study. Moreover, an e-library has been set up for e-resource.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KJC: LIBRARY |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/Library/index.html |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref> The Computer lab is equipped with internet and is open beyond office hours to meet students’ computing needs. The campus is equipped with wi-fi facility.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Campus Labs {{!}} Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru |url=https://www.kristujayanti.edu.in/campus/labs.php |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=www.kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref> The department of Life Sciences features four laboratories for Genetics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology.<ref name=":0" />

==Student life==
The college has formed several academic clubs and associations like Environment Club, Commerce Club, Management Association, Tourism Club, Computer Academy, Psychology Club, Erudite Club, Journalism Club, Film Club, Photography Club, Life Science Club, Jayantian Life Science Forum, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru |url=https://kristujayanti.edu.in/studentlife/clubs-associations.php |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=kristujayanti.edu.in}}</ref>

The Center for Social Activities (CSA) was established in 2009 as a students’ social movement.

==Notable Students & Alumni==

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Colleges in Bengaluru]]

Dhupguri Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T20:15:52Z

MatildaAldrich: new new details and citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhupguri
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Dhupguri.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Dhupguri Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Naresh Roy]]
| district = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| constituency_no = 15
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| electors = 263,118
}}
'''Dhupguri''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 15 Dhupguri Assembly constituency (SC) covers Dhupguri municipality, Banarhat I, Salbari I, Salbari II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[ Banarhat (CD block)| Banarhat community development block]] and Barogharia, Gadhearkuthi, Gadong-I, Gadong II, Jharaltagram I, Jharaltagram II, Magurmari I, Magurmari II, Sakoyajhora II, [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Dhupguri (Community development block)|Dhupguri]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]],<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 30 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Dhupguri Assembly constituency is part of No. 3 [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#EAECF0;"
! style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Election
! style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Member
! colspan=2 | Party Affiliation
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Rabindranath Sikdar
| style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| style="color:#00BBFF;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | No constituency
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Anil Guha Neogi
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#ad4019;" |
| rowspan="2" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Bhawani Paul
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Banamali Roy
| rowspan="8" style="background-color:#ff1d15;" |
| rowspan="8" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[Lakshmi Kanta Roy]]
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[Mamata Roy]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Mitali Roy]]
| style="background-color:#20c646;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Trinamool Congress]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Bishnu Pada Roy]]
| style="background-color:#ff9933;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2023_elections_in_India#West_Bengal|2023 - By Election]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:;" | [[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]
| style="background-color:#20c646;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhupguri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Naresh Roy
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:134798}}
|percentage = 54.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nirmal Chandra Roy
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:96248}}
|percentage = 38.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Niranjan Roy
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:7625}}
|percentage = 3.07
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Harish Chandra Roy
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:1467}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:1159}}
|percentage = 0.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:38550}}
|percentage = 15.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:248496}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2023 By Election===
{{Election box begin | title= Dhupguri (SC) constituency<ref name="Dhupguri Assembly constituency Bye Election Result 2023">{{cite news |title=Dhupguri Assembly constituency Bye Election Result 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeSeptNew2023/candidateswise-S2515.htm |access-date=4 July 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704110824/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeSeptNew2023/candidateswise-S2515.htm |archive-date=4 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]|votes=97,613|percentage=46.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Tapasi Roy|votes=93,304|percentage=44.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Iswar Chandra Roy|votes=13,758|percentage=6.52|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the Above|votes=1,220|percentage=0.58|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,11,084|percentage=78.35|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 Election===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhupguri (SC) constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= [[Bishnu Pada Roy]]|votes=1,04,688|percentage=45.65|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Mitali Roy]]|votes=1,00,333|percentage=43.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Dr. Pradip Kumar Roy|votes=13,107|percentage=5.73|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,29,323|percentage=87.16|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016 Election===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhupguri (SC) constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Mitali Roy]]|votes=90,781|percentage=43.49%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Mamata Roy]]|votes=71,517|percentage=34.26%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Agun Roy|votes=36,167|percentage=17.33%|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,08,947|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Mamata Ray of CPI(M) defeated her nearest rival Mina Barman of Trinamool Congress.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Dhupguri (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=15| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223908/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=15| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Dhupguri| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 June 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Mamata Roy]]|votes=73,644|percentage=42.25|change=-7.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Mina Barman|votes=69,406|percentage=39.82|change=-0.23#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Amar Chand Sarkar|votes=18,559|percentage=10.65|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mitali Roy
|votes = 7,021
|percentage = 4.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rai Charan Siddhya|votes=3,578|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Jan Parishad|candidate=Subhas Chandra Roy|votes=2,077|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=174,285|percentage=87.12|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = -6.81
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 2001 state assembly elections,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Lakshmi Kanta Roy of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 15 Dhupguri (SC) seat defeating his nearest rival Ashok Kumar Barman of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Banamali Roy of CPI(M) defeated Nripendra Nath Roy of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Birendra Nath Barman of Congress in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Nripendra Nath Roy of Congress in 1987, and Jagadamba Roy of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp15.htm
| title = 15 – Dhupguri (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Bhawani Paul of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Anil Guha Neogi of [[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]] won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Dhupguri constituency did not exist [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]] and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]] Rabindra Nath Sikdar of Congress won from Dhupguri.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalpaiguri topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Rukmini Devi Arundale

2026-04-24T18:04:12Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding The Biography Added Tags!

{{Short description|Indian dancer and choreographer (1904–1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date = March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rukmini Devi Arundale
| image = Rukmini Devi.jpg
| birth_name = Rukmani Neelakanta Sastri
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1904|02|29}}
| birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1986|02|24|1904|02|29}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1956) [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] (1967)
| yearsactive = 1920–1986
| spouse = {{marriage|[[George Arundale]]|1920}}
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = Member of Parliament, [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| term_start = 3 April 1952
| term_end = 2 April 1962
}}
}}

'''Rukmini Devi Arundale''' (née '''Sastri'''; 29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986)<ref name="r3">Sharma, Shoba and Gangadean, Ashok (January 31, 2004) [http://www.naatya.org/rda/RDAPressRelease.htm Rukmini Devi Arundale Centenary Celebration at Haverford College, February 28, 2004]. Naatya.org. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref> was an Indian [[theosophist]], dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of [[Bharatanatyam]], and an activist for [[animal welfare]].

She was the first woman in Indian history to be nominated as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]. The most important revivalist of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style prevalent amongst the temple dancers, the [[Devadasi]]s, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts.

She espoused the cause of Bharatanatyam which was considered a vulgar art form in the early 1920s. Recognising its beauty and value, she not only learned the dance, but also presented it on stage despite strong public protests.

Rukmini Devi features in ''[[India Today]]''{{'}}s list of '100 People Who Shaped India'.<ref>Raman, N. Pattabhi. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509024046/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/rukmini.html Rukmini Devi]. ''India Today''</ref> She was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1956,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=2015-10-15| title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> and the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] in 1967.

==Biography==

===Early life and marriage===

Rukmini Devi was born in [[British Raj]] India in a Tamil [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-08|title=Know the Only Indian in Today's Google Doodle? She Could Have Been India's First Female President!|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/90623/rukmini-devi-arundale-bharatnatyam-kalakshetra-president/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The Better India|language=en}}</ref> on 29 February 1904 in [[Madurai]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Her father, Neelakanta Sastri, was an engineer with the [[Public Works Department]] and a scholar, and her mother Seshammal was a music enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manral |first=Kiran |date=2024-04-23 |title=Rukmini Devi Arundale could have been India's President. She turned it down for Bharatanatyam |url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/rukmini-devi-arundale-could-have-been-indias-president-she-turned-it-down-for-bharatanatyam/2053077/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> He had a transferable job and the family moved frequently. He was introduced to the [[Theosophical Society]] in 1901. Her brother, [[Nilakanta Sri Ram]], later became the president of the Theosophical Society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical Photos from the Surendra Narayan Archives (Adyar Archives) - Rukmini Devi Arundale|url=https://www.theosophyforward.com/articles/theosophical-encyclopedia/2785-historical-photos-from-the-surendra-narayan-archives-adyar-archives-rukmini-devi-arundale|access-date=2021-10-01|website=www.theosophyforward.com}}</ref> Deeply influenced by the [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|Theosophical Movement]] as a follower of Dr. [[Annie Besant]], Neelakanta Shastri moved to Adyar, Chennai after retirement, where he built his home near the headquarters of the [[Theosophical Society Adyar]]. It was here that young Rukmini was exposed to not just theosophical thought, but also to new ideas on culture, theatre, music, and dance. Her meeting with the prominent British theosophist Dr [[George Arundale]]—a close associate of Annie Besant and later the principal of the [[Central Hindu College]] in [[Varanasi]]—led to her building a lasting bond with him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rukmini Devi Arundale: A life dedicated to Art|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/08sld01.htm |date=March 2004 |work=[[Rediff.com]] }}</ref>

They married in 1920 when she turned 16 and he was 26 years her senior at 42, much to the shock of the then conservative society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/08sld04.htm|title=A tribute to Rukmini Devi Arundale|date=2004-03-08|website=specials.rediff.com|access-date=2020-03-01|quote=Though Rukmini Devi's mother was supportive of her decision (her father had passed away by then), there were strong protests from relatives and the community. The public protest was so bad that the couple was forced to marry in Mumbai. Dr. Besant stood by them. At her instance, the governor of Madras hosted a reception for the Arundales when they returned. It amused Rukmini Devi to see all those people who opposed her marriage at the reception}}</ref> After marriage, she traveled around the world, meeting fellow theosophists and also forging friendships with the educator [[Maria Montessori]], and the poet [[James Cousins]].<ref name=r3/> In 1923, she became the president of the All-India Federation of Young Theosophists, and the president of the World Federation of Young Theosophists in 1925.<ref>Meduri, Avanthi (2 March 2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070313104433/http://www.hindu.com/2001/03/02/stories/0902033a.htm Rukmini Devi, the visionary]. ''The Hindu''.</ref>

In 1928, the famous Russian ballerina [[Anna Pavlova]] visited Bombay and the Arundale couple went to her performance, and later happened to travel on the same ship as her, to Australia where she was to perform next; over the course of the journey their friendship grew, and soon Rukmini Devi started learning dance from one of Anna's leading solo dancers, [[Cleo Nordi]].<ref>Swamy, K. R. N. (22 September 2002) [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020922/spectrum/main2.htm Pavlova steered Uday Shankar towards Indian dancing]. ''The Tribune''.</ref> It was later, at the behest of Anna, that Rukmini Devi turned her attention to discovering traditional Indian dance forms which had fallen to disrepute, and dedicated the rest of her life to their revival.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050728104902/http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01260/rda.html Rukmini Devi]. thinkquest.org</ref>

===Revivalism===

In 1933, at the Annual Conference of Madras Music Academy, she saw for the first time a performance of the dance form called the ''Sadhir''.<ref>[http://www.katinkahesselink.net/his/kalakshetra.html Kalakshetra and Rukmini at]. Katinkahesselink.net. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref> Later she learnt the dance from [[Mylapore Gowri Ammal]] and finally with the help of [[E. Krishna Iyer|E Krishna Iyer]]<ref>Viswanathan, Lakshmi (13 June 1997) [https://web.archive.org/web/20050217190914/http://www.sawnet.org/whoswho/?arundale+rukmini+devi Rukmini Devi Arundale]. Obituary from ''the Hindu''.</ref> from 'Pandanallur Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai'. In 1935, Rukmini Devi gave her first public performance at the 'Diamond Jubilee Convention of the Theosophical Society.<ref>Kothari, Sunil (7 August 2004) [http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profil44.html Revolutionising Sadir]. Narthaki.com. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref>
[[Image:Kalakshetra Academy Office.jpg|thumb|Office of ''Kalakshetra Academy'' at [[Besant Nagar]], [[Chennai]]]]
In January 1936, she along with her husband,<ref name=r1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061102112514/http://www.chennaibest.com/discoverchennai/personalities/dance1.asp RUKMINI DEVI ARUNDALE]. chennaibest.com</ref> established [[Kalakshetra]], an academy of dance and music, built around the ancient Indian [[Gurukul]] system, at [[Adyar (Chennai)|Adyar]], at [[Chennai]]. Today the academy is a deemed university under the Kalakshetra Foundation and is situated in its new in {{convert|100|acre|km2|adj=on}} campus in [[Tiruvanmiyur]], Chennai, where it shifted, in 1962.<ref>Doctor, Geeta (18 May 2007) [http://www.livemint.com/2007/05/18000359/Poetry-in-motion.html Poetry in motion]. livemint.com.</ref> Amongst its noted students are [[Radha Burnier]], [[Sarada Hoffman]], [[Anjali Mehr]], [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], [[Sanjukta Panigrahi]], [[C.V. Chandrasekhar|C V Chandrasekhar]], [[Yamini Krishnamurthy]] and [[Leela Samson]].<ref>Shanker, V. Gowri (November 1993) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080312002731/http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1993/11/1993-11-02.shtml The Lady Atop India's Top Arts Academy]. ''Hiduism Today''.</ref>

Previously known for the last few centuries as ''sadhir'' ({{Langx |ta| சதிராட்டம்}}), the Indian classical dance form of [[Bharatanatyam]] owes its current name to E Krishna Iyer and Rukmini Devi Arundale, who had been instrumental in modifying mainly the [[Pandanallur style]] of [[Bharatanatyam]] and bringing it to the global attention, and removing the extraneous sringaar and erotic elements from the dance, which were the legacy of its [[Devadasi]] association in the past.<ref>[http://www.indembassyathens.gr/Culture/dance/BNatyam.htm Bharatnatyam at indeembassyathens.gr]. Indembassyathens.gr. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref><ref>Eifler, Laurissa and Shivaratri, Maha (8 March 2005) [http://dakinidesigns.net/1000petals/BlueAvatar/bharatanatyam/Resources/BharataArticle.pdf Traditional Devadasi Sadir (Bharata Natyam)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513220137/http://www.dakinidesigns.net/1000petals/BlueAvatar/bharatanatyam/Resources/BharataArticle.pdf |date=13 May 2014 }}. Traditional Devadasi Sadir, Boulder, Colorado</ref> Soon she changed the very face of the dance, by introducing musical instruments, like violin,<ref>[https://archive.today/20240524035628/http://www.webcitation.org/5kx5BsfLd?url=http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781538563/Arundale_Rukmini_Devi.html Rukmini Devi]. Encarta</ref> set and lighting design elements, and innovative costumes, and jewellery inspired by the temple sculptures.<ref name=r2>Muthiah, S. (27 January 2003) {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20040203211000/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700070300.htm Another centenary celebration]}}. ''The Hindu''.</ref> Just as for her teacher she approached noted gurus in various arts and classical dances, for her productions, Rukmini Devi approached noted scholars for inspiration and classical musicians and artists, for collaboration, the result was the creation some of pioneering dance dramas-based on Indian epics like the [[Valmiki]]'s [[Ramayana]] and [[Jayadeva]]'s [[Gita Govinda]].<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20030710210134/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/03/16/stories/2003031600400500.htm Rukmini Devi Arundale – A catalyst to change ]}}. ''The Hindu''. 16 March 2003</ref> Starting with famous dance dramas like, 'Sita Swayamvaram', 'Sri Rama Vanagamanam', 'Paduka Pattabhishekam' and 'Sabari Moksham', followed by 'Kutrala Kuruvanji', 'Ramayana', 'Kumara Sambhavam', 'Gita Govindam' and 'Usha Parinayam'.<ref>Warrier, Shobha (27 February 2004) [http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/feb/27spec1.htm Destined to dance]. Rediff.com.</ref>

Schools based on the [[Montessori|Montessori method]] were first started in India,<ref>[http://www.whereincity.com/india/great-indians/women/rukmini-devi.php Great indians at]. Whereincity.com (24 February 1986). Retrieved on 2018-12-10.</ref> when Dr George Arundale invited Dr [[Maria Montessori]] to start courses in the 'Besant Theosophical High School' in 1939, and later also established, the 'Besant Arundale Senior Secondary School', The College of Fine Arts, The Besant Theosophical High School, The Maria Montessori School for Children, The Craft Education and Research Centre and the U. V. Swaminatha Iyer Library, within the [[Kalakshetra]] campus.

She also introduced a trend by inducing persons like Kamala Rani to learn nattuvangam for conducting recitals. Nattuvanars who guarded their own turf, were not given to teaching Devadasis Nattuvangam, which was a separate discipline of recitation of rhythmic syllables along with playing the cymbals. Yet another trend ushered in by her, in a female oriented Bharat Natam tradition, was introducing the male dancer in his own right. Exceptional gurus like Muthukumar Pillai who danced with his sister Kannamba and famous Thiruvarur Gyanam or even guru Kuppaiya Pillai performed in female disguise, which Krishna Iyer, also did.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkataraman |first=L |title=Indian Classical dance: The Renaissance and Beyond [English]. |publisher=Niyogi Books. |year=2017}}</ref>

===Later years===
Rukmini Devi was nominated as a member of the Indian Parliament's Council of States (the [[Rajya Sabha]]) in April 1952 and re-nominated in 1956. She was the first Indian woman to be nominated in Rajya Sabha.<ref>[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/rukmini-devi-arundale.html Indian heroes at]. Iloveindia.com. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref> Keenly interested in animal welfare, she was associated with various humanitarian organisations, and as a member of the Rajya Sabha, was instrumental for the legislation for the [[The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960|Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act]] and for later setting up of the [[Animal Welfare Board of India]], under her chairmanship in 1962.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Viswanathan|first=Lakshmi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/rukmini-devi-a-visionary-artiste/article30930580.ece|title=Rukmini Devi — a visionary artiste (February 29, 1904-February 24, 1986)|date=2020-02-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She remained on the board until her demise in 1986.

She did much work to promote [[vegetarianism]] in the country. She was vice-president of [[International Vegetarian Union]] for 31 years from 1955, until her death.<ref>[http://www.ivu.org/members/council/rukmini-devi-arundale.html Profile at International Vegetarian Union]. IVU. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref>

In 1977, [[Morarji Desai]] offered to nominate her for the post of [[President of India]] twice, which she turned down.<ref>[http://www.tamilnation.org/hundredtamils/arundale.htm 100 Tamils]. Tamilnation.org. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref> In 1978, 'Kalamkari Centre' (pencraft) was set up at Kalakshetra to revitalise the ancient Indian craft of textile printing.<ref>[http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1993/11/1993-11-02.shtml November 1993, hinduismtoday.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312002731/http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1993/11/1993-11-02.shtml |date=12 March 2008 }}</ref> On encouragement from [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], she encouraged natural dyeing and weaving at [[Kalakshetra Foundation|Kalakshetra.]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sethi|first=Ritu|title=Catalysing Craft- Women who shaped the way|journal=India International Centre Quarterly |date=Winter 2012 – Spring 2013 |volume=39| issue = 3/4 |pages=168–185}}</ref> She died on 24 February 1986 in Chennai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khokar |first1=Ashish Mohan |title=Seed for the banyan tree was sown on this day: on Rukmini Devi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/a-performance-that-became-the-turning-point-for-performing-arts/article22296707.ece |access-date=29 July 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=28 December 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Rukmini Devi 1987 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Rukmini Devi on a 1987 stamp of India]]
In January 1994, an Act of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] recognised the Kalakshetra Foundation as an '[[Institute of National Importance]]'.<ref name=r1/><ref>[http://www.kalakshetra.in/act.pdf Kalakshetra Foundation Act 1993] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215102340/http://www.kalakshetra.in/act.pdf |date=15 February 2010 }} Ministry of Law And Justice.</ref>

Year-long celebrations, including lectures, seminars and festivals marked her 100th birth anniversary, on 29 February, in 2004 at Kalakshetra and elsewhere in many parts of the world,<ref name=r2/> At the campus the day was marked by special function in which old students gathered from across India and the world, in a day of songs and recitals.<ref name="tr">{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/04/stories/2004030400180100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040419163600/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/04/stories/2004030400180100.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 April 2004|title=A legend lives on... It was time to pay tribute to Rukmini Devi Arundale, the czarina of dance.|date=4 March 2004|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Also on 29 February, a photo exhibition on her life opened at the Lalit Kala Gallery in New Delhi, and on the same day, then President [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] released a photo-biography, written and compiled by Dr [[Sunil Kothari]] with a foreword by former president [[R Venkataraman]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Her spirit still reigns |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2004/02/22/stories/2004022200380500.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085459/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2004/02/22/stories/2004022200380500.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 22 February 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Time to celebrate|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/27/stories/2003022700330100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040829172954/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/27/stories/2003022700330100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 August 2004 |work= [[The Hindu]]|date= 27 February 2003}}</ref><ref>[http://narthaki.com/info/reviews/rev158.html Centenary celebrations] nartaki.com</ref>

In 2016, Google honored Rukmini Devi on her 112th birthday with a [[Google Doodle|doodle]],<ref>{{cite news |title= Google Pays Tribute To Famous Bharatanatyam Dancer Rukmini Devi Arundale On Her Birthday|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/google-pays-tribute-to-famous-bharatnatyam-dancer-rukmini-devi-arundale-on-her-birthday-1282270 |publisher= [[NDTV]]|date= 29 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/rukmini-devis-112th-birthday/ |title=Archived Google Doodle honouring Rukmini Devi |date=29 February 2016 |website=Google |access-date=1 March 2016 }}</ref> and later in the month marking the 80th year of the Kalakshetra Foundation held, 'Remembering Rukmini Devi’ festival of music and dance.<ref>{{cite news | title = Kalakshetra celebrates its 80th year |work= The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/kalakshetra-celebrates-its-80th-year/article8280926.ece | access-date = 30 March 2016 |date=25 February 2016| first = Radhika | last = Santhanam }}</ref> Google also featured her in the 2017 Google Doodle for International Women's Day.<ref>[https://doodles.google/doodle/international-womens-day-2017/ International Women's Day 2017]. Google.com (8 March 2017). Retrieved on 2018-12-10.</ref>

==Awards and honours==
* 1955, Rukmini Devi Arundale was elected Vice President of [[International Vegetarian Union]], IVU
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (1956)
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1957)
* Desikothama (1972), Viswa Bharati University
* 1967 [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
* Prani Mitra (1968), ''Friend of All Animals'', ([[Animal Welfare Board of India]])
* [[Kalidas Samman]] (1984), Govt of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* D. Lit. (Honoris Causa), [[Indira Kala Sangit Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Khairagarh]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
* Queen Victoria Silver Medal, [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]], [[London]]
* Addition to the roll of honour by The World Federation for the Protection of animals, [[The Hague]]
* Honorary Doctorate, [[Wayne State University]], United States
* Scrolls of Honour, County and City of [[Los Angeles]]{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Indian women in dance]]
* [[List of animal rights advocates]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* ''Art and culture in Indian life''. Kerala University Press, Trivandrum 1975
* Sarada, S.: ''Kalakshetra-Rukmini Devi, reminiscences''. Kala Mandir Trust, Madras 1985
*''India’s 50 Most Illustrious Women'' by Indra Gupta. Icon Publications, 2003. {{ISBN|81-88086-19-3}}.
* ''Selections, Some selected speeches & writings of Rukmini Devi Arundale''. Kalakshetra Foundation, Chennai 2003.
* Rukmini Devi Arundale: Birth Centenary Volume, edited by Shakuntala Ramani. ''Chennai, Kalakshetra Foundation, 2003'',
* Kalakshetra Foundation (Hrsg.): ''Shraddanjali, brief pen portraits of a galaxy of great people who laid the foundations of Kalakshetra''. Kalakshetra Foundation, Chennai 2004
* Photo Biography of Rukmini Devi, Sunil Kothari. ''Chennai, The Kalakshetra Foundation, 2004''.
* Meduri, Avanthi (Hrsg.): ''Rukmini Devi Arundale (1904–1986), A Visionary Architect of Indian Culture and the Performing Arts''. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 2005; {{ISBN|81-208-2740-6}}.
*[[Leela Samson|Samson, Leela]] (2010). ''Rukmini Devi: A Life'', Delhi: Penguin Books, India, {{ISBN|0-670-08264-3}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rukmini Devi}}
* {{Official website|https://www.kalakshetra.in/newsite/}}
* [http://www.bristol.ac.uk/parip/ab_meduri.htm Trans-national biography of Rukmini Devi]
* [http://www.katinkahesselink.net/his/kalakshetra.html Rukmini Devi and Kalakshetra]

{{Theosophy series}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Animal rights}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arundale, Rukmini Devi}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]]
[[Category:Indian anti-vivisectionists]]
[[Category:Artists from Madurai]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian animal welfare workers]]
[[Category:Indian arts administrators]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Indian Theosophists]]
[[Category:Indian vegetarianism activists]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Recipients of Kalidas Samman]]

Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:27Z

MatildaAldrich: stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhavnagar West
| mla = [[Jitu Vaghani]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhavnagar]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:264681}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 105
}}

'''Bhavnagar West''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]] district.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Bhavnagar Taluka (Part) Villages – Nari, Vartej (CT)
# Bhavnagar Taluka (Part) – Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation (Part) Ward No. – 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Jitu Vaghani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==
===2022===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2022]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jitu Vaghani]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 85188
|percentage = 52.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kishorsinh Kumbhajibhai Gohil|party=Indian National Congress|votes=43266|percentage=26.77|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Raju Solanki|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=26408|percentage=16.34|change=''New''}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Dineshbhai Lakhabhai Rathod|votes=674|percentage=0.42|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Shekh Yunusbhai Mohamed Zakariya|votes=461|percentage=0.29|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Vyavastha Parivartan Party|candidate=Baraiya Gobarbhai Kanjibhai|votes=286|percentage=0.18|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Manharbhai Kanjibhai Rathod|votes=251|percentage=0.16|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=41,922|percentage=25.93|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=161650|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhavnagar West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jitendrabhai Savjibhai Vaghani
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 83,701
|percentage = 55.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gohil Dilipsinh Ajitsinh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 56,516
|percentage = 37.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|candidate = Dharamshibhai Ramjibhai Dhapa
|party = VVPP
|votes = 3,501
|percentage = 2.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 27,185
|percentage = 17.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,51,839
|percentage =62.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Bhavnagar|Bhavnagar West]]}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=13 June 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jitendra Vaghani
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 92,584
|percentage = 66.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mansukhbhai Kanani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 38,691
|percentage = 27.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|candidate = Salimbhai Adambhai Mehtar
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|votes =2,765
|percentage = 1.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 53,893
|percentage = 38.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,39,070
|percentage = 67.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bhavnagar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|21.76|72.11|display=title}}

{{Bhavnagar district}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bhavnagar district]]
[[Category:Bhavnagar]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Madhava's sine table

2026-04-17T14:42:23Z

MatildaAldrich: New new post

{{Short description|Mathematical table}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

'''Madhava's sine table''' is the [[table (information)|table]] of [[sine|trigonometric sines]] constructed by the 14th century [[Kerala]] [[mathematician]]-[[astronomer]] [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]] (c. 1340 – c. 1425). The table lists the [[Jyā, koti-jyā and utkrama-jyā|jya-s]] or Rsines of the twenty-four [[angle]]s from 3.75[[Degree (angle)|°]] to 90° in steps of 3.75° (1/24 of a [[right angle]], 90°). Rsine is just the sine multiplied by a selected radius and given as an integer. In this table, as in [[Aryabhata's sine table|Aryabhata's earlier table]], ''R'' is taken as 21600 ÷ 2{{pi}} ≈ 3437.75.

The table is [[character encoding|encoded]] in the letters of the [[Sanskrit]] alphabet using the [[Katapayadi system]], giving entries the appearance of the verses of a poem.

Madhava's original work containing the table has not been found. The table is reproduced in the ''Aryabhatiyabhashya'' of [[Nilakantha Somayaji]]<ref name=":0">''The Aryabhatiam of Aryabhattacharya with the Bhashya of Nilakantha Somasutvan, Part 1 - Gaṇitapāda,'' Edited by K. Sambasiva Sastri, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series No.101. p. 55. https://archive.org/details/Trivandrum_Sanskrit_Series_TSS http://www.sanskritebooks.org/2013/02/trivandrum-sanskrit-series-anantasayana-samskrita-granthavali/</ref> (1444–1544) and also in the ''Yuktidipika/Laghuvivrti'' commentary of [[Tantrasamgraha]] by [[Sankara Variar]] (circa. 1500–1560).<ref name="Raju">{{cite book|last=C.K. Raju|title=Cultural foundations of mathematics: The nature of mathematical proof and the transmission of calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE|publisher=Centre for Studies in Civilizations and Pearson Education in South Asia|publication-place=New Delhi|year=2007|series=History of Philosophy, Science and Culture in Indian Civilization| isbn=978-81-317-0871-2|volume=X Part 4}}</ref>{{rp|114–123}}

The verses below are given as in ''Cultural foundations of mathematics'' by C.K. Raju.<ref name="Raju"/>{{rp|114–123}} They are also given in the ''Malayalam Commentary of [[Karanapaddhati]]'' by P.K. Koru<ref>{{cite book|last=Puthumana Somayaji|author-link=Puthumana Somayaji|title=Karanapaddhati (with a commentary in Malayalam by P.K. Koru)|publisher=Astro Printing and Publishing Company|location= [[Cherpu]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]}} (Published in 1953)</ref> but slightly differently.

== The table ==

The verses are:

<poem>
श्रेष्ठं नाम वरिष्ठानां हिमाद्रिर्वेदभावनः ।
तपनो भानु सूक्तज्ञो मध्यमं विद्धि दोहनम् ॥ १ ॥
धिगाज्यो नाशनं कष्टं छन्नभोगाशयाम्बिका ।
मृगाहारो नरेशोयं वीरो रणजयोत्सुकः ॥ २ ॥
मूलं विशुद्धं नाळस्य गानेषु विरळा नराः ।
अशुद्धिगुप्ता चोरश्रीः शङ्कुकर्णो नगेश्वरः ॥ ३ ॥
तनुजो गर्भजो मित्रं श्रीमानत्र सुखी सखे ।
शशी रात्रौ हिमाहारौ वेगज्ञः पथि सिन्धुरः ॥ ४ ॥
छाया लयो गजो नीलो निर्मलो नास्ति सत्कुले ।
रात्रौ दर्पणमभ्राङ्गं नागस्तुङ्गनखो बली ॥ ५ ॥
धीरो युवा कथालोलः पूज्यो नारीजनैर्भगः ।
कन्यागारे नागवल्ली देवो विश्वस्थली भृगुः ॥ ६ ॥
तत्परादिकलान्तास्तु महाज्या माधवोदिताः ।
स्वस्वपूर्वविशुद्धे तु शिष्टास्तत्खण्डमौर्विकाः ॥ ७ ॥
</poem>

The quarters of the first six verses represent entries for the twenty-four angles from 3.75° to 90° in steps of 3.75° (first column). The second column contains the Rsine values encoded as Sanskrit words (in Devanagari). The third column contains the same in [[ISO 15919|ISO 15919 transliterations]]. The fourth column contains the numbers decoded into arcminutes, arcseconds, and arcthirds in modern numerals. The modern values scaled by the traditional “radius” (21600 ÷ 2{{pi}}, with the modern value of {{pi}} with two decimals in the arcthirds are given in the fifth column.

{| margin="1em auto" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Angle ''A'', degrees
! colspan="3" | ''R'' sin ''A'' given by Madhava
! rowspan="2" | Modern sin ''A'' × (21600 ÷ 2{{pi}}) to 2 decimals
|-
| '''In Devanagari script'''
| '''ISO 15919 transliteration'''
| '''Decoded angle in''' '''minutes′ seconds″ thirds‴'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''(1)'''
| style="text-align:center;" |'''(2)'''
| style="text-align:center;" |'''(3)'''
| style="text-align:center;" |'''(4)'''
| style="text-align:center;" |'''(5)'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |03.75
| श्रेष्ठं नाम वरिष्ठानां
| śreṣṭhaṁ nāma variṣṭhānāṁ
| style="text-align:center;" |0224′50″22‴
| style="text-align:center;" |0224′50″21.83‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |07.50
| हिमाद्रिर्वेदभावनः
| himādrirvēdabhāvanaḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |0448′42″58‴
| style="text-align:center;" |0448′42″57.58‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |11.25
| तपनो भानुसूक्तज्ञो
| tapanō bhānusūktajñō
| style="text-align:center;" |0670′40″16‴
| style="text-align:center;" |0670′40″16.05‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |15.00
| मध्यमं विद्धि दोहनम्
| madhyamaṁ viddhi dōhanam
| style="text-align:center;" |0889′45″15‴
| style="text-align:center;" |0889′45″15.61‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |18.75
| धिगाज्यो नाशनं कष्टं
| dhigājyō nāśanaṁ kaṣṭaṁ
| style="text-align:center;" |1105′01″39‴
| style="text-align:center;" |1105′01″38.94‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |22.50
| छन्नभोगाशयाम्बिका
| channabhōgāśayāmbikā
| style="text-align:center;" |1315′34″07‴
| style="text-align:center;" |1315′34″07.44‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |26.25
| मृगाहारो नरेशोयं
| mr̥gāhārō narēśōyaṁ
| style="text-align:center;" |1520′28″35‴
| style="text-align:center;" |1520′28″35.46‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |30.00
| वीरो रणजयोत्सुकः
| vīrō raṇajayōtsukaḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |1718′52″24‴
| style="text-align:center;" |1718′52″24.19‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |33.75
| मूलं विशुद्धं नाळस्य
| mūlaṁ viśuddhaṁ nāḷasya
| style="text-align:center;" |1909′54″35‴
| style="text-align:center;" |1909′54″35.19‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |37.50
| गानेषु विरळा नराः
| gāneṣu viraḷā narāḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |2092′46″03‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2092′46″03.49‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |41.25
| अशुद्धिगुप्ता चोरश्रीः
| aśuddhiguptā cōraśrīḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |2266′39″50‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2266′39″50.21‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |45.00
| शङ्कुकर्णो नगेश्वरः
| śaṅkukarṇō nageśvaraḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |2430′51″15‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2430′51″14.59‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |48.75
| तनुजो गर्भजो मित्रं
| tanujō garbhajō mitraṁ
|style="text-align:center;" | 2584′38″06‴
|style="text-align:center;" | 2584′38″05.53‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |52.50
| श्रीमानत्र सुखी सखे
| śrīmānatra sukhī sakhē
| style="text-align:center;" |2727′20″52‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2727′20″52.38‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |56.25
| शशी रात्रौ हिमाहारौ
| śaśī rātrou himāhārou
| style="text-align:center;" |2858′22″55‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2858′22″55.11‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |60.00
| वेगज्ञः पथि सिन्धुरः
| vēgajñaḥ pathi sindhuraḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |2977′10″34‴
| style="text-align:center;" |2977′10″33.73‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |63.25
| छाया लयो गजो नीलो
| chāya layō gajō nīlō
| style="text-align:center;" |3083′13″17‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3083′13″16.94‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |67.50
| निर्मलो नास्ति सत्कुले
| nirmalō nāsti satkulē
| style="text-align:center;" |3176′03″50‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3176′03″49.97‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |71.25
| रात्रौ दर्पणमभ्राङ्गं
| rātrou darpaṇamabhrāṅgaṁ
| style="text-align:center;" |3255′18″22‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3255′18″21.58‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |75.00
| नागस्तुङ्गनखो बली
| nāgastuṅganakhō balī
| style="text-align:center;" |3320′36″30‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3320′36″30.20‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |78.75
| धीरो युवा कथालोलः
| dhīrō yuvā kathālōlaḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |3371′41″29‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3371′41″29.15‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |82.50
| पूज्यो नारीजनैर्भगः
| pūjyō nārījanairbhagaḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |3408′20″11‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3408′20″10.93‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |86.25
| कन्यागारे नागवल्ली
| kanyāgārē nāgavallī
| style="text-align:center;" |3430′23″11‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3430′23″10.65‴
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |90.00
| देवो विश्वस्थली भृगुः
| devō viśvasthalī bhr̥ guḥ
| style="text-align:center;" |3437′44″48‴
| style="text-align:center;" |3437′44″48.37‴
|}

The last verse means: “These are the great R-sines as said by Madhava, comprising arcminutes, seconds and thirds. Subtracting from each the previous will give the R-sine-differences.”

By comparing, one can note that Madhava's values are accurately given rounded to the declared precision of thirds except for Rsin(15°) where one feels he should have rounded up to 889′45″16‴ instead.

Note that in the [[Katapayadi system]] the digits are written in the reverse order, so for example the literal entry corresponding to 15° is 51549880 which is reversed and then read as 0889′45″15‴. Note that the 0 does not carry a value but is used for the metre of the poem alone.

==A simple way of understanding the table==

Without going into the philosophy of why the value of ''R'' = 21600 ÷ 2{{pi}} was chosen etc, the simplest way to relate the jya tables to our modern concept of sine tables is as follows:

Even today sine tables are given as decimals to a certain precision. If sin(15°) is given as 0.1736, it means the rational 1736 ÷ 10000 is a good approximation of the actual infinite precision number. The only difference is that in the earlier days they had not standardized on decimal values (or powers of ten as denominator) for fractions. Hence they used other denominators based on other considerations (which are not discussed here).

Hence the sine values represented in the tables may simply be taken as approximated by the given integer values divided by the ''R'' chosen for the table.

Another possible confusion point is the usage of angle measures like arcminute etc in expressing the R-sines. Modern sines are unitless ratios. Jya-s or R-sines are the same multiplied by a measure of length or distance. However, since these tables were mostly used for astronomy, and distance on the celestial sphere is expressed in angle measures, these values are also given likewise. However, the unit is not really important and need not be taken too seriously, as the value will anyhow be used as part of a rational and the unit will cancel out.

However, this also leads to the usage of sexagesimal subdivisions in Madhava's refining the earlier table of Aryabhata. Instead of choosing a larger ''R'', he gave the extra precision determined by him on top of the earlier given minutes by using seconds and thirds. As before, these may simply be taken as a different way of expressing fractions and not necessarily as angle measures.

==Another (more difficult) way to understand the values==

[[File:Madhavasine.jpeg|thumb|center|300px|Diagram explaining the meaning of the values in Madhava's table]]

Consider some angle whose measure is ''A''. Consider a [[circle]] of unit radius and center O. Let the arc PQ of the circle subtend an angle ''A'' at the center O. Drop the [[perpendicular]] QR from Q to OP; then the length of the line segment RQ is the value of the trigonometric sine of the angle ''A''. Let PS be an arc of the circle whose length is equal to the length of the segment RQ. For various angles ''A'', Madhava's table gives the measures of the corresponding angles <math>\angle</math>POS in [[Minute of arc|arcminutes]], [[arcsecond]]s and sixtieths of an [[arcsecond]].

As an example, let ''A'' be an angle whose measure is 22.50°. In Madhava's table, the entry corresponding to 22.50° is the measure in arcminutes, arcseconds and sixtieths of an arcsecond of the angle whose radian measure is the value of <code>sin 22.50°</code>, which is 0.3826834;
:multiply 0.3826834 radians by 180/{{pi}} to convert to 21.92614 degrees, which is
:1315 arcminutes 34 arcseconds 07 sixtieths of an arcsecond, abbreviated 13153407.

For an angle whose measure is ''A'', let

:<math>\angle POS = m \text{ arcminutes, } s \text{ arcseconds, } t \text{ sixtieths of an arcsecond}</math>

Then:

:<math>
\begin{align}
\sin (A) & = RQ \\
& = \text{length of arc } PS \\
& = \angle POS \text{ in radians} \\
\end{align}
</math>

==Derivation of trigonometric sines from the table==

Each of the lines in the table specifies eight digits. Let the digits corresponding to angle ''A'' (read from left to right) be:

:<math> d_1\quad d_2\quad d_3\quad d_4\quad d_5\quad d_6\quad d_7\quad d_8 </math>

Then according to the rules of the [[Katapayadi system]] they should be taken from right to left and we have:

:<math>
\begin{align}
m & = d_8\times 1000 + d_7\times 100 + d_6 \times 10 +d_5\\
s & = d_4\times 10 + d_3\\
t & = d_2\times 10 + d_1
\end{align}
</math>

:<math>
B = m^{\prime}s^{\prime\prime}t^{\prime\prime\prime} = \frac{1^\circ}{60}\left( m + \frac{s}{60}+ \frac{t}{60\times 60}\right)
</math>

The value of the above angle ''B'' expressed in radians will correspond to the sine value of ''A''.

:<math>
\sin A = \frac{\pi}{180} B
</math>

As said earlier, this is the same as dividing the encoded value by the taken ''R'' value:

:<math>
\sin A = \frac{B}{\frac{21600^\prime}{2\pi}}
</math>

==Example==

The table lists the following digits corresponding to the angle ''A'' = 45.00°:

:<math>5\quad 1\quad 1\quad 5\quad 0\quad 3\quad 4\quad 2</math>

This yields the angle with measure:

:<math>
\begin{align}
m & = 2\times 1000 + 4\times 100 + 3\times 10 + 0 \text{ arcminutes}\\
& = 2430 \text{ arcminutes} \\
s & = 5\times 10 + 1 \text{ arcseconds}\\
& = 51 \text{ arcseconds}\\
t & = 1\times 10 + 5 \text{ sixtieths of an arcsecond}\\
& = 15 \text{ sixtieths of an arcsecond}
\end{align}
</math>

From which we get:

:<math>
B = \frac{1^\circ}{60}\left( 2430 + \frac{51}{60} + \frac{15}{60\times 60}\right) = \frac{116681}{2880}
</math>

The value of the sine of ''A'' = 45.00° as given in Madhava's table is then just ''B'' converted to radians:

:<math>
\sin 45^\circ = \frac{\pi}{180} B = \frac{\pi}{180} \times \frac{116681}{2880}
</math>

Evaluating the above, one can find that sin 45° is 0.70710681… This is accurate to 6 decimal places.

==Madhava's method of computation==

No work of Madhava detailing the methods used by him for the computation of the sine table has survived. However from the writings of later Kerala mathematicians including [[Nilakantha Somayaji]] ([[Tantrasangraha]]) and [[Jyeshtadeva]] ([[Yuktibhāṣā]]) that give ample references to Madhava's accomplishments, it is conjectured that Madhava computed his sine table using the [[Sine and cosine#Series definitions|power series expansion of sin ''x'']]:

:<math>
\sin x = x - \frac{x^3}{3!} + \frac{x^5}{5!} - \frac{x^7}{7!} + \cdots
</math>

==See also==

*[[Madhava series]]
*[[Madhava's correction term]]
*[[Madhava's value of π|Madhava's value of {{pi}}]]
*[[Āryabhaṭa's sine table]]
*[[Ptolemy's table of chords]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further references==
*{{cite journal|last=Bag|first=A.K.|year=1976|title=Madhava's sine and cosine series|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science|publisher=Indian National Academy of Science|volume=11|issue=1|pages=54–57|url=http://www.dli.gov.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af4_54.pdf|access-date=21 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705200732/http://www.dli.gov.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af4_54.pdf|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=dead}}
*For an account of Madhava's computation of the sine table see : {{cite book|last=Van Brummelen|first=Glen |title=The mathematics of the heavens and the earth : the early history of trigonometry|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton|year=2009|pages=113–120|isbn=978-0-691-12973-0|url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8956.html}}
*For a thorough discussion of the computation of Madhava's sine table with historical references : {{cite book|last=C.K. Raju|title=Cultural foundations of mathematics: The nature of mathematical proof and the transmission of calculus from India to Europe in the 16 thc. CE|publisher=Centre for Studies in Civilizations|location=Delhi|year=2007|series=History of Philosophy, Science and Culture in Indian Civilization|volume=X Part 4|pages=114–123}}

{{Kerala School}}
{{Indian mathematics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhava's Sine Table}}
[[Category:Trigonometry]]
[[Category:Indian mathematics]]
[[Category:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]]

Binnypet Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:46:53Z

MatildaAldrich: new some post w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Binnypet
|state = [[Karnataka]]
|constituency_no =
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
|established = 1978
|abolished = 2008
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}
'''Binnypet Assembly constituency''' was one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. It was a part of [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || I. P. D. Salappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | G. Narayana Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Naseer Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="3" | [[V. Somanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Somanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 77,657 |percentage = 42.68% |change = {{increase}}16.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. C. Aswathanarayana |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,737 |percentage = 27.88% |change = {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Azeem |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 47,786 |percentage = 26.26% |change = {{increase}}22.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatalakshmaiah. G |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,110 |percentage = 1.16% |change = {{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,920 |percentage = 14.80% |change = {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 181,977 |percentage = 48.43% |change = {{decrease}}8.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 181,953}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 375,753 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.32 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}2.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Somanna]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 73,974 |percentage = 40.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. C. Aswathanarayana |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,736 |percentage = 27.22% |change = {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayyeed Ahmed. Y |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,055 |percentage = 26.30% |change = {{increase}}16.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishnappa. B |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,274 |percentage = 3.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatalakshmaiah. G |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,202 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Narayana Kumar |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 1,660 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,238 |percentage = 13.26% |change = {{decrease}}16.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 183,420 |percentage = 56.78% |change = {{decrease}}5.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,741}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 11 |percentage = 0.01% |change = {{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 323,037 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}8.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Somanna]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 82,354 |percentage = 49.38% |change = {{increase}}35.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naseer Ahmed |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 32,369 |percentage = 19.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vimala Gowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 22,732 |percentage = 13.63% |change = {{increase}}9.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Saleem Ahmed |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,127 |percentage = 10.27% |change = {{decrease}}33.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Krishnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,692 |percentage = 4.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Narayana Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,813 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. C. Shivanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,069 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 49,985 |percentage = 29.97% |change = {{increase}}19.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 168,910 |percentage = 61.88% |change = {{increase}}4.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 166,771}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,139 |percentage = 1.27% |change = {{decrease}}2.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 272,985 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.75 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Naseer Ahmed |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,285 |percentage = 43.74% |change = {{increase}}4.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Somanna]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 46,322 |percentage = 33.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Narayana Kumar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 20,042 |percentage = 14.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Thimmaiah |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,057 |percentage = 4.32% |change = {{decrease}}3.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatalakshmaiah. G |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,050 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vatal Nagaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 928 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,963 |percentage = 10.68% |change = {{increase}}7.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,239 |percentage = 57.72% |change = {{increase}}5.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,118}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,121 |percentage = 4.19% |change = {{increase}}3.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 253,350 |ref = |change = {{increase}}46.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. Narayana Kumar |party = Janata Party |votes = 37,990 |percentage = 42.13% |change = {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Soukat Kureshi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,484 |percentage = 39.35% |change = {{increase}}20.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. C. Aswathanarayana |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,215 |percentage = 8.00% |change = {{increase}}3.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Kumara Swamy |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,936 |percentage = 3.26% |change = {{decrease}}1.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Krishnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,365 |percentage = 2.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Wincent |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,565 |percentage = 1.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sattar Sherief |party = Independent politician |votes = 948 |percentage = 1.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,506 |percentage = 2.78% |change = {{decrease}}23.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,011 |percentage = 52.57% |change = {{decrease}}10.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,178}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 833 |percentage = 0.92% |change = {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,131 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. Narayana Kumar |party = Janata Party |votes = 41,291 |percentage = 45.33% |change = {{increase}}20.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = I. P. D. Salappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,187 |percentage = 18.87% |change = {{increase}}17.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Haji Shariff Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 16,436 |percentage = 18.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. R. Rajashekhara Kasave |party = Lokdal |votes = 4,589 |percentage = 5.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Thimmaiah |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,821 |percentage = 4.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. P. Selavaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,949 |percentage = 2.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Prabhakar Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,102 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vatal Nagaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 820 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Ramadas |party = Independent politician |votes = 778 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,104 |percentage = 26.46% |change = {{increase}}6.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 93,013 |percentage = 63.52% |change = {{increase}}3.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 91,097}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,916 |percentage = 2.06% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,442 |ref = |change = {{increase}}37.55 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Binnypet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = I. P. D. Salappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 28,037 |percentage = 44.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Prabhakar Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,474 |percentage = 24.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gnamba Vatal Nagaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,655 |percentage = 23.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. M. Aswathanarayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,242 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Showkat Qureshi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 906 |percentage = 1.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ameet Pasha |party = Independent politician |votes = 805 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohamed Mustafa |party = Independent politician |votes = 430 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Srinivasan |party = Independent politician |votes = 402 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,563 |percentage = 20.02% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,154 |percentage = 60.26% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,767}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,387 |percentage = 2.16% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,461 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bangalore Urban district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.967|77.558|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{BangaloreUrban-geo-stub}}

Government Medical College

2026-04-14T01:56:56Z

MatildaAldrich: new some stub w/ infobox

'''Government Medical College''' may refer to one of several medical colleges in India:

{{TOC right}}
== Jammu & Kashmir ==
* [[Government Medical College, Anantnag]]
* [[Government Medical College, Baramulla]]
* [[Government Medical College, Doda]]
* [[Government Medical College, Jammu]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kathua]]
* [[Government Medical College, Rajouri]]
* [[Government Medical College, Srinagar]]

==Kerala==
* [[Government Medical College, Ernakulam]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kannur]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kollam]]
* [[Government Medical College, Konni]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kottayam]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kozhikode]]
* [[Government Medical College, Manjeri]]
* [[Government Medical College, Palakkad]]
* [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram]]
* [[Government Medical College, Thrissur]]

== Maharashtra ==
* [[Government Medical College, Akola]]
* [[Government Medical College, Aurangabad]]
* [[Government Medical College, Baramati]]
* [[Government Medical College, Chandrapur]]
* [[Government Medical College, Gondia]]
* [[Government Medical College, Jalgaon]]
* [[Government Medical College, Latur]]
* [[Government Medical College, Miraj]]
* [[Government Medical College, Nagpur]]

==Rest of India==
* [[Government Medical College, Amritsar]]
* [[Government Medical College, Anantapur]]
* [[Government Medical College, Azamgarh]]
* [[Government Medical College, Banda]]
* [[Government Medical College, Bhavnagar]]
* [[Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh|Government Medical College, Chandigarh]]
* [[Government Medical College, Haldwani]]
* [[Government Medical College, Jalaun]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kannauj]]
* [[Government Medical College, Karimnagar]]
* [[Government Medical College, Kota]]
* [[Government Medical College, Mahbubnagar]]
* [[Government Medical College, Nizamabad]]
* [[Government Medical College, Pali]]
* [[Government Medical College, Patiala]]
* [[Government Medical College, Raigarh]]
* [[Government Medical College, Rajnandgaon]]
* [[Government Medical College, Siddipet]]
* [[Government Medical College, Srikakulam]]
* [[Government Medical College, Surat]]

{{school disambiguation}}

Puthanathani Bypass

2026-04-07T18:41:13Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding Basic Stub W/ Refs!

{{Short description|NH bypass in Kerala}}
{{infobox road
|country=IND
|name= Puthanathani Bypass
|maint= [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]]
|map=
|map_alt= Map of Puthanathani Bypass
|map_notes=
|length_km= 1.50
|history= 2022-Present {{collapsible list|bullets=yes
| title = Timeline
| 1 = Planned : 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malappuram.nic.in/en/document/land-acquisition-kottakkal-bypass-road-3rd-phase-111-notification/|title=Land Acquisition – Kottakkal Bypass Road 3rd Phase – 11(1) Notification | Welcome to Malappuram | India}}</ref>
| 2 = Approval : 2022
| 3 = Phase-I : 2024

}}
|established =
|direction_a= South
|direction_b= North
|terminus_a= [[File:NH66-IN.svg|15px]] [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH-66]] in [[Puthanathani|Central Junction Puthanthani]]
|terminus_b=
|cities= [[Puthanathani]]
|image=
|image_notes=
|junction=
|status= Under Construction (50% finished)
|formed=
}}
'''Puthanathani Bypass''' is a part of [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] that bypasses of [[Puthanathani]] city in [[Malappuram metropolitan area]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The busy 1.50 km long bypass starts at Athirumada near [[Kalpakanchery#Civic administration|Randathani]] in the south to [[Puthanathani]] in the north, via [[Puthanathani|Central Junction Puthanathani]] in [[Puthanathani|Puthanathani Town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/nh66-to-have-bypasses-saving-land-acquisition-costs-1.1680167|title=NH66 to have bypasses saving land acquisition costs|date=January 24, 2017|website=English Archives}}</ref>
== Chungam Puthanathani Viaduct ==
Chungam Puthanathani Viaduct is under construction at the end of Puthanathani Bypass. 90% of the construction work of this Viaduct bridge is completed. This Viaduct bridge, which starts at the end of Puthanathani Bypass, is 1 km long. This Viaduct ends at [[Vettichira]] [[Overpass]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valanchery.in/road-work-under-progress-in-nh-66-in-between-edarikode-and-kuttippuram/|title=Traffic Update Live | ദേശീയപാത 66ൽ റോഡ് നിർമ്മാണം പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നു, വെട്ടിച്ചിറയിൽ ഗതാഗത നിയന്ത്രണം|date=November 28, 2020|website=Valanchery Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/local-news/malappuram/construction-of-flyover-at-vettichira-angadi-should-be-expedited-1230875|title=വെ ട്ടി ച്ചി റ അ ങ്ങാ ടി യി ലെ മേ ൽ പാ ലം നി ർ മാ ണം വേ ഗ ത്തി ലാ ക്ക ണം | Construction of flyover at Vettichira Angadi should be expedited | Madhyamam|first=മാധ്യമം|last=ലേഖകൻ|date=November 29, 2023|website=www.madhyamam.com}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|Roads}}
* [[Valanchery Bypass]]
* [[Kottakkal Bypass]]
* [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH-66]]
* [[Malappuram metropolitan area]]
* [[Puthanathani]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{NH Bypasses in Kerala}}
[[Category:NH bypasses in Kerala]]
[[Category:National highways in Kerala|66]]

Third Naveen Patnaik ministry

2026-04-05T12:14:47Z

MatildaAldrich: starting new stub initial version!

{{Short description|Government of Odisha (2009 {{ndash}} 2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 28th
| jurisdiction = [[Odisha]]
| flag_border = true
| flag = File:Seal of Odisha.svg
| incumbent = 2009 {{ndash}} 2014
| image = File:NaveenPatnaik.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Naveen Patnaik]] [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Odisha]]
| date_formed = 21 May 2009
| date_dissolved = 20 May 2014
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| government_head = [[Naveen Patnaik]]
| deputy_government_head =
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Odisha|Governor]]
| state_head = [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] [[S.C. Jamir]]
| members_number = 21
| political_parties = {{Color box|#50B450}} [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]{{Composition bar|103|147|hex=#50B450|per=1}}
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| opposition_leader = [[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
| election = [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
| legislature_term = {{ayd|21 May 2009|20 May 2014}}
| successor = [[Fourth Naveen Patnaik ministry]]
| cabinet_name = Third Naveen Patnaik ministry
| incoming_formation = [[14th Orissa Legislative Assembly]]
| outgoing_formation = [[13th Orissa Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Second Naveen Patnaik ministry]]
}}
'''Naveen Patnaik''' was elected as chief minister of [[Odisha]] for the third time in 2009 after securing a landslide victory in [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]. The elections were held in the state in two phases coinciding with [[2009 Indian general election]]. The results were declared on 16 May 2009. [[Biju Janata Dal]] secured 103 seats out of 147 in the fourteenth [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]], becoming the first ever regional party to come to power on its own in the state. The ministry was informally known as Naveen 3.0.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28-33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
After breaking 11 year old alliance with BJP, BJD decided to fight upcoming election independently with limited seat-sharing agreement with [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] & [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and won the [[2009 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|2009 Orissa Assembly election]] with a landslide.

Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] along with 11 Cabinet Ministers and 9 Minister of State with Independent Charges were administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] at the [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar]] on 21 May 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2009 |title=Naveen Patnaik sworn in as Orissa Chief Minister |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naveen-patnaik-sworn-in-as-orissa-chief-minister/articleshow/4560257.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2009 |title=Naveen Patnaik to take oath with 20 ministers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/election-news/story/naveen-patnaik-to-take-oath-with-20-ministers-48174-2009-05-20 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Naveen Patnaik begins third term as Orissa CM |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-begins-third-term-as-orissa-cm-394608 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709015702/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-begins-third-term-as-orissa-cm-394608 |archive-date=2017-07-09 |access-date=2025-09-07 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

First Cabinet reshuffle took place on 10 May 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allotment of portfolio |url=https://pa.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-02/Notification-MinistersPortfolio.pdf |website=Parliamentary affair, Govt. of Odisha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2012 |title=Naveen Patnaik reshuffles Portfolios |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/May/11/naveen-patnaik-reshuffles-portfolios-252160.html |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Second Cabinet reshuffle took place on 2 August 2012 on the backdrop of [https://odishabytes.com/may-29-2012-the-day-that-changed-the-course-of-ruling-bjd-history/ May 29 2012 political coup] against Chief Minister by now expelled senior party leader & [[Rajya Sabha]] member [[Pyarimohan Mohapatra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=5 dropped, 9 new ministers in Odisha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/5-dropped-9-ministers-odisha-2351360 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 2012 |title=Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik makes a major reshuffle of his council of ministers |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/odisha-cm-naveen-patnaik-makes-a-major-reshuffle-of-his-council-of-ministers/articleshow/15334100.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Despite [https://www.lokniti.org/media/upload_files/The_BJPs_2014_Modi_Wave.pdf Modi Wave], BJD had a landslide victory in [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Assembly election]]. Subsequently, Mr. Patnaik gave his resignation to Governor on 20 May 2014.<ref name=":0" />

==Council of Ministers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/2014/pdf/ora-2014.pdf Source]
!Portfolio
!Portrait
!Name {{small|Constituency|List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly}}
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|
* [[Chief Minister of Odisha|'''Chief Minister''']]
* [https://home.odisha.gov.in/ Home]
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ General Administration]
* [https://dowr.odisha.gov.in/ Water Resources]
* [https://works.odisha.gov.in/ Works]
* '''Other departments not allocated to any Minister.'''
| rowspan="5" |[[File:NaveenPatnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="5" |'''[[Naveen Patnaik]]''' {{small|MLA from [[Hinjili (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hinjili]]}}
|21 May 2009
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Forest & Environment]
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
|19 January 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://wcd.odisha.gov.in/ Women & Child Development]
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Commerce and Transport]
|1 June 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Housing & Urban Development]
|4 June 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-
|
* [https://revenue.odisha.gov.in/ Revenue & Disaster Management]
| [[File:Surjya_Narayana_Patro.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Surjya Narayan Patro]] {{small|MLA from [[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]}}
|21 May 2009
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://finance.odisha.gov.in/ Finance]
|[[File:Prafulla_Chandra_Ghadai.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prafulla Chandra Ghadei {{small|MLA from [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Prasanna_Acharya_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prasanna Acharya]] {{small|MLA from [[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |
* [https://excise.odisha.gov.in/ Excise]
|[[File:Prafulla_Chandra_Ghadai.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prafulla Chandra Ghadei {{small|MLA from [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Ananga Udaya Singh Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]] {{small|MLA from [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]}}
|10 May 2011
|10 February 2012<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |date=9 February 2012 |title=Odisha Minister quits, hooch death toll 32 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-minister-quits-hooch-death-toll-32/article2876216.ece |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Prafulla_Chandra_Ghadai.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prafulla Chandra Ghadei {{small|MLA from [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]}}
|4 June 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Niranjan Pujari.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Niranjan Pujari]] {{small|MLA from [[Sonepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://pe.odisha.gov.in/ Public Enterprises]
|[[File:Ananga Udaya Singh Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]] {{small|MLA from [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Prafulla_Chandra_Ghadai.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prafulla Chandra Ghadei {{small|MLA from [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Prasanna_Acharya_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Prasanna Acharya]] {{small|MLA from [[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ Public Grievances & Pension Administration]
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://pc.odisha.gov.in/ Planning & Coordination]
|[[File:Ananga Udaya Singh Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]] {{small|MLA from [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 February 2012<ref name="thehindu"/>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Usha Devi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Usha Devi]] {{small|MLA from [[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]}}
|10 February 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Maheswar Mohanty MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Maheswar Mohanty]] {{small|MLA from [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
|[[File:Damodara Rout.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Damodar Rout]] {{small|MLA from [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Pradeep Maharathy.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pradeep Maharathy]] {{small|MLA from [[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipili]]}}
|10 May 2011
|19 January 2012<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2012 |title=Odisha agriculture minister Pradeep Maharathy resigns on moral grounds |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/odisha-agriculture-minister-pradeep-maharathy-resigns-on-moral-grounds/articleshow/11562496.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Debiprasad Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]] {{small|MLA from [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://fard.odisha.gov.in/ Fisheries & Animal Resources Development]
|[[File:Damodara Rout.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Damodar Rout]] {{small|MLA from [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Debiprasad Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]] {{small|MLA from [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
|[[File:Damodara Rout.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Damodar Rout]] {{small|MLA from [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Prafulla_Samal_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Bikram Keshari Arukha.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhanjanagar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhanjanagar]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://industries.odisha.gov.in/ Industries]
|[[File:Raghunath Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
|Raghunath Mohanty {{small|MLA from [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Niranjan Pujari.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Niranjan Pujari]] {{small|MLA from [[Sonepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://steelmines.odisha.gov.in/ Steel & Mines]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Raghunath Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Raghunath Mohanty {{small|MLA from [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Housing & Urban Development]
|2 August 2012
|15 March 2013<ref name="thehindu2">{{Cite news |date=15 March 2013 |title=Odisha Minister quits after daughter-in-law files dowry case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-minister-quits-after-daughterinlaw-files-dowry-case/article4513913.ece |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Debiprasad Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]] {{small|MLA from [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]}}
|15 March 2013
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://it.odisha.gov.in/ Information Technology]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Raghunath Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Raghunath Mohanty {{small|MLA from [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]}}
|2 August 2012
|15 March 2013<ref name="thehindu2"/>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://pa.odisha.gov.in/ Parliamentary Affairs]
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Kalpataru Das.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Kalpataru Das]] {{small|MLA from [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |
* [https://wcd.odisha.gov.in/ Women & Child Development]
|[[File:Pramila Mallik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pramila Mallik]] {{small|MLA from [[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]]}}
|21 May 2009
|7 February 2011<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patnaik |first=Nageshwar |date=5 February 2011 |title=Orissa minister resigns over Rs 700 crore pulses scam |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/orissa-minister-resigns-over-rs-700-crore-pulses-scam/articleshow/7432297.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Prafulla_Samal_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]}}
|7 February 2011
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Anjali Behera.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Anjali Behera]] {{small|MLA from [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]]}}
|10 May 2011
|1 June 2012<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |title=Naveen Patnaik punishes rebel leader, two ministers sacked too |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-punishes-rebel-leader-two-ministers-sacked-too-486143 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Usha Devi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Usha Devi]] {{small|MLA from [[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Forest & Environment]
|[[File:Debiprasad Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]] {{small|MLA from [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Bijayshree_Routray.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijayshree Routray]] {{small|MLA from [[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://labour.odisha.gov.in/ Labour & Employment & State Insurance Portfolios]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://dhe.odisha.gov.in/ Higher Education]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Debiprasad Mishra.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Debi Prasad Mishra|Debiprasad Mishra]] {{small|MLA from [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://culture.odisha.gov.in/ Culture]
* [https://dot.odisha.gov.in/ Tourism]
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Prafulla_Samal_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Maheswar Mohanty MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Maheswar Mohanty]] {{small|MLA from [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://health.odisha.gov.in/ Health & Family Welfare]
|[[File:Prasanna_Acharya_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prasanna Acharya]] {{small|MLA from [[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Damodara Rout.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Damodar Rout]] {{small|MLA from [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://msme.odisha.gov.in/ Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://panchayat.odisha.gov.in/ Panchayati Raj]
| [[File:Prafulla_Samal_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Maheswar Mohanty MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Maheswar Mohanty]] {{small|MLA from [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Kalpataru Das.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Kalpataru Das]] {{small|MLA from [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://inpr.odisha.gov.in/ Information & Public Relations]
| [[File:Prafulla_Samal_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Prafulla Samal]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Surjya_Narayana_Patro.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Surjya Narayan Patro]] {{small|MLA from [[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://stsc.odisha.gov.in/ S.T. & S.C. Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare]
|[[File:Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha]] {{small|MLA from [[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Lal Bihari Himirika.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Lal Bihari Himirika]] {{small|MLA from [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]]}}
|10 May 2011
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Rural Development]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Bikram Keshari Arukha.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhanjanagar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhanjanagar]]}}
|21 May 2009
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://law.odisha.gov.in/ Law]
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Raghunath Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
|Raghunath Mohanty {{small|MLA from [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]}}
|2 August 2012
|15 March 2013<ref name="thehindu2"/>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Maheswar Mohanty MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Maheswar Mohanty]] {{small|MLA from [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]}}
|15 March 2013
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://handloom.odisha.gov.in/ Textiles & Handlooms]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Usha Devi.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Usha Devi]] {{small|MLA from [[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
|10 May 2011
|10 February 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Niranjan Pujari.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Niranjan Pujari]] {{small|MLA from [[Sonepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]}}
|10 February 2012
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food Supplies & Consumer Welfare]
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Ministers of State with Independent Charges'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Commerce and Transport]
| [[File:Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo {{small|MLA from [[Athmallik Assembly constituency|Athmallik]]}}
|21 May 2009
|1 June 2012<ref name="ndtv"/>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Subrat Tarai.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Subrat Tarai]] {{small|MLA from [[Raghunathpali Assembly constituency|Raghunathpali]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://labour.odisha.gov.in/ Labour & Employement]
| [[File:Puspendra Singh Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Puspendra Singh Deo {{small|MLA from [[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharmagarh]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://sme.odisha.gov.in/ School & Mass Education]
| [[File:Pratap Jena.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Pratap Jena]] {{small|MLA from [[Mahanga (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahanga]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Rabi_Narayan_Nanda.jpg|100x100px]]
|Rabi Narayan Nanda {{small|MLA from [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://energy.odisha.gov.in/ Energy]
|[[File:Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak]] {{small|MLA from [[Mahakalapada Assembly constituency|Mahakalapada]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Arun Kumar Sahoo.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] {{small|MLA from [[Nayagarh (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nayagarh]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://inpr.odisha.gov.in/ Information & Public Relations]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://sports.odisha.gov.in/ Sports & Youth Services]
| [[File:Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo {{small|MLA from [[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Badrinarayan Patra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Badri Narayan Patra]] {{small|MLA from [[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[File:Ramesh Chandra Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://dhe.odisha.gov.in/ Higher Education]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Badrinarayan Patra.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Badri Narayan Patra]] {{small|MLA from [[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]}}
|10 May 2011
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Housing & Urban Development]
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Sarada Prashad Nayak.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sarada Prasad Nayak|Sarada Prashad Nayak]] {{small|MLA from [[Rourkela Assembly constituency|Rourkela]]}}
|10 May 2011
|4 June 2012<ref name="thehindu3">{{Cite news |date=4 June 2012 |title=Naveen sacks one more Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/naveen-sacks-one-more-minister/article3490075.ece |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food Supplies & Consumer Welfare]
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://excise.odisha.gov.in/ Excise]
|10 February 2012
|4 June 2012<ref name="thehindu3"/>
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://it.odisha.gov.in/ Information Technology]
| [[File:Ramesh Chandra Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]]}}
|21 May 2009
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Pratap Keshari Deb.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Pratap Keshari Deb]] {{small|MLA from [[Aul Assembly constituency|Aul]]}}
|15 March 2013
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food Supplies & Consumer Welfare]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://sdte.odisha.gov.in/ Employment & Technical Education & Training]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Ramesh Chandra Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://fard.odisha.gov.in/ Fisheries & Animal Resources Development]
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ Public Grievances & Pension Administration]
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://handloom.odisha.gov.in/ Textiles & Handlooms]
|[[File:Anjali Behera.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Anjali Behera]] {{small|MLA from [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[File:Sarojini Hembram Assemply Profile.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Sarojini Hembram]] {{small|MLA from [[Bangriposi Assembly constituency|Bangriposi]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://steelmines.odisha.gov.in/ Steel & Mines]
| [[File:Rajani Kant Singh.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Rajanikant Singh]] {{small|MLA from [[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]}}
|2 August 2012
|20 May 2014
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Ministers of State'''
|-
|
* [https://revenue.odisha.gov.in/ Revenue & Disaster Management]
| [[File:Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo {{small|MLA from [[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]}}
|21 May 2009
|10 May 2011
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://dowr.odisha.gov.in/ Minor Irrigation]
| [[File:Puspendra Singh Deo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Puspendra Singh Deo {{small|MLA from [[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharmagarh]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|
* [https://stsc.odisha.gov.in/ Tribal Welfare]
| [[File:Ramesh Chandra Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]]}}
|10 May 2011
|2 August 2012
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief ministers of Odisha}}

[[Category:2009 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:2014 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2009|Naveen III]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2014|Naveen III]]
[[Category:Odisha ministries|Naveen III]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal]]

Harichand Thakur

2026-04-03T15:14:29Z

MatildaAldrich: creating initial article from scratch

{{Short description|Founder of Matua sect of Hindus}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| native_name = {{nobold|হরিচাঁদ ঠাকুর}}
| name = Harichand Thakur
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{circa|11 March 1812}}
| birth_place = Safaladangagram, [[Gopalganj, Bangladesh|Gopalganj]], [[Faridpur district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1878|03|05|1812|03|11}}
| death_place = [[Faridpur, Bangladesh|Faridpur]]
| other_names =
| known_for = Upliftment of the [[Namasudra]] community (Then known as [[Chandala|Chandal]])
| occupation = Social and religious reformer
| spouse =
| children = [[Guruchand Thakur]]
| relatives = [[Pramatha Ranjan Thakur]] (great-grandson)
| signature =
}}
'''Harichand Thakur''' (11 March 1812 – 5 March 1878), was a social reformer who worked among the [[Untouchability|untouchable]] people of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. He founded the [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua]] sect of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/eye-on-bengal-votes-pm-modi-to-visit-matua-mandir-in-bangladesh/articleshow/81488676.cms |title=Eye on Bengal votes, PM Modi to visit Matua mandir in Bangladesh |work=The Times of India |date=14 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lorea |first=Carola |date=28 February 2020 |title=Religion, Caste, and Displacement: The Matua Community |url=https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-428 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.428 |isbn=978-0-19-027772-7 |access-date=23 October 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Life ==
Harichand Thakur was born into a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] [[Namasudra|Namashudra]] peasant family in 1811 in Safaladanga, a village in [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalgunj]], then part of the Bengal Presidency (now a part of [[Bangladesh]]). He was the son of Jashomanta Thakur (father)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thakur, Harichand - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Thakur,_Harichand |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref> and Annapurna Devi (mother).<ref name=band1>{{cite book |title=Caste, Protest and Identity in Colonial India: The Namasudras of Bengal, 1872–1947 |first=Sekhar |last=Bandyopadhyay |publisher=Curzon |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-70070-626-6 |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omAPFtaweqIC}}</ref><ref name=biswas-kanjilal>{{Cite web |title=New Vaisnavism and Sri Sri Harichand Thaku |url=http://ipublisher.in/File_upload/90570_91364257.pdf |access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> His family, for generations, had belonged to the [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] sect; according to the book "Sri Sri Hari Lilamrita", his ancestors came from [[Rarh region|Rarhdesh]].<ref name="bandyopadhyay">{{cite book |title=Caste, Culture and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal |first=Sekhar |last=Bandyopadhyay |publisher=SAGE |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-76199-849-5 |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2SVIflbyHQC&pg=PA96}}</ref> His grandfather, Manchanram Biswas, was a devout [[Vaishnavite]] known as 'Thakur Manchanram' in the locality.<ref name=band1/> His father Jashomanta inherited the 'Thakur' title, and the family adopted the surname 'Thakur', abandoning their original surname 'Biswas'.<ref name=band1/>

Harichand Thakur was married to Jagat Mata Shanti Mata, and they had two sons. He was evicted from his native village Orakandi through the machinations of the village zamindar and finally he became settled in another village in the same district.<ref name=band1/> He did cultivation and some small trading for his daily living.<ref name=band1/>

He became known in the locality as a very religious person with magical power. Because of that, many people of his community from his own village, as well as surrounding villages, came to him as a disciple. Eventually, he founded the sect of Vaishnavite Hinduism called [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua]].<ref name="bandyopadhyay"/><ref name=band1/> He did not promote asceticism, preaching instead that men could be devoted to God while staying within the family (''Grihete thakiya jar hay bhaboday. Sei je param sadhu janio nishchay'').<ref name=biswas-kanjilal/>

Harichand Thakur died in 1878, in [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]].

==Social and religious reforms==
People started gathering around him because of his religious nature as well as his miraculous power well known in the nearby locality.<ref name=band1/> According to historian Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, one day Thakur "experienced ''atma darshan'' or self-revelation, through which he realized that he was the incarnation of God himself, born in this world to bring salvation to the downtrodden".<ref>{{cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Sekhar |chapter=The Matua Sect and the Namasudras |year=1995 |editor-last=Ray |editor-first=Rajat Kanta |editor-link=Rajat Kanta Ray |title=Mind Body and Society: Life and Mentality in Colonial Bengal |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=163 |isbn=019-563757-7}}</ref> After that he started preaching his own religious realization which is only based on ''Bhakti''. According to his doctrine, all traditional rituals, except devotion to God, faith in mankind, and love for living beings, are meaningless and distortions from the real aim of attaining God.<ref name=band1/> During that time, lower-caste peoples in India were terribly oppressed and marginalized by the upper-caste people (mostly belong to the Vaishnav or Hindu Brahmin religions).<ref name=educ>{{cite journal |title=Historical Development of the Education of the Namasudras |url=http://www.ignited.in/File_upload/90571_44182567.pdf |journal=Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education |volume=13 |issue=2 |date=July 2017 |access-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110041819/http://www.ignited.in/File_upload/90571_44182567.pdf |archive-date=2020-01-10}}</ref><ref name=mondal>{{cite web |title=Problem of Caste and Identity: The Namasudras of Colonial India |url=https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v7i9/ART20191557.pdf |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> These downtrodden people did not have any right in anything. His simple doctrine attracted many adherents from his own marginalized community. However, higher caste Hindus and Vaishnavs distanced themselves from his religion.<ref name=band1/> He organized these downtrodden peoples of his own community under the banner of his new religious doctrine (known as Matua religion) and established [[Matua Mahasangha]].<ref name=akbiswas>{{cite web |title=Bengal's unsung Namasudra movement |date=29 November 2016 |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/11/bengals-unsung-namasudra-movement/ |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> In one sense, he gave the religionless Namashudras a new religion, his own Matua religion and helped them to establish their own right.<ref name="sarkar">{{cite book |title=Between History and Histories: The Making of Silences and Commemorations |editor1-first=Gerald M. |editor1-last=Sider |editor2-first=Gavin A. |editor2-last=Smith |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-80207-883-4 |chapter=Renaissance and Kaliyuga: Time, Myth, and History in Colonial Bengal |first=Sumit |last=Sarkar |page=115 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jje8cSPgTtQC&pg=PA115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Politics of Caste in West Bengal |editor1-first=Uday |editor1-last=Chandra |editor2-first=Geir |editor2-last=Heierstad |editor3-first=Kenneth Bo |editor3-last=Nielsen |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31741-477-3 |chapter=Building Up the Harichand-Guruchand Movement: The Politics of the Matua Mahansgha |first=Praskanva |last=Sinharay |page=152 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qXbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA152}}</ref><ref name=educ/> His followers began to believe that he was gifted with supernatural power and can protect them from the Brahmanical cruel rules and regulations in the society.
<ref name=biswas-mondal>{{Cite web |title=The Role of Sri Sri Hari Chand Thakur and Sri Sri Guru Chand Thakur to the Social Awakening Movement of the Namasudras: An overview |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2007558.pdf |access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> They started considering him as God (''Param Brahma'') Harichand and as an [[avatar]] (incarnation) of [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]]. Thus, he became known as ''Sri Sri Harichand Thakur''.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Politics of Caste in West Bengal |editor1-first=Uday |editor1-last=Chandra |editor2-first=Geir |editor2-last=Heierstad |editor3-first=Kenneth Bo |editor3-last=Nielsen |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31741-477-3 |chapter=Building Up the Harichand-Guruchand Movement: The Politics of the Matua Mahansgha |first=Praskanva |last=Sinharay |page=159 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qXbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Sekhar |chapter=The Matua Sect and the Namasudras |year=1995 |editor-last=Ray |editor-first=Rajat Kanta |editor-link=Rajat Kanta Ray |title=Mind Body and Society: Life and Mentality in Colonial Bengal |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=173 |isbn=019-563757-7 |quote=Harichand, as many of the devotional songs of the sect indicate, was believed to have been the incarnation of Hari [Vishnu] or Krishna.}}</ref> Although he initially attracted followers only from his community, later his religion attracted followers from other caste communities that were marginalised by the upper castes, including the [[Chamar]]s, [[Mali caste|Mali]]s, and [[Teli]]s.<ref name=band1/><ref name="mukherjee">{{cite book |first=Sipra |last=Mukherjee |chapter=Creating Their Own Gods: Literature from the Margins of Bengal |title=Dalit Literatures in India |editor1-first=Joshil K. |editor1-last=Abraham |editor2-first=Judith |editor2-last=Misrahi-Barak |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31740-880-2 |pages=132, 140 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph4-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132}}</ref>

His newly founded ''Matua religion'' is based on only three basic principles - Truth, Love, and Sanity.<ref name=biswas-mondal/> He completely rejected the sermons of earlier Hindu saints which described the household as an illusion and family as the main obstacle on the path of attaining salvation. Earlier Hindu saints discouraged people toward family life by preaching ''One has to leave home to achieve Nirvana (attaining salvation)''. However, he said ''Let karma (work) be our religion''.<ref name=param>{{Cite journal |title=Harichand Thakur's Matua Movement and Dalit Awakening in Bengal |year=2009 |doi=10.1177/0974354520090104 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0974354520090104 |access-date=31 August 2021 |last1=Thakur |first1=Kapil Krishna |journal=Voice of Dalit |volume=2 |pages=37–44 |s2cid=164684840 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> There is no need for leaving home to lead a saintly life. He insisted that one can achieve salvation only through simple love and devotion to God. There is no need for initiation by a guru (''Diksha'') or pilgrimage. One can attain God by chanting ''Haribol'' and praying the God. All other mantras except the name of God and Harinam (''Haribol'') are just meaningless and distortions. He formulated his new Matua religion by combining the work with religion. He said ''haate kam mukhe nam'' (work in the hand and name of the God Hari in mouth).<ref name=param/> He challenged the traditional Hindu belief which described the woman as an illusion (''maya''), the gateway to hell, and the main obstacle on the path of attaining God. However, he insisted on strict sexual discipline and family values for his followers.<ref name=band1/><ref name=biswas-mondal/> According to his religion, all people are equal. He told his followers to treat everyone with the same dignity.<ref name=biswas-kanjilal/><ref name=biswas-mondal/><ref name=motua-religion>{{cite web |title=Twelve Doctrines of Shri Shri Harichand Thakur |url=https://horibol.page.tl/Twelve-Commandments-of-Lord-Harichand-Thakur.htm |access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref>

He gave twelve instructions to his followers. These twelve instructions are: (I) Always speak the truth (II) Treat the woman as your mother-being; Respect the woman (III) Always respect your parents (IV) Treat your neighbors and all earthly living beings with love, pity, and kindness (V) Never discriminate on racial grounds (VI) Bring all the six passions of the mind under your control. These six passions of mind are - Lust, Anger, Greed, Infatuation, Pride, and Jealousy. (VII) Remain liberal to all other religions and creeds (VIII) Become honest in mind and activities and avoid saintly dress to adorn yourself with (IX) Perform your duties devotedly and utter the sacred ''Haribol'' and pray to God simultaneously (X) Build a temple of pure thoughts in your heart and soul and a temple of Shree Hariparameshwar at your dwelling place (XI) Pray daily to God with devotion and sanctity (XII) Sacrifice yourself to the cause of God.<ref name=motua-religion/><ref name=biswas-mondal/>

== Legacy ==
After his death, one of his sons, [[Guruchand Thakur]], himself a [[Chandala]] or [[avarna]] (born 1846), worked with C. S. Mead in a campaign to have the Chandala people [[sanskritisation|recategorised as Namasudra]]. He established number of schools in his locality for the education of [[Dalit]] community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orakandi's pilgrim Prime Minister of India: Look London see Paris? {{!}} AK (...) - Mainstream |url=http://mainstreamweekly.net/article10626.html |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Namasudra Movements In Bengal (1872-1947) |first=Ratan Kumar |last=Biswas |publisher=Progressive Book Forum |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-88006-19-9 |pages=158–160}}</ref> According to Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, it was under the leadership of Guruchand that the Matua sect "achieved its doctrinal cohesion and organisational push, as it came to be associated with the Namasudra social protest movement started in 1872".<ref name="bandyopadhyay"/>

A considerable body of [[Dalit literature]] that mixes religious and secular themes has emerged around [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] and [[Matua (priest)|Matua]]. This includes biographies, promotions of the teachings and interpretations of the relationship to later events, such as the thoughts of [[B. R. Ambedkar]] and comparisons with the situation of black people in the US.<ref name="mukherjee"/>

== See also ==
* [[Guruchand Thakur]]
* [[Pramatha Ranjan Thakur]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* Hitesh Ranjan Sanyal : Social Mobility in Bengal, Calcutta, 1985, {{OCLC|654280803}}
{{refend}}
* {{cite journal |last=Mandal |first=Mahitosh |date=2022 |title=Dalit Resistance during the Bengal Renaissance: Five Anti-Caste Thinkers from Colonial Bengal, India |journal=Caste: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=11–30 |doi=10.26812/caste.v3i1.367 |s2cid=249027627 |url=https://journals.library.brandeis.edu/index.php/caste/article/view/367/96 |doi-access=free}}

== External links ==
* {{Banglapedia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Harichand}}
[[Category:1810s births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:People from Gopalganj District, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Matua people]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]

Great Bengal famine of 1770

2026-03-28T10:49:21Z

MatildaAldrich: small changes

{{short description|Famine affecting lower regions of India in 1770}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox famine
|name=Great Bengal famine of 1770|causes= Crop failure and drought
| image =IGI1908India1765a.jpg
| caption = India in 1765, showing the major towns in Bengal and the years in which they had been annexed by the British
| country = [[Company rule in India|British India (Company Rule)]]
| location = [[Bengal]]
| coordinates = 
| period = 1769–1770
| excess_mortality=
| from_disease =
| total_deaths = 1–10 million<ref name="Dyson2018"/><ref name="Irschick2018"/>
| theory =
| relief = Attempts to stop exportation and hoarding or monopolising grain; 15,000 expended in importation of grains.
| food_situation = 
| demographics = Population of Bengal declined by around a third
| consequences = East India Company took over full administration of Bengal
| memorial = 
| succeeded =
}}
The '''Great Bengal famine of 1770''' struck [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]] between 1769 and 1770 and affected some 30 million people, which was about ⅓ of the current population of the area.{{Sfn|Visaria|Visaria|1983|p=528}} It occurred during a period of dual governance in Bengal. This existed after the [[East India Company]] had been granted the ''diwani'', or the right to collect revenue, in [[Bengal]] by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] in [[Delhi]],{{Sfn|Brown|1994|p=46}}{{Sfn|Peers|2006|p=30}} but before it had wrested the ''nizamat'', or control of civil administration, which continued to lie with the [[Mughal Governor|Mughal governor]], the [[Nawab of Bengal]] Nazm ud Daula (1765–72).{{Sfn|Metcalf|Metcalf|2006|p=56}}

[[Crop failure]] in autumn 1768 and summer 1769 and an accompanying smallpox epidemic were thought to be the manifest reasons for the famine.{{Sfn|Bhattacharya|Chaudhuri|1983|p=299}}{{Sfn|Visaria|Visaria|1983|p=528}}<ref name="Roy2019">{{citation|last=Roy|first=Tirthankar|title=How British Rule Changed India's Economy: The Paradox of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBWZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|year=2019|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-17708-9|pages=117–|quote=The 1769-1770 famine in Bengal followed two years of erratic rainfall worsened by a smallpox epidemic.}}</ref><ref name="McLane2002-lead-1">{{citation|last=McLane|first=John R.|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&pg=PA195|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8|pages=195–|quote=Although the rains were lighter than normal in late 1768, the tragedy for many families in eastern Bihar, north-western and central Bengal, and the normally drier sections of far-western Bengal began when the summer rains of 1769 failed entirely through much of that area. The result was that the aman crop, which is harvested in November, December, and January, and provided roughly 70 percent of Bengal's rice, was negligible. Rains in February 1770 induced many cultivators to plough but the following dry spell withered the crops. The monsoon of June 1770 was good. However, by this time food supplies had long been exhausted and heavy mortality continued at least until the aus harvest in September.}}</ref> The East India Company had [[Tax farming|farmed out]] tax collection on account of a shortage of trained administrators, and the prevailing uncertainty may have worsened the famine's impact.{{sfn|Roy|2021|pp=88–|ps=: "The state mishandled the famine. No state in these times had the infrastructure or the access to information needed to deal with a natural disaster on such a scale. On top of that problem, this was not a normal state. The Company was in charge of taxation, whereas the Nawab looked after governance. The two partners did not trust one another."}} Other factors adding to the pressure were: grain merchants ceased offering grain advances to [[peasant]]s, but the market mechanism for exporting the merchants' grain to other regions remained in place; the East India Company purchased a large portion of rice for its army; and the Company's private servants and their Indian [[Gomastha]]s created local [[Monopoly|monopolies]] of grain.{{Sfn|Bhattacharya|Chaudhuri|1983|p=299}} By the end of 1769 rice prices had risen two-fold, and in 1770 they rose a further three-fold.<ref>{{harvnb|Roy|2021|pp=87–}} "Towards the end of 1769, rice prices had doubled over the previous year, and in 1770, prices were on average six times what they had been in 1768."</ref> In Bihar, the continual passage of armies in the already drought-stricken countryside worsened the conditions.<ref>{{harvnb|Roy|2021|pp=87–}}: "The 1770 famine owed to a combination of harvest failures and the diversion of food for the troops. Western Bengal and drier regions suffered more. Recovery was quicker in the more water-rich eastern Bengal delta. In the winter of 1768, rains were scantier than usual in Bengal. The monsoon of 1769 started well but stopped abruptly and so thoroughly that the main autumn rice crop was scorched. The winter rains failed again. In the Bihar countryside, the repeated passage of armies through villages already short of food worsened the effects of harvest failure."</ref> The East India Company provided little mitigation through direct relief efforts;{{Sfn|Peers|2006|p=47}} nor did it reduce taxes, though its options to do so may have been limited.<ref name="Roy2021-lead-6">{{harvnb|Roy|2021|pp=88–}}: "The situation meant that those who had the money did not have local intelligence. The standard custom was a tax holiday for the secondary landlord, expecting the benefit would be passed on to the primary landlord and onwards to the affected peasants. However, the Company neither knew nor commanded the secondary landlords' loyalty and distrusted the Nawab's officers' information on what was going on. Consequently, there was resistance to using this option, yet no other instruments were available to the Company to deal with the famine."</ref>

By the summer of 1770, people were dying everywhere. Although the monsoon immediately after did bring plentiful rains, it also brought diseases to which many among the enfeebled fell victim. For several years thereafter piracy increased on the [[Hooghly river]] delta. Deserted and overgrown villages were a common sight.<ref name="Roy2021-lead-4">{{harvnb|Roy|2021|pp==87–88}} "Through the summer months of 1770, death was everywhere. The rains were heavy in the monsoon of 1770, but that brought little cheer among survivors. Emaciated and without shelter from the rains, roving groups and families fell victim to the infections common during and after the rains. Large areas depopulated due to death, disease, and desertion. For several years after the famine, deserted villages, and villages engulfed in forests, were a common sight, and piracy and robbery in the Hooghly river delta became more frequent."</ref><ref name="Marshall2006-lead-1">{{citation|last=Marshall|first=P. J.|authorlink=P. J. Marshall|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02822-6|page=18|quote=In 1769 the rains failed over most of Bihar and Bengal. By the early months of 1770 mortality in western Bengal was very high. People died of starvation or in a debilitated state were mowed down by diseases which spread especially where the starving congregated to be fed.}}</ref> Depopulation, however, was uneven, affecting north Bengal and Bihar severely, central Bengal moderately, and eastern only slightly.<ref name="Irschick2018-lead-1">{{citation|last=Irschick|first=Eugene F.|author-link=Eugene F. Irschick|title=A History of the New India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqiaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|year=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-43617-1|pages=73–|quote=Our evidence, however, indicates that depopulation was most severe in north Bengal and in Bihar, moderately severe in central Bengal, and slight in southwest and eastern Bengal.}}</ref> The recovery was also quicker in the well-watered Bengal delta in the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Roy|2021|pp=87–}}: "Recovery was quicker in the more water-rich eastern Bengal delta."</ref>

Between seven and ten million people—or between a quarter and third of the [[Bengal presidency|presidency]]'s population—were thought to have died.{{Sfn|Peers|2006|p=47}}{{Sfn|Metcalf|Metcalf|2006|p=78}}{{Sfn|Bhattacharya|Chaudhuri|1983|p=299}}{{Sfn|Visaria|Visaria|1983|p=528}}<ref name="GroveAdamson2017-lead-1">{{citation|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|last2=Adamson|first2=George|title=El Niño in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLJCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|year=2017|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-45740-0|pages=81–|quote=it is not until 1776 that we start to have access to long runs of instrumental data for El Niño events in South Asia. Just prior to this, in 1766–1771, India, and particularly north-eastern India, experienced droughts that led to a mortality of up to 10 million people. Partial crop failure in Bengal and Bihar was experienced in 1768, while by September 1769 'the fields of rice [became] like fields of dried straw'. In Purnia, in Bihar, the district supervisor estimated that the famine of 1770 killed half the population of the district; many of the surviving peasants migrated to Nepal (where the state was less confiscatory than the East India Company). More than a third of the entire population of Bengal died between 1769 and 1770, while the loss in cultivation was estimated as 'closer to one-half'. Charles Blair, writing in 1874, estimated that the episode affected up to 30 million people in a 130,000 square mile region of the Indo-Gangetic plain and killed up to 10 million, perhaps the most serious economic blow to any region of India since the events of 1628–1631 in Gujarat.}}</ref><ref name="DamodaranWinterbottom2014">{{citation|last=Damodaran|first=Vinita |editor=V. Damodaran |editor2=A. Winterbottom |editor3=A. Lester |title=The East India Company and the Natural World|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=080aBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|year=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-42727-4|pages=80–101, 89|chapter=The East India Company, Famine and Ecological Conditions in Eighteenth-Century Bengal|quote=Before the end of May 1770, one third of the population was calculated to have disappeared, in June the deaths were returned as six out of sixteen of the whole population, and it was estimated that 'one half of the cultivators and payers of revenue will perish with hunger'. During the rains (July–October) the depopulation became so evident that the government wrote to the court of directors in alarm about the number of 'industrious peasants and manufacturers destroyed by the famine'. It was not till cultivation commenced for the following year 1771 that the practical consequences began to be felt. It was then discovered that the remnant of the population would not suffice to till the land. The areas affected by the famine continued to fall and were put out of tillage. Warren Hastings' account, written in 1772, also stated the loss as one third of the inhabitants and this figure has often been cited by subsequent historians. The failure of a single crop, following a year of scarcity, had wiped out an estimated 10 million human beings according to some accounts. The monsoon was on time in the next few years but the economy of Bengal had been drastically transformed, as the records of the next thirty years attest.}}</ref><ref name="Sen1983">{{citation|last=Sen|first=Amartya|authorlink=Amartya Sen|title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzU_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|year=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-103743-6|pages=39–|quote=Starvation is a normal feature in many parts of the world, but this phenomenon of 'regular' starvation has to be distinguished from violent outbursts of famines. It isn't just regular starvation that one sees ... in 1770 in India, when the best estimates point to ten million deaths.}}</ref> The loss to cultivation was estimated to be a third of the total cultivation.{{Sfn|Bhattacharya|Chaudhuri|1983|pp=299–300}}<ref name="Marshall2006-lead-2">{{citation|last=Marshall|first=P. J.|authorlink=P. J. Marshall|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02822-6|page=18|quote=The proportion of the population who perished can never be known. One-third of the inhabitants of Bengal were sometimes said to have died. Other conjectures were one-fifth.}}</ref> Some scholars consider these numbers to be exaggerated in large part because reliable demographic information had been lacking in 1770. They estimate lower at at least 1 million deaths.<ref name="Dyson2018">{{harvnb|Dyson|2018|pp=80–81}}: "However, in assessing the likely scale of the mortality ... there were no demographic data for any significant part of Bengal. Indeed, many Company administrators seldom ventured from Calcutta. The few local reports on famine deaths were for small and unrepresentative populations. Also, as we noted in Chapter 4, cultivators could be very mobile, and they often abandoned their villages at times of famine. Much of any 'depopulation' was undoubtedly caused by out-migration. In addition, birth rates tend to fall during famines, and this too would have reduced the population ... To sum up, the 1769–70 famine was certainly exceptional in terms of Bengal's experience during the eighteenth century (although crop losses from a cyclone and a shift in a river course also contributed to many famine deaths in 1787–88). It is very unlikely, however, that the 1769–70 crisis involved the deaths of 10 million people. Indeed, on Datta's assessment, even a figure of 5 million may well lie outside the plausible range. However, famine mortality and large-scale out-migration did cause significant depopulation in large parts of Bengal—from which it evidently took several years to recover. As late as 1773, Company officials regarded the revival of the province's economy as requiring substantial return-migration from adjacent territories—including the, then, independent state of Awadh."</ref><ref name="Irschick2018">{{citation|last=Irschick|first=Eugene F.|author-link=Eugene F. Irschick|title=A History of the New India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqiaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|year=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-43617-1|pages=73–|quote= In addition, deaths among the cultivating population were much lower than previous figures, which suggested a loss of one third of the population. Famine mortality in the Burdwan zamindari in central Bengal was not severe and agriculturists who left came back or were replaced.}}</ref> Even so, the famine devastated traditional ways of life in the affected regions.<ref name="Roy2013">{{citation|last=Roy|first=Tirthankar|author-link=Tirthankar Roy|title=An Economic History of Early Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3dQcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-04787-0|pages=60–|quote=The devastation that this episode caused, even if we discount the exaggerated mortality figures produced by contemporaries, owed not so much to the scale of one harvest failure as repeated harvest failures over a succession of seasons. The crop failed over four consecutive harvest seasons in 1769 and 1770. As it became clear in the subsequent history of Indian famines, sustained shortages caused disproportionately large damage to life. It threw traditional modes of insurance out of gear because of depletion of stocks and seeds. It increased vulnerability to epidemic disease because of acute malnutrition.}}</ref><ref name="Marshall2006-lead-3">{{citation|last=Marshall|first=P. J.|authorlink=P. J. Marshall|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02822-6|page=18|quote= What seems to be certain is that the core areas of western and central Bengal were devastated: these included the districts of Murshidabad, Rajshahi, Birbhum, Hooghly, Nadia and parts of Burdwan.}}</ref> It proved disastrous to the mulberries and cotton grown in Bengal; as a result, a large proportion of the dead were spinners and weavers who had no reserves of food.<ref name="Mukherjee2019-lead-1">{{citation|last=Datta|first=Rajat|editor=Ayesha Mukherjee|title=A Cultural History of Famine: Food Security and the Environment in India and Britain|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmYPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|year=2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-31651-2|pages=48–|chapter=Subsistence crises and economic history: A study of eighteenth-century Bengal|quote=One of the most harvest- and price-sensitive social groups in rural Bengal was the textile producer. Famine and dearth impacted upon them by hitting directly at their access to markets for their consumption requirements. The evidence from Malda and Purnea suggests that between half and one-third of those who died in the famine were spinners and weavers. The disruption caused by the drought to mulberries and cotton in 1769 and 1770 meant that those who reared silk-worms (chassars) and those who grew cotton (kappas) in these places were immediately affected. The cultivation of mulberries was an expensive enterprise: “under the most favourable circumstance mulberry will cost the Husbandman five or six, and often from ten to fifteen rupees per bigha”, whereas the cultivation cost of rice was “not above one, two or at best three rupees a bigha” (WBSA, CCRM, vol. 6, 19 November 1771). This meant that once peasants entered this sector their survival depended on conducive precipitation and favourable food prices. The situation in 1769–70 was precisely the opposite on both counts, and therefore proved disastrous for such producers. There was an “incredible mortality” among the chassars of Rajshahi during the famine (ibid.: vol. 6, 11 November 1771). This was for two reasons. First, the high costs involved in the culture of silk-cocoons meant that the chassars had no reserves to buy food at famine-point prices. Second, the chassars belonged to “only two casts [sic] of the Gentoos [Hindus]” who followed this vocation as a specialized occupation (ibid.). (ibid.). For these reasons, they were perhaps the most harvest-sensitive of all the affected social strata and, not having enough food reserves to fall back upon, they died in large numbers.}}</ref><ref name="Marshall2006-lead-4">{{citation|last=Marshall|first=P. J.|authorlink=P. J. Marshall|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02822-6|page=18|quote= One indication of the scale of mortality in the worst areas is an estimate that one-third of those who raised silk worms in the famous silk area around Murshidabad were dead. The low-lying delta areas, even in the west, suffered rather less. Everywhere the most vulnerable seem to have been 'the workmen, manufacturers and people employed in the river, who were without the same means of laying by stores of grain as the husbandmen'.}}</ref> The famine hastened the end of dual governance in Bengal, the Company becoming the sole administrator soon after.<ref name="GroveAdamson2017-lead-2">{{citation|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|last2=Adamson|first2=George|title=El Niño in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLJCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|year=2017|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-45740-0|pages=82–|quote=The 1768-1770 droughts and famines were a profound blow not only to the system of revenue but to the whole rationale of empire. As such they provided the impetus for the evolution of a famine policy. The immediate devastating circumstances formed part of the impetus for the removal of the 'dual system' of rule in Bengal, whereby the British East India Company had governed together with the Nawab of Bengal. This placed responsibility for the security, administration and economy of Bengal squarely on the Company's shoulders. In removing the dual system, the administrative overhaul of Bengal paved the way for the establishment of the British-run, district-level administration which would continue throughout British rule in India.}}</ref> Its cultural impact was felt long afterwards, becoming the subject a century later of [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]'s influential novel ''[[Anandamath]]''.{{Sfn|Peers|2006|p=47}}{{Sfn|Metcalf|Metcalf|2006|p=78}}

==Name and geography==
The Bengali name {{lang|bn-Latn|Chiẏāttōrēr mônbôntôr}} ({{lit|Famine of '76}}) is derived from [[Bengali calendar]] year 1176 and the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] word meaning famine.

The regions in which the famine occurred affected the modern [[States and territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] in particular, but the famine also extended into [[Orissa]] and [[Jharkhand]] as well as modern [[Bangladesh]]. Among the worst affected areas were Central and Northern Bengal, and [[Tirhut]], [[Champaran]] and [[Bettiah]] in Bihar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Rajat|title=Society, economy, and the market : commercialization in rural Bengal, c. 1760-1800|date=2000|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn=81-7304-341-8|location=New Delhi|pages=249|oclc=44927255}}</ref> South-East and South Central Bengal escaped unscathed — it had an excess production in the famine years.<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
[[File:Shah 'Alam conveying the grant of the Diwani to Lord Clive.jpg|right|thumb|The Mughal emperor Shah Alam hands a scroll to Robert Clive, the governor of Bengal, which transferred tax collecting rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company, August 1765. Oil on canvas, [[Benjamin West]], 1818.]]
The famine occurred in [[Bengal]], then ruled by the [[East India Company]]. [[Company rule in India|Their territory]] included modern [[Bangladesh]], and parts of other Indian states.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=The Great Bengal Famine of 1770: When Taxes Created a Genocide |url=https://bitterwinter.org/great-bengal-famine-1770-taxes-created-a-genocide/ |access-date=2025-09-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was earlier a province of the [[Mughal empire]] from the 16th century and was ruled by a ''[[nawab]]'', or governor. {{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

In the 17th century, the [[East India Company|English East India Company]] was granted the town of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] by the Mughal Prince [[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Shah Shuja]]. During the following century, the company obtained sole trading rights for the province and became the dominant power in Bengal. In 1757, at the [[Battle of Plassey]], the East India Company defeated the nawab [[Siraj Ud Daulah]], annexing large portions of Bengal afterwards. In 1764 their military control was reaffirmed at [[Battle of Buxar|Buxar]]. The subsequent treaty gave them [[Dewan#Indian subcontinent|taxation rights]], known as dewan; the East India Company thereby became the ''[[de facto]]'' ruler of Bengal.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} In addition to profits from trade, the Company had been granted rights of taxation in 1764 and within a few years, had raised land revenue collections by about 30%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Rajat|title=Society, economy, and the market : commercialization in rural Bengal, c. 1760-1800|date=2000|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn=81-7304-341-8|location=New Delhi|pages=333–340|oclc=44927255}}</ref>

== Pre-famine distress ==
The famine came in the backdrop of a multitude of [[Subsistence crisis|subsistence crises]] that had affected Bengal since the early eighteenth century.{{Sfn|Dutta|2019|p=}}

A failure of monsoon in Bengal and Bihar had led to partial shortfall of produce in 1768; market prices were higher than usual in early 1769.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} With usual rains in 1769, the situation eased for a while and grains were even exported to [[Madras Presidency]].{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} By late September, the situation was again bleak with drought-like-conditions on the horizon.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

== Famine and policies ==
[[File:Scarcity in India RMG PZ4974 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Print by [[Henry Singleton (painter)|Henry Singleton]] and [[Charles Knight (engraver)|Charles Knight]] entitled ''Scarcity in India'', 1794, depicting two sailors bargaining with an Indian woman, offering a mirror and a watch in exchange for fruit]]
On 18 September 1769, [[Naib Nazim of Dhaka]] Mohammed Reza Khan informed [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]], President of the Council at Fort William about the "dryness of the season".{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=217}} The same month, John Cartier, Esquire (and Second-in-Command) of the Council chose to inform the Court of Directors in London about impending famine-like conditions in Bengal — a century later, [[W. W. Hunter]] would note this letter to be the "only serious intimation" about the approaching famine, and find the absence of President Verelst's affirmation to be striking.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} Other letters sent in the same month to the Board speculate about potential loss in revenue collection but do not discuss the famine.{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}}{{efn|In December, Verelst retired from the Council without noting anything about a famine, which was already in process.{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} Cartier was handed over the charges.{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}}}}

On 23 October, Becher had reported to the Council about "great dearth and scarcity" of food grains at Murshidabad.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=217}} This prodded the council to purchase 120,000 [[maund (unit)|maund]]s of rice for its army, as an emergency measure.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=217}} Charles Grant, Betcher's agent noted that the first sign of the famine was already visible in northern districts of Bengal by November.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=218}} By late December, food prices had spiked sharply and the western districts of Bengal along with Bihar were also in a precarious condition.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=217}}

On 7 December, Reza Khan and Shitab Rai proposed to the Council that they enforce a humane grain collection scheme for the upcoming fiscal year, in proportion to the individual produce of peasants.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|pp=217–218}} The proposal was not replied to;{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=218}} [[W. W. Hunter]] would later accuse that these people often had their incentives to dramatize general distress.{{citation needed|date=February 2026}} On 25 January 1770, Cartier proposed to the Board that land taxes be remitted by about seven percent in afflicted areas on grounds of widespread suffering.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} Ten days later, Cartier reversed his stance noting that the revenues kept on being paid despite significant distress.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}} On 28 February, the Council proposed that husbandmen who failed to pay the taxes be treated with leniency due to overbearing conditions of a poor harvest.{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} Overall, no relief plan was yet designed by February.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=219}} Despite initial hopes of a reversal in fortunes, there were no rains and the spring harvest was scanty; acting upon the advice of Reza Khan, the Council chose to increase taxes by 10% to meet revenue targets.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}}{{Sfn|Khan|1969|pp=219–220}} Grain prices had kept rising across the year.{{citation needed|date=February 2026}}

By middle of May, the distress had exploded into a full-blown famine marked with mass-starvation, [[Begging|beggary]], and [[death]].<ref name="Grada">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Rajat |year=2000 |title=Society, economy, and the market: Commercialization in rural Bengal, c. 1760-1800 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |pages=257–259 |isbn=8173043418}}</ref>{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1871|p=20}} The prices of food would skyrocket, as the province ran out of money to pay for the scarce produces and trade effectively ceased.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}} Khan noted that lakhs of people were dying daily, fires were widespread, and the tanks had not a drop of water.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=219}} These conditions would continue for about three months.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

=== Mitigation ===
[[File:Golghar ४.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Golghar]] granary at Bankipur, near Patna in Bihar. Built by Captain John Garstin in 1786 after several famines in the region in the previous two decades, the granary was found to be unsuitable for its purpose and was seldom used. It is a popular tourist destination.<ref name="Morris2005">{{citation|last=Morris|first=Jan|title=Stones of Empire: The Buildings of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zD1Ugfq9KwC&pg=PA120|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280596-6|pages=120–}}</ref>]]
The Company provided little meaningful mitigation — there was no reduction in taxation or any significant relief effort.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}}

In October 1769, the Company requested that storehouses be constructed in Patna and Murshidabad; city officials were instructed to prevent monopoly of trade and have farmers raise "every sort" of dry grain, that was possible. The orders were largely unsuccessful; many Company officials along with their Indian assistants ([[Gomastha]]s) would exploit the famine to create grain-monopolies.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

On 13 February, Khan and Becher proposed that six rice-distribution centers be opened in [[Murshidabad]] to provide half a seer of rice a day per head.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=219}} The proposal was approved and the Council borne about 46% of the expenditure, the remaining sum were paid by Nawab Najabat Ali, Khan himself, [[Rai Durlabh]], and [[Jagat Seth]].{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=219}} One distribution center was opened by Reza Khan at his palace of Nishat Bagh.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=221}} The Murshidabad model was later emulated in Calcutta and Burdwan to feed about 3000 men every day — at a daily expenditure of about 75 rupees — since early April.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=220}} Rice were also charitably distributed at Purnea, Bhagalpur, Birbhum, Hugli and Jesore.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=220}} Overall, about 4000 pounds of rice was arranged by the Company over six months.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

Those in the employment of Company and Nizamat were especially favored.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=221}} Becher obtained a total of 55,449 maunds of rice from Barisal, which was dispatched for Company troops and their dependents across Bengal.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=221}}{{Efn|A net profit of 67, 595 Rupees was incurred. This was adjusted toward net distribution costs.}}

Districts which exceeded a death-toll of twenty thousand per month were granted packages of 150 Rupees.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}} Export-import embargoes were set up to check prices but they only contributed to worsening the situation — the province had no money to pay for the scarce produces and trade effectively ceased.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

=== Death, migration, and depopulation ===

==== Contemporary estimates ====
In May 1770, the Court of Directors estimated that about one-third of the population (approx. ten million) had perished.{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}} The estimates were then revised by Becher on 2 June to about three in every eight people.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}} On 12 July, Becher claimed that 500 people were dying in Murshidabad every day and the condition was far worse in the rural hinterlands; [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]] was apparently on exhibition.{{Sfn|Khan|1969|p=220}}

Malaria and cholera remained additional factors.{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}} A smallpox epidemic that coincided with the start of the pandemic was particularly severe and included [[Najabat Ali Khan|Nawab Najabat Ali Khan]] of Murshidabad among the victims.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}}

==== Modern scholarship ====
These figures have been uncritically reproduced by most modern scholars.{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}} Rajat Dutta, in a revisionist history of the economy of Bengal Province, claimed these figures to be "inflated" and carry "little conviction"; a revised toll of 1.2 million dead (~ 4-5% of the population) was put forward.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Rajat|title=Society, economy, and the market : commercialization in rural Bengal, c. 1760-1800|date=2000|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn=81-7304-341-8|location=New Delhi|pages=262, 266|oclc=44927255}}</ref> [[Tim Dyson]] supports Dutta's claims of inflation, and notes the "popular" figure of ten million, indicative of at-least a 500% increase in annual death rate, to be "barely credible".{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}} However, Dyson refrains from making any specific estimate.{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}} Highlighted are the facts that contemporary Bengal lacked any significant demographic data outside [[Calcutta]], the few reliable reports on effects of the famine were based on unrepresentative populations, and many cultivators were mobile settlers who simply migrated to better-off territories.{{Sfn|Dyson|2018|p=}}

== Aftermath ==
The 1770 monsoons brought some marginal relief, and a perspective on the rampant depopulation — a letter by the Council regretted the wiping out of numerous "industrious peasants and manufacturers".{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}} The following year, as the drought receded, most of the land lacked tillers.{{Sfn|Damodaran|2015|p=87}}

== Legacy ==
The economic and cultural impact of the famine was felt long afterwards, becoming the subject a century later of [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]'s novel ''[[Anandamath]]''.{{Sfn|Peers|2006|p=47}}{{Sfn|Metcalf|Metcalf|2006|p=78}}

== See also ==
* [[Famine in India]]
* [[Timeline of major famines in India prior to 1765]]
* [[Timeline of major famines in India during British rule]]
* [[Bengal famine of 1943]]
* [[Deccan famine of 1630–1632]]

==Footnotes==
{{Notelist}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{citation|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=S.|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=B.|editor=Dharma Kumar|title=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, C.1757-c.1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ew8AAAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22802-2|pages=270–331|chapter=Regional Economy (1757–1857): Eastern India|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521228022.008 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022.008|url-access=subscription}}
* {{citation
|title=Revenue and Reform: The Indian Problem in British Politics 1757–1773
|last=Bowen
|first=H.V
|isbn=978-0-521-89081-6
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JThm_6SxG9kC
|year=2002
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
}}
* {{citation
|last=Brown|first=Judith Margaret|title=Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq7tAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-873112-2}}
* Kumkum Chatterjee, ''Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar: 1733–1820'', [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], 1996, {{ISBN|90-04-10303-1}}
* Sushil Chaudhury, ''From Prosperity to Decline: Eighteenth Century Bengal'', Manohar Publishers and Distributors, 1999, {{ISBN|978-81-7304-297-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=William Wilson|author-link=William Wilson Hunter|year=1871|title=The Annals of Rural Bengal|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4511733&view=1up&seq=40|edition=Fourth|location=London|publisher= Smith, Elder, and Co.}}
*{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Abdul Majed|author-link=Abdul Majed Khan|title=The Transition in Bengal, 1756–1775: A Study of Saiyid Muhammad Reza Khan|url=https://archive.org/embed/transitioninbeng0000unse|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-04982-5|series=Cambridge South Asian Studies}}
* John R. McLane, ''Land and Local Kingship in 18th century Bengal'', [[Cambridge University Press]], {{ISBN|0-521-52654-X}}
* {{citation
|last1=Metcalf|first1=Barbara Daly|author-link1=Barbara D. Metcalf|last2=Metcalf|first2=Thomas R.|author-link2=Thomas R. Metcalf|title=A concise history of modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuESgYNYPl0C|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86362-9}}
* {{citation
|last=Peers|first=Douglas M.|title=India under colonial rule: 1700–1885|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iNuAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=978-0-582-31738-3}}
*{{citation|last1=Visaria|first1=Leela|last2=Visaria|first2=Praveen|editor=Dharma Kumar|title=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, C.1757-c.1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ew8AAAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22802-2|pages=463–522|chapter=Population (1757–1947)}}
*{{Citation|last=Damodaran|first=Vinita|chapter=The East India Company, Famine and Ecological Conditions in Eighteenth-Century Bengal|date=2015|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137427274_5|title=The East India Company and the Natural World|pages=80–101|editor-last=Damodaran|editor-first=Vinita|series=Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137427274_5|isbn=978-1-137-42727-4|access-date=2021-07-30|editor2-last=Winterbottom|editor2-first=Anna|editor3-last=Lester|editor3-first=Alan|url-access=subscription}}
*{{Cite book|last=Dyson|first=Tim|chapter=Mughal Decline to Early British Rule|chapter-url=https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198829058.001.0001/oso-9780198829058-chapter-5|title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day|date=2018-09-27|volume=1 |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198829058.003.0005 |isbn=978-0-19-882905-8|language=en}}
*{{Cite book|last=Johns|first=Alessa|title=Dreadful Visitations: Confronting Natural Catastrophe in the Age of Enlightenment|chapter=Hunger in the Garden of Plenty: The Bengal Famine of 1770|publisher=Routledge|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315022789-12/hunger-garden-plenty-bengal-famine-1770-alessa-johns|language=en|year=1999|doi=10.4324/9781315022789|isbn=9781136683893|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719202730/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315022789-12/hunger-garden-plenty-bengal-famine-1770-alessa-johns|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite book|title=A Cultural History of Famine: Food Security and the Environment in India and Britain|last=Dutta|first=Rajat|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315316529-3/subsistence-crises-economic-history-rajat-datta|chapter=Subsistence crises and economic history : A study of eighteenth-century Bengal|date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315316529-3 |isbn=978-1-315-31652-9|s2cid=159367089 |language=en}}
* {{citation|last=Roy|first=Tirthankar|author-link=Tirthankar Roy|title=An Economic History of India 1707–1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGA4EAAAQBAJ|date=10 September 2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-00-043607-5}}

==External links==
* [http://www.swaraj.org/shikshantar/resources_dharampal.html Section VII] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711165115/http://www.swaraj.org/shikshantar/resources_dharampal.html |date=11 July 2010 }} from Dharampal, ''India Before British Rule and the Basis for India's Resurgence'', 1998.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205020541/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/f/fiske/john/f54u/chapter9.html Chapter IX. The famine of 1770 in Bengal] in John Fiske, ''The Unseen World, and other essays''
* R.C. Dutt, [http://socserv2.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/dutt/index.html The Economic History of India.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719063530/http://socserv2.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/dutt/index.html |date=19 July 2017 }}

{{West Bengal}}
{{Famine in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengal Famine Of 1770}}
[[Category:Famines in British India]]
[[Category:Famines in India]]
[[Category:Famines in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Disasters in Bihar]]
[[Category:1769 in India]]
[[Category:1770 in India]]
[[Category:1771 in India]]
[[Category:1772 in India]]
[[Category:1773 in India]]
[[Category:18th-century health disasters]]
[[Category:18th-century famines]]
[[Category:18th-century disasters in India]]
[[Category:1769 disasters]]
[[Category:1770 disasters]]
[[Category:18th-century droughts]]

Sunil Chhetri

2026-03-27T04:03:38Z

MatildaAldrich: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian professional footballer (born 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Sunil Chhetri
| fullname = Sunil Chhetri
| image = File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, 2021 to Shri Sunil Chhetri for Football, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 13 November 2021 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Chhetri in 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|8|3|df=y}}<ref name=SWProfile>{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/sunil-chhetri/64395/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910121819/http://int.soccerway.com/players/sunil-chhetri/64395/|archive-date=10 September 2013}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Secunderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]), India<ref name="SWProfile"/>
| height = 1.70 m<ref name="SWProfile"/>
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| clubnumber = 11
| youthclubs1 = City Club Delhi<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2002.html|title=Season ending Transfers 2002: India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217030450/http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2002.html|archive-date=17 February 2020|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=1 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| youthyears1 = 2001–2002
| clubs1 = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]
| years1 = 2002–2005
| caps1 = 18
| goals1 = 10
| years2 = 2005–2008
| clubs2 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
| caps2 = 48
| goals2 = 21
| years3 = 2008–2009
| clubs3 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| caps3 = 17
| goals3 = 9
| years4 = 2009–2010
| clubs4 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| caps4 = 13
| goals4 = 8
| years5 = 2010
| clubs5 = [[Sporting Kansas City|Kansas City Wizards]]
| caps5 = 0
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2011
| clubs6 = [[United SC|Chirag United]]
| caps6 = 7
| goals6 = 7
| years7 = 2011–2012
| clubs7 = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]
| caps7 = 14
| goals7 = 6
| years8 = 2012–2013
| clubs8 = [[Sporting CP B]]
| caps8 = 3
| goals8 = 0
| years9 = 2013
| clubs9 = → [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] (loan)
| caps9 = 8
| goals9 = 4
| years10 = 2013–2015
| clubs10 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps10 = 43
| goals10 = 16
| years11 = 2015–2016
| clubs11 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| caps11 = 15 
| goals11 = 7
| years12 = 2016
| clubs12 = → [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] (loan)
| caps12 = 14
| goals12 = 5
| years13 = 2017–
| clubs13 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps13 = 168 
| goals13 = 66 
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalyears1 = 2004
| nationalcaps1 = 3
| nationalgoals1 = 2
| nationalyears2 = 2004–2005
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps2 = 6{{efn-lg|Appearances as an [[List of overage players in Olympic football|overage player]] (four appearances and two goals in [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022 Asian Games]])}}
| nationalgoals2 = 2
| nationalteam3 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalyears3 = 2005–2025
| nationalcaps3 = 157{{efn-lg|He retired from the national team in 2024, but returned in 2025, and remained until his definitive retirement later that year.}}
| nationalgoals3 = [[List of international goals scored by Sunil Chhetri|95]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[AFC Challenge Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup|2008 India]]|[[2008 AFC Challenge Cup squads#India|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|RU| [[2008 SAFF Championship|2008 Maldives & Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011 India]]|}}
{{Medal|RU| [[2013 SAFF Championship|2013 Nepal]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015 India]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023 India]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004 Pakistan]]|[[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games – Men's team squads#India U20|Team]]|}}
| club-update = 16:30, 12 April 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 18:30, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
}}
'''Sunil Chhetri''' ({{IPA|ne|sunil t͡sʰet̪ri|lang}}, born 3 August 1984) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]. He is the [[Indian Super League records and statistics#Player records|all-time top scorer]] in ISL history,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Chhetri Etches History; Becomes All-Time Leading Goalscorer in ISL History |url=https://www.news18.com/football/sunil-chhetri-becomes-all-time-leading-goalscorer-in-isl-history-9067335.html |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> the [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals|fourth-highest international goalscorer]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Captain Fantastic Chhetri strike seals India's 1–0 win over Kyrgyzstan.|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/captain-fantastic-chhetri-strike-seals-india-s-1-0-win-over-kyrgyzstan-117061301402_1.html|publisher=Business Standard|date=13 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021234034/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/captain-fantastic-chhetri-strike-seals-india-s-1-0-win-over-kyrgyzstan-117061301402_1.html|archive-date=21 October 2017|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Captain fantastic Sunil Chhetri seals 2018 Intercontinental Cup for India|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/100618/sunil-chhetri-indian-football-team-2018-intercontinental-cup-stephen-c.html|publisher=Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited|date=10 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022644/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/100618/sunil-chhetri-indian-football-team-2018-intercontinental-cup-stephen-c.html|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> and the [[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps|most-capped player]] and [[List of top international men's football goalscorers by country|all-time top goalscorer]] of the [[India national football team|India national team]]. He is widely regarded as the greatest Indian football player.<ref name="Sunil Chhetri: No better place than Doha for Indian football's Asian revival">{{cite news|date=3 November 2016|title=Sunil Chhetri: No better place than Doha for Indian football's Asian revival|publisher=Gulf Times|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/519789/Sunil-Chhetri-No-better-place-than-Doha-for-Indian|url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118170239/http://www.gulf-times.com/story/519789/Sunil-Chhetri-No-better-place-than-Doha-for-Indian|archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="AFC Cup 2016: Sunil Chhetri – The captain who leads by example">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/afc-cup-2016-sunil-chhetri-captain-leads-example |title=AFC Cup 2016: Sunil Chhetri – The captain who leads by example |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118163955/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/afc-cup-2016-sunil-chhetri-captain-leads-example |archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="We're upbeat: Sunil">{{cite news|date=3 November 2016|title=We're upbeat: Sunil|newspaper=The Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161103/jsp/sports/story_117161.jsp#.WC7CPRKKVp0|url-status=dead|access-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118163907/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161103/jsp/sports/story_117161.jsp#.WC7CPRKKVp0|archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>

Chhetri began his professional career at [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] in 2002,<ref name="Chhetri becomes the first Indian to join MLS">{{cite news |url=http://sports.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/26/chhetri-becomes-the-first-indian-to-join-mls.htm |title=Chhetri becomes the first Indian to join MLS |work=Rediff.com |date=26 March 2016 |access-date=29 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129145540/http://sports.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/26/chhetri-becomes-the-first-indian-to-join-mls.htm |archive-date=29 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Rs 1 crore boys">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120415/jsp/7days/story_15375848.jsp#.WD0mFEvraSH |title=The Rs 1 crore boys |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2016 |access-date=29 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017062433/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120415/jsp/7days/story_15375848.jsp#.WD0mFEvraSH |archive-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> moving to [[JCT FC|JCT]] where he scored 21 goals in 48 games.<ref name=NFT>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12944/Sunil_Chhetri.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Chhetri, Sunil|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925200859/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12944/Sunil_Chhetri.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> Sunil was part of [[Delhi football team|Delhi]] team in the [[2004–05 Santosh Trophy|59th edition]] of [[Santosh Trophy]] held at [[Delhi]]. He scored six goals in that tournament including a hat-trick against [[Gujarat football team|Gujarat]]. Delhi lost to [[Kerala football team|Kerala]] in the quarter-finals and he scored in that match too.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Goal rush |pages=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041106/spr-trib.htm |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041106/spr-trib.htm |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116000906/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041106/spr-trib.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He signed for [[Major League Soccer]] side [[Sporting Kansas City|Kansas City Wizards]] in 2010, becoming the third player from the subcontinent of note to go abroad.<ref name=MLSSigning>{{cite web|last=Wiebe|first=Andrew|title=Wizards sign Indian forward Chhetri|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/wizards-sign-indian-forward-chhetri|work=Major League Soccer|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103213056/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/wizards-sign-indian-forward-chhetri|archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref> He returned to India's [[I-League]] where he played for [[United SC|Chirag United]] and [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] before going back abroad, at [[Sporting CP]] of the [[Primeira Liga]], where he played for the club's [[Sporting CP B|reserve side]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunil Chhetri joins Sporting Clube de Portugal 'B' side|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sunil-chhetri-joins-sporting-clube-de-portugal-b-side/269478-5-220.html|publisher=IBN Live|date=21 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023161140/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sunil-chhetri-joins-sporting-clube-de-portugal-b-side/269478-5-220.html|archive-date=23 October 2014}}</ref>

Chhetri helped India win the [[2007 Nehru Cup|2007]], [[2009 Nehru Cup|2009]], and [[2012 Nehru Cup|2012]] [[Nehru Cup]], as well as the [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011]], [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015]], [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]] and [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]] [[SAFF Championship]]. He also led India to victory in the [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup]], which qualified them to their first [[AFC Asian Cup]] in 27 years,<ref>{{cite web|title=AFC Challenge Cup '08: India Win The AFC Challenge Cup '08|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/14/asia/2008/08/13/817451/afc-challenge-cup-08-india-win-the-afc-challenge-cup-08|website=Goal.com|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120112333/http://www.goal.com/en/news/14/asia/2008/08/13/817451/afc-challenge-cup-08-india-win-the-afc-challenge-cup-08|archive-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> scoring twice in the final tournament in [[2011 AFC Asian Cup|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Somnath|title=India In AFC Asian Cup 2011: Performance Review|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/india-in-afc-asian-cup-2011-performance-review/|work=The Hard Tackle|date=20 January 2011|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023161845/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/india-in-afc-asian-cup-2011-performance-review/|archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref> In 2016, Chhetri led Bengaluru FC to a silver medal finish in the [[AFC Cup]]. Chhetri has also been named [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] [[AIFF Player of the Year|Player of the Year]] a record seven times in 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018–19 and 2021–22.<ref name=AIFFPOTY>{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri named 2014 AIFF Player of the Year|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Sunil-Chhetri-named-2014-AIFF-Player-of-the-Year/articleshow/45661090.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229074559/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Sunil-Chhetri-named-2014-AIFF-Player-of-the-Year/articleshow/45661090.cms|archive-date=29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sunil Chhetri named AIFF Player of Year for sixth time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-named-aiff-player-of-year-for-sixth-time/articleshow/70147982.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 July 2019 |publisher=TOI |access-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722015403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-named-aiff-player-of-year-for-sixth-time/articleshow/70147982.cms |archive-date=22 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chhetri received the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2011 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the [[Padma Shri]] award in 2019, India's fourth highest civilian award. In 2021, he received the [[Khel Ratna Award]], India's highest sporting honor and became the first footballer to receive the award.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 November 2021|title=Manpreet Singh, Sunil Chhetri to get Khel Ratna|website=India TV|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/hockey/manpreet-added-to-khel-ratna-winners-sports-ministry-okays-35-arjuna-awardees-743441|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102220444/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/hockey/manpreet-added-to-khel-ratna-winners-sports-ministry-okays-35-arjuna-awardees-743441|url-status=live}}</ref> He announced his retirement from all forms of international football in June 2024, playing his last match for India against [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]]. On 6 March 2025 though, it was announced that Chhetri had come out of international retirement to help the national team.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-comes-back-from-retirement-to-play-vs-bangladesh-9872639/|title=Sunil Chhetri comes back from retirement, could play vs Maldives, Bangladesh later this month|date=6 March 2025}}</ref>

His goal tally also ranks him fourth in the all-time list among international goal-scorers, behind [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Lionel Messi]] and [[Ali Daei]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.news18.com/football/retiring-as-a-legend-fifa-pays-tribute-to-indias-sunil-chhetri-alongside-cristiano-ronaldo-and-lionel-messi-8893102.html|title='Retiring As a Legend': FIFA Pays Tribute to India's Sunil Chhetri Alongside Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi|website=[[News18]]|date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

== Club career ==
=== City Club Delhi ===
Sunil Chhetri started his career with City Club, a local club based in Delhi and joined them during the 2001–02 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/happy-birthday-sunil-chhetri-a-look-at-india-captains-top-achievements-so-far-in-pics-2644145/amp|date=3 August 2023|title=Happy Birthday Sunil Chhetri: A Look At India Captain's Top Achievements So Far – In Pics|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811055818/https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/happy-birthday-sunil-chhetri-a-look-at-india-captains-top-achievements-so-far-in-pics-2644145/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> He represented the club in [[2002 Durand Cup]] where although his team failed to qualify for quarterfinal stage, Chhetri made an appearance in four games and scored a goal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/2002/feb/03durand.htm|date=3 February 2002|title=City Club trounce Indian Navy|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180820/https://m.rediff.com/sports/2002/feb/03durand.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named one of the five promising players of the tournament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahindra go high five in final |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb17/isp.htm |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602151853/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb17/isp.htm |archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref> He was spotted by [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] during the tournament who called him to [[Kolkata]] for a trial and he went for trial just after joining City Club two months ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iftwc.com/the-legacy-of-sunil-chhetri/|date=8 August 2022|title=The Legacy of Captain Sunil Chhetri|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180800/https://iftwc.com/the-legacy-of-sunil-chhetri/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Mohun Bagan ===
Chhetri began his professional football journey with [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] where he signed his first professional contract after a week trial.<ref name=NFT /> After his first season with the club, the [[2002–03 National Football League (India)|2002–03 season]], Chhetri had scored four goals<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/nflsco03.htm|title=7th National Football League – Leading Goal Scorers|publisher=Rediff|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114246/http://www.rediff.com/sports/nflsco03.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> as Mohun Bagan finished in seventh place in the table.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india03.html|title=India 2002/03|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506050418/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india03.html#nfl1|archive-date=6 May 2009}}</ref> The [[2003–04 National Football League (India)|next season]], Chhetri scored only two goals. The first came against [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] while the second came against [[Indian Bank Recreational Club|Indian Bank]] as Mohun Bagan once again finished in the bottom half of the table, in ninth place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india04.html|title=India 2003/04|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609202906/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india04.html#nfl1|archive-date=9 June 2009}}</ref> In [[2004–05 National Football League (India)|2004–05]] season, He scored a hattrick against [[Tollygunge Agragami]] where he came as a substitute in a 4–0 win.;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/report/nfl/20050505.htm|date=5 May 2005|title=Bagan rout Tollygunge|access-date=2 December 2023|archive-date=2 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202073027/https://m.rediff.com/sports/report/nfl/20050505.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> this time Mohun Bagan finished eighth in the league and remained in the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] on [[goal difference]].<ref name="India 2004/05">{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india05.html|title=India 2004/05|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609202911/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india05.html#nfl1|archive-date=9 June 2009}}</ref>

=== JCT ===
In 2005, Chhetri signed for [[JCT FC|JCT]] for the [[2005–06 National Football League (India)|2005–06]] season.<ref name=NFT /> During that season, Chhetri scored three goals. He scored twice against [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] before the third came against [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]], as JCT finished the season that year in sixth place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html|title=India 2005/06|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114172539/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india06.html#nfl1|archive-date=14 November 2013}}</ref> Meanwhile, in the [[Santosh Trophy]], Chhetri scored two hat-tricks for [[Delhi football team|Delhi]] in the group stages of the [[2006–07 Santosh Trophy|61st Santosh Trophy]] against both [[Odisha football team|Orissa]] and [[Railways football team|Railways]].<ref name="61st Santosh Trophy">{{cite news|url=http://old.indianfootball.com/seasons/2006-07st.html|title=61st Santosh Trophy|publisher=IndianFootball.com|access-date=7 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813000716/http://old.indianfootball.com/seasons/2006-07st.html|archive-date=13 August 2009}}</ref> However, despite Chhetri's best efforts, Delhi were eliminated in the pre-quarter final round after losing 1–0 to [[Tamil Nadu football team|Tamil Nadu]] in [[extra time]].<ref name="61st Santosh Trophy" />

Then, during the [[2006–07 National Football League (India)|2006–07]] season, Chhetri scored a total of twelve goals in the league for JCT as the club finished in second place, behind [[Dempo SC|Dempo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/nfl07.html|title=11th National Football League 2007|publisher=Rediff|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809113049/http://www.rediff.com/sports/nfl07.html|archive-date=9 August 2009}}</ref> Among his best games during that season were the matches against his former club [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] and [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] in which he scored braces in both matches as JCT won both games 2–0 and 3–2 respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/jan/10nfl.htm|title=JCT shock Mohun Bagan|publisher=Rediff|date=10 January 2007|access-date=3 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114232/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/jan/10nfl.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/apr/12nfl.htm|title=Chetri brace gives JCT victory|publisher=Rediff|date=12 April 2007|access-date=3 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114226/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/apr/12nfl.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref>

He made his [[I-League]] debut on 26 November 2007 in an upset 2–1 victory over his former club Mohun Bagan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/2007/nov/26jct.htm|date=26 November 2007|title=JCT beat Mohun Bagan 2–1 in I-League|access-date=9 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209071457/https://m.rediff.com/sports/2007/nov/26jct.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Then, during the very [[2007–08 I-League|first season]] of the [[I-League]], Chhetri scored seven goals as JCT finished the season in third place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india08.html|title=India 2007/08|access-date=3 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609203908/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india08.html#nfl1|archive-date=9 June 2009}}</ref> His only brace that season came against [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] during the final match of the season.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080224/sports.htm#6|title=JCT crush Salgaocar, finish third|work=Tribune India|first=Anil|last=Datt|date=23 February 2008|access-date=3 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812060715/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080224/sports.htm#6|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> Midway through that season though, in December 2007, Chhetri was awarded the AIFF Player of the Year award for 2007 for his excellent form and performances for his club and country.<ref name=AIFFPOTY />

==== Interest abroad ====
{{Quote box | width=30% | align=right | quote="Of course, I would love to play in Europe like [David] Villa and it all depends where I get an offer from. England would certainly be fine and I have had talks but the stumbling blocks are the work permit restrictions."|source=—Sunil Chhetri, stating his desire to move abroad to play alongside Spanish striker [[David Villa]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1263/india-south-central-asia/2008/10/09/903316/goalcom-special-sunil-chhetris-indian-diary|title=Sunil Chhetri's Indian Diary|publisher=Goal.com|date=9 October 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|first=John|last=Duerden|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813051651/http://www.goal.com/en/news/1263/india-south-central-asia/2008/10/09/903316/goalcom-special-sunil-chhetris-indian-diary|archive-date=13 August 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> }}
[[File:Sunil Chhetri (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|235x235px|Chhetri in 2008]]
In October 2008, it was rumored that Chhetri had sparked interest from foreign clubs. These clubs were [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] of the [[Football League One]] and [[Estoril Praia]] of the [[Liga de Honra]], the second division of Portugal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081012/jsp/sports/story_9956969.jsp|title=Report says Leeds keen on Chhetri|work=Telegraph India|date=12 October 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|location=Calcutta, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811075311/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081012/jsp/sports/story_9956969.jsp|archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref> During an interview Chhetri said that "Nothing has been confirmed as yet but yes, I think I am close to getting there." indicating that there was a chance of him signing in England.<ref name="Chhetri on Leeds United radar">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/UK_soccer_club_interested_in_Indian_player/articleshow/3587373.cms|title=Chhetri on Leeds United radar|work=India Times|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|date=11 October 2008|access-date=29 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018195531/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/UK_soccer_club_interested_in_Indian_player/articleshow/3587373.cms|archive-date=18 October 2008}}</ref> However, in the end, a move never materialized.

=== East Bengal ===
Before the [[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]] season began, Chhetri signed with fellow [[I-League]] side [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]].<ref name=NFT /> He scored on his debut for East Bengal against [[United SC|Chirag United]] on 26 September 2008 in which he scored in the 28th minute as East Bengal won the match 3–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india09.html|title=India 2008/09|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706220412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india09.html|archive-date=6 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sports/east-bengal-begin-league-campaign-on-winning-note_100100581.html|title=East Bengal begin League campaign on winning note|publisher=Thaindian News|date=26 September 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811075314/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sports/east-bengal-begin-league-campaign-on-winning-note_100100581.html|archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref>

Chhetri then went on to score a crucial goal for East Bengal during the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] in which he scored the only goal against his former club, [[JCT FC|JCT]], which led to East Bengal booking a place in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/dec/13fed-cup-chhetri-helps-east-bengal-beat-jct.htm|title=Chettri strike hands East Bengal win over JCT|publisher=Rediff|date=13 December 2008|access-date=3 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114241/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/dec/13fed-cup-chhetri-helps-east-bengal-beat-jct.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> During the semi-final match, East Bengal took on arch-rivals and another of Sunil's former clubs, [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]], in which he missed the decisive penalty in the [[Penalty shootout (association football)|penalty shootout]] as East Bengal were officially knocked-out of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sangram stars as Mohun Bagan beat East Bengal to enter Fed Cup Final|url=http://mohun-bagan.blogspot.com/2008/12/sangram-stars-as-mohun-bagan-beat-east.html|work=Mohun Bagan AC|date=18 December 2008|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306214714/http://mohun-bagan.blogspot.com/2008/12/sangram-stars-as-mohun-bagan-beat-east.html|archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>

Midway through the season though, reports came out suggesting that two [[Major League Soccer]] teams were interesting in Chhetri, along with his international teammate [[Steven Dias]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/01/12/1056482/indian-players-for-mls|title=Indian Players For MLS?|publisher=Goal.com|date=12 January 2009|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811161712/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/01/12/1056482/indian-players-for-mls|archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref> These two MLS sides were rumored to be the [[Los Angeles Galaxy]] and [[D.C. United]]. However, on 25 January 2009, Chhetri arrived in [[Coventry]], England to begin a trial at [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] of the [[Football League Championship]], thus rejecting MLS.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/coventry-calling-for-sunil-chhetri/414151/|title=Coventry calling for Sunil Chhetri|work=The Indian Express|date=23 January 2009|access-date=29 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812053054/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/coventry-calling-for-sunil-chhetri/414151/|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> Four days later though, Coventry City manager [[Chris Coleman (footballer)|Chris Coleman]] said that they would not be following their interest in Chhetri.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ia.rediff.com/www/sports/2009/jan/29coventry-city-sunil-chhetri.htm|title=Coventry no more interested in Chhetri|publisher=Rediff|date=29 January 2009|access-date=29 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812105456/http://ia.rediff.com/www/sports/2009/jan/29coventry-city-sunil-chhetri.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> Four months later though, Chhetri said that he would go back to Coventry City in June 2009 for another extended trial.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/chhetri-gears-up-for-goa-stint/462639/|title=Chhetri gears up for Goa stint|work=Express India|first=Saikat|last=Sarkar|date=20 May 2009|access-date=29 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812153848/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/chhetri-gears-up-for-goa-stint/462639/|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> That never materialized however.

=== Dempo===
Upon being released by [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]], Chhetri signed a two-year contract with another fellow [[I-League]] side, [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] on 22 May 2009.<ref name=HT2012>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=RSSFeed-Sport&id=fe7f22ac-c123-4669-ac98-c389d49598e3&Headline=Two-year+Dempo+deal+for+Chhetri|title=Two-year Dempo deal for Chhetri|work=Hindustan Times|date=22 May 2009|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812054503/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=RSSFeed-Sport&id=fe7f22ac-c123-4669-ac98-c389d49598e3&Headline=Two-year+Dempo+deal+for+Chhetri|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> In his contract was a clause which allowed him to leave for trials abroad in the future if he wanted to.<ref name=HT2012 />

==== More foreign interest ====
On 7 August 2009 it was reported that [[Scottish Premier League]] side [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] were linked with a move to sign Chhetri.<ref name=Celtic>{{cite news|url=http://m.goal.com/art_1426487.Celtic-Scouts-Monitor-Chhetri-Trials-Seem-Unlikely?SID=69ef43f244100b5f008c685ced8b6694|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120524225543/http://m.goal.com/art_1426487.Celtic-Scouts-Monitor-Chhetri-Trials-Seem-Unlikely?SID=69ef43f244100b5f008c685ced8b6694|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2012|title=Celtic scouts monitor Chhetri|publisher=Goal.com|date=7 August 2009|access-date=7 August 2009|first=Rahul|last=Bali}}</ref> The Scottish club had watched Chhetri during a pre-season friendly with [[FC Santboià|Santboià]], a [[Segunda División B]] side, in a pre-season fixture.<ref name=Celtic /> Yogesh Joshee, Chhetri's agent, was quoted as saying, "I'm waiting to get feedback from Celtic, who saw him on Monday by head scout and then another scout came to watch game, I'll let you know the outcome when I know."<ref name=Celtic />

Then on 30 August 2009 it was announced by the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' that Chhetri had signed a three-year contract with English [[Football League Championship]] side [[Queens Park Rangers]] but that he was denied a work permit by the British government.<ref name=HT9000>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News/football/Chhetri-denied-UK-work-permit/Article1-448425.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125122223/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News/football/Chhetri-denied-UK-work-permit/Article1-448425.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Chhetri denied UK work permit|work=Hindustan Times|date=30 August 2009|access-date=10 September 2009}}</ref> According to an article on the [[Football Players' Association of India]]'s official website, Chhetri was denied a work permit because India were not in the top 70 of the [[FIFA World Rankings]]. Chhetri, however, remained positive: "But it's not the end of the world. I will still continue to work hard for my country and my club [[Dempo SC|Dempo]], who have been very supportive."<ref name=HT9000 />

Chhetri made his debut for Dempo against [[Air India FC|Air India]] on 14 September in a [[2009 Durand Cup|Durand Cup fixture]], scoring a penalty in a 4–1 win.<ref>{{cite news |title=Superb Dempo thrash Air India |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/superb-dempo-thrash-air-india/33376 |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[O Heraldo]] |date=15 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319061308/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/superb-dempo-thrash-air-india/33376 |archive-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

=== Kansas City ===

In March 2010 it was announced that Chhetri was on trial with the [[Sporting Kansas City|Kansas City Wizards]] of [[Major League Soccer]] and that he had played during their pre-season games.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/222/transfer-zone/2010/03/24/1846658/sunil-chhetri-off-to-usa-to-fulfill-his-kansas-dream|title=Sunil Chhetri Off To USA To Fulfill His Kansas Dream|publisher=Goal.com|date=24 March 2010|access-date=27 March 2010|first=Rahul|last=Bali|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326093649/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/222/transfer-zone/2010/03/24/1846658/sunil-chhetri-off-to-usa-to-fulfill-his-kansas-dream|archive-date=26 March 2010}}</ref> He then formally signed for the team on 24 March 2010, becoming just the third Indian to play outside of South Asia and the first Indian to play in MLS.<ref name=MLSSigning /> [[Peter Vermes]], the head coach of the Wizards, was quoted as saying "One thing we really like about Sunil is that he's a crafty player. Technically he's very sharp, and he's a guy that has good attacking tendencies."<ref name=MLSSigning />

On 4 April 2010, he scored a hat-trick in Kansas City Wizards’ reserves 5–0 victory over [[Evansville]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/chhetri-scores-hattrick-in-reserve-game-for-wizards/34738|date=5 April 2010|title=Chhetri scores hat-trick in reserve game for Wizards|access-date=3 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203155410/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/chhetri-scores-hattrick-in-reserve-game-for-wizards/34738|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 April 2010, Chhetri made his debut for the Wizards in a [[U.S. Open Cup]] qualification play-in game against the [[Colorado Rapids]]. He started but earned a yellow card and was substituted out of the game at half-time; Kansas City lost the match 1–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri Makes Kansas City Debut|url=http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2010/04/sunil-chhetri-makes-kansas-city-debut|work=Sporting Kansas City|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225035729/http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2010/04/sunil-chhetri-makes-kansas-city-debut|archive-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> On 23 July 2010, it was announced that Chhetri would play in a mid-season friendly against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/frustrated-determined-chhetri-see-time-vs-man-utd|title=Frustrated but determined, Chhetri to see time vs. Man Utd|publisher=MLSsoccer.com|date=23 July 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724230611/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/frustrated-determined-chhetri-see-time-vs-man-utd|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> The decision was criticised as a public relations exercise rather than one made on merit, as he had not yet played a league match.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/1110/major-league-soccer/2010/07/23/2038205/comment-are-kansas-city-wizards-playing-sunil-chhetri>|title=Are Kansas City Wizards Playing Sunil Chhetri Against Manchester United As A PR Exercise?|publisher=Goal.com|date=23 July 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022645/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/1110/major-league-soccer/2010/07/23/2038205/comment-are-kansas-city-wizards-playing-sunil-chhetri%3E|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> On 25 July 2010, Chhetri made an appearance for the Wizards against Manchester United, coming on as a substitute for [[Teal Bunbury]] in the 69th minute as Kansas City won the match 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: Wizards beat Man United|url=http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2010/07/press-release-wizards-beat-man-united|work=Sporting Kansas City|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225233350/http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2010/07/press-release-wizards-beat-man-united|archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref>

The next day, it was announced that Chhetri was to compete for the [[India national football team|India national team]] until the end of the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri loaned to Indian team|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/1417148/report-sunil-chhetri-loaned-to-indian-team|work=DNA India|access-date=21 August 2013|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180727/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-sunil-chhetri-loaned-to-indian-team-1417148|url-status=live}}</ref> The Wizards (who had been renamed Sporting Kansas City) announced on 5 February 2011 that Chhetri had officially left the team.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Austin |url=http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2011/02/sporting-kc-makes-four-roster-moves |title=Sporting KC Makes Four Roster Moves | Sporting Kansas City |publisher=Sportingkc.com |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913030128/http://www.sportingkc.com/news/2011/02/sporting-kc-makes-four-roster-moves |archive-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>

=== Chirag United ===
On 10 February 2011, it was announced that [[United SC|Chirag United]] had beaten [[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]] to the signing of Sunil Chhetri for the rest of the [[2010–11 I-League]] season.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Indian National Team Striker Sunil Chhetri Signs For Chirag United|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/02/10/2347011/i-league-indian-national-team-striker-sunil-chhetri-signs|work=Goal.com|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502061932/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/02/10/2347011/i-league-indian-national-team-striker-sunil-chhetri-signs|archive-date=2 May 2014}}</ref> On 3 April 2011, Chhetri scored his first goal for Chirag United against [[Dempo SC|Dempo]], however, Dempo won the match 4–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=PRAYAG UNITED VS. DEMPO 2 – 4|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/03/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/dempo-sports-club/1044889/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022645/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/03/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/dempo-sports-club/1044889/|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> Chhetri then scored a brace on 29 April 2011 against [[ONGC FC|ONGC]] to help salvage a 2–2 draw for Chirag.<ref>{{cite web|title=ONGC VS. PRAYAG UNITED 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/29/india/i-league/ongc/chirag-united-sc/1044918/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601052040/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/29/india/i-league/ongc/chirag-united-sc/1044918/|archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref>

=== Mohun Bagan ===
On 22 July 2011, it was announced by [[I-League]] club [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] that Chhetri had rejoined the club and signed a one-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/07/23/2586796/i-league-sunil-chhetri-returns-to-former-club-mohun-bagan |title=I-League: Sunil Chhetri Returns To Former Club Mohun Bagan For A Year |publisher=Goal.com |access-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015225802/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2011/07/23/2586796/i-league-sunil-chhetri-returns-to-former-club-mohun-bagan |archive-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> He made his debut on 23 October 2011 in [[2011-12 I-League]] opening game against [[Pailan Arrows]] where he started the game in a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/report/i-league-bagan-victory-riding-odafa-hattrick/20111023.htm|date=23 October 2011|title=I-League: Mohun Bagan ride on Odafa's hat-trick|access-date=3 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203154120/https://m.rediff.com/sports/report/i-league-bagan-victory-riding-odafa-hattrick/20111023.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 November, he scored his first goals when he struck twice in a thumping 5–1 win over [[Mumbai FC]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/mohun-bagan-trounce-mumbai-fc-5-1-in-i-league-match/articleshow/10633443.cms|date=6 November 2011|title=Mohun Bagan trounce Mumbai FC 5–1 in I-League match|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=3 December 2023|archive-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220132134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/mohun-bagan-trounce-mumbai-fc-5-1-in-i-league-match/articleshow/10633443.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Sporting CP B ===
On 4 July 2012, it was reported that Chhetri had signed a two-year contract with [[Sporting CP]] and would play in their [[Sporting CP B|reserve team]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chhetri-joins-sporting-clube-de-portugal-b-side/269478-5-21.html|title=Sunil Chhetri joins Sporting Clube de Portugal 'B' side|publisher=CNN IBN Live|access-date=5 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707010757/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chhetri-joins-sporting-clube-de-portugal-b-side/269478-5-21.html|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> He made his debut for the side in a [[Segunda Liga]] match against [[S.C. Freamunde|Freamunde]] in which he came on in the 85th minute as Sporting CP B won the match 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri makes his debut for Sporting Lisbon|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/197280-sunil-chhetri-makes-his-debut-for-sporting-lisbon|work=NDTV|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114102726/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/197280-sunil-chhetri-makes-his-debut-for-sporting-lisbon|archive-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>

==== Loan to Churchill Brothers ====
On 13 February 2013, it was announced that in order to get more playing time Chhetri would be loaned out to [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] in the [[I-League]] for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release|url=http://www.sporting.pt/English/News/newsfut_eng_futsunilloan_130213_106531.asp|work=Sporting Clube de Portugal|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227223125/http://www.sporting.pt/English/News/newsfut_eng_futsunilloan_130213_106531.asp|archive-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> He made his debut for Churchill Brothers on 21 February 2013 against [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] in the first game of [[2012–13 Goa Professional League season]] championship round in which Chhetri started and scored a brace in a 2–0 win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/dream-debut-for-india-captain-sunil-chhetri-at-churchill-brothers|date=21 February 2013|title=Dream debut for India captain Sunil Chhetri at Churchill Brothers|access-date=3 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203151355/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/dream-debut-for-india-captain-sunil-chhetri-at-churchill-brothers|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his continental debut on 26 February 2013 against [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] in the [[2013 AFC Cup]] in which Chhetri started as Churchill Brothers lost 0–3.<ref>{{cite web|title=KITCHEE VS. CHURCHILL BROTHERS 3 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/26/asia/afc-cup/kitchee-fc/churchill-brothers-sc/1419258/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411041323/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/26/asia/afc-cup/kitchee-fc/churchill-brothers-sc/1419258/|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> He then scored his first goal for Churchill Brothers in their next match against [[Semen Padang F.C.|Semen Padang]] on 12 March 2013 in which he started and scored in the 27th minute as Churchill Brothers drew the match 2–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=CHURCHILL BROTHERS VS. SEMEN 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/12/asia/afc-cup/churchill-brothers-sc/ps-semen-padang/1419261/|work=Soccerway|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617065145/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/12/asia/afc-cup/churchill-brothers-sc/ps-semen-padang/1419261/|archive-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> After the season ended, Chhetri had scored four goals in eight league matches as he helped Churchill Brothers to their second ever I-League title.<ref>{{cite web|title=Churchill Brothers are I-League champions 2012–13|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/207430-churchill-brothers-are-i-league-champions-2012-13|work=NDTV|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510160724/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/207430-churchill-brothers-are-i-league-champions-2012-13|archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref>

=== Bengaluru ===

==== 2013–14 ====
On 19 July 2013, following his release from [[Sporting CP]], Chhetri signed with new direct-entry [[I-League]] side [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] for the [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]] season.<ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Sports sign National Team Captain Sunil Chhetri|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=5070|work=The All India Football Federation|access-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054904/http://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=5070|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> He made his debut for the club in their opening game on 22 September 2013 against [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] in which he came on as a 46th-minute substitute for [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] as Bengaluru managed a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{cite web|title=BENGALURU VS. MOHUN BAGAN 1 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/bengaluru/mohun-bagan-ac/1585279/|work=Soccerway|access-date=12 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015113729/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/bengaluru/mohun-bagan-ac/1585279/|archive-date=15 October 2013}}</ref> Chhetri then scored his first goal for the side in the next game against [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]] in which he found the net in the 67th minute as Bengaluru won 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=BENGALURU VS. RANGDAJIED UNITED 3 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/29/india/i-league/bengaluru/arhima-club/1585286/|work=Soccerway|access-date=12 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103000305/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/29/india/i-league/bengaluru/arhima-club/1585286/|archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref>

He did not score again for Bengaluru till November when, on the 2nd against [[Mumbai FC|Mumbai]], Chhetri scored from the penalty-spot in the 57th minute to help Bengaluru FC to a 2–2 draw.<ref>{{cite web|title=MUMBAI VS. BENGALURU 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/02/india/i-league/mumbai-fc/bengaluru/1585329/?ICID=PL_MS_04|work=Soccerway|access-date=16 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022645/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/02/india/i-league/mumbai-fc/bengaluru/1585329/?ICID=PL_MS_04|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> He then scored his first brace of the season against on 1 December 2013 against [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]] in which his 7th and 34th-minute strikes helped the team to a 2–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web|title=BENGALURU VS. SHILLONG LAJONG 2 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/01/india/i-league/bengaluru/lajong-sc/1585356/?ICID=PL_MS_08|work=Soccerway|access-date=1 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022644/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/01/india/i-league/bengaluru/lajong-sc/1585356/?ICID=PL_MS_08|archive-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> Then in the next match against former club [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] Chhetri scored another brace as he led Bengaluru FC to a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru FC beat Churchill, extend lead at top|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Bengaluru-FC-beat-Churchill-extend-lead-at-top/articleshow/26971897.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214082234/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-06/i-league/44862929_1_bengaluru-fc-churchill-brothers-sunil-chhetri|archive-date=14 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> He then scored his third brace in a row in the very next match against [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] as he led Bengaluru FC to a 3–2 win in [[Kolkata]].<ref name="Mohammedan Away">{{cite web|last=Bera|first=Koustav|title=Mohammedan Sporting 2–3 Bengaluru FC: The table toppers win the five goal thriller amidst controversy and furore|url=http://sg.sports.yahoo.com/news/mohammedan-sporting-2-3-bengaluru-fc-another-chhetri-103000301.html|work=Yahoo! Sports|access-date=22 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113954/http://sg.sports.yahoo.com/news/mohammedan-sporting-2-3-bengaluru-fc-another-chhetri-103000301.html|archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref>

Chhetri then finished off an impressive first half of the season for Bengaluru with a goal from the penalty spot against [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]], his ninth of the season, as he led the Bangalore side to a 2–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-league: Bengaluru FC beat Salgaocar FC 2–1 through penalties|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/218552-i-league-bengaluru-fc-beat-salgaocar-fc-2-1-through-penalties|work=NDTV Sports|access-date=22 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226023500/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/218552-i-league-bengaluru-fc-beat-salgaocar-fc-2-1-through-penalties|archive-date=26 December 2013}}</ref> He then scored another goal in the team's first [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] match against [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] as Bengaluru FC won 5–3 on 15 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Federation Cup: Bengaluru FC register 5–3 win over Sporting Clube de Goa|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/219537-federation-cup-bengaluru-fc-register-5-3-win-over-sporting-clube-de-goa|work=NDTV Sport|access-date=16 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118112232/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/219537-federation-cup-bengaluru-fc-register-5-3-win-over-sporting-clube-de-goa|archive-date=18 January 2014}}</ref> With 14 goals and 7 assist in 23 appearances in the season, Chhetri led Bengaluru FC to their first ever [[I-League]] title in its debut season.

==== 2014–15 ====
Chhetri began the season in the [[2014 Durand Cup]], playing and scoring three times but missed the penalty in the shoot-out in the semi-final against [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] which turned out to be the decisive penalty miss as [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] crashed out.

Chhetri scored a brace in his side's first match of [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|2014–15 Federation Cup]] against [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] in a match which eventually ended 3–2 in his side's favor. Chhetri scored another brace in the last group stage match of the [[2014-15 Indian Federation Cup|cup]] against [[Pune FC|Pune]], scoring one from open play and one from the penalty spot and thus leading his side to the semi-final. He kept up his form in the semi-final against [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] and assisted [[Sean Rooney (soccer)|Sean Rooney]] for the first goal and scored the second goal in a match which ended 3–0 in his side's favor. Chhetri scored his 6th goal of the tournament in the final, thus helping them win the [[2014-15 Indian Federation Cup|2014–15 Federation Cup]]. Sunil scored his first goal of the [[2014–15 I-League|2014–15 season]] in the 7th round away to [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] from a [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] cross but couldn't prevent his team from going down 4–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/1980999/report|title=Mohun Bagan 4 – 1 Bengaluru Match report – 20/02/15 I-League – Goal.com|work=goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222012122/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/1980999/report|archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> The CEO of Bengaluru FC, Parth Jindal confirmed that Chhetri along with [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] and [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]] will become contracted to the [[Indian Super League]] at the end of the season, to join the ISL team that drafts them in, but an arrangement has been agreed that they will be loaned back to Bengaluru for the next I-League season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/02/12314682/jindal-will-chhetri-stay-with-bengaluru-if-we-do-not-offer?ICID=SP|title=Jindal: Will Chhetri stay with Bengaluru if we do not offer ISL?|work=Goal.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145151/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/02/12314682/jindal-will-chhetri-stay-with-bengaluru-if-we-do-not-offer?ICID=SP|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>

=== Mumbai City ===
Chhetri was picked up by [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] during the 2015 Indian Super League for ₹1.2 crores, making him the most expensive Indian player at the auctions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/indian-super-league-2015-auctions-sunil-chetri-goes-to-mumbai-city-fc-for-rs-120-crores/article7407272.ece |title=Sunil Chetri goes to Mumbai City FC for Rs 1.20 crore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 July 2015 |access-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611022644/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/indian-super-league-2015-auctions-sunil-chetri-goes-to-mumbai-city-fc-for-rs-120-crores/article7407272.ece |archive-date=11 June 2018|last1=Marar |first1=Nandakumar }}</ref> He missed his team's first and second round matches in the [[2015 Indian Super League]] through national team commitments, playing against [[Turkmenistan national football team|Turkmenistan]] and [[Oman national football team|Oman]] in Group D of the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2018 World Cup qualifiers]], but returned against [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] in a 2–0 loss.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/news/2540-mendoza-brace-helps-chennai-register-second-win |title=Mendoza brace helps Chennai register second win |access-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018021306/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/news/2540-mendoza-brace-helps-chennai-register-second-win |archive-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> He scored twice in his second game of the season against [[Roberto Carlos]] lead [[Odisha FC|Delhi Dynamos]] in a 2–0 win, the first for his team in the season<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2615-chhetri-brace-leads-mumbai-to-first-win |title=Chhetri brace leads Mumbai to first win |access-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024020800/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2615-chhetri-brace-leads-mumbai-to-first-win |archive-date=24 October 2015}}</ref> before scoring again, from the penalty spot, in the very next game against then table toppers [[FC Goa|Goa]] managed by [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2674-mumbai-city-fc-beat-table-toppers-fc-goa-2-0-at-home |title=Mumbai City FC beat table-toppers FC Goa 2–0 at home |access-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028002616/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2674-mumbai-city-fc-beat-table-toppers-fc-goa-2-0-at-home |archive-date=28 October 2015}}</ref> Chhetri made history, becoming the first Indian player to score a hat-trick, in his fourth game of the season, against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] and taking his total of the season to 6 goals in 4 games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2727-mumbai-city-drub-northeast-united-fc-5-1-at-home |title=Mumbai City FC drub NorthEast United FC 5–1 at home |access-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031001953/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/2727-mumbai-city-drub-northeast-united-fc-5-1-at-home |archive-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> he was the top scorer for Mumbai City for that season as he poached 7 Goals. fast forward to 2018 he was still the pole position of all-time top scorers for Mumbai City FC. he came back in Mumbai colors for 2015–16 season, the team done well this time as they reached playoffs for first time, but national commitments & less game time with the likes of [[Diego Forlán]] & [[Sony Norde]] kept him away from score sheet. After two seasons with the islanders, he signed a three-year contract which made him the highest-paid Indian player in 2017.

=== Return to Bengaluru ===

==== 2015–16 ====
Chhetri was loaned out to [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] for the [[2015–16 I-League]] season, where he ended up scoring 5 times in the league, thus helping his team win the league title for the second time in three years. He also scored twice in a round of 16 match against [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] in the [[2016 AFC Cup]], helping his side to an unlikely 2–3 win away from home. This would be the first time Bengaluru had reached the quarter-finals of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/sunil-chhetri/64395/ |title=India – S. Chhetri – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway |access-date=11 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312160323/https://int.soccerway.com/players/sunil-chhetri/64395/ |archive-date=12 March 2018}}</ref>

==== 2016–17 ====
On 9 June 2016, Bengaluru announced that Chhetri had signed a one-year contract at the club, thus reverting his ownership rights to the club from [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/chhetri-pens-new-deal-with-bengaluru-fc/ |title=Chhetri pens new deal with Bengaluru FC | Bengaluru Football Club |access-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612210650/http://www.bengalurufc.com/chhetri-pens-new-deal-with-bengaluru-fc/ |archive-date=12 June 2016}}</ref> Chhetri scored twice as Bengaluru won the [[2016 AFC Cup]] semi-final tie by beating [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] in Bengaluru. Chhetri's second goal was a 30-yard strike, where he received the ball from [[C. K. Vineeth]], beat one defender and unleashed a screamer to give Bengaluru the lead.

==== 2017–present ====
He scored 14 goals for the club during the [[2017–18 Indian Super League]] and became the top Indian scorer of the league. He was also the second top scorer for Bengaluru in the league and won the [[Indian Super League Hero of the League|Hero of the League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-football-player-sunil-chhetri-isl-top-goal-scorer-indian-super-league/ |title=Sunil Chhetri: The Indian goal machine in the ISL |work=Olympic Channel |access-date=6 December 2020 |date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202225019/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-football-player-sunil-chhetri-isl-top-goal-scorer-indian-super-league/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Chhetri won the [[Super Cup (India)|Indian Super Cup]] with Bengaluru FC. With 9 goals, he was their top scorer during their [[2018–19 Bengaluru FC season|2018–19 season]] in Indian Super League and helped to win the [[2018–19 Indian Super League|league title]]. Chhetri was Bengaluru's topscorer during their [[2019–20 Bengaluru FC season|2019–20 campaign]]. During the [[2020–21 Bengaluru FC season|following season]], he scored eight goals and thus became the top scorer for the club for the third consecutive season. On 15 February 2021, Chhetri became the first player to make 200 appearances for Bengaluru FC.<ref>{{cite web|last=Moulee|first=Chandra|date=15 February 2021|title=ISL 2020–21: Sunil Chhetri set to play 200th match for Bengaluru FC|url=https://www.insidesport.co/isl-2020-21-sunil-chhetri-set-to-play-200th-match-for-bengaluru-fc/|access-date=15 February 2021|website=InsideSport|language=en-gb|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180727/https://www.insidesport.co/isl-2020-21-sunil-chhetri-set-to-play-200th-match-for-bengaluru-fc/|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his 100th goal for the club in the final league match of the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]] against [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] on 25 February 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=ISL 2020–21 news: Sunil Chhetri scores his 100th goal for Bengaluru FC|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-2020-21-news-sunil-chhetri-100-bengaluru-fc-goals-vs-jamshedpur-fc-jfc-vs-bfc-indian-football-news/article33894557.ece|access-date=28 February 2021|website=Sportstar|date=25 February 2021 |language=en|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180727/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-2020-21-news-sunil-chhetri-100-bengaluru-fc-goals-vs-jamshedpur-fc-jfc-vs-bfc-indian-football-news/article33894557.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 June, it was announced that Chhetri had signed a two-year contract extension until 2023.<ref>{{cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Sunil Chhetri extends his stay at Bengaluru FC for two more years|url=https://footballexpress.in/isl-sunil-chhetri-extends-his-stay-at-bengaluru-fc-for-three-more-years/|access-date=24 June 2021|website=Football Express| date=24 June 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180727/https://footballexpress.in/isl-sunil-chhetri-extends-his-stay-at-bengaluru-fc-for-three-more-years/|url-status=live}}</ref> He won the [[2022 Durand Cup|2022]] edition of [[Durand Cup]] with the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4750058/durand-cup-2022-review-curtain-raiser-indian-football-season?platform=amp|title=Durand Cup 2022 review: The perfect curtain-raiser to the Indian football season|website=www.espn.in|publisher=[[ESPN]]|first=Aaditya|last=Narayan|date=19 September 2022|access-date=20 September 2022|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920142913/https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4750058/durand-cup-2022-review-curtain-raiser-indian-football-season?platform=amp|archive-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>

On 3 March 2023, Chhetri scored a controversial goal against [[Kerala Blasters FC]] in the knockout match of ISL 2022–23 season which led to the Blasters team walking out and the game forfeited in favour of Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetris-goal-causes-major-isl-controversy-kerala-blasters-players-walk-off-the-pitch-watch-article-98397320 |title=Sunil Chhetri's goal causes major ISL controversy; Kerala Blasters players walk off the pitch – watch |date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023 |archive-date=3 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303191510/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetris-goal-causes-major-isl-controversy-kerala-blasters-players-walk-off-the-pitch-watch-article-98397320 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 7 December 2024, Chhetri scored a hat-trick against Kerala Blasters, breaking [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]'s record to become the oldest player to score an Indian Super League hat-trick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunil Chhetri becomes oldest player to score a hat-trick in ISL |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/sunil-chhetri-oldest-player-score-hat-trick-isl-2024-25-bengaluru-fc-kbfc |website=www.olympics.com |access-date=12 November 2025 |language=en |date=8 December 2024}}</ref>

== International career ==
[[File:The captain of Indian Football team, Shri Bhaichung Bhutia celebrating alongwith other players after winning the final of Nehru Football Cup between India and Syria, in New Delhi on August 29, 2007.jpg|thumb|Chhetri (right) celebrating with teammates, after winning the [[2007 Nehru Cup]] final against [[Syria national football team|Syria]]]]
On 30 March 2004, Chhetri played his first game for the [[India national under-20 football team|India U-20 football team]] in the 1–0 victory over [[Pakistan national under-23 football team|Pakistan U-23]] team in the [[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004 South Asian Games]] in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/43834/|title=Young side for Pakistan SAF Games|work=The Indian Express|first=Micky|last=Aigner|date=27 March 2004|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812053105/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/43834/|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> On 3 April 2004, Chhetri scored twice for the India U-20 team against [[Bhutan national under-23 football team|Bhutan U-23]] team in their 4–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2004safgames.html|title=The Indian U20 Team at the 2004 Islamabad SAF Games|work=indianfootball.de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002616/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2004safgames.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> On 12 June 2005 Sunil scored his first goal on his debut for the senior [[India national football team]] against [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]] in the eventual 1–1 draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/jun/12pak.htm|title=Pakistan hold India in first football match|publisher=Rediff|date=12 June 2005|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114221/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/jun/12pak.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref>

On 15 October 2019, Chhetri became the only Indian to secure a place in the list of top 10 goalscorers in international football.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.storyminter.com/sports/proud-moment-for-india-as-sunil-chhetri-earns-a-spot-among-the-top-10-international-goalscorers/|title=Proud Moment For India As Sunil Chhetri Earns A Spot Among The Top 10 International Goalscorers|publisher=Story Minter|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022085213/https://www.storyminter.com/sports/proud-moment-for-india-as-sunil-chhetri-earns-a-spot-among-the-top-10-international-goalscorers/|archive-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

=== 2007–2011 ===
Chhetri's first international tournament was the [[Nehru Cup International Football Tournament 2007|2007 Nehru Cup]]. In the opening game, India defeated [[Cambodia national football team|Cambodia]] 6–0 with Chhetri scoring two goals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idINIndia-29029320070817|title=India outplay Cambodia 6–0 in Nehru Cup opener|agency=Reuters India|date=17 August 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812103257/http://in.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idINIndia-29029320070817|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> He also scored a goal in the 2–3 defeat to [[Syria national football team|Syria]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://telegraphindia.com/1070824/asp/sports/story_8231045.asp|title=Gallant India go down 2–3|work=Telegraph India|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|date=24 August 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|location=Calcutta, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811075302/http://telegraphindia.com/1070824/asp/sports/story_8231045.asp|archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref> and another in the 3–0 win over [[Kyrgyzstan national football team|Kyrgyzstan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://andhracafe.com/index.php?m=show&id=26392|title=India beat Kyrgyzstan 3–0|publisher=Andhra Cafe|date=27 August 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220193204/http://www.andhracafe.com/index.php?m=show&id=26392|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> to take his goal tally to four. Chhetri was involved in the build-up to [[Pappachen Pradeep]]'s decisive goal as India beat [[Syria national football team|Syria]] 1–0 in the final to become the first champions of the tournament since 1997.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indopia.in/India-usa-uk-news/latest-news/14513/National/1/20/1 |title=India defeats Syria 1–0 in Nehru Cup final |publisher=Indopia |access-date=1 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812053035/http://www.indopia.in/India-usa-uk-news/latest-news/14513/National/1/20/1 |archive-date=12 August 2009 }}</ref> Later in 2007, India began their [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] qualification campaign. They were knocked out in the [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|first round]] by [[Lebanon national football team|Lebanon]] with Chhetri scoring once in the away leg (a 4–1 defeat)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=250425/match=300033467/report.html|title=Lebanon 4–1 India|publisher=FIFA|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716155022/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=250425/match=300033467/report.html|archive-date=16 July 2014}}</ref> and once in the home leg (a 2–2 draw)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=250425/match=300033484/report.html|title=India 2–2 Lebanon|publisher=FIFA|date=30 October 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101091735/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=250425/match=300033484/report.html|archive-date=1 January 2015}}</ref> resulting in a 6–3 [[Two-legged tie|aggregate]] defeat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKDEL6231920071030|title=Lebanon beat India on aggregate in World Cup qualifier|work=Reuters|date=30 October 2007|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812113123/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKDEL6231920071030|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref>

[[File:Sunil Chhetri (2008 AFC Challenge Cup).jpg|thumb|left|alt=Chhetri on his knees in a blue football shirt and blue football shorts. His arms are outstretched and he is smiling after just scoring a goal.|Chhetri celebrating after scoring in the [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup]]]]

The [[2008 SAFF Championship]] started with three victories out of a possible three in the group stages. In the opening game, Chhetri scored a goal in a 4–0 victory over [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=1962|title=India 4 – 0 Nepal: Champs in control|publisher=Maldive Soccer|date=3 June 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213115238/http://www.maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=1962|archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> He scored once more in the championship—in the 2–1 semi-final victory over [[Bhutan national football team|Bhutan]]; this was an [[equaliser (sports)|equaliser]] before [[Gouramangi Singh]] scored India's second goal to send India through to the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2001|title=India 2 – 1 Bhutan: Holders into the final|publisher=Maldive Soccer|date=11 June 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213115323/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2001|archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> India lost 1–0 to the [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]] in the final and Chhetri played for the full 90 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://footiemag.de/matches_25609_india_vs_maldives_14-06-.html|title=India – Maldives 0:1|publisher=Footiemag.de|date=14 June 2008|access-date=1 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410094301/http://footiemag.de/matches_25609_india_vs_maldives_14-06-.html|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> Later that year, in the [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup]], Chhetri played in all of the matches and scored four goals. In the 1–0 win over [[Afghanistan national football team|Afghanistan]], he was involved in the build-up to [[Climax Lawrence]]'s goal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Injury_time_goal_by_Climax_gives_India_1-0_win_over_Afghanistan_/articleshow/3307518.cms|title=Injury time goal by Climax gives India 1–0 win over Afghanistan|work=India Times|date=30 July 2008|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103162727/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Injury_time_goal_by_Climax_gives_India_1-0_win_over_Afghanistan_/articleshow/3307518.cms|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> He also played for the full 90 minutes against [[Tajikistan national football team|Tajikistan]] (a 1–1 draw)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/252-1709.pdf|title=Tajikistan 1–1 India|publisher=AFC|date=1 August 2008|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205095221/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/252-1709.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2009}}</ref> and [[Turkmenistan national football team|Turkmenistan]] (a 2–1 win).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/252-1711.pdf|title=Turkmenistan 1–2 India|publisher=AFC|date=3 August 2008|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205095225/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/252-1711.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2009}}</ref> In the semi-final against [[Myanmar national football team|Myanmar]], Chhetri scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory after being assisted by [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] to see India through to the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/aug/07afc.htm|title=Chhetri's late goal takes India to final|publisher=Rediff|date=7 August 2008|access-date=30 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812114236/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/aug/07afc.htm|archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> In the final against Tajikistan, Chhetri scored a [[hat-trick]] which enabled India to win the Cup. This automatically qualified India for the [[2011 Asian Cup]], the first time they had qualified for the tournament in 24 years.<ref name="Kashmiri hug in football's 24-yr moment">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080814/jsp/frontpage/story_9691545.jsp|title=Kashmiri hug in football's 24-yr moment|work=Telegraph India|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|date=13 August 2008|access-date=30 June 2009|location=Calcutta, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811075306/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080814/jsp/frontpage/story_9691545.jsp|archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref> His first goal was originally disallowed for [[offside (association football)|offside]] by Uzbek referee [[Valentin Kovalenko]], who changed his mind after consulting his [[Assistant referee (association football)|assistant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com///sports/2008/aug/13afc.htm|title=India win AFC Challenge Cup|publisher=Rediff|date=13 August 2008|access-date=7 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905211810/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/aug/13afc.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008}}</ref> Hundreds of fans waited outside the stadium to greet India's new "[[poster child|poster boy]]" and India manager [[Bob Houghton]] stated, "He is remarkable, brave and honest. He never gives up."<ref name="Kashmiri hug in football's 24-yr moment" />

[[File:Ahmad Faisal - football - C.jpg|170px|thumb|right|alt=Sunil Chhetri tackling against Afghanistan.|Chhetri at the [[2011 SAFF Championship]].]]
Initially, Goal.com stated that Chhetri would miss the [[Nehru Cup International Football Tournament 2009|2009 Nehru Cup]] through injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2525/ongc-nehru-cup-09/2009/08/19/1448173/nehru-cup-probably-i-wont-play-sunil-chhetri|title=Nehru Cup: Probably I Won't Play – Sunil Chhetri|publisher=Goal.com|date=19 August 2009|access-date=24 August 2009|first=Amoy|last=Ghoshal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008192216/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2525/ongc-nehru-cup-09/2009/08/19/1448173/nehru-cup-probably-i-wont-play-sunil-chhetri|archive-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> He played in the tournament, however, and he scored in the second match of the Nehru Cup, a penalty in a 2–1 win over Kyrgyzstan,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1478 |title=India 2–1 Kyrgyzstan |publisher=Indianfootball.com |date=23 August 2009 |access-date=24 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826121758/http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1478 |archive-date=26 August 2009 }}</ref> this being first time he had completed a full match since getting injured before the pre-season tour of Spain with his club.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2525/ongc-nehru-cup-09/2009/08/24/1458817/nehru-cup-lets-win-nehru-cup-for-bhaichung-sunil-chhetri|title=Nehru Cup: Let's Win Nehru Cup For Bhaichung – Sunil Chhetri|publisher=Goal.com|date=24 August 2009|access-date=10 September 2009|first=Amoy|last=Ghoshal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827150706/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2525/ongc-nehru-cup-09/2009/08/24/1458817/nehru-cup-lets-win-nehru-cup-for-bhaichung-sunil-chhetri|archive-date=27 August 2009}}</ref> He featured in the other three games in the [[Round-robin tournament|round robin]] stage of the tournament, including the "{{Linktext|dress rehearsal}}" for the final against Syria, but did not score.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1475 |title=FULL TIME: India 0–1 Lebanon |publisher=IndianFootball.com |date=19 August 2009 |access-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822132017/http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1475 |archive-date=22 August 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1481 |title=FULL TIME: India 3–1 Sri Lanka |publisher=IndianFootball.com |date=26 August 2009 |access-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620051916/http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1481 |archive-date=20 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1484 |title=FULL TIME: India 0–1 Syria |publisher=IndianFootball.com |date=29 August 2009 |access-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901114344/http://www.indianfootball.com/en/news/articleId/1484 |archive-date=1 September 2009 }}</ref> Chhetri was one of India's scorers in the penalty shootout victory over Syria in the final after the match had ended in a 1–1 draw. He showed flashes of brilliance and scored the second goal in a 5–2 defeat at the hands of [[Bahrain national football team|Bahrain]] in the 2011 Asian Cup. He also scored a goal against [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] at the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref name="Forgettable">{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2642/player-ratings/2009/08/31/1472860/player-ratings-india-6-5-syria-1-1-aet|title=Player Ratings: India 6–5 Syria (1–1 AET)|publisher=Goal.com|date=31 August 2009|access-date=2 September 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902142034/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2642/player-ratings/2009/08/31/1472860/player-ratings-india-6-5-syria-1-1-aet|archive-date=2 September 2009}}</ref>

He was named the national team captain for the [[2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification]] which took place in Malaysia. On 16 November 2011 Chhetri scored in the 39th and 53rd minute for India against Malaysia in a friendly match played at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]]. The match ended 3–2 in favour of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=2835|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715081034/http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=2835|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|title = The AIFF}}</ref>
On 11 December 2011 after scoring a goal in SAFF Cup's final he set a new record by scoring seven goals in a single edition of the SAFF Championship surpassing [[I. M. Vijayan]]'s record of six goals in the 97 edition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-sports.org/football-soccer-1997-south-asian-saff-championship-epr95600.html|title=Football – Soccer – South Asian (SAFF) Championship – 1997|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201040306/https://www.the-sports.org/football-soccer-1997-south-asian-saff-championship-epr95600.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2012–2016 ===
[[File:Indian team.jpg|thumb|190px|Chhetri (''no 11'') lining up with teammates of the national team in 2012]]
On 22 August 2012, Chhetri scored a goal with a header in the added time of the first half against Syria in the first match of [[2012 Nehru Cup]] where India won the match 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bali|first=Rahul|title=India 2–1 Syria: Chhetri and Pereira get Koevermans off to a winning start|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/89418/india-vs-syria/report|publisher=goal.com|access-date=24 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824012105/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/89418/india-vs-syria/report|archive-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> In the second match, which was on 25 August he scored two goals against [[Maldives]], one goal coming from penalty where the team won 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=India vs Maldives Lineups and Statistics|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/89421/india-vs-maldives/lineup-stats|publisher=goal.com|access-date=26 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117041222/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/89421/india-vs-maldives/lineup-stats|archive-date=17 January 2014}}</ref> In the final against fancied opponents Cameroon, Chhetri scored from a well-taken penalty kick to equalize the score at 2–2. In the ensuing penalty shootout which India won 5–4, Chhetri went as the second kick-taker from India and scored.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/2012-nehru-cup-india-want-to-achieve-title-hattrick-but-cameroon-in-the-way|title=2012 Nehru Cup: India want to achieve title hattrick, but Cameroon in the way|date=2 September 2012 |access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809100450/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/2012-nehru-cup-india-want-to-achieve-title-hattrick-but-cameroon-in-the-way|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2017–2021 ===
[[File:Sunil Chhetri meleeVs Thailand AFC Asian Cup.jpg|thumb|left|alt=|Chhetri (centre) in a [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]] group match against [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]]]]
On 11 October 2017, Chhetri scored and assisted in a 4–1 home win against [[Macau national football team|Macau]] in the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers]], with this win they qualified for the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]] after missing out in [[2015 AFC Asian Cup|2015]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/news/sports/india-vs-macau-afc-asian-cup-qualifier-highlights-as-it-happened-1543443.html|title=India vs Macau, AFC Asian Cup Qualifier, Highlights: As It Happened|date=11 October 2017|work=News18|access-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232835/http://www.news18.com/news/sports/india-vs-macau-afc-asian-cup-qualifier-highlights-as-it-happened-1543443.html|archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> Chhetri captained India to a 13 match unbeaten run before losing the final match to [[Kyrgyzstan]]. Nonetheless, India qualified for the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]]. He was among four renowned Asian players including [[Ali Daei]], [[Sun Jihai]] and [[Phil Younghusband]] to be chosen for the seeds for the upcoming Asian cup.
[[File:Sunil Chhetri vs Thailand 2019.jpg|130px|thumb|right|alt=|Chhetri (left) at the 2019 AFC Asian Cup]]
In June 2018, Chhetri scored a hat-trick in a 5–0 win over [[Chinese Taipei national football team|Chinese Taipei]] in their first match of [[2018 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2018 Intercontinental Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/sunil-chhetri-hits-hat-trick-india-sink-chinese-taipei-5-0-in-intercontinental-cup/story-wC1WrZ2fdXxLu8U7DqXt5M.html |title= Sunil Chhetri hits hat-trick, India sink Chinese Taipei 5–0 in Intercontinental Cup |publisher= Hindustan Times |date= 11 June 2018 |access-date= 11 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143107/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/sunil-chhetri-hits-hat-trick-india-sink-chinese-taipei-5-0-in-intercontinental-cup/story-wC1WrZ2fdXxLu8U7DqXt5M.html |archive-date= 12 June 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> However, after this match, Chhetri was disappointed with the poor turnout at the stadium and he uploaded a video on [[Twitter]] requesting people to come to [[Mumbai Football Arena]] to support the Indian team. His video went viral and garnered widespread support from fans, celebrities and legendary [[cricketers]] like [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Virat Kohli]]. The stadium was packed with exuberant crowd for the rest of the matches. In the second match of the tournament, which was also Chhetri's 100th international appearance for India and also scored two goals including a goal from penalty spot in a 3–0 victory over [[Kenya national football team|Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/india-vs-kenya-live-score-football-intercontinental-cup-sunil-chhetri-live-streaming-5203614|title=India vs Kenya Football Highlights Intercontinental Cup: Sunil Chhetri's brace earns India 3–0 victory|date=5 June 2018|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162809/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/india-vs-kenya-live-score-football-intercontinental-cup-sunil-chhetri-live-streaming-5203614/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Chhetri scored a goal in the next match against [[New Zealand men's national football team|New Zealand]], but the match ended 2–1 loss for India though India qualified for the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/intercontinental-cup-2018-india-vs-new-zealand-3-things-that-went-wrong-for-sunil-chhetri-and-co|title=Intercontinental Cup 2018: India vs New Zealand, 3 things that went wrong for Sunil Chhetri and co|date=8 June 2018 |publisher=Sportskeeda|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144207/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/intercontinental-cup-2018-india-vs-new-zealand-3-things-that-went-wrong-for-sunil-chhetri-and-co|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 June, Chhetri scored twice again in a 2–0 win over Kenya in the final to win the Intercontinental Cup title and also equalled [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]'s [[Lionel Messi]]'s tally of 64 international goals, making him the joint-second active international goalscorer at that time in front of [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]]'s [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/india-thrash-kenya-2-0-to-lift-intercontinental-cup-1865344|title=India Thrash Kenya 2–0 To Lift Intercontinental Cup|newspaper=Ndtvsports.com |publisher=NDTV|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611000011/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/india-thrash-kenya-2-0-to-lift-intercontinental-cup-1865344|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He finished as the top scorer of the tournament with eight goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/india-win-2018-intercontinental-cup-final-kenya-mumbai/130u9ampl52hw1jwjfmabqpjec|title=India win 2018 Intercontinental Cup|publisher=Goal.com|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612114910/http://www.goal.com/en/news/india-win-2018-intercontinental-cup-final-kenya-mumbai/130u9ampl52hw1jwjfmabqpjec|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Chhetri's brace against [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]] on 6 January 2019 helped India to get a historic 4–1 win over them in the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=AFC Asian Cup 2019 Highlights: India stuns Thailand 4–1|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/asian-cup-2019/afc-2019-india-thailand-highlights-score-updates-commentary-todays-match-team-news-chhetri-penalty-goal-thapa-jeje/article25925449.ece|access-date=7 June 2021|website=Sportstar|date=6 January 2019 |language=en|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607163637/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/asian-cup-2019/afc-2019-india-thailand-highlights-score-updates-commentary-todays-match-team-news-chhetri-penalty-goal-thapa-jeje/article25925449.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 June 2021, Chhetri scored twice in a 2–0 win over [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh]] in the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]].<ref>{{cite web|date=7 June 2021|title=India vs Bangladesh Live Score, FIFA World Cup 2022 Qualifier: IND 2–0 BAN, FT|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/india-vs-bangladesh-fifa-2022-world-cup-qualifier-live-score-updates-7348085/|access-date=7 June 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607162649/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/india-vs-bangladesh-fifa-2022-world-cup-qualifier-live-score-updates-7348085/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 October 2021, he scored twice again in a 3–1 win over [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]] in the [[2021 SAFF Championship]], making him the joint-sixth all time international goalscorer at that time,<ref>{{cite web|title=SAFF Championship 2021: India down Maldives to set up final date against Nepal {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/live/india-vs-maldives-saff-championship-2021-live/1rfroafi8ouw1cy0x31nu0j5x|access-date=13 October 2021|website=Goal.com|archive-date=13 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013205655/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/live/india-vs-maldives-saff-championship-2021-live/1rfroafi8ouw1cy0x31nu0j5x|url-status=live}}</ref> and the third highest active international goalscorer in football, behind only to Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's Sunil Chhetri breaks Pele's international goal record after brace against Maldives |url=https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/indias-sunil-chhetri-breaks-pele-record-after-brace-against/1j59mj9i6c6uv1vka8ebds98a2 |access-date=13 October 2021 |date=13 October 2021 |website=Goal.com |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028173520/https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/indias-sunil-chhetri-breaks-pele-record-after-brace-against/1j59mj9i6c6uv1vka8ebds98a2 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 October 2021, he scored again in a 3–0 win over [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]] in the final of the [[2021 SAFF Championship]], equalling Messi's 80 international goals.<ref>{{cite web |title=India Blank Nepal 3–0, Win SAAF Championship For 8th Time; Sunil Chhetri Equals Lionel Messi With 80 Goals |url=https://www.india.com/sports/india-blank-nepal-3-0-win-saaf-championship-for-8th-time-sunil-chhetri-equals-lionel-messi-with-80-goals-5057130/ |access-date=16 October 2021 |date=16 October 2021 |website=India.com |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016172812/https://www.india.com/sports/india-blank-nepal-3-0-win-saaf-championship-for-8th-time-sunil-chhetri-equals-lionel-messi-with-80-goals-5057130/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2022–2024 ===
Due to some injuries after [[2021–22 Indian Super League]] season, Sunil was not able to participate for International friendlies against [[Bahrain national football team|Bahrain]] and [[Belarus national football team|Belarus]] which were held in March 2022. Then he made his appearance against [[Jordan national football team|Jordan]] in an international friendly fixture which was played as a part of preparing for [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2023 AFC Asian Cup Qualifiers]] which was going to be held in June 2022.
On 8 June 2022, Chhetri played against [[Cambodia national football team|Cambodia]] in [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2023 AFC Asian Cup Qualifiers]] where he scored a brace, from a penalty spot and a header from a cross from [[Brandon Fernandes]], by which [[Indian National Football Team|India]] won 2–0 in [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|Salt Lake Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/chhetri-scores-brace-as-india-beats-cambodia-in-afc-asian-cup-qualifier/article65508529.ece| access-date=9 June 2022| title=Chhetri scores brace as India beats Cambodia in AFC Asian Cup qualifier| website=[[The Hindu]]| date=9 June 2022| last1=Sharma| first1=Amitabha Das| archive-date=9 August 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809100501/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/chhetri-scores-brace-as-india-beats-cambodia-in-afc-asian-cup-qualifier/article65508529.ece| url-status=live}}</ref> In the next match against [[Afghanistan national football team|Afghanistan]], he scored from a freekick taking his international goals tally to 83. India won 2–1 in the match. Chhetri scored his 84th goal against Hong Kong in a 4–0 win in the next match.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-sunil-chhetri-and-sahal-score-as-india-beats-afghanistan-2-1/article38502201.ece | title=AFC Asian Cup qualifiers: Chhetri and Sahal score as India beats Afghanistan 2–1 | date=11 June 2022 | access-date=12 June 2022 | archive-date=12 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612113133/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-sunil-chhetri-and-sahal-score-as-india-beats-afghanistan-2-1/article38502201.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/14/asia/asian-cup-qualification/india/hong-kong/3757742/|title=India 4–0 Hong Kong|website=Soccerway|date=14 June 2022}}</ref> India qualified for the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]] with Chettri becoming the top scorer in the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|third round]] of the qualifiers with 4 goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4685410/india-qualify-for-2023-asian-cup|access-date=14 June 2022|title=India qualify for 2023 Asian Cup, set for first back-to-back appearances|date=14 June 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614074151/https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4685410/india-qualify-for-2023-asian-cup|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Sunil Chhetri receiving award from Naveen Patnaik in 2024.jpg|thumb|[[Odisha]] CM [[Naveen Patnaik]] handing the [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2023 Intercontinental Cup]] trophy to Sunil Chhetri.]]
On 28 March, Chhetri scored his 85th goal against [[Kyrgyzstan national football team|Kyrgyzstan]] in the tri-nation friendly and overtook [[Ferenc Puskás]] to become the fifth-highest international goalscorer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Triyasha |date=28 March 2023 |title=India vs Kyrgyz Republic Highlights: Sunil Chhetri BREAKS Puskas RECORD, India win Tri-Nation Friendly Tournament- Watch Highlights |url=https://www.insidesport.in/football-india-vs-kyrgyz-republic-live-streaming-blue-tigers-square-off-kyrgyzstan-for-tri-nation-triumph-check-preview-team-news-predicted-xi-follow-tri-nation-friendly-live/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=www.insidesport.in |language=en-US |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328145405/https://www.insidesport.in/football-india-vs-kyrgyz-republic-live-streaming-blue-tigers-square-off-kyrgyzstan-for-tri-nation-triumph-check-preview-team-news-predicted-xi-follow-tri-nation-friendly-live/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 June, Chhetri scored the opening goal of a 2–0 win over [[Lebanon national football team|Lebanon]] in the final of the 2023 [[Hero MotoCorp|Hero]] Intercontinental Cup, thus contributing decisively to help India win the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/champions-chhetri-and-his-knights-make-it-a-momentous-night-for-india |title=Champions! Chhetri and his knights make it a momentous night for India |language=en |website=www.the-aiff.com |date=18 June 2023 |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618173241/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/champions-chhetri-and-his-knights-make-it-a-momentous-night-for-india |url-status=live }}</ref> Chhetri was the joint-top scorer of the tournament with two goals alongside fellow teammate [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das Sharma |first1=Amitabha |title=India beats Lebanon to win Intercontinental Cup title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-win-intercontinental-cup-title-lebanon-score-result-goals-highlights-chhetri/article66983483.ece |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618181952/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-win-intercontinental-cup-title-lebanon-score-result-goals-highlights-chhetri/article66983483.ece|archive-date=18 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 June, Chhetri scored his 4th hat-trick for India in a 4–0 win over Pakistan in a group stage match of the [[2023 SAFF Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-hat-trick-in-indias-4-0-rout-of-pakistan-101687370000350.html |title=Sunil Chhetri hat-trick in India's 4–0 rout of Pakistan |language=en |website=www.hindustantimes.com |date=21 June 2023 |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624010744/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-hat-trick-in-indias-4-0-rout-of-pakistan-101687370000350.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His third goal of the night was his 90th international goal, thus overtaking [[Mokhtar Dahari]]'s tally of 89 goals to become the second-highest Asian goalscorer in international football only behind [[Ali Daei]] of Iran, and the third among active players after Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-breaks-international-goalscoring-record-to-move-closer-to-lionel-messi-2023-06-22-877304 |title=India vs Pakistan, SAFF Cup 2023: Sunil Chhetri moves close to Lionel Messi's record after hat-trick |language=en |website=www.indiatvnews.com |date=21 June 2023 |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623112259/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-breaks-international-goalscoring-record-to-move-closer-to-lionel-messi-2023-06-22-877304 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Retirement and comeback ===
On 16 May 2024, Chhetri posted a video on his social media handle of [[Twitter|X]], that the match against [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]] for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round#IND v KUW|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]] on 6 June at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in Kolkata, would be his last international match of his career.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=Sunil Chhetri |author-link=Sunil Chhetri |user=chetrisunil11 |number=1790953336901976541 |title=I'd like to say something.|date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250306185417/https://x.com/chetrisunil11/status/1790953336901976541 |archive-date=6 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sunil Chhetri: Indian football icon announces retirement from sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-69019411 |access-date=6 March 2025 |work=[[BBC]] |date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306174900/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-69019411 |archive-date=6 March 2025}}</ref> However on 6 March 2025, [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] officially mentioned Chhetri in the 26 member squad for March 2025 [[FIFA International Match Calendar|FIFA Window]]. It was revealed that, the then newly appointed head coach, [[Manolo Márquez]] requested Chhetri about making a comeback to strengthen the National Team for the third round of the [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification]], which he had agreed upon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manolo Márquez includes Sunil Chhetri in squad list for March FIFA Window |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/manolo-marquez-includes-sunil-chhetri-in-squad-list-for-march-fifa-window |publisher=AIFF |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306175015/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/manolo-marquez-includes-sunil-chhetri-in-squad-list-for-march-fifa-window |archive-date=6 March 2025 |date=6 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In his first match following his return, Chhetri scored against [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]], heading in a [[Liston Colaco]] cross in the 75th minute. This was the third and final goal of the match, which eventually ended 3–0 to the Blue Tigers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-vs-maldives-today-football-match-live-score-updates-sunil-chhetri-2695882-2025-03-19|title=India vs Maldives, football Full Time: Chhetri, Bheke Colaco hand hosts 3–0 win|date=19 March 2025|website=India Today}}</ref>

Following an unsuccessful [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] campaign, Chhetri confirmed he had ended his national team career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/sunil-chhetri-calls-time-on-india-career/articleshow/125142510.cms|title=Sunil Chhetri calls time on India career: 'At 42, it’s not easy'|date=7 November 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> His last match for the national team proved to be a 2–1 loss to [[Singapore national football team|Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-fail-to-qualify-for-2027-afc-asian-cup-after-1-2-loss-to-singapore/articleshow/124566924.cms|title=India fail to qualify for 2027 AFC Asian Cup after 1-2 loss to Singapore|date=15 October 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sunil Chhetri was born on 3 August 1984 to [[Indian Gorkha]] father K. B. Chhetri, an officer in the [[Indian Army Corps of EME|Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers]] of the [[Indian Army]], and [[Nepalis|Nepalese mother]] Sushila Chhetri in [[Secunderabad]], India.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2021|title=Happy Birthday Sunil Chhetri: 5 Interesting Facts About The Indian Football Captain|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/happy-birthday-sunil-chhetri-5-interesting-facts-about-the-indian-football-captain-4039208.html|access-date=3 August 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803102203/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/happy-birthday-sunil-chhetri-5-interesting-facts-about-the-indian-football-captain-4039208.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SWProfile"/><ref name="Sunil Chhetri: A thinking footballer">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Sunil-Chhetri-A-thinking-footballer/articleshow/6239829.cms |title=Sunil Chhetri: A thinking footballer |last=Dsouza |first=Stanislaus P |work=The Times of India |date=31 July 2010 |access-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803214915/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Sunil-Chhetri-A-thinking-footballer/articleshow/6239829.cms |archive-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sunil Chhetri's 32nd birthday: Lesser known facts about the Indian football team captain">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/sunil-chhetri-facts-332455-2016-08-03 |title=Sunil Chhetri's 32nd birthday: Lesser known facts about the Indian football team captain |work=IndiaToday.in |date=3 August 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118081818/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/sunil-chhetri-facts/1/455820.html |archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> His father played football for the [[Army Red (football team)|Indian Army football team]] while his mother and her twin sister played for the [[Nepal women's national football team|Nepal women's national team]].<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Indian star's soccer journey leads to K.C.|url=http://espnfc.com/feature?id=784787&cc=5901|publisher=[[ESPN]]|first=Leander|last=Schaerlaeckens|date=10 May 2010|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308005442/http://www.espnfc.com/story/784787/sunil-chhetri|archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref> He spent most of his childhood in [[Darjeeling]]. Chhetri spent his childhood at Pashupati Fatak when he was a student of Bethany School, Darjeeling.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pashupati Fatak, the childhood home of Indian football icon Sunil Chettri |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/pashupati-fatak-the-childhood-home-of-indian-football-icon-sunil-chettri |access-date=5 September 2023 |website=Sikkimexpress |language=en |archive-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220132133/https://www.sikkimexpress.com/pashupati-fatak-the-childhood-home-of-indian-football-icon-sunil-chettri |url-status=live }}</ref> He started playing football from a young age taking part in various tournaments.<ref name="Sunil Chhetri's mum is a former Nepali international">{{cite web|title=Sunil Chhetri's mum is a former Nepali international: Interview with Sunil Chhetri|url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=2013|work=Goal Nepal|date=29 April 2010|access-date=19 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201155643/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=2013|archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Chhetri speaks five languages fluently: English, Hindi, Nepali, Bengali and Kannada. He can also understand some Telugu, Marathi and Konkani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/shorts/80iW69t37Gs?si=I4WXpeBOyUt3Vuw0|title=What languages does #Sunil Chhetri Speak?|website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=5 September 2023|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905213824/https://www.youtube.com/shorts/80iW69t37Gs?si=I4WXpeBOyUt3Vuw0|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi felicitating the Indian football legends, at the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup match, in New Delhi on October 06, 2017 (2).jpg|thumb|Chhetri being felicitated by the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]], at the beginning of [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] in [[New Delhi]].]]
On 4 December 2017, Chhetri married his long time girlfriend Sonam Bhattacharya who is the daughter of former Indian international and [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] player [[Subrata Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/sunil-chhetri-sonam-bhattacharya-wedding-mohun-bagan-bengaluru-fc-1100393-2017-12-04|title=Sunil Chhetri marries long-time girlfriend Sonam Bhattacharya|access-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231740/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sunil-chhetri-sonam-bhattacharya-wedding-mohun-bagan-bengaluru-fc/1/1103275.html|archive-date=4 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ডিফেন্সে থাকলে কীভাবে আটকাতেন জামাই সুনীলকে? জামাইষষ্ঠীর আগে টোটকা সুব্রতর|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/how-he-will-stop-son-in-law-sunil-chhetri-subrata-bhattacharya-replied/|publisher=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]|website=sangbadpratidin.in|date=10 June 2021|access-date=2 October 2022|first1=Abhisek|last1=Rakshit|first2=Soham|last2=Dey|language=bn|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120060553/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/how-he-will-stop-son-in-law-sunil-chhetri-subrata-bhattacharya-replied/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sunil Chhetri was named an 'Asian Icon' by AFC on his 34th birthday in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Icons: Sunil Chhetri|url=http://www.the-afc.com/features/asian-icons-sunil-chhetri|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719092902/http://www.the-afc.com/features/asian-icons-sunil-chhetri|archive-date=19 July 2019|access-date=12 August 2018|website=www.the-afc.com}}</ref> He signed a 3-year deal with global sports giant [[Puma (brand)|Puma]] starting from 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/starlife/sunil-chhetri-signs-three-year-deal-with-puma-indian-football-team-bengaluru-fc/article30265041.ece|title=Sunil Chhetri signs three-year deal with Puma|last=PTI|website=Sportstar|date=10 December 2019 |language=en|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230101202/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/starlife/sunil-chhetri-signs-three-year-deal-with-puma-indian-football-team-bengaluru-fc/article30265041.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 September 2022, [[FIFA]] launched a documentary on FIFA+, of three episodes named 'Captain Fantastic', which documents his pre-teen anguish, his debut for India aged 20, his romance with his future wife and his early days and peak as a football player.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/series/1ieRgLbXaPkBeRzZWbKYCo/4OC0gmDobIAJEBmvscvrPo/5ts0Ve3KyJEyIVNhl8ZnTf |title=FIFA+ |access-date=28 September 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928111615/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/series/1ieRgLbXaPkBeRzZWbKYCo/4OC0gmDobIAJEBmvscvrPo/5ts0Ve3KyJEyIVNhl8ZnTf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/fifa-launches-three-episode-series-on-life-career-of-legendary-footballer-sunil-chhetri-3384907 | title=FIFA Launches Three-Episode Series on Life, Career of Legendary Footballer Sunil Chhetri | Football News | newspaper=Ndtvsports.com | access-date=28 September 2022 | archive-date=28 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928111617/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/fifa-launches-three-episode-series-on-life-career-of-legendary-footballer-sunil-chhetri-3384907 | url-status=live }}</ref> The 39-year-old footballer welcomed his son Dhruv with his wife Sonam Bhattacharya on 31 August 2023.

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|match played 27 February 2026}}

{| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup{{efn|Includes [[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]], [[Durand Cup]], [[Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup|U.S. Open Cup]], [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Continental{{efn|Includes [[AFC Cup]], [[AFC Champions League]]}}
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|City Club Delhi
|[[2001–02 National Football League (India)|2001–02]]
|[[Delhi Football League#Delhi Premier League|Delhi Premier League]]
|colspan="2" |— ||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Mohun Bagan]]
|[[2002–03 National Football League (India)|2002–03]]
|[[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
|–||4|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—{{efn|Mohun Bagan participated in the [[2002–03 AFC Champions League qualification]], but Chhetri's stats are unknown.}}|| 10{{efn|Nine appearances and three goals [[Calcutta Football League]], one appearance and one goal in [[All Airlines Gold Cup]]}}|| 4||–||8
|-
|[[2003–04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]]
|National Football League
|–||2|| 3|| 0|| colspan="2" |—||18{{efn|Ten appearances and three goals in Calcutta Football League, four appearances and one goal in All Airlines Gold Cup, four appearances in [[IFA Shield]]}}||4||–||6
|-
|[[2004–05 National Football League (India)|2004–05]]
|National Football League
|–||4|| 8|| 3|| colspan="2" |—|| 15{{efn|Twelve appearances and six goals in Calcutta Football League, three appearances and one goal in IFA Shield}}|| 7||–||14
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!18!!10!!11!!3!! colspan="2" |—!!43!!15!!72!!28
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[JCT FC|JCT]]
|[[2005–06 National Football League (India)|2005–06]]
|National Football League
|–||3||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||–||3
|-
|[[2006–07 National Football League (India)|2006–07]]
|National Football League
|–||11||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||–||11
|-
|[[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]]
|Rowspan="1"|[[I-League]]
|–||7||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2"|— ||–||7
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!48!!21!!colspan="2" |—!!colspan="2" |—!!colspan="2"|—!!48!!21
|-
|[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|[[2008–09 East Bengal FC season|2008–09]]
|I-League
|17||9||4||2||colspan="2" |—||5{{efn|name=CFL|Appearance(s) in Calcutta Football League}}||2||26||13
|-
|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|[[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]]
|I-League
|13||8||6||1||colspan="2" |—||5{{efn|name=GPL|Appearance(s) in [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]}}||4||24||13
|-
|[[Kansas City Wizards]]
|[[2010 Major League Soccer season|2010]]
|[[Major League Soccer|MLS]]
|0||0||1||0||colspan="2" |—||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[United SC|Chirag United]]
|[[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]
|I-League
|7||7||0||0||colspan="2" |—||0||0||7||7
|-
|Mohun Bagan
|[[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]]
|I-League
|14||5||2||1||colspan="2" |—||2{{efn|name=CFL}}||1||18||7
|-
|[[Sporting CP B]]
|[[2012–13 Segunda Liga|2012–13]]
|[[Liga Portugal 2]]
|3||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||0||0||3||0
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] (loan)
|[[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]
|I-League
|8||4||0||0||5||2||4{{efn|name=GPL}}||2||17||8
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2013–14 Bengaluru FC season|2013–14]]
|I-League
|23||14||3||1|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||26||15
|-
|[[2014–15 Bengaluru FC season|2014–15]]
|I-League
|20||2||9||9||6||3||colspan="2" |—||35||14
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!43!!16!!12!!10!!6!!3!!0!!0!!61!!29
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|[[2015 Mumbai City FC season|2015]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|11||7||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan="2" |—||11||7
|-
|[[2016 Mumbai City FC season|2016]]
|Indian Super League
|4||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2016 Indian Super League playoffs|2016 ISL playoffs]]}}
|0||6||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!15!!7!!0!!0!!0!!0!!2!!0!!17
!7
|-
|Bengaluru (loan)
|[[2015–16 Bengaluru FC season|2015–16]]
|I-League
|14||5||2||1||4||3||colspan="2" |—||20||9
|-
| rowspan="11" |Bengaluru
|[[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|2016–17]]
|I-League
|16||7||3||0||11||5||colspan="2" |—||30||12
|-
|[[2017–18 Bengaluru FC season|2017–18]]
|Indian Super League
|18||10||4||6||8||4||3{{efn|Appearances in [[2018 Indian Super League playoffs|2018 ISL playoffs]]}}
|4||33||24
|-
|[[2018–19 Bengaluru FC season|2018–19]]
|Indian Super League
|16||8||1||1||2||0||3{{efn|Appearances in [[2019 Indian Super League playoffs|2019 ISL playoffs]]}}
|1||22||10
|-
|[[2019–20 Bengaluru FC season|2019–20]]
|Indian Super League
|15||9|| colspan="2" |—||2||2||2{{efn|Appearances in [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|2020 ISL playoffs]]}}
|0||19||11
|-
|[[2020–21 Bengaluru FC season|2020–21]]
|Indian Super League
|20||8||colspan=2|—||1||1|| colspan="2" |—||21||9
|-
|[[2021–22 Bengaluru FC season|2021–22]]
|Indian Super League
|20||4||0||0||3||0|| colspan="2" |—||23||4
|-
|[[2022–23 Bengaluru FC season|2022–23]]
|Indian Super League
|17||2||12||5|| colspan="2" |—||4{{efn|Appearances in [[2023 Indian Super League playoffs|2023 ISL playoffs]]}}
|3||33||10
|-
|[[2023–24 Bengaluru FC season|2023–24]]
|Indian Super League
|20||5||0||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||20||5
|-
|[[2024–25 Bengaluru FC season|2024–25]]
|Indian Super League
|24||12||5||3|| colspan="2" |—||4{{efn|Appearances in [[2025 Indian Super League playoffs|2025 ISL playoffs]]}}
|2||33||17
|-
|[[2025–26 Bengaluru FC season|2025–26]]
|Indian Super League
|3
|1
|3
|2
| colspan="2" |–
| colspan="2" |–
|6
|3
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!169!!66!!28!!17!!27!!12!!16!!10!!240
!105
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!369!!158!!66!!35!!42!!20!!77!!34!!554!!247
|}{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{Main|List of international goals scored by Sunil Chhetri}}

{{updated|14 October 2025}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=12944|name=Sunil Chhetri|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |National team
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="2" |Competetive
! colspan="2" |Friendly
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="21" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2005
| colspan="2" |–
|5
|1||5||1
|-
|2006
|1{{efn|Appearance in [[2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]}}
|0
| colspan="2" |–||1||0
|-
|2007
|2{{efn|Appearances in [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}
|2
|5
|4||7||6
|-
|2008
|10{{efn|Five appearances and two goals in [[2008 SAFF Championship]], five appearances and four goals in [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup]]}}
|6
|3
|2||13||8
|-
|2009
| colspan="2" |–
|6
|1||6||1
|-
|2010
| colspan="2" |–
|6
|3||6||3
|-
|2011
|12{{efn|Three appearances and two goals in [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]], two appearances and one goal in [[2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification]], two appearances in [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]], five appearances and seven goals in [[2011 SAFF Championship]]}}
|10
|5
|3||17||13
|-
|2012
|3{{efn|Appearances in [[2012 AFC Challenge Cup]]}}
|0
|5
|4||8||4
|-
|2013
|7{{efn|Three appearances and two goals in [[2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification]], four appearances and one goal in [[2013 SAFF Championship]]}}
|3
|4
|2||11||5
|-
|2014
| colspan="2" |–
|2
|3||2||3
|-
|2015
|11{{efn|Eight appearances and four goals in [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]], three appearances and two goals in [[2015 SAFF Championship]]}}
|6
|1
|0||12||6
|-
|2016
|3{{efn|One appearance and one goal in [[2015 SAFF Championship]], two appearances in [[2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]}}
|1
|1
|1||4||2
|-
|2017
|5{{efn|Appearances in [[2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]}}
|4
|1
|1||6||5
|-
|2018
| colspan="2" |–
|6
|8||6||8
|-
|2019
|7{{efn|Three appearances and two goals in [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]], four appearances and one goal in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}
|3
|4
|4||11||7
|-
|2020
| colspan="4" |–||0||0
|-
|2021
|8{{efn|Three appearances and two goals in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]], five appearances and five goals in [[2021 SAFF Championship]]}}
|7
|2
|1||10||8
|-
|2022
|3{{efn|Appearances in [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]}}
|4
|3
|0||6||4
|-
|2023
|7{{efn|Five appearances and five goals in [[2023 SAFF Championship]], two appearances in [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}
|5
|7
|4||14||9
|-
|2024
|6{{efn|Three appearances in [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]], three appearances and one goal in [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}
|1
| colspan="2" |–||6||1
|-
|2025
|4{{efn|Appearances in [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]}}
|0
|2
|1||6||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!89
!52
!68
!43!!157!!95
|}{{notelist}}

== Honours ==
'''Dempo'''
* [[I-League]]: [[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]]

'''Churchill Brothers'''
* I-League: [[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]

'''Bengaluru'''
* [[Indian Super League]]: [[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
* I-League: [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]
* [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|2014–15]], [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|2016–17]]
* [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]: [[2018 Indian Super Cup|2018]]
* [[Durand Cup]]: [[2022 Durand Cup|2022]]
* [[AFC Cup]] runner-up: [[2016 AFC Cup|2016]]
* Puttaiah Memorial Cup: 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/bengaluru-fc-drub-asc-clinch-2231733|title=Bengaluru FC drub ASC to clinch Puttaiah Memorial|archive-date=24 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424051536/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/bengaluru-fc-drub-asc-clinch-2231733|date=21 December 2014|agency=DHNS|access-date=26 November 2023|website=deccanherald.com|publisher=The Deccan Herald}}</ref>

'''India'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments#|title=Indian Football Down the Years: Looking back at the glorious moments|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|language=en|trans-title=|location=New Delhi|agency=|date=15 August 2022|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921011335/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments}}</ref>
* [[AFC Challenge Cup]]: [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup|2008]]
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011]], [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015]], [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]; runner-up: [[2008 SAFF Championship|2008]], [[2013 SAFF Championship|2013]]
* [[Nehru Cup]]: [[2007 Nehru Cup|2007]], [[2009 Nehru Cup|2009]], [[2012 Nehru Cup|2012]]
* [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2018 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2018]], [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2023]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]

'''India U20'''
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] silver medal: [[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004]]

'''Individual'''
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2011 to Shri Sunil Chhetri for Football, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2011.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|[[Pratibha Patil]], then-president of India, presenting the [[Arjuna Award]] to Chhetri in 2011.]]
* [[AIFF Player of the Year]]: 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018–19,<ref>{{cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=Sunil Chhetri and Ashalata Devi bag top honours at AIFF Awards|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football-aiff-awards-sunil-chhetri-ashalata-devi-dangmei-grace-sahad-abdul-samad-jammu-and-kashmir-football/article28332935.ece|date=9 July 2019|access-date=25 March 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027045433/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football-aiff-awards-sunil-chhetri-ashalata-devi-dangmei-grace-sahad-abdul-samad-jammu-and-kashmir-football/article28332935.ece|language=en}}</ref> 2021–22<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunil Chhetri, Manisha Kalyan bag AIFF Footballer of the Year awards|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-manisha-kalyan-bags-aiff-footballer-of-the-year-award-1.7771016#:~:text=09%20August%202022%2C%2002%3A23%20PM%20IST&text=Sunil%20Chhetri%20bagged%20the%20All,by%20any%20player%20in%20history.|access-date=9 August 2022|website=english.mathrubhumi.com|publisher=Mathrubhumi Sports|location=[[Kozhikode]], Kerala|date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809095258/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-manisha-kalyan-bags-aiff-footballer-of-the-year-award-1.7771016|archive-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[FPAI Indian Player of the Year]]: 2009, 2018, 2019, 2020
* [[SAFF Championship]] Player of the Tournament: [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011]], [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015]], [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]
* [[SAFF Championship]] Top Scorer: [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011]], [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]
* Hero of the [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2018 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2018]]
* Hero of the [[I-League]]: [[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite news|title=There was little competition for the 'Best Striker Award' as Aser Pierrick Dipanda Dicka of Shillong Lajong grabbed the award|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chhetri-voted-best-player-of-i-league-117050201030_1.html|access-date=2 May 2017|work=Business Standard|date=2 May 2017|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625021517/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chhetri-voted-best-player-of-i-league-117050201030_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/10600-sunil-chhetri-wins-the-hero-of-the-league-award|title=Chhetri, Khalid, Dipanda among others win individual I-League awards|website=thefangarage.com|publisher=The Fan Garage|date=2 May 2017|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=30 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630214135/https://thefangarage.com/articles/10600-sunil-chhetri-wins-the-hero-of-the-league-award}}</ref>
* [[I-League Golden Boot]]: [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]]
*[[Indian Super League Hero of the League|Hero of the Indian Super League]]: [[2017–18 Indian Super League|2017–18]]
* [[2018 Indian Super Cup]]: Golden Boot
* [[Indian Sports Honours]]: Sportsman of the Year 2019 (team sports)
* Football Ratna Award (first recipient) by [[Football Delhi]]: 18 February 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=FOOTBALL RATNA' AWARD FOR SUNIL CHHETRI |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9478 |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=AIFF |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219191744/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9478 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[The Times of India]]'' TOISA Best Footballer: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|title=TOISA 2021: Neeraj Chopra headlines the list of winners|date=14 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2022|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026215006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|archive-date=26 October 2022|location=New Delhi|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
'''Other'''
*Leading up to the [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 World Cup]], [[FIFA]] honoured Chhetri on the occasion by releasing three documentary episodes about his life and career for becoming the third-highest male international goalscorer in the world among active players.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-sunil-chhetri-captain-fantastic-series-fifa-honour|title=FIFA makes video series on Indian football icon Sunil Chhetri|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130060752/https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-sunil-chhetri-captain-fantastic-series-fifa-honour|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/fifa-pays-tribute-to-india-legend-sunil-chhetri-with-three-part-series-you-know-about-cristiano-ronaldo-and-lionel-messi-now-get-101664351223506.html#:~:text=FIFA%20shared%20a%20graphic%20of,tribute%20to%20the%20India%20captain.&text=Indian%20football%20team%20captain%20Sunil,active%20players%20in%20international%20matches.|title='You know about Ronaldo and Messi, now get...'|date=28 September 2022 |access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205152922/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/fifa-pays-tribute-to-india-legend-sunil-chhetri-with-three-part-series-you-know-about-cristiano-ronaldo-and-lionel-messi-now-get-101664351223506.html#:~:text=FIFA%20shared%20a%20graphic%20of,tribute%20to%20the%20India%20captain.&text=Indian%20football%20team%20captain%20Sunil,active%20players%20in%20international%20matches.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/fifa-honours-india-football-captain-sunil-chhetri-with-three-part-series-1.90908592|title=Fifa honours India football captain Sunil Chhetri with three-part series|date=28 September 2022 |access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205152924/https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/fifa-honours-india-football-captain-sunil-chhetri-with-three-part-series-1.90908592|url-status=live}}</ref>
* AFC Asian Icon: 3 August 2018
* [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]]: Favourite Player (voted by fans)
* [[AFC Cup]] All-time XI (The Strikers): Inductee (2021)<ref>[https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/afc-cup-all-time-best-xi-the-strikers AFC Cup All-time XI:The Strikers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327173645/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/afc-cup-all-time-best-xi-the-strikers |date=27 March 2021 }} ''the-afc.com''. Retrieved 28 March 2021</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-named-among-13-strikers-to-choose-all-time-best-three-in-afc-cup/articleshow/81723770.cms|title=Sunil Chhetri named among 13 strikers to choose all-time best three in AFC Cup|access-date=28 March 2021|website=The Times of India|date=27 March 2021 |archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-named-among-13-strikers-to-choose-all-time-best-three-in-afc-cup/articleshow/81723770.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Awards and accolades'''
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, 2021 to Shri Sunil Chhetri for Football, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 13 November 2021.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, 2021 to Shri Sunil Chhetri for Football, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 13 November 2021|[[Ram Nath Kovind]], then-president of India, presenting the [[Khel Ratna Award]] to Chhetri in 2021.]]
* [[List of Arjuna Award recipients (2010–2019)|2011]] − [[Arjuna Award]], by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arjuna Award an inspiration: Chhetri |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/arjuna-award-an-inspiration-chhetri/article2408978.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2011 |access-date=27 June 2019 |archive-date=4 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704180728/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/arjuna-award-an-inspiration-chhetri/article2408978.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS – Football {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|archive-date=25 December 2007|access-date=25 December 2007|website=yas.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf}}</ref>
* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2010–2019)|2019]] − [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian honour of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/260119/three-persons-from-telangana-andhra-pradesh-sunil-chhetri-get-padma.html|title=Three persons from Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Sunil Chhetri get Padma Shri awards|last=Kumar|first=Coreena Suares, Suresh Kavirayani and K. Kalyan Krishna|date=26 January 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126091705/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/260119/three-persons-from-telangana-andhra-pradesh-sunil-chhetri-get-padma.html|archive-date=26 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2021 – [[Khel Ratna Award]], the highest sporting honour of India.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|last2=|last3=|first3=|date=3 November 2021|title=Sunil Chhetri, football's first Khel Ratna awardee, says it has been a dream journey {{!}} Football News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-footballs-first-khel-ratna-awardee-says-it-has-been-a-dream-journey/articleshow/87510483.cms|url-status=live|access-date=3 November 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103142845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sunil-chhetri-footballs-first-khel-ratna-awardee-says-it-has-been-a-dream-journey/articleshow/87510483.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 November 2021|title=National Sports Awards 2021: Neeraj Chopra, Lovlina Borgohain, Mithali Raj Among 9 Others to Get Khel Ratna|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/national-sports-awards-2021-neeraj-chopra-lovlina-borgohain-mithali-raj-among-9-others-to-get-khel-ratna-4396067.html|access-date=2 November 2021|website=News18|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103164948/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/national-sports-awards-2021-neeraj-chopra-lovlina-borgohain-mithali-raj-among-9-others-to-get-khel-ratna-4396067.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2025 – [[Bhogeswar Baruah National Sports Awards|Bhogeswar Baruah National Sports Award]], the inaugural Lifetime Achievement in Sports award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=2025-09-04 |title=Manu Bhaker, Sunil Chhetri, Lovlina honoured with Bhogeswar Baruah National Sports Awards |url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/manu-bhaker-sunil-chhetri-lovlina-honoured-with-bhogeswar-baruah-national-sports-awards-1590235 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Biography|Association football|India}}
* [[List of top international men's football goalscorers by country]]
* [[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps]]
* [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals]]
* [[List of India national football team hat-tricks]]
* [[List of India national football team captains]]
* [[List of Indian football first tier top scorers]]
* [[List of India international footballers]]
* [[List of Indian expatriate footballers]]
* [[FPAI Indian Player of the Year]]
* [[AIFF Player of the Year]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=notes}}
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{FIFA player}}
*{{NFT player}}
*{{Soccerway|new_id=chhetri-sunil/xU5sWYPN|id=sunil-chhetri/64395|archive=20250403003529}}
*{{ESPN FC}}
*{{WorldFootball}}
*{{MLS player}}
*[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-19150-sunil-chhetri-profile Sunil Chhetri] at [[Indian Super League]]

{{Bengaluru FC squad}}
{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
|bg=#1C39BC
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|list1=
{{India squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup}}
{{India squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup}}
{{India squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup}}
}}
{{Navboxes
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=navy
|list1=
{{Captains of Indian national sports teams}}
{{I-League Golden Boot}}
{{Indian Super League Hero of the League}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Khel Ratna Awardees}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chhetri, Sunil}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Secunderabad]]
[[Category:Footballers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Asutosh College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Dempo SC players]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in the United States]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal]]
[[Category:Indian people of Nepalese descent]]
[[Category:Sporting Kansas City players]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:2011 AFC Asian Cup players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:JCT FC players]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:United SC players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Churchill Brothers FC players]]
[[Category:Sporting CP B players]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC players]]
[[Category:Mumbai City FC players]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:FIFA Men's Century Club]]
[[Category:2019 AFC Asian Cup players]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Khas people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award]]
[[Category:South Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:2023 AFC Asian Cup players]]

Anthony W. B. Hayward

2026-03-24T12:45:16Z

MatildaAldrich: new

{{Short description|British corporate executive (1927–2011)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Sir Anthony William Byrd Hayward''' (1927–2011),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sir Anthony Hayward|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8496016/Sir-Anthony-Hayward.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=THE MAN WHO LEFT HIS HEART BEHIND IN BENGAL|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-man-who-left-his-heart-behind-in-bengal/cid/421168|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> also known as Tony Hayward, was a British corporate executive. Hayward is perhaps best remembered for launching the popular Haywards 5000 brand of beer in India.

After serving in the Royal Navy, Hayward arrived in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (now Kolkata), India, in 1948. He joined the well-known alcohol company [[Shaw Wallace]] and rose to become its chairman.<ref name=":1"/> Hayward was also appointed president of the [[Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] in 1973,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Presidents The Bengal Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Kolkata, India|url=https://www.bengalchamber.com/presidents.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.bengalchamber.com}}</ref> and president of the [[Associated Chambers of Commerce]] (ASSOCHAM) in 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghatak|first=Aditi Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMEVAQAAMAAJ|title=Partnership for Progress: The ASSOCHAM Story, 1920-1995|date=1995|publisher=Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India|pages=140, 287|language=en}}</ref> Hayward is said to have guided Shaw Wallace through "very difficult political, economic and bureaucratic hurdles in the 1970s".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Narayan|first=T. C.|title=A tribute to Tony Hayward|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/A-tribute-to-Tony-Hayward/article20112010.ece|access-date=2021-10-27|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref> [[The Daily Telegraph|''The'' ''Daily Telegraph'']] in London said of Hayward: "A deep and evident empathy for his host nation made him an outstanding ambassador for British commercial interests at an uneasy time, and his gift with words lightened many a prickly encounter."<ref name=":0" /> Hayward left Calcutta

in 1978, moving on to assignments in Singapore and Hong Kong. He was knighted the same year for his services to British business interests in India.<ref name=":0" /> Hayward kept making frequent visits to Calcutta and celebrated his fiftieth wedding anniversary there.<ref name=":1" />

In 2016, there was renewed interest in Hayward's life and legacy in the Indian press, after his grandson, Ben Hayward, visited India and produced a four-part documentary series, "2 Men and a Beer", tracing the legacy of the Haywards 5000 brand.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-23|title=Brewing for over a century: The Haywards India legacy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sponsoredcontent/brewing-for-over-a-century-the-haywards-india-legacy/story-5wxBg0YwWsq2Eot2nRdXWJ.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-26|title=Video: Haywards founder's grandson visits India to learn about the iconic beer|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/travel/260916/video-haywards-founders-grandson-visits-india-to-learn-about-the-iconic-beer.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-30|title=Explore his legacy with Ben Hayward – 2 Men And A Beer|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/explore-his-legacy-with-ben-hayward-2-men-and-a-beer-3023986.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayward, Anthony W. B.}}
[[Category:British corporate directors]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]

{{UK-business-bio-1920s-stub}}

Department of Women and Child Development (Kerala)

2026-03-22T19:59:39Z

MatildaAldrich: new initial article and citations!

{{Short description|Administrative department of the Government of Kerala}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Women and Child Development Department
| type = Department
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.svg
| logo_width = 120px
| jurisdiction = {{flag|India}} Kerala
| headquarters = Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| minister1_name = [[Veena George]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Women and Child Development
| chief1_name = Sharmila Mary IAS
| chief1_position = Principal Secretary
| chief2_name = Haritha V Kumar IAS
| chief2_position = Director of Women and Child Development
| parent_department = [[Government of Kerala]]
| website = {{URL|https://wcd.kerala.gov.in}}
}}
The '''Women and Child Development Department''' is an administrative department in the Indian state of [[Kerala]], responsible for formulating and implementing policies and programs aimed at the welfare and empowerment of [[Woman|women]] and [[children]]. It operates under the [[Government of Kerala]]. The Department of Women and Child was established in 2017 as per GO (MS) No. 24/17/SJD 30.6.17 bifurcating The [[Department of Social Justice (Kerala)|Social Justice Department]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile - WCD Kerala |url=https://wcd.kerala.gov.in/profile.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530035305/https://wcd.kerala.gov.in/profile.php |archive-date=2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=wcd.kerala.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> The department has its headquarters in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].
== Leadership ==
The department is headed by a Cabinet Minister of the Government of Kerala, and the incumbent Minister for Women and Child Development is [[Veena George]].<ref>[https://www.niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/chief_minister/ministers Kerala Council of Ministers - Kerala Legislative Assembly]</ref>

The department is administratively headed by a Secretary to Government, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Officer. The current Secretary to Government is, Dr. Sharmila Mary Joseph IAS.<ref>{{cite web | title=KeyPeople - WCD Kerala | url=https://wcd.kerala.gov.in/keypeople.php }}</ref> The secretary is assisted by additional secretaries, deputy secretaries and other secretariat staffs.<ref name=":0">[https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf Rules of Business of Government of Kerala]

PART II -FIRST SCHEDULE; </ref>

== Functions ==
* Administration of Acts and Rules relating to the welfare of women and children<ref name=":0" />

*Implementation of policies relating to women and child welfare<ref name=":0" />

* Implementation of [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme|Centrally Sponsored Schemes]] relating to women and child welfare

* Administration of the following institutions:
** Directorate of Women and Child Development Department
** [[Kerala Women's Commission]]
** Kerala State Commission for Protection of Child Rights
** Kerala State Women's Development Corporation
**Juvenile Justice Board
**Gender Park
**Kerala State Social Welfare Board
** ICDS Mission
** State Child Protection Society
** State Adoption Resource Agency (SARA)
**NIRBHAYA
** Kerala State Sisu Kshema Samithi
** State Anganwadi Workers and Helpers Welfare Fund Board
**Gender Advisory Board
** Sree Chithra Poor Home
** Vanchi Poor Home
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category: Government of Kerala]]

Autosticha auxodelta

2026-03-20T20:28:47Z

MatildaAldrich: stub

{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Autosticha auxodelta
| authority = [[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1916
| synonyms =
}}
'''''Autosticha auxodelta''''' is a [[moth]] in the family [[Autostichidae]]. It was described by [[Edward Meyrick]] in 1916. It is found in [[Assam]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |date=December 30, 2018 |url=https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/autostichidae/autostichinae/autosticha/#auxodelta |title=''Autosticha auxodelta'' Meyrick, 1916 |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |accessdate=August 17, 2020}}</ref>

The [[wingspan]] is about 13 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous with a large ochreous-yellow triangular blotch, edged anteriorly with ochreous whitish, extending on the costa from two-fifths to four-fifths, its apex touching the dorsum beyond the middle. The second discal stigma is blackish, resting on the posterior edge of this blotch. There is a terminal series of ochreous-whitish dots. The hindwings are grey.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/exoticmicrolepid01meyr#page/585/mode/1up ''Exotic Microlepidoptera''. '''1''' (19): 585.] {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar |from=Q13432251}}

[[Category:Moths described in 1916]]
[[Category:Autosticha]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]

{{autostichinae-stub}}

Syncretism

2026-03-20T11:21:33Z

MatildaAldrich: fixed page for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Combination of beliefs and traditions}}
{{About|the general term|the linguistic term|Syncretism (linguistics)|the political term|Political syncretism|the religious term|Religious syncretism}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2015}}

[[File:Pluto Serapis and Persephone Isis Heraklion museum.jpg|thumb|The gods [[Persephone]]-[[Isis]] and [[Hades (mythology)|Hades]]-[[Serapis]], an example of [[Ancient Greek religion|Greco]]-[[Ancient Egyptian religion|Egyptian]] syncretism|285x285px]]

'''Syncretism''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|ŋ|k|ɹ|ə|t|ɪ|z|əm}})<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|syncretism}}</ref> is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or [[school of thought|schools of thought]], particularly religious ones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Syncretism? |url=https://learn.ligonier.org/articles/what-is-syncretism |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Ligonier Ministries |language=en}}</ref> For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include [[religious assimilation|assimilation]] of several originally discrete [[tradition]]s, especially in [[theology]] and [[mythology]], thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an [[Inclusivism|inclusive]] approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in [[art]] and [[culture]] is sometimes likened to [[eclecticism]], in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.

== Etymology ==
The English word is first attested in the early 17th century.<ref>The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' first attests the word ''syncretism'' in English in 1618.</ref> It is from [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]] {{lang|la|syncretismus}}, drawing on the {{lang|grc|συγκρητισμός}} ({{Transliteration|grc|synkretismos}}), supposedly meaning "Cretan federation". However, this is a spurious etymology derived from the naive idea in [[Plutarch]]'s 1st-century AD essay on "Fraternal Love (Peri Philadelphias)" in his collection ''[[Moralia]]''. He cites the example of the [[History of Crete|Cretans]], who compromised and reconciled their differences and came together in alliance when faced with external dangers. "And that is their so-called ''Syncretism'' [Union of Cretans]." A more likely etymology is from ''sun-'' ("with") plus ''kerannumi'' ("mix") and its related noun, ''krasis'' ("mixture").

== Religious syncretism ==
{{main|Religious syncretism}}

{{Further|Hellenistic religion|Hellenistic Judaism|Christian influences in Islam|Iranian religions#Medieval period}}
{{seealso|New religious movements}}
[[File:Statue of the god Anubis.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The god [[Hermanubis]], an example of [[Ancient Greek religion|Greco]]-[[Ancient Egyptian religion|Egyptian]] syncretism]]
[[File:Taranis Jupiter with wheel and thunderbolt Le Chatelet Gourzon Haute Marne.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|The god [[Taranis]]-[[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]], an example of [[Ancient Roman religion|Romano]]-[[Ancient Celtic religion|Celtic]] syncretism]]
Religious syncretism is the blending of two or more religious [[Belief#Collective belief|belief systems]] into a new system, or the incorporation into a religious tradition of beliefs from unrelated traditions. This can occur for many reasons, and the latter scenario happens quite commonly in areas where multiple religious traditions exist in proximity and function actively in a culture, or when a culture is conquered, and the conquerors bring their religious beliefs with them, but do not succeed in entirely eradicating the old beliefs or (especially) practices.

Religions may have syncretic elements to their beliefs or history, but adherents of so-labelled systems often frown on applying the label, especially adherents who belong to "revealed" religious systems, such as the [[Abrahamic religions]], or any system that exhibits an [[exclusivism|exclusivist]] approach. Such adherents sometimes see syncretism as a betrayal of their pure truth. By this reasoning, adding an incompatible belief corrupts the original religion, rendering it no longer true. Indeed, critics of a syncretistic trend may use the word or its variants as a disparaging epithet, as a charge implying that those who seek to incorporate a new view, belief, or practice into a religious system pervert the original faith. Non-exclusivist systems of belief, on the other hand, may feel quite free to incorporate other traditions into their own. Keith Ferdinando notes that the term "syncretism" is an elusive one,<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url= http://www.missiology.org.uk/pdf/cotterell-fs/15_ferdinando.pdf|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BlqxOQAACAAJ|chapter= Sickness and Syncretism in the African Context|author= Ferdinando, K.|title= Mission and Meaning: Essays Presented to Peter Cotterell|editor1= Antony Billington|editor2= Tony Lane|editor3= Max Turner|publisher= Paternoster Press|year= 1995|isbn=978-0853646761}}</ref> and can refer to substitution or modification of the central elements of a religion by beliefs or practices introduced from elsewhere. The consequence under such a definition, according to Ferdinando, can lead to a fatal "compromise" of the original religion's "integrity".<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Ferdinando
| first1 = Keith
| chapter = Sickness and Syncretism in the African Context
| editor1-last = Billington
| editor1-first = Antony
| editor2-last = Turner
| editor2-first = Max
| editor2-link = Max Turner (theologian)
| title = Mission and Meaning: Essays Presented to Peter Cotterell
| year = 1995
| url = https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/cotterell-fs/15_ferdinando.pdf
| publisher = Paternoster Press
| publication-date = 1995
| page = 272
| isbn = 978-0853646761
| access-date = 2018-06-30
| quote = The Christian faith is inevitably assimilated in terms of the existing structures of thought of its adherents, whatever their culture. Nevertheless, there are points at which the worldview of any people will be found to be incompatible with central elements of the gospel; if conversion to Christianity is to be more than purely nominal, it will necessarily entail the substantial modification of the traditional worldview at such points. Where this does not occur it is the Christian faith which is modified and thus relativised by the worldview, and the consequence is syncretism. [...] The term 'syncretism' [...] is employed here of the substitution or modification of central elements of Christianity by beliefs of practices introduced from elsewhere. The consequence of such a process is fatally to compromise its integrity.
}}
</ref>

In modern [[secularism|secular]] society, religious innovators sometimes construct new faiths or key tenets syncretically, with the added benefit or aim of reducing inter-religious discord. Such chapters often have a side-effect of arousing jealousy and suspicion among authorities and ardent adherents of the pre-existing religion. Such religions tend to inherently appeal to an inclusive, diverse audience. Sometimes the state itself sponsored such new movements, such as the [[Living Church]] founded in [[Soviet Russia]] and the [[German Evangelical Church]] in [[Nazi Germany]], chiefly to stem all outside influences.

=== Criticism of the term ===
[[Véronique Altglas]] argues that the use of the term "syncretism" is an effort to make some religious practices and religions seem less legitimate, pure, or well-established. She argues that the term "syncretism" presupposes that the religions that syncretism combines were "pure" and unchanging before being combined. In reality, she believes, religions are all inherently syncretic to some degree because they combine many elements from different people's spiritualities and religions and different cultures. The term "syncretism" can serve the ends of ethnocentrism and purism in some cases in this view.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2020 |title=Syncretism |encyclopedia=The SAGE Encyclopedia of the Sociology of Religion |publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd |location=London |url=https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714401.n461 |access-date=2025-08-01 |last=Altglas |first=Véronique |editor1-last=Possamai |editor1-first=Adam |doi=10.4135/9781529714401.n461 |isbn=9781529721966|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Cultures and societies ==
{{Main article|Moral syncretism}}
According to some authors, "Syncretism is often used to describe the product of the large-scale imposition of one alien culture, religion, or body of practices over another that is already present."<ref>Peter J. Claus and Margaret A. Mills, ''South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia'': (Garland Publishing, Inc., 2003).</ref> Others such as [[Jerry H. Bentley]], however, have argued that syncretism has also helped to create cultural compromise. It provides an opportunity to bring beliefs, values, and customs from one cultural tradition into contact with, and to engage different cultural traditions. Such a migration of ideas is generally successful only when there is a resonance between both traditions. While, as Bentley has argued, there are numerous cases where expansive traditions have won popular support in foreign lands, this is not always so.<ref>Jerry Bentley, ''Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), viii.</ref>

===Din-i Ilahi===
[[File:Jesuits at Akbar's court.jpg|thumb|upright|Akbar the Great holding a court discussing theology]]

In the 16th century, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]] proposed a new religion called the [[Din-i Ilahi]] ("Divine Faith"). Sources disagree with respect to whether it was one of many Sufi orders or merged some of the elements of the various religions of his empire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dīn-i Ilāhī {{!}} Indian religion|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Din-i-Ilahi|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i-Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |page=306 |oclc=3312929 |quote=Din-i-Ilahi ... was not a new religion; it was a Sufi order ... in which all the principles enunciated are to be found in the Quran and in the practices in the contemporary Sufi orders.}}</ref> Din-i Ilahi drew elements primarily from [[Islam]] and [[Hinduism]] but also from [[Christianity]], [[Jainism]], and [[Zoroastrianism]]. More resembling a [[personality cult]] than a religion, it had no sacred scriptures, no priestly hierarchy, and fewer than 20 disciples, all hand-picked by Akbar himself. It is also accepted that the policy of ''sulh-i-kul'', which formed the essence of the Dīn-i Ilāhī, was adopted by Akbar as a part of general imperial administrative policy. ''Sulh-i-kul'' means "universal peace".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/804548/why-putting-less-mughal-history-in-school-textbooks-might-not-be-a-bad-idea|title=Why putting less Mughal history in school textbooks may be a good idea|date=7 March 2016 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/912757835 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/911397953 cite #12 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/finding-tolerance-in-akba_b_3031746|title=Finding Tolerance in Akbar, the Philosopher-King| date=10 April 2013 }} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/912757835 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/911397953 cite #13 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>

=== Enlightenment ===
The syncretic [[deism]] of [[Matthew Tindal]] undermined Christianity's claim to uniqueness.<ref name="Harding 1995 p. ">{{cite book | last=Harding | first=A.J. | title=The Reception of Myth in English Romanticism | publisher=University of Missouri Press | series=Tall Buildings and Urban Environment | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-8262-1007-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ie1ZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22matthew+tindal%22+%22syncretism%22+%22deism%22 | access-date=2023-02-11 | page=}}</ref> The modern, rational, non-pejorative connotations of syncretism arguably date from [[Denis Diderot]]'s {{lang|fr|[[Encyclopédie]]}} articles ''Eclecticisme'' and ''Syncrétistes, Hénotiques, ou Conciliateurs''. Diderot portrayed syncretism as the concordance of eclectic sources. Scientific or legalistic approaches of subjecting all claims to [[critical thinking]] prompted at this time much literature in Europe and the Americas studying non-European religions such as Edward Moor's ''[[The Hindu Pantheon]]'' of 1810, much of which was almost evangelistically appreciative by embracing spirituality and creating the space and tolerance in particular [[disestablishmentarianism|disestablishment of religion]] (or its stronger form, official secularisation as in France) whereby believers of [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|spiritualism]], [[agnosticism]], [[atheism|atheists]] and in many cases more innovative or pre-Abrahimic based religions could promote and spread their belief system, whether in the family or beyond.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

== Examples ==
[[File:Elephant-shaped column brackets at Lahore Fort.jpg|thumb|upright|The use of elephant-shaped column brackets in buildings of the [[Lahore Fort]] reflects [[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu influences]] on Mughal Architecture during the reign of [[Akbar]] even though Islam generally forbids [[Aniconism in Islam|representation of living figures]].]]

Overt syncretism in folk belief may show cultural acceptance of an alien or previous tradition, but the "other" cult may survive or infiltrate without authorized ''syncresis''. For example, some [[conversos]] developed a sort of [[Cult (religious practice)|cult]] for martyr-victims of the [[Spanish Inquisition]], thus incorporating elements of [[Catholicism]] while resisting it.{{explain|date=June 2025}}{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

The [[Kushite]] kings who ruled Upper Egypt for approximately a century and the whole of Egypt for approximately 57 years, from 721 to 664 BCE, constituting the [[Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt|Twenty-fifth Dynasty]] in [[Manetho#Aegyptiaca|Manetho's ''Aegyptiaca'']], developed a syncretic worship identifying their own god [[Dedun]] with the Egyptian [[Osiris]]. They maintained that worship even after they had been driven out of Egypt. A temple dedicated to this syncretic god, built by the [[Kingdom of Kush|Kushite ruler]] [[Atlanersa]], was unearthed at [[Jebel Barkal]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kendall |first1=Timothy |last2=Ahmed Mohamed |first2=El-Hassan |year=2016 |title=A Visitor's Guide to The Jebel Barkal Temples |url=http://jebelbarkal.org/frames/VisGuide.pdf |journal=The NCAM Jebel Barkal Mission |location=Khartoum |publisher=Sudan. Nubian Archeological Development Organization (Qatar-Sudan) |pages=34 & 94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Török |first=László |title=The Image of the Ordered World in Ancient Nubian Art: The Construction of the Kushite Mind, 800 BC–300 AD |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |isbn=9789004123069 |series=Probleme der Ägyptologie |volume=18 |location=Leiden |pages=158}}</ref>

Syncretism was common during the [[Hellenistic]] period, with rulers regularly identifying local deities in various parts of their domains with the relevant god or goddess of the [[Greek Pantheon]] as a means of increasing the cohesion of their kingdom. This practice was accepted in most locations but vehemently rejected by the [[Jews]], who considered the identification of [[God in Judaism|Yahweh]] with the Greek [[Zeus]] as the worst of blasphemy.{{explain|date=June 2025}}{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
[[File:Nummus - Maximinus Daza, SOLI INVICTO, Antioch, 312.jpg|thumb|Римская монета Максимина II Дазы. На реверсе - древнеримский бог Сол, держащий в левой руке голову эллинистического бога Сераписа.]]
The [[Roman Empire]] continued the practice, first by the identification of traditional Roman deities with Greek ones, producing a single [[Classical mythology|Greco-Roman pantheon]], and then identifying members of that pantheon with the local deities of various Roman provinces.

[[Islam in Africa|Islam]] and [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]], having largely displaced [[Traditional African religions|indigenous African religions]], are often adapted to African cultural contexts and belief systems. Many African people may combine the practice of their traditional beliefs with the practice of [[Abrahamic religions]].<ref name="googlemix">{{cite book |last1=Mbiti |first1=John S |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wL0y9fUEB8C&q=%22often+mix%22&pg=PA15 |title=Introduction to African religion |publisher=East African Publishers |year=1992 |isbn=9780435940027}}When Africans are converted to other religions, they often mix their traditional religion with the one to which they are converted. In this way they are not losing something valuable, but are gaining something from both religious customs</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riggs |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22many+African+Christians%22 |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations |publisher=Thomson Gale |year=2006 |isbn=9780787666125 |page=1}}Although a large proportion of Africans have converted to Islam an Christianity, these two world religions have been assimilated into African culture, and many African Christians and Muslims maintain traditional spiritual beliefs</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Roger S |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LldeLvqQNsC&pg=PA266 |title=The Oxford handbook of religion and ecology |date=2006-11-09 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=9780195178722}}Even in the adopted religions of Islam and Christianity, which on the surface appear to have converted millions of Africans from their traditional religions, many aspect of traditional religions are still manifest</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US study sheds light on Africa's unique religious mix |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpKESvthJtQeyjk57vyzOnY5l9cg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425190919/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpKESvthJtQeyjk57vyzOnY5l9cg |archive-date=April 25, 2010 |publisher=AFP}}t doesn't seem to be an either-or for many people. They can describe themselves primarily as Muslim or Christian and continue to practice many of the traditions that are characteristic of African traditional religion," Luis Lugo, executive director of the Pew Forum, told AFP.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Quainoo |first1=Samuel Ebow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IDfqT6589kC&pg=PA40 |title=In Transitions and consolidation of democracy in Africa |date=2000-01-01 |publisher=Global Academic |isbn=9781586840402}}Even though the two religions are monotheistic, most African Christians and Muslims convert to them and still retain some aspects of their traditional religions</ref>

Some religious movements have embraced overt syncretism, such as the case of [[Shinbutsu-shūgō|melding Shintō beliefs into Buddhism]] or the amalgamation of Germanic and Celtic [[Christianity and Paganism#Pagan influences on Christianity|pagan views]] into [[Early Christianity#Spread of Christianity|Christianity]] during its spread into Gaul, Ireland, Britain, Germany and Scandinavia. In later times, Christian missionaries in [[North America]] identified [[Manitou]], the spiritual and fundamental life force in the traditional beliefs of the [[Algonquian people|Algonquian groups]], with the [[God of Christianity]]. Similar identifications were made by missionaries at other locations in the Americas and Africa who encountered a local belief in a Supreme God or Supreme Spirit of some kind.

Indian influences are seen in the practice of [[Shi'i Islam]] in [[Trinidad]]. Others have strongly rejected it as devaluing and compromising precious and genuine distinctions; examples include post-[[Babylonian captivity of Judah|Exile]] [[Second Temple Judaism]], [[Islam]], and most of [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christianity.{{explain|date=June 2017}}{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Syncretism tends to facilitate coexistence and unity between otherwise different cultures and world views ([[intercultural competence]]), a factor that has recommended it to rulers of multi-ethnic [[empire|realms]]. Conversely, the rejection of syncretism, usually in the name of "[[piety]]" and "[[orthodoxy]]", may help to generate, bolster or authenticate a sense of uncompromised [[cultural identity|cultural unity]] in a well-defined minority or majority.

All major religious conversions of populations have had elements from prior religious traditions incorporated into legends or doctrine that endure with the newly converted [[laity]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olupona |first=Jacob K. |title=African Religions: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-979058-6 |location=Oxford |pages=34 |oclc=839396781}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Religion}}
* [[Confederation|Confederacy]]
* [[Conflation]]
* [[Cultural appropriation]]
* [[Cultural assimilation]]
* [[Multiculturalism]]
* [[Multiple religious belonging]]
* [[New religious movement]]
* [[Religious pluralism]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Syncretism |volume=26 |short=x}}
* {{cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Assmann |title=Moses the Egyptian: The Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism |publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-674-58738-0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Assmann |chapter=Translating Gods: Religion as a Factor of Cultural (Un)Translatability |editor-last=de Vries |editor-first=Hent |title=Religion: Beyond a Concept |year=2008 |publisher=Fordham University Press |isbn=978-0823227242 }}
* HadžiMuhamedović, Safet (2018) [http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/HadziMuhamedovicWaiting ''Waiting for Elijah: Time and Encounter in a Bosnian Landscape'']. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
* HadžiMuhamedović, Safet (2018) [https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/ethnoscripts/article/view/1233/1121 "Syncretic Debris: From Shared Bosnian Saints to the ICTY Courtroom"]. In: A. Wand (ed.) ''Tradition, Performance and Identity Politics in European Festivals'' (special issue of ''Ethnoscripts'' 20:1).
* Cotter, John (1990). ''The New Age and Syncretism, in the World and in the Church''. Long Prairie, Minn.: Neumann Press. 38 p. ''N.B''.: The approach to the issue is from a conservative Roman Catholic position. {{ISBN|0-911845-20-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Pakkanen |first=Petra |title=Interpreting Early Hellenistic Religion: A Study Based on the Mystery Cult of Demeter and the Cult of Isis |year=1996 |publisher=Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens |isbn=978-951-95295-4-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Mark S. |author-link=Mark S. Smith |title=God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World |year=2010 |orig-year=2008 |publisher=Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-6433-8 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Madani |first=Mohsen Saeidi |title=Impact of Hindu culture on Muslims |date=1993 |publisher=M D Publications |isbn=978-81-85880-15-0 |location=New Delhi}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Syncretism| ]]

Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram

2026-03-20T08:42:59Z

MatildaAldrich: starting new stub first draft!

{{Short description|Port in Kerala, India}}
{{Distinguish|Vizhinjam Port}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox port
| name = Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram
| native_name = Viḻiññam Antārāṣṭra Turamukham, Tiruvaṇāntapuraṃ
| native_name_lang = ml
| image = MSC IRINA TRIVANDRUM PORT HD.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = [[Mediterranean Shipping Company|MSC Irina]] at Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram
| logo = Vizhinjam International Seaport Logo.png
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_map_geomask =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| location = [[Vizhinjam]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|8|22|21|N|76|59|55|E|region:IN_type:landmark_dim:3000|display=inline,title}}
| locode = IN TRV
| opened = 2 May 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/vizhinjam-the-port-that-almost-wasn-t-built-11697642923889.html|title=Vizhinjam: The port that almost wasn't built|first=Nidheesh|last=M.K|date=18 October 2023|website=mint}}</ref>
| operated = Vizhinjam International Seaport Ltd (VISL) [[Adani Ports & SEZ|Adani Vizhinjam Port Pvt Ltd (AVPL)]]
| owner = [[Government of Kerala]]
| type = All-weather<ref name="English.Mathrubhumi-2023">{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/first-vessel-docks-at-vizhinjam-port-exploring-its-characteristics-and-history-1.8989104|title=First vessel docks at Vizhinjam port: Exploring its characteristics and history|date=15 October 2023|website=English.Mathrubhumi|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref> Multipurpose,<ref name="English.Mathrubhumi-2023" /> Green,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pressinsider.com/news/vizhinjam-beckons-worlds-biggest-container-ships/|title=Vizhinjam beckons world's biggest container ships|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref> Deep-Draft, Deep-Water Mega Seaport
| size = {{convert|450.59|ha|km2}}
| berths = 2 (2024)<ref name="Asianet News">{{cite news|title=Kerala: Vizinjam port to be officially known as 'Trivandrum International Sea Port'|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/kerala-vizinjam-port-to-be-officially-known-as-vizhinjam-international-sea-port/ar-AA19FHmk?ocid=emmx-mmx-feeds&PC=EMMX01|work=[[Asianet News]]|date=10 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|language=en}}</ref>
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees = 2,000 (2024)
| leadershiptitle =
| blankdetailstitle1 = Depth
| blankdetails1 = {{cvt|24|m}}+<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vizhinjamport.org/index.php/cms/vizhinjam | title=About Vizhinjam : Vizhinjam Port Project }}</ref><ref name="Kerala Maritime Board">{{cite web |url=https://kmb.kerala.gov.in/en/ports/vizhinjam-port | title=Kerala Maritime Board }}</ref>
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue = {{INR}}2,15,000 [[crore]] (2024–25)
| profit = {{INR}}2,500 crore (2024–25)
| website = {{URL|https://www.vizhinjamport.in/}}
| blankdetailstitle2 = Nautical Charts
| blankdetails2 = 2111/4 Vizhinjam Ports West Coast
}}

'''Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ɪ|z|ɪ|n|ˈ|dʒ|æ|m|...|ˌ|t|ɪr|ʊ|v|ə|n|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɑː|p|ʊ|r|əm|audio=വിഴിഞ്ഞം English.ogg}}, {{Respell|VIZ|in|jam|_|...|_|TIR|uu|və|nə|TAH|puurr|əm}}) also known as '''Trivandrum Port''' (IN TRV 01)<ref name="ET Now"/> is India's first deep-water [[Entrepôt|transshipment port]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032811#:~:text=The%20Union%20Minister%20of%20Ports,port%20in%20Vizhinjam%2C%20Kerala%20today| title=Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam- India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port | website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="ET Now">{{cite video |date=2024-07-12 |title=Adani Group's Trivandrum Port: India Maritime Story Welcomes First Mothership At Vizhinjam Port |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6on9go9MNVM |medium=YouTube |publisher=ET Now |time=N/A |access-date=2025-02-25}}</ref> Located at [[Vizhinjam]] within the city of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the port is designed to be a multi-purpose, all-weather, green port and is about {{convert|19|km|mi}}<ref>{{Cite web | title = DPR |url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf | website = Adani Ports | publisher = Adani Ports and SEZ | date = 31 March 2023 | access-date = 15 August 2024 | page = 45}}</ref> from [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = Draft EIA Report for Vizhinjam Port (Phase III) |url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf | website = Vizhinjam Port Official Website | publisher = L&T, VISL, Government of Kerala | date = 15 June 2021 | access-date = 15 August 2024 | page = 36}}</ref> It is India's first automated port,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpmc.com/news/cont.aspx?id=434|title=Shipment of Quay Cranes for the Adani Vizhinjam Port Project in India-Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.|website=www.zpmc.com}}</ref> and its only port directly adjacent to an international shipping lane. The port is {{convert|10|nmi|lk=in}}<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Environment compliance Report
|url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf
| website = Adani Ports
| publisher = VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 45
}}</ref> from the heavily trafficked east–west shipping channel connecting Europe to the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East (Suez–Far East route and Far East–Middle East route). The port has a natural depth of 24 metres (reducing the need for dredging) and can host many of the world's massive [[cargo ships]], including those exceeding 24,000 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] such as [[ULCS]] [[container ships]]. The port was inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 2 May 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://siddhantalive.com/vizhinjam-port-a-game-changer-for-indias-maritime-trade/ | title=Vizhinjam Port: A Game-Changer for India's Maritime Trade | date=2 May 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title=PM Modi dedicates Vizhinjam international seaport to the nation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pm-modi-dedicates-vizhinjam-international-seaport-to-the-nation/article69529503.ece |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The port's [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]] is India's deepest, reaching a depth of 28 metres – roughly equal to the height of a nine-[[storey]] building.<ref>{{cite video |title=ഒമ്പത് നിലക്കെട്ടിടത്തിന്റെ ഉയരത്തിൽ പുലിമുട്ട്; വിഴിഞ്ഞം തുറമുഖത്തിലെ പുലിമുട്ട് ആള് 'പുപ്പുലി'യാണ് |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZgQeDk1F1Y |author= |website=YouTube |publisher=YouTube |date=25 April 2025 |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref> The largest vessel to dock at the port is the ''MSC Türkiye'' (399.99 metres long and 61.3 metres wide, with a capacity of 24,346 TEU); the highest TEU movement on a single vessel was 10,576 TEU on the ''MSC Paloma''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/vizhinjam-seaport-msc-turkiye-eco-friendly-container-ship-adani-ports-125040901008_1.html | title=MSC Turkiye, world's largest green container ship, docks at Vizhinjam Port }}</ref> A cruise berth is under construction along the breakwater for cruise ships. When fully commissioned, the port is expected to be capable of accommodating 50 percent of India's container transshipment currently handled at [[Dubai]], [[Port of Colombo|Colombo]] and [[Port of Singapore|Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2023 |title=Explainer: Vizhinjam port in Kerala and its potential in India's maritime trade |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/explainer-vizhinjam-port-in-kerala-and-its-potential-in-india-s-maritime-trade-101697094213942.html |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The project's first phase cost {{INRConvert|8867|C|year=2024|to=USD EUR}};<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/adani-kerala-to-fast-track-vizhinjam-port-completion-with-rs-20000-crore-investment/117536|title=Adani, Kerala to fast track Vizhinjam port completion with ₹20,000 crore investment|date=3 July 2024|website=www.fortuneindia.com}}</ref> and the remaining phases cost {{INRConvert|20000|C|year=2024|to=USD EUR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/coal/adani-group-to-invest-rs-20000-crore-in-vizhinjam-ports-remaining-phases/111749565#:~:text=2%20min%20read-,Adani%20Group%20to%20invest%20Rs%2020%2C000%20crore%20in%20Vizhinjam%20port%27s,30%20to%2040%20per%20cent. | title=Adani Group to invest Rs 20,000 crore in Vizhinjam port's remaining phases – ET EnergyWorld }}</ref>

The port's location, near the southern tip of the Indian coast, provides access to other Indian ports on the eastern and western coasts. Its breakwater extends 7.5 metres above the waterline and 22 metres below. The breakwater is 3.1 kilometres long, and will be extended to 4.5 kilometres in the port's final phase.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Integrated Port Master Plan Report
|url=https://vizhinjamport.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Addendum-to-Final-MPR_23052013-FINAL-REPORT.pdf
| website = vizhinjam port official website
| publisher = AECOM for Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 7
}}</ref> The [[Ship-to-ship cargo transfer|STS]] Super Post-Panamax crane, with an outreach of 72 metres, a back reach of 20 metres, a rail gauge of 35 metres and a lifting height of 74 metres, is India's tallest STS crane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maritimenews.in/second-project-vessel-with-indias-biggest-sts-crane-berths-at-vizhinjam-port/|title=Second Project Vessel with India's Biggest STS Crane Berths at Vizhinjam Port|first=Maritime News|last=Network|date=13 November 2023}}</ref> A rail connection planned for Vizhinjam Seaport will include the construction of India's third-longest rail tunnel.<ref name="Kallungal-2023">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/vizhinjam-railway-tunnel-third-longest-tunnel-in-country-to-adopt-australian-tunnelling-method/article67072115.ece|title=Vizhinjam railway tunnel, third longest tunnel in country, to adopt Austrian tunnelling method|first=Dhinesh|last=Kallungal|newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 July 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The port, owned by the [[government of Kerala]], will be operated by the [[Adani Group]] for 40 years.

Vizhinjam International Seaport is expected to compete with international ports such as [[Port of Colombo|Colombo]] in Sri Lanka, [[Port of Salalah|Salalah]] in Oman, [[Port of Jebel Ali]] in Dubai and [[Port of Singapore|Singapore Port]]. Its construction has three phases, with which the first phase was completed by September 2024. It is proposed to follow the landlord-port model, accommodating passenger, container and other cargo shipping.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manoj |first=P. |date=2 September 2016 |title=Move to landlord port model means privatizing state-run cargo berths |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/TrIxBCGekevmqGS8dbGo0I/Move-to-landlord-port-model-means-privatizing-staterun-carg.html |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

==Vizhinjam Port and Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram ==
[[File:MSC Ship arriving at Vizhinjam Trivandrum port.jpg|thumb|alt=A large container ship, seen through palm trees|The ''ULCV MSC Claude Girardet'' is the largest vessel to dock in South Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ultra-large-container-vessel-msc-claude-girardet-on-its-way-to-vizhinajm/article68626973.ece | title=Ultra large container vessel MSC Claude Girardet on its way to Vizhinjam | work=The Hindu | date=10 September 2024 | last1=Kallungal | first1=Dhinesh }}</ref>|right|300px]]

[[Vizhinjam Port]]<ref name="Kerala Maritime Board"/> and Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram<ref name="Home">{{Cite web|url=https://vizhinjamport.in/|title=Home - Vizhinjam International Seaport}}</ref> are both in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Vizhinjam Port (UN/LOCODE: IN VZJ),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/ports/INVZJ001|title=Port of Vizhinjam (India) - Arrivals, Departures, Expected vessels - VesselFinder|website=www.vesselfinder.com}}</ref> managed by the Kerala Maritime Board, primarily supports maritime activities. Vizhinjam International Seaport is in the Vizhinjam harbour. The port has two berths: seaward and leeward. Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram (UN/LOCODE: IN TRV), managed by Vizhinjam International Seaport<ref name="Home"/> is designed for large container ships and international trade. To avoid confusion, it is often called Thiruvananthapuram Port.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://motherportnews.in/vizhinjam-seaport-vs-vizhinjam-international-seaport-thiruvananthapuram-the-disctinction/ | title=Vizhinjam Seaport vs. Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram: Understanding the Key Differences | date=10 September 2024 }}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
Maritime trade in the region dates back to the second century BCE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Excavations at Vizhinjam |url=https://archaeologyuok.in/digital-museum/excavations-at-vizhinjam/ |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> When the [[Ay dynasty]] was defeated by the [[Pandyas]] in the eighth century CE, they migrated to [[Vizhinjam]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Several kings, including Chadayan Karunanthan (788), Karunanthadakkkan "Srivallabha" and [[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (who ruled {{circa|884–911/920}}), were Ay chiefs of Vizhinjam. A 2006 excavation unearthed remnants of a fort in Vizhinjam which probably belonged to the Ay chieftains and was believed to date back to the eight or ninth century.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2013 |title=Vizhinjam: Once a port, always a port |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/vizhinjam-once-a-port-always-a-port/article5006659.ece |access-date=12 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to [[Sangam literature]], the fort was destroyed in the 12th century during the invasion of [[Kulottunga I|Kolothunga Chola]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 2014 |title=Shedding light on Vizhinjam's golden past |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/shedding-light-on-vizhinjams-golden-past/article5981994.ece |access-date=15 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Vizhinjam was developed into a port by Raja Kesava Das, [[dewan]] of [[Travancore]], during the reign of [[Dharma Raja|Rama Varma I]].

===1940s===
The idea for a modern port at Vizhinjam was considered by [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]] when he was diwan of Travancore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Big Dream that Sir CP Couldn't Realise |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/aug/19/a-big-dream-that-sir-cp-couldnt-realise-801519.html |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=The New Indian Express|date=19 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2021 |title=വിഴിഞ്ഞം തുറമുഖം: ഉറപ്പുകളൊക്കെ കടലെടുത്തു; പദ്ധതി വൈകുന്നതിൻറെ നേട്ടംകൊയ്യാൻ ചൈന |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-vizhinjam-port-project-adani-group-thiruvananthapuram-1.6037451 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> Although a survey was conducted during the 1940s, the foundations of the port were conceived about fifty years later. Eliyas John and the Vizhinjam Mother Port Action Committee aimed to educate the public and government authorities about the need for the port. On royal orders, a British engineer arrived in Travancore to study the Vizhinjam area. The Vizhinjam Harbour Special Section was established in 1946 by the Airport Division of the Public Works Department.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2022 |title=The visionary who foresaw the potential of Vizhinjam to turn 100 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/the-visionary-who-foresaw-the-potential-of-vizhinjam-turns-100/article65554326.ece |access-date=17 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The survey data was forwarded to Britain and the Travancore government. By the time Travancore and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kochi]] merged, India was independent. In [[Travancore–Cochin|Thiru-Kochi]], the need for a port challenging [[Cochin Port|Kochi's]] gained traction and the Vizhinjam Port office was closed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2022 |title=GG Menon visits Vizhinjam International Transshipment Port |url=https://motherportnews.in/time-caught-up-with-the-tides-menon-travels-back-seven-decades/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Motherport News |language=en}}</ref>

===1991 to 2015===
In 1991, ports minister [[M. V. Raghavan]] laid the groundwork for the project.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2014 |title=Vizhinjam as Major Port Fascinated MVR|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/Nov/10/vizhinjam-as-major-port-fascinated-mvr-680785.html|access-date=11 July 2024 |website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Initial preparations for a port at Vizhinjam were begun in 1991 by the [[Fourth Karunakaran ministry|K. Karunakaran government]] in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 2017 |title=Vizhinjam port deal not in favour of Kerala: CAG |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/vizhinjam-port-deal-not-in-favour-of-kerala-cag/articleshow/58804553.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |quote=Vizhinjam port development was a dream project of the state for a long period as it was first proposed in 1991 when late Congress leader K Karunakaran was the Chief Minister.}}</ref> The [[Third Nayanar ministry|E. K. Nayanar government]] also advanced the project.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghunath |first=Arjun |title=Is the Kerala Chief Minister trying to hijack credit over Vizhinjam port? |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/is-the-kerala-chief-minister-trying-to-hijack-credit-over-vizhinjam-port-3103142 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |quote=Both the CPM-led Left Democratic Front and Congress-led United Democratic Front governments that came to power later on took forward the project.}}</ref> The [[Third Antony ministry|A.K. Antony government]], which came to power in Kerala, entered into tender proceedings. An [[Memorandum of understanding|MoU]] was signed by the state government and Kumar Engineering Corporation to develop the port.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vizhinjam: Kerala is no longer day dreaming |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/columns/straight-talk/vizhinjam-sea-port-udf-oommen-chandy-kerala-ldf-adani-group.html |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>[[File:MSC Claude at Vizhinjam.jpg|thumb|alt=A large container ship, seen through palm trees|The MSC ''Claude Girardet'' at Trivandrum port]]
In 2006, the [[Achuthanandan ministry|V.S. Achuthanandan government]] addressed issues related to the port and resubmitted its request for clearance to the central government the central government rejected the application again for security reasons. An all-party meeting was then held, and new tender proceedings were begun; an international meeting was organised to attract investors for the port's construction.

A [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model was suggested, and the Andhra Pradesh company [[Lanco Infratech|Lanco Group]] submitted a bid which was accepted. Lanco's bid was challenged in the [[Kerala High Court]] by Zoom Developers, and Lanco withdrew it. The [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC) was appointed the port's lead advisor in November 2009. In 2009 and 2010, the IFC produced a series of studies and reports recommending a landlord model (where the state would invest over US$1 billion in constructing the port) instead of the PPP model. Larsen & Toubro Infrastructure Engineering began the port's [[environmental impact assessment]].

After the landlord model was accepted by the state government, bidding concluded; a [[consortium]], led by [[Welspun World|Welspun Group]], was the only entity eligible to operate the port. Welspun requested a grant of approximately {{INRConvert|480|c|lk=on|year=2012}} in [[net present value]] over a 16-year period. In negotiations between the Kerala government and the Welspun Group, Welspun agreed to reduce its grant request to 400 [[crore]]; the state government rejected its offer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2022 |title=Conceived 3 decades ago, Kerala's Vizhinjam port to be a reality by 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/conceived-3-decades-ago-kerala-s-vizhinjam-port-to-be-a-reality-by-2023-101644776525016.html |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

A [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Ministry of Environment]] committee recommended approval of the project on 3 December 2013, and tenders for construction of a [[breakwater (structure)|breakwater]], fish-landing centre, and port operator began the following day. The [[Adani Group|Adani Ports and SEZ]] was the project's sole bidder, and was awarded the contract by the [[Oommen Chandy]] government in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 August 2015|title=Kerala in pact with Adani for Rs 7,525-crore Vizhinjam port project|work=The Economic Times|agency=PTI|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/kerala-in-pact-with-adani-for-rs-7525-crore-vizhinjam-port-project/articleshow/48516296.cms?from=mdr|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=15 February 2019 |title=Adani Vizhiňňam Port: Phase 1 to come up by 2020 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/phase-1-of-adani-vizhinjam-port-to-come-up-by-2020/1488005/ |access-date=28 September 2020 |work=The Financial Express}}</ref> Steps toward land acquisition were also taken by the [[Second Chandy ministry|Chandy government]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghunath |first=Arjun |title=Is the Kerala Chief Minister trying to hijack credit over Vizhinjam port? |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/is-the-kerala-chief-minister-trying-to-hijack-credit-over-vizhinjam-port-3103142 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |quote=But the key developments like steps for land acquisition in the sensitive coastal belt and finalising Adani Ports as the private partner for building and operating the port took place during the term of the Chandy-led Congress government from 2011-2016.}}</ref>

===After 2015===
[[File:PM Narendra Modi dedicates to the Nation Vizhinjam International Seaport in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.jpg|thumb|alt=chief minister of Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan and Prime minister Narendra Modi at the port, surrounded by other men|Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated Vizhinjam International Seaport to the nation on 2 May 2025.]]
When construction began on 5 December 2015, Adani Group CEO [[Gautam Adani]] said that the first ship would dock at the port on 1 September 2018. In 2017, [[Cyclone Ockhi|Cyclone Okchi]] damaged part of the breakwater. A shortage of limestone, the project's most critical raw material, caused another delay. The port also faced resistance from surrounding fishing communities and church groups, who said that the construction and debris hampered their ability to fish. It was also affected by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Adani Group invoked [[force majeure]] to explain why the project was not completed in time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kallungal |first=Dhinesh |date=17 June 2023 |title=Only 55% of Vizhinjam port work completed; commissioning in May unlikely |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/only-55-of-vizhinjam-port-work-completed-commissioning-in-may-unlikely/article66980310.ece |access-date=12 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

When the port's first phase neared completion, the first general cargo ship from China arrived at the Vizhinjam port on 12 October 2023. The ship, ''Zhen-Hua 15'', left China in August and had arrived at [[Mundra Port]] in [[Gujarat]] few weeks earlier. It carried one quay crane and two yard cranes which would be installed at the port.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Zhen Hua from China to be first cargo vessel to dock at Vizhinjam port |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/zhen-hua-from-china-to-be-first-cargo-vessel-to-dock-at-vizhinjam-port-11513991.html |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

The ''San Fernando'', its first container ship, docked on 11 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Video: Adani Ports' Vizhinjam International Seaport welcomes first container ship 'San Fernando' |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/video-adani-ports-vizhinjam-international-seaport-welcomes-first-container-ship-san-fernando-1.1720695848891 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vizhinjam Port: Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan inaugurates trial run of first container ship |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/12/vizhinjam-seaport-adani-first-container-ship-trial-run-congress-protest-shashi-tharoor-skip-function.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Onmanorama |quote=The total investment for the Vizhinjam port came up to Rs 8,867 crore. Out of this, the state government and the central government have allocated Rs 5,595 crore and Rs 818 crore respectively.}}</ref> Vizhinjam International Seaport welcomed the ''[[MSC Türkiye]]'', the world's largest eco-friendly container ship, in April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devadasan |first=K. P. |date=9 April 2025 |title=Watch: Kerala's new port welcomes world's largest eco-friendly container ship |url=https://gulfnews.com/videos/news/watch-keralas-new-port-welcomes-worlds-largest-eco-friendly-container-ship-1.500088140 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
[[File:PM Narendra Modi and dignitaries briefed on Vizhinjam International Seaport in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.jpg|thumb|left|Modi and other dignitaries being briefed about Vizhinjam International Seaport's infrastructure|alt=A group of people in a room]]
The port, about {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Kerala's capital city [[Thiruvananthapuram]], is about {{convert|10|nmi|km|abbr=off}} from the international east–west shipping route connecting Western Asia, Europe, Africa and the Far East. India's first [[Entrepôt|deepwater transshipment terminal]], it is being developed in three phases. The port has negligible [[Littoral zone|littoral]] sedimentation. With a natural depth of {{convert|24|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vizhinjamport.org/index.php/cms/why_vizhinjam | title=Why Vizhinjam Port?, Its Advantages over other Ports. : Vizhinjam Port Project }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://village.kerala.gov.in/Office_websites/about_village.php?nm=971VizhinjamVillageOffice | title=Revenue Portal }}</ref> construction requires minimal dredging. Its proximity to international shipping routes and its modern port facilities shorten vessel turnaround time (VTT).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Jose |date=29 December 2022 |title=Vizhinjam will make a good port |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/vizhinjam-will-make-a-good-port/article66317154.ece |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=BusinessLine |language=en|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231015202026/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/vizhinjam-will-make-a-good-port/article66317154.ece|archivedate=15 October 2023}}</ref>

When phase one was completed, Vizhinjam port was expected to accommodate 1 million TEU (20-foot-equivalent container units). Succeeding phases were expected to add another 6.2 million TEU, accounting for more than 70 percent of India's transshipment by 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vizhinjam Port |url=https://www.adaniports.com/ports-and-terminals/vizhinjam-port |website=Adani Ports |access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title='Potential to compete with Singapore': How Adani Group's Vizhinjam Port is a maritime game changer for India |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/potential-to-compete-with-singapore-how-adani-groups-vizhinjam-port-is-a-maritime-game-changer-for-india-402293-2023-10-17 |access-date=6 November 2023 |magazine=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=17 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adani's new mega port can lure world's biggest ships to India |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/adanis-new-mega-port-can-lure-worlds-biggest-ships-to-india-2727407 |access-date=6 November 2023 |agency=Deccan Herald |publisher=Bloomberg |date=15 October 2023}}</ref> The port will be connected by India's third-longest railway tunnel, due for completion in 2028.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/vizhinjam-railway-tunnel-third-longest-tunnel-in-country-to-adopt-australian-tunnelling-method/article67072115.ece|title=Vizhinjam railway tunnel, third longest tunnel in country, to adopt Austrian tunnelling method|first=Dhinesh|last=Kallungal|newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 July 2023|access-date=10 January 2024|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The STS Super Post-Panamax crane has an outreach of 72 metres, a back reach of 20 metres, a rail gauge of 35 metres, and a total lifting height of 74 metres.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zpmc.com/news/cont.aspx?id=434 | title=Shipment of Quay Cranes for the Adani Vizhinjam Port Project in India-Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co., Ltd }}</ref>

[[File:MSC at Vizhinjam.jpg|thumb|An [[Mediterranean Shipping Company|MSC]] ship arriving at the port|alt=A container ship, seen over a stand of palm trees]]
The port will include two breakwaters, a harbour basin and [[wharf]]s. In phase one, a {{convert|3180|m|ft|adj=on}} breakwater{{snd}}a main {{convert|3040|m|ft|adj=on}} breakwater and a {{convert|140|m|ft|adj=on}} extension for fishing{{snd}}was developed. Most of the 10-plus berths (2000m overall length) can accommodate large ships. A {{convert|500|m|ft|adj=on}} multipurpose berth has been designed for luxury cruise ships. The port has an {{convert|800|m|ft|adj=on}} berth capable of handling 18,000-TEU container vessels and a container yard behind its wharf with a depth of up to {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The fish-landing centre has a {{convert|500|m|ft|adj=on}} berth, a {{convert|100|m|ft|adj=on}} port-craft berth and a {{convert|120|m|ft|adj=on}} [[Indian Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] berth. The Indian Navy has storage and operation facilities and a {{convert|500|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} berth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Vizhinjam: Vizhinjam Port Project |url=https://www.vizhinjamport.org/index.php/cms/vizhinjam |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=www.vizhinjamport.org}}</ref>

===Cruise terminal===
The port provides access to beaches, historical sites and cultural attractions in Kerala, including Kovalam, Varkala, Thiruvananthapuram, and the [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]]. A planned 600-metre (2,000 feet) cruise terminal<ref>{{Cite web
| title = EIA Report
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = Kerala State Pollution Control Board
| publisher = L&T, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 48
}}</ref> will have a multipurpose 620-metre (2,030 feet) berth.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = EIA Report
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = Kerala State Pollution Control Board
| publisher = L&T, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 48
}}</ref>

===Crew changes===

Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram is expected to be a convenient crew-change point for vessels in the Indian Ocean region. Its proximity to Thiruvananthapuram International Airport, 16 km (9.9 mi) from the seaport, facilitates crew changes.The port supported crew changes for 736 vessels during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/career-and-campus/top-news/2024/07/19/revive-crew-change-at-vizhinjam-to-create-more-jobs-revenue.html|title=Shipping experts urge reviving crew changes at Vizhinjam port to boost revenue, jobs|website=Onmanorama}}</ref> The first crew change during the trial run was made in August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/first-crew-change-conducted-at-vizhinjam-international-port-1.9802305|title=First crew change conducted at Vizhinjam International Port|date=10 August 2024|website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

===Bunkering===

The port is expected to become an important destination for [[bunkering]]<ref>{{Cite web
| title = EIA Report
|url=https://vizhinjamport.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Final-VISL-DPR_27052013.pdf
| website = Kerala Pollution control Board
| publisher = L&T, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 209
}}</ref> and a significant port of call due to its location, about 10 nautical miles from a major international east–west shipping route. Its master plan provides for a liquid storage area for a bunkering-tank farm and associated utilities in the initial phase.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = DPR
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = vizhinjam port official website
| publisher = AECOM, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 83
}}</ref>

==Location==
===Suez-to-Singapore route ===
Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram is about 11 nautical miles<ref>{{cite web
| title = Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Vizhinjam Port (Phase II/III)
|url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf
| website = Adani Ports
| publisher = AECOM, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 45
}}</ref> from the Suez-to-Singapore/Far East route, a corridor connecting Europe to Asia via the [[Suez Canal]]. The route begins in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], where ships transit the Suez Canal into the [[Red Sea]], navigate the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, and continue through the [[Gulf of Aden]] and [[Arabian Sea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://porteconomicsmanagement.org/pemp/contents/part1/interoceanic-passages/main-routing-alternatives-east-asia-northern-europe/ | title=Main Routing Alternatives between East Asia and Northern Europe | Port Economics, Management and Policy | date=27 December 2019 }}</ref> It then crosses the [[Indian Ocean]], often passing through the [[Strait of Malacca]], before reaching [[Singapore]] and other major ports in the Far East. The route has significant traffic.<ref name="Vizhinjam-2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/vizhinjam-indias-first-trans-shipment-port-berths-first-mother-vessel/117524 | title=Vizhinjam, India's first trans-shipment port, berths first mother vessel | date=4 July 2024 }}</ref>

===Gulf-to-Singapore route===
The Gulf-to-Singapore route connects the [[Persian Gulf]] to Asia.<ref name="Vizhinjam-2024"/> From the gulf, ships navigate the [[Strait of Hormuz]] into the [[Gulf of Oman]] and proceed into the Arabian Sea. The route continues across the Indian Ocean (often passing through the Strait of Malacca) before reaching Singapore and other major ports in the Far East.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Vizhinjam Port (Phase II/III)
|url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf
| website = Adani ports
| publisher = AECOM, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 45
}}</ref>

==Administration==
The port is a special-purpose company owned by the [[government of Kerala]]. In 2015, [[Adani Ports & SEZ]] (APSEZ) signed a 40-year agreement with the Kerala government to build and maintain the port. Under the private-public partnership agreement, the [[Adani Group]] would design, develop, finance, and operate the port for {{INR|7,525 crore}}. They would have the right to operate the port under licence for the first 40 years, and for an additional 20 years if they build the second phase of the project at their own expense during the first 30 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vizhinjam Port: വിഴിഞ്ഞം തുറമുഖത്തേക്ക് ആദ്യ കപ്പൽ ഒക്ടോബർ 15ന് എത്തും; സ്വീകരിക്കാനൊരുങ്ങി സംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാർ |url=https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/keralam/story/the-first-vessel-will-arrive-at-vizhinjam-port-on-october-15-the-state-government-is-ready-to-accept-693066-2023-10-11 |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=India Today Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Port administration<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact - Vizhinjam International Seaport |url=https://vizhinjamport.in/contact/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>
! Position !! Name !! Affiliation/Notes
|-
|
|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|[[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
|-
|
|[[V. N. Vasavan]]
|Minister of Ports, Government of Kerala
|-
|
|Dr. A Kowsigan [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Secretary, Department of Ports, Government of Kerala
|-
|Managing director (MD)
|[[Divya S. Iyer]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited (VISL)
|-
| [[Chief executive officer]] (CEO) || Sreekumar K Nair || Appointed by Adani Ports
|-
| Project director || C. P. Pradeep || Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited
|-
| Operator || Adani Vizhinjam Port Pvt. Ltd. (AVPPL) || Subsidiary of Adani Ports & SEZ
|-
| Owner || Government of Kerala|| Through VISL, a state subsidiary
|}

==Connectivity==
===Road===

[[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]] (NH 66), about 1.7 kilometres from the port, runs parallel to the coast and links [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Kanyakumari]]. It also runs to [[Cochin Port]] via [[National Highway 966A (India)|NH 966A]].<ref>{{Cite web
| title = DPR
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = Vizhinjam Port Official Website
| publisher = AECOM, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 72
}}</ref>
Kanyakumari is a few hours' drive from Vizhinjam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magicbricks.com/blog/national-highway-44/133107.html|title=𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝟒𝟒 - Longest Highway in India (Earlier NH 7)|work=Magicbricks Blog |date=11 October 2023 }}</ref> [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] (India's longest) extends from [[Srinagar]] in the north to [[Kanyakumari]] in the south, crossing [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Tamil Nadu]]. The four-lane Thiruvananthapuram Bypass includes a 2-km approach road from the port. A six-lane [[Outer Ring Road, Thiruvananthapuram|Outer Ring Road]] (ORR) is planned to connect Vizhinjam and Navaikulam, improving access to the port.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2022/Dec/13/outer-ring-road-project-land-acquisition-proceedings-start-2527542.html|title=Outer Ring Road project: Land acquisition proceedings start|first=Express News|last=Service|date=13 December 2022|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

===Rail===
The third longest railway tunnel in India,<ref name="Kallungal-2023"/> in the initial-approval phase, will link the Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram with the [[Southern Railway zone]] main line<ref>{{Cite web
| title = DPR
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = Vizhinjam port official website
| publisher = AECOM, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 74
}}</ref> in [[Balaramapuram]]. The tunnel is being built with the [[New Austrian tunneling method]] (NATM).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1307621&u= | title=Vizhinjam railway tunnel to be constructed using low-cost Austrian tunnelling method, DPR approved | work=Keralakaumudi Daily | last1=Daily | first1=Keralakaumudi }}</ref> The 9.02-kilometre-long tunnel reaches a depth of 25–30 metres. Freight trains from the port will traverse the tunnel in 36 minutes, maintaining an average speed of 15-30 kilometres per hour (km/h). The port's link to the [[Indian Railways]] network facilitates container transport across India, and the main line connects major cities in [[Kerala]] and beyond. The [[Konkan Railway zone]] accesses the western states. The southern coastal route connects [[Tamil Nadu]] and other regions, and the project has received environmental clearance.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = DPR
|url=https://vizhinjamport.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/EC-railway-ECL_AUTH_2035E0_IA_KL_INFRA1_420053_2023.pdf
| website = Vizhinjam Port official website
| publisher = Government of India
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 1
}}</ref>

===Air===

[[Trivandrum International Airport]] is 15 kilometres<ref>{{Cite web
| title = DPR
|url=https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf
| website = Vizhinjam Port official website
| publisher = L&T, VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 36
}}</ref> from Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram. The airport<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rprealtyplus.com/index.php/realty-spotlight/adani-group-takes-over-operation-of-thiruvananthapuram-international-airport-100400.html | title=Adani Group takes over operation of Thiruvananthapuram International Airport }}</ref> and seaport are managed by the [[Adani Group]].

==Protest by fishing communities==

The local fishing communities had been protesting against the port, The protests intensified in August 2022, when hundreds of fishermen gathered at the main entrance of the project site. The fishing community, led by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum]] (representing the Catholic fishermen), took a leading role in the insurgency. The archdiocese said that the project has caused severe sea erosion, which has adversely affected the livelihood and homes of 56,000 people.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Insight: Indian tycoon Adani's mega port hangs in the balance as a fishing community protests |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-tycoon-adanis-mega-port-hangs-balance-fishing-community-protests-2022-11-23/ |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Archdiocesan [[vicar general]] Eugine H. Pereira expressed concern that the project would harm southern Kerala fishermen, saying that they were fighting for survival and accusing the ruling and opposition parties of questionable dealings with the Adani Group.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2022 |title=Rs 7,500-crore Vizhinjam seaport: Wary of losing livelihood, dwelling area, fishermen begin sit-in at Adani project site |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/crore-vizhinjam-seaport-losing-livelihood-dwelling-area-fishermen-adani-project-8094153/ |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/kerala-fishermen-vizhinjam-adani-port-protest-explained-8107064/ | title=Explained: Why fisherfolk in Kerala are protesting Adani's under-construction Vizhinjam port | date=23 August 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The protesters' chief demand was for a halt in construction until an [[environmental impact assessment]] was conducted.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Vengattil |first1=Munsif |last2=Chaturvedi |first2=Arpan |last3=Kalra |first3=Aditya |last4=Vengattil |first4=Munsif |last5=Kalra |first5=Aditya |date=23 November 2022 |title=Insight: Indian tycoon Adani's mega port hangs in the balance as a fishing community protests |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-tycoon-adanis-mega-port-hangs-balance-fishing-community-protests-2022-11-23/ |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> Rehabilitation of families who lost their homes to sea erosion, steps to mitigate coastal erosion, financial assistance to fishermen when weather warnings are issued, compensation to families of those who died in fishing accidents, subsidised kerosene, and the dredging of the Muthalappozhi fishing harbour in [[Anchuthengu]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] were other demands by the community. More than 100 families reportedly lost their homes in coastal erosion in 2021, but there is no data on relocated families other than parochial records. Studies concluded that the port construction has no impact on coastal erosion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kallungal |first=Dhinesh |date=20 September 2022 |title=Study finds no correlation between coast erosion and Vizhinjam port project |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/study-finds-no-correlation-between-coast-erosion-and-vizhinjam-port-project/article65914866.ece |access-date=12 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> About 300 families were living in schools and camps, and many others were staying in rented accommodation or with relatives after [[Cyclone Ockhi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/parties-hedge-church-backs-fishermens-protest-against-adani-port-project-8104946/ | title=As parties hedge, Church backs fishermen's protest against Adani port project | date=22 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/09/11/vizhinjam-protest-adani-port-kcbc.html | title=Vizhinjam stir to be scaled up; KCBC backs plan }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/aug/26/vizhinjam-protest-resulted-from-our-helplessnesseugine-h-pereira-2491419.html | title=Vizhinjam protest resulted from our helplessness: Eugine H Pereira | date=26 August 2022 }}</ref>

During the night of 27 November 2022, a group of fishermen attacked the Vizhinjam police station. Police reported that the group was led by the Catholic Church, and 30 officers were injured in the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vizhinjam police station attack: Police book 3000 people, FIR cites damages worth Rs 85 lakh |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vizhinjam-police-station-attack-police-book-3000-people-fir-cites-damages-worth-rs-85-lakh-1.8086408 |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=28 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Attackers demanded the release of five protesters who had been detained the previous day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2022 |title=Vizhinjam police station violence: Kerala HC dismisses plea seeking NIA probe |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vizhinjam-police-station-violence-kerala-hc-dismisses-plea-seeking-nia-probe-170631 |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> On 6 December, the protests were called off after talks between protesters and the government.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Protest against Vizhinjam sea port called for now |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/protest-against-vizhinjam-sea-port-called-for-now/articleshow/96035184.cms |access-date=6 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=വിഴിഞ്ഞം സമരം പിൻവലിച്ചു; തീരുമാനം മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയുമായി നടത്തിയ ചർച്ചയിൽ |trans-title=Vizhinjam port protest called-off after meeting with Chief Minister |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vizhinjam-protest-withdraws-after-discussion-with-kerala-cheif-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-1.8110132 |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=6 December 2022 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Legal dispute==
The [[government of Kerala]] and [[Adani Group]] have been embroiled in a legal dispute over the delay in completion of the project. The project was delayed after Adani repeatedly invoked [[force majeure]] to explain its delay. The parties later agreed to arbitration to resolve the dispute.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saikiran|first1=KP|date=22 February 2021|title=Vizhinjam port: Govt appoints Kurian Joseph as arbitrator|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/vizhinjam-port-govt-appoints-kurian-joseph-as-arbitrator/articleshow/81140831.cms}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Transport in India]]
* [[Sagar Mala project]]
* [[List of ports in India]]
** [[Mumbai Port]]
** [[International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi]]
** [[International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay]]
* [[Trivandrum Shipyard Poovar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite report |author= AECOM |url=https://vizhinjamport.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Final-VISL-DPR_27052013.pdf |title=Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Development of Vizhinjam Port |date=2013 |publisher=AECOM India Private Limited |access-date=31 July 2024}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite journal|last1=Joseph|first1=Alphonsa|last2=Beegom R. K.|first2=Bushra|date=2019|title=Vizhinjam Through the Ages: Situating the Development of Vizhinjam Port|url=https://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume7/32.pdf|journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology|volume=7|pages=531–545}}
* {{Cite web|last=MS|first=Nileena|date=22 October 2018|title=Adani's Vizhinjam port still mired in controversy after inquiry into CAG report|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/business/adani-vizhinjam-controversy-government-panel|publisher=[[The Caravan]]}}
* {{Cite web|author1=Shainu Mohan |author2=Steni Simon |date=1 January 2022|title=Thiruvananthapuram ready for a leap|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2022/jan/01/thiruvananthapuram-ready-fora-leap-2401762.html|website=The New Indian Express}}
* {{Cite news|date=9 August 2021|title=Vizhinjam seaport project: ₹94.14 crore disbursed as compensation|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vizhinjam-seaport-project-9414-crore-disbursed-as-compensation/article35811299.ece|url-access=limited|issn=0971-751X}}
* {{Cite web|author1=Soumya Bhowmick |author2=Pratnashree Basu |date=23 November 2019|title=Is India's Vizhinjam Port Plan Worth It?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/is-indias-vizhinjam-port-plan-worth-it/|url-access=limited|publisher=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]}}
* {{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Alphonsa|date=30 May 2019|title=Development For Whom? The Vizhinjam Port and Fisherpeople's Woes|url=http://ala.keralascholars.org/issues/issue-9/vizhinjam-port-and-fisherpeoples-woes/|website=ALA (അല)}}
*[https://vizhinjamport.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Addendum-to-Final-MPR_23052013-FINAL-REPORT.pdf According to the Master Plan, Vizhinjam Port has a natural depth that minimises or eliminates the need for dredging].

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181611/http://www.tribiz.in/ Trivandrum Investment and Business Zone - TRIBIZ]
*[https://www.vizhinjamport.in/ Vizhinjam Port Official Web Site.]

{{Thiruvananthapuram}}
{{ Major ports in India}}
{{Ports and harbors|Ports and harbors}}
{{Public infrastructure topics}}
{{developments}}
{{Adani Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ports and harbours of Kerala]]
[[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Companies based in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Foreign trade of India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Kerala]]
[[Category:Economy of Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Container terminals]]
[[Category:Cruise seaports]]
[[Category:Passenger ship terminals]]
[[Category:Adani Ports]]
[[Category:Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean]]

List of ZEE5 original films

2026-03-18T10:44:07Z

MatildaAldrich: enhanced structure for clarity

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}

[[ZEE5]] is an Indian on-demand Internet streaming media provider run by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix vs Amazon Prime Video vs Disney+Hotstar vs ZEE5 vs Alt Balaji vs Voot others: Subscription plans detailed|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/techook/netflix-amazon-prime-video-hotstar-disney-plus-zee5-plans-pricing-benefits-6394913/|date=2020-05-07|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It was launched in [[India]] on 14 February 2018 with content in 12 languages.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-with-ditto-tv-zee-eyes-a-game-changer-1656839 |title=With Ditto TV, Zee eyes a game-changer |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] India |date=1 March 2012}}</ref> The service has distributed a number of original programs, including original series, specials, miniseries, documentaries and films.

== Feature films ==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Genre
!Premiere
!Length
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
|[[Toba Tek Singh (film)|''Toba Tek Singh'']]
|Drama
|24 August 2018
|73 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/toba-tek-singh-portrays-human-s-ongoing-quest-118082700485_1.html|title='Toba Tek Singh' portrays human's ongoing quest|agency=Inter-Asian News Service|date=2018-08-27|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''AranyaDeb''
|Fantasy
|8 October 2018
|125 mins
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/debasish-sen-sharma-aranyadeb-is-the-marriage-between-the-real-and-unreal/articleshow/65365140.cms|title=Debasish Sen Sharma: 'AranyaDeb' is the marriage between the real and unreal - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=11 August 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tigers (2014 film)|Tigers]]''
|Drama
|13 November 2018
|90 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/emraan-hashmi-tigers-zee5-5436096/|title=Emraan Hashmi's Tigers to premiere on ZEE5|date=2018-11-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="16" |2019
|''[[Sigai]]''
|Drama
|9 January 2019
|102 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sigai-review-another-watchable-message-film-5530812/|title=Sigai review: Another watchable 'message-film'|date=2019-01-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Cabaret (2019 film)|Cabaret]]''
|Thriller
|9 January 2019
|93 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/streaming-now-sex-education-six-feet-under-cabaret-a-mixed-bag-of-content-on-ott-platforms-this-week-1992445.html|title=Streaming Now: Netflix's Sex Education to ZEE5's Cabaret – a Mixed Bag of Content on OTT Platforms This Week|website=News18|date=5 January 2019 |access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Veergati''
|Drama
|26 January 2019
|60 mins
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/zee5-original-film-veergati-marathi-india-republic-day-32378|title=Zee5 announces the next original film 'Veergati'|website=Mumbai Live|date=21 January 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kalavu (2019 film)|Kalavu]]''
|Crime thriller
|9 February 2019
|112 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/kalavu-movie-review-a-well-narrated-thriller-that-keeps-you-on-your-toes/|title=A gripping tale set in a police station|date=2019-02-13|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Sholay Girl]]''
|Drama
|3 March 2019
|106 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-sholay-girl-review-bidita-bag-5618354/|title=The Sholay Girl review: A compelling watch|date=2019-03-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''The Lovely Mrs. Mookherjee''
|Drama
|15 March 2019
|55 mins
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-lovely-mrs-mookherjee-review-swastika-mukherjee-shines-in-indranil-roychowdhurys-irreverent-dramedy-6327851.html|title=The Lovely Mrs. Mookherjee review: Swastika Mukherjee shines in Indranil Roychowdhury's irreverent dramedy|date=2019-03-26|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''377 Ab Normal''
|Drama
|19 March 2019
|90 mins
|rowspan="3" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/377-ab-normal-zee5-feature-film-depicts-desi-queers-road-to-justice|title='377 Ab Normal' Beautifully Depicts Desi Queers' Road to Justice|date=2019-03-20|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yours Truly (2018 film)|Yours Truly]]''
|Drama
|3 May 2019
|80 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-soni-razdan-pankaj-tripathi-aahana-kumra-and-vinay-pathak-starrer-yours-truly-premieres-on-zee5-2744751|title=Soni Razdan, Pankaj Tripathi, Aahana Kumra and Vinay Pathak starrer 'Yours Truly' premieres on ZEE5|date=2019-04-30|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Badnaam Gali]]''
|Drama comedy
|9 May 2019
|95 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/zee5-premiering-two-web-films-on-mothers-day--badnaam-gali-and-date-1976051.html|title=ZEE5 premiering two web films on Mother's Day — Badnaam Gali and D.A.T.E|website=The New Indian Express|date=13 May 2019 |access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref>
|-
|''7 no. Sanatan Sanyal''
|Drama
|7 June 2019
|90 mins
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee5-original-movie-7-no-sanatan-sanyal-review-120149/|title=আর একটি খুনের গল্প নয়, '৭ নম্বর সনাতন সান্যাল' একটা আয়না|date=2019-07-12|website=Indian Express Bangla|language=bn-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Igloo (2019 film)|Igloo]]''
|Drama
|17 July 2019
|138 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/jul/19/igloo-movie-review-a-heart-warming-love-story-2006468.html|title='Igloo' movie review: A heart-warming love story|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref>
|-
|''Dhrusti''
|Crime thriller
|25 July 2019
|112 mins
|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Barot House]]''
|Thriller
|7 August 2019
|92 mins
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-07-05|title=ZEE5's next original 'Barot House' starring Amit Sadh and Manjari Fadnis to begin streaming on THIS date|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee5-s-next-original-barot-house-starring-amit-sadh-and-manjari-fadnis-to-begin-streaming-on-this-date-2768269|access-date=2020-07-09|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Posham Pa]]''
|Psychological thriller
|21 August 2019
|75 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-08-28|title=Posham Pa is kind of like Breaking Bad: Mahie Gill|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-anger-within-5942627/|access-date=2020-07-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Line of Descent]]''{{efn|The film had a [[simultaneous release]] in theaters and [[Video on demand]] in United states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-12-12/line-of-descent|title=Review: Brendan Fraser sparks Indian crime drama 'Line of Descent'|date=13 December 2019|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>}}
|Crime drama
|20 December 2019
|95 mins
|Hindi English{{efn|Bilingual film}}
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-20|title=My work has been ahead of the curve: Abhay Deol|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/abhay-deol-line-of-descent-zee5-independent-films-6186205/|access-date=2020-07-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Happi (film)|Happi]]''
|Comedy drama
|25 December 2019
|135 mins
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Nadadhur|first=Srivathsan|date=2019-12-28|title=Happi Zee5 Movie Review - A Bitter-Sweet Ode to an Ever-Changing Metropolis|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/happi-zee5-movie-review/|access-date=2020-07-09|website=Binged|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="27" |2020
| ''[[Operation Parindey (film)|Operation Parindey]]''
|Thriller
|4 February 2020
|60 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/sanjay-gadhvi-dhoom-director-digital-debut-operation-parindey-zee5-6152473/|title=Dhoom director Sanjay Gadhvi to make digital debut with ZEE5 film Operation Parindey|date=2019-12-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bamfaad]]''
| Drama
| 10 April 2020
| 102 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/10-best-shows-and-movies-to-watch-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-disney-hotstar-vodafone-play-zee5-and-voot-select-this-week/|title=10 best shows and movies to watch on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ Hotstar, Vodafone Play, Zee5 and Voot Select this week|date=6 April 2020|website=Gqindia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410082257/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/10-best-shows-and-movies-to-watch-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-disney-hotstar-vodafone-play-zee5-and-voot-select-this-week/amp/|archive-date=10 April 2020|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ateet''
| Drama
| 21 April 2020
| 129 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/may/19/theatres-vs-ott-whos-winning-the-movie-war-2145027.html|title=Theatres vs OTT: Who's winning the movie war?|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 May 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Amrutharamam]]''
|Romantic drama
|28 April 2020
|115 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-29|title=Amrutharamam Review|url=https://www.gulte.com/moviereviews/2843/amrutharamam-review-amrutharamam-movie-review-amrutharamam-talk|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Gulte|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Court Martial (2020 film)|Court Martial]]''
|Drama
|6 May 2020
| 96 mins
|rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-25|title=Rajeev Khandelwal says role in upcoming play is an ode to his father|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rajeev-khandelwal-says-role-in-upcoming-play-is-an-ode-to-his-father/story-o5PLR4g1QN28JtjMgRSpsK.html|access-date=2020-07-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ghoomketu]]''
| Comedy drama
|22 May 2020
| 108 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/nawazuddin-siddiqui-and-anurag-kashyap-starrer-ghoomketu-to-release-on-zee5-6401398/|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Anurag Kashyap starrer Ghoomketu to release on ZEE5|date=9 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mamakiki]]''
| Comedy
| 30 May 2020
| 97 mins
| Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/jun/02/mamakiki-review-this-comedy-well-runs-dry-2150914.html|title='MamaKiki' review: This comedy well runs dry|website=The New Indian Express|date=2 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chintu Ka Birthday]]''
|Drama
|5 June 2020
| 80 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chintu-ka-birthday-to-release-on-zee5/article31679286.ece|title='Chintu ka Birthday' to release on Zee5|author=The Hindu Net Desk|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 May 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yaadhumagi Nindraai]]''
|Drama
|19 June 2020
|106 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2020/jun/19/yaadhumaagi-nindraai-review-flat-narrative-weighs-down-strong-message-18986.html|title=Yaadhumaagi Nindraai review: Flat narrative weighs down strong message|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=19 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''Unlock - The Haunted App''
|Horror
|27 June 2020
| 58 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/unlock-the-haunted-app-teaser-out-hina-khan-takes-to-dark-web-to-fulfill-her-sinister-wishes-1691780-2020-06-23|title=Unlock teaser out: Hina Khan takes to dark web to fulfill her sinister wishes|first=Shweta|last=Keshri|date=23 June 2020|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|''[[47 Days]]'' || Drama || 30 June 2020 || 104 mins
| Telugu || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/satyadevs-mystery-thriller-47-days-to-have-a-direct-ott-release-soon/articleshow/76352122.cms|title=Satyadev's mystery thriller 47 Days to have a direct-OTT release - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=13 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cocktail (2020 film)|Cocktail]]'' || Comedy || 10 July 2020 || 132 mins || Tamil || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yogi-babus-cocktail-set-for-an-ott-release/articleshow/76683864.cms|title=Yogi Babu's Cocktail set for an OTT release - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Virgin Bhanupriya]]''
|Comedy
|16 July 2020
|111 mins
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Yaara]]''
|Action thriller
|30 July 2020
|130 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/tigmanshu-dhulia-yaara-to-premiere-on-zee-5-on-july-30-6494194/|title=ZEE5 film Yaara set to premiere on July 30|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 July 2020|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Meka Suri (film)|Meka Suri]]''
|Thriller
|31 July 2020
|86 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Meka Suri - Part 1 Review: A predictable revenge drama|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/meka-suri/ottmoviereview/77185792.cms|access-date=2020-09-12}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Danny (2020 film)|Danny]]''
|Action
|1 August 2020
|95 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|first=Rajeshwari|last=Manikandan |date=2019-03-05|title=First Look Posters Of Varalaxmi Sarathkumar's 'Danny' Unveiled|url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/first-look-posters-of-varalaxmi-sarathkumars-danny-unveiled/|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Silverscreen India|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pareeksha (2019 film)|Pareeksha]]''
|Drama
|6 August 2020
|102 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web |date=12 July 2020 |title=Prakash Jha's Pareeksha — The Final Test, starring Adil Hussain, to premiere on ZEE5 on 6 August|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/prakash-jhas-pareeksha-the-final-test-starring-adil-hussain-to-premiere-on-zee5-on-6-august-8588151.html/|access-date=12 July 2020 |publisher=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lock Up (2020 film)|Lock Up]]''
|Thriller
|14 August 2020
|106 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/jun/29/vaibhav-venkat-prabhus-lock-up-to-get-a-ott-release-19128.html|title=Vaibhav, Venkat Prabhu's Lock Up to get an OTT release|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=29 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mee Raqsam]]''
|Drama
|21 August 2020
|95 mins
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web |date=21 July 2020 |title=Naseeruddin Shah's ZEE5 film Mee Raqsam to release on August 21|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/naseeruddin-shah-zee5-film-mee-raqsam-to-release-on-august-21-6516652/|access-date=21 July 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Atkan Chatkan]]''
|Musical drama
|5 September 2020
|126 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/atkan-chatkan-sivamani-ar-rahman-musical-drama-6569594|title=A R Rahman turns presenter for ZEE5 film Atkan Chatkan|work=The Indian Express|date=26 August 2020|access-date=7 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tiki-Taka (film)|Tiki Taka]]''
|Sports drama
|11 September 2020
|104 mins
| Bengali
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/parambrata-chattopadhyay-zee5-tiki-taka-6571717/lite/|title=Parambrata Chattopadhyay to star in and direct ZEE5's Tiki-Taka|work=The Indian Express|date=27 August 2020|access-date=5 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[London Confidential]]''
|Thriller
|18 September 2020
|77 mins
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=2020-08-25|title=Purab Kohli and Mouni Roy starrer London Confidential to stream on ZEE5|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mouni-roy-purab-kohli-london-confidential-zee5-6569406/|access-date=2020-09-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Comedy Couple]]''
|Romantic comedy
|21 October 2020
|117 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Comedy Couple movie review: Initially fun and fresh, but ultimately surface and flat take on unmarriagehood in Gurgaon |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/comedy-couple-movie-review-initially-fun-and-fresh-but-ultimately-surface-and-flat-take-on-unmarriagehood-in-gurgaon-8938081.html |website=Firstpost |date=21 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Taish]]''
|Thriller
|29 October 2020
|178 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bejoy-nambiars-taish-to-premiere-on-zee5-in-october-2916731.html|title=Bejoy Nambiar's 'Taish' To Premiere On ZEE5 In October|access-date=2020-09-29|website=News 18|date=28 September 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Meka Suri 2]]''
|Crime thriller
|29 November 2020
|86 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Meka Suri 2' wows again|url=https://telanganatoday.com/meka-suri-2-wows-again|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Telangana Today|date=10 December 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Darbaan]]''
|Drama
|4 December 2020
|145 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee5-announces-next-original-gilm-darbaan-family-drama-based-on-a-story-by-rabindranath-tagore/|title=ZEE5 Announces Next Original Gilm {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source}} 'Darbaan', Family Drama Based On A Story By Rabindranath Tagore|date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Oru Pakka Kathai]]''
| Romantic drama
|25 December 2020
|124 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Pradeep|date=2020-12-23|title=Balaji Tharaneetharan thought 'Oru Pakka Kathai' would remain unreleased|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/balaji-tharaneetharan-thought-oru-pakka-kathai-would-remain-unreleased/article33400465.ece|access-date=2020-12-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="29" |2021
|''[[Nail Polish (film)|Nail Polish]]''
| Thriller
|1 January 2021
|128 mins
| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/bollywood/nail-polish-trailer-arjun-rampal-will-see-you-in-court-in-this-gritty-drama-2329708.html|title=Nail Polish trailer: Arjun Rampal will 'see you in court' in this gritty drama|date=9 December 2020|website=Zee News|language=en-US|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=9 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209031453/https://www.zeenews.india.com/bollywood/nail-polish-trailer-arjun-rampal-will-see-you-in-court-in-this-gritty-drama-2329708.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kaagaz]]''
| Biopic
|7 January 2021
|109 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/dec/15/pankaj-tripathis-kaagaz-to-release-on-zee5-in-january-2236513|title=Pankaj Tripathi's 'Kaagaz' to release on ZEE5 in January|date=15 December 2020|website=New Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=1 January 2021}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lahore Confidential]]''
|Thriller
|4 February 2021
|77 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/lahore-confidential-will-premiere-4th-feburary-2021-on-zee5-60389|title=Lahore Confidential' will premiere 4th Februrary [sic] 2021 on ZEE5|work=Mumbailive.com|date= 18 January 2021|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Wife (2021 film)|The Wife]]''
|Horror
|19 March 2021
|106 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zee5's horror film 'The Wife' to release on March 19|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/feb/18/zee5s-horror-film-the-wife-to-release-on-march-19-2265393|date=18 February 2021|website=New Indian Express|access-date=23 February 2021|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713234802/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/feb/18/zee5s-horror-film-the-wife-to-release-on-march-19-2265393|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]''
|Thriller
|26 March 2021
|136 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/manoj-bajpayees-silence-to-premiere-on-zee5-7187150|title=Manoj Bajpayee's Silence to premiere on ZEE5 |work=The Indian Express|access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mathil (2021 Movie)|Mathil]]''
| Social drama
|14 April 2021
|104 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ஓடிடியில் வெளியாகும் கே.எஸ். ரவிக்குமாரின் 'மதில்': மனசாட்சிப்படி எதிரிகளை சந்திக்கும் உரிமைக்குரல்!|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/sitara/cinema/ks-ravikumar-to-star-in-ott-film-titled-mathil-directed-by-mithran-jawahar/tamil-nadu20210328133618509|access-date=2021-04-07|website=ETV Bharat News|date=28 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=KS Ravikumar stars in Zee5's Mathil|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/28/ks-ravikumar-stars-in-mathil-23642.html|access-date=2021-04-07|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=28 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raat Baaki Hai]]''
|Suspense thriller
|16 April 2021
|89 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-23|title=ZEE5 unveils the first look of new original Raat Baaki Hai|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/zee5-unveils-the-first-look-of-new-original-raat-baaki-hai/|access-date=2021-03-25|website=EasternEye|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Battala Ramaswamy Biopikku]]''
|Comedy drama
|14 May 2021
|136 mins
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-05|title=Battala Ramaswamy Biopikku to have a direct OTT release|url=https://www.yovizag.com/battala-ramaswamy-biopikku-to-have-a-direct-ott-release/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vizag|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Crrush]]''
|Adult comedy
| rowspan="2" |9 July 2021
|129 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu's Crrush will release on ZEE5 on THIS day |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ravi-babus-crrush-will-release-on-zee5-on-this-day/763 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[State of Siege: Temple Attack]]''
|Action thriller
|110 mins
| rowspan="6" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web |title= State of Siege Temple Attack trailer: Akshaye Khanna fights terrorists in Ken Ghosh film|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/state-of-siege-temple-attack-trailer-akshaye-khanna-ken-ghosh-7386344|date=2 July 2021|work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[14 Phere]]''
|Comedy drama
|23 July 2021
|111 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vikrant-massey-kriti-kharbanda-starrer-14-phere-premiere-zee5-july-23/|title=Vikrant Massey and Kriti Kharbanda starrer 14 Phere to premiere on ZEE5 on July 23|date=5 July 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dial 100 (2021 film)|Dial 100]]''
|Thriller
|6 August 2021
|104 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dial-100-trailer-out-manoj-bajpayee-neena-gupta-s-thriller-to-premiere-on-zee5-on-august-6-1830537-2021-07-20|title=Dial 100 trailer out. Manoj Bajpayee, Neena Gupta's thriller to premiere on Zee5 on August 6|date=20 July 2021|work=India Today|access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[200 Halla Ho]]''
|Crime thriller
|20 August 2021
|115 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |title= 200 Halla Ho trailer: When 200 Dalit women attacked a rapist|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/200-halla-ho-trailer-zee5-7440188/|date=5 August 2021|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Helmet (film)|Helmet]]''
|Comedy drama
|3 September 2021
|104 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/helmet-trailer-aparshakti-khurana-abhishek-banerjee-zee5-7459754/|title=Helmet trailer: Aparshakti Khurana, Abhishek Banerjee turn entrepreneurs with a truck load of condoms|work=The Indian Express|date=18 August 2021|access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kya Meri Sonam Gupta Bewafa Hai?]]''
|Comedy drama
|rowspan="3" | 10 September 2021
|136 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/kya-meri-sonam-gupta-bewafa-hai-trailer-has-comedy-romance-social-message20210827002128/|title='Kya Meri Sonam Gupta Bewafa Hai?' trailer has comedy, romance, social message|work=ANI Nees|date=27 August 2021|access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dikkiloona]]''
|Si-Fi comedy
|144 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Santhanam's Dikkiloona gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/santhanam-dikkiloona-to-release-on-zee5-on-this-date-7460060/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Net (film)|Net]]''
|Thriller drama
|103 mins
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Teaser for ZEE5 original movie 'NET' is out and Avika Gor is all excited |url=https://telanganatoday.com/teaser-for-zee5-original-movie-net-is-out-and-avika-gor-is-all-excited |website=Telangana Today |date=20 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Alanti Sitralu]]''
|Adult drama
|24 September 2021
|141 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Movie Review: Alanti Sitralu is a One Time Watch|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/movie-review-alanti-sitralu-one-time-watch-143623|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Sakshi Post|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vinodhaya Sitham]]''
|Comedy drama
|13 October 2021
|97 mins
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuthirakani's Vinodhaya Sitham to premiere on ZEE5 on October 13 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/30/samuthirakani-s-vinodhaya-sitham-to-premiere-on-zee5-on-october-13-26991.html |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=[[CinemaExpress.com]]|date=30 September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|''Jinne Jamme Saare Nikkame''
|Comedy
|14 October 2021
|132 mins
|Punjabi
|
|-
|''[[Rashmi Rocket]]''
|Sports drama
|15 October 2021
|129 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/taapsee-pannu-starrer-rashmi-rocket-takes-ott-route-set-release-15-october-898832|title=Taapsee Pannu starrer Rashmi Rocket takes the OTT route, set to release on 15 October|work=Pinkvilla|date=20 September 2021|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Heads and Tales (film)|Heads and Tales]]''
|Suspense drama
|22 October 2021
|83 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suspense drama Heads and Tales is all set to come out on Zee5 on this date|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suspense-drama-heads-and-tales-is-all-set-to-come-out-on-zee5-on-this-date/a47637d69a648|access-date=2021-10-07|website=OTTPlay|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aafat-E-Ishq]]''
|Black comedy
|29 October 2021
|114 mins
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/neha-sharmas-aafateishq-to-release-on-october-29-on-zee5/2175269|title=Neha Sharma's 'Aafat-E-Ishq' to release on October 29 on ZEE5|work=Outlook India|date=8 October 2021|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Squad (2021 film)|Squad]]''
|Action thriller
|12 November 2021
|124 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=Rinzing Denzongpa and Malvika Raaj's debut film Squad to release on ZEE5 on November 12, 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rinzing-denzongpa-and-malvika-raajs-debut-film-squad-to-release-on-zee5-on-november-12-2021/|access-date=30 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bob Biswas]]''
|Crime thriller
|3 December 2021
|131 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 November 2021|title=Abhishek Bachchan transforms into cold-blooded killer Bob Biswas in new teaser: 'Nazar aap par hai'|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-bob-biswas-new-teaser-watch-video-7629559/|access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[420 IPC]]''
|Suspense drama
|17 December 2021
|98 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Vinay Pathak, Ranvir Shorey's Zee5 film 420 IPC is a total suspense drama. Trailer out|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/vinay-pathak-ranvir-shorey-s-zee5-film-420-ipc-is-a-total-suspense-drama-trailer-out-1882974-2021-12-01|date=2 December 2021|work=India Today |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Blood Money (2021 film)|Blood Money]]''
|Family thriller
|24 December 2021
|89 mins
|Tamil
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Balachandran |first1=Logesh |title=Blood Money - Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/blood-money/ottmoviereview/88318485.cms |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Murder at Teesri Manzil 302]]''
|Murder mystery
| rowspan="2" |31 December 2021
|120 mins
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Irrfan's Murder at Teesri Manzil 302, Sanjay Mishra's Turtle and Waah Zindagi to stream on Zee5|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/irrfan-s-murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-sanjay-mishra-s-turtle-and-waah-zindagi-to-stream-on-zee5-1894127-2021-12-30|access-date=2 January 2012|work=India Today|date=30 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Waah Zindagi]]''
|Comedy drama
|107 mins
|-
| rowspan="9" |2022
|''[[Mudhal Nee Mudivum Nee]]''
| Coming-of-age film
|21 January 2022
| 150 mins
|Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[36 Farmhouse]]''
| Comedy drama
| 21 January 2022
| 107 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=36 Farmhouse trailer: Subhash Ghai returns with a comedy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/36-farmhouse-trailer-subhash-ghai-zee-5-7717993/|date=11 January 2022|work= The Indian Express|access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Malli Modalaindi]]''
|Romantic drama
|11 February 2022
|126 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2022-02-11|title='Malli Modalaindi' movie review: A fairly refreshing take on life after divorce|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/malli-modalaindi-movie-review-a-fairly-refreshing-take-on-life-after-divorce/article38411438.ece|access-date=2022-02-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Hostel]]''
| Crime thriller
| 25 February 2022
| 100 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vikrant Massey, Sanya Malhotra and Bobby Deol starrer Love Hostel to premiere on ZEE5 on February 25, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vikrant-massey-sanya-malhotra-bobby-deol-starrer-love-hostel-premiere-zee5-february-25-2022/|date=4 February 2022|access-date=4 February 2022|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kinnerasani (film)|''Kinnerasani'']]
|Mystery thriller
|10 June 2022
|129 mins
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2022-06-10 |title=ZEE5 to stream Telugu film 'Kinnerasani' on 10 June |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/zee5-to-stream-telugu-film-kinnerasani-on-10-june-11654836653338.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Atithi Bhooto Bhava]]''
|Romantic comedy
|23 September 2022
|114 mins
| rowspan="13" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ghosh|first=Ananya |date=2022-09-24 |title='Atithi Bhooto Bhava': The Friendly Ghost Trope Resurfaces In This Pratik Gandhi-Jackie Shroff Starrer|url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/entertainment/atithi-bhooto-bhava-the-friendly-ghost-trope-resurfaces-in-this-pratik-gandhi-jackie-shroff-starrer/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |magazine=[[MW (Indian magazine)|Man's World]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tadka (film)|Tadka]]''
|Comedy drama
|4 November 2022
|115 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Taapsee Pannu, Ali Fazal's film Tadka releases online, also stars Shriya Saran, Nana Patekar. Watch trailer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-ali-fazal-s-film-tadka-releases-online-see-trailer-101667545537294.html|access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|''[[India Lockdown]]''
|Drama
|2 December 2022
|112 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 November 2022|title=Madhur Bhandarkar's India Lockdown to release directly on ZEE5; stars Shweta Basu Prasad, Aahana Kumra, Prateik Babbar|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhur-bhandarkars-india-lockdown-release-directly-zee5-stars-shweta-basu-prasad-aahana-kumra-prateik-babbar/|access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Blurr]]''
|Horror thriller
|9 December 2022
|126 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2022|title=Taapsee Pannu's Blurr to release on ZEE5 next month|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-next-month/articleshow/95708051.cms|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="13" |2023
|''[[Chhatriwali (film)|Chhatriwali]]''
|Romantic comedy
|20 January 2023
|116 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhatriwali: Rakul Preet Singh Announces Release Of Her Movie On ZEE5 On World AIDS Day|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rakul-preet-singh-led-chhatriwali-to-arrive-on-zee5-3568767|work=NDTV|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Operation Fryday''{{efn|Originally titled ''Shooter'', the film was stuck in [[development hell]] for more than a decade before finally releasing in 2023.<ref>[https://accessbollywood.net/2023/03/03/movie-review-operation-fryday-2023/ Movie Review: Operation Fryday (2023)]. 3 March 2023. ''Access Bollywood''.</ref>}}
|Action
|26 January 2023
|135 mins
|<ref>[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/operation-fryday/0-0-1z5295439 Operation Fryday]. ''[[Zee5]]''.</ref>
|-
|''[[Lost (2023 film)|Lost]]''
|Thriller
|16 February 2023
|124 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/yami-gautams-lost-to-arrive-on-zee5-on-february-16-8405876/|title=Yami Gautam's 'Lost' to arrive on ZEE5 on February 16|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanjoos Makhichoos]]''
|Comedy
|24 March 2023
|116 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/kunal-kemmu-shweta-tripathis-comedy-kanjoos-makhichoos-to-premiere-on-zee5-this-march/articleshow/98636997.cms|title=Kunal Kemmu-Shweta Tripathi's comedy 'Kanjoos Makhichoos' to premiere on Zee5 this March|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=14 March 2023|access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mrs Undercover]]''
|Spy comedy
|14 April 2023
|107 mins
|
|-
|''[[U-Turn (2023 film)|U-Turn]]''
|Supernatural thriller
|28 April 2023
|101 mins
|
|-
|''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''
|Courtroom drama
|23 May 2023
|132 mins
|
|-
|''[[Tarla]]''
|Biopic
|7 July 2023
|127 mins
|
|-
|''[[Haddi]]''
|Crime drama
|7 September 2023
|134 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |title= Not The Big Screen, Nawazuddin's Film 'Haddi' Based On Transgender's Life Opts For OTT Release |url= https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/not-the-big-screen-nawazuddins-film-haddi-based-on-transgenders-life-opts-for-ott-release-603205.html |work=IndiaTimes |date= 20 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Prema Vimanam]]''
|Comedy
|13 October 2023
|146 mins
| Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5 Original Film Prema Vimanam to release on October 13 |url= https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/sep/16/zee5-original-film-prema-vimanam-to-release-on-october-13-47693.html |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date= 16 September 2023 |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kadak Singh]]''
|Thriller
|8 December 2023
|128 mins
| rowspan="27" | Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kadak Singh trailer: Pankaj Tripathi's next is a suspense thriller about identity|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kadak-singh-trailer-pankaj-tripathis-next-is-a-suspense-thriller-about-identity-9035305/|date=20 November 2023|work=The Indian Express|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Once Upon Two Times]]''
|Drama
|23 December 2023
|106 mins
|<ref>{{cite web | last=Features | first=CE | title=Sanjay Suri and Mrinal Kulkarni's Once Upon Two Times to release on this date | website=Cinema Express | date=17 December 2023 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/Dec/17/sanjay-suri-and-mrinal-kulkarnis-once-upon-two-times-to-release-on-this-date-50466.html}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Safed (film)|Safed]]''
|Drama
|29 December 2023
|69 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Abhay Verma and Meera Chopra starrer Safed to release on this date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/dec/14/abhay-verma-and-meera-chopra-starrersafedto-release-on-this-date-50369.html|access-date=16 December 2023|date=14 December 2023|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="11" |2024
|''[[Lantrani]]''
| Comedy drama
|9 February 2024
|99 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jitendra Kumar to feature in Gurvinder Singh's anthology film 'Lantrani'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jitendra-kumar-johny-lever-to-join-forces-for-gurvinder-singhs-lantrani-2494397-2024-01-27|access-date=27 January 2024|date=27 January 2024|work=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Woh Bhi Din The]]''
| Comedy drama
|30 March 2024
|126 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rohit Saraf's Woh Bhi Din The gets release date after decade-long delay |url=https://www.news9live.com/videos/entertainment-videos/woh-bhi-din-the-trailer-rohit-saraf-sanjana-sanghis-film-gets-release-date-after-decade-long-delay-watch-2480250|access-date=28 March 2024|date=28 March 2024|work=News Nine}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout]]''
| Thriller
|16 April 2024
|142 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sequel of Manoj Bajpayee's 'Silence' announced|newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 July 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/sequel-of-manoj-bajpayees-silence-announced/articleshow/102143347.cms|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kaam Chalu Hai]]''
| Drama
|19 April 2024
|82 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajpal Yadav-Starrer 'Kaam Chalu Hai' Zeroes In On Car Crashes Caused By Potholes|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rajpal-yadav-starrer-kaam-chalu-hai-zeroes-in-on-car-crashes-caused-by-potholes|access-date=2024-04-03|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''House of Lies''
|Mystery crime
|31 May 2024
|88 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Zee5's 'House Of Lies' movie review: Sanjay Kapoor's murder mystery is instantly forgettable|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zee5s-house-of-lies-movie-review-sanjay-kapoors-murder-mystery-is-instantly-forgettable-13777383.html|access-date=2024-06-01 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Luv Ki Arrange Marriage]]''
|Romantic comedy
|14 June 2024
|120 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Luv Ki Arrange Marriage: Sunny Singh-Avneet Kaur starrer to release on ZEE5 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/luv-ki-arrange-marriage-trailer-sunny-singh-avneet-kaur-starrer-release-zee5-date/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}} </ref>
|-
|''[[Rautu Ka Raaz]]''
|Comedy crime drama
|28 June 2024
|115 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1069398/rautu-ka-raaz-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiqui-plays-a-cop-investigating-a-murder-in-a-hill-station|title='Rautu Ka Raaz' trailer: Nawazuddin Siddiqui plays a cop investigating a murder in a hill station
|website=Scroll|date=17 June 2024
|language=en|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-14 |title=
Rautu Ka Raaz Trailer: Nawazuddin Siddiqui plays a smart cop in lazy murder investigation, watch|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rautu-ka-raaz-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiqui-plays-smart-cop-lazy-murder-investigation-watch/|access-date=2024-06-01 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kakuda (film)|Kakuda]]''
|Horror comedy
|12 July 2024
|116 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|date=21 June 2024|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kakuda-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-sonakshi-sinha-riteish-deshmukh-and-saqib-saleems-spooky-comedy-1319244|title=Kakuda OTT Release: When and where to watch Sonakshi Sinha, Riteish Deshmukh and Saqib Saleem's spooky comedy|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=21 June 2024|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/entertainment/2024/06/21/ent7-film-sonakshi-riteish.html|title=Sonakshi Sinha Riteish Deshmukh-starrer 'Kakuda' to debut on ZEE5 in July|work=TheWeek|access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Berlin (2023 film)|Berlin]]''
|Spy thriller
|13 September 2024
|119 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Aparshakti Khurana and Ishwak Singh's 'Berlin' to release on Sep 13 on ZEE5|url=https://theprint.in/feature/aparshakti-khurana-and-ishwak-singhs-berlin-to-release-on-sep-13-on-zee5/2244255/|publisher=ThePrint|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Love, Sitara]]''
|Romantic drama
|27 September 2024
|105 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Love Sitara trailer: Sobhita Dhulipala is an aspiring bride in this new-age family drama|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/love-sitara-trailer-sobhita-dhulipala-iaspiring-bride-in-this-new-age-family-drama-2598807-2024-09-12|publisher=India Today|access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Despatch (film)|Despatch]]''
|Crime drama
|13 December 2024
|151 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |date=22 November 2024 |title=Despatch OTT release date: Here's when and where to watch Manoj Bajpayee's thriller drama|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/despatch-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-manoj-bajpayees-thriller-drama-watch-teaser/7a926a437d885|website=OTT Play}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" |2025
|''[[Hisaab Barabar]]''
|Crime drama
|24 January 2025
|112 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hisaab-barabar-on-ott-r-madhavan-takes-on-financial-fraud-in-upcoming-satirical-drama/17d200e20f400 |title=Hisaab Barabar on OTT: R Madhavan takes on financial fraud in upcoming satirical drama|work=OTT Play |date=9 January 2025 |access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mrs. (film)|Mrs.]]
|Drama
|7 February 2025
|111 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 January 2025 |title=Mrs OTT Release: When and where to watch Sanya Malhotra's award-winning movie online |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/mrs-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-sanya-malhotras-award-winning-movie-online-1366546 |access-date=11 January 2025 |work=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
|-
|[[Logout (film)|''Logout'']]
|Thriller drama
|18 April 2025
|108 mins
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Naaz |first=Fareha |title=Logout OTT release: Irfan Khan fans excited over son Babil Khan movie; here's when, where to watch cyber-thriller online |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/logout-ott-release-irfan-khan-fans-excited-over-son-babil-khan-movie-heres-when-where-to-watch-cyber-thriller-online-11744178080699.html |website=Mint |date=9 April 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Costao]]''
|Crime drama
|1 May 2025
|124 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Was Nawazuddin Siddiqui cast in Costao because of his resemblance to Customs officer? Director Sejal Shah spills the beans |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/was-nawazuddin-siddiqui-cast-in-costao-because-of-his-resemblance-to-customs-officer-director-sejal-shah-spills-the-beans/558722f52b738 |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Interrogation (2025 film)|Interrogation]]''
| Suspense crime thriller
|20 May 2025
|95 mins
|
|-
|''[[Detective Sherdil]]''
|Mystery thriller
|20 June 2025
|106 mins
|
|-
|''[[Kaalidhar Laapata]]''
|Drama
|4 July 2025
|109 mins
|
|-
|''[[Tehran (2025 film)|Tehran]]''
| Action thriller
|14 August 2025
|116 mins
|
|-
|[[Bhagwat Chapter One: Raakshas|''Bhagwat Chapter One: Raakshas'']]
|Crime thriller
|17 October 2025
|127 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Abhilasha |title=Bhagwat Chapter 1: Raakshas OTT Release Date, Cast, Story & Streaming Details |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/bhagwat-chapter-1-raakshas-ott-release-date-cast-story-streaming-details-10528843 |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=www.pratidintime.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saali Mohabbat]]''
|Drama
|12 December 2025
|116 mins
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2026
|''Safia/Safdar''
|Drama
|16 January 2026
|105 mins
|
|-
|''[[Kennedy (film)|Kennedy]]''
|Neo-noir crime thriller
|20 February 2026
|147 mins
|
|-
|''[[Jab Khuli Kitaab]]''
|Romance comedy
|6 March 2026
|115 mins
|
|}

==Zee Plex==
On 2 October 2020, Zee launched a [[Video on demand#Premium|PVOD]] and [[Pay-per-view]] service called Zee Plex for its streaming service ZEE5, and various [[Direct-to-home television in India|DTH]] services in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zee-launches-pay-per-view-movie-service-zee-plex-11598956638832.html|title=Zee launches pay-per-view movie service Zee Plex|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=1 September 2020|website=mint}}</ref>

===Indian===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Genre
!Premiere
!Length
!Language
!Notes
!class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
|''[[Ka Pae Ranasingam]]''
|Political drama
|2 October 2020
|176 mins
|Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2020 |title=Ka Pae Ranasingam' teaser looks bold and powerful! |work=Sify |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ka-pae-ranasingam-teaser-looks-bold-and-powerful-news-tamil-ufylH9iabhgbd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524113530/https://www.sify.com/movies/ka-pae-ranasingam-teaser-looks-bold-and-powerful-news-tamil-ufylH9iabhgbd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Khaali Peeli]]''
|Romantic action
|2 October 2020
|120 mins
|rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ishaan-khatter-ananya-panday-s-khaali-peeli-gets-a-digital-release-streaming-date-out-2841543|title=Ishaan Khatter-Ananya Panday's 'Khaali Peeli' gets a digital release; streaming date out|access-date=2020-09-07|website=DNA|date=7 September 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/khaali-peeli-makers-to-have-drive-in-premieres-in-gurugram-bengaluru/23004247|title=Khaali Peeli makers to have drive-in premieres in Gurugram, Bengaluru|website=Mid-Day|
first=Mohar| last=Basu|date=23 September 2020 |access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2021
|''[[The Power (2021 Indian film)|The Power]]''
|Action thriller
|14 January 2021
|155 mins
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/vidyut-jammwal-not-interested-promoting-power-producer-vijay-galani-breaks-silence/|title=s Vidyut Jammwal not interested in promoting The Power? Producer Vijay Galani breaks silence|last=Seta|first=Fenil|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=12 January 2021|accessdate=7 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Basta''
|Comedy
|29 January 2021
|120 mins
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sayali Sanjeev-starrer Basta to be released on 29 January on ZeePlex|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jan/19/28491/sayali-sanjeev-starrer-basta-to-be-released-on-29-january-on-zeeplex|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201030336/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jan/19/28491/sayali-sanjeev-starrer-basta-to-be-released-on-29-january-on-zeeplex|url-status=live|archive-date=1 February 2021|access-date=2021-01-19|website=cinestaan.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ninnila Ninnila]]''
| Romantic comedy
| 26 February 2021
| 118 mins
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=2021-06-08 |title=Ani IV Sasi’s short film ‘Maya’, about a writer’s inspiration, releases June 11 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-film-had-won-the-best-short-fiction-award-at-the-chicago-south-asian-film-festival/article34761152.ece |access-date=2026-02-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''Sita: On The Road''
|Drama
|5 March 2021
|115 mins
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZeePlex releases the trailer of Sita On The Road|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/zeeplex-releases-the-trailer-of-sita-on-the-road-2344721.html|access-date=2021-02-27|website=zeenews.india.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Avwanchhit''
|Drama
|9 March 2021
|118 mins
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avwanchhit: Mrinmayee Godbole Starrer Film Releases On Zeeplex|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/avwanchhit-mrinmayee-godbole-starrer-film-releases-on-zeeplex/60588d4839ae83052d2d213f|access-date=2021-03-22|website=spotboye.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Radhe (2021 film)|Radhe]]''
| Action thriller
| 13 May 2021
| 114 mins
| Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2021 |title=BREAKING: Salman Khan opts for a hybrid release for Radhe; film to release this Eid on May 13|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-salman-khan-opts-hybrid-release-radhe-film-release-eid-may-13/|access-date=29 April 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|}

===International===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Genre
!Premiere
!Length
!Language
!Notes
|-
| 2020
|''[[Unhinged (2020 film)|Unhinged]]''
|Psychological thriller
|13 November 2020
|93 mins
|English
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/russell-crowe-starrer-unhinged-to-release-onzeeplex-3070814.html|title=Russell Crowe-starrer 'Unhinged' To Release OnZeeplex|date=11 November 2020|website=News18}}</ref>
|}

==Short films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Genre
!Premiere
!Length
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2018
|''Khaar''
|Docu-drama
|10 February 2018
|30 mins
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/zee-launches-khaar-on-iconic-dandi-march-watch-trailer/article_49306e92-c652-11e8-b5a8-2fbc21fb3b11.html|title=ZEE5 Launches 'Khaar' on Iconic Dandi March: Watch Trailer|first=R. M. |last=Vijayakar|website=India West|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/annu-kapoor-turns-narrator-for-docudrama-on-gandhi-s-dandi-march-118092700251_1.html|title=Annu Kapoor turns narrator for docudrama on Gandhi's Dandi March|date=2018-09-27|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-launches-khaar-a-docudrama-on-the-iconic-dandi-march-180927|title=ZEE5 Launches Khaar, A Docudrama on the Iconic Dandi March|date=2018-09-27|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/annu-kapoor-has-lent-his-voice-as-a-narrator-for-docudrama-on-gandhis-dandi-march/317258|title=Annu Kapoor has lent his voice as a narrator for docudrama on Gandhi's Dandi March|website=Outlookindia.com|date=27 September 2018 |access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Mehmaan''
|Thriller
|14 February 2018
|21 mins
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mehmaan-actor-raima-sen-5116449/|title=Mehmaan actor Raima Sen: You need to keep experimenting to evolve as an actor|date=2018-03-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Mehram''
|Drama
|21 August 2018
|33 mins
| rowspan="6" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/farida-jalal%27s-award-winning-short-film-mehram-to-air-on-zee5-27321|title=Farida Jalal's award-winning short film 'Mehram' to air on ZEE5|website=Mumbai Live|date=21 August 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Sone Bhi Do Yaaron''
|Comedy
|14 February 2018
|10 mins
|
|-
|''Tamashree''
|Drama
|14 February 2018
|10 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/tamashree-actor-maanvi-gagroo-watch-video-5123221/|title=Tamashree actor Maanvi Gagroo: Along with substantial roles, I also want to do the song and dance routine in Bollywood films|date=2018-04-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Lal Bahadur Shastri's Death''
|Mystery
|15 August 2018
|15 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-lal-bahadur-shastri-s-death-an-unfinished-story-trailer-for-zee5-docu-drama-looks-into-conspiracy-over-his-demise-2649674|title='Lal Bahadur Shastri's Death - An Unfinished Story' trailer for ZEE5 docu-drama looks into conspiracy over his demise|date=2018-08-14|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Toothbrush''
|Drama
|21 December 2018
|20 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsd.in/toothbrush-not-a-regular-love-story-samir-soni/|title='Toothbrush' not a regular love story: Samir Soni|date=2018-12-22|website=newsd.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/short-film-review-toothbrush/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715103132/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/short-film-review-toothbrush/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 July 2019|title=ZEE5 Short film Toothbrush Review: The film talks about moving on with an emotional story.|date=2018-12-24|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2019
|''Fatafat''
|Drama
|4 January 2019
|15 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/apr/06/divyendu-sharmas-film-fatafat-gathers-buzz-online-1960936.html|title=Divyendu Sharma's film Fatafat gathers buzz online|website=The New Indian Express|date=6 April 2019 |access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Dhaaga''
|Drama
|10 January 2019
|20 mins
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.webfare.live/reviews/dhaaga-short-film-review/|title=Dhaaga: Short Film Review |date=2019-01-15|website=Webfare|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref>
|-
|''Khoj''
|Drama
|13 January 2019
|28 mins
|Punjabi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zee5-announces-kajri-babbar-s-award-winning-short-film-khoj-2706987|title=ZEE5 announces Kajri Babbar's award winning short film 'Khoj'|date=2019-01-12|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kajri-babbar-s-short-film-to-release-on-lohri-119011100657_1.html|title=Kajri Babbar's short film to release on Lohri|date=2019-01-11|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''Moh''
|Drama
|4 March 2019
|15 mins
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/actress-adah-sharma-makes-her-digital-debut-in-zee-s/article_7d73aadc-5312-11e9-b456-63d151582029.html|title=Actress Adah Sharma Makes Her Digital Debut in Zee 5's 'Moh'|first=R. M. |last=Vijayakar|website=India West|language=en|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
|-
|''D.A.T.E.''
|Drama
|12 May 2019
|13 mins
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/zee5-premiering-two-web-films-on-mothers-day--badnaam-gali-and-date-1976051.html|title=ZEE5 premiering two web films on Mother's Day — Badnaam Gali and D.A.T.E|website=The New Indian Express|date=13 May 2019 |access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/may/11/zee5s-double-bill-on-mothers-day---badnaam-gali-and-date-11534.html|title=ZEE5's double-bill on Mother's Day - Badnaam Gali and D.A.T.E|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=11 May 2019 |access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref>
|}

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{official website|https://zeeplex.in/}}
* {{official website|https://zee5.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ZEE5 original films}}
[[Category:ZEE5 original films|*]]
[[Category:Internet-related lists]]

Mysore

2026-03-16T20:51:33Z

MatildaAldrich: updated details

{{Short description|City in Karnataka, India}}
{{About|the city in Karnataka, India|}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mysore
| official_name = Mysuru
| native_name = {{nativename|kn|Maisūru}}
| settlement_type = [[Metropolitan municipality|Metropolitan City]]
| image_skyline = Mysuru Montage.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Mysore Palace]], [[Shivanasamudra Falls]], [[Infosys]] [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplex]], [[Brindavan Gardens]] [[Mandya|at Mandya]], [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura|Chennakeshava Temple]], [[Lalitha Mahal]], [[St. Philomena's Cathedral, Mysore|St. Philomena's Cathedral]] and [[Chamundeshwari Temple]].
| nicknames = Heritage City, City of Palaces, The Cultural capital of Karnataka, Sandalwood City,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-16-tr-5516-story.html|title=Mysore Is 'Sandalwood City' of India|first1=BEVERLY|last1=BEYER|first2=ED|last2=RABEY|date=16 July 1989|work=Los Angeles Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205012651/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-07-16/travel/tr-5516_1_indian-cities|archive-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> City of Jasmine
| image_map =
{{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1185|frame-width=270|frame-height=350|frame-lat=15.04|frame-long=76.40|stroke-width=3|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|12|18|31|N|76|39|11|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Mysuru in Karnataka
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|12|18|31|N|76|39|11|E|region:IN-KN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Karnataka|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Mysore City Corporation]]
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = G. Roopa<ref name="BJP Bags Mayoral Posts">{{cite web |url=https://starofmysore.com/bjp-bags-mayoral-posts/ |title=BJP Bags Mayoral Posts |date=6 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 286
| area_metro_km2 = 156
| area_rural_km2 = 703
| population_as_of = 2011
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = IN [[Mysore Airport|MYQ]] [[Mysore Railway Station|MYS]]
| leader_name = Shivakumar<ref name="BJP Bags Mayoral Posts"/>
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| area_total_sq_mi = 110.425
| elevation_m = 770
| elevation_ft = 2503
| population_total = 920550
| population_metro = 1060120
| population_rural = 388706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/627/download/2156/DH_2011_2923_PART_B_DCHB_MYSORE.pdf|access-date=25 July 2023|title= Census 2011 data}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]
| postal_code = 570 0xx
| registration_plate = KA-09, KA-55
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Communications in India|Telephone]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 91-(0)821-XXX-XXXX
| website = {{URL|www.mysurucity.mrc.gov.in/}}
| footnotes = {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}
| population_demonym = ''Mysorean''
| blank_name = [[Languages of India|Official language]]
| blank_info = [[Kannada]]<ref>THE KARNATAKA LOCAL AUTHORITIES (OFFICIAL LANGUAGE) ACT, 1981 https://indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/7897/1/30_of_1981_%28e%29.pdf</ref>
}}
'''Mysore''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Mysore.ogg|m|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɔːr}} {{respell|my|SOR}}), [[List of renamed places in India|officially]] '''Mysuru''' ({{IPA|kn|ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu|lang|Mysuru-kn.ogg}}), is a city in the [[South India|southern Indian]] state of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://justmysuru.com.md-in-23.webhostbox.net/mudamysore.gov.in/MasterPlan/MP_Reports/VOL%201_DATA%20COLLECTION,%20ANALYSIS%20&%20PROJECTIONS.pdf|title=Mysore CDP 2031|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517023814/http://justmysuru.com.md-in-23.webhostbox.net/mudamysore.gov.in/MasterPlan/MP_Reports/VOL%201_DATA%20COLLECTION%2C%20ANALYSIS%20%26%20PROJECTIONS.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> It is the headquarters of [[Mysore district]] and [[Mysore division]]. As the traditional seat of the [[Wadiyar dynasty]], the city functioned as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries ({{daterange|1399|1947}}). Known for its [[List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore|heritage structures]], palaces (such as the famous [[Mysore Palace]]), and its [[Culture of Mysore|culture]], Mysore has been called the "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City",<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Civil Engineering textbooks lack finer aspects of heritage |url=https://starofmysore.com/civil-engineering-textbooks-lack-finer-aspects-of-heritage/ |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref> and the "[[Cultural capital|Cultural capital of Karnataka]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mysuru - the cultural capital of Karnataka! |url=https://www.technewsiit.com/mysuru-cultural-capital-karnataka |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=TechNews |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031024/https://www.technewsiit.com/mysuru-cultural-capital-karnataka |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in Karnataka by population|second-most populous]] city in the state and one of the [[List of cleanest cities in India|cleanest cities in India]] according to the [[Swachh Survekshan]].

Mysore is situated at the foothills of the [[Chamundi Hills]]. At an altitude of {{convert|770|m|abbr=on}} above [[Sea level|mean sea level]], the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is about {{convert|140|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} southwest of the state's capital, [[Bangalore]], and spreads across an area of {{convert|156|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} (city and neighbouring census towns).<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2020 |title=Bruhat Mysuru Palike |url=https://voiceofmysuru.in/bruhat-mysuru/ |access-date=21 September 2022 |website=Voice of Mysuru |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921041105/https://voiceofmysuru.in/bruhat-mysuru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 1,288,000 in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21343/mysore/population#:~:text=The%20current%20metro%20%20area%20%20population,a%202.11%25%20%20increase%20for%202019.|access-date=25 July 2023|title=Updated population info}}</ref>

Most of the city's development during modern times could be attributed to the [[Maharaja of Mysore|maharajas of Mysore]] and the [[Wadiyar dynasty]], who were patrons of art and culture. [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], when they were briefly in power in succession, also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] trees and [[silk]] in the region, and fighting [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|four wars]] against the [[British Empire|British]]. In present days, the [[Mysore City Corporation]] is responsible for the civic administration of the city.

During the [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]] festivals, Mysore receives hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. The city is also the namesake to various art forms and culture, such as [[Mysore Dasara]] and [[Mysore painting]]; foods such as the sweet delicacy [[Mysore pak]]; breakfasts like Mysore Dosa and Mysore Masala Dosa; brands such as [[Mysore Sandal Soap]] and [[Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited|Mysore Paints]]; and styles and cosmetics such as [[Mysore peta]], a traditional silk turban, and the [[Mysore silk]] [[sari]]s. Mysore is also known for [[betel leaves]] and its own special variety of [[Jasmine in Karnataka|jasmine]] flower fondly referred to as "Mysore mallige". [[Tourism]] is a lifeline industry for the city alongside the traditional industries. Mysore's intracity public transportation includes bus and intercity public transportation includes rail, bus, and air.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://starofmysore.com/flight-operations-resume-mysore-airport/|title=Flight operations resume from Mysore Airport – Star of Mysore|date=21 September 2017|work=Star of Mysore|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914094303/https://starofmysore.com/flight-operations-resume-mysore-airport/amp/|archive-date=14 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
[[File:Chamundeshwari Temple Mysore.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|[[Chamundeshwari Temple]] atop the [[Chamundi Hill]]]]

The name ''Mysore'' is an anglicised form of ''Mahiṣūru'',<ref name="orig" /> which means "the abode of ''Mahiṣa''" in the vernacular [[Kannada]]. The common noun ''Mahiṣa,'' in [[Sanskrit]], means buffalo; in this context, however, ''Mahiṣa'' refers to [[Mahishasura]], a mythical daemon who could assume the form of either a human or a buffalo, and who, according to [[Hindu mythology]], ruled the ancient parts of Mysore Kingdom, known in Sanskrit as ''Mahiṣaka'', centred at ''Mahiṣapura''.<ref name="orig">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Nov32006/sesame1148592006112.asp|last=Vasudeva|first=Rashmi|title=Land of milk and honey|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=3 November 2006|access-date=12 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319162402/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Nov32006/sesame1148592006112.asp|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> He was killed by the goddess [[Chamunda|Chamundeshwari]], whose temple is situated atop the [[Chamundi Hills|Chamundi Hill]], after whom it is named. ''Mahishamandala'', ''Mahishapura'',<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLsLAAAAIAAJ|title=Cultural profiles of Mysore City|last=Station|first=Anthropological Survey of India South India|date=1 January 1978|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320151346/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLsLAAAAIAAJ|archive-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> later became ''Mahisūru'' (a name which, even now, the royal family uses), and finally came to be rendered as ''Mysore'' by the British and ''Maisūru'' (Mysuru) in the vernacular [[Kannada language]].<ref name="dejagou">Deve Gowda Javare Gowda (1998), p. 82.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mahisha are rulers and deserve to be worshipped, says researcher |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/mahisha-are-rulers-and-deserve-to-be-worshiped-says-researcher-3217256 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2 October 2024 |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref>

In December 2005, the Government of [[Karnataka]] announced its intention to change the English spelling of the city to ''Mysuru''.<ref name="ann">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/19/stories/2005121906010600.htm|title=They will be Belagavi, Mangalooru, Mysuru from November next|date=19 December 2005|access-date=14 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107000112/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/19/stories/2005121906010600.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> This was approved by the [[Government of India]] in October 2014, and Mysore was officially renamed, along with twelve other cities, on 1 November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Renaming|first1=Cities|title=Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683|issue=ibtimes.co.in|publisher=ibtimes.co.in|date=18 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025122135/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683|archive-date=25 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Renaming|first1=Cities|title=Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/centre-nod-for-karnatakas-proposal-on-renaming-cities/article6514079.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018035426/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/centre-nod-for-karnatakas-proposal-on-renaming-cities/article6514079.ece|archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=New City|first1=Names to Karnatka|title=New name for cities|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/from-bangalore-to-bengaluru/article6553314.ece|access-date=1 November 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127000251/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/from-bangalore-to-bengaluru/article6553314.ece|archive-date=27 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/Mysore-or-Mysuru-pak-tastes-the-same/articleshow/45028940.cms |title= Mysore or Mysuru, pak tastes the same |date= 4 November 2014 |access-date= 9 August 2015 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160103190119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/Mysore-or-Mysuru-pak-tastes-the-same/articleshow/45028940.cms |archive-date= 3 January 2016}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|Kingdom of Mysore}}
The site where [[Mysore Palace]] now stands was occupied by a village named Puragere at the beginning of the 16th century.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|281}} The Mahishūru Fort was constructed in 1524 by [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]] (1513–1553),<ref name="rice1876">{{cite book|last= Rice|first= B.L.|author-link= Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore and Coorg: Mysore, by districts|year= 1876|publisher= Mysore Government Press|location= Mysore|url= https://archive.org/details/mysoreandcoorgm00ricegoog|access-date= 29 February 2012}}</ref>{{rp|257}} who passed on the dominion of ''Puragere'' to his son [[Chamaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1572–1576). Since the 16th century, the name of ''Mayashūru'' has commonly been used to denote the city.<ref name="rice1897">{{cite book |last= Rice|first= B.L.|author-link=Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore gazetteer compiled for government–vol 1|orig-date=1897|year=2001|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-206-0977-8}}</ref>{{rp|31}} The [[Kingdom of Mysore]], governed by the [[Wodeyar]] family, initially served as a [[feudalism|vassal state]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. With the decline of that empire after the [[Battle of Talikota]] in 1565, the Mysore Kingdom gradually achieved independence, and by the time of [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|King Narasaraja Wodeyar]] (1637), it had become a sovereign state.<ref name="kamath2001">{{Cite book|last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|author-link=Suryanath U. Kamath|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|orig-date=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041|lccn= 80905179}}</ref>{{rp|228}} [[Srirangapatna|Seringapatam]], near Mysore, the present-day Srirangapatna, was the capital of the kingdom beginning in 1610.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|257}} The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and, under [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] and [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]], the kingdom annexed large areas of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu, to become a powerful state in the southern [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].

The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century, under the de facto rulers [[Hyder Ali]] and his son [[Tipu Sultan]]. The latter demolished parts of Mysore to remove legacies of the Wodeyar dynasty.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|257}} During this time, the kingdom of Mysore came into conflict with the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], the [[British Empire|British]], and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], leading to the four [[Anglo-Mysore wars]], success in the first two of which was followed by defeat in the third and fourth. After Tipu Sultan's death in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] in 1799, the capital of the kingdom was moved back to Mysore from Seringapatam,<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|249}} and the kingdom was distributed by the British to their allies of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Part of the kingdom was annexed into the [[Madras Presidency]], another to the Nizam of Hyderabad. The landlocked interior of the defeated kingdom of Mysore was turned into a [[princely state]] under the [[suzerainty]] of the [[The Crown|British Crown]],<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|249}} with the five-year-old Wodeyar [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III|Krishnaraja III]] as titular ruler and with [[Purnaiah]], who had served under Tipu, as chief minister or ''[[Diwan (title)|diwan]]'' and Lt. Col. [[Barry Close]] as Resident. The British took control of Mysore's foreign policy and insisted on an annual tribute for maintaining a standing British army at Mysore.<ref>[[Suryanath U. Kamath|Kamath, Suryanath U.]], ''A Concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present'' (Bangalore: Jupiter books, 1980, OCLC 7796041), p. 249</ref><ref>Kamath (2001), p. 234</ref><ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N., ''Outlines of South Indian history: with special reference to Karnataka'' (Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1975, {{ISBN|0-7069-0378-1}}), p. 225</ref> Purnaiah is credited with improving Mysore's public works.<ref name="kamath2001" /> In 1831, claiming there was maladministration, the British took direct control of the princely state.<ref>Kamath (2001), p. 250</ref><ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N. (1975), pp. 229–231</ref> For the next fifty years, the kingdom of Mysore was under the direct rule of British Commissioners,<ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N. (1975), pp. 231–232</ref> and in 1831 the city of Mysore lost its status as the administrative centre, when the British Commissioner moved the capital to [[Bangalore]].<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|251}}

[[File:Mysore (Baedeker, 1914).jpg|thumb|Map of Mysore and nearby [[Srirangapatna]], {{circa|1914}}]]

In 1876–77, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore suffered from the [[Great Famine of 1876–1878]], in which nearly a fifth of the population died.<ref>Lewis Rice, B., ''Report on the Mysore census'' (Bangalore: Mysore Government Press, 1881), p. 3</ref> In 1881, [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Maharaja Chamaraja Wadiyar X]] was given control of Mysore, in a process called [[Rendition (law)|rendition]], but with a resident British officer and a diwan to handle the Maharaja's administration,<ref name=K250254>Kamath (2001), pp. 250–254</ref> and the city of Mysore regained its status as the capital.<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|254}} The Mysore municipality was established in 1888 and the city was divided into eight wards.<ref name="rice1897" />{{rp|283}} In 1897 an outbreak of [[bubonic plague]] killed nearly half of the population of the city.<ref name="plag">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/07/stories/2005070713620200.htm|title=A museum to showcase Mysore's history|date=7 July 2005|access-date=20 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816051548/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/07/stories/2005070713620200.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> With the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) in 1903, Mysore became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development.<ref name="citb">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/26/stories/2004082610690300.htm|date=26 August 2004|title=Tree ownership rights to growers may boost green cover|access-date=20 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425233656/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/26/stories/2004082610690300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=25 April 2005}}</ref> Public demonstrations and meetings were held there during the [[Quit India movement]] and other phases of the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/procession-taken-out-to-mark-quit-india-movement/article3088205.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 August 2006 |title=Procession taken out to mark Quit India movement |access-date=20 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029043643/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/procession-taken-out-to-mark-quit-india-movement/article3088205.ece |archive-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>

Until the independence of [[British India]] (which did not include Mysore) in 1947, Mysore remained a Princely State within the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], with the Wodeyars continuing their rule.<ref name=K250254/> After Indian Independence, Mysore city remained as part of the [[Mysore State]], now known as [[Karnataka]]. [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]], then king of Mysore, was allowed to retain his titles and was nominated as the ''[[Rajapramukh]]'' (appointed governor) of the state with a £20,000 payment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zubrzycki |first1=John |date=6 August 2023 |title=Did India let down the maharajahs? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66370541 |work=BBC News |access-date=8 August 2023 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807230428/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66370541 |url-status=live }}</ref> He died in September 1974 and was cremated in Mysore.<ref name="crem">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/22/stories/2006092200050300.htm|date=22 September 2006|title=Maharajah of music|last=Venkatkrishnan|first=Sriam|access-date=21 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829041239/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/22/stories/2006092200050300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=29 August 2008}}</ref>

Over the years, Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism; the city remained largely peaceful, except for occasional riots related to the [[Kaveri River Water Dispute]].<ref name="tour" /> Among the events that took place in Mysore and made national headlines were a fire at a television studio that claimed 62 lives in 1989,<ref name="fire">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug012004/ac2.asp|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=1 August 2004|last=Deepak|first=S.N.|title=A doyen of film production|access-date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121655/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug012004/ac2.asp|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> and the sudden deaths of many animals at the [[Mysore Zoo]].<ref name="mz">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2004/10/08/stories/2004100800190300.htm|newspaper=Business Line|date=8 October 2004|title=Caring in captivity|last=Krishna|first=M.J.|access-date=1 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524234545/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2004/10/08/stories/2004100800190300.htm|archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

== Geography ==
=== Area and extent ===
[[File:Mysore race course.jpeg|thumb|View of the city from [[Chamundi Hills]]]]
Mysore is located at {{Coord|12.30|N|74.65|E|}} and has an average altitude of {{convert|770|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="clim">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&dq=Mysore+770&pg=PA110|chapter=Climate and clothing|title=Bangalore – Mysore|page=110|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad, India|isbn=0-86311-431-8|first=Afried|last=Raman|year=1994|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524130549/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&pg=PA110&dq=Mysore+770&as_brr=3&sig=67NNbsZctrs2F4gKoFlUphWdkYM|archive-date=24 May 2011}}</ref> It is spread across an area of {{convert|286.05|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="swm">{{cite web|url=http://mysorecity.gov.in/forms/SWM.pdf|title=Action plan for solid waste management|publisher=Mysore City Corporation|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071129005338/http://mysorecity.gov.in/forms/SWM.pdf|archive-date= 29 November 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=25 September 2007}}</ref>{{rp|4}} at the base of the [[Chamundi Hill]]s in the southern region of Karnataka. Mysore is the southernmost city of Karnataka and is a neighbouring city of the states of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] in the south, flanked by the state cities [[Madikeri]], [[Chamarajanagara]], and [[Mandya]]. People in and around Mysore extensively use [[Kannada]] as a medium of language. Mysore has several lakes, such as the [[Kukkarahalli lake|Kukkarahalli]], the [[Karanji Lake|Karanji]], and the [[Lingambudhi Lake|Lingambudhi]] lakes. Mysore has The Biggest 'Walk-Through Aviary' called Karanji Lake in India. In 2001, total land area usage in Mysore city was 39.9% residential, 16.1% roads, 13.74% parks and open spaces, 13.48% industrial, 8.96% public property, 3.02% commercial, 2.27% agriculture and 2.02 water.<ref name="cdp">{{cite web|url=http://jnnurm.nic.in/toolkit/MysoreCdp/MysoreCDP.pdf|publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Government of India|title=Mysore City Development Plan|access-date=25 September 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013603/http://jnnurm.nic.in/toolkit/MysoreCdp/MysoreCDP.pdf|archive-date =27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|35}} The city is located between two rivers: the [[Kaveri River]] that flows through the north of the city and the [[Kabini River]], a tributary of the Kaveri, that lies to the south.

=== Climate ===
Mysore has a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'') bordering on a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (''BSh'') under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The main seasons are Summer from March to May, the [[monsoon]] season from June to October and winter from November to February.<ref name="clim" /> The highest temperature recorded in Mysore was {{nowrap|{{convert|39.9|°C|°F|abbr=on|0}}}} on 25 April 2016, and the lowest was {{nowrap|{{convert|7.7|°C|°F|abbr=on|0}}}} on 16 January 2012.<ref name="hight">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/10/stories/2007041013990500.htm|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|title=Severe heat wave likely to hit Mysore in the next few weeks|date=10 April 2007|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032644/http://hindu.com/2007/04/10/stories/2007041013990500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="imd">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdbangalore.gov.in/mchistory.pdf#15|title=Indian Meteorological Department – Meteorological Centre – Bengaluru|publisher=Government of India – Ministry of Earth Sciences|access-date=19 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002528/http://www.imdbangalore.gov.in/mchistory.pdf#15|archive-date=17 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="lowt">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ktakas-coldest-day-in-100-years-7-dead-in-ap/221821-62.html|publisher=IBN Live|date=18 January 2012|title=Karnataka's coldest day in 100 years, 7 dead in Andhra Pradesh|access-date=4 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221180708/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ktakas-coldest-day-in-100-years-7-dead-in-ap/221821-62.html|archive-date=21 February 2012}}</ref>In the early hours of 20 December 2025, Mysore city recorded its lowest temperature in December at 8.4°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://starofmysore.com/mysuru-shivers-as-mercury-dips-to-8-4c/|access-date=21 December 2025|title=Lowest December-Temperature breached}}</ref> The city has an average annual rainfall is {{cvt|798.6|mm}}. As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, Mysore received {{cvt|1358|mm|in}} rainfall in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ksndmc.org/en/Root/DownloadFile?path=%5C%5C192.168.2.21%5Ce%24%5CKSNDMC%20REPORTS%5CAnnual%20Report%5CAnnual%20State%20Report%5CAR_2022.pdf&fileName=Annual%20State%20Reports_2022.pdf|access-date=26 July 2023|title=Annual State Report 2022}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Mysore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 33.9
| Feb record high C = 36.1
| Mar record high C = 38.5
| Apr record high C = 39.9
| May record high C = 39.0
| Jun record high C = 37.4
| Jul record high C = 35.8
| Aug record high C = 33.9
| Sep record high C = 34.2
| Oct record high C = 35.0
| Nov record high C = 32.8
| Dec record high C = 32.1
| year record high C = 39.9
| Jan high C = 29.3
| Feb high C = 31.4
| Mar high C = 33.6
| Apr high C = 34.3
| May high C = 33.4
| Jun high C = 30.0
| Jul high C = 28.7
| Aug high C = 28.6
| Sep high C = 29.5
| Oct high C = 29.4
| Nov high C = 28.7
| Dec high C = 28.3
| year high C = 30.4
| Jan low C = 16.3
| Feb low C = 17.3
| Mar low C = 19.4
| Apr low C = 21.0
| May low C = 21.2
| Jun low C = 20.4
| Jul low C = 19.9
| Aug low C = 19.8
| Sep low C = 19.7
| Oct low C = 19.7
| Nov low C = 18.7
| Dec low C = 16.9
| year low C = 19.2
| Jan record low C = 7.7
| Feb record low C = 8.6
| Mar record low C = 10.4
| Apr record low C = 14.9
| May record low C = 15.6
| Jun record low C = 12.6
| Jul record low C = 15.8
| Aug record low C = 16.5
| Sep record low C = 13.4
| Oct record low C = 11.2
| Nov record low C = 9.6
| Dec record low C = 8.7
| year record low C = 7.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.1
| Feb rain mm = 2.5
| Mar rain mm = 12.6
| Apr rain mm = 84.5
| May rain mm = 127.8
| Jun rain mm = 76.6
| Jul rain mm = 84.2
| Aug rain mm = 96.9
| Sep rain mm = 102.3
| Oct rain mm = 162.7
| Nov rain mm = 67.5
| Dec rain mm = 12.9
| year rain mm = 831.5
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 1.1
| Apr rain days = 4.9
| May rain days = 7.3
| Jun rain days = 6.0
| Jul rain days = 8.1
| Aug rain days = 7.9
| Sep rain days = 6.9
| Oct rain days = 8.5
| Nov rain days = 4.3
| Dec rain days = 0.9
| year rain days = 56.2
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 50
| Feb humidity = 49
| Mar humidity = 45
| Apr humidity = 50
| May humidity = 62
| Jun humidity = 73
| Jul humidity = 76
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 72
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 61
| year humidity = 63
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 11 November 2024
| archive-date = 10 November 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241110020508/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Mysore Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 517–518
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M102
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>
| source =
| Jan uv = 10
| Feb uv = 12
| Mar uv = 12
| Apr uv = 12
| May uv = 12
| Jun uv = 12
| Jul uv = 12
| Aug uv = 12
| Sep uv = 12
| Oct uv = 12
| Nov uv = 10
| Dec uv = 10
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/mysuru-climate
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Mysore, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 20 July 2022
| archive-date = 19 July 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220719185529/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/mysuru-climate
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical population
| state = collapsed
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref name="popu-history">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/data/Census_2001/Table/India/Class%20I-A-4_Final.xls |title=Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="popu-history2">{{cite web |url=http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1941/Census%20of%20India%201941.pdf |title=Provisional population totals, Census of India 1941 |access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref>
| 1891 | 74648
| 1901 | 68111
| 1911 | 71306
| 1921 | 83951
| 1931 | 107142
| 1941 | 150540
| 1951 | 244323
| 1961 | 253865
| 1971 | 355685
| 1981 | 479081
| 1991 | 653345
| 2001 | 799228
| 2011 | 920550
}}

As per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Mysore city had an estimated population of 920,550 consisting of 461,042 males and 459,508 females, making it the third most populous city in Karnataka<ref name="popu7">{{cite web |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/mysore-population |title=Mysuru Population 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="popu4">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Karnataka.html?cityid=3054 |title=INDIA: Karnātaka|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> Mysore urban agglomeration is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state<ref>{{cite web |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072411/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2018 |date=2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and is home to 1,060,120 people, consisting of 497,132 males and 493,762 females.<ref name="popu7"/> According to 2011 census, Mysore was the largest non-metropolitan city in India and had the highest basic infrastructure index of 2.846.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Non-Metropolitan Class I Cities of India |url=https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/HUDCO%20Phase%20II.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192759/https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/HUDCO%20Phase%20II.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> Mysore was estimated to have crossed 1 million in 2017 making it a metropolitan city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://des.kar.nic.in/docs/Projected%20Population%202012-2021.pdf|title=PROJECTED POPULATION OF KARNATAKA 2012–2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219182718/http://des.kar.nic.in/docs/Projected%20Population%202012-2021.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> For the year 2022, the projected population of Mysuru Metropolitan Area, which includes [[Mysore City Corporation]], [[Hootagalli]] City Municipal Council, and Bogadi, Srirampura, Rammanahalli and Kadakola Town Panchayats is 1,261,000,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mysore, India Metro Area Population 1950-2022 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21343/mysore/population |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net}}</ref> as per the United Nation's World Urbanization Prospects - 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations |url=https://population.un.org/wup/DataQuery/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=population.un.org |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127201327/https://population.un.org/wup/DataQuery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Mysore city (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web|title=C-01 Population By Religious Community: Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census of India|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622053823/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|21.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.71}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Karnataka|Jainism]]|pink|1.13}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|grey|0.59}}
}}

The gender ratio of Mysore is 1,000 females to every 1,000 males and the population density is {{convert|6910.5|/sqkm|/sqmi}}. According to the census of 2001, 73.65% of the city population are [[Hindu]]s, 21.92% are [[Muslim]]s, 2.71% are [[Christians]], 1.13% are [[Jain]]s and the remainder belong to other religions.<ref name="reg">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm |work=Census GIS India |title=Religion |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=27 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706213221/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm |archive-date=6 July 2010 }}</ref> The population exceeded 100,000 in the census of 1931 and grew by 20.5 per cent in the decade 1991–2001. {{As of|2011}}, the literacy rate of the city is 86.84 per cent, which is higher than the state's average of 75.6 per cent.<ref name="popu7"/><ref name="popu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/karnataka/3-figure-7.pdf|title=Data on rural & urban areas: figures at a glance Karnataka|work=Census of India 2011, Provisional Population Totals|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=3 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024231951/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/karnataka/3-figure-7.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2011}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Languages of Mysore (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka (Urban)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10255/download/13367/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622053806/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10255/download/13367/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Kannada]]|darkorange|60.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Urdu]]|green|21.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] |dodgerblue|4.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|pink|4.58}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|8.89}}
}}

[[Kannada]] is the most widely spoken language in the city. Approximately 19% of the population live below the poverty line, and 9% live in [[slum]]s.<ref name=kahurithsis>{{Cite thesis |degree=MSc |title=Engendered land administration system—Mysore slums upgrading |url=http://www.mysore.nic.in/SWM%20DPR.pdf |type=PDF |last=Kahuri |first=Searh Kabui |year=2010 |page=3 |publisher=International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation |location=Enschede, Netherlands |access-date=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518173252/http://www.mysore.nic.in/SWM%20DPR.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2013 }}</ref> According to the 2001 census, 35.75% of the population in the urban areas of Karnataka are workers, but only 33.3% of the population of Mysore are.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Population of Karnataka|work=Census GIS India |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/states/karnataka.htm|access-date=3 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100248/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/states/karnataka.htm|archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Members of [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes]] constitute 15.1% of the population.<ref name="pop" /> According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India, the number of [[:wikt:cognizable|cognisable]] crime incidents reported in Mysore during 2010 was 3,407 (second in the state, after Bangalore's 32,188), increasing from 3,183 incidents reported in 2009.<ref name="crm2010">{{cite web|url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2010/cii-2010/Table%201.15.pdf|work=Crime in India 2010|title=City-wise Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) During 2010 |publisher=National Crime Records Bureau of India|access-date=3 March 2012|page=301|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114231831/http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2010/cii-2010/Table%201.15.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="crm2009">{{cite web|url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CII%202009/cii-2009/Table%201.15.pdf|work=Crime in India 2009|title=City-wise Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) during 2009|publisher=National Crime Records Bureau of India|access-date=3 March 2012|page=301|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124125007/http://ncrb.nic.in/CII%202009/cii-2009/Table%201.15.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2011}}</ref>

The residents of the city are known as ''Mysoreans'' in [[English language|English]] and ''Mysoorinavaru'' in Kannada. The dispute between Karnataka and [[Tamil Nadu]] over the sharing of Kaveri river water often leads to minor altercations and demonstrations in the city.<ref name="kave">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/13/stories/2007021313660300.htm|date=13 February 2007|title=Cauvery verdict: bandh total, peaceful in Mysore city|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032639/http://hindu.com/2007/02/13/stories/2007021313660300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> Growth in the [[information technology]] industry in Mysore has led to a change in the city's demographic profile; likely strains on the infrastructure and haphazard growth of the city resulting from the demographic change have been a cause of concern for some of its citizens.<ref name="chag">{{cite news|title=Concern expressed over impact of anticipated IT boom on Mysore |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/02/stories/2006010215120300.htm|first=Liaqh A.|last=Khan|date=2 January 2006|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032610/http://hindu.com/2006/01/02/stories/2006010215120300.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref>

== Administration and utilities ==
{{main|Mysore City Corporation}}
[[File:Mysore Taluk (2011 Census) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Map of [[Mysore taluk]] (2011)]]
The civic administration of the city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation, which was established as a municipality in 1888 and converted into a corporation in 1977. Overseeing engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation, the corporation is headed by a Mayor, who is assisted by commissioners and council members.<ref name="cdp" />{{rp|43}} The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members (also known as ''corporators'') are elected by the citizens of Mysore every five years.<ref name="corpo">{{cite news|date=28 June 2007|title=NGOs welcome formation of ward panels|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/28/stories/2007062858650300.htm |access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032704/http://hindu.com/2007/06/28/stories/2007062858650300.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The council members, in turn, elect the mayor. The annual budget of the corporation for the year 2011–2012 was {{INRConvert|4.27|b|year=2011}}.<ref name="budget">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/30/stories/2011033063220500.htm|date=30 March 2011|title=Rs. 3-crore surplus budget for MCC|access-date=3 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927195358/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/30/stories/2011033063220500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> Among 63 cities covered under the [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]], Mysore City Corporation was adjudged the second-best city municipal corporation and was given the ''"Nagara Ratna"'' award in 2011.<ref name="awar">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2215146.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 July 2011|title=Mysore City Corporation gets award for better civic amenities|access-date=4 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909040722/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2215146.ece|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> The present MCC Commissioner is Shri.Tanveer Asif.<ref name="Commissioner">{{cite news|url=http://www.mysurucity.mrc.gov.in/en/node/79|title=Commissioners message Mysore city corporation|access-date=24 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Urban growth and expansion is managed by the [[Mysore Urban Development Authority]] (MUDA), which is headed by a commissioner. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town planning and land acquisition. One of the major projects undertaken by MUDA is the creation of an Outer Ring Road to ease traffic congestion.<ref name="orr">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/14/stories/2004021409890300.htm|date=14 February 2004|title=Outer Ring Road may ease traffic woes in Mysore|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032542/http://hindu.com/2004/02/14/stories/2004021409890300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> Citizens of Mysore have criticised MUDA for its inability to prevent [[Mafia Raj#Land mafias|land mafias]] and ensure lawful distribution of housing lands among city residents.<ref name="domi">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050212260500.htm|date=2 May 2006|title=Forum says land mafia is thriving in Mysore|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060706165051/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050212260500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=6 July 2006}}</ref> The [[CESCOM|Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation]] is responsible for electric supply to the city.<ref name="cescom">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/29/stories/2005012905600400.htm|title=Council passes amendment bill|date=29 January 2005|access-date=13 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210052954/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/29/stories/2005012905600400.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=10 February 2005}}</ref>

The Mysuru City Police, headed by a [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] (CP), is responsible for policing and law enforcement in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Policing Mysuru: ‘Mane Manege Police’ Initiative Brings Police to Citizens' Doorsteps |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/police-at-doorsteps-mysuru-city-police-launch-mane-manege-police-3-3657546 |access-date=31 December 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> At present, the Commissionerate oversees 18 police stations, including a Women’s Police Station, five traffic subdivisions, and one Cyber, Economic and Narcotics (CEN) Police Station.<ref>https://mysurucitypolice.karnataka.gov.in/5/law-and-order/en</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Author |date=27 November 2023 |title=City Police preparing to expand jurisdiction |url=https://starofmysore.com/city-police-preparing-to-expand-jurisdiction/ |access-date=31 December 2025 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services]], provide fire and emergency services in the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2025 |title=Mysuru to get new fire station, but not in Chamundi Hills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysuru-to-get-new-fire-station-but-not-in-chamundi-hills/articleshow/119020056.cms |access-date=31 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Drinking water for Mysore is sourced from the [[Kaveri]] and [[Kabini]] rivers.<ref name="cdp" />{{rp|53}} The city got its first piped water supply when the Belagola project was commissioned in 1896.<ref name="bela">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/07/stories/2007050713220300.htm|date=7 May 2007|title=Second stage of Melapura water project inaugurated|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032654/http://hindu.com/2007/05/07/stories/2007050713220300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, Mysore gets {{convert|42.5|e6impgal|m3|abbr=off|order=flip}} of water per day. Mysore sometimes faces water crises, mainly during the summer months (March–June) and in years of low rainfall.<ref name="cris">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061213630300.htm|date=12 June 2007|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|title=Is Mysore city heading for a water crisis?|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032700/http://hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061213630300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The city has had an underground drainage system since 1904. The entire sewage from the city drains into four valleys: Kesare, Malalavadi, Dalavai and Belavatha.<ref name="cdp" />{{rp|56}} In an exercise carried out by the [[Ministry of Urban Development (India)|Urban Development Ministry]] under the national urban sanitation policy, Mysore was rated the second cleanest city in India in 2010 and the cleanest in Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/68796/mysore-comes-clean-over-blore.html|date=10 May 2010|title=Mysore comes clean over B'lore|last=Athrady|first=Ajith|access-date=12 May 2010|newspaper=Deccan Herald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514084621/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/68796/mysore-comes-clean-over-blore.html|archive-date=14 May 2010}}</ref> In Mysore, the Jal Diwali Campaign empowered SHGs to collectively address water conservation challenges.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=21 March 2024 |title=World Water Day 2024 |url=https://www.nagrika.org/post/water-challenges}}</ref> 90 women heads of 30 women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Mysuru city were introduced to the nitty-gritty of water supply, by a visit to Mysuru City Corporation’s (MCC) Water Treatment Plant at Hongalli near Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) Dam in Mandya district.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2023 |title=MCC launches 'Jal Diwali' |url=https://starofmysore.com/mcc-launches-jal-diwali}}</ref>

The citizens of Mysore elect five representatives to the [[Karnataka legislature|Legislative assembly of Karnataka]] through the constituencies of Chamaraja, Krishnaraja, Narasimharaja, Hunsur and Chamundeshwari.<ref name="assem">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/04/stories/2004030409380300.htm|date=4 March 2004|title=Triangular contest likely in four Assembly seats|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031011845/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/04/stories/2004030409380300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=31 October 2004}}</ref> Mysore city, being part of the larger Mysore Lok Sabha constituency, also elects one member to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]. The politics in the city is dominated by three political parties: the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), and the [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] (JDS).<ref name="assem" />

== Economy ==
{{Further|Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore silk}}
[[File:Mysore India Infosys.JPG|thumb|[[Infosys]] office at [[Hebbal, Mysore|Hebbal]], Mysore]]
Tourism and IT are the major industries in Mysore. The city attracted about 3.15 million tourists in 2010.<ref name="tourin">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=R. Krishna|date=6 January 2011|title=Over 3 million tourists visit Mysore in 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1037287.ece|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103213850/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1037287.ece|archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and the production of lime and salt.<ref name="histin">{{cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Ravi|year=2004|title=A city in transition|url=http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2103/stories/20040213002008900.htm|url-status=dead|journal=Frontline|volume=21|issue=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103051541/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2103/stories/20040213002008900.htm|archive-date=3 January 2008|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> It has many big IT companies like [[Infosys]] and [[Wipro]]. The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the ''Mysore economic conference'' in 1911.<ref name="histin" /><ref name="mec">{{cite web|title=Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya|url=http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2000/article1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604111903/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2000/article1.htm|archive-date=4 June 2007|access-date=1 October 2007|publisher=Department of Science and Technology, Government of India}}</ref> This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920.<ref name="rao1927" />{{rp|270, 278}} Mysore has emerged as an industrial hub in [[Karnataka]] next to [[Bangalore]]. Mysore is part of the Bidar-Mysore Industrial Corridor. Major drivers of the economy are tourism, finance, manufacturing and industry which includes chemicals, petrochemicals, machinery, automobile, engineering, textiles and food processing sectors. A new industrial corridor plan is underway between Mysore and Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Develop industrial corridor between Bangalore-Mysore: CII Chairman|url=https://www.inmysore.com/develop-industrial-corridor-between-bangalore-mysore-cii-chairman|access-date=29 August 2021|website=www.inmysore.com|date=3 March 2013|language=en-gb|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829114648/https://www.inmysore.com/develop-industrial-corridor-between-bangalore-mysore-cii-chairman|url-status=dead}}</ref>

For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, in the [[Belagola]], [[Belawadi]], [[Hebbal, Mysore|Hebbal]] and [[Hootagalli]] areas.<ref name="indarea">{{cite web|title=KIADB industrial areas|url=http://kiadb.kar.nic.in/industrialareas/industrialareas.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002073352/http://kiadb.kar.nic.in/industrialareas/industrialareas.htm|archive-date=2 October 2007|access-date=1 October 2007|publisher=The Karnataka Industrial Development Board}}</ref> One of the major industrial areas near Mysore is [[Nanjangud]] which will be a satellite town to Mysore. Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like [[AT&S|AT&S India Pvt Ltd]], [[Nestlé India|Nestle India ltd]], Reid and Taylor, [[Jubilant FoodWorks|Jubiliant]], [[TVS Motor Company|TVS]], and [[Asian Paints]]. Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest [[Value-added tax|VAT]] / Sales Taxpayer which is more than {{INRConvert|4|b}} after [[Peenya]] which is in state capital Bangalore. [[JK Tyre]] has its manufacturing facility in Mysore.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 August 2016|title=JK Tyre rolls out 10 million radial tyres|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/jk-tyre-rolls-out-10-million-radial-tyres-116082201041_1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101339/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/jk-tyre-rolls-out-10-million-radial-tyres-116082201041_1.html|archive-date=14 February 2017|access-date=13 February 2017|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> The city has emerged as a hub of automobile industries in Karnataka.

The major software companies in Mysore are [[Infosys]], ArisGlobal, [[Larsen & Toubro Infotech]], Excelsoft Technologies and Triveni Engineering.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 March 2017|title=Two-Day Avishkaar-2017 begins|url=http://starofmysore.com/two-day-aavishkaar-2017-begins/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171951/http://starofmysore.com/two-day-aavishkaar-2017-begins/|archive-date=10 August 2017|access-date=17 June 2017|newspaper=[[Star of Mysore]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 September 2016|title=Wipro conducts 'Spirit of run'|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/wipro-conducts-spirit-of-run/390764/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214003440/http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/wipro-conducts-spirit-of-run/390764/|archive-date=14 February 2017|access-date=13 February 2017|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 January 2016|title=Karnataka clears Uber, Reliance Comm Infra expansion projects|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/karnataka-clears-uber-reliance-comm-infra-expansion-projects/article8124229.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214239/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/karnataka-clears-uber-reliance-comm-infra-expansion-projects/article8124229.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=13 February 2017|newspaper=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> The growth of the information technology industry in the first decade of the 21st century has resulted in the city emerging as the second largest software exporter in Karnataka ({{as of|alt=as of|2007}}), next to Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2007|title=Mysore second in State in software exports|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Mysore-second-in-State-in-software-exports/article14767462.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214238/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Mysore-second-in-State-in-software-exports/article14767462.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=28 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Liaqh A.|date=6 June 2008|title=Software exports hover around Rs. 1,100 cr.|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/06/stories/2008060651900300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=19 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007062927/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/06/stories/2008060651900300.htm|archive-date=7 October 2008}}</ref> Mysore also has many shopping malls, including the [[Mall of Mysore]] which is one of the largest malls in India and Karnataka. Retail is also a major part of the economy in Mysore.

Mysore also hosts many central government organisations like [[Central Food Technological Research Institute|CFTRI]], DFRL, [[Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology|CIPET]], [[BEML]],<ref>{{cite web|date=11 July 2016|title=BEML opens service training centre at Mysore complex|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/beml-opens-service-training-centre-at-mysore-complex/article8834905.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214240/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/beml-opens-service-training-centre-at-mysore-complex/article8834905.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=13 February 2017|newspaper=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> RMP (Rare Material Project), [[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]] Note printing Press and RBI Paper Printing Press.

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Mysore}}
[[File:Mysore Painting.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A photo depicting the Mysore style of painting|[[Mysore painting]] depicting Hindu goddess [[Saraswati]]]]

Referred to as the ''cultural capital'' of Karnataka, Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of ''[[Mysore Dasara|Dasara]]''; the state festival of Karnataka. The ''Dasara'' festivities, which are celebrated over a ten-day period, were first introduced by King Raja Wodeyar I in 1610.<ref name="das">{{cite journal|first=Ravi |last=Sharma |url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021005611300.htm |title=Mysore Dasara: A historic festival |journal=Frontline |volume=22 |issue=21 |access-date=4 April 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716044238/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021005611300.htm |archive-date=16 July 2007 }}</ref> On the ninth day of ''Dasara'', called ''Mahanavami'', the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decorated elephants, camels and horses.<ref name="das" /> On the tenth day, called ''[[Vijayadashami]]'', the traditional ''Dasara'' procession (locally known as ''Jumboo Savari'') is held on the streets of Mysore which usually falls in the month of September or October. The idol of the goddess Chamundeshwari is placed on a golden ''[[mantapa]]'' on the back of a decorated elephant and taken on a procession, accompanied by tabla, dance groups, music bands, decorated elephants, horses and camels.<ref name="das" /> The procession starts from the Mysore Palace and culminates at a place called Bannimantapa, where the ''banni'' tree (''[[Prosopis spicigera]]'') is worshipped.<ref name="das" /> The ''Dasara'' festivities culminate on the night of ''Vijayadashami'' with a torchlight parade, known locally as ''Panjina Kavayatthu''.<ref name="das" />

Mysore is called the ''City of Palaces'' because of several ornate examples in the city. Among the most notable are [[Mysore Palace|Amba Vilas]], popularly known as Mysore Palace; [[Jaganmohana Palace]], which also serves as an art gallery; [[Rajendra Vilas]], also known as the summer palace; [[Lalitha Mahal]], which has been converted into a hotel; and [[Jayalakshmi Vilas]].<ref name="pal">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C|title=Bangalore – Mysore|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad, India|isbn=0-86311-431-8|first=Afried|last=Raman|year=1994|access-date=25 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219015646/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C|archive-date=19 December 2013}}</ref>{{rp|87–88}} The palace of Mysore burned down in 1897, and the present structure was built on the same site. Amba Vilas palace exhibits an [[Indo-Saracenic]] style of architecture on the outside, but a distinctly [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala style]] in the interior.<ref name="pal" />{{rp|82}} Even though the [[Government of Karnataka]] maintains the Mysore palace, a small portion has been allocated for the erstwhile royal family to live in. The Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion was constructed by [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Sri Chamaraja Wodeyar]] for his daughter Jayalakshammanni. It is now a museum dedicated to folk culture and artefacts of the royal family.<ref name="ion">{{cite news|title=Of monumental value|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192005/spectrum1137332005417.asp|first=Priyanka|last=Haldipur|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=19 April 2005|access-date=3 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219004928/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192005/spectrum1137332005417.asp|archive-date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Mysore Silk Saree.jpg|thumb|[[Mysore silk]] sari]]

The [[Mysore painting]] style is an offshoot of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] school of painting, and King Raja Wodeyar (1578–1617 CE) is credited with having been its patron.<ref name="gesso">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfolklore.org/pdf/visualart/Mysore.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031030072752/http://www.indianfolklore.org/pdf/visualart/Mysore.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2003|title=Mysore Painting|work=Indianfolklore.org|publisher=National Folklore Support Centre|access-date=5 April 2007}}</ref>{{rp|1}} The distinctive feature of these paintings is the ''[[gesso]]'' work, to which gold foil is applied.<ref name="gesso" />{{rp|3}} Mysore is known for rosewood inlay work; around 4,000 craftsmen were involved in this art in 2002.<ref name="rose">{{cite news|first=Pushpa|last=Chari|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/05/30/stories/2002053000390200.htm|title=Intricate Patterns|date=30 May 2002|access-date=4 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001030248/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/05/30/stories/2002053000390200.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> The city lends its name to the Mysore silk [[sari]], a women's garment made with pure silk and gold ''[[zari]]'' (thread).<ref name="silk">{{cite web |url=http://www.ksicsilk.com/Web/MysoreFactory |publisher=Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation |title=Mysore – silk weaving & printing silk products |access-date=9 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329115506/http://ksicsilk.com/Web/MysoreFactory |archive-date=29 March 2013 }}</ref> ''[[Mysore Peta]]'', the traditional indigenous turban worn by the erstwhile rulers of Mysore, is worn by men in some traditional ceremonies. A notable local dessert that traces its history to the kitchen in the Mysore palace is ''[[Mysore pak]]''.

Mysore is the location of the International Ganjifa Research Centre, which researches the ancient card game ''[[Ganjifa]]'' and the art associated with it.<ref name="ganjifa">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/06/08/stories/2003060800150200.htm|date=8 June 2003|title=A right royal hand|first=Aditi|last=De|access-date=4 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032739/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/06/08/stories/2003060800150200.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The [[Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts]] (CAVA) offers education in visual art forms such as painting, graphics, sculpture, applied art, photography, photojournalism and art history. The [[Rangayana]] repertory company performs plays and offers certificate courses in subjects related to theatre.<ref name="cava">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may32006/district193644200652.asp|first=V A|last=Deshpande|title=CAVA—much sought after for visual arts students|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=3 May 2006|access-date=4 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121306/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may32006/district193644200652.asp|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="sponsor">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jul192005/spectrum14872005718.asp|title=Right on the cue|first1=Anjali|last1=Kaiappa B B|first2=Islahuddin|last2=N S|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=19 July 2005|access-date=12 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202120926/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jul192005/spectrum14872005718.asp|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> Kannada writers [[Kuvempu]], [[Gopalakrishna Adiga]] and [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]] were educated in Mysore and served as professors at the Mysore University.<ref name="writers">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/25/stories/2004042500260300.htm|date=25 April 2004|title=The Mysore generation|first=Ramachandra|last=Guha|access-date=4 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001031927/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/25/stories/2004042500260300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> [[R. K. Narayan]], a popular English-language novelist and creator of the fictional town of [[Malgudi]], and his cartoonist brother [[R. K. Laxman]] spent much of their life in Mysore.<ref name="rkn">{{cite journal|title=House with a view|first1=Vikhar Ahmed|last1=Sayeed|year=2005|journal=Frontline|volume=28|issue=20|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2820/stories/20111007282009900.htm|access-date=29 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010234338/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2820/stories/20111007282009900.htm|archive-date=10 October 2011}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Tourism ==
[[File:Mysore Palace, India (photo - Jim Ankan Deka).jpg|thumb|[[Mysore Palace]]]]
[[File:Zoo entrance gate.JPG|thumb|alt= Mysore Zoo|[[Mysore Zoo]]]]

Mysore is a major tourist destination in its own right and serves as a base for other tourist attractions in the vicinity.<ref name="tour">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Ravi |year=2005 |title=Tourism delights |journal=Frontline |volume=22 |issue=21 |url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021005211600.htm |access-date=29 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014180358/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021005211600.htm |archive-date=14 October 2007 }}</ref> The city receives many tourists during the ten-day ''Dasara'' festival.<ref name="dastou">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/25/stories/2005092508380300.htm|date=25 September 2005|title='Mysore Tourism Passport' to provide free entry to six places|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|access-date=5 November 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926082638/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/25/stories/2005092508380300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=26 September 2011}}</ref> One of the most visited monuments in India, the Amba Vilas Palace, or Mysore Palace, is the centre of the ''Dasara'' festivities.<ref name="numerouno">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081755371000.htm|date=17 August 2007|title=Mysore Palace beats Taj Mahal in popularity|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|access-date=5 November 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032724/http://hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081755371000.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The Jaganmohana Palace, The Sand Sculpture Museum the Jayalakshmi Vilas and the Lalitha Mahal are other palaces in the city.<ref name="palaces">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/yw/2007/02/23/stories/2007022300030200.htm|title=City of mythical beginnings|first=A.|last=Srivathsan|date=23 February 2007|access-date=5 November 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928233435/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/yw/2007/02/23/stories/2007022300030200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> Chamundeshwari Temple, atop the Chamundi Hills, and [[St. Philomena's Church, Mysore|St. Philomena's Church]], Wesley's Cathedral, Karanji lake are notable religious places in Mysore.<ref name="tour" />

The Mysore Zoo, established in 1892,<ref>{{cite web|title=Zoo|url=http://mysore.nic.in/tourism_zoo.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122123706/http://mysore.nic.in/tourism_zoo.htm|archive-date=22 January 2012|access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref> the Karanji, Kukkarahalli and the Blue Lagoon Lake are popular recreational destinations. Blue Lagoon is a lake with a mini-island located behind the KrishnaRajaSagar (KRS) water dam, from which it is mesmerising to watch the sunset and sunrise.<ref name="tour" /><ref name="lakes">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Oct232007/state2007102331876.asp|title=A day after Dasara in Mysore ..|work=Deccan Herald|date=23 October 2007|access-date=5 November 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025042808/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Oct232007/state2007102331876.asp| archive-date = 25 October 2007}}</ref> Mysore has the [[Regional Museum of Natural History Mysore|Regional Museum of Natural History]], the [[Folk Lore Museum Mysore|Folk Lore Museum]], the [[Railway Museum Mysore|Railway Museum]] and the [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore|Oriental Research Institute]]. The city is a centre for [[yoga as exercise|yoga]]-related health tourism that attracts domestic and foreign visitors, particularly those who, for years, came to study with the late [[Ashtanga vinyasa yoga]] guru [[K. Pattabhi Jois]].<ref name="yoga">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/05/stories/2007020504660200.htm|date=5 February 2007|access-date=5 November 2007|title=Yoga draws people from all over to Mysore|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913015129/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/05/stories/2007020504660200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=13 September 2011}}</ref> Other recreational attractions in Mysore include GRS Snow Park, an indoor snow-themed entertainment facility offering artificial snow activities and experiences for visitors.<ref>{{cite web |title=GRS Snow Park Mysuru |url=https://www.grssnowpark.com/ |website=GRS Snow Park |access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref>

A short distance from Mysore city is the neighbouring Mandya District's [[Krishna Raja Sagara|Krishnarajasagar Dam]] and the adjoining [[Brindavan Gardens]], where a musical fountain show is held every evening. Places of historic importance close to Mysore are Mandya District's [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna]]. And other historical places are [[Somanathapura, Mysuru|Somanathapura]] and [[Group of temples at Talakad, Karnataka|Talakad]].<ref name="tour" /> [[Biligirirangan Hills|B R Hills]], [[Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta]] hill and the [[hill station]]s of [[Ooty]], [[Sultan Bathery]] and [[Madikeri]] are close to Mysore. Popular destinations for wildlife enthusiasts near Mysore include the [[Nagarahole National Park]], the wildlife sanctuaries at [[Melkote]], Mandya and [[B R Hills]] and the bird sanctuaries at [[Ranganathittu]], Mandya and [[Kokrebellur]], Mandya.<ref name="wildto">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/10/stories/2005031005270300.htm|date=10 March 2005|title=Three lakes of Mysore on IBAN list|access-date=5 November 2007|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606050238/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/10/stories/2005031005270300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=6 June 2007}}</ref> [[Bandipur National Park]] and [[Mudumalai National Park]] in Tamil Nadu, which are sanctuaries for [[gaur]], [[chital]], [[elephant]]s, [[tiger]]s, [[leopard]]s and other threatened species, lie between {{convert|60|and|100|km}} to the south. Other tourist spots near Mysore include the religious locations of [[Nanjanagud]] and [[Bylakuppe]] and the waterfalls at neighbouring districts of Mandya's [[Shivanasamudra]]. Known for their royal grandeur, the annual Mysore Dasara celebrations are a major tourist attraction and attract large number of tourists every year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mysore Dasara Festival |url=https://www.mysoredasara.org/about-mysore-dasara.html |website=Mysore Org}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{Main||Transport in Mysore}}

=== Road ===
[[File:Warli Paintings, Mysore.jpg|thumb|Warli paintings on a Mysore road]]

Mysore is connected by [[National Highway 212 (India)]] to the state border town of [[Gundlupet]], where the road forks into the states of [[Kerala]] and Tamil Nadu.<ref name="nh">{{cite web|url=http://www.kar.nic.in/pwd/mis2005/Map%201%20of%20MIS%20report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001645/http://www.kar.nic.in/pwd/mis2005/Map%201%20of%20MIS%20report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2007|work=The National Informatics Centre|title=National Highways in Karnataka|access-date=26 September 2007}}</ref>{{rp|1}} [[State Highway 17 (Karnataka)|State Highway 17]], which connects Mysore to Bangalore, was upgraded to a four-lane highway in 2006, reducing travel time between the two cities.<ref name="sh17">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/30/stories/2006083007330500.htm|date=30 August 2006|title=Bangalore-Mysore journey to be faster|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032629/http://hindu.com/2006/08/30/stories/2006083007330500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> A project was planned in 1994 to construct a [[Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor|new expressway]] to connect Bangalore and Mysore. After numerous legal hurdles, it remains unfinished {{as of|2012|lc=on}}.<ref name="nice">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072955031100.htm|date=29 July 2007|last=Rajendran|first=S|title=International consortium ready to take up Bangalore-Mysore Expressway project|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032719/http://hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072955031100.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="nice2012">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-11/bangalore/31145239_1_expressway-bangalore-mysore-infrastructure-corridor-mysore-and-bangalore|date=11 March 2012|title=New expressway may link Mysore and Bangalore|access-date=11 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217034159/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-11/bangalore/31145239_1_expressway-bangalore-mysore-infrastructure-corridor-mysore-and-bangalore|archive-date=17 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> State Highway 33 and [[National Highway 275 (India)|National Highway 275]] which connect Mysore to [[H D Kote]] and [[Mangalore]] respectively.<ref name="sh">{{cite web|url=http://kpwd.gov.in/roads.asp|publisher=Karnataka Public Works, Ports and Inland Water Transport Department|title=Roads in Karnataka|access-date=9 April 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518163314/http://kpwd.gov.in/roads.asp|archive-date=18 May 2008}}</ref> The [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]] (KSRTC) and other private agencies operate buses both within the city and between cities. A new division of KSRTC called Mysore City Transport Corporation (MCTC) has been proposed. Within the city, buses are cheap and popular means of transport, [[auto-rickshaw]]s are also available and ''[[tonga (carriage)|tongas]]'' (horse-drawn carriages) are popular with tourists.<ref name="tonga">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/01/stories/2005100105540300.htm|title=Riding through time|first=Sharath S.|last=Srivatsa|date=1 October 2005|access-date=5 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151733/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/01/stories/2005100105540300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>
Mysore also has a {{convert|42.5|km|mi|adj=on}} long [[Mysore Ring Road|ring road]] that is being upgraded to six lanes by the [[Mysore Urban Development Authority|MUDA]].<ref name="jnnurm">{{cite web|url=http://www.mysore.nic.in/Jnnurm%20Projects.htm|title=Mysore District Information Projects Approved|publisher=Mysore District Collectorate|access-date=3 February 2012|location=Mysore|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518174002/http://www.mysore.nic.in/Jnnurm%20Projects.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref> Mysore has implemented [[Intelligent transportation system|Intelligent Transport System (ITS)]] to manage its city buses and ferrying commuters.<ref name="its">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mysore-s-intelligent-transport-system-s-success-drives-other-cities-to-replicate-model/story-5MHByvK4kRCxALvREB6KDL.html|title=Mysore's Intelligent Transport System's success drives other cities to replicate model|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=27 February 2017|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227004627/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mysore-s-intelligent-transport-system-s-success-drives-other-cities-to-replicate-model/story-5MHByvK4kRCxALvREB6KDL.html|archive-date=27 February 2017}}</ref>

RTO code of Mysore West is KA09<ref name="RTO"/> and Mysore East is KA55.<ref name="RTO">{{Cite web |title=Transport Department, Karnataka |url=https://etc.karnataka.gov.in/General/rto_office.aspx |website=etc.karnataka.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430085343/https://etc.karnataka.gov.in/General/rto_office.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A public [[bicycle-sharing system]], Trin Trin, funded partially by the [[United Nations]] operates in the city.<ref name="Trin-Trin">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mysuru-will-go-trin-trin-from-today/article18715152.ece|work=The Hindu|date=3 June 2017|title=Trin Trin Bicycle system|access-date=3 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214238/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mysuru-will-go-trin-trin-from-today/article18715152.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> It is the first public bike-sharing system in India, and was started with the key objective of encouraging commuters to use bicycle instead of motorised modes of transport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mytrintrin.com/?page_id=5064|title=Trin Trin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412001343/https://www.mytrintrin.com/?page_id=5064|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=usurped|access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref>

=== Rail ===
[[File:Mysore Rly Station Panorama Karnataka Apr22 A7C 01908-10.jpg|thumb|[[Mysore Junction railway station]]]]

[[Mysore Junction railway station]] has three lines, connecting it to [[KSR Bengaluru]], [[Mangaluru Central]], and [[Chamarajanagar railway station|Chamarajanagar]]. The first railway line established in the city was the Bangalore–Mysore Junction [[metre gauge]] line, which was commissioned in 1882.<ref name="comm">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/03/stories/2004060309430300.htm|date=3 June 2004|title=Mysore Rail Museum celebrates silver jubilee|access-date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001015831/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/03/stories/2004060309430300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Railway lines that connect the city to Chamarajanagara and Mangaluru are unelectrified [[Single track (rail)|single track]] lines and the track that connects to Bengaluru is a electrified [[double track]] line.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Vishwanath|title=Mysore Railway Station Map/Atlas SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mysuru-junction-mysore-mys/1430|access-date=13 December 2020|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> Mysore Railway Junction comes under the jurisdiction of [[South Western Railway zone]]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Western Railway|url=https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,7,275,399|access-date=13 December 2020|website=swr.indianrailways.gov.in|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129020809/https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,7,275,399|url-status=dead}}</ref> Within the city limits of Mysore, there are two small stations in the line which connects to Chamarajanagara. They are [[Ashokapuram railway station|Ashokpuram]] and [[Chamarajapuram railway station|Chamarajapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jayashree|title=Chamarajapuram Railway Station Map/Atlas SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/chamarajapuram-cmj/6928|access-date=13 December 2020|website=indiarailinfo.com|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303095016/https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/chamarajapuram-cmj/6928|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Amit|title=Ashokapuram Railway Station Map/Atlas SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ashokapuram-ap/6929|access-date=13 December 2020|website=indiarailinfo.com|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126140639/https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ashokapuram-ap/6929|url-status=live}}</ref> The fastest train to serve the city is the [[Shatabdi Express]] which goes to [[Chennai Central]] via Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web|last=K|first=K.|title=12008/Mysuru - MGR Chennai Central Shatabdi Express - Mysore to MGR Chennai SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mysuru-mgr-chennai-central-shatabdi-express-12008/1525/1430/35|access-date=13 December 2020|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> A satellite terminal is planned at Naganahalli to reduce congestion in the main railway station. On 20 June 2022, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation to upgrade the present city railway junction. The {{INR|385 crore}} project envisages construction of another three platforms, four pit lines and four stabling lines to make nine platforms. Additionally, the Naganahali station will be expanded with a coach complex and MEMU hub, and two more platforms to reduce congestion in the city railway junction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 August 2020|title=Naganahalli Satellite Terminal DPR ready; awaits approval|url=https://starofmysore.com/naganahalli-satellite-terminal-dpr-ready-awaits-approval/|access-date=13 December 2020|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Air ===
[[File:Mysore Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Mysore Airport]]]]

[[Mysore Airport]] is a domestic airport and is located near the village of Mandakalli, 10 kilometres south of the centre of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Handy Mysore airport information from Skyscanner.|url=https://www.skyscanner.co.in/airports/myq/mysore-airport.html|access-date=13 December 2020|website=www.skyscanner.co.in|language=en-GB}}</ref> It was built by the kings of Mysore in early 1940s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vattam |first=Krishna |date=19 October 2009 |title=Tale of an airstrip: Then and now |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/31260/down-memory-lane.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=21 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521213725/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/31260/down-memory-lane.html |archive-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> Mysore Airport currently serves the city of Mysore and is connected to multiple domestic locations including [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 September 2017|title=Flight operations resume from Mysore Airport|url=https://starofmysore.com/flight-operations-resume-mysore-airport/|access-date=13 December 2020|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US|archive-date=14 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914094303/https://starofmysore.com/flight-operations-resume-mysore-airport/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]]. The current runway is not able to handle big flights and hence a runway expansion is about to take place expanding the runway from 1.7 km to 2.8 km and will be upgraded to international airport after the expansion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=Expand Mysore Airport runway to facilitate operation of Boeing planes|url=https://starofmysore.com/expand-mysore-airport-runway-to-facilitate-operation-of-boeing-planes/|access-date=13 December 2020|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref> The nearest International airport is [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore Airport]].

== Education ==
[[File:Mysore_university_building.JPG|thumb|[[University of Mysore]]]]
Before the advent of the European system of education in Mysore, ''[[Agrahara]]s'' ([[Brahmin]] [[Quarter (country subdivision)|quarters]]) provided [[Vedas|Vedic]] education to Hindus, and ''[[madrasa|madrassas]]'' provided schooling for Muslims.<ref name="rao1927">{{Cite book|last=Rao|first=C. Hayavadana|title=Mysore Gazetteer|publisher=Government Press, [[Mysore state]]|year=1927|location=Bangalore|author-link=C. Hayavadana Rao}}</ref>{{rp|459}} Modern education began in Mysore when a free English school was established in 1833.<ref name="hd">{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/human_development_in_karnataka_1999_full_report.pdf |work=Human development in Karnataka 1999 |title=Education and literacy |publisher=Planning Department, Government of Karnataka |page=50 |access-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191458/http://data.undp.org.in/shdr/kar/Karnataka1999.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> Maharaja's College was founded in 1864. A high school exclusively for girls was established in 1881 and was later renamed ''Maharani's Women's College''.<ref name="maharan">{{cite web |url=http://maharanisartsandcommercecollegemysore.com/ |title=Welcome to our college website |publisher=Maharani's Arts and Commerce College for Women, Mysore |access-date=29 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065602/http://maharanisartsandcommercecollegemysore.com/ |archive-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref> The ''Industrial School'', the first institute for [[technical education]] in the city, was established in 1892; this was followed by the [[Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts|Chamarajendra Technical Institute]] in 1913.<ref name="rao1927" />{{rp|601}} While the modern system of education have made inroads, colleges such as the ''Mysore Sanskrit Pāthaśhāla'', established in 1876, still continue to provide Vedic education.<ref name="rao1927" />{{rp|595}}

The education system was enhanced by the establishment of the [[University of Mysore]] in 1916.<ref name="univ">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Ravi |year=2004 |title=Record of excellence |journal=Frontline |volume=21 |issue=3 |url=http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2103/stories/20040213002409000.htm |access-date=29 February 2012 |archive-date=5 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905113524/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2103/stories/20040213002409000.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the sixth university to be established in India and the first in Karnataka.<ref name="univ" /> It was named ''Manasagangotri'' ("fountainhead of the [[Ganges]] of the mind") by the poet [[Kuvempu]]. The university caters to the districts of [[Mysore district|Mysore]], [[Mandya district|Mandya]], [[Hassan district|Hassan]] and [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]] in Karnataka. About 127 colleges, with a total of 53,000 students, are affiliated with the university.<ref name="colun">{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-mysore.ac.in/about-the-university/|work=Official Webpage of the University of Mysore|title=About the University|access-date=4 March 2012|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721011757/http://www.uni-mysore.ac.in/about-the-university/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its alumni include Kuvempu, [[Gopalakrishna Adiga]], [[S. L. Bhyrappa]], [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]] and [[N.R. Narayana Murthy]]. Engineering education began in Mysore with the establishment in 1946 of the [[National Institute of Engineering]], the second oldest engineering college in the state.<ref name="nie">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/26/stories/2006022604310500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202204547/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/26/stories/2006022604310500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2014|date=26 February 2006|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title= Agreements with industry to help NIE improve quality of education|access-date=20 November 2007}}</ref> The [[Mysore Medical College]], founded in 1924, was the first medical college to be started in Karnataka and the seventh in [[India]].<ref name="mmc">{{cite web|url=http://www.karunadu.gov.in/dmekarnataka/Autonomous_2.html|publisher=Directorate of Medical Education, Government of Karnataka|title=Autonomous colleges|access-date=4 March 2012|archive-date=20 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120074208/http://www.karunadu.gov.in/dmekarnataka/Autonomous_2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> National institutes in the city include te [[Central Food Technological Research Institute]], the [[Central Institute of Indian Languages]], the [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]], and the [[All India Institute of Speech and Hearing]].<ref name="cdp" />{{rp|18}} The city houses a campus multi-campus, multi-disciplinary private [[deemed university]], [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Mysuru Campus {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.amrita.edu/campus/mysore|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.amrita.edu}}</ref>

=== Universities ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Established
!University
!Type
!Level
!Specialisation
|-
|1916
|[[University of Mysore]]
|Public
| rowspan="3" |Undergraduate, Post-Graduate, and Doctoral Research
| rowspan="3" |Multi-disciplinary
|-
|1948
|[[National Institute of Engineering]]
|Private
|-
|1996
|[[Karnataka State Open University]]
|Public
|-
|2008
|[[Karnataka State Music University, Mysore|Karnataka State Music University]]
|Public
|Undergraduate and Post-Graduate
|Music
|-
|2016
|JSS Science and Technology University
|Private
|Undergraduate, Post-Graduate and Doctoral Research
|Multi-disciplinary
|}

=== Autonomous institutes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Established
!Institute
!Type
!Commissioning Body/Affiliation
!Level
!Specialisation
|-
|1992
|[[Mahajana Law College]]
|Private
||Affiliated to [[Mysore University]]
|Undergraduate, LLB
|Law
|-
|1924
|[[Mysore Medical College & Research Institute]]
|Public
|Affiliated to [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]]
| rowspan="2" |Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research
|Medicine
|-
|1928
|[[Yuvaraja's College, Mysore]]
|Public
|University of Mysore
|[[Basic Science]]
|-
|1946
|[[National Institute of Engineering]]
|Government-aided private
|Affiliated to [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]]
|Undergraduate, post-graduate
|Engineering
|-
|1950
|[[Central Food Technological Research Institute]]
| rowspan="2" |Public
|Set up by the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
| rowspan="2" |Research and development
|Food technology
|-
|1961
|[[Defence Food Research Laboratory]]
|Set up by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
|Defence and contingency food technology
|-
|1963
|Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering
|Private
|Affiliated to JSS Science and Technology University
|Undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral research
|Engineering
|-
|1963
|[[Regional Institute of Education, Mysore|Regional Institute of Education, Mysore (NCERT)]]
|Government
|Affiliated to [[University of Mysore]]
|Undergraduate, Post-graduate and Research in the field of Teacher Education
|Educational Training and Research
|-
|1966
|[[All India Institute of Speech and Hearing]]
|Public
|Commissioned by the Central [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
|Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research
|Audiology, speech, and hearing
|-
|1945
|[[Sarada Vilas College]]
|Private
|Affiliated to Mysore University
|Undergraduate, Graduate, LLB, Pharmacy
|Educational
|-
|1997
|[[Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering]]
|Private
|Affiliated to [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]]
|Undergraduate, Post Graduate, Research and Development
|Engineering
|}

== Media ==
[[File:Oriental Library, Mysore, India.jpg|thumb|upright|Oriental Library]]
Newspaper publishing in Mysore started in 1859 when Bhashyam Bhashyacharya began publishing a weekly newspaper in Kannada called the ''Mysooru Vrittanta Bodhini'',<ref name="bb">{{cite web|title=Vernacular newspapers and periodicals: their influence on modernity, reforms and trends in nineteenth-century Mysore|work=17th European conference on modern South Asian studies, Heidelberg|first=J. V.|last=Gayathri|access-date=27 September 2007|url=http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/ecmsa/50.html|publisher=University of Heidelberg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051018202316/http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/ecmsa/50.html|archive-date=18 October 2005}}</ref> the first of a number of weekly newspapers published in the following three decades.<ref name="bb" /> A well-known Mysore publisher during Wodeyar rule was [[M. Venkatakrishnaiah]], known as the father of Kannada journalism, who started several news magazines.<ref name="fathe">{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/july272004/spt2.asp|work=Deccan Herald|date=27 July 2004|title=His struggle for justice|first=Shrinivas|last=Havanur|access-date=5 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121214/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/july272004/spt2.asp|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> Many local newspapers are published in Mysore and carry news mostly related to the city and its surroundings,<ref name="local">{{cite web |url=http://rni.nic.in/webreport.asp |title=Circulation as claimed by publisher for 2005–06 |publisher=The Registrar of Newspapers for India |access-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721174652/https://rni.nic.in/webreport.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> and national and regional dailies in English and Kannada are available, as in the other parts of the state. [[Sudharma]], the only Indian daily newspaper in Sanskrit, is published in Mysore.<ref name="only">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/21/stories/2007072158620300.htm|date=21 July 2007|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|title=Keeping Sanskrit alive|access-date=28 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603165014/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/21/stories/2007072158620300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref>

Mysore was the location of the first private radio broadcasting station in India when ''Akashavani'' (voice from the sky) was established in the city on 10 September 1935 by M.V. Gopalaswamy, a professor of psychology, at his house in the Vontikoppal area of Mysore, using a 50-watt transmitter.<ref name="gs">{{cite web|first=Deepa|last=Ganesh|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/03/09/stories/2006030901660100.htm|date=9 March 2006|title=Still a hot favourite at 50|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153231/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/03/09/stories/2006030901660100.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="mal">{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul82007/finearts2007070711530.asp|work=Deccan Herald|date=8 July 2007|first=Mala|last=Kumar|title=Passion for transmission|access-date=5 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229070759/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul82007/finearts2007070711530.asp|archive-date=29 December 2011}}</ref> The station was taken over by the princely state of Mysore in 1941 and was moved to Bangalore in 1955. In 1957, ''Akashvani'' was chosen as the official name of [[All India Radio]] (AIR), the radio broadcaster of the Government of India. The AIR station at Mysore broadcasts an [[FM radio]] channel at 100.6 [[MHz]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/South%20Zone%20Region%20Services%2017082016.pdf |title=South Zone Region Services |access-date=27 September 2007 |publisher=All India Radio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029050219/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/South%20Zone%20Region%20Services%2017082016.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref> and [[Gyan Vani]] broadcasts on 105.6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/icc/empc/facility|title=Electronic Media Production Centre (EMPC), facilities|publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Open University]]|access-date=4 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304001918/http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/icc/empc/facility|archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> [[BIG FM 92.7|BIG FM]], [[Radio Mirchi]] and [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] are the three private FM channels operating in the city.<ref name="fm1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|title=List of operational pvt. FM radio stations in India|access-date=4 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105950/http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2012}}</ref>

Mysore started receiving television broadcasts in the early 1980s, when [[Doordarshan]] ([[Public broadcasting|public service broadcaster]] of the Indian government) started broadcasting its national channel all over India. This was the only channel available to Mysoreans until [[STAR TV (Asia)|Star TV]] started satellite channels in 1991. Direct-to-home channels are now available in Mysore.<ref name="dth">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/21/stories/2004092104750300.htm|date=21 September 2004|title=Direct-to-Home service launched|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032558/http://hindu.com/2004/09/21/stories/2004092104750300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref>

== Sports ==
The Wodeyar kings of Mysore were patrons of games and sports. King [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] had a passion for indoor games. He invented new board games and popularised the ''ganjifa'' card game.<ref name="board">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63008-2005Mar24.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=25 March 2005|title=Fun is the name of the game|first=Mary|last=Quattlebaum|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094333/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63008-2005Mar24.html|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> [[Malla-yuddha]] (traditional wrestling) has a history in Mysore dating back to the 16th century.<ref name="wres">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/30/stories/2003093003910500.htm|date=30 September 2003|title=Nada kusti as popular as ever|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032533/http://hindu.com/2003/09/30/stories/2003093003910500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The wrestling competition held in Mysore during the ''Dasara'' celebrations attracts wrestlers from all over India. An annual sports meeting is organised there during the ''Dasara'' season too.<ref name="dassp">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/07/stories/2005100707512000.htm|title=Mysore Dasara Sports from today|date=7 October 2005|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032606/http://hindu.com/2005/10/07/stories/2005100707512000.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref>

In 1997 Mysore and Bangalore co-hosted the city's biggest sports event ever, the [[National Games of India]]. Mysore was the venue for six sports: archery, gymnastics, [[equestrianism]], handball, table tennis and wrestling.<ref name="ng">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/2567/|work=The Indian Express|date=1 June 1997|title=Delayed start for gymnastics|author=S Mageshwaran|access-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Cricket is by far the most popular sport in Mysore.<ref name="crictoi">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysore/Business-slows-down-as-cricket-fever-rises/articleshow/7588993.cms|title=Business slows down as cricket fever rises|date=27 February 2011|work=The Times of India|access-date=6 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303152843/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysore/Business-slows-down-as-cricket-fever-rises/articleshow/7588993.cms|archive-date=3 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="cric">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/14/stories/2004031407400300.htm|date=14 March 2004|title=Cricket brings Mysore to a grinding halt|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032543/http://hindu.com/2004/03/14/stories/2004031407400300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> The city has five established cricket grounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/town/58329.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |title=Grounds – India – Mysore |access-date=28 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531165454/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/town/58329.html |archive-date=31 May 2016 }}</ref> [[Javagal Srinath]], who represented India for several years as its frontline [[fast bowling|fast bowler]], comes from Mysore.<ref name="js">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/03/stories/2002020300170300.htm|title=A cricketer and a gentleman|first=Ramachandra|last=Guha|date=3 February 2002|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206124626/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/03/stories/2002020300170300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=6 December 2007}}</ref> Other prominent sportsmen from the city are [[Prahlad Srinath]], who has represented India in [[Davis Cup]] tennis tournaments; [[Reeth Abraham]], a national champion in the [[heptathlon]] and a long jump record holder; [[Sagar Kashyap]], the youngest Indian to officiate at the [[Wimbledon Championships]]; and Rahul Ganapathy, a national amateur golf champion.<ref name="tenn">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/27322/|work=The Indian Express|date=7 April 1998|title= Back-up cast needs a boost|author=S K John|access-date=27 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="reeth">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/06/stories/2003030600890400.htm|date=6 March 2003|first=Kalyan|last=Ashok|title=A reverie with Reeth|access-date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128225054/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/06/stories/2003030600890400.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="golf">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102807391900.htm|date=28 October 2005|title=Rohana soars after stunning eagle|first=Rakesh|last=Rao|access-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030045930/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102807391900.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=30 October 2005}}</ref><ref name="toisagar">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-07/top-stories/29519662_1_itf-umpire-wimbledon |title=Kashyap to officiate up to Wimbledon quarters |date=7 May 2011 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518185020/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-07/top-stories/29519662_1_itf-umpire-wimbledon |archive-date=18 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Mysore race course hosts a racing season each year from August through October.<ref name="race">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/22/stories/2007082262092400.htm|date=22 August 2007|title=Mysore season from August 23|access-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032729/http://hindu.com/2007/08/22/stories/2007082262092400.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> India's first [[Hostelling International|youth hostel]] was formed in the Maharaja's College Hostel in 1949.<ref name="yh">{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/hostel/youthhostel/yhkar.htm|work=The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India|title=Mysore Youth Hostel|access-date=28 September 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017044524/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/hostel/youthhostel/yhkar.htm |archive-date = 17 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Notable people ==


* [[Srimushnam Srinivasa Murthy]] (1923–2009), Gandhian Freedom Fighter and Kannada writer

== Sister cities ==
* [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, United States (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cincinnatisistercity.org/ |title=Cincinnati USA Sister City Association Cincinnati Ohio |publisher=Cincinnati USA Sister City Association |access-date=7 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203503/http://www.cincinnatisistercity.org/ |archive-date=18 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>"[http://www.wlwt.com/article/cincinnati-adds-new-sister-city/3523634 Cincinnati adds new sister city] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029111553/http://www.wlwt.com/article/cincinnati-adds-new-sister-city/3523634 |date=29 October 2016 }}". WLWT (11 July 2012) Retrieved on 28 October 2016.</ref><ref>"[https://archive.today/20130103201537/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-04/mysore/33035245_1_rajeshwari-puttaswamy-pact-sister-city Green signal for Mysore-Cincinnati pact]". ''The Times of India'' (4 August 2012). Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref>
* [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]], New Hampshire, United States (2016)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://citytoday.news/mysuru-and-nashua-sister-cities-to-have-bilateral-relationship-initiative/|title=Mysuru and Nashua sister cities to have bilateral relationship initiative – Mysuru Today|date=27 September 2016|work=Mysuru Today|access-date=19 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002072137/https://citytoday.news/mysuru-and-nashua-sister-cities-to-have-bilateral-relationship-initiative/|archive-date=2 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nhpr.org/post/nashua-sees-development-opportunities-voyage-indian-city#stream/0|title=Nashua Sees Development Opportunities in Voyage To Indian City|last=Corwin|first=Emily|access-date=19 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920045353/http://nhpr.org/post/nashua-sees-development-opportunities-voyage-indian-city#stream/0|archive-date=20 September 2017}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[C V Rangacharlu Memorial Hall]]
* [[List of cities in India by population ]]
* [[Mahisha kingdom]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Mysore ]]
* [[Mysuru Local Planning Area]]
* [[Largest Indian cities by GDP]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book|last= Javare Gowda|first= Deve Gowda|title= Village Names of Mysore District: An Analytical Study|orig-date=1998|year= 1998|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-206-1390-2|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book|last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|author-link=Suryanath U. Kamath|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|orig-date=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041|lccn= 80905179|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nair|first= Janaki|title= Mysore Modern: Rethinking the Region Under Princely Rule|publisher= University of Minnesota Press|location= Minneapolis, US|year= 2011| isbn=978-0-8166-7383-4|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C|title=Bangalore – Mysore|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad, India|isbn=0-86311-431-8|first=Afried|last=Raman|year=1994|access-date=25 September 2007|ref=none|archive-date=19 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219015646/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last= Rao|first=C. Hayavadana|author-link=C. Hayavadana Rao|title=Mysore Gazetteer|year=1927|publisher=Government Press, [[Mysore state]]|location=Bangalore|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last= Rice|first= B. L.|author-link=Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore and Coorg: Mysore, by districts
|year=1876|publisher= Mysore Government Press|location= Mysore|url=https://archive.org/details/mysoreandcoorgm00ricegoog |access-date=29 February 2012|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last= Rice|first= B. L.|author-link=Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1|orig-date=1897|year=2001|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-206-0977-8|ref=none}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikivoyage|Mysore}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120401044533/http://www.mysorepalace.gov.in/ Mysore Palace – Govt of Karnataka]
* [https://mysurucitycorporation.co.in/WebSiteMysuru/home.aspx Mysore City Corporation]
* [https://adfinityclarity.com/seo-search-engine-optimization SEO Services]
* [https://mysore.nic.in/en/ Mysore District Information]

{{Mysore topics}}
{{Princely states of India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mysore| ]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in India]]

N. Samuel of Tranquebar

2026-03-13T08:24:01Z

MatildaAldrich: expanded content

{{short description|Indian theologian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
[[Image:nsamuel.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Portrait of Rev. N. Samuel]]

Rev. '''N. Samuel''' of [[Tharangambadi|Tranquebar]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: ஞா.சாமுவேல்; 18 September 1850 – 20 May 1927) was a professor in divinity, [[pastor]] in the [[Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church]] (T.E.L.C.), and a [[Hymnwriter|hymnodist]]. He was a famous poet and author of many books. He was also the first member of the Leipzig Evangelical Lutheran Mission (L.E.L.M.) Council.

==Timeline==
*Born at [[Kumbakonam]] on 18 September 1850
*Trained by R. Handmann, Tranquebar Seminary 1877–1880 & 1892–1901
*Ordained on 31 October 1878 at [[Tranquebar]], by senior J. M. N. Schwartz
*Pastor at Tranquebar 1880–1891 & 1897–1919
*Pastor at [[Karaikal]]<ref name="directory">{{cite book |author=S. Modak |title=Directory of Protestant Indian Christians, Volume 1 |year=1900 |location=Ahmednaga (India) |pages=537 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHgsAAAAYAAJ&q=N.+Samuel+of+Tranquebar&pg=PA537 }}</ref> 1897–1919
*Pastor at [[Manigramam, Tamil Nadu|Manikramam]] 1919
*Pastor at [[Porayar]] 1917–1919
*Pastor at [[Bangalore]] 1921
*With Missouri Mission 1921–1927
*Returned to T.E.L.C. Early 1927
*Died in [[Madras]] on 20 May 1927

==Professor==
He was the first Indian professor in the Theological Colleges in Tranquebar, Porayar, and Bangalore ([[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]]). He was slated to teach some classes in the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]] in [[Chennai]], when he died.

[[Image:ZehmeandSamuel.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Series Pastorum in [[New Jerusalem Church, Tranquebar|New Jerusalem Church in Tranquebar]]]]

==Poet==
Best known among his lyrics are "En Meetpar Uyirodirukayilay" (என் மீட்பர் உயிரோடிருக்கயிலே), "Senaigalin Kartharey" (சேனைகளின் கர்த்தரே), "Seerthiri Yegavasthey" (சீர்திரி ஏகவஸ்தே நமோ நமோ), and "Gunapadu Paavi" (குணப்படு பாவி). He composed the college song "Arulaar Putkarathil Thangi" and designed the monogram, for the Gurukul Lutheran Theological College.

[[Vedanayagam Sastriar]] of Tanjore, [[Henry Alfred Krishnapillai|Krishnapillai of Palyamkottai]], and N. Samuel of Tranquebar were known as the triumvirate of Tamil Christian poets.

One of his earliest compositions was about a journey to Tanjore called "Thanjai Payan Padham". Another was "Kallu Kummi" (The Toddy Kummi), where the strong drink talks about her glories, which made the drunkard blush in shame. His book ''Gospel Lyrics'' contains 200 songs composed over a period of 60 years.

He is remembered as a translator who put German hymns into Tamil meter,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hymn # 272|url=http://dhyanamalar.org/hymns-spiritual-songs/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95/|website=dhyanamalar.org |access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> including the following:
* Gott sei Dank in aller Welt, "Kartharukku Sthothiram" (கர்த்தருக்கு ஸ்தோத்திரம்)
* {{lang|de|[[O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden]]}}, "Erathangaayam Kuth-thum" (இரத்தம் காயம் குத்தும்)
* Nun freut euch, Gottes Kinder all, "Magizh Karthaavin Manthayae" (மகிழ் கர்த்தாவின் மந்தையே)
* {{lang|de|[[Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend]]}}, "Aa Yesuvae, Neer Yengalai" (ஆ ஏசுவே, நீர் எங்களை)
* {{lang|de|[[Wer weiß, wie nahe mir mein Ende]]}}, "Naal Pome, Yen Saavu Velai" (எந்த நாள் போம், ஏன் சாவு வேளை)
* Laudamus te, "Ummai Thuthikirome" (உம்மை துதிக்கிறோமே)
* Du, o schönes Weltgebäude, "Veghuperuku-inbamaana" (வெகுபேருக்கு இன்பமான)

==Author==
Rev. N. Samuel wrote several books<ref name="directory"/> on [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] history, theology, and practical Christian living. He also wrote for children. He wrote in both [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[German language|German]], and also translated several books from German to Tamil.

Among the books authored by him are:
* ''Thoopa Kalasam'', Censer of Incense
* ''Thiru tiru virunthadi'', Pocket Communion Book
* ''Ullathu Narpathu''
* ''Pushpa Kodai''
* Companion to the Village Preacher
* Life of Ziegenbalg
* Tranquebar Mission History
* Village Sermons Vol I ''Suvisesha Vaakiya Prasanga Puthagam'', sermonic works on the Gospels
* Village Sermons Vol II ''Niruba Vaakiya Prasanga Puthagam'', sermonic works on the Epistles
* Plain Talk of a Plain Christian
* The Pocket Prayer Book
* ''Martin Luther Sasthriyaar Viviya Sarithira Surukkam''
* ''Yerusalem Nagar Alivu''
* ''Yezhu Siru Vaarthaigal''
* Christian Proverbs and Maxims--''Naru Malarkothu''
* ''Tharangai Mission Sarithiram'' (Styled after Fenger's History of the Tranquebar Mission)
* ''Orusandhinaal Dhyaanam'', meditations for Lent with 40 meditations
* ''Ullathu Solvane''

For theological students, he wrote:
* ''Samayosidha Vedha Vaakiya Kuripu'', concordance
* ''Sathiya Vedhabayiram'', an introduction to the Bible
* ''Thiruchabai Varusha Vivaram'', Outlines of Church History

For children, he wrote:
* Children's storybook, ''Paalar Poocharam''
* Moral tales, ''Kadhaa Malar Koodai'', Basket of Flowers
* Children's prayer book

For parents, he wrote:
* ''Petror Ozhukkam''

His translations:
* ''Mey Manasthaabam kanneer'', translation of Heinrich Muller's ''Tears of Repentance'', a booklet that is a good preparation for partaking in the Holy Communion.

He was one of those responsible for the translation of a revised version of the New Testament.

==Pastor==
Most of his life was spent in Tranquebar, the little port town that welcomed missionaries [[Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg]] (and [[Heinrich Plütschau]]), sent by [[Frederick IV of Denmark|King Frederick IV of Denmark]] in 1706, and [[Christian Friedrich Schwarz]], sponsored at the time by the [[Danish Missionary Society]] in [[Copenhagen]].

He was ordained on 31 October 1878 at Tranquebar, by senior J. M. N. Schwartz. From that moment on, he served as pastor in the Lutheran Mission (later known as T.E.L.C.) until his death on 20 May 1927, except for a brief stint with the Missouri Mission, towards the end of his life from 1921 to 1927. The towns and cities where he served are: Tranquebar (1880–1891 and 1897–1919), Karaikal (1897–1919), Manikramam (1919), Porayar (1917–1919), Bangalore (1921), and Madras.<ref name="Meeting1939">{{cite book|author=International Missionary Council. Meeting|title=The growing church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddorAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|publisher=International Missionary Council|page=206}}</ref>

He preached his last sermon on 1 May 1927, in the Lutheran Adaikalanathar Church, Purasawakam, Madras, on [[Gospel of John|John]] 10:11–16.

==Theologian==
His [[Christian theology|theology]] was rooted in [[Pietism|Lutheran Pietism]], a renewed form of the post-reformation Lutheranism that was held by theologians in Halle in the 16th century, such as [[August Hermann Francke]] (1663–1727) and [[Philipp Jakob Spener]] (1635–1705). He was well versed in the life, works, and teachings of [[Martin Luther]].

He was a great lover of [[Charles Spurgeon|Spurgeon's]] works, and possessed many of his books in his library. After reading John Ploughman's ''Talk'' and John Ploughman's ''Pictures'', he wrote ''Ullathu Solvayne''. Samuel was known as Tamil Spurgeon, although it is not clear if he was known for his strictness in doctrinal matters or for his homiletic gifts. He was also familiar with [[C. F. W. Walther|Waltharian]] views of Lutheranism. His allegiance was to God first and only then to his church. When it was time for the German missionaries to leave India, leaving the leadership on Indian shoulders, it was decided that the church would follow an [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]] form of church government. Rev. N. Samuel felt that this and other innovations that were introduced were not according to the Biblical model and protested. When he realised that change was inevitable, in the middle of 1921, he left the T.E.L.C that he had served all his life, and joined the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod|Missouri Mission]]. He returned to the T.E.L.C. in 1927 shortly before his death.

==References==

* List of Evangelical Lutheran missionaries in India (1705-19550)
* Arunodayam Issue No. 10 October 1927
* Silver Golden Jubilee Souvenir 1927-1977/1953-1978
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=pOIoAAAAYAAJ The Evangelisch-Lutherisches Missionsblatt 1894]
* The Evangelisch-Lutherisches Missionsblatt 1912
* The Gospel Witness Vol VIII February 1913 No. 6
* The Gospel Witness Vol VIII April 1913 No. 8
* The Gospel Witness Vol XXIII September 1927 No. 1
* The Gospel Witness Vol XXIII December 1927 No. 4
* The Gospel Witness Vol LI December 1955 No. 4
* Die Kleine Missionsglocke 1909
* Die Kleine Missionsglocke 1911 Vol XII
* Die Kleine Missionsglocke 1918 Vol XIX
* Die Kleine Missionsglocke 1927 Vol XXVIII
* Evangelisch Lutherischen Mission 1908
* The Lutheran Enterprise in India, edited by C.H.Swavely
* [http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/schwartz/schwartz.htm Christian Friedrich Schwartz, Lutheran Missionary to India, 1749–1798] at www.wmcarey.edu

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*Mention of N.Samuel's name in {{BBKL|z/ziegenbalg|band=14|autor=Werner Raupp|artikel=Ziegenbalg, Bartholomäus|spalten=452–461}}
*Monogram of Gurukul Lutheran Theologican College<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gltc.edu/overview/monogram|title=Monogram}}</ref>

{{Lutheran hymnody}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel, N.}}
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian Lutheran theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Lutheran clergy]]
[[Category:Indian evangelicals]]
[[Category:1850 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Tranquebar]]

Infantry

2026-03-10T02:12:36Z

MatildaAldrich: added info

{{Short description|Military personnel who engage in ground combat}}
{{Redirect|Foot soldier|other uses of "foot soldier"|Foot soldier (disambiguation)}}
{{For-multi|1=the professional journal of the United States Army |2=Infantry (magazine) |3=the 1999 video game |4=Infantry (video game)}}
{{text-source|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
[[File:CJEF joint training Exercise Wessex Storm 2020 MOD 45167425.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[French Army]] and [[British Army]] infantry during a [[military exercise]] in 2020]]
{{War}}
'''Infantry''', or '''infantryman''' are a type of [[soldier]] who specialize in ground [[combat]], typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadly encompasses a wide variety of subspecialties, including [[light infantry]], [[irregular infantry]], [[heavy infantry]], [[mountain infantry]], [[motorized infantry]], [[mechanized infantry]], [[Airborne forces|airborne infantry]], [[Air assault|air assault infantry]], and [[Marines|naval infantry]]. Other subtypes of infantry, such as [[line infantry]] and [[mounted infantry]], were once commonplace but fell out of favor in the 19th century with the invention of more accurate and powerful weapons.

== Etymology and terminology ==
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2021}}

[[File:Tafel Io.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Various infantry of the 17th through 18th century ([[halberdier]], [[arquebus]]ier, [[pikeman]], and mix of [[musketeer]]s and [[grenadier]]s) of [[Duchy of Württemberg]]|left]]

In English, use of the term ''infantry'' began about the 1570s, describing [[soldier]]s who march and fight on foot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Infantry - Etymology, Origin & Meaning |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/infantry |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=etymonline |language=en-US}}</ref> The word derives from [[Middle French]] {{Lang|frm|infanterie}}, from older Italian (also Spanish) ''infanteria'' (foot soldiers too inexperienced for cavalry), from Latin ''[[wikt:infans|īnfāns]]'' (without speech, newborn, foolish), from which English also gets ''[[wikt:infant|infant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infantry|url=http://www.etymonline.com/word/infantry|website=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref> The individual-soldier term ''infantryman'' was not coined until 1837.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infantryman|url=http://www.etymonline.com/word/infantryman|website=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref> In modern usage, foot soldiers of any era are now considered infantry and infantrymen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infantry|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/infantry|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref> Some military forces, such as the Canadian Army, use the term "infanteer" as opposed to "infantryman" to refer to an individual soldier of the infantry <ref>{{cite web | title=Infanteer | Canadian Armed Forces | url=https://forces.ca/en/career/infanteer/ }}</ref>

From the mid-18th century until 1881, the [[British Army]] named its infantry as numbered regiments "of Foot" to distinguish them from [[cavalry]] and [[dragoon]] regiments (see [[List of regiments of foot|List of Regiments of Foot]]).{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Infantry equipped with special weapons were often named after that weapon, such as [[grenadier]]s for their [[grenade]]s, or [[fusilier]]s for their ''fusils''. These names can persist long after the weapon speciality; examples of infantry units that retained such names are the [[Royal Irish Fusiliers]] and the [[Grenadier Guards]].

[[Dragoon]]s were created as [[mounted infantry]], with horses for travel between battles; they were still considered infantry since they dismounted before combat. However, if [[light cavalry]] was lacking in an army, any available dragoons might be assigned their duties; this practice increased over time, and dragoons eventually received all the weapons and training as both infantry and cavalry, and could be classified as both. Conversely, starting about the mid-19th century, regular cavalry have been forced to spend more of their time dismounted in combat due to the ever-increasing effectiveness of enemy infantry firearms. Thus most cavalry transitioned to mounted infantry. As with grenadiers, the ''dragoon'' and ''cavalry'' designations can be retained long after their horses, such as in the [[Royal Dragoon Guards]], [[Royal Lancers]], and [[King's Royal Hussars]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

[[File:M2 loading.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Infantry of the [[3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment]] of the [[United States Army]] boarding an [[M2 Bradley]] [[Infantry fighting vehicle|IFV]] in [[Iraq]] in 2006]]

Similarly, [[motorised infantry]] have trucks and other unarmed vehicles for non-combat movement, but are still infantry since they leave their vehicles for any combat. Most modern infantry have vehicle transport, to the point where infantry being motorised is generally assumed, and the few exceptions might be identified as modern ''light infantry''. [[Mechanised infantry]] go beyond motorised, having transport vehicles with combat abilities, [[armoured personnel carrier]]s (APCs), providing at least some options for combat without leaving their vehicles. In modern infantry, some APCs have evolved to be [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s (IFVs), which are transport vehicles with more substantial combat abilities, approaching those of [[light tank]]s. Some well-equipped mechanised infantry can be designated as ''armoured infantry''. Given that infantry forces typically also have some tanks, and given that most armoured forces have more mechanised infantry units than tank units in their organisation, the distinction between mechanised infantry and armour forces has blurred.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of infantry}}
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2021}}

[[File:Greek soldiers of Greco–Persian Wars.png|thumb|Ancient Greek infantry of the [[Greco-Persian Wars]] (499–449 BC): [[light infantry]] (left, [[Sling (weapon)|slinger]]), and the [[heavy infantry]] (middle and right, [[hoplite]]s)|left]]
The first military forces in history were infantry. In [[ancient history|antiquity]], infantry were armed with early melee weapons such as a [[spear]], [[battle axe|axe]], or [[sword]], or an early ranged weapon like a [[javelin]], [[sling (weapon)|sling]], or [[bow and arrow|bow]], with a few infantrymen being expected to use both a melee and a ranged weapon. With the [[History of gunpowder|development of gunpowder]], infantry began converting to primarily [[firearm]]s. By the time of [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic warfare]], infantry, cavalry and artillery formed a basic triad of ground forces, though infantry usually remained the most numerous. With [[armoured warfare]], [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s have replaced the horses of cavalry, and [[airpower]] has added a new dimension to ground combat, but infantry remains pivotal to all modern [[combined arms]] operations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Christopher |title=Contemporary Warfare, the Utility of Infantry, and Implications for the Project Land 400 Combined Arms Fighting System |url=https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/australian-army-journal-aaj/volume-7-number-2-winter/contemporary-warfare-utility-infantry-and-implications-project-land-400-combined-arms-fighting-system |website=Australian Army Journal |publisher=Directorate of Future Land Warfare |access-date=1 January 2010}}</ref>

The first warriors, adopting [[hunting weapon#History|hunting weapons]] or improvised melee weapons,<ref name="Kelly">{{cite journal|last=Kelly|first=Raymond|date=October 2005|title=The evolution of lethal intergroup violence|journal=PNAS|volume=102|issue=43|pages=24–29|doi=10.1073/pnas.0505955102|pmc=1266108|pmid=16129826|doi-access=free}}</ref> before the existence of any organised military, likely started essentially as loose groups without any organisation or formation. But this changed sometime before [[recorded history]]; the first [[List of empires|ancient empires]] (2500–1500 BC) are shown to have some soldiers with standardised military equipment, and the training and discipline required for battlefield formations and manoeuvres: [[Regular army|regular infantry]].<ref>Keeley, ''War Before Civilization'', 1996, Oxford University Press, p. 45, Fig. 3.1</ref> Though the main force of the army, these forces were usually kept small due to their cost of training and upkeep, and might be supplemented by local short-term mass-conscript forces using the older [[irregular infantry]] weapons and tactics; this remained a common practice almost up to modern times.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newman|first1=Simon|title=Military in the Middle Ages|url=http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/military-in-the-middle-ages.html|website=thefinertimes.com|date=29 May 2012|access-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Rocroi, el último tercio, por Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau.jpg|thumb|''Rocroi, el último tercio'' ("Roicroi, the last tercio") by [[Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau]], portraying infantry of a battered Spanish ''[[tercio]]'' at the 1643 [[Battle of Rocroi]]]]

Before the adoption of the [[chariot]] to create the first mobile fighting forces {{circa|2000 BC}},<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilford|first1=John Noble|title=Remaking the Wheel: Evolution of the Chariot|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/22/science/remaking-the-wheel-evolution-of-the-chariot.html|website=The New York Times, Science|access-date=12 November 2017|date=22 February 1994}}</ref> all armies were pure infantry. Even after, with a few exceptions like the [[Mongol Empire]], infantry has been the largest component of most armies in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Infantry {{!}} Soldiers, Tactics, Combat {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/infantry |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Western world]], from [[Classical Antiquity]] through the [[Middle Ages]] ({{circa|lk=no}} 8th century BC to 15th century AD), infantry are categorised as either [[heavy infantry]] or [[light infantry]]. After the fall of Rome, the quality of heavy infantry declined, and warfare was dominated by [[heavy cavalry]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kagay|first1=Donald J.|last2=Villalon|first2=L. J. Andrew|title=The Circle of War in the Middle Ages|date=1999|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-0851156453|page=53}}</ref> such as [[knight]]s, forming small elite units for decisive [[shock combat]], supported by peasant infantry [[militia]]s and assorted light infantry from the lower classes. Towards the end of Middle Ages, this began to change, where more professional and better trained light infantry could be effective against knights, such as the [[English longbow]]men in the [[Hundred Years' War]]. By the start of the [[Renaissance]], the infantry began to [[Infantry revolution|return]] to a larger role, with [[Swiss pikemen]] and German [[Landsknechts]] filling the role of heavy infantry again, using [[pike square|dense formations of pikes]] to drive off any cavalry.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carey|first1=Brian Todd|title=Warfare in the Medieval World|date=2006|publisher=Pen & Sword Military|location=London|isbn=978-1848847415|page=chapter 6}}</ref>

Dense formations are vulnerable to ranged weapons. Technological developments allowed the raising of large numbers of light infantry units armed with ranged weapons, without the years of training expected for traditional high-skilled archers and slingers. This started slowly, first with [[crossbow]]men, then [[hand cannon]]eers and [[arquebus]]iers, each with increasing effectiveness, marking the beginning of [[early modern warfare]], when [[firearm]]s rendered the use of heavy infantry obsolete. The introduction of [[musketeer]]s using [[bayonet]]s in the mid 17th century began replacement of the pike with the [[infantry square]] replacing the pike square.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Archer|first1=Christon I.|title=World History of Warfare|url=https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch|url-access=registration|date=2002|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0803219410|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch/page/291 291]}}</ref>

[[File:French bayonet charge.jpg|thumb|French Army infantry in a line formation performing a [[bayonet charge]] in 1913|left]]

To maximise their firepower, musketeer infantry were trained to fight in wide lines facing the enemy, creating [[line infantry]]. These fulfilled the central battlefield role of earlier heavy infantry, using ranged weapons instead of melee weapons. To support these lines, smaller infantry formations using dispersed [[skirmish line]]s were created, called light infantry, fulfilling the same multiple roles as earlier light infantry. Their arms were no lighter than line infantry; they were distinguished by their skirmish formation and flexible tactics.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The modern [[rifleman]] infantry became the primary force for taking and holding ground on battlefields as an element of [[combined arms]]. As firepower continued to increase, use of infantry lines diminished, until all infantry became light infantry in practice. Modern classifications of infantry have since expanded to reflect modern equipment and tactics, such as [[motorised infantry]], [[Mechanised infantry|mechanised or armoured infantry]], [[mountain infantry]], [[marine infantry]], and [[airborne infantry]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Equipment ==
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2017}}

[[File:Feldküche im Hof der Sekundarschule Spitalacker - CH-BAR - 3241487.tif|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Swiss Army]] infantry kits arrayed in front of a [[field kitchen]] in Spitalacker, [[Bern]] during a workers' strike, {{circa|1918}}]]

Beyond main arms and armour, an infantryman's "military kit" generally includes [[combat boot]]s, [[battledress]] or combat [[Military uniform|uniform]], [[camping gear]], heavy weather gear, [[Survival kit#Military kits|survival gear]], secondary weapons and [[ammunition]], weapon service and repair kits, health and hygiene items, [[Mess kit#Military|mess kit]], [[Field ration|rations]], filled [[Canteen (bottle)|water canteen]], and all other consumables each infantryman needs for the expected duration of time operating away from their unit's base, plus any special mission-specific equipment. One of the most valuable pieces of gear is the [[entrenching tool]]—basically a folding [[spade]]—which can be employed not only to dig important defences, but also in a variety of other daily tasks, and even sometimes as a weapon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Military kit through the ages: from the Battle of Hastings to Helmand|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11011316/Military-kit-through-the-ages-from-the-Battle-of-Hastings-to-Helmand.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804182848/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11011316/Military-kit-through-the-ages-from-the-Battle-of-Hastings-to-Helmand.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2014|website=The Telegraph|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> Infantry typically have shared equipment on top of this, like tents or heavy weapons, where the carrying burden is spread across several infantrymen. In all, this can reach {{convert|25-45|kg|lb|-1|abbr=on}} for each soldier on the march.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Patricia|title=Weight Of War: Soldiers' Heavy Gear Packs On Pain|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/10/134421473/weight-of-war-soldiers-heavy-gear-packs-on-pain|newspaper=NPR|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> Such heavy infantry burdens have changed little over centuries of warfare; in the late Roman Republic, legionaries were nicknamed "[[Marius' mules]]" as their main activity seemed to be carrying the weight of their legion around on their backs, a practice that predates the eponymous [[Gaius Marius]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Michael J |date=2019 |title=Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy |url=https://biblioscout.net/article/10.25162/historia-2019-0004 |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=76–94 |doi=10.25162/historia-2019-0004 |s2cid=165437350 |issn=0018-2311|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[File:2013 09 26 SL Foot Patrol E.jpg (9977498896).jpg|thumb|[[Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces]] infantry "packing light" during a [[patrol]] in 2013]]

When combat is expected, infantry typically switch to "packing light", meaning reducing their equipment to weapons, ammunition, and other basic essentials, and leaving other items deemed unnecessary with their transport or [[baggage train]], at camp or rally point, in temporary hidden caches, or even (in emergencies) simply discarding the items.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Handy | first1=Aaron Jr. |title=That Powerless Feeling |publisher=Trafford Publishing |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-4251-3155-5 |section=Part Two, chapter 3 }}</ref> Additional specialised equipment may be required, depending on the mission or to the particular terrain or environment, including [[satchel charge]]s, [[demolition]] tools, [[Land mine|mines]], or [[barbed wire]], carried by the infantry or attached specialists.

Historically, infantry have suffered high casualty rates from [[disease]], exposure, exhaustion and privation—often in excess of the casualties suffered from enemy attacks.<ref>{{cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |title=Battle cry of freedom : the Civil War era |date=1989 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=0345359429 |page=[https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed00jame/page/485 485] |edition=1st Ballantine books |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed00jame/page/485 }}</ref> Better infantry equipment to support their health, energy, and protect from environmental factors greatly reduces these rates of loss, and increase their level of effective action. Health, energy, and morale are greatly influenced by how the soldier is fed, so militaries issue standardised [[field ration]]s that provide palatable meals and enough calories to keep a soldier well-fed and combat-ready.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=J. |last2=Mullan |first2=B. |last3=Harris |first3=N. |title=Effects of food attributes and feeding environment on acceptance, intake and performance in soldiers |journal=Appetite |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=23–31 |year=2005 |doi=10.1016/j.appet.2004.08.002 |pmid=15604036 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666304001278 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Communications gear has become a necessity, as it allows effective command of infantry units over greater distances, and communication with artillery and other support units. Modern infantry can have [[GPS]], encrypted individual communications equipment, surveillance and night vision equipment, advanced intelligence and other high-tech mission-unique aids.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Armies have sought to improve and standardise infantry gear to reduce fatigue for extended carrying, increase freedom of movement, accessibility, and compatibility with other carried gear, such as the American [[all-purpose lightweight individual carrying equipment]] (ALICE).{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

=== Weapons ===
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2017}}

[[File:Рисунки к статье «Древне-русское вооружение». Вклейка № 1. Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg|thumb|Russian weapons from the 13th to 17th centuries]]

Infantrymen are defined by their primary arms – the [[personal weapons]] and [[body armour]] for their own individual use. The available technology, resources, history, and society can produce quite different weapons for each military and era, but common infantry weapons can be distinguished in a few basic categories.<ref name="Germany at War">{{cite book |last1=Zabecki |first1=David T. |title=Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=28 October 2014 |isbn=978-1598849806 |page=640 }}</ref><ref name="List of weapons">{{cite web |last1=Blumberg |first1=Naomi |title=List of weapons |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-weapons-2058724 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |publisher=The Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref>

* Ranged combat weapons: [[javelin]]s, [[Sling (weapon)|slings]], [[blowgun]]s, [[Bow and arrow|bows]], [[crossbow]]s, [[Hand cannon|hand cannons]], [[arquebuses]], [[muskets]], [[grenades]], [[flamethrower]]s.<ref name="List of weapons" />
* Melee combat weapons: bludgeoning weapons like [[Club (weapon)|clubs]], [[flail (weapon)|flails]] and [[mace (bludgeon)|maces]]; [[bladed weapons]] like [[Sword|swords]], [[dagger]]s, and [[axe]]s; [[polearm]]s like [[Spear|spears]], [[Halberd|halberds]], [[naginata]], and pikes.<ref name="List of weapons" />
* Both ranged and close weapons: the [[bayonet]] fixed to a firearm allows infantrymen to use the same weapon for both ranged combat and close combat. This started with [[musket]]s and its use still continues with modern [[assault rifle]]s.<ref name="List of weapons" /> Use of the bayonet has declined with the introduction of [[automatic firearm]]s, but are still generally kept as a weapon of last resort.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kontis |first1=George |title=Are We Forever Stuck with the Bayonet? |url=http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=531 |website=Small Arms Defense Journal |access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref>

Infantrymen often carry secondary or back-up weapons, sometimes called a [[Sidearm (weapon)|sidearm]] or ancillary weapons. Infantry with ranged or polearms often carried a sword or dagger for possible hand-to-hand combat.<ref name="Germany at War" /> The ''[[pilum]]'' was a javelin the Roman legionaries threw just before drawing their primary weapon, the ''[[gladius]]'' (short sword), and closing with the enemy line.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zhmodikov |first1=Alexander |title=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |chapter=Roman Republican Heavy Infantrymen in Battle (IV-II Centuries B.C.) |volume= 49 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2000 |issue=1 |isbn=978-1598849806 |page=640 }}</ref>

Modern infantrymen now treat the bayonet as a backup weapon, but may also have [[handgun]]s as [[Sidearm (weapon)|sidearms]]. They may also deploy anti-personnel mines, booby traps, incendiary, or explosive devices defensively before combat.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

=== Protection ===
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2017}}

[[Image:Roman turtle formation on trajan column.jpg|thumb|The [[Roman legion|Roman]] ''[[testudo formation|testudo]]'' performed during a [[siege]], as shown on [[Trajan's Column]]]]

Infantry have employed many different methods of protection from enemy attacks, including various kinds of armour and other gear, and tactical procedures.

The most basic is [[personal armour]]. This includes [[shield]]s, [[military helmet|helmets]] and many types of armour – [[Gambeson|padded linen]], leather, [[Lamellar armour|lamellar]], [[mail (armor)|mail]], [[plate armor|plate]], and [[kevlar]]. Initially, armour was used to defend both from ranged and close combat; even a fairly light shield could help defend against most slings and javelins, though high-strength bows and crossbows might penetrate common armour at very close range. Infantry armour had to compromise between protection and coverage, as a full suit of attack-proof armour would be too heavy to wear in combat.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
[[File:960411-A-1972C-002 - LTC Bill Kazdobe and SFC Ira Cherrie.jpg|thumb|Two U.S. Army soldiers presenting the [[Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops]] body armor, then regularly issued to American infantry, in 1996]]
As firearms improved, armour for ranged defence had to be made thicker and heavier, which hindered mobility. With the introduction of the heavy arquebus designed to pierce standard steel armour, it was proven easier to make heavier firearms than heavier armour; armour transitioned to be only for close combat purposes. Pikemen armour tended to be just steel helmets and breastplates, and gunners had very little or no armour at all. By the time of the musket, the dominance of firepower shifted militaries away from any close combat, and use of armour decreased, until infantry typically went without wearing any armour.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Helmets were added back during World War I as artillery began to dominate the battlefield, to protect against their [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation]] and other blast effects beyond a direct hit. Modern developments in bullet-proof composite materials like kevlar have started a return to body armour for infantry, though the extra weight is a notable burden.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

In modern times, infantrymen must also often carry protective measures against [[chemical warfare|chemical]] and [[biological warfare|biological]] attack, including [[military gas mask]]s, counter-agents, and protective suits. All of these protective measures add to the weight an infantryman must carry, and may decrease combat efficiency.

=== Infantry-served weapons ===
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2017}}

Early crew-served weapons were [[siege weapon]]s, like the [[ballista]], [[trebuchet]], and [[battering ram]]. Modern versions include [[machine guns]], [[anti-tank missiles]], and infantry [[mortar (weapon)|mortars]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Formations ==
{{Main|Tactical formation}}
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2017}}

[[File:Stele of Vultures detail 01a.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Ancient depiction of infantry formations, from the [[Stele of the Vultures]], [[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)]], {{circa|2500 BC}}]]

Beginning with the development of the first regular military forces, close-combat regular infantry fought less as unorganised groups of individuals and more in coordinated units, maintaining a defined [[tactical formation]] during combat, for increased battlefield effectiveness; such infantry formations and the arms they used developed together, starting with the spear and the shield.<ref>John Keegan, A History of Warfare (1993)</ref>

A spear has decent attack abilities with the additional advantage keeping opponents at distance; this advantage can be increased by using longer spears, but this could allow the opponent to side-step the point of the spear and close for [[hand-to-hand combat]] where the longer spear is near useless. This can be avoided when each spearman stays side by side with the others in close formation, each covering the ones next to him, presenting a solid wall of spears to the enemy that they cannot get around.<ref>Hanson, Victor Davis. The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece. 2nd ed., University of California Press, 2009, pages 69-73</ref>

Similarly, a shield has decent defence abilities, but is literally hit-or-miss; an attack from an unexpected angle can bypass it completely. Larger shields can cover more, but are also heavier and less manoeuvrable, making unexpected attacks even more of a problem. This can be avoided by having shield-armed soldiers stand close together, side-by-side, each protecting both themselves and their immediate comrades, presenting a solid [[shield wall]] to the enemy.

[[File:Charge of the French Cuirassiers at Waterloo.jpg|thumb|The charge of the French [[Cuirassier]]s at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] against a British [[infantry square]]]]

The opponents for these first formations, the close-combat infantry of more [[Tribal society|tribal societies]], or any military without regular infantry (so called "[[barbarian]]s") used arms that focused on the individual – weapons using personal strength and force, such as larger swinging swords, axes, and clubs. These take more room and individual freedom to swing and wield, necessitating a more loose organisation. While this may allow for a fierce running attack (an initial shock advantage) the tighter formation of the heavy spear and shield infantry gave them a local manpower advantage where several might be able to fight each opponent.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Thus tight formations heightened advantages of heavy arms, and gave greater local numbers in melee. To also increase their staying power, multiple rows of heavy infantrymen were added. This also increased their shock combat effect; individual opponents saw themselves literally lined-up against several heavy infantryman each, with seemingly no chance of defeating all of them. ''Heavy infantry'' developed into huge solid block formations, up to a hundred meters wide and a dozen rows deep.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Maintaining the advantages of heavy infantry meant maintaining formation; this became even more important when two forces with heavy infantry met in battle; the solidity of the formation became the deciding factor. Intense discipline and training became paramount. Empires formed around their military.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Organization ==
{{Main|Military organization}}
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2017}}

[[File:2014.8.26 GOP 통신병 Republic of Korea Army 6th Infantry Division (14925350059).jpg|thumb|[[Republic of Korea Army]] infantry of the [[6th Infantry Division (South Korea)|6th Infantry Division]], [[Reconnaissance|Reconnaissance Battalion]] during an exercise in 2014]]

The organization of military forces into regular military units is first noted in Egyptian records of the [[Battle of Kadesh]] ({{circa|1274 BC}}). Soldiers were grouped into units of 50, which were in turn grouped into larger units of 250, then 1,000, and finally into units of up to 5,000 – the largest independent command. Several of these Egyptian "divisions" made up an army, but operated independently, both on the march and tactically, demonstrating sufficient military [[command and control]] organisation for basic battlefield manoeuvres. Similar hierarchical organizations have been noted in other ancient armies, typically with approximately 10 to 100 to 1,000 ratios (even where [[base 10]] was not common), similar to modern [[Section (military unit)|sections (squads)]], [[Company (military unit)|companies]], and [[regiment]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author-link1=Miguel A. Centeno |last1=Centeno |first1=Miguel A. |last2=Enriquez |first2=Elaine |title=War and Society |date=31 March 2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-313-22348-8 |pages=81–84 |chapter=Origins of Battle}}</ref>

== Training ==
{{Unreferenced section |date=October 2017}}

[[File:Calgary Highlanders Exercise Black Bear 2004.jpg|thumb|right|[[Canadian Army]] [[Primary Reserve]] infantry during [[urban warfare]] training in 2004]]

The training of the infantry has differed drastically over time and from place to place. The cost of maintaining an army in fighting order and the seasonal nature of warfare precluded large permanent armies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training of Infantry in history |url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=Training+of+Infantry+in+history&cvid=cb1de104f8b04e649129bbec13bbb0e4&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQABhAMgYICBAAGEDSAQkxODU1NmowajmoAgSwAgE&FORM=ANAB01&PC=NMTS |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref>

The antiquity saw everything from the well-trained and motivated citizen armies of Greece and Rome, the tribal host assembled from farmers and hunters with only passing acquaintance with warfare and masses of lightly armed and ill-trained militia put up as a last ditch effort. [[Kingdom of Kush|Kushite]] king [[Taharqa]] enjoyed military success in the [[Near East]] as a result of his efforts to strengthen the army through daily training in long-distance running.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Török|first=László|date= 1998|title=The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization |place=Leiden |publisher= Brill|pages=132–133, 153–184|language=en|isbn=90-04-10448-8}}</ref>

In medieval times the foot soldiers varied from peasant levies to semi-permanent companies of mercenaries, foremost among them the Swiss, English, [[Aragon]]ese and German, to men-at-arms who went into battle as well-armoured as knights, the latter of which at times also fought on foot.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The creation of [[standing army|standing armies]]—permanently assembled for war or defence—saw increase in training and experience. {{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The introduction of national and mass armies saw an establishment of minimum requirements and the introduction of special troops (first of them the engineers going back to medieval times, but also different kinds of infantry adopted to specific terrain, bicycle, motorcycle, motorised and mechanised troops) culminating with the introduction of highly trained special forces during the first and second World War.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== See also ==


{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Air Assault Troops|Air assault troops]] / [[Airborne forces]]
* [[Ashigaru]]
* [[Combined arms]]
* [[Foot guards]]
* [[Fusilier]]s
* [[Glider infantry]] / [[Paratrooper]]
* [[Grenadier]]s
* [[Indonesian Army infantry battalions]]
* [[Infantry Branch (United States)]]
* [[Infantry of the British Army]]
* [[Infantry tactics]]
* [[Line infantry]]
* [[Marines]]
* [[United States Army Rangers]]
* [[Riflemen]]
* [[Royal Canadian Infantry Corps]]
* [[School of Infantry]]
* [[Special forces]] / [[Commando]]
* [[Pathfinder (military)]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* English, John A., Gudmundsson, Bruce I., ''On Infantry'', (Revised edition), The Military Profession series, Praeger Publishers, London, 1994. {{ISBN|0-275-94972-9}}.
* ''The Times'', Earl Wavell, Thursday, 19 April 1945 [http://regimentalrogue.com/misc/in_praise_of_infantry.htm In Praise of Infantry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316124637/http://regimentalrogue.com/misc/in_praise_of_infantry.htm |date=16 March 2021 }}.
* Tobin, James, ''Ernie Pyle's War: America's Eyewitness to World War II'', Free Press, 1997.
* Mauldin, Bill, Ambrose, Stephen E., ''Up Front'', W. W. Norton, 2000.
* Trogdon, Robert W., ''Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Reference'', Da Capo Press, 2002.
* ''The New York Times'', Maj Gen C T Shortis, British Director of Infantry, 4 February 1985.
* Heinl, Robert Debs, ''Dictionary of Military and Naval Quotations'', Plautus in ''The Braggart Captain'' (3rd century AD), Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1978.
* Nafziger, George, ''Napoleon's Invasion of Russia'', Presidio Press, 1998.
* McManus, John C. ''Grunts: inside the American infantry combat experience, World War II through Iraq'' New York, NY: NAL Caliber. 2010 {{ISBN|978-0-451-22790-4}} plus [https://web.archive.org/web/20130510234341/http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/John-C-McManus.aspx Webcast Author Lecture] at the [[Pritzker Military Library]] on 29 September 2010.
{{refend}}
*{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/OspreyCampaign148OperationBarbarossa19412ospreyCa/Osprey%20-%20Elite%20160%20-%20world%20war%20ii%20infantry%20assault%20tactics/mode/2up|title=World War II Infantry Assault Tactics|first=Gordon|last=Rottman|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84603-191-5|publisher=Osprey Publishing}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}

* Historic films and photos showing Infantries in World War I at [http://www.europeanfilmgateway.eu/node/33/infantry%20efg1914%20OR%20efg1914%20infantries/multilingual%3A1 europeanfilmgateway.eu]
* [http://regimentalrogue.com/misc/in_praise_of_infantry.htm In Praise of Infantry], by Field-Marshal Earl Wavell; First published in "The Times", Thursday, 19 April 1945.
* [http://www.nato.int/kfor/chronicle/2003/chronicle_02/12.htm The Lagunari "Serenissima" Regiment] KFOR: KFOR Chronicle.
* [http://www.infantrydrills.com/ Web Version of U.S. Army Field Manual 3–21.8] – The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad.
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Infantry |volume=14 |pages=517–533 |short=1}} — includes several drawings

{{Military and war}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Infantry| ]]
[[Category:Combat occupations]]

Yashoda Palayad

2026-03-08T00:52:53Z

MatildaAldrich: starting a info first draft!

{{short description|Indian playback singer and actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = February 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Yashoda Palayad
| image = Palayad yahoda.jpg
| native_name = യശോദ പാലയാട്
| native_name_lang = mal
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = 1946
| birth_place = [[Palayad]], Kannur, India
| origin =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|08|26|1946}}
| death_place =
| genre =
| occupation = Singer, actress
| instrument =
| years_active = 
| label =
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}

'''Yashoda Palayad''' (Malayalam:യശോദ പാലയാട്) was an Indian playback singer and Actor from [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] industry in the 1960s and 70s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/140816/living-her-mothers-dream.html|title=Living her mother's dream|last=sreekumar|first=priya|date=2016-08-14|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

== Personal life and career ==
Yashoda was born to late P. V. Krishnan Vaidyar and late Ammu Amma in 1946. She started her singing career through dramas at the age of ten with the song ''{{lang|ml-Latn|Chokachokachoka chukannoru chengodi}}'' and had also rendered [[Mappila songs|mappilappattu]]. She was an active actress and singer in [[Unnayi Warrier Smaraka Kalanilayam|Kalanilayam]] and [[Kerala People's Arts Club|K.P.A.C.]] dramas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/features/2019/03/19/palayad-yashoda-famous-singer-in-malayalam.html|title=വിധി വിലക്കിയ പാട്ടിന്റെ 'വഴിവിളക്ക്', മരണം വരെ ആ ദുഃഖം|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

She debuted singing with the film ''{{lang|ml-Latn|Palunkupathram}}'' in 1962, composed by [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]. Later she sung for various Malayalam movies like [[College Girl (1974 film)|College Girl]], [[Mister Sundari]], ''Gandharvam'' to name a few. She has sung with [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Jayachandran]], [[K. P. Brahmanandan|K. P. Brahmandan]] and many others. She also acted in the movie [[Thankakudam|Thankakkudam]] in 1965 along with [[Prem Nazir]] and [[Sheela]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://britishmalayali.co.uk/index.php?page=newsDetail&id=38387|title=Palayad Yashoda – famous singer|website=British Malayali|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

She has received [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] Guru Pooja Award, Mappila Kala Academy Award and Abu Dhabi Indian Social Centre Award for her contributions to the music and drama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marunadanmalayali.com/more/homage/palayad-yashoda-famous-singer-1895|title=ആറു പതിറ്റാണ്ട് സംഗീത ലോകത്തെ വിസ്മയിപ്പിച്ച ഗായിക; പാലയാട് യശോദ നാടക ഗാനങ്ങളുടെ ആത്മ...|website=www.marunadanmalayali.com|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

Yashoda was married to Illikkal Raghavan and has two daughters and a son. Playback singer [[Sreya Raghav]] is her younger daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fwdlife.in/sreya-raghav-talks-about-her-life-lived-in-melodies|title=Sreya Raghav talks about her life lived in melodies|last=FWDmedia|date=2017-03-04|website=FWD Life {{!}} The Premium Lifestyle Magazine {{!}}|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> She died on 26 August 2014, at the age of 68.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/playback-singer-palayad-yashoda-passes-away|title=Playback singer Palayad Yashoda passes away - Kerala9.com|last=|first=|date=2014-08-26|website=kerala9|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229111932/http://www.kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/playback-singer-palayad-yashoda-passes-away|archive-date=29 February 2020|access-date=2020-02-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]]
* [[Kerala People's Arts Club|KPAC]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-03-07T16:54:41Z

MatildaAldrich: updated details

{{Short description|Protected area in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| iucn_ref = <ref name="Protected Planet">{{cite web | title=Debrigarh | website=Protected Planet | url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/1866 | access-date=2020-07-21}}</ref>
| image = Debrigarh Wildlife sanctuary (38509512300).jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map = India Odisha#India
| image_map = -->
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Odisha
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| label =
| label_position =
| mark =
| marker_size =
| location =
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coord|21.557097|83.646108|display=title,inline}}
| coords_ref = <ref name="Welcome 2017"/>
| area_km2 = 346.91
| designation =
| authorized =
| created =
| designated =
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_ref =
| governing_body =
| administrator =
| operator =
| owner =
| world_heritage_site =
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| url =
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}}
The '''Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary''' is located in the [[Bargarh district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]], covering a total area of 346.91 km2. It is situated near the city of [[Sambalpur|Sambalpur's]] [[Hirakud Dam]]. The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is an important location for the conservation of various local [[wildlife]] and their [[habitat]].<ref name="Welcome 2017">{{cite web | title=Debrigarh PA :: Odisha Wildlife Organisation | website=Welcome | date=2017-10-18 | url=https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/PA_Debrigarh.aspx | access-date=2020-07-21 | archive-date=1 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401062929/https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/PA_Debrigarh.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
The sanctuary is bound on the east and north by the huge Hirakud reservoir. It is one of the select few sanctuaries in the state supporting both terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity; which further attracts a significant number of migratory [[waterfowl]] during winter; and is also home to over 250 plant species, many of which have [[Ethnobotany|ethno-botanical]] and [[Medicinal plants|medicinal]] value.

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a [[Eco-Sensitive Zone]] from both an [[Ecology|ecological]] and [[Biophysical environment|environmental]] point of view and to prohibit industries or class of industries and their operations and processes in the said Eco-Sensitive Zone.

==Wildlife==
The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of [[Flora of India|flora]] and [[Fauna of India|fauna]]. Over 40 species of [[Mammal|mammals]], 200 species of [[Bird|birds]], 40 species of [[Reptile|reptiles]], 12 species of [[Amphibian|amphibians]], 42 species of [[Fish|fishes]], 39 species of [[Odonata|odonates]], 85 species of [[Butterfly|butterflies]] and 38 species of [[Spider|spiders]] have been found living in the sanctuary.

Debrigarh is habitat of variety of wild animals including [[cheetal]], [[sambar deer]], [[wild boar]], [[Gaur]], [[chowsingha]], [[peacock]], [[langur]], [[bear]], [[leopard]] and [[Indian wild dog]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/tourists-spot-wild-dog-in-debrigarh-wildlife-sanctuary/articleshow/112452493.cms|title=In A First, Tourists Spot Wild Dog In Debrigarh|publisher=Times of India|date=12 August 2024|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/rise-of-a-wildlife-wonderland-foresters-key-to-odishas-debrigarh-sanctuary-boom/cid/2011722|title=Rise of a wildlife wonderland: Foresters key to Debrigarh Sanctuary boom|publisher=Telegraph India|date=7 April 2024|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Oct/04/rising-spots-odisha-home-to-696-leopards|title=
Rising spots: Odisha home to 696 leopards|publisher=[[New Indian Express]]|date=4 October 2024|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812055520/http://www.odishafdc.com/Debrigarh.php Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary]
* [https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/PA_Debrigarh.aspx Odisha Wildlife Organisation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401062929/https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/PA_Debrigarh.aspx |date=1 April 2020 }}
*[http://odishatourism.gov.in/portal/SpecialInterest/WildlifeSanctuaries/Debrigarh.aspx odishatourism.gov.in]
{{Protected areas of Odisha}}

[[Category:Northern dry deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-protected-area-stub}}
{{Sambalpur-geo-stub}}

Prashant Pillai (computer scientist)

2026-03-06T05:32:27Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding Initial Entry Needs Work!

{{Short description|Leading researcher in cyber security}}
{{About|the computer scientist|Indian producer and composer|Prashant Pillai}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prashant Pillai
| honorific_suffix = FBCS, FHEA, MIET, SMIEEE
| image = Prashant Pillai.jpg
| alt = A photograph for Professor Prashant Pillai
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1979|7}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi, India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]], [[University of Bradford]]
| occupation = Computer scientist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Prashant Pillai''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}} (born July 1979) is an Indian-born British computer scientist. He is the Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research and Knowledge Exchange <ref>{{Cite web |title=University appoints award-winning academic to key research role |url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/2023/june-2023/university-appoints-award-winning-academic-to-key-research-role-.php |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=www.wlv.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> at the University of Wolverhampton, UK. He was previously the Associate Dean for Research and Knowledge Exchange and Professor of Cyber Security at the [[University of Wolverhampton]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty Executive - University of Wolverhampton|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-science-and-engineering/faculty-executive/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=www.wlv.ac.uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=University staff page |url=https://researchers.wlv.ac.uk/P.Pillai2 |access-date=2022-06-26 |website=researchers.wlv.ac.uk}}</ref> He is also the Director of Cyber Quarter - Midlands Centre for Cyber Security.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyber Quarter|url=https://www.cyberquarter.co.uk/|access-date=2022-01-14|language=en-US}}</ref> He specialises in [[Computer security|security]] and [[Privacy and blockchain|privacy]] for communication networks. Pillai has led several national/international research projects in the areas of networking protocols and cyber security.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Corser|first=John|title=University secures funding to address stress in cyber security|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/business-picks/2020/06/23/university-secures-funding-to-address-stress-in-cyber-security/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=October 2020 - University secures additional funding to address cyber stress - University of Wolverhampton|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/2020/october-2020/university-secures-additional-funding-to-address-cyber-stress-.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=www.wlv.ac.uk|language=en}}</ref> He has been invited for talks at various international conferences and has published over 100 papers within peer-reviewed journals and conferences.<ref name=":0" />

He is a Fellow of [[BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT|British Computer Society]] (FBCS), Fellow of the [[Higher Education Academy]] (FHEA), Senior Member of the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (SMIEEE) and Member of the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] (MIET).<ref name=":0" />

== Early life and education ==
Pillai was born in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] and attended [[St. Columba's School, Delhi|St. Columba's School]] in Delhi.<ref name=":0" /> He earned a BSc (Hons) in Electronics from the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]] and an MSc in Informatics also from the [[University of Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> He received his Ph.D. from [[University of Bradford]], UK for his thesis titled ''Authentication, Authorization and Accounting framework for multicast communication in highly mobile wireless networks.''<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Pillai started his academic career at [[University of Bradford]], UK where he moved from Lecturer to Senior Lecturer and held administrative positions like Director of Postgraduate Research and Deputy Head of Electrical Engineering. He led the two-year project named ''SITARA: Smart Grid to harness Satellite based Virtual Power Plants for energy sustainability''<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Bradford awarded Global Innovation Initiative grant|url=https://www.bradford.ac.uk/news/archive/2015/university-of-bradford-awarded-global-innovation-initiative-grant.php|access-date=2022-01-17|website=University of Bradford|date=3 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref>'','' which was funded by the [[British Council]] under the Global Innovation Initiative scheme.

He then moved to [[Oxford Brookes University]] in 2017, as a Reader in Cyber Security and Head of the Cyber Security Research Group at the Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment.<ref name=":0" />

Pillai joined the University of Wolverhampton, UK as Professor of Cyber Security and Director of the Wolverhampton Cyber Research Institute<ref>{{Cite web|title=WCRI - Wolverhampton Cyber Research Institute - University of Wolverhampton|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/research/institutes-and-centres/wcri/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.wlv.ac.uk}}</ref> in 2018. He was interim Head of School for the School of Mathematics and Computer Science before taking on his current role as Associate Dean of Research and Knowledge Exchange at the same University.<ref name=":0" /> He is also the Centre Director for £9m Cyber Quarter - the Midlands Centre for Cyber Security.<ref name=":1" /> It is a joint venture<ref>{{Cite web|title=July 2019 - Ambitious vision of cyber innovation, research & development unveiled at 3CDSE - University of Wolverhampton|url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/2019/july-2019/ambitious-vision-of-cyber-innovation-research--development-unveiled-at-3cdse.php|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.wlv.ac.uk|language=en}}</ref> between the University of Wolverhampton and Herefordshire Council and part-funded by the Government’s Local Growth Fund, via the Marches Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).<ref name=":0" /> The Cyber Quarter was opened in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-07|title=Multimillion-pound cyber security centre launches {{!}} TheBusinessDesk.com|url=https://www.thebusinessdesk.com/westmidlands/news/2058021-multimillion-pound-cyber-security-centre-launches|access-date=2022-01-17|website=West Midlands|language=en}}</ref>

He has been a Co-founder and Director of several start-ups like Cydon, OnlynShield and CyberMind.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cydon – Share Data Confidently |url=https://www.cydon.co.uk/ |access-date=2022-06-26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Onlyn Shield – Be Safe Online |url=https://www.onlynshield.co.uk/site/ |access-date=2022-06-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CyberMind – Think Cyber, Think Stress Free|url=https://cybermindtech.com/|access-date=2022-01-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

He has published over 100 papers in leading international journals and conferences and has a patent on [[Distributed ledger|Distributed Ledger Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prashant Pillai |url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=q5bO8lEAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=scholar.google.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=2576160|title=Distributed ledger system|country=GB|pubdate=2020-02-12|assign1=[[University of Wolverhampton]]|inventor1-last=Gregory|inventor1-first=Epiphaniou|inventor2-last=Prashant|inventor2-first=Pillai|inventor3-last=Amar|inventor3-first=Aggoun}}</ref>

==Honours, recognition and awards==
Pillai is the current Chair of the Cybersecurity Working Group of the Innovation Alliance for the West Midlands.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyber Community – Innovation Alliance for the West Midlands|url=https://innovationwm.co.uk/cyber-community/|access-date=2022-02-23|language=en-GB}}</ref>

He was also appointed as the Group Chair of the IEEE UK and Ireland Blockchain group in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=webmaster|first=Ieee|title=Blockchain Group|url=https://www.ieee-ukandireland.org/future-directions/blockchain/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=IEEE - UK and Ireland Section|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Professor Prashant Pillai Appointed Group Chair of the IEEE UK and Ireland Blockchain Group – Cyber Quarter |date=30 March 2022 |url=https://www.cyberquarter.co.uk/professor-prashant-pillai-appointed-group-chair-of-the-ieee-uk-and-ireland-blockchain-group/ |access-date=2022-06-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

He was Co-chair of the Satellite Working Group of the IEEE International Network Generations Roadmap (INGR) from 2018-2021.<ref name=":0" /> and is an Advisory Board Member of the West Midlands Cyber Resilience Centre.<ref>{{Cite web|last=sianmason0|date=2020-09-29|title=WMCRC Advisory Group continues to grow|url=https://www.wmcrc.co.uk/post/wmcrc-advisory-group-continues-to-grow|access-date=2022-01-17|website=WMCRC|language=en}}</ref>

Pillai was selected as one of ‘75 at 75’ Achievers in the India UK Achievers Honours 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academic receives highest India UK honour for cyber achievements |url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/2023/january-2023/academic-receives-highest-india-uk-honour-for-cyber-achievements.php |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=www.wlv.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>

Pillai was appointed [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) in the [[2023 New Year Honours]] for services to cyber security and education.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63918|supp=y|page=N23|date=31 December 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Prashant}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Computer Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Higher Education Academy]]
[[Category:Senior members of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Bradford]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Wolverhampton]]
[[Category:Academics of Oxford Brookes University]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Bradford]]

Bappi Lahiri

2026-03-03T19:39:38Z

MatildaAldrich: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Indian singer and composer (1952–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bappi Lahiri
| image = Bappi Lahiri graces musical concert ‘Rehmatein-3’.jpg
| caption = Lahiri in 2019
| birth_name = Alokesh Aparesh Lahiri
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<ref name = "Birth Place" />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|02|15|1952|11|27|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| education = Chetla Boys' High School
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|composer|[[record producer]]}}
| years_active = 1972–2022
| website = {{URL|bappilahiri.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|[[tabla]]|piano|drums|guitar|saxophone|[[bongos]]|[[Dholak]]}}
| label = {{hlist|BL Sound|[[Saregama]]|[[Venus Records & Tapes]]|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|[[Tips Industries]]|[[Universal Music Group]]|Abbey Road Studios|Planet LA Records|[[Sony Music India]]}}
}}
}}
'''Bappi Aparesh Lahiri'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bappi Aparesh Lahiri(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SREERAMPUR(WEST BENGAL) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=6057|access-date=2022-02-17|website=myneta.info}}</ref> (born '''Alokesh Aparesh Lahiri'''; 27 November 1952 – 15 February 2022), also known as '''Bappi Da''', was an Indian singer, composer and [[record producer]]. He popularised the use of [[Synthesizer|synthesised]] [[disco]] music in Indian music industry and sang some of his own compositions. He was popular in the 1980s and 1990s with [[filmi]] soundtracks. He delivered major box office successes primarily in [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] films. His music was well received into the 21st century.

In 1986, he was recognised by [[Guinness World Records]] for recording more than 180 songs in one year.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|last=Mittal|first=Nishant|date=2022-02-20|title=Bappi Lahiri: 'disco king of Bollywood' gave Indian film a youthful injection|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/feb/19/bappi-lahiri-disco-king-of-bollywood-gave-indian-film-a-youthful-injection|access-date=2022-02-22|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Alokesh Aparesh Lahiri was born on 27 November 1952 in [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-02-16 |title=Bappi Lahiri's association with North Bengal |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/bappi-lahiris-association-with-north-bengal/na20220216141805452 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Birth Place">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/i-am-bappi-lahiri/articleshow/2808729.cms|title = I AM: Bappi Lahiri|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=7 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/goldfinger/cid/616105|title=Goldfinger|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> His parents, Aparesh and Bansuri Lahiri, both were Bengali singers and musicians in classical music and Shyama Sangeet. He belonged to the Bengali Hindu Lahiri-Mohan family of [[Ullahpara Upazila|Mohanpur]], [[Sirajganj District|Sirajganj]] (in present-day [[Bangladesh]]). The family migrated to West Bengal after the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title= বাপ্পী লাহিড়ীর মৃত্যুতে কাঁদছে বাংলাদেশে তার পূর্ব পুরুষের গ্রামের মানুষ|work=[[Channel 24 (Bangladeshi TV channel)|Channel 24]]|lang=bn|date=18 February 2022|access-date=21 December 2024|url= https://www.channel24bd.tv/entertainment/article/92353/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93-%C2%A0}}</ref> His parents met while performing for [[All India Radio]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Traub|first=Alex|date=2022-02-25|title=Bappi Lahiri, India's 'Disco King,' Dies at 69|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/world/asia/bappi-lahiri-dead.html|access-date=2022-02-26|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He was their only child. His relatives include singer [[Kishore Kumar]], his maternal uncle.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saxena|first1=Manjari|title=Bappi Lahiri: the golden era of music has ended|url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/bappi-lahiri-the-golden-era-of-music-has-ended-1.1360680|access-date=30 July 2015|work=Gulf News|date=17 July 2014}}</ref>

Bappi Lahiri began to play tabla at the age of 3. Initially, he was trained by his parents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bappi-lahiri-aka-alokesh-lahiri-began-his-musical-career-at-3-story-of-the-child-prodigy-1913629-2022-02-16|title=Bappi Lahiri aka Alokesh Lahiri began his musical career at 3: Story of the child prodigy|publisher=India Today|date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Bappi showed talent as a child playing the [[tabla]] and studied with [[Samta Prasad]] on the advice of [[Lata Mangeshkar]].<ref name=":6" />

Since childhood, he idolised American musician [[Elvis Presley]], and was inspired by him to wear multiple [[gold]] chains and gold jewellery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bappi-lahiris-unpublished-interview-rd-burman-wondered-kahan-se-aa-gaya-ye-toofan-etimes-exclusive/articleshow/89622175.cms|title=Bappi Lahiri's UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEW|publisher=Times of India|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> He thought of creating his own signature appearance when he becomes successful. Upon becoming successful later, he created his signature "golden jewellery" look inspired by that of Presley. He considered gold to be "lucky" for him.

==Career==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2022}}
[[File:B.SUBHASH, BAPPI LAHIRI & PARVATI KHAN.jpg|thumb|Lahiri (right), with [[Babbar Subhash]] and Parvati Khan during the record of "Jimmy Jimmy" for ''[[Disco Dancer]]'' (1981).]]
Lahiri came to Mumbai when he was 19. He received his first opportunity in a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]], ''Daadu'' (1974), where [[Lata Mangeshkar]] sang his composition. The first Hindi film for which he composed music was ''[[Nanha Shikari]]'' (1973) and his first Hindi composition was Tu Hi Mera Chanda sung by Mukesh. The turning point of his career was Tahir Husain's Hindi film, [[Zakhmee]] (1975), for which he composed music and doubled as a playback singer. He composed a duet with Kishore Kumar and Mohammed Rafi named "Nothing Is Impossible", for the same film. His compositions Jalta Hai Jiya Mera (Kishore Asha duet) and Lata Mangeshkar solos like Abhi Abhi Thi Dushmani and Aao Tumhe Chand from the same film became popular and gave him recognition. The duet "Phir Janam Lenge Hum" sung by Kishore Lata became famous from the film ''[[Phir Janam Lenge Hum]]''/''[[Janam Janam Na Saathi]]''. All songs from the film [[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|Chalte Chalte]] (1976), became hits, thus bringing him recognition as a music director at the national level. He sang duet with Sulakshana Pandit named Jana Kahan Hai which gave him recognition as singer. Songs from the films like [[Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film)|Aap Ki Khatir]], [[Dil Se Mile Dil]], [[Patita (1980 film)|Patita]], [[Lahu Ke Do Rang (1979 film)|Lahu Ke Do Rang]], [[Hatya]] and Ravikant Nagaichs ''Surakksha'' 1979 had soft music.

He also composed music for some ghazals, namely "Kisi Nazar Ko Tera Intezaar Aaj Bhi Hai" and "Aawaz Di Hai" for the 1985 film ''Aitbaar''. He also composed melodious songs sung by [[Kishore Kumar]] either as duets with [[Lata Mangeshkar]] or [[Asha Bhosle]] in the films starring [[Rajesh Khanna]] in the 80's in hit films like [[Naya Kadam]], [[Masterji]], [[Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar]], [[Bewafai]], [[Maqsad]], [[Suraag]], [[Insaaf Main Karoonga]] and [[Adhikar (1986 film)|Adhikar]]. After success of the film Himmatwala, Bappi regularly composed duets sung by Kishore Kumar for films starring [[Jeetendra]] like in Justice Chowdhry, Jaani Dost, Mawali, Haisiyat, Tohfa, Balidaan, Qaidi, Hoshiyaar, Sinhasan, Suhaagan, Majaal, Tamasha, Sone Pe Suhaga and Dharm Adhikari.Bappi Lahiri made a record by composing for 12 super-hit silver jubilee movies starring Jetendra as the lead hero in the period 1983–1985.

He entered the Guinness Book of World Records for recording over 180 songs for 33 films in 1986.<ref name=":5" />

[[File:Bappi Lahiri at the recording.jpg|thumb|left|Lahiri at the recording of a song in 2005]]
Apart from his popular disco-electronic music, Bappi Lahiri was also known for his signature look of his sartorial style that consisted gold chains, golden embellishments, velvety cardigans and sunglasses.<ref>{{cite web|title='A lot of people dress up like him; many sport gold chains and sunglasses', says Bappi Lahiri's son Bappa Lahiri|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/a-lot-of-people-dress-up-like-him-many-sport-gold-chains-and-sunglasses-says-bappi-lahiris-son-bappa-lahiri|access-date=16 February 2022|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 March 2020|title=We Finally Know Why Bappi Da Wears So Many Gold Chains & No, Money Is Not The Answer|url=https://www.mensxp.com/fashion/celebrity-style/73710-the-reason-why-bappi-da-wears-so-many-gold-chains.html|access-date=16 February 2022|website=www.mensxp.com|language=en-IN}}</ref>

Portions of Lahiri's song "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" were included in the 2002 song "Addictive" by American R&B singer [[Truth Hurts (singer)|Truth Hurts]]. Copyright holders [[Saregama India]], Ltd. sued [[Interscope Records]] and its parent company, [[Universal Music Group]] for more than $500 million. A Los Angeles federal judge subsequently barred further sales of the CD unless and until Lahiri was listed on the song's credits.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/05bappi.htm|title=Bappi Lahiri wins suit against Addictive, Dr Dre|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=6 February 2003}}</ref>

In 2012, his album ''World Peace, Love & Harmony'' was among the top five albums being considered for a [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] nomination but lost. But, he was selected to be a jury member in the [[Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-01-31 |title=Bappi Lahiri in Grammy jury |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/bappi-lahiri-in-grammy-jury-359237.html |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Bappi Lahiri 2016.jpg|thumb|Lahiri performing in 2016|upright]]

In late 2016, Lahiri voiced the character of Tamatoa in the [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-dubbed version of Disney's animated fantasy adventure film ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''; he also composed and sang "Shona" (Gold), the Hindi version of "Shiny".<ref>{{cite web|title = Moana {{!}} Bappi Lahiri as Tamatoa {{!}} In Cinemas 2 December| date=30 November 2016 |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fwu_-VY4c7Q|via = YouTube|access-date = 2 December 2016}}</ref> This was his first time dubbing for an animated character, and he also appeared in [[Ramratan]] song "Yeh Hai Dance Bar".<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Watch-Bappi-Lahiri-sings-for-the-Hollywood-animation-Moana/articleshow/55556416.cms|title=Watch: Bappi Lahiri sings for the Hollywood animation 'Moana' |work=The Times of India|access-date=18 December 2017}}</ref> He won [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]] at [[63rd Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/63rd-filmfare-awards-bappi-lahiri-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-118012100048_1.html|title=63rd Filmfare Awards: Bappi Lahiri receives 'Lifetime Achievement Award'|last=ANI|date=21 January 2018|access-date=24 March 2018|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

In 2021, he appeared as a guest judge in musical TV shows such as [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]], and [[Indian Idol]].<ref>{{cite web|author=shweta keshri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bappi-lahiri-s-last-tv-appearance-was-on-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-1913671-2022-02-16 |title=Bappi Lahiri's last TV appearance was on Sa Re Ga Ma Pa – Television News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=2022-02-16 |access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=shweta keshri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bappi-lahiri-offers-indian-idol-12-contestant-arunita-kanjilal-a-singing-contract-1831133-2021-07-22 |title=Bappi Lahiri offers Indian Idol 12 contestant Arunita Kanjilal a singing contract – Television News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=2021-07-22 |access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref>

===Political ambitions===
Bappi Lahiri joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 31 January 2014 in the presence of [[Rajnath Singh]], the then-national President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Saurabh|date=31 January 2014|title=Bappi Lahiri joins BJP, former top cop may follow|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/bappi-lahiri-joins-bjp-former-top-cop-may-follow-549448|access-date=2022-02-19|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> to contest the [[16th Lok Sabha|2014 Lok Sabha election]]. He was made a BJP candidate from [[Srerampur (Lok Sabha constituency)]] in 2014, but lost to [[Kalyan Banerjee (politician)|Kalyan Banerjee]].<ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2014|title=Lok Sabha Results: Top 30 Losers|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/top-30-losers-in-lok-sabha-polls/|access-date=17 December 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Other work ==

=== Acting ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1974
|''[[Badhti Ka Naam Dadhi]]''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-02-16|title=Bappi Lahiri made his acting debut in 'mamaji' Kishore Kumar's comedy film. Can you spot him in this pic?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bappi-lahiri-film-debut-mamaji-kishore-kumar-archive-photo-7776109/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=N|first=Patcy|date=16 October 2009|title=Review: Main Aurr Mrs Khanna lacks punch|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/movie-review-main-aurr-mrs-khanna/20091016.htm|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''It's Rocking: Dard-E-Disco''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2012-11-06|title=Bappi Lahiri's tribute to uncle Kishore Kumar|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/bappi-lahiri-s-tribute-to-uncle-kishore-kumar_122317.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Masaba Masaba Season 2''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-07-27|title='Masaba Masaba 2': Late singer Bappi Lahiri to be seen in cameo appearance|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/masaba-masaba-2-late-singer-bappi-lahiri-to-be-seen-in-cameo-appearance/articleshow/93155440.cms}}</ref>
|}

=== Dubbing ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Film title !! Actor !! Character !! Dub language !! Original language !! Original year release !! Dub year release !! Notes
|-
|''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''<ref name="auto2" />
|[[Jemaine Clement]]
|Tamatoa
|Hindi
|English
|2016
|2016
|
|-
| ''[[Kingsman: The Golden Circle]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/bappi-lahiri-to-dub-elton-john-for-kingsman-the-golden-circle-4845115/|title=Bappi Lahiri to dub for Elton John in Kingsman The Golden Circle|date=15 September 2017|website=The Indian Express|access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> || [[Elton John]] || Himself || Hindi || English || 2017 || 2017 ||live-action
|}

== Death ==
Bappi Lahiri died of [[obstructive sleep apnea]] and post COVID-19 complications in [[Mumbai]], on 15 February 2022 at the age of 69.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bappi-lahiri-collapsed-in-daughter-rema-s-arms-condition-had-worsened-since-he-got-covid-last-year-1913816-2022-02-16 | title=Bappi Lahiri collapsed in daughter Rema's arms, condition had worsened since he got Covid last year | date=16 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-16|title=Bappi Lahiri passes away: Disco King of Bollywood dies at 69|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/bappi-lahiri-dead-7775935/|access-date=2022-02-16|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2022}}
{{Main article|Bappi Lahiri discography}}
{{See also|Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri}}
[[File:Bappi Lahiri.png|thumb|Lahiri in 1995]]
Bappi Lahiri became popular in the late 1970s-80s and early 1990s for the film soundtracks composed by him such as ''[[Naya Kadam]]'', ''[[Aangan Ki Kali]]'', ''Wardat'', ''Disco Dancer'', ''[[Haathkadi (1982 film)|Haathkadi]]'', ''Namak Halaal'', ''Masterji'', ''Dance Dance'', ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'', ''[[Justice Chaudhury]]'', ''[[Tohfa]]'', ''[[Maqsad]]'', ''Commando'', ''[[Naukar Biwi Ka]]'', ''[[Adhikar (1986 film)|Adhikar]]'' and ''Sharaabi''.

He was known for disco-style songs where he brought orchestration and fusion of Indian music with international sounds and youthful upbeat rhythms. Although most of his songs were written for discotheques and dance numbers, there are several melodious songs as well from a list of movies like ''[[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'', ''[[Zakhmee]]'', ''Aangan Ki Kali'', ''Patita'', ''Adhikar'', ''Aaj Ka M.L.A Ram Avatar'', ''Laalchi'', ''Aitbaar'', ''Naya Kadam''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linda Mokdad|first=Corey Creekmur|title=The International Film Musical|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7486-3478-1|location=United Kingdom|page=200|language=English}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

=== Hindi and Bengali ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Songs !! Notes !! Language
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Nanha Shikari]]'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1973 || ''Charitra'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1974 || ''Bazar Band Karo'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1974 || ''Ek Ladki Badnaam Si'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Zakhmee]]'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film)|Aap Ki Khatir]]'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Toote Khilone]]'' || "All Songs" || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Aur Kaun?]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Surakksha]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Aangan Ki Kali]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Lahu Ke Do Rang (1979 film)|Lahu Ke Do Rang]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1980 || ''Manokamna'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
|1981
|''[[Karwat]]''
|All Songs
|
| Hindi
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Wardat]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Laparwah]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Ogo Bodhu Shundori]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1981 || {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Jyoti (1981 film)|Jyoti]]}} || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Disco Dancer]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi

|- 1982 || ''[[Armaan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi

| 1982 || ''[[Namak Halaal]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
|1982
|[[Suraag (1982 film)|''Suraag'']]
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Hindi
|-
|1982
|[[Haathkadi (1982 film)|''Haathkadi'']]
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Kisise Na Kehna]]'' || All Songs || || Hindi
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Mawaali]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
|1983
|''[[Naukar Biwi Ka]]''
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Hindi
|-
|1983
|''Love In Goa''<ref>{{Citation |title=Love in Goa |date=2022-08-01 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361853/fullcredits |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2022-08-26}}</ref>
|"All Songs" except "Come On Sing"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Pasand Apni Apni]]'' || All Songs || || Hindi
|-
|1984
|''[[Maqsad]]''
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Sharaabi]]'' || "All Songs" ||
|Hindi
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Tohfa (1984 film)|Tohfa]]'' || "All Songs" ||
|Hindi
|-
|1984
|''[[Naya Kadam]]''
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
|1984
|''[[Teri Baahon Mein]]''
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki]]'' || All Songs || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
|1984
|''[[Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar]]''
|All Songs
|Also Singer
|Hindi
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Gangvaa]]'' || All Songs || || Hindi<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Sharadhaa|first=A|date=17 February 2022|title=End of a musical era|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/feb/17/end-of-a-musical-era-2420293.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Aitbaar]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
|1985
|''[[Masterji]]''
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Pataal Bhairavi]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
|1985
|''[[Bewafai]]''
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Saaheb]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Geraftaar]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
|1985
|''[[Insaaf Main Karoonga]]a''
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Hindi
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Adventures of Tarzan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
|1985
|[[Adhikar (1986 film)|''Adhikar'']]
|"All Songs"
|
|Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Main Balwaan]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Muddat]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Ilzaam]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Dilwala]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Sheesha (1986 film)|Sheesha]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Shart (1986 film)|Shart]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Dharma Adhikari]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Main Balwan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Suhagan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Kismatwala]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Locket]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Shart (1986 film)|Shart]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Insaaf Ki Awaaz]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Singhasan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Mera Dharam]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Dance Dance (film)|Dance Dance]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Aag Hi Aag]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Satyamev Jayate (film)|Satyamev Jayate]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Guru Dakshina (1987 film)|Guru Dakshina]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Amar Sangi]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Commando (1988 film)|Commando]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Mera Shikar]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Guru (1989 film)|Guru]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Aamar Tumi]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
|1989
|[[Amar Prem (1989 film)|''Amar Prem'']]
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Bengali
|-
|1989
|''[[Asha O Bhalobasha]]''
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Bengali
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Prem Pratigyaa]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1989 || ''Pronomi Tomay'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1989 || ''Chokher Aloye'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1990 || ''Naakabandi'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1990 || {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]}} || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1990 || ''Bolidan'' || "All Songs" || Features popular song by [[Usha Uthup]], "Uri Uri Baba" || Bengali
|-
|1990
|[[Mandira (film)|''Mandira'']]
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Bengali
|-
|1990
|{{Lang|bn-latn|[[Badnam]]}}
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Bengali
|-
| 1990 || {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Ke Shahenshah]]}} || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Sailaab (1990 film)|Sailaab]]'' || "All Songs" || Along with [[Aadesh Shrivastava]] || Hindi
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Thanedaar]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Vishkanya (film)|Vishkanya]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Farishtay]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Dushman Devta]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Swarg Jaisaa Ghar]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Afsana Pyar Ka]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Pratikar]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Numbri Aadmi]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Sau Crore]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1991 || ''[[First Love Letter]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Zindagi Ek Juaa]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Police Aur Mujrim]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
|1992
|''Priya''
|"All Songs"
|
|Bengali
|-
|1992
|''Raktelekha''
|"All Songs"
|Also Singer
|Bengali
|-
| 1992 || ''Tomar Naam Likhe Debo'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Geet (1992 film)|Geet]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Tyagi (film)|Tyagi]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Touhean]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Dalaal]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Aankhen (1993 film)|Aankhen]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Geetanjali (1993 film)|Geetanjali]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1994 || ''Neelanjana'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Bengali
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Amaanat (1994 film)|Amaanat]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Rock Dancer]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Diya Aur Toofan (1995 film)|Diya Aur Toofan]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Dil Ke Jharoke Main]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1996 || ''Rangbaaz'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Bal Bramhachari (1996 film)|Bal Bramhachari]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Ham Sab Chor Hain (1995 film)|Hum Sab Chor Hain]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 1997 || ''Nirnayak'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1997 || ''Dharma Karma'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Military Raaj]]'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''Aaya Toofan'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Benaam (1999 film)|Benaam]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Justice Chowdhary]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 2006 || '' [[Taxi No. 9211]]''||"Bumbai Nagariya"
| Singer|| HINDI |Hindi
|-
| 2008 || ''Mudrank'' || "All Songs" || Also Singer || Hindi
|-
| 2008 || ''[[C Kkompany]]'' || "Khokha", "Jaane Kya Ho Gaya Mujhko" || || Hindi
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]'' || "India Se Aaya Tera Dost (Aap Ki Khatir)" || || Hindi
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Jai Veeru]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 2010 || ''Love.com'' || "Rabba Tu Pyar Dede" || || Hindi
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Dirty Picture]]'' || "[[Ooh La La (Shreya Ghoshal and Bappi Lahiri song)|Ooh La La]]" || As Singer || Hindi
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Jolly LLB]]'' || "Mere Toh L Lag Gaye" and "L Lag Gaye 2" || As Singer || Hindi
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|Himmatwala]]'' || "Thank God It's Friday" || Uncredited || Hindi
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Gunday]]'' || "Tune Maari Entriyaan", "Assalaam-E-Ishqum"|| As Singer || Hindi
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Main Aur Mr. Riight]]'' || "All Songs" || || Hindi
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Hunterrr]]'' || "Hunterrr 303" || As Singer || Hindi
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'' || "Tamma Tamma Song" || Singer & Original Composer || Hindi
|-
|2017
|''[[Ittefaq (2017 film)|Ittefaq]]''
|"Ittefaq Se (Raat Baaki)"
|Original Composer
|Hindi
|-
| 2018 || ''3rd Eye'' || || || Hindi
|-
| 2018 || ''Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyaar Ke''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/bappi-lahiri-on-composing-multi-genre-tracks-for-do-pal-pyar-ke/19298190|title=Bappi Lahiri on composing multi-genre tracks for Do Pal Pyar Ke|date=9 April 2018|work=mid-day|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref> || All Songs || Music Director || Hindi
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Why Cheat India]]'' || "Dil Mein Ho Tum" || Original Music Director || Hindi
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'' || "Areey Pyar Kar Le"|| Singer and original music director || Hindi
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Baaghi 3]]'' || "Bhankas" || Singer and original music director || Hindi
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]'' ||"Mere Dil Gaaye Ja" (Zooby Zooby) || Singer and original music director || Hindi
|}

=== Telugu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
|1986||''[[Simhasanam (1986 film)|Simhasanam]]''||<ref name=":1">{{cite web|author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo|date=16 February 2022|title=Remembering Bappi Lahiri's Telugu cinema chartbusters|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/remembering-bappi-lahiris-contribution-to-telugu-film-music/article65055217.ece|website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1987||''[[Thene Manasulu (1987 film)|Thene Manasulu]]'' ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''[[Trimurtulu]]''||<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''[[Sankharavam (1987 film)|Sankharavam]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/324681594766|title=Sankharavam|publisher=Leo Recording Company|year=1987|type=LP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222001846/https://www.ebay.com/itm/324681594766|archive-date=2022-02-22}}</ref>
|-
|''Samrat''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1988
|''Collector Vijaya''
|
|-
|''Manmadha Saamrajyam''
|<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/325060739822|title=Manmadha Saamrajyam|date=1988|type=LP|language=|publisher=Stereo Vision (Cauvery)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222003746/https://www.ebay.com/itm/325060739822|archive-date=2022-02-22|id=CRL 668}}</ref>
|-
|1989||''[[State Rowdy]]''||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1990
|''Chinna''
|
|-
|''Chinna Kodalu''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1991
|''[[Indra Bhavanam]]''
|
|-
|''[[Gang Leader]]''||<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''[[Rowdy Gaari Pellam]]''
|<ref name=":3">{{cite web|date=16 February 2022|title=Chiranjeevi, Mohan Babu mourn Bappi Lahiri's death|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/feb/16/chiranjeevi-mohan-babu-mourn-bappi-lahiris-death-29771.html|access-date=2022-02-22|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rowdy Alludu]]''||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |1992||''Donga Police''||<ref name=":3" />
|-
|''Raktha Tharpanam''
|
|-
|''[[Rowdy Inspector]]''||<ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=2022-02-16|title=Bappi Lahiri's Telugu compositions are unforgettable|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/bappi-lahiris-telugu-compositions-are-unforgettable-1082083.html|access-date=2022-02-22|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Brahma''||<ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993||''[[Nippu Ravva]]''||<ref name=":4" />
|-
|''Rowdy Rajakeeyam''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1995||[[Big Boss (film)|''Big Boss'']]||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''Muddayi Muddugumma'' ||
|-
|''Khaidi Inspector'' ||
|-
|''[[Punya Bhoomi Naa Desam]]''||<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2013
|''[[Action 3D]]''
|Co-composed with his son Bappa Lahiri<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2019 || ''Namaste Nestama'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/pressmeet-namastenestama.html|title=Namaste Nestama press meet - idlebrain.com|website=idlebrain.com}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Disco Raja]]''
|Singer<ref name=":1" />
|}

=== Tamil ===
*''[[Apoorva Sahodarigal]]'' (1983)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://bollywoodvinyl.in/products/apoorva-sahotharigal-tamil-bollywood-vinyl-lp-2|title=Apoorva Sahothariga|publisher=EMI|year=1983|type=LP}}</ref>
*''[[Paadum Vaanampadi]]'' (1985)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gaana.com/album/paadum-vanampadi|title=Paadum Vanampadi|publisher=Saregama|year=1985|type=LP|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508081111/https://gaana.com/album/paadum-vanampadi}}</ref>
*''[[Kizhakku Africavil Sheela]]'' (1987)<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news|date=6 February 1987|title=Trashy|page=14|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H4llAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=599%2C2250257}}</ref>
* ''[[Rocky: The Revenge]]'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020419/srikanth-back-as-a-cop-in-rockky.html|title=Srikanth back as a cop in Rockky|last=Subramanian|first=Anupama|date=2019-04-02|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref>

=== Kannada ===
*''[[Africadalli Sheela]]'' (1986)<ref name=":0" />
*''[[Krishna Nee Begane Baro]]'' (1986)<ref name=":0" />
*''Guru'' (1989)<ref name=":0" />
*''[[Police Matthu Dada]]'' (1991)<ref name=":0" />
*''[[Love in Mandya]]'' (2014) – singer, "Current Hodha Timealli"<ref name=":0" />

=== Other languages ===

*''[[Phir Janam Lenge Hum]]''/''[[Janam Janam Na Saathi]]'' (1977) – [[Hindi]]-[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.hungama.com/album/janam-janam-na-saathi/22967023/|title=Janam Janam Na Saathi|publisher=Saregama|year=1976|type=LP}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|author-link=Subhash K. Jha|date=2022-02-18|title=Revisiting Bappi Lahiri's songs with more stillness, the lesser known side to India's Disco King|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-bappi-lahiris-songs-with-more-stillness-the-lesser-known-side-to-indias-disco-king-10385271.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Michha Maya Sansara'' (1989)--[[Odia language|Odia]]
*''Dokyala Taap Nahi'' (1990) – [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=2018-11-09|title=Bappi Lahiri debuts in Marathi film as a playback singer for Lucky|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bappi-lahiri-debuts-marathi-film-playback-singer-lucky/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en}}</ref>
*''[[The Good Boys]]'' (1997) – [[Malayalam]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Did you know Bappi Lahiri has worked in a Malayalam movie?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-bappi-lahiri-has-worked-in-a-malayalam-movie/articleshow/89609106.cms|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Times of India|date=16 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*''[[Luckee]]'' (2019) – Marathi, singer<ref name=":2" />

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:40%;"| Award
! style="width:40%;"| Category
! style="width:40%;"| Nominated work
! style="width:10%;"| Result
!width=5%|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
![[29th Filmfare Awards|1982]]
|rowspan="7"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|''[[Armaan (1981 film)|Armaan]]''
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="7"|<ref name="auto3"/>
|-
![[30th Filmfare Awards|1983]]
|''[[Namak Halaal]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
!rowspan="3"|[[32nd Filmfare Awards|1985]]
|''[[Sharaabi]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|''[[Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|''[[Tohfa]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
![[36th Filmfare Awards|1991]]
|{{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
![[63rd Filmfare Awards|2018]]
|colspan="2"|[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|{{won}}
|-
![[4th Mirchi Music Awards|2012]]
|[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
|Best Item Song of the Year
|"Ooh La La" ({{small|From ''[[The Dirty Picture]]''}})
|{{won}}
|<ref name=win>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/winners.php|title=Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2011 Winners|website=www.radiomirchi.com}}</ref>
|}

===Honours===

* 2017 – [[Banga Bhushan]] Civilian Honour by [[Government of West Bengal]]

==Legacy==
Composer Bappi Lahiri's discarded disco track ''[[Zindagi Meri Dance Dance]]'' was left out of the [[Babbar Subhash]] film ''[[Dance Dance (film)|Dance Dance]]'' although it featured on the vinyl album release at the time.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/dec/31/9910|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215039/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/dec/31/9910|url-status=live|archive-date=2 June 2021|title=Rewind 2017: The best Hindi film songs of the year|first=Mayur|last=Lookhar|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> It was re-discovered and had a second lease of life in director [[Ashim Ahluwalia]]'s 2017 gangster film ''[[Daddy (2017 film)|Daddy]]'' starring [[Arjun Rampal]].<ref name="auto1"/> The re-release of the song was a huge success, becoming one of the top tracks of the year.<ref name="auto1"/>

Ahluwalia wanted an authentic 80s Bappi Lahiri sound and not an overproduced remix.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/846122/daddy-song-zindagi-meri-dance-dance-brings-bappi-lahiris-discarded-tune-back-to-life|title='Daddy' song 'Zindagi Meri Dance Dance' brings Bappi Lahiri's discarded tune back to life|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|date=4 August 2017 }}</ref> Norwegian producer Olefonken reworked the song to be more dynamic for contemporary sound systems but kept many of the original elements including the original vocals of [[Alisha Chinai]] and [[Vijay Benedict]] as well as the original synth and drum machines.<ref name="auto"/> The choreographer of Ahluwalia's first film ''[[Miss Lovely]]'', was the same Kamal Nath who had also worked on B. Subhash's disco film ''[[Dance Dance (film)|Dance Dance]]'' and ''[[Commando (1988 film)|Commando]]'' starring [[Mithun Chakraborty]], both of which feature Bappi Lahiri soundtracks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/norwegian-bollywood/article19620725.ece|title=Norwegian Bollywood|first=Manish|last=Gaekwad|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 September 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian film music directors]]

==References==
===Cited sources===
{{reflist}}

===Further reading===
* {{cite web |title=Bappi Lahiri-All Time favourite Songs |url=https://www.hungama.com/artist/bappi-lahiri/995/ |website=Hungama.com |access-date=20 July 2022 |language=en}}
* {{cite web |title=Bappi Lahiri is one of the most prolific music composers of Bollywood. He revolutionized the film music genre by introducing Disco music with a hint of Indian flavour. He has composed memorable music for films like 'Disco Dancer', 'Namak Halaal' and 'Sharaabi'. |url=https://www.hungama.com/artist/bappi-lahiri/995/ |publisher=Hungama.com |access-date=17 November 2022 |language=en}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*{{Official website|https://bappilahiri.com}}
*{{IMDb name|0481568|Bappi Lahiri }}
* {{discogs artist|Bappi Lahiri}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestMusicDirector}}
{{Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award}}
{{Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lahiri, Bappi}}
[[Category:Bappi Lahiri| ]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Bengali film score composers]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:Indian people of Bangladeshi descent]]

Valla Desam

2026-03-03T03:14:25Z

MatildaAldrich: starting new info added tags!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Valla Desam
| image = Valladesam - Movie Poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| director = N. T. Nantha
| producer = K. Raveendran Emmanuel
| writer = N. T. Nantha
| starring = [[Anu Hasan]] [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] David Yuvarajan
| music = L. V. Muthukumarasamy R. K. Sundar
| cinematography = N. T. Nantha
| editing = Deepak S. Dwaraknath
| studio = Lakxshanna Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|09|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Valla Desam''''' ({{translation|Highly Developed country}}) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language [[action film]] written and directed by N. T. Nantha. The film stars [[Anu Hasan]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vasudevan |first1=K. V. |title=Best of both worlds |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Best-of-both-worlds/article16789320.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 December 2016 |language=en-IN |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317172013/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Best-of-both-worlds/article16789320.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], Amit, David Yuvarajan and Akarshana portraying supporting characters.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/being-anu-hasan/article6818723.ece |title=Being Anu Hasan |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 January 2015 |last1=Joseph |first1=Raveena |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-date=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126020824/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/being-anu-hasan/article6818723.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film began production in early 2012 and had a theatrical release after several delays on 22 September 2017.

==Cast==
* [[Anu Hasan]] as Anu
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as
* [[Bala Singh]]
* [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]]
* [[Amit Tiwari]]
* David Yuvarajan as David
* Akarshana as Anjali
* Andrei Lenart as Andrei Blok
* Rory Locke as Alex Dela
* [[Pippa Winslow]] as Surgeon
* Kumud Pant as CID Officer

==Production==
[[Anu Hasan]] first announced the project during an interview to [[The Hindu]] in May 2012, stating she had signed on to appear in a film titled ''Kanavughal Aayiram'' to be directed by London-based film maker Nantha Thurai.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/happy-in-her-space/article3460336.ece |title=Happy in her space |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 May 2012 |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Y. Sunita |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711073532/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/happy-in-her-space/article3460336.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film began shoot in [[London]] during late 2012 under the title of ''Aayiram Kanavugal'' and was also developed under its literal English translation ''1000 Dreams'', before undergoing a name change in late 2014 after a period of little progress.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/I-have-no-fear-of-failure-Anu-Hassan/2013/05/28/article1609393.ece |title=I have no fear of failure: Anu Hassan |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723220023/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/I-have-no-fear-of-failure-Anu-Hassan/2013/05/28/article1609393.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2015, actor [[Silambarasan]] recorded his voice for a song in the film, which has music composed by his cousin, Muthukumarasamy who is also the son of veteran composer late [[L. Vaidyanathan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/music-composer-lv-muthukumarasamy-talks-about-his-debut-project-valladesam.html |title=Simbu for a semi-hollywood style Tamil film |date=22 October 2016 |publisher=Behind Woods |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906122342/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/music-composer-lv-muthukumarasamy-talks-about-his-debut-project-valladesam.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's soundtrack album and trailer was released at an event in Chennai in August 2015 by actor [[Kamal Haasan]] and director [[Bharathiraja]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/simbhu-recorded-a-song-in-anu-haasan-starrer-valladesam-tamil-news-138558.html |title=Simbhu lends his voice for popular actress re-entry film |date=28 July 2015 |work=India Glitz |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711073808/https://www.indiaglitz.com/simbhu-recorded-a-song-in-anu-haasan-starrer-valladesam-tamil-news-138558.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following two years of inactivity, the team prepared the film for a theatrical release in September 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/180917/nantha-upbeat-about-valla-desam.html |title=Nantha upbeat about Valla Desam |date=18 September 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=19 September 2017 |archive-date=19 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919170746/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/180917/nantha-upbeat-about-valla-desam.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/120917/primed-for-her-comeback.html |title=Primed for her comeback |date=12 September 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=6 May 2018 |archive-date=7 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507090253/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/120917/primed-for-her-comeback.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Valla Desam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = L. V. Muthukumarasamy & R. K. Sundar
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|07|01}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/valladesam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1130947687 |title=Valladesam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=July 2016 |publisher=[[iTunes]] |access-date=6 May 2018 |archive-date=7 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507154917/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/valladesam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1130947687 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| recorded = 3 August 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 21:06
| language = Tamil
| label = Junglee Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|gQWw_a6WoO4|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}
The film's music was composed by L. V. Muthukumarasamy and R. K. Sundar, while the audio rights of the film were acquired by Junglee Music. The album was released on 3 August 2015 and featured five songs.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=21|s=06}}
| title1 = Theyil Suttalum
| extra1 = [[Silambarasan]]
| music1 = L. V. Muthukumarasamy
| lyrics1 = Muthu Vijayan
| length1 = 03:44
| title2 = Edho Edho Ennam
| extra2 = [[Suchitra]]
| music2 = L. V. Muthukumarasamy
| lyrics2 = Samaran
| length2 = 04:24
| title3 = Manamae Manamae
| extra3 = [[Priya Himesh]], [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
| music3 = L. V. Muthukumarasamy
| lyrics3 = Mullai Nishanthan
| length3 = 04:07
| title4 = Vaa Thanimayil
| extra4 = [[Padmalatha]]
| music4 = R. K. Sundar
| lyrics4 = Samaran
| length4 = 04:15
| title5 = Megam Kalaivathillai
| extra5 = [[Palakkad Sreeram]]
| music5 = R. K. Sundar
| lyrics5 = Samaran
| length5 = 04:40
| length8 =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| title9 =
| length6 =
| title8 =
| length7 =
| title7 =
| title6 =
| all_writing =
| length10 =
}}

==Release==
The film was released across Tamil Nadu on 22 September 2017 during the most crowded release date of the year at the Chennai box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-september-22-news-tamil-rjwktIjhajcdf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001552/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-september-22-news-tamil-rjwktIjhajcdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2017 |title=Friday Fury |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film drew largely negative reviews, with a critic from Sify.com writing that the film has "bad writing and amateurish making" and "ends up as a tedious watch mainly due to the bland writing". The critic added the film has "the potential for an edge of the seat action thriller but sadly the problem is that it literally offers nothing new and execution is below average".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/valla-desam-review-bad-writing--amateurish-making-review-tamil-rjwltPfhhdjcb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923195718/http://www.sify.com/movies/valla-desam-review-bad-writing--amateurish-making-review-tamil-rjwltPfhhdjcb.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 September 2017 |title=Valla Desam review-Bad writing & amateurish making |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A critic from the [[Deccan Chronicle]] wrote "the problems of ''Valla Desam'' start early and despite having a lot of the elements required for a successful spy thriller in place, the dialogues and the characterization fall flat, and because of this, none of the personal tragedy and dangers tends to strike you as imminent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220917/valladesam-movie-review-despite-having-a-lot-of-the-elements-film-falls-flat.html |title=Valladesam movie review: Despite a lot of elements, film falls flat |date=22 September 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923200204/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220917/valladesam-movie-review-despite-having-a-lot-of-the-elements-film-falls-flat.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Likewise, a reviewer from [[The Times of India]] noted "''Valla Desam'' aspires to be a tense spy thriller, but falls short in both the writing and making."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/valladesam/movie-review/60791663.cms |title=Valladesam Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |last1=Suganth |first1=M. |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926175612/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/valladesam/movie-review/60791663.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "It’s a great idea to bring the Vijayashanti brand of action-heroine back to the Tamil screen, but you have to make us invest in her as a person first. Anu’s family scenes are painfully perfunctory."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/valladesam-movie-review |title=Valladesam Movie Review |date=25 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207203230/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/valladesam-movie-review |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|4981012}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian spy action films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:2010s spy action films]]
[[Category:2017 action thriller films]]

Results of the 2019 Indian general election

2026-02-27T21:36:30Z

MatildaAldrich: Improved readability and structure

{{Short description|none}}
{{politics of India}}

To constitute [[India]]'s [[17th Lok Sabha|17th]] [[Lok Sabha]], [[Elections in India|general elections]] were held in [[2019 Indian general election|April–May 2019]]. The results were announced on 23 May 2019. The main contenders were two alliance groups of the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] which won a [[landslide victory]] and the opposition [[United Progressive Alliance]] led by the [[Indian National Congress]]. The [[2019 Indian general election]] was the largest democratic exercise in history at the time it was conducted, with around 912 million eligible voters.

==Results by alliance and party==
{| class=wikitable
!rowspan="2"|Party
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|-
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]
![[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
![[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Leader
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|[[M. K. Stalin]]
|[[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]
|-
|[[File:PM_Modi_Portrait(cropped).jpg|133x133px]]
|[[File:Rahul Gandhi (full, 2008).jpg|alt=|131x131px]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Thiru MK Stalin.jpg|frameless|109x109px]]
|[[File:The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|125x125px]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Votes
|37.77% ; 229,076,879
|19.66% ; 119,495,214
|2.33% ; 14,363,332<ref name="ECI_1"/><ref>{{cite web|date=11 October 2019|title=35. VELLORE PC RESULT (ELECTION WAS HELD IN AUGUST 2019)|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11007-35-vellore-pc-result-election-was-held-in-august-2019/|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>
|2.26% ; 13,877,992
|-
|{{percentage bar|37.26||ff9933}}
|{{percentage bar|19.39||00bfff}}
|{{percentage bar|2.26||dd1100}}
|{{percentage bar|2.53||1569c7}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |Seats
|303 (55.90%)
|52 (9.59%)
|23 (4.24%)
|23 (4.24%)
|-
|{{Composition bar|303|542|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{Composition bar|52|542|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}
|{{Composition bar|23|542|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}{{efn|name=DMK|Elections in [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore constituency]] were held later in August 2019 and won by DMK.}}
|{{Composition bar|23|542|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}}
|-
!rowspan="2"|Party
| bgcolor="{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
|-
![[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
![[Shiv Sena|SS]]
![[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
![[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Leader
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|[[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|-
|[[File:Mamata_Banerjee_-_Kolkata_2011-12-08_7531_Cropped.JPG|alt=|132x132px]]
| [[File:Uddhav Thackeray, President of Shiv Sena-UBT.jpg|124x124px]]
|[[File:Nitish_Kumar.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[File:Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik in October 2014.jpg|131x131px]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Votes
|4.1% ; 24,757,345<ref name="ECI_1">{{cite web|date=11 October 2019|title=18. Partywise Seat Won Valid Votes Polled in Each State|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10959-18-partywise-seat-won-valid-votes-polled-in-each-state/|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>
|2.10% ; 12,858,904
|1.46% ; 8,926,679
|1.66% ; 10,174,021
|-
|{{percentage bar|4.07||00ff00}}
|{{percentage bar|2.10||e3882d}}
|{{percentage bar|1.46||003366}}
|{{percentage bar|1.66||006400}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |Seats
|22 (4.05%)
|18 (2.3%)
|16 (1.9%)
|12 (1.2%)
|-
|{{Composition bar|22|542|{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}}}
|{{Composition bar|18|542|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
|{{Composition bar|16|542|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
|{{Composition bar|12|542|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}}
|-
!rowspan="2"|Party
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
![[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
![[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
![[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Leader
|[[Mayawati]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|[[Sharad Pawar]]
|[[Sitaram Yechury]]
|-
|[[File:Mayawati.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[File:Akhilesh Yadav (cropped).JPG|131x131px]]
|[[File:Sharad_Govindrao_Pawar.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[File:Yechuri 1.JPG|125x125px]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Votes
|3.63% ; 22,246,501
|2.55% ; 15,647,206
|1.39% ; 8,500,331
|1.77% ; 10,744,908
|-
|{{percentage bar|3.63||0000ff}}
|{{percentage bar|2.55||ff0001}}
|{{percentage bar|1.39||1ca9c9}}
|{{percentage bar|1.77||ff0000}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |Seats
|10 (1.85%)
|5 (0.92%)
|5 (0.92%)
|3 (0.55%)
|-
|{{Composition bar|10|542|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{Composition bar|5|542|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
|{{Composition bar|5|542|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
|{{Composition bar|3|542|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|}

[[File:Indian General Election 2019 all parties.svg|thumb|240px|Results of the election by political party]]
[[File:Indian General Election 2019 by alliance.svg|Results of the election by alliance|thumb|240px|upright=1.35]]
[[File:India 2019 grid cartogram.png|[[Cartogram]] showing popular vote in each constituency|thumb|240px|upright=1.35]]

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''Vote share of parties in the election'''|other=yes
|value1=37.36|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=19.49|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=4.07|label3=[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color3={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|value4=3.63|label4=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]|color4={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value5=2.55|label5=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color5={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
|value6=2.53|label6=[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]|color6={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
|value7=2.26|label7=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color7={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value8=2.10|label8=[[Shiv Sena|SS]]|color8={{party color|Shiv Sena}}
|value9=2.04|label9=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color9={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|value10=1.75|label10=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|color10={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''vote share by alliance''' |other=yes
|value1=45.3|label1=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=27.5|label2=[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=6.1|label3=[[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|MGB]]|color3={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value4=|label4=|color4={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|value5=|label5=|color5={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
|value6=|label6=|color6={{party color|Shiv Sena}}
|value7=|label7=|color7={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|value8=|label8=|color8={{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|value9=|label9=|color9={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value10=|label10=|color10={{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''seat share by alliance'''|other=17.42
|value1=65.19|label1=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=17.12|label2=[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=2.7|label3=[[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|MGB]]|color3={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value4=|label4=|color4=
|value5=|label5=|color5=
|value6=|label6=|color6=
|value7=|label7=|color7=
|value8=|label8=|color8=
|value9=|label9=|color9=
|value10=|label10=|color10=
}}

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] won the elections with the BJP itself winning a clear [[majority]]. The BJP became the single largest party in the House and surpassed expectations to win 303 seats, with its alliance partners bringing the NDA to a total of 353 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/|title=Election Commission of India|website=eci.gov.in|access-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201816/http://www.eci.gov.in/|archive-date=7 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Reasons attributed to the victory included the personal popularity of [[Narendra Modi]], effective voter turnout drives by the NDA, a surge in public nationalism following the [[Pulwama attack]], the consolidation of Hindu voters in a multi-caste coalition and the successful implementation of social welfare programmes during the [[First Modi ministry]]'s term.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/bjp-cements-its-position-as-central-pole-of-indian-polity/story-kPMHLAIt3d2jX0GXc67DAJ.html|title=BJP cements its position as central pole of Indian polity|date=May 25, 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The [[Vote counting|counting of votes]] was held on 23 May 2019, and was completed early the following day.<ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/partywise/index.htm|title=General Election 2019 - Election Commission of India|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-24|archive-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525080857/http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/partywise/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Initial returns showed the BJP leading in all 303 constituencies it eventually won, and opposition leader [[Rahul Gandhi]] conceded defeat prior to the official certification of most results.<ref name="PM Modi 2019">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/video/rahul-gandhi-concedes-defeat-congratulates-pm-modi-smriti-irani-1532940-2019-05-23 Rahul Gandhi concedes defeat, congratulates PM Modi, Smriti Irani], India Today (May 23, 2019)</ref>

With the results, the BJP was able to gain 21 seats in the House, having won 282 in the [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref name="wsjmay232019a2">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-narendra-modi-takes-an-early-lead-in-elections-11558589858 India’s Narendra Modi Wins Re-Election With Strong Mandate], The Wall Street Journal (May 23, 2019)</ref><ref name="indiatoday-alliance">{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Election 2019 - Party Alliance Details, General Elections |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/party-alliance-details |website=India Today |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526172433/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/party-alliance-details |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was the second time in India's independent history that voters re-elected the same party to power with a bigger majority to the Lok Sabha – India's lower house of parliament. The BJP's total vote share stood at 37.4 per cent, an increase of over 6 [[percentage points]] from 31.34 per cent in 2014. The National Democratic Alliance secured a vote share of 45 per cent, compared to 38 per cent in 2014. In contrast, the vote share of Indian National Congress remained the same at 19.5 per cent.<ref name="itmay2320192">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/narendra-modi-returns-biggest-gain-vote-share-1532819-2019-05-23 Narendra Modi 2.0 returns with biggest gain in vote share ever], India Today (May 23, 2019)</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramani |first1=Srinivasan |title=Analysis: Highest-ever national vote share for the BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/analysis-highest-ever-national-vote-share-for-the-bjp/article27218550.ece |work=The Hindu |date=23 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> About 1.04 percent of the voters in India chose to vote for [[None of the above (India)|None Of The Above]] (NOTA) in the 2019 elections, with Bihar leading with 2.08 percent NOTA voters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-most-nota-votes-were-cast-in-bihar-maharashtra-recorded-486902-such-votes-with-palghar-topping-the-list-6693611.html|title=Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Most NOTA votes were cast in Bihar; Maharashtra recorded 4,86,902 such votes with Palghar topping the list|website=Firstpost|date=24 May 2019 }}</ref>

Modi was re-elected as the Prime Minister with the biggest gain in vote-share in history(+6.02%).<ref name="itmay2320192" /> His opponent, Rahul Gandhi, ran in two constituencies, winning from Wayanad, but losing from the [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]] constituency – the seat he, his mother ([[Sonia Gandhi]]), his father ([[Rajiv Gandhi]]), and his uncle ([[Sanjay Gandhi]]) had collectively held for decades. In addition, many candidates who were members of popular political dynasties were defeated across India in favour of the BJP or other parties' candidates.<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/lok-sabha-election-result-2019-fall-of-dynastic-politics-in-india-1558692692-1 Lok Sabha Election result 2019: Fall of dynastic politics in India], Jagran Josh (May 24, 2019)</ref><ref name=it05242019>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/election-results-2019-political-dynasts-lose-in-tsunamo-wave-1533699-2019-05-24 Election Results 2019: Tsunamo wave sinks political families in 2019 elections], India Today (May 24, 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/240519/is-it-game-over-for-dynasty-politics.html Is it game over for dynasty politics?], Deccan Chronicle (May 25, 2019)</ref>

The election had been called a referendum on Modi and the BJP's [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalistic]] policies and advocacy.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/19/indians-vote-final-stage-gruelling-election-campaign-narendra-modi Indian elections: Modi on track for decisive victory, exit polls suggest], The Guardian (May 23, 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/04/14/709439733/with-indian-elections-underway-the-vote-is-also-a-referendum-on-hindu-nationalis With Indian Elections Underway, The Vote Is Also A Referendum On Hindu Nationalism], NPR (April 14, 2019)</ref> According to ''The Wall Street Journal'', Modi's victory "sets (sic) the stage for further economic change in one of Asia’s fastest-growing economies."<ref name="wsjmay232019a2" /> Alasdair Pal and Mayank Bhardwaj, in an article published by [[Reuters]], claimed that the result was a mandate for business-friendly policies and tougher national security positions, reinforcing "a global trend of right-wing populists sweeping to victory, from the United States to Brazil and Italy, often after adopting harsh positions on protectionism, immigration and defence."<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election/indias-modi-stuns-opposition-with-huge-election-win-idUSKCN1SS2YR India's Modi stuns opposition with huge election win], Alasdair Pal and Mayank Bhardwaj, Reuters (May 23, 2019)</ref>

According to a data analysis by the ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'', "The ruling party’s victory has been broad-based, gaining seats in most parts of the country, and across the rural-urban divide, cementing its pole position in Indian politics." However according to this study conducted in about 140 constituencies, BJP seems more popular and successful in urban and metropolitan constituencies than rural and semi-urban constituencies. The BJP was favored in all income groups, states the ''Mint''. The newspaper added, "In constituencies with high presence of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SCs/STs), the BJP is more popular than other parties, but in constituencies with high presence of Muslims, it is less popular."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/ten-charts-that-explain-the-2019-lok-sabha-verdict-1558636775444.html|title=Ten charts that explain the 2019 Lok Sabha verdict|date=May 24, 2019|website=Livemint.com}}</ref>

According to ''[[India Today]]'', detailed accounts and reports suggest that the country's overall growth were not among top factors that helped Narendra Modi's party cruise to a landslide victory in the elections and that the government has been able to implement schemes that directly affect the rural population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/unemployment-on-rise-gdp-slips-and-you-voted-for-vikas-1537342-2019-05-29|title=Unemployment on rise, GDP slips. And you voted for vikas?|author=Koustav Das |location=New Delhi |date=May 29, 2019|website=India Today}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||229,076,879||37.36||303
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]||119,495,214||19.49||52
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}| ||align=left|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]||24,929,330||4.07||22
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||22,246,501||3.63||10
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}| ||align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]]||15,647,206||2.55||5
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}| ||align=left|[[YSR Congress Party]]||15,537,006||2.53||23
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||13,877,992||2.26||23
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiv Sena}}| ||align=left|[[Shiv Sena]]||12,858,904||2.10||18
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}| ||align=left|[[Telugu Desam Party]]||12,515,345||2.04||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||10,744,908||1.77||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Biju Janata Dal]]||10,174,021||1.66||12
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (United)]]||8,926,679||1.46||16
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||8,500,331||1.39||5
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||7,830,146||1.28||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}| ||align=left|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]||7,696,848||1.26||9
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]||6,632,247||1.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||3,778,574||0.62||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}| ||align=left|[[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi]]||3,743,560||0.61||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India]]||3,576,184||0.58||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]||3,457,107||0.56||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Lok Jan Shakti Party}}| ||align=left|[[Lok Jan Shakti Party]]||3,206,979||0.52||6
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}| ||align=left|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]||2,716,629||0.44||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]||2,297,431||0.37||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam}}| ||align=left|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]||2,249,118||0.37||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jana Sena Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jana Sena Party]]||1,915,127||0.31||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]||1,901,976||0.31||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Naam Tamilar Katchi]]||1,668,079||0.27||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}| ||align=left|[[Makkal Needhi Maiam]]||1,613,708||0.26||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}| ||align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]||1,592,467||0.26||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}| ||align=left|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]||1,480,697||0.24||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]||1,462,518||0.24||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]||1,447,363||0.24||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}| ||align=left|[[All India United Democratic Front]]||1,402,088||0.23||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}| ||align=left|[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]||1,201,542||0.20||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}| ||align=left|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]||1,039,478||0.17||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha|Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]]||956,501||0.16||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]||929,590||0.15||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Swabhimani Paksha}}| ||align=left|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]||834,380||0.14||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]||750,799||0.12||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]||711,715||0.12||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]||709,685||0.12||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}| ||align=left|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]||660,706||0.11||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]||660,051||0.11||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}| ||align=left|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]||648,277||0.11||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jannayak Janta Party]]||619,970||0.10||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Tribal Party]]||539,319||0.09||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]||507,643||0.08||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]||500,510||0.08||1
|-
| ||align=left|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]||491,596||0.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Lok Insaaf Party}}| ||align=left|[[Lok Insaaf Party]]||469,784||0.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}| ||align=left|[[Bodoland People's Front]]||446,774||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|National People's Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]||425,986||0.07||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}| ||align=left|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]||421,046||0.07||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}| ||align=left|[[United People's Party Liberal]]||416,305||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Mukti Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bahujan Mukti Party]]||405,949||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}| ||align=left|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]||403,835||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ambedkarite Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Ambedkarite Party of India]]||381,070||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}| ||align=left|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]]||380,847||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Naga People's Front}}| ||align=left|[[Naga People's Front]]||363,527||0.06||1
|-
| ||align=left|Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)||344,546||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}| ||align=left|[[All India Forward Bloc]]||322,507||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|[[Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party]]||313,925||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Punjab Ekta Party}}| ||align=left|[[Punjab Ekta Party]]||296,620||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha}}| ||align=left|[[Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha]]||281,578||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]||280,356||0.05||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}| ||align=left|[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]]||267,256||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}| ||align=left|[[All India N.R. Congress]]||247,956||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]||240,258||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Mizo National Front}}| ||align=left|[[Mizo National Front]]||224,286||0.04||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]||220,849||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}| ||align=left|[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]||210,088||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)}}| ||align=left|[[Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)]]||203,369||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Social Democratic Party of India]]||169,680||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]||166,922||0.03||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nawan Punjab Party}}| ||align=left|[[Nawan Punjab Party]]||161,645||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kerala Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Kerala Congress]]||155,135||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}| ||align=left|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]||154,489||0.03||0
|-
| ||align=left|Peoples Party of India (Democratic)||153,103||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]||133,612||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindusthan Nirman Dal}}| ||align=left|Hindusthan Nirman Dal||122,972||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Uttama Prajaakeeya Party}}| ||align=left|[[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]||120,800||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party||105,997||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left|Voters Party International||105,972||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)}}| ||align=left|[[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]]||97,631||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Prabhat Party||92,100||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star]]||90,645||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}| ||align=left|[[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]]||89,529||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]||84,054||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Jan Adhikar Party]]||79,975||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Pyramid Party of India}}| ||align=left|Pyramid Party of India||77,169||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}| ||align=left|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]||71,524||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Hindu Sena||67,782||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Shoshit Samaj Dal||63,543||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Moulik Adhikar Party||59,235||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Samata Party (Secular)}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Samata Party (Secular)||58,110||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Telangana Jana Samithi}}| ||align=left|[[Telangana Jana Samithi]]||57,073||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party||55,868||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Loktanter Suraksha Party}}| ||align=left|[[Loktanter Suraksha Party]]||55,280||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Republican Socialist Party||54,266||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}| ||align=left|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)]]||52,185||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aihra National Party||50,071||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ambedkar National Congress}}| ||align=left|Ambedkar National Congress||49,149||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Gondwana Party||48,426||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Maha Party||46,185||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Purvanchal Janta Party (Secular)||43,892||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtravadi Janata Party}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtravadi Janata Party]]||42,905||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bajjikanchal Vikas Party||40,906||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Anti Corruption Dynamic Party||40,214||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|Peoples Democratic Party]]||39,856||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]]||39,760||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|North East India Development Party}}| ||align=left|[[North East India Development Party]]||37,221||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Autonomous State Demand Committee}}| ||align=left|[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]||36,915||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Amra Bangalee}}| ||align=left|[[Amra Bangalee]]||36,570||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ambedkar Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|[[Ambedkar Samaj Party]]||35,076||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Party]]||35,060||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aam Adhikar Morcha||34,845||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal||34,643||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi||34,233||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janhit Kisan Party||33,902||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sapaks Party||33,366||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bihar Lok Nirman Dal||32,445||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party||31,308||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aam Janta Party Rashtriya||31,017||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party||30,983||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left|Yuva Krantikari Party||30,492||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Peace Party of India]]||29,998||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)}}| ||align=left|Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)||29,507||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Wazib Adhikar Party||29,392||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party||29,129||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Right to Recall Party||28,817||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]||28,545||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}| ||align=left|[[People's Party of Arunachal]]||27,703||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janta Dal Rashtravadi||27,584||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jai Prakash Janata Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Jai Prakash Janata Dal]]||27,404||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Nyay Dal||26,746||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party,||26,588||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Ulama Council}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Ulama Council]]||25,756||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic]]||25,630||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Swatantra Jantaraj Party||25,494||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Baliraja Party||24,915||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samagra Utthan Party||24,816||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Momin Front||23,765||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party||23,580||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindu Mahasabha}}| ||align=left|[[Hindu Mahasabha]]||23,475||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Hind Forward Bloc (Krantikari)||23,252||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Welfare Party Of India||23,035||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Satya Bahumat Party||22,560||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hindustan Shakti Sena||21,771||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Asom Jana Morcha||21,678||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Kisan Party||21,551||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Moolniwasi Samaj Party||21,234||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian New Congress Party||21,095||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Marxist Communist Party of India (United)}}| ||align=left|[[Marxist Communist Party of India (United)]]||21,045||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvodaya Bharat Party||20,764||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party||20,704||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|India Praja Bandhu Party||20,682||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}| ||align=left|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]||20,620||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Bahujan Congress||19,500||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Proutist Bloc, India||19,457||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}}| ||align=left|Jharkhand Party (Naren)||18,869||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aapki Apni Party (Peoples)||18,866||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lok Gathbandhan Party||18,684||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samajwadi Forward Bloc}}| ||align=left|Samajwadi Forward Bloc||18,577||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Lokdal}}| ||align=left|[[Lokdal]]||18,218||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nagrik Ekta Party||18,037||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jantantrik Vikas Party||17,955||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vanchit Samaj Party||17,856||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]]||17,125||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jansabha Party||16,902||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aam Janta Party (India)||16,749||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya National Janta Dal||16,743||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hum Bhartiya Party||16,672||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aajad Bharat Party (Democratic)||16,481||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya mahan Gantantra Party||16,371||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand People's Party]]||16,195||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Anarakshit Party||15,907||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party||15,472||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Dalit Party||15,376||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Swaraj Party (Loktantrik)||15,132||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vyavastha Parivartan Party||14,974||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party||14,882||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha||14,757||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Republican Party of India (Karnataka)||14,746||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janata Congress||14,595||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi||14,300||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarva Janata Party||14,213||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Republican Party (Insan)||14,142||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Awam Party||14,060||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)]]||14,016||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Hind Party||13,693||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Proutist Sarva Samaj||13,535||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Party}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Party]]||13,467||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Purvanchal Mahapanchayat||13,450||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prism||13,323||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Public Mission Party||13,238||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Prabuddha Republican Party}}| ||align=left|Prabuddha Republican Party||13,229||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Gana Parishad||13,039||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Mitra Party||12,737||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kamatapur People’s Party (United)}}| ||align=left|Kamatapur People's Party (United)||12,666||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Democratic)||12,629||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal||12,538||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)||12,525||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party||12,459||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kalinga Sena}}| ||align=left|Kalinga Sena||12,432||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Swatantra Bharat Paksha}}| ||align=left|[[Swatantra Bharat Paksha]]||12,430||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bhartiya Jan Satta Party}}| ||align=left|Bhartiya Jan Satta Party||12,416||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Party for Democratic Socialism||12,087||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Republican Party of India]]||12,015||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Smart Indians Party||11,877||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Pragatisheel Samaj Party||11,752||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Garib Janshakti Party||11,678||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ganasangam Party of India||11,631||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Asli Deshi Party||11,598||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jana Jagruti Party||11,464||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janral Samaj Party||11,324||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aadarsh Mithila Party||11,311||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Power Party||11,248||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena}}| ||align=left|Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena||11,200||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party||11,132||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Peoples' Front (Radical)||11,032||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Independent Morcha||10,914||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Sangharsh Virat Party||10,569||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress}}| ||align=left|Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress||10,532||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Garvi Gujarat Party||10,469||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)]]||10,424||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Yuva Jan Jagriti Party||10,147||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party||10,127||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindustan Janta Party}}| ||align=left|[[Hindustan Janta Party]]||9,997||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party||9,914||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bharat Samagra Kranti Party||9,912||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party||9,894||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party||9,868||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Praja Shanthi Party||9,738||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Aam Awam Party||9,628||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Peoples Green Party||9,538||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party||9,503||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samata Samadhan Party||9,396||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lok Jan Vikas Morcha||9,278||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rajnaitik Vikalp Party||9,109||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]||9,015||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy||9,007||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Maratha Party||8,997||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)||8,900||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Pichhara Samaj Party United||8,884||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]]||8,830||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vishva SHakti Party||8,784||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)||8,672||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party||8,643||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janasachetan Party (R.J.P.)||8,609||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Apna Dal United Party||8,541||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Krupaa Party||8,510||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Jharkhand Party||8,484||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Azad Party||8,421||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Loksangram||8,418||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtra Sewa Dal||8,381||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Apna Kisan Party||8,354||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Odisha Pragati Dal||8,304||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Assam Dristi Party||8,285||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha||8,260||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party]]||8,210||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sanyukt Vikas Party||8,205||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Aavaam Ekta Party||8,164||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[All India Hindustan Congress Party]]||8,082||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nava Praja Rajyam Party||8,007||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party||7,974||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Democratic Republican Front||7,784||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|AARAKSHAN VIRODHI PARTY||7,697||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhand Samaj Party||7,569||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party (United)||7,561||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party||7,370||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mundadugu Praja Party||7,342||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal||7,325||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Agila India Makkal Kazhagam||7,320||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Naitik Party||7,294||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kanshiram Bahujan Dal||7,255||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Janraj Party||7,210||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janhit Bharat Party||7,192||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|New Democratic Party of India||7,081||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Kranti Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Kranti Party||6,997||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Samanta Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Samanta Dal]]||6,918||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Freethought Party of India||6,884||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Apna Dal||6,840||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)}}| ||align=left|[[Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)]]||6,802||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party||6,736||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party||6,735||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Bhoomi Party||6,730||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|BhartiyaBahujanKranti Dal||6,684||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nationalist Justice Party||6,531||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharateeya Manavadhikar party||6,511||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Hind Fauj||6,508||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party||6,497||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Jana Andolan Party||6,495||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Parivartan Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|Parivartan Samaj Party||6,469||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party||6,395||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Saman Aadmi Saman Party||6,368||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lok Sewa Dal||6,313||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sabka Dal United||6,283||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Maanavvaadi Janta Party||6,267||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Minorities Democratic Party||6,198||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jago Hindustan Party||6,171||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Dalita Bahujana Party||6,133||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh}}| ||align=left|[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]||5,971||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim||5,885||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nationalist People's Front||5,798||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party||5,768||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Shakti Dal||5,758||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Apna Desh Party||5,682||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Nirman Party||5,674||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Republican Sena]]||5,654||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kisan Party of India||5,647||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party||5,540||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Anna YSR Congress Party||5,511||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Awami Samta Party||5,504||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam||5,482||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prithviraj Janshakti Party||5,451||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Uttarakhand Parivartan Party||5,351||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Secular Democratic Congress||5,321||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League (Secular)||5,179||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Annadata Party||5,147||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Anaithu Makkal Puratchi Katchi||5,089||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Swarna Bharat Party}}| ||align=left|Swarna Bharat Party||5,064||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samajik Nyaya Party||5,027||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party||5,017||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka)||4,991||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samaanya Praja Party||4,983||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)||4,923||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha)||4,917||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|People's Party of India(secular)||4,914||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Democratic Party of India (Ambedkar)||4,913||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party||4,897||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi)||4,873||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aasra Lokmanch Party||4,856||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nationalist Janshakti Party||4,847||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Indian Christian Front]]||4,832||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party||4,809||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Atulya Bharat Party||4,737||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Krishak Dal||4,696||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|The National Road Map Party of India||4,672||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Amrit Party||4,632||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prajatantrik Samadhan Party||4,612||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Navbharat Nirman Party}}| ||align=left|Navbharat Nirman Party||4,590||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Manavtawadi Samaj Party||4,498||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Jagaran Party||4,444||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha||4,413||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]||4,402||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ambedkarist Republican Party||4,399||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nava Samaj Party||4,286||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aadarsh Sangram Party||4,283||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Republican Congress||4,278||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navarang Congress Party||4,265||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prajaa Swaraaj Party||4,179||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Anushilan Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Anushilan Party]]||4,164||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Pichhra Samaj Party||4,073||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Manvadhikar National Party||4,071||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mulnibasi Party of India||4,057||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Ulama Congress||4,024||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtrawadi Party of India,||4,016||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Unity Centre||4,003||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Manuvadi Party||3,962||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party||3,944||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Social Justice Party of India||3,927||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)||3,926||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party)||3,919||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Jan Aadhar Party||3,919||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[Socialist Party (India, 2011)|Socialist Party (India)]]||3,916||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party||3,908||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhand Hind Party||3,907||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Women's Party||3,903||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Sangail Party||3,895||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samata Kranti Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Samata Kranti Dal]]||3,877||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|RASHTRIYA VIKLANG PARTY||3,845||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Azad Manch||3,799||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party||3,778||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|VANCHITSAMAJ INSAAF PARTY||3,756||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hindusthan Praja Paksha||3,750||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Seva Sahayak Party||3,731||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Samman party||3,706||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Karnataka Praja Party (RaithaParva)||3,697||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vikas Insaf Party||3,694||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Sahara Party||3,687||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Apna Samaj Party||3,678||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Satya Path Party||3,646||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National League}}| ||align=left|[[Indian National League]]||3,644||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party||3,638||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi]]||3,599||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Adhikar Vikas Party||3,526||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal||3,522||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Panchyat Party||3,449||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aap Aur Hum Party||3,434||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jansurajya Party||3,433||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Adarsh Samaj Party||3,423||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Telangana Yuva Shakti||3,407||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jankranti Party||3,405||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|New All India Congress Party||3,391||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Pragatisheel Lok Manch||3,339||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam||3,337||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kisan Raksha Party,||3,303||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Lok Sewak Party||3,271||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Maha Bharath Party||3,267||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rastriya Insaaf Party||3,265||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Insan Party||3,264||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party||3,186||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtra Nirman Party||3,167||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samdarshi Samaj Party||3,139||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Karnataka Karmikara Paksha||3,084||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party||3,066||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Gorkha Rashtriya Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Gorkha Rashtriya Congress]]||2,952||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samaj Bhalai Morcha||2,917||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi,||2,906||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvshreshth Dal||2,901||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)||2,880||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Yuva Vikas Party||2,858||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Satya Kranti Party||2,857||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Labour Party||2,833||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Republican Party of India (Kamble)]]||2,809||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Swabhiman Party||2,805||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)||2,802||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam||2,764||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Maharashtra Kranti Sena||2,761||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Navnirman Party||2,759||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Sahyog Party||2,756||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sabhi Jan Party||2,751||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Loktantrik Janshakti Party||2,725||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Pragati Party||2,718||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Labour Party||2,707||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch||2,691||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samta Vikas Party||2,688||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janvadi Party(Socialist)||2,640||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party||2,640||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhand Rashtrawadi Party||2,626||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Naam Indiar Party||2,597||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Indira Congress (R)||2,569||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sunder Samaj Party||2,568||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party||2,554||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Tamil Telugu National Party||2,516||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha]]||2,510||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh]]||2,484||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jansatta Party||2,484||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Voters Party||2,478||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mahamukti Dal||2,477||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Nirbhay Bharteey Party||2,449||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mahasankalp Janta Party||2,427||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kisan Raj Party,||2,426||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samajwadi Samaj Party||2,417||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lok Chetna Dal||2,384||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navbharat Ekta Dal||2,371||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janta Raj Vikas Party||2,364||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party||2,360||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party||2,342||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janta Raj Party||2,308||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party||2,291||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Aamjan Party||2,272||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samrat Ashok Sena Party||2,214||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party||2,210||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party||2,142||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hind Congress Party||2,094||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Tripura Peoples Party||2,076||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Swatantra Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|Swatantra Samaj Party||2,069||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janmat Party||2,058||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena]]||2,051||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party||2,041||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sajag Samaj Party||2,041||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Praja Party||2,023||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Andaman & Nicobar Janta Party||2,017||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Karnataka Jantha Paksha]]||2,013||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party||2,012||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi||1,999||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hamro Sikkim Party}}| ||align=left|[[Hamro Sikkim Party]]||1,998||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Bhaichara Party||1,995||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sangharsh Sena||1,987||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Adhunik Bharat Party||1,976||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtrawadi Chetna Party||1,975||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party||1,965||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sanman Rajkiya Paksha||1,961||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party}}| ||align=left|Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party||1,948||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Dal United||1,907||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samajwadi Jan Parishad}}| ||align=left|[[Samajwadi Jan Parishad]]||1,899||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Harit Party||1,886||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party||1,852||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Gondvana Party||1,850||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Minorities Front}}| ||align=left|[[All India Minorities Front]]||1,850||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bundelkhand Kranti Dal||1,849||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Republican Bahujan Sena||1,820||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena||1,812||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party||1,786||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}| ||align=left|[[Manipur Peoples Party]]||1,783||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party||1,777||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Republican Party of India (Reformist)||1,777||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Matadata Party||1,771||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ahila India Dhayaga Makkal Munnetra Katchi||1,765||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Al-Hind Party||1,764||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Garib Dal||1,749||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vishwa Jana Party||1,726||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Independent People’s Party||1,723||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Pravasi Nivasi Party}}| ||align=left|Pravasi Nivasi Party||1,695||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Rashtravadi Samanta Party||1,695||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Shri Janta Party||1,672||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party (Hindustani)||1,669||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Telangana Communist Party of India]]||1,660||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Peoples Party||1,649||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Samrasta Party||1,648||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Naujawan Dal||1,630||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Lokmat Party||1,628||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jammu & Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party||1,612||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party||1,600||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party||1,596||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party||1,574||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh||1,574||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jwala Dal||1,572||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Akhil Bharatiya Sena}}| ||align=left|[[Akhil Bharatiya Sena]]||1,567||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi||1,563||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Shakti Ekta Party||1,557||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal||1,549||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal||1,548||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad,||1,529||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Azad Sena||1,527||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party||1,524||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Forward Democratic Labour Party||1,519||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Republican Paksha (Khoripa)||1,506||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Republican Party}}| ||align=left|[[Sikkim Republican Party]]||1,503||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Praja Satta Party||1,462||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party||1,453||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Engineers Party||1,442||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhapase Party||1,434||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hum Sabki Party||1,432||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Hind Samaj Party||1,431||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party||1,425||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ahinsa Samaj Party||1,424||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janvikas Party (Democratic)||1,414||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prism||1,400||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Jan Sampark Party||1,392||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sabse Achchhi Party||1,360||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prajatantra Aadhar Party||1,346||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Manav Kranti Party||1,344||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navodayam Party||1,341||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kalyankari Jantantrik Party}}| ||align=left|Kalyankari Jantantrik Party||1,336||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Vyapari Party||1,326||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party||1,320||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Puducherry Development Party||1,319||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Fifty Fifty Front||1,308||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Shane Hind Fourm||1,306||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Yuva Sarkar||1,296||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party||1,290||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All Indian Rajiv Congress Party||1,282||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Anjaan Aadmi Party||1,281||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ekta Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|Ekta Samaj Party||1,270||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Bahujan Parivartan Party||1,268||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janta Party||1,264||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Andhra Chaitanya Party||1,263||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal||1,258||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Manipur Democratic Peoples's Front||1,256||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|United States of India Party||1,244||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jharkhand Party (Secular),||1,244||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi||1,229||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtravadi Party (Bharat)||1,225||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Prem Janata Dal||1,223||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Radical Democrats||1,220||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Jan Samman Party||1,218||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party}}| ||align=left|[[Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party]]||1,207||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha||1,184||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navsarjan Bharat Party||1,160||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Development Party||1,138||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navataram Party||1,135||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lokjagar Party||1,135||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Makkalatchi Katchi||1,115||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi||1,108||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvjan Sewa Party||1,085||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Bahujan Party}}| ||align=left|Bharatiya Bahujan Party||1,069||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janwadi Party (Socialist)||1,060||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|New India Party||1,059||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Swaraj Party||1,056||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party||1,055||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|National Youth Party}}| ||align=left|National Youth Party||1,053||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Telangana Sakalajanula Party||1,048||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Nojawan Dal||1,047||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Apni Party||1,044||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hindu Samaj Party||1,014||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujana Raajyam Party (Phule Ambedkar)||1,008||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Ekata Party||1,006||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)||996||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha]]||992||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Navnirman Party||985||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Shiromani Lok Dal Party||984||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party||984||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal||973||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ahimsa Socialist Party||972||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Himachal Jan Kranti Party||970||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Lok Jan Sangharsh Party||968||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Challengers Party||958||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Naujawan Inklav Party||932||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ambedkar Yug Party||921||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Janapaalana Party (Democratic)||913||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All Pensioner’s Party||892||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Nava Kranthi Party||887||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha||885||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Saaf Party||882||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hamari Apni Party||847||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Adarshwaadi Congress Party}}| ||align=left|Adarshwaadi Congress Party||838||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party}}| ||align=left|Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party||829||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Azad Mazdoor Kissan Party||829||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian Gandhiyan Party}}| ||align=left|[[Indian Gandhiyan Party]]||824||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party||822||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|The Future India Party}}| ||align=left|[[The Future India Party]]||820||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Raita Bharat Party||811||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party||811||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Socialist Janata Party}}| ||align=left|Socialist Janata Party||805||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Mangalam Party||798||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janutthan Party||776||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam||748||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party||747||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Suraksha Dal||743||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sarvodaya Prabhat Party||740||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Sarvadharma Samaj Party||735||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Samajtantric Party of India||730||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress||724||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Inqalab Vikas Dal||718||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Adim Bhartiya Dal||716||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jan Sangh Party||712||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party||705||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jansena Party||699||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party||696||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Punjab Labour Party||692||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Universal Brotherhood Movement||689||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|SARVA VIKAS PARTY||688||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Majdoor Kisan Union Party}}| ||align=left|Majdoor Kisan Union Party||687||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Khusro Sena Party||687||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|B. C. United Front||649||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Anaithu Makkal Katchi||645||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akila India Vallalar Peravai||643||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|National Dalitha Dhal Party||628||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Navodaya Party||619||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sikkim United Front||614||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Mahila & Yuva Shakti Party||605||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Democratic Corruption Liberation Front||596||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Backward Party||584||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Fauji Janta Party||564||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Aadarsh Janata Sewa Party||551||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|People’s Union Party||547||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party||535||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Real Democracy Party||532||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Swarnim Bharat Inquilab||527||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Telangana Prajala Party||521||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Kartavya Rashtriya Party||512||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Akhil Bhartiya Lok Dal||503||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bahujan Samyak Party (Mission)||501||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Democratic Party of India||499||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Front}}| ||align=left|Christian Democratic Front||494||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Janta Dal||489||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Lokpriya Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|Lokpriya Samaj Party||478||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Vikas Party}}| ||align=left|Rashtriya Vikas Party||477||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtravadi Kranti Dal||475||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Jai Lok Party||473||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bharatrashtra Democratic Party||472||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party of India Ektavadi}}| ||align=left|Republican Party of India Ektavadi||463||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party||461||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|United Democratic Front Secular||451||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal||447||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch||440||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Bhartiya Janta Dal (Integrated)||435||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist||429||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Sanjhi Virasat Party||419||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All Indians Party||396||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Gareeb Aadmi Party||385||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|All Peoples Party||370||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rajyadhikara Party}}| ||align=left|[[Rajyadhikara Party]]||368||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party||349||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Daksha Party||346||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Tola Party||330||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Corruption Abolition Party||275||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left|Desh Janhit Party||273||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Independent}}| ||align=left|Independent||16,467,341||2.69||4
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|None of the above||6,513,355||1.06||–
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|Vacant||colspan=2| ||1
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]||colspan=2| ||2
|- style=font-weight:bold
|colspan=2 align=left|Total||613,146,768||100.00||545
|-
!colspan=5|
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Valid votes||613,146,768||99.92||
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||509,530||0.08||
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Total votes||613,656,298||100.00||
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||910,512,091||67.40||
|- style=font-weight:bold
|align=left colspan=5|Source: [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ ECI], [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10959-18-partywise-seat-won-valid-votes-polled-in-each-state/ ECI]
|}

==Results By Region==
{| class="wikitable Sortable"
!Region
!States
!Total Seats
!colspan=2|Party
!Won
!Change
|-
|rowspan=8|'''Northern'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/constituency-map | title=Lok Sabha Results Constituency Map: Lok Sabha Election Result with constituencies details along electoral map | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|rowspan=8|[[2019 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu & Kashmir]] (6) [[2019 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] (4) [[2019 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]] (10) [[2019 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]](13) [[2019 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]](5) [[2019 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] (80)
|rowspan=8|'''118'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''86'''
|{{decrease}}6
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|10
|{{increase}}10
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|9
|{{increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}
|5
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|3
|{{increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
|2
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|2
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|1
|{{decrease}}3
|-
|rowspan=7|'''Western'''
|rowspan=7|[[2019 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] (25) [[2019 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]] (26) [[2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] (48) [[2019 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]] (2)
|rowspan=7|'''101'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''74'''
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}
|18
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|4
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|2
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent Politician}}
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|rowspan=2|'''Central'''
|rowspan=2|[[2019 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] (29) [[2019 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]] (11)
|rowspan=2|'''40'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''37'''
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|3
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|rowspan=16|'''Southern'''
|rowspan=16|[[2019 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]] (28) [[2019 Indian general election in Telangana|Telangana]] (17) [[2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] (25) [[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] (39) [[2019 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]] (20)
|rowspan=16|'''129'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''29'''
|{{increase}}8
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|27
|{{increase}}8
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24
|{{increase}}24
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|YSR Congress Party}}
|22
|{{increase}}13
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|9
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}
|3
|{{decrease}}13
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|3
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|3
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|2
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|1
|{{decrease}}36
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent Politician}}
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|rowspan=8|'''Eastern'''
|rowspan=8|[[2019 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]] (40) [[2019 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]] (14) [[2019 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]] (21) [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]] (42)
|rowspan=8|'''117'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''54'''
|{{increase}}17
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|22
|{{decrease}}12
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)}}
|16
|{{increase}}14
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Biju Janata Dal}}
|12
|{{decrease}}8
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party}}
|6
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|rowspan=9|'''North-East'''
|rowspan=9|[[2019 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]] (14) [[2019 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]](1) [[2019 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]](1) [[2019 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]] (2)
|rowspan=9|'''25'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''14'''
|{{increase}}6
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4
|{{decrease}}4
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India United Democratic Front}}
|1
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|National People's Party (India)}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Naga People's Front}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|rowspan=4|'''Union Territories'''
|rowspan=4| [[2019 Indian general election in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]] (7) [[2019 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Dadra & Nagar Haveli]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Daman and Diu|Daman & Diu]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Puducherry |Puducherry ]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman & Nicobar]](1)
|rowspan=4|'''13'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''9'''
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|Total
|29 States and 7 UT
!543
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|}

== Results by State and UT ==

=== Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|45.98%
| +2.28
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|45.30%
| -2.50
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Chandigarh (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Chandigarh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|50.64%
| +8.4
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|40.35%
| +13.55
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|3.02%
| −18
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
| style="background:Silver; width:7.26%;" |'''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|40.92%
| −7.98
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|45.44%
|''New''
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|}

=== Daman and Diu (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Daman and Diu}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|42.98%
| −10.82
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|31.62%
| −11.68
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== NCT of Delhi (7) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Delhi}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (7)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|56.56%
| +10.16
|7
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|22.51%
| +7.41
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|18.11%
| −16.79
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Lakshadweep (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Lakshadweep}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; width:100%;" | '''NCP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|48.61%
| −1.49
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|46.86%
| +0.26
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Puducherry (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Puducherry}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|56.27%
| +29.97
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[All India N.R. Congress]] (NDA)
|31.36%
| −3.24
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|}

=== Andhra Pradesh (25) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#1569C7;width:40.74%;" | '''YSRCP (22)'''
| style="background:#FFFF00;color: #333;width:5%;" | '''TDP (3)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="3" |Seats<ref>[http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/partywise/partywiseresult-S01.htm?st=S01 results.eci.gov.in], [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13571-17-state-wise-seat-won-valid-votes-polled-by-political-parties/ eci.gov.in]</ref>
! colspan="3" |Popular vote{{efn|Compared to the results in post-split Andhra Pradesh constituencies only.}}
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[YSR Congress Party]]
| 25
| 22
| {{increase}}14
| {{formatnum:15537006}}
| 49.89
| {{increase}}4.22
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| 25
| 3
| {{decrease}}12
| {{formatnum:12515345}}
| 40.19
| {{decrease}}0.61
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Jana Sena Party]]
| 18
| 0
| {{no change}}
| {{formatnum:1829346}}
| 5.87
| ''New''
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| 25
| 0
| {{no change}}
| {{formatnum:406977}}
| 1.31
| {{decrease}}1.55
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 25
| 0
| {{decrease}}2
| {{formatnum:303985}}
| 0.98
| {{decrease}}6.24
|-
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left" | Total (valid votes) || – || align="right" | 25 || align="right" | – || {{formatnum:31143712}} || 100.0 || {{no change}}
|-
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters / Turnout || – || – || – || {{formatnum:39405967}} || 80.22 || {{increase}}2.01
|-
|}

=== Arunachal Pradesh (2) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|58.22%
| +10.42
|2
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|20.69%
| −23.01
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Assam (14) ===
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:64.3%;" | '''BJP (9)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:21.4%;" | '''INC (3)'''
| style="background:#00FF00; width:7.14%;" | '''AIUDF (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:7.14%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Assam}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/Party
!colspan="3"|Seats
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="4"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|10
|9
|{{increase}}2
|64,84,596
|36.41%
|{{decrease}}0.09
|-
|{{Party color cell|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|3
|0
|{{no change}}
|14,80,697
|8.31%
|{{increase}}4.51
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bodoland People's Front}}
|[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]]
|1
|0
|{{no change}}
|4,46,774
|2.5%
|{{increase}}0.29
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
!style="background:#fef3e8"|14
!style="background:#fef3e8"|9
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{increase}}2
!style="background:#fef3e8"|84,12,067
!style="background:#fef3e8"|46.78%
!style="background:#fef3e8"| -
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|
|style="background:#ADD8E6"|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|14
|3
|{{no change}}
|63,73,659
|35.79%
|{{increase}}6.19
|-
| -
| -
| {{Party color cell|All India United Democratic Front}}
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 3
| 1
|{{decrease}}2
| 14,02,088
|7.87%
|{{decrease}}6.93
|-
| -
| -
| {{Party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 14
|1
|{{no change}}
| 4,84,560
|4.3
|{{decrease}}5.32
|-
|}

=== Bihar (40) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Bihar}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:40.50%;" | '''BJP (17)'''
| style="background:#003366; width:40%;" | '''JDU (16)'''
| style="background:#0093DD; width:15%;" | '''LJP (6)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:4.52%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|21.58%
| −6.82
|17
|{{decrease}} 5
|-
|[[Janata Dal (United)]] (NDA)
|19.81%
| +4.01
|16
|{{increase}} 14
|-
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]] (NDA)
|7.86%
| +1.46
|6
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] (UPA)
|7.70%
| −0.7
|1
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (UPA)
|16.36%
| 2.74
|0
|{{decrease}} 4
|-
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] (UPA)
| ---
| ---
|0
|{{decrease}} 3
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|10.1%
| −1.1
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Chhattisgarh (11) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:81.8%;" | '''BJP (9)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:18.18%;" | '''INC (2)'''
|-
|}
{{election table|sortable=yes}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 11
| '''9'''
|{{Decrease}}1
| 69,02,477
| '''51.44%'''
|{{Increase}} 1.79%
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 11
| '''2'''
|{{increase}}1
| 55,69,283
| '''41.51%'''
|{{increase}}2.42%
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| 11
| '''0'''
|{{no change}}
| 3,13,261
|'''2.33%'''
|{{Decrease}} 0.31%
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 11
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
| 1,34,18,288
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|-
! colspan="8" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
|1,34,18,288
|98.55
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
|'''1,36,14,553'''
|'''73.79'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| '''1,84,50,225'''
| 100.0
|-
|}

=== Goa (2) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Goa}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:50%;" | '''BJP (1)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:50%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|51.18%
| −2.22%
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|42.92%
| +6.32%
|1
|{{increase}}1
|}

=== Gujarat (26) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Gujarat}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (26)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 62.21%
| +2.10
|26
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|32.11%
| −1.34
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Haryana (10) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Haryana}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (10)'''
|-
|}
{{election table|sortable=yes}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular vote<ref>[17- State wise seats won and valid votes polled by political mad fellow
(PDF)] Election Commission of India, Elections, 2019 (17 LOK SABHA)</ref>
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|BJP}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10
|10
|{{Increase}}3
|73,57,347
|58.21
|{{Increase}}23.51
|-
|style="background: {{party color|INC}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|10
| 0
|{{decrease}}1
|36,04,106
|28.51
|{{Increase}} 5.61
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Jannayak Janata Party}}"|
|[[Jannayak Janata Party]]
|7
| 0
|New
|6,19,970
|4.9
|New
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|8
| 0
|{{no change}}
|4,61,273
|3.65
|{{decrease}}0.95
|-
|Style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}"|
|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]
|10
| 0
|{{decrease}}2
|2,40,258
|1.9
|{{decrease}}22.5
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!
!10
!
!1,26,39,755
!100.0
!
|}

=== Himachal Pradesh (4) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (4)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|69.11%
| +15.80
|4
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|27.30%
| −13.40
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Jammu and Kashmir (6) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50.00%;" |'''BJP (3)'''
| style="background:#FF4545; width:50.00%;" |'''JKNC (3)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|46.39%
| +11.99
|3
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] (UPA)
|28.47%
| +5.6
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party]]
|2.37%
| −18.13
|0
|{{decrease}}3
|-
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (UPA)
|7.89%
| −3.21
|3
|{{increase}}3
|}

=== Jharkhand (14) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Jharkhand}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:78.58%;" |'''BJP (11)'''
| style="background:MediumVioletRed; width:7.14%;" |'''AJSU (1)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:7.14%;" |'''INC (1)'''
| style="background:NavajoWhite;color: #333; width:7.14%;" |'''JMM (1)'''
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|50.96%
| +10.86
|11
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]] (NDA)
|4.33%
|''New''
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] (UPA)
|15.63%
| +2.33
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (UPA)
|11.51%
| +2.21
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Karnataka (28) ===
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:83.28%;" | '''BJP (25)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:5.57%;" | '''INC (1)'''
| style="background:Teal; width:5.57%;" | '''JDS (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:5.57%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Karnataka}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|51.38%
| +8.38
|25
|{{increase}}8
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (NDA)
| ---
| ---
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] (UPA)
|31.88%
| −8.92
|1
|{{decrease}}8
|-
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]] (UPA)
|9.67%
| −1.33
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Kerala (20) ===
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:65%;" | '''INC (15)'''
| style="background:Green; width:10%;" | '''IUML (2)'''
| style="background:Red; width:10%;" | '''CPI M (1)'''
| style="background:Gold; width:7.5%;" | '''KCM (1)'''
| style="background:SaddleBrown; width:7.5%;" | '''RSP (1)'''
|-
|}
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Kerala}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="5" {{Party color cell|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
!rowspan="5"style="background:#ADD8E6"|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|7,596,610
|37.46%
| {{increase}} 6.36%
| 16
| 15
| {{increase}} 7
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
|1,111,697
|5.48%
| {{increase}} 0.94%
| 2
| 2
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
|499,677
|2.46%
| {{increase}} 0.19%
| 1
| 1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KEC(M)]]
|421,046
|2.08%
|{{decrease}} 0.28%
| 1
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#ADD8E6"|Total
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|9,629,030
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|47.48 %
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|{{increase}} 5.50%
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|20
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|19
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|{{increase}} 7
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
!rowspan="4"style="background:#FFE6E6"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|5,266,510
|25.97%
|{{increase}} 4.38%
| 14
|1
| {{decrease}} 4
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|1,233,886
|6.08%
|{{decrease}} 1.51%
| 4
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Party color cell|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF Ind.]]
|655,991
|4.24%
|{{decrease}} 5.01%
| 2
|0
| {{decrease}} 2
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#FFE6E6"|Total
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|7,156,387
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|36.29%
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{decrease}} 3.83%
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|20
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|1
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{decrease}} 7
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="4"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|2,635,810
|13.00%
|{{increase}} 2.67%
| 15
|0
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}
|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|BDJS]]
|380,847
|1.88%
| New
| 4
|0
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Kerala Congress (Thomas)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (Thomas)|KC (T)]]
|155,135
|0.76%
| New
| 1
|0
| {{steady}}
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
!style="background:#fef3e8"|3,171,792
!style="background:#fef3e8"|15.64%
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{increase}} 4.82%
!style="background:#fef3e8"|20
!style="background:#fef3e8"|0
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{steady}}
|-
!colspan=4 |Total
!20,397,168
!100%
!{{increase}} 3.95%
!
!20
!
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh (29) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:94.55%;" |'''BJP (28)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:5.45%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|58.00%
| +4.00
|28
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|34.50%
| −0.40
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Maharashtra (48) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:43.91%;" | '''BJP (23)'''
| style="background:OrangeRed; width:33.5%;" | '''SHS (18)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:5.08%;" | '''INC (1)'''
| style="background:Brown; width:6.34%;" | '''NCP (4)'''
| style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:6.09%;" | '''AIMIM (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:5.09%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{{election table|sortable=yes}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!+/−
!Votes<ref>[17- State wise seats won and valid votes polled by political parties (PDF)] Election Commission of India, Elections, 2019 (17 LOK SABHA)</ref>
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
|Bgcolor=orange|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|25
|23
|{{no change}}
|14,912,139
|27.84%
|{{increase}}0.28%
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|23
|18
|{{no change}}
|12,589,064
|23.5%
|{{increase}}2.68%
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|19
|4
|{{no change}}
|8,387,363
|15.66%
|{{decrease}}0.45%
|-
|bgcolor=cyan|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|25
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|8,792,237
|16.41%
|{{decrease}}1.88%
|-
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}"|
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]]
|1
|1
|{{increase}}1
|389,042
|0.73%
| New
|-
|Bgcolor=blue|
|[[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi]]
|47
| 0
|{{no change}}
|3,743,560
|6.92%
|New
|-
|Bgcolor=lightgrey|
|[[Independent Politician|Independents]]
|
|1
|{{increase}}1
|1,992,817
|3.72%
|{{increase}}0.44%
|-
|
|[[NOTA India|NOTA]]
|48
| -
| -
|488,766
|0.91%
| -
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 48
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
| 5,35,65,479
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|-
! colspan="8" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
| '''5,35,65,479'''
|99.09
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
|'''5,40,54,245'''
|'''60.95'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| '''8,86,76,946'''
| 100.0
|-
|}

=== Manipur (2) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Manipur}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50%;" | '''BJP (1)'''
| style="background:Chocolate; width:50%;" | '''NPF (1)'''
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|34.22%
| +22.32
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Naga People's Front]]
|22.48%
| +2.58
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|24.63%
| −17.07
|0
|{{decrease}}2
|}

=== Meghalaya (2) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Meghalaya}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#db7093; width:50%;" |'''NPP (1)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]](NDA)
|7.93%
| −0.97
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|48.28%
| +10.38
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]](NDA)
|22.27%
| +0.07
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Mizoram (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Mizoram}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
| style="background:Khaki; width:7.26%;" |'''MNF (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Mizo National Front]](NDA)
|44.89%
| +44.89
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 43.26
| -5.33
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Nagaland (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Nagaland}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:crimson; width:7.26%;" |'''NDPP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] (NDA)
|49.73%
|''New''
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|48.11%
| +18.01
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Odisha (21) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Odisha}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkGreen; width:57.14%;" | '''BJD (12)'''
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:38.10%;" | '''BJP (8)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:4.76%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|-
| '''BJD'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|42.76%
| −1.34%
|12
|{{decrease}}8
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|38.37%
| +16.87%
|8
|{{increase}}7
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|13.81%
| −12.19%
|1
|{{increase}}1
|}

=== Punjab (13) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Punjab}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:15.38%;" | '''BJP (2)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:61.53%;" | '''INC (8)'''
| style="background:SpringGreen;color:#333; width:7.71%;" | '''AAP (1)'''
| style="background:Salmon; width:15.38%;" | '''SAD (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|40.12%
| +7.02
|8
|{{increase}}5
|-
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (NDA)
|27.45%
| +7.15
|2
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|9.63%
| +0.93
|2
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|7.38%
| −23.02
|1
|{{decrease}}3
|}

=== Rajasthan (25) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Rajasthan}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:94%;" |'''BJP (24)'''
| style="background:GreenYellow; color:#333; width:6%;" |'''RLP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|58.47%
| +3.57
|24
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]] (NDA)
|2.03%
|''New''
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|34.24%
| +3.84
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== Sikkim (1) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Sikkim}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#9B870C; width:100%;" |'''SKM (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|47.46%
| +7.96
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
|43.92%
| −9.08
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Tamil Nadu (39) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:Black; width:52.51%;" | '''DMK (24)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:20.05%;" | '''INC (8)'''
| style="background:Red; width:5.26%;" | '''CPM (2)'''
| style="background:LimeGreen; width:5.64%;" | '''AIDMK(1)'''
| style="background:LightCoral; width:5.26%;" | '''CPI (2)'''
| style="background:Indigo;color; width:5.64%;" | '''VCK (1)'''
| style="background:ForestGreen; width:5.64%;" | '''IUML (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (UPA)
|32.76%
| +9.16
|24
|{{increase}}24
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]] (UPA)
|12.76%
| ---
|8
|{{increase}}8
|-
|[[Communist Party of India]] (UPA)
|2.43%
| ---
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (UPA)
|2.40%
| ---
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (NDA)
|18.48%
| −25.82
|1
|{{decrease}}36
|-
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]] (UPA)
|1.11%
| ---
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] (UPA)
| ---
| ---
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA)
|3.66%
| −1.84
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (NDA)
|5.42%
| +1.02
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|}

=== Telangana (17) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Telangana}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:HotPink; width:52.94%;" | '''TRS (9)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:23.53%;" | '''BJP (4)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:17.65%;" | '''INC (3)'''
| style="background:Green; width:5.88%;" | '''AIMIM (1)'''
|-
|}
{{election table|sortable=yes}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]{{efn|Compared to the results in post-split Telangana constituencies only.}}
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi
}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|style="text-align:center;" |17
| 9
| {{decrease}}2
| 76,96,848
| 41.71
| {{increase}}6.77
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;" |17
| 3
| {{increase}}1
| 54,96,686
| 29.79
| {{increase}}5.11
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="text-align:center;" |17
| 4
| {{increase}}3
| 36,26,173
| 19.65
| {{increase}}9.19
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" | || style="text-align:left;" |[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|style="text-align:center;" |1
| 1
| {{no change}}
| 5,17,471
| 2.80
| {{decrease}}0.73
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 17
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
| 1,84,52,097
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|-
! colspan="8" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
| '''1,84,52,097'''
|98.55
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
|'''1,86,42,895'''
|'''62.75'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| '''2,97,08,615'''
| 100.0
|-
| colspan="8" align="left" |Source: [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13571-17-state-wise-seat-won-valid-votes-polled-by-political-parties/ eci.gov.in]
|}

=== Tripura (2) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Tripura}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|49.03%
| +43.33
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|25.34%
| +10.14
| 0
| {{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|17.31%
| −46.69
|0
|{{decrease}}2
|}

=== Uttar Pradesh (80) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:70.5%;" | '''BJP (62)'''
| style="background:#FF33CC; width:5.5%;" | '''ADS (2)'''
| style="background:#22409A; width:12.5%;" | '''BSP (10)'''
| style="background:#FF0001; width:6.25%;" | '''SP (5)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:5.25%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|-
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/Party
!colspan="3"|Seats
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|78
|62
|{{decrease}}9
|4,28,58,171
|49.98%
|{{increase}}7.35%
|-
|{{Party color cell|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
|2
|2
|{{Nochange}}
|10,39,478
|1.21%
|{{increase}}0.2
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
!style="background:#fef3e8"|80
!style="background:#fef3e8"|64
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}}9
!style="background:#fef3e8"|4,38,97,649
!style="background:#fef3e8"|51.19%
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{increase}} 7.55%
|-
|rowspan=4 bgcolor={{party color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}|
|rowspan=4 style="background:#FFE6E6"|[[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|Mahagathbandhan]]
|{{Party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|38
|10
|{{increase}}10
|1,66,59,754
|19.43%
|{{decrease}}0.34
|-
|{{Party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|37
|5
|{{Nochange}}
|1,55,33,620
|18.11%
|{{decrease}}4.24
|-
|{{Party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|3
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|14,47,363
|1.69%
|{{decrease}}0.83
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
!style="background:#fef3e8"|78
!style="background:#fef3e8"|15
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{increase}}10
!style="background:#fef3e8"|3,36,40,737
!style="background:#fef3e8"|39.23%
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 5.41%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|
|style="background:#ADD8E6"|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|67
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|54,57,352
|6.36%
|{{decrease}}1.17
|}

=== Uttarakhand (5) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in Uttarakhand}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (5)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Party
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|61.01%
| +5.71
|5
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|31.40%
| −2.60
|0
|{{Nochange}}
|}

=== West Bengal (42) ===
{{main article|2019 Indian general election in West Bengal}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#3CB371; width:52.38%;" | '''AITC (22)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:42.86%;" | '''BJP (18)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:4.76%;" | '''INC (2)'''
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Parties/ Alliance
!colspan="3"|Seats
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| colspan="3" |[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|42
|22
|{{decrease}} 12
|24,756,985
|43.7%
|{{increase}} 4.64%
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| colspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|42
|18
|{{increase}} 16
|23,028,343
|40.6%
|{{increase}} 22.2%
|-
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{Party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}" |
! rowspan="6" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|31
|0
|{{decrease}} 2
|3,594,283
|6.3%
|{{decrease}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
|[[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]
|3
|0
|{{steady}}
|239,218
|0.4%
|{{decrease}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
|4
|0
|{{steady}}
|2,08,275
|0.4%
|{{decrease}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|3
|0
|{{steady}}
|2,27,695
|0.4%
|{{decrease}}
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:#ffe8e8"|Total
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|41
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|0
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|{{decrease}} 2
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|4,269,471
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|7.5%
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|{{decrease}} 16.72%
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| colspan="3" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|40
|2
|{{decrease}} 2
|3,210,485
|5.7%
|{{decrease}} 4.09%
|-
! colspan="4" |Total
! colspan="3" |42
!57,206,313
!100%
!
|-
|}

==Seats won by and valid votes polled for each party, by state==
Based on the published data from the Election Commission of India (ECI) website.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10959-18-partywise-seat-won-valid-votes-polled-in-each-state/ |website= eci.gov.in |title = Party Wise Seat Won And Valid Votes Polled In Each State | access-date= 10 June 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Party name !! Party Type !! State Name !! Total Valid Votes Polled In State !! Total Electors In The State !! Seat Won !! Total Valid Votes Polled By Party !! Percentage(%) Of Valid Votes Polled By Party
|-
| rowspan="25"|Bharatiya Janata Party || rowspan="25"|N || Arunachal Pradesh || 652091 || 803563 || 2 || 379679 || 58.22
|-
| Assam || 17986066 || 22050059 || 9 || 6484596 || 36.05
|-
| Bihar || 40806661 || 71216290 || 17 || 9619548 || 23.57
|-
| Goa || 853203 || 1136113 || 1 || 436650 || 51.18
|-
| Gujarat || 29081964 || 45152373 || 26 || 18091275 || 62.21
|-
| Haryana || 12681536 || 18057010 || 10 || 7357347 || 58.02
|-
| Himachal Pradesh || 3850732 || 5330154 || 4 || 2661281 || 69.11
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir || 3552622 || 7922538 || 3 || 1648041 || 46.39
|-
| Karnataka || 35138682 || 51094530 || 25 || 18053454 || 51.38
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 36910610 || 51867474 || 28 || 21406911 || 58
|-
| Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 23 || 14912139 || 27.59
|-
| Manipur || 1617330 || 1959563 || 1 || 553377 || 34.22
|-
| Odisha || 23794122 || 32497762 || 8 || 9130768 || 38.37
|-
| Punjab || 13765432 || 20892673 || 2 || 1325445 || 9.63
|-
| Rajasthan || 32441064 || 48955813 || 24 || 18968392 || 58.47
|-
| Tripura || 2153172 || 2614718 || 2 || 1055658 || 49.03
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 86481398 || 146134603 || 62 || 42858171 || 49.56
|-
| West Bengal || 57206976 || 70001284 || 18 || 23028517 || 40.25
|-
| Chhattisgarh || 13614453 || 19016462 || 9 || 6902477 || 50.7
|-
| Jharkhand || 14961958 || 22404856 || 11 || 7623987 || 50.96
|-
| Uttarakhand || 4842925 || 7856318 || 5 || 2954833 || 61.01
|-
| Telangana || 18642895 || 29708615 || 4 || 3626173 || 19.45
|-
| Chandigarh || 456568 || 646729 || 1 || 231188 || 50.64
|-
| Daman & Diu || 87469 || 121740 || 1 || 37597 || 42.98
|-
| NCT OF Delhi || 8679012 || 14327649 || 7 || 4908541 || 56.56
|-
| rowspan="18"|Indian National Congress || rowspan="18"| N || Assam || 17986066 || 22050059 || 3 || 6373659 || 35.44
|-
| Bihar || 40806661 || 71216290 || 1 || 3140797 || 7.7
|-
| Goa || 853203 || 1136113 || 1 || 366158 || 42.92
|-
| Karnataka || 35138682 || 51094530 || 1 || 11203016 || 31.88
|-
| Kerala || 20385216 || 26204836 || 15 || 7596610 || 37.27
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 36910610 || 51867474 || 1 || 12733074 || 34.5
|-
| Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 1 || 8792237 || 16.27
|-
| Meghalaya || 1367231 || 1914796 || 1 || 660114 || 48.28
|-
| Odisha || 23794122 || 32497762 || 1 || 3285339 || 13.81
|-
| Punjab || 13765432 || 20892673 || 8 || 5523066 || 40.12
|-
| Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 8 || 5405674 || 12.76
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 86481398 || 146134603 || 1 || 5457352 || 6.31
|-
| West Bengal || 57206976 || 70001284 || 2 || 3210491 || 5.61
|-
| Chhattisgarh || 13614453 || 19016462 || 2 || 5569183 || 40.91
|-
| Jharkhand || 14961958 || 22404856 || 1 || 2338466 || 15.63
|-
| Telangana || 18642895 || 29708615 || 3 || 5496686 || 29.48
|-
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands || 207296 || 318471 || 1 || 95308 || 45.98
|-
| Puducherry || 790760 || 973410 || 1 || 444981 || 56.27
|-
| rowspan="2" | Communist Party of India (Marxist) || rowspan="2" | N || Kerala || 20385216 || 26204836 || 1 || 5266510 || 25.83
|-
| Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 2 || 1018225 || 2.4
|-
| rowspan="2" | Nationalist Congress Party || rowspan="2" | N || Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 4 || 8387363 || 15.52
|-
| Lakshadweep || 47009 || 55189 || 1 || 22851 || 48.61
|-
| Communist Party of India || N || Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 2 || 1031617 || 2.43
|-
| Bahujan Samaj Party || N || Uttar Pradesh || 86481398 || 146134603 || 10 || 16659754 || 19.26
|-
| All India Trinamool Congress || N || West Bengal || 57206976 || 70001284 || 22 || 24757345 || 43.28
|-
| Telugu Desam || S || Andhra Pradesh || 31612534 || 39405967 || 3 || 12515345 || 39.59
|-
| Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party || S || Andhra Pradesh || 31612534 || 39405967 || 22 || 15537006 || 49.15
|-
| All India United Democratic Front || S || Assam || 17986066 || 22050059 || 1 || 1402088 || 7.8
|-
| Lok Jan Shakti Party || S || Bihar || 40806661 || 71216290 || 6 || 3206979 || 7.86
|-
| Janata Dal (United) || S || Bihar || 40806661 || 71216290 || 16 || 8902719 || 21.82
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir National Conference || S || Jammu & Kashmir || 3552622 || 7922538 || 3 || 280356 || 7.89
|-
| Janata Dal (Secular) || S || Karnataka || 35138682 || 51094530 || 1 || 3397229 || 9.67
|-
| Revolutionary Socialist Party || S || Kerala || 20385216 || 26204836 || 1 || 499677 || 2.45
|-
| Kerala Congress (M) || S || Kerala || 20385216 || 26204836 || 1 || 421046 || 2.07
|-
| Indian Union Muslim League || S || Kerala || 20385216 || 26204836 || 2 || 1111697 || 5.45
|-
| Indian Union Muslim League || S || Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 1 || 469943 || 1.11
|-
| All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen || S || Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 1 || 389042 || 0.72
|-
| All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen || S || Telangana || 18642895 || 29708615 || 1 || 517471 || 2.78
|-
| Shivsena || S || Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 18 || 12589064 || 23.29
|-
| Naga Peoples Front || S || Manipur || 1617330 || 1959563 || 1 || 363527 || 22.48
|-
| National People's Party || S || Meghalaya || 1367231 || 1914796 || 1 || 304455 || 22.27
|-
| Mizo National Front || S || Mizoram || 499621 || 792464 || 1 || 224286 || 44.89
|-
| Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party || S || Nagaland || 1006357 || 1213777 || 1 || 500510 || 49.73
|-
| Biju Janata Dal || S || Odisha || 23794122 || 32497762 || 12 || 10174021 || 42.76
|-
| Shiromani Akali Dal || S || Punjab || 13765432 || 20892673 || 2 || 3778574 || 27.45
|-
| Aam Aadmi Party || S || Punjab || 13765432 || 20892673 || 1 || 1015773 || 7.38
|-
| Sikkim Krantikari Morcha || S || Sikkim || 351746 || 434128 || 1 || 166922 || 47.46
|-
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam || S || Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 23 || 13877992 || 32.76
|-
| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam || S || Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 1 || 7830146 || 18.48
|-
| Samajwadi Party || S || Uttar Pradesh || 86481398 || 146134603 || 5 || 15533620 || 17.96
|-
| AJSU Party || S || Jharkhand || 14961958 || 22404856 || 1 || 648277 || 4.33
|-
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha || S || Jharkhand || 14961958 || 22404856 || 1 || 1722635 || 11.51
|-
| Telangana Rashtra Samithi || S || Telangana || 18642895 || 29708615 || 9 || 7696848 || 41.29
|-
| Rashtriya Loktantrik Party || U || Rajasthan || 32441064 || 48955813 || 1 || 660051 || 2.03
|-
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi || U || Tamil Nadu || 42366829 || 58503189 || 1 || 500229 || 1.18
|-
| Apna Dal (Soneylal) || U || Uttar Pradesh || 86481398 || 146134603 || 2 || 1039478 || 1.2
|-
| Independent || Z || Assam || 17986066 || 22050059 || 1 || 764845 || 4.25
|-
| Independent || Z || Karnataka || 35138682 || 51094530 || 1 || 1369087 || 3.9
|-
| Independent || Z || Maharashtra || 54054245 || 88676946 || 1 || 1992817 || 3.69
|-
| Independent || Z || Dadra & Nagar Haveli || 198983 || 250029 || 1 || 97458 || 48.98
|}

===Women performance in elections===
Based on the published data from the Election Commission of India (ECI) website.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13557-24-participation-of-women-candidates-in-poll/ |website= eci.gov.in |title = Participation of women candidate in poll | access-date= 10 June 2020}}</ref>

====Participation====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! State/UT
! Total seats
! Women contestants
! Elected
! Women contestants %
! Elected %
|-
| Andhra Pradesh || 25 || 27 || 4 || 8.46% || 16%
|-
| Arunachal Pradesh || 2 || 1 || 0 || 8.33% || 0
|-
| Assam || 14 || 14 || 1 || 9.66% || 7.14%
|-
| Bihar || 40 || 56 || 3 || 8.95% || 7.5%
|-
| Chhattisgarh || 11 || 23 || 3 || 13.86% || 27.27
|-
| Goa || 2 || 2 || 0 || 16.67% || 0
|-
| Gujarat || 26 || 28 || 6 || 7.54% || 23.08%
|-
| Haryana || 10 || 11 || 1 || 4.93% || 10%
|-
| Himachal Pradesh || 4 || 1 || 0 || 2.22% || 0
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir || 6 || 3 || 0 || 3.80% || 0
|-
| Jharkhand || 14 || 25 || 2 || 10.92% || 14.28%
|-
| Karnataka || 28 || 27 || 2 || 5.65% || 7.14%
|-
| Kerala || 20 || 24 || 1 || 10.57% || 5%
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 29 || 40 || 4 || 9.13% || 13.79%
|-
| Maharashtra || 48 || 79 || 8 || 9.11% || 16.67%
|-
| Manipur || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Meghalaya || 2 || 1 || 1 || 11.11% || 50%
|-
| Mizoram || 1 || 1 || 0 || 16.67% || 0
|-
| Nagaland || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Odisha || 21 || 25 || 7 || 14.37% || 33.33%
|-
| Punjab || 13 || 25 || 2 || 8.99% || 15.38%
|-
| Rajasthan || 25 || 23 || 3 || 9.24% || 12%
|-
| Sikkim || 1 || 1 || 0 || 9.09% || 0
|-
| Tamil Nadu || 39 || 67 || 3 || 7.88% || 7.69%
|-
| Telangana || 17 || 25 || 1 || 5.19% || 3.7%
|-
| Tripura || 2 || 3 || 1 || 13.04% || 50%
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 80 || 106 || 11 || 10.83% || 13.75%
|-
| Uttarakhand || 5 || 5 || 1 || 9.61% || 20%
|-
| West Bengal || 42 || 54 || 11 || 11.59% || 26.19%
|-
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) || 1 || 1 || 0 || 6.67% || 0
|-
| Chandigarh (UT) || 1 || 9 || 1 || 25% || 100%
|-
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) || 1 || 1 || 0 || 9.09% || 0
|-
|Daman & Diu (UT) || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Lakshadweep (UT) || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| NCT of Delhi || 7 || 16 || 1 || 60.60% || 14.28
|-
| Puducherry (UT) || 1 || 2 || 0 || 81.25%|| 0
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''India''' || '''543''' || '''726''' || '''78''' || '''9.02%''' || '''14.36%'''
|}

== Results by constituency ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |State
! colspan="3" |Parliamentary Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2"data-sort-type="number"|Margin
!Margin %
|-
!No.
!Name
!Type
!Candidate
!Colspan=2|Party
!data-sort-type="number"|Votes (Vote%)
!Candidate
!Colspan=2|Party
!data-sort-type="number"|Votes (Vote%)
!
|-
![[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|1
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|GEN
|[[Kuldeep Rai Sharma]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|95,308 (45.95%)
|Vishal Jolly
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|93,901 (45.28%)
|1,407
|0.67%
|-
! rowspan="25" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|1
|[[Araku (ST) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araku]]
|(ST)
|[[Goddeti Madhavi]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,62,190 (52.14%)
|[[Kishore Chandra Deo]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|3,38,101 (31.36%)
|2,24,089
|20.78%
|-
|2
|[[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]]
|GEN
|[[Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,34,544 (45.91%)
|Duvvada Srinivas
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,27,891 (45.34%)
|6,653
|0.57%
|-
|3
|[[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]]
|GEN
|[[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,78,418 (47.32%)
|[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,30,382 (43.39%)
|48,036
|3.93%
|-
|4
|[[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]]
|GEN
|[[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|4,36,906 (35.24%)
|[[Sribharat Mathukumilli|Bharat Mathukumilli]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,32,492 (34.88%)
|4,414
|0.36%
|-
|5
|[[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]]
|GEN
|[[Beesetti Venkata Satyavathi]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,86,226 (47.26%)
|Aadari Anand
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,97,034 (40.07%)
|89,192
|7.19%
|-
|6
|[[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]
|GEN
|[[Vanga Geetha]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,37,630 (43.47%)
|Chalamalasetti Sunil
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,11,892 (41.39%)
|25,738
|2.08%
|-
|7
|[[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
|(SC)
|[[Chinta Anuradha]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|4,85,958 (39.34%)
|Ganti Harish
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,46,163 (36.12%)
|39,966
|3.22%
|-
|8
|[[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]]
|GEN
|[[Margani Bharat]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,82,024 (46.54%)
|Maganti Rupa
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,60,390 (36.82%)
|1,21,634
|9.72%
|-
|9
|[[Narasapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasapuram]]
|GEN
|[[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|4,49,234 (38.1%)
|[[Vetukuri Venkata Siva Rama Raju]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,16,558 (35.33%)
|31,909
|2.77%
|-
|10
|[[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]]
|GEN
|[[Kotagiri Sridhar]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|6,76,809 (50.8%)
|[[Maganti Venkateswara Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,10,884 (38.35%)
|1,65,925
|12.45%
|-
|11
|[[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]]
|GEN
|[[Vallabhaneni Balasouri]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,72,850 (45.99%)
|[[Konakalla Narayana Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,12,612 (41.16%)
|60,141
|4.83%
|-
|12
|[[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]
|GEN
|[[Kesineni Srinivas]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,75,498 (45.04%)
|[[Prasad V. Potluri]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|5,66,772 (44.36%)
|8,726
|0.69%
|-
|13
|[[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]]
|GEN
|[[Galla Jayadev]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,87,918 (43.5%)
|[[Modugula Venugopala Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|5,83,713 (43.19%)
|4,205
|0.31%
|-
|14
|[[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]]
|GEN
|[[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,45,557 (51.75%)
|[[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,91,555 (41.06%)
|1,53,978
|10.69%
|-
|15
|[[Bapatla (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]]
|(SC)
|[[Nandigam Suresh]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|5,98,257 (47.11%)
|[[Malyadri Sriram]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,82,192 (45.84%)
|16,065
|1.27%
|-
|16
|[[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]]
|GEN
|[[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,39,202 (55%)
|Sidda Raghava Rao
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,24,351 (39.01%)
|2,14,851
|15.99%
|-
|17
|[[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
|GEN
|[[Pocha Brahmananda Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,20,888 (55.46%)
|Mandra Sivananda Reddy
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,70,769 (36.22%)
|2,50,119
|19.24%
|-
|18
|[[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjeev Kumar (Andhra Pradesh politician)|Sanjeev Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|6,05,462 (50.85%)
|[[Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,56,395 (38.33%)
|1,48,889
|12.52%
|-
|19
|[[Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantapur]]
|GEN
|[[Talari Rangaiah|Tallari Rangaiah]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|6,95,208 (51.57%)
|JC Pavan Reddy
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,53,780 (41.08%)
|1,41,428
|10.49%
|-
|20
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
|GEN
|[[Kuruva Gorantla Madhav]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,06,602 (52.73%)
|[[Kristappa Nimmala]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,65,854 (42.33%)
|1,40,748
|10.4%
|-
|21
|[[Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kadapa]]
|GEN
|[[Y. S. Avinash Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,83,499 (63.41%)
|[[Adinarayana Reddy|Adi Narayana Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,02,773 (32.6%)
|3,80,976
|30.81%
|-
|22
|[[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]]
|GEN
|[[Adala Prabhakara Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|6,83,830 (53.04%)
|Beeda Masthan Rao
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,35,259 (41.52%)
|1,48,571
|11.52%
|-
|23
|[[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
|(SC)
|[[Balli Durga Prasad Rao]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,22,877 (54.91%)
|[[Panabaka Lakshmi]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,94,501 (37.56%)
|2,28,376
|17.35%
|-
|24
|[[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]]
|GEN
|[[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|7,02,211 (57.27%)
|D K Satyaprabha
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|4,33,927 (35.39%)
|2,68,284
|21.88%
|-
|25
|[[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
|(SC)
|[[N. Reddeppa]]
|bgcolor=#1569C7|
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|6,86,792 (52.04%)
|[[Naramalli Sivaprasad]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|5,49,521 (41.64%)
|1,37,271
|10.4%
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|1
|[[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]]
|(ST)
|[[Kiren Rijiju]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,25,796 (62.02%)
|[[Nabam Tuki]]
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|50,953 (14%)
|1,74,843
|38.02%
|-
|2
|[[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]
|(ST)
|[[Tapir Gao]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|1,53,883 (52.04%)
|Lowangcha Wanglat
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|83,935 (28.38%)
|69,948
|23.66%
|-
! rowspan="14" |[[Assam]]
|1
|[[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
|(SC)
|[[Kripanath Mallah]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,73,046
|[[Radheshyam Biswas]]
|bgcolor=##00FF00|
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|4,34,657
|38,389
|3.62%
|-
|2
|[[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
|GEN
|[[Rajdeep Roy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,99,414
|[[Sushmita Dev]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,17,818
|81,596
|8.60%
|-
|3
|[[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|Autonomous District]]
|(ST)
|[[Horen Sing Bey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,81,316
|[[Biren Singh Engti]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,41,690
|2,39,626
|38.79%
|-
|4
|[[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]]
|GEN
|[[Badruddin Ajmal]]
|bgcolor=##00FF00|
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|7,18,764
|Abu Taher Bepari
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,92,506
|2,26,258
|13.43%
|-
|5
|[[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar]]
|(ST)
|[[Naba Kumar Sarania]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|4,84,560
|[[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
|bgcolor=#FF6600|
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|4,46,774
|37,786
|2.55%
|-
|6
|[[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]]
|GEN
|[[Abdul Khaleque (Assamese politician)|Abdul Khaleque]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,45,173
|[[Kumar Deepak Das]]
|bgcolor=#99CCFF|
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|5,04,866
|1,40,307
|9.62%
|-
|7
|[[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]]
|GEN
|[[Queen Oja]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10,08,936
|Bobita Sharma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,63,330
|3,45,606
|19.59%
|-
|8
|[[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]]
|GEN
|[[Dilip Saikia]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,35,469
|[[Bhubaneswar Kalita]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,96,924
|1,38,545
|9.20%
|-
|9
|[[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]]
|GEN
|[[Pallab Lochan Das]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,84,166
|M.G.V.K. Bhanu
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,41,325
|2,42,841
|20.40%
|-
|10
|[[Nowgong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nowgong]]
|GEN
|[[Pradyut Bordoloi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|7,39,724
|[[Rupak Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,22,972
|16,752
|1.13%
|-
|11
|[[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]]
|GEN
|[[Gourav Gogoi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|7,86,092
|Moni Madhab Mahanta
|bgcolor=#99CCFF|
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|5,76,098
|2,09,994
|14.74%
|-
|12
|[[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]]
|GEN
|[[Topon Kumar Gogoi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,43,288
|Sushanta Borgohain
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,60,635
|82,653
|7.81%
|-
|13
|[[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]
|(GEN)
|[[Rameswar Teli]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,59,583
|[[Paban Singh Ghatowar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,95,017
|3,64,566
|35.90%
|-
|14
|[[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]]
|GEN
|[[Pradan Baruah]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,76,406
|Anil Borgohain
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,25,855
|3,50,551
|27.31%
|-
! rowspan="40" |[[Bihar]]
|1
|[[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valmiki Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Baidyanath Prasad Mahto]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|6,02,660
|Shashwat Kedar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,48,044
|3,54,616
|34.36%
|-
|2
|[[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Paschim Champaran]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Jaiswal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,03,706
|Brijesh Kumar Kushwaha
|bgcolor=#999966|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
|3,09,800
|2,93,906
|29.02%
|-
|3
|[[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]]
|GEN
|[[Radha Mohan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,77,787
|Akash Kumar Singh
|bgcolor=#999966|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
|2,84,139
|2,93,648
|29.38%
|-
|4
|[[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]]
|GEN
|[[Rama Devi (Bihar politician)|Rama Devi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,08,678
|Syed Faisal Ali
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|2,68,318
|3,40,360
|33.88%
|-
|5
|[[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
|GEN
|[[Sunil Kumar Pintu]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,67,745
|[[Arjun Roy|Arjun Rai]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,17,206
|2,50,539
|24.12%
|-
|6
|[[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]]
|GEN
|[[Ashok Kumar Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,95,843
|Badri Kumar Purbey
|bgcolor=#0000FF|
|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
|1,40,903
|4,54,940
|47.21%
|-
|7
|[[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]]
|GEN
|[[Ramprit Mandal]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|6,02,391
|Gulab Yadav
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|2,79,440
|3,22,951
|30.45%
|-
|8
|[[Supaul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Supaul]]
|GEN
|[[Dileshwar Kamait]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,97,377
|[[Ranjeet Ranjan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,30,524
|2,66,853
|24.02%
|-
|9
|[[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]]
|GEN
|[[Pradeep Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,18,434
|[[Sarfaraz Alam]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|4,81,193
|1,37,241
|11.73%
|-
|10
|[[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
|GEN
|[[Mohammad Jawed]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,67,017
|Syed Mahmood Ashraf
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|3,32,551
|34,466
|3.13%
|-
|11
|[[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]]
|GEN
|[[Dulal Chandra Goswami]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,59,423
|[[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,02,220
|57,203
|5.12%
|-
|12
|[[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]]
|GEN
|[[Santosh Kumar (politician)|Santosh Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|6,32,924
|[[Uday Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,69,463
|2,63,461
|22.83%
|-
|13
|[[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
|GEN
|[[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|6,24,334
|[[Sharad Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,22,807
|3,01,527
|26.28%
|-
|14
|[[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]]
|GEN
|[[Gopal Jee Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,86,668
|[[Abdul Bari Siddiqui]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,18,689
|2,67,979
|27.77%
|-
|15
|[[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
|GEN
|[[Ajay Nishad]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,66,878
|Raj Bhushan Singh
|bgcolor=#0000FF|
|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
|2,56,890
|4,09,988
|39.75%
|-
|16
|[[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
|GEN
|[[Veena Devi]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|5,68,215
|[[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,33,631
|2,34,584
|
|-
|17
|[[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]]
|(SC)
|[[Alok Kumar Suman]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,68,150
|Surendra Ram
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|2,81,716
|2,86,434
|
|-
|18
|[[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]]
|GEN
|[[Kavita Singh (Bihar politician)|Kavita Singh]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|4,48,473
|[[Hena Shahab]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,31,515
|1,16,958
|
|-
|19
|[[Maharajganj (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
|GEN
|[[Janardan Singh Sigriwal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,46,352
|Randhir Kumar Singh
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,15,580
|2,30,772
|
|-
|20
|[[Saran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saran]]
|GEN
|[[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,99,342
|[[Chandrika Roy]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,60,913
|1,38,429
|
|-
|21
|[[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]]
|(SC)
|[[Pashupati Kumar Paras]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|5,41,310
|Shiv Chandra Ram
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,35,861
|2,05,449
|
|-
|22
|[[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
|GEN
|[[Nityanand Rai]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,43,906
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor=#999966|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
|2,66,628
|2,77,278
|
|-
|23
|[[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]]
|(SC)
|[[Ram Chandra Paswan]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|5,62,443
|Ashok Kumar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,10,800
|2,51,643
|
|-
|24
|[[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]]
|GEN
|[[Giriraj Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,92,193
|[[Kanhaiya Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|2,69,976
|4,22,217
|
|-
|25
|[[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]
|GEN
|[[Mehboob Ali Kaiser]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|5,10,193
|[[Mukesh Sahani]]
|bgcolor=#0000FF|
|Vikassheel Insaan Party
|2,61,623
|2,48,570
|
|-
|26
|[[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]]
|GEN
|[[Ajay Kumar Mandal]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|6,18,254
|[[Shailesh Kumar Mandal]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,40,624
|2,77,630
|
|-
|27
|[[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]]
|GEN
|[[Giridhari Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|4,77,788
|[[Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|2,77,256
|2,00,532
|
|-
|28
|[[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger]]
|GEN
|[[Rajiv Ranjan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,28,762
|Nilam Devi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,60,825
|1,67,937
|
|-
|29
|[[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]]
|GEN
|[[Kaushalendra Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|5,40,888
|Ashok Kumar Azad
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
|2,84,751
|2,56,137
|
|-
|30
|[[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]]
|GEN
|[[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,07,506
|[[Shatrughan Sinha]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,22,849
|2,84,657
|
|-
|31
|[[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]]
|GEN
|[[Ram Kripal Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,09,557
|[[Misa Bharti]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|4,70,236
|39,321
|
|-
|32
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
|GEN
|[[R. K. Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,66,480
|Raju Yadav
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)]]
|4,19,195
|1,47,285
|
|-
|33
|[[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]]
|GEN
|[[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,73,053
|[[Jagada Nand Singh|Jagadanand Singh]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,55,444
|1,17,609
|
|-
|34
|[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
|(SC)
|[[Chhedi Paswan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,94,800
|[[Meira Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,29,055
|1,65,745
|
|-
|35
|[[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]]
|GEN
|[[Mahabali Singh]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|3,98,408
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor=#999966|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
|3,13,866
|84,542
|
|-
|36
|[[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]]
|GEN
|[[Chandeshwar Prasad]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|3,35,584
|[[Surendra Prasad Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,33,833
|1,751
|
|-
|37
|[[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
|GEN
|[[Sushil Kumar Singh (politician)|Sushil Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,31,541
|Upendra Prasad
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
|3,58,934
|72,607
|
|-
|38
|[[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]]
|(SC)
|[[Vijay Kumar Manjhi]]
|bgcolor=#003366|
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|4,67,007
|[[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
|3,14,581
|1,52,426
|
|-
|39
|[[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]]
|GEN
|[[Chandan Singh (politician)|Chandan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|4,95,684
|Vibha Devi
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|3,47,612
|1,48,072
|
|-
|40
|[[Jamui (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamui]]
|(SC)
|[[Chirag Paswan]]
|bgcolor=#0093DD|
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|5,29,134
|[[Bhudeo Choudhary]]
|bgcolor=#999966|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
|2,88,085
|2,41,049
|
|-
![[Chandigarh]]
|1
|[[Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandigarh]]
|GEN
|[[Kirron Kher]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,31,188
|[[Pawan Kumar Bansal]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,84,218
|46,970
|
|-
! rowspan="11" |[[Chhattisgarh]]
|1
|[[Sarguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sarguja]]
|(ST)
|[[Renuka Singh (politician)|Renuka Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,63,711
|Khel Sai Singh
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,05,838
|1,57,873
|
|-
|2
|[[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]]
|(ST)
|[[Gomati Sai]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,58,335
|Laljeet Singh Rathia
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,92,308
|66,027
|
|-
|3
|[[Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]]
|(SC)
|[[Guharam Ajgalle]]y
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,72,790
|Ravi Parasram Bhardwaj
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,89,535
|83,255
|
|-
|4
|[[Korba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Korba]]
|GEN
|[[Jyotsna Mahant]]
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,23,410
|Jyoti Nand Dubey
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,97,061
|26,349
|
|-
|5
|[[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
|GEN
|[[Arun Sao]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,34,559
|Atal Srivastav
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,92,796
|1,41,763
|
|-
|6
|[[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
|GEN
|[[Santosh Pandey (Chhattisgarh politician)|Santosh Pandey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,62,387
|Bhola Ram Sahu
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,50,421
|1,11,966
|
|-
|7
|[[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]]
|GEN
|[[Vijay Baghel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,49,374
|Pratima Chandrakar
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,57,396
|3,91,978
|
|-
|8
|[[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
|GEN
|[[Sunil Kumar Soni]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,37,902
|Pramod Dubey
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,89,664
|3,48,238
|
|-
|9
|[[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
|GEN
|[[Chunni Lal Sahu]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,16,580
|Dhanendra Sahu
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,26,069
|90,511
|
|-
|10
|[[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
|(ST)
|[[Deepak Baij]]
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,02,527
|Baiduram Kashyap
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,63,545
|38,982
|
|-
|11
|[[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]]
|(ST)
|[[Mohan Mandavi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,46,233
|Biresh Thakur
|bgcolor=00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,39,319
|6,914
|
|-
![[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|1
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra And Nagar Haveli]]
|(ST)
|[[Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar|Mohanbhai Delkar]]
|bgcolor=D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|90,421
|[[Natubhai Gomanbhai Patel|Natubhai Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|81,420
|9,001
|
|-
![[Daman and Diu]]
|1
|[[Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Daman And Diu]]
|GEN
|[[Lalubhai Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|37,597
|[[Ketan Dahyabhai Patel|Dahyabhai Patel]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|27,655
|9,942
|
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Delhi|NCT Of Delhi]]
|1
|[[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]]
|GEN
|[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,19,055
|[[Jai Parkash Aggarwal]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,90,910
|2,28,145
|
|-
|2
|[[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]]
|GEN
|[[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,87,799
|[[Sheila Dikshit]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,21,697
|3,66,102
|
|-
|3
|[[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|East Delhi]]
|GEN
|[[Gautam Gambhir]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,96,156
|[[Arvinder Singh Lovely]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,04,934
|3,91,222
|
|-
|4
|[[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
|GEN
|[[Meenakshi Lekhi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,04,206
|[[Ajay Maken]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,47,702
|2,56,504
|
|-
|5
|[[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North West Delhi]]
|(SC)
|[[Hans Raj Hans]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,48,663
|[[Gugan Singh Ranga]]
|bgcolor=#5BB30E|
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|2,94,766
|5,53,897
|
|-
|6
|[[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi]]
|GEN
|[[Parvesh Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,65,648
|[[Mahabal Mishra]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,87,162
|5,78,486
|
|-
|7
|[[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi]]
|GEN
|[[Ramesh Bidhuri]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,87,014
|[[Raghav Chadha]]
|bgcolor=#5BB30E|
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|3,19,971
|3,67,043
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Goa]]
|1
|[[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]]
|GEN
|[[Shripad Naik|Shripad Yesso Naik]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,44,844
|Giri Raya Chodankar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,64,597
|80,247
|
|-
|2
|[[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
|GEN
|[[Francisco Sardinha]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,01,561
|[[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|1,91,806
|9,755
|
|-
! rowspan="26" |[[Gujarat]]
|1
|[[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kachchh]]
|(SC)
|[[Vinodbhai Chavda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,37,034
|Naresh Maheshwari
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,31,521
|3,05,513
|
|-
|2
|[[Banaskantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banaskantha]]
|GEN
|[[Parbatbhai Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,79,108
|[[Parthi Bhatol|Parthibhai Bhatol]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,10,812
|3,68,296
|
|-
|3
|[[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]]
|GEN
|[[Bharatsinhji Dabhi|Bharatsinhji Dabhi Thakor]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,33,368
|[[Jagdish Thakor]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,39,489
|1,93,879
|
|-
|4
|[[Mahesana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahesana]]
|GEN
|[[Shardaben Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,59,525
|A. J. Patel
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,78,006
|2,81,519
|
|-
|5
|[[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]]
|GEN
|[[Dipsinh Shankarsinh Rathod|Dipsinh Rathod]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,01,984
|Rajendra Thakor
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,32,997
|2,68,987
|
|-
|6
|[[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]
|GEN
|[[Amit Shah]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,94,624
|C. J. Chavada
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,37,610
|5,57,014
|
|-
|7
|[[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East]]
|GEN
|[[Hasmukh Patel (politician)|Hasmukhbhai Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,49,834
|Gitaben Patel
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,15,504
|4,34,330
|
|-
|8
|[[Ahmedabad West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad West]]
|(SC)
|[[Kirit Premjibhai Solanki|Kirit Solanki]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,41,622
|Raju Parmar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,20,076
|3,21,546
|
|-
|9
|[[Surendranagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surendranagar]]
|GEN
|[[Mahendra Munjapara]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,31,844
|[[Somabhai Patel]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,54,407
|2,77,437
|
|-
|10
|[[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]]
|GEN
|[[Mohan Kundariya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,58,645
|Lalit Kagathara
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,90,238
|3,68,407
|
|-
|11
|[[Porbandar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Porbandar]]
|GEN
|[[Rameshbhai Dhaduk]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,63,881
|Lalit Vasoya
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,34,058
|2,29,823
|
|-
|12
|[[Jamnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamnagar]]
|GEN
|[[Poonamben Maadam]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,91,588
|Murubhai Kandoriya
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,54,784
|2,36,804
|
|-
|13
|[[Junagadh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Junagadh]]
|GEN
|[[Rajesh Chudasama]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,47,952
|Punjabhai Vansh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,97,767
|1,50,185
|
|-
|14
|[[Amreli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amreli]]
|GEN
|[[Naranbhai Kachhadia|Naranbhai Kachhadiya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,29,035
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,27,604
|2,01,431
|
|-
|15
|[[Bhavnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhavnagar]]
|GEN
|[[Bharti Shiyal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,61,273
|Manhar Patel
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,31,754
|3,29,519
|
|-
|16
|[[Anand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anand]]
|GEN
|[[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel|Mitesh Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,33,097
|[[Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki|Bharatbhai Solanki]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,35,379
|1,97,718
|
|-
|17
|[[Kheda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheda]]
|GEN
|[[Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan|Devusinh Chauhan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,14,572
|[[Bimal Shah]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,47,427
|3,67,145
|
|-
|18
|[[Panchmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panchmahal]]
|GEN
|[[Ratansinh Rathod]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,32,136
|V. K. Khant
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,03,595
|4,28,541
|
|-
|19
|[[Dahod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dahod]]
|(ST)
|[[Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor|Jasvantsinh Bhabhor]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,61,760
|[[Babubhai Katara]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,34,164
|1,27,596
|
|-
|20
|[[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]]
|GEN
|[[Ranjanben Dhananjay Bhatt|Ranjanben Bhatt]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,83,719
|Prashant Patel
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,94,542
|5,89,177
|
|-
|21
|[[Chhota Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhota Udaipur]]
|(ST)
|[[Gitaben Rathva]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,64,445
|Ranjit Mohansinh Rathwa
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,86,502
|3,77,943
|
|-
|22
|[[Bharuch (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharuch]]
|GEN
|[[Mansukhbhai Vasava]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,37,795
|Sherkhan Abdulsakur Pathan
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,03,581
|3,34,214
|
|-
|23
|[[Bardoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardoli]]
|(ST)
|[[Parbhubhai Vasava]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,42,273
|[[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary|Tusharbhai Chaudhari]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,26,826
|2,15,447
|
|-
|24
|[[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]]
|GEN
|[[Darshana Jardosh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,95,651
|Ashok Adhevada
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,47,421
|5,48,230
|
|-
|25
|[[Navsari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Navsari]]
|GEN
|[[C. R. Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,72,739
|Dharmesh Bhimbhai Patel
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,83,071
|6,89,668
|
|-
|26
|[[Valsad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valsad]]
|(ST)
|[[K C Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,71,980
|Jitu Chaudhary
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,18,183
|3,53,797
|
|-
! rowspan="10" |[[Haryana]]
|1
|[[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]]
|(SC)
|[[Rattan Lal Kataria]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,46,508
|[[Selja Kumari]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,04,163
|3,42,345
|
|-
|2
|[[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]
|GEN
|[[Nayab Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,88,629
|[[Nirmal Singh (Haryana)|Nirmal Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,04,038
|3,84,591
|
|-
|3
|[[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
|(SC)
|[[Sunita Duggal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,14,351
|[[Ashok Tanwar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,04,433
|3,09,918
|
|-
|4
|[[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
|GEN
|[[Bijendra Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,03,289
|[[Dushyant Chautala]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|[[Jannayak Janta Party]]
|2,89,221
|3,14,068
|
|-
|5
|[[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Bhatia]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,11,594
|[[Kuldeep Sharma (politician)|Kuldeep Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,55,452
|6,56,142
|
|-
|6
|[[Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonipat]]
|GEN
|[[Ramesh Chander Kaushik]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,87,664
|[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,22,800
|1,64,864
|
|-
|7
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|GEN
|[[Arvind Kumar Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,73,845
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,66,342
|7,503
|
|-
|8
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]]
|GEN
|[[Dharambir Singh Chaudhary|Dharambir Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,36,699
|[[Shruti Choudhry]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,92,236
|4,44,463
|
|-
|9
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]]
|GEN
|[[Inderjit Singh Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,81,546
|[[Ajay Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,95,290
|3,86,256
|
|-
|10
|[[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]]
|GEN
|[[Krishan Pal Gurjar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,13,222
|[[Avtar Singh Bhadana]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,74,983
|6,38,239
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|1
|[[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]
|GEN
|[[Kishan Kapoor]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,25,218
|Pawan Kajal
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,47,595
|4,77,623
|
|-
|2
|[[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]]
|GEN
|[[Ram Swaroop Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,47,189
|Aashray Sharma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,41,730
|4,05,459
|
|-
|3
|[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
|GEN
|[[Anurag Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,82,692
|[[Ram Lal Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,83,120
|3,99,572
|
|-
|4
|[[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]]
|(SC)
|[[Suresh Kumar Kashyap]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,06,183
|[[Dhani Ram Shandil]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,78,668
|3,27,515
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|1
|[[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla]]
|GEN
|[[Mohammad Akbar Lone]]
|bgcolor=#FF3D3D|
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|1,33,376
|Raja Aijaz Ali
|bgcolor=#3AA1E9|
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]
|1,02,618
|30,758
|
|-
|2
|[[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
|GEN
|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
|bgcolor=#FF3D3D|
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|1,06,750
|Aga Syed Mohsin
|bgcolor=#990099|
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
|36,700
|70,050
|
|-
|3
|[[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]]
|GEN
|[[Hasnain Masoodi]]
|bgcolor=#FF3D3D|
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|40,180
|[[Ghulam Ahmad Mir]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|33,504
|6,676
|
|-
|4
|[[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]]
|GEN
|[[Jamyang Tsering Namgyal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|42,914
|[[Sajjad Hussain Qureshi|Sajjad Hussain]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|31,984
|10,930
|
|-
|5
|[[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
|GEN
|[[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,24,311
|[[Vikramaditya Singh (politician, born 1964)|Vikramaditya Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,67,059
|3,57,252
|
|-
|6
|[[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu]]
|GEN
|[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,58,066
|Raman Bhalla
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,55,191
|3,02,875
|
|-
! rowspan="14" |[[Jharkhand]]
|1
|[[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
|(ST)
|[[Vijay Hansdak]]
|bgcolor=#8A0000|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|5,07,830
|[[Hemlal Murmu]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,08,635
|99,195
|
|-
|2
|[[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]]
|(ST)
|[[Sunil Soren]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,84,923
|[[Shibu Soren]]
|bgcolor=#8A0000|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|4,37,333
|47,590
|
|-
|3
|[[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
|GEN
|[[Nishikant Dubey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,37,610
|[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#EDFB06|
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]
|4,53,383
|1,84,227
|
|-
|4
|[[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
|GEN
|[[Sunil Kumar Singh (Jharkhand politician)|Sunil Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,28,077
|[[Manoj Kumar Yadav (Jharkhand politician)|Manoj Kumar Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,50,206
|3,77,871
|
|-
|5
|[[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
|GEN
|[[Annapurna Devi Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,53,016
|[[Babulal Marandi]]
|bgcolor=#EDFB06|
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]
|2,97,416
|4,55,600
|
|-
|6
|[[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
|GEN
|[[Chandra Prakash Choudhary|Chandra Prakash Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF33FF|
|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]
|6,48,277
|[[Jagarnath Mahto]]
|bgcolor=#8A0000|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|3,99,930
|2,48,347
|
|-
|7
|[[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]]
|GEN
|[[Pashupati Nath Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,27,234
|[[Kirti Azad]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,41,040
|4,86,194
|
|-
|8
|[[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Seth (Jharkhand politician)|Sanjay Seth]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,06,828
|[[Subodh Kant Sahay]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,23,802
|2,83,026
|
|-
|9
|[[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]]
|GEN
|[[Vidyut Mahato]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,79,632
|Champai Soren
|bgcolor=#8A0000|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|3,77,542
|3,02,090
|
|-
|10
|[[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]]
|(SC)
|[[Geeta Koda]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,31,815
|[[Laxman Giluwa]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,59,660
|72,155
|
|-
|11
|[[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
|(ST)
|[[Arjun Munda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,82,638
|Kali Charan Munda
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,81,193
|1,445
|
|-
|12
|[[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
|(ST)
|[[Sudarshan Bhagat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,71,595
|[[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,61,232
|10,363
|
|-
|13
|[[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]]
|(SC)
|[[Vishnu Dayal Ram]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,55,659
|[[Ghuran Ram]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|2,78,053
|4,77,606
|
|-
|14
|[[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]]
|GEN
|[[Jayant Sinha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,28,798
|Gopal Sahu
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,49,250
|4,79,548
|
|-
! rowspan="28" |[[Karnataka]]
|1
|[[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]]
|GEN
|[[Annasaheb Jolle]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,45,017
|[[Prakash Hukkeri]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,26,140
|1,18,877
|
|-
|2
|[[Belagavi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belgaum]]
|GEN
|[[Suresh Angadi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,61,991
|Sadhunavar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,70,687
|3,91,304
|
|-
|3
|[[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]]
|GEN
|[[P. C. Gaddigoudar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,64,638
|Veena Kashappanavar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,96,451
|1,68,187
|
|-
|4
|[[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]]
|(SC)
|[[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,35,867
|Sunita Devanand Chavan
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|3,77,829
|2,58,038
|
|-
|5
|[[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
|(SC)
|[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,20,192
|[[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,24,740
|95,452
|
|-
|6
|[[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
|(ST)
|[[Raja Amareswara Naik]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,98,337
|[[B. V. Nayak]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,80,621
|1,17,716
|
|-
|7
|[[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
|GEN
|[[Bhagwanth Khuba]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,85,471
|[[Eshwara Khandre]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,68,637
|1,16,834
|
|-
|8
|[[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]]
|GEN
|[[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa|Karadi Sanganna]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,86,783
|Rajashekar Hitnal
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,48,386
|38,397
|
|-
|9
|[[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]]
|(ST)
|[[Y. Devendrappa]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,16,388
|[[V. S. Ugrappa]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,60,681
|55,707
|
|-
|10
|[[Haveri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haveri]]
|GEN
|[[Shivkumar Chanabasappa Udasi|Shivkumar Udasi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,83,660
|D. R. Patil
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,42,778
|1,40,882
|
|-
|11
|[[Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad]]
|GEN
|[[Pralhad Joshi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,84,837
|[[Vinay Kulkarni]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,79,765
|2,05,072
|
|-
|12
|[[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]]
|GEN
|[[Anantkumar Hegde]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,86,042
|[[Anand Asnotikar]]
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|3,06,393
|4,79,649
|
|-
|13
|[[Davangere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davanagere]]
|GEN
|[[G. M. Siddeshwara]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,52,996
|H. B. Manjappa
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,83,294
|1,69,702
|
|-
|14
|[[Shimoga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimoga]]
|GEN
|[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,29,872
|[[Madhu Bangarappa]]
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|5,06,512
|2,23,360
|
|-
|15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
|GEN
|[[Shobha Karandlaje]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,18,916
|[[Pramod Madhwaraj]]
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|3,69,317
|3,49,599
|
|-
|16
|[[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]]
|GEN
|[[Prajwal Revanna]]
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|6,76,606
|[[A. Manju]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,35,282
|1,41,324
|
|-
|17
|[[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dakshina Kannada]]
|GEN
|[[Nalin Kumar Kateel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,74,285
|Mithun M. Rai
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,99,664
|2,74,621
|
|-
|18
|[[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]]
|(SC)
|[[A Narayanaswamy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,26,195
|[[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,46,017
|80,178
|
|-
|19
|[[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]]
|GEN
|[[G. S. Basavaraj]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,96,127
|[[H. D. Devegowda]]
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|5,82,788
|13,339
|
|-
|20
|[[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]]
|GEN
|[[Sumalatha|Sumalatha Ambareesh]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|7,03,660
|Nikhil Kumaraswamy
|bgcolor=#138808|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|5,77,784
|1,25,876
|
|-
|21
|[[Mysore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mysore]]
|GEN
|[[Pratap Simha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,88,974
|[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,50,327
|1,38,647
|
|-
|22
|[[Chamarajanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chamarajanagar]]
|(SC)
|[[Srinivas Prasad]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,68,537
|[[R. Dhruvanarayana]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,66,720
|1,817
|
|-
|23
|[[Bangalore Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Rural]]
|GEN
|[[D. K. Suresh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|8,78,258
|Ashwathnarayan Gowda
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,71,388
|2,06,870
|
|-
|24
|[[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]]
|GEN
|[[Sadananda Gowda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,24,500
|[[Krishna Byre Gowda]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,76,982
|1,47,518
|
|-
|25
|[[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Central]]
|GEN
|[[P. C. Mohan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,02,853
|[[Rizwan Arshad]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,31,885
|70,968
|
|-
|26
|[[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
|GEN
|[[Tejasvi Surya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,39,229
|[[B. K. Hariprasad]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,08,037
|3,31,192
|
|-
|27
|[[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|GEN
|[[B. N. Bache Gowda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,45,912
|[[M. Veerappa Moily]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,63,802
|1,82,110
|
|-
|28
|[[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]]
|GEN
|[[S. Muniswamy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,09,165
|[[K. H. Muniyappa]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,99,144
|2,10,021
|
|-
! rowspan="20" |[[Kerala]]
|1
|[[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
|GEN
|[[Rajmohan Unnithan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,74,961
|[[K. P. Satheesh Chandran]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,34,523
|40,438
|
|-
|2
|[[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
|GEN
|[[K. Sudhakaran]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,29,741
|[[P.K. Sreemathy]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,35,182
|94,559
|
|-
|3
|[[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
|GEN
|[[K. Muraleedharan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,26,755
|[[P. Jayarajan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,42,092
|84,663
|
|-
|4
|[[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]]
|GEN
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|7,06,367
|P. P. Suneer
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|2,74,597
|4,31,770
|
|-
|5
|[[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
|GEN
|[[M. K. Raghavan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,93,444
|[[A. Pradeepkumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,08,219
|85,225
|
|-
|6
|[[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]
|GEN
|[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|5,89,873
|[[V P Sanu|V.P. Sanu]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,29,720
|2,60,153
|
|-
|7
|[[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
|GEN
|[[E. T. Muhammed Basheer]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|5,21,824
|[[P. V. Anvar]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|3,28,551
|1,93,273
|
|-
|8
|[[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
|GEN
|[[V.K Sreekandan|V. K. Sreekandan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,99,274
|[[M.B. Rajesh]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,87,637
|11,637
|
|-
|9
|[[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]]
|(SC)
|[[Ramya Haridas]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,33,815
|[[P.K. Biju]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,74,847
|1,58,968
|
|-
|10
|[[Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
|GEN
|[[T. N. Prathapan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,15,089
|[[Rajaji Mathew Thomas]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|3,21,456
|93,633
|
|-
|11
|[[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chalakudy]]
|GEN
|[[Benny Behanan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,73,444
|[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent Vareed Thekkethala]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,41,170
|1,32,274
|
|-
|12
|[[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
|GEN
|[[Hibi Eden]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,91,263
|[[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,22,110
|1,69,153
|
|-
|13
|[[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
|GEN
|[[Dean Kuriakose]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,98,493
|[[Joice George]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|3,27,440
|1,71,053
|
|-
|14
|[[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
|GEN
|[[Thomas Chazhikadan]]
|bgcolor=#CC9900|
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|4,21,046
|[[V. N. Vasavan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,14,787
|1,06,259
|
|-
|15
|[[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
|GEN
|[[A. M. Ariff]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,45,970
|[[Shanimol Usman]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,35,496
|10,474
|
|-
|16
|[[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikkara]]
|(SC)
|[[Kodikkunnil Suresh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,40,415
|[[Chittayam Gopakumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|3,79,277
|61,138
|
|-
|17
|[[Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pathanamthitta]]
|GEN
|[[Anto Antony]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,80,927
|[[Veena George]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,36,684
|44,243
|
|-
|18
|[[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
|GEN
|[[N. K. Premachandran]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|4,99,677
|[[K. N. Balagopal]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,50,821
|1,48,856
|
|-
|19
|[[Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Attingal]]
|GEN
|[[Adoor Prakash]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,80,995
|[[Anirudhan Sampath|A. Sampath]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|3,42,748
|38,247
|
|-
|20
|[[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|GEN
|[[Shashi Tharoor]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,16,131
|[[Kummanam Rajasekharan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,16,142
|99,989
|
|-
![[Lakshadweep]]
|1
|[[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]]
|(ST)
|[[Mohammed Faizal P. P.]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|22,851
|[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|22,028
|823
|
|-
! rowspan="29" |[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|1
|[[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]]
|GEN
|[[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,41,689
|[[Ramnivas Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,28,348
|1,13,341
|
|-
|2
|[[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind]]
|(SC)
|[[Sandhya Ray]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,27,694
|Devashish Jharariya
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,27,809
|1,99,885
|
|-
|3
|[[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]]
|GEN
|[[Vivek Sejwalker]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,27,250
|Ashok Singh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,80,408
|1,46,842
|
|-
|4
|[[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
|GEN
|[[Krishna Pal Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,14,049
|[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,88,500
|1,25,549
|
|-
|5
|[[Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sagar]]
|GEN
|[[Raj Bahadur Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,46,231
|Prabhu Singh Thakur
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,40,689
|3,05,542
|
|-
|6
|[[Tikamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tikamgarh]]
|(SC)
|[[Virendra Kumar Khatik|Virendra Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,72,248
|Ahirwar Kiran
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,24,189
|3,48,059
|
|-
|7
|[[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]]
|GEN
|[[Prahlad Singh Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,04,524
|Pratap Singh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,51,113
|3,53,411
|
|-
|8
|[[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]]
|GEN
|[[V. D. Sharma|Vishnu Datt Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,11,135
|Kavita Singh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,18,753
|4,92,382
|
|-
|9
|[[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]]
|GEN
|[[Ganesh Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,88,753
|Rajaram Tripathi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,57,280
|2,31,473
|
|-
|10
|[[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]]
|GEN
|[[Janardan Mishra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,83,745
|Siddhartha Tiwari
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,70,938
|3,12,807
|
|-
|11
|[[Sidhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sidhi]]
|GEN
|[[Riti Pathak]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,98,342
|[[Ajay Arjun Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,11,818
|2,86,524
|
|-
|12
|[[Shahdol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahdol]]
|(ST)
|[[Himadri Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,47,977
|Pramila Singh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,44,644
|4,03,333
|
|-
|13
|[[Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jabalpur]]
|GEN
|[[Rakesh Singh (politician)|Rakesh Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,26,454
|[[Vivek Tankha]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,71,710
|4,54,744
|
|-
|14
|[[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]]
|(ST)
|[[Faggan Singh Kulaste]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,37,266
|Kamal Singh Maravi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,39,592
|97,674
|
|-
|15
|[[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]]
|GEN
|[[Dhal Singh Bisen]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,96,102
|[[Madhu Bhagat]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,54,036
|2,42,066
|
|-
|16
|[[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]]
|GEN
|[[Nakul Nath]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,87,305
|Nathansaha Kawreti
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,49,769
|37,536
|
|-
|17
|[[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]]
|GEN
|[[Uday Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Uday Pratap Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,77,927
|Shailendra Diwan
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,24,245
|5,53,682
|
|-
|18
|[[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]]
|GEN
|[[Ramakant Bhargava]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,53,022
|[[Shailendra Patel]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,49,938
|5,03,084
|
|-
|19
|[[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]
|GEN
|[[Pragya Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,66,482
|[[Digvijaya Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,01,660
|3,64,822
|
|-
|20
|[[Rajgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajgarh]]
|GEN
|[[Rodmal Nagar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,23,824
|Mona Sustani
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,92,805
|4,31,019
|
|-
|21
|[[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]]
|(SC)
|[[Mahendra Singh Solanki]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,62,429
|Prahlad Singh Tipanya
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,90,180
|3,72,249
|
|-
|22
|[[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]]
|(SC)
|[[Anil Firojiya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,91,663
|Babulal Malviya
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,26,026
|3,65,637
|
|-
|23
|[[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsaur]]
|GEN
|[[Sudheer Gupta]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,47,786
|[[Meenakshi Natarajan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,71,052
|3,76,734
|
|-
|24
|[[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]]
|(ST)
|[[Guman Singh Damor]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,96,103
|[[Kantilal Bhuria]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,05,467
|90,636
|
|-
|25
|[[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar]]
|(ST)
|[[Chattar Singh Darbar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,22,147
|Girwal Dinesh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,66,118
|1,56,029
|
|-
|26
|[[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
|GEN
|[[Shankar Lalwani]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|10,68,569
|Pankaj Sanghvi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,20,815
|5,47,754
|
|-
|27
|[[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]]
|(ST)
|[[Gajendra Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,73,550
|Govind Subhan Mujalda
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,71,040
|2,02,510
|
|-
|28
|[[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]
|GEN
|[[Nandkumar Singh Chauhan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,38,909
|[[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav|Arun Subhash Chandra Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,65,566
|2,73,343
|
|-
|29
|[[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]]
|(ST)
|[[Durga Das Uikey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,11,248
|Ramu Tekam
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,51,007
|3,60,241
|
|-
! rowspan="48" |[[Maharashtra]]
|1
|[[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar]]
|(ST)
|[[Heena Gavit]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,39,136
|K. C. Padavi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,43,507
|95,629
|
|-
|2
|[[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule]]
|GEN
|[[Subhash Bhamre]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,13,533
|[[Kunal Rohidas Patil]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,84,290
|2,29,243
|
|-
|3
|[[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]]
|GEN
|[[Unmesh Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,13,874
|Gulabrao Deokar
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|3,02,257
|4,11,617
|
|-
|4
|[[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver]]
|GEN
|[[Raksha Khadase]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,55,386
|Ulhas Vasudeo Patil
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,19,504
|3,35,882
|
|-
|5
|[[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]]
|GEN
|[[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav|Prataprao Jadhav]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,21,977
|[[Rajendra Shingne]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|3,88,690
|1,33,287
|
|-
|6
|[[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre|Sanjay Dhotre]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,54,444
|[[Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar|Prakash Ambedkar]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]]
|2,78,848
|2,75,596
|
|-
|7
|[[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]]
|(SC)
|[[Navaneet Kaur|Navaneet Rana]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|5,10,947
|[[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,73,996
|36,951
|
|-
|8
|[[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha]]
|GEN
|[[Ramdas Tadas]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,78,364
|Charulata Tokas
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,91,173
|1,87,191
|
|-
|9
|[[Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramtek]]
|(SC)
|[[Krupal Tumane]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,97,126
|Kishore Uttamrao Gajbhiye
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,70,343
|1,26,783
|
|-
|10
|[[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]]
|GEN
|[[Nitin Gadkari]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,60,221
|[[Nanabhau Patole]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,44,212
|2,16,009
|
|-
|11
|[[Bhandara-Gondiya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara-Gondiya]]
|GEN
|[[Sunil Baburao Mendhe]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,50,243
|Panchabudhe Nana Jairam
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,52,849
|1,97,394
|
|-
|12
|[[Gadchiroli-Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gadchiroli-Chimur]]
|(ST)
|[[Ashok Nete]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,19,968
|Namdeo Usendi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,42,442
|77,526
|
|-
|13
|[[Chandrapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandrapur]]
|GEN
|[[Suresh Dhanorkar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,59,507
|[[Hansraj Gangaram Ahir|Hansraj Ahir]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,14,744
|44,763
|
|-
|14
|[[Yavatmal-Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Yavatmal-Washim]]
|GEN
|[[Bhavana Gawali]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,42,098
|[[Manikrao Thakre]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,24,159
|1,17,939
|
|-
|15
|[[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]]
|GEN
|[[Hemant Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,86,312
|Subhashrao Wankhede
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,08,456
|2,77,856
|
|-
|16
|[[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]]
|GEN
|[[Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar|Prataprao Chikhalikar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,86,806
|[[Ashok Chavan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,46,658
|40,148
|
|-
|17
|[[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav|Sanjay Jadhav]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,38,941
|Rajesh Uttamrao Vitekar
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,96,742
|42,199
|
|-
|18
|[[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]
|GEN
|[[Raosaheb Danve]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,98,019
|Autade Vilas Keshavrao
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,65,204
|3,32,815
|
|-
|19
|[[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
|GEN
|[[Imtiyaz Jaleel]]
|bgcolor=#009F3C|
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|3,89,042
|[[Chandrakant Khaire]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|3,84,550
|4,492
|
|-
|20
|[[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]
|(ST)
|[[Bharati Pawar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,67,470
|Dhanraj Mahale
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|3,68,691
|1,98,779
|
|-
|21
|[[Nashik (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nashik]]
|GEN
|[[Hemant Godse]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,63,599
|[[Sameer Bhujbal]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|2,71,395
|2,92,204
|
|-
|22
|[[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]]
|(ST)
|[[Rajendra Gavit]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,80,479
|[[Baliram Sukur Jadhav|Baliram Jadhav]]
|bgcolor=#800080|
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
|4,91,596
|88,883
|
|-
|23
|[[Bhiwandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi]]
|GEN
|[[Kapil Moreshwar Patil|Kapil Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,23,583
|[[Suresh Kashinath Taware|Suresh Taware]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,67,254
|1,56,329
|
|-
|24
|[[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]]
|GEN
|[[Shrikant Shinde]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,59,723
|Babaji Balram Patil
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|2,15,380
|3,44,343
|
|-
|25
|[[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]]
|GEN
|[[Rajan Vichare]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|7,40,969
|[[Anand Prakash Paranjape|Anand Paranjape]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|3,28,824
|4,12,145
|
|-
|26
|[[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]]
|GEN
|[[Gopal Shetty]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,06,678
|[[Urmila Matondkar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,41,431
|4,65,247
|
|-
|27
|[[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West]]
|GEN
|[[Gajanan Kirtikar]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,70,063
|[[Sanjay Nirupam]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,09,735
|2,60,328
|
|-
|28
|[[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East]]
|GEN
|[[Manoj Kotak]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,14,599
|[[Sanjay Dina Patil]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|2,88,113
|2,26,486
|
|-
|29
|[[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
|GEN
|[[Poonam Mahajan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,86,672
|[[Priya Sunil Dutt]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,56,667
|1,30,005
|
|-
|30
|[[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South Central]]
|GEN
|[[Rahul Shewale]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,24,913
|[[Eknath Gaikwad]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,72,774
|1,52,139
|
|-
|31
|[[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]]
|GEN
|[[Arvind Sawant]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,21,937
|[[Milind Murli Deora|Milind Deora]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,21,870
|1,00,067
|
|-
|32
|[[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]]
|GEN
|[[Sunil Tatkare]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,86,968
|[[Anant Geete]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,55,530
|31,438
|
|-
|33
|[[Maval (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maval]]
|GEN
|[[Shrirang Chandu Barne|Shrirang Barne]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|7,20,663
|Parth Pawar
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|5,04,750
|2,15,913
|
|-
|34
|[[Pune (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pune]]
|GEN
|[[Girish Bapat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,32,835
|[[Mohan Joshi (politician)|Mohan Joshi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,08,207
|3,24,628
|
|-
|35
|[[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]]
|GEN
|[[Supriya Sule]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|6,86,714
|Kanchan Kul
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,30,940
|1,55,774
|
|-
|36
|[[Shirur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirur]]
|GEN
|[[Amol Kolhe]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|6,35,830
|[[Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,77,347
|58,483
|
|-
|37
|[[Ahmednagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmednagar]]
|GEN
|[[Sujay Vikhe Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,04,660
|[[Sangram Arun Jagtap|Sangram Jagtap]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,23,186
|2,81,474
|
|-
|38
|[[Shirdi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirdi]]
|(SC)
|[[Sadashiv Lokhande]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,86,820
|Kamble Bhausaheb Malhari
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,66,625
|1,20,195
|
|-
|39
|[[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]]
|GEN
|[[Pritam Munde]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,78,175
|Bajrang Manohar Sonwane
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|5,09,807
|1,68,368
|
|-
|40
|[[Osmanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Osmanabad]]
|GEN
|[[Omraje Nimbalkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,96,640
|Rana Jagjitsinha Padmasinha Patil
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,69,074
|1,27,566
|
|-
|41
|[[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
|(SC)
|[[Sudhakar Bhalerao Shrungare|Sudhakar Shrungare]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,61,495
|Kamant Machhindra Gunwantrao
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,72,384
|2,89,111
|
|-
|42
|[[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]]
|(SC)
|[[Jaisidhesvar Swami]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,24,985
|[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,66,377
|1,58,608
|
|-
|43
|[[Madha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madha]]
|GEN
|[[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,86,314
|Sanjay Vitthalrao Shinde
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|5,00,550
|85,764
|
|-
|44
|[[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjaykaka Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,08,995
|Vishal Prakashbapu Patil
|bgcolor=#7F00FF|
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
|3,44,643
|1,64,352
|
|-
|45
|[[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]]
|GEN
|[[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|5,79,026
|Narendra Annasaheb Patil
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,52,498
|1,26,528
|
|-
|46
|[[Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg]]
|GEN
|[[Vinayak Raut]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|4,58,022
|[[Nilesh Narayan Rane]]
|bgcolor=#FFA500|
|[[Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha]]
|2,79,700
|1,78,322
|
|-
|47
|[[Kolhapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolhapur]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjay Mandlik]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|7,49,085
|[[Dhananjay Mahadik]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|4,78,517
|2,70,568
|
|-
|48
|[[Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hatkanangle]]
|GEN
|[[Dhairyashil Mane]]
|bgcolor=#FF6634|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|5,85,776
|[[Raju Shetti]]
|bgcolor=#7F00FF|
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
|4,89,737
|96,039
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Manipur]]
|1
|[[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
|GEN
|[[Rajkumar Ranjan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,63,632
|Oinam Nabakishore Singh
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,45,877
|17,755
|
|-
|2
|[[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]]
|(ST)
|[[Lorho S. Pfoze]]
|bgcolor=#990066|
|[[Naga People's Front]]
|3,63,527
|Houlim Shokhopao Mate
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,89,745
|73,782
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Meghalaya]]
|1
|[[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]]
|(ST)
|[[Vincent Pala]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,19,689
|Jemino Mawthoh
|bgcolor=#CEF2E0|
|[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]]
|2,67,256
|1,52,433
|
|-
|2
|[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
|(ST)
|[[Agatha Sangma]]
| bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
|3,04,455
|[[Mukul Sangma]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,40,425
|64,030
|
|-
![[Mizoram]]
|1
|[[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]]
|(ST)
|[[C. Lalrosanga]]
|bgcolor=#2E5694|
|[[Mizo National Front]]
|2,24,286
|[[Lalnghinglova Hmar]]
|bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|2,16,146
|8,140
|
|-
![[Nagaland]]
|1
|[[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
|(ST)
|[[Tokheho Yepthomi]]
|bgcolor=#FD4242|
|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
|5,00,510
|[[K. L. Chishi|K L Chishi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,84,166
|16,344
|
|-
! rowspan="21" |[[Odisha]]
|1
|[[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
|GEN
|[[Suresh Pujari]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,81,245
|[[Prasanna Acharya]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,17,306
|63,939
|
|-
|2
|[[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]]
|(ST)
|[[Jual Oram]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,00,056
|Sunita Biswal
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|2,76,991
|2,23,065
|
|-
|3
|[[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
|GEN
|[[Nitesh Gangadev]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,73,770
|Nalini Kant Pradhan
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,64,608
|9,162
|
|-
|4
|[[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]]
|(ST)
|[[Chandrani Murmu]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,26,359
|[[Ananta Nayak]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,60,156
|66,203
|
|-
|5
|[[Mayurbhanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayurbhanj]]
|(ST)
|[[Bishweswar Tudu]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,83,812
|Debashish Marndi
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,58,556
|25,256
|
|-
|6
|[[Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balasore]]
|GEN
|[[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,83,858
|[[Rabindra Kumar Jena]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,70,902
|12,956
|
|-
|7
|[[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak]]
|(SC)
|[[Manjulata Mandal]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,12,305
|Avimanyu Sethi
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,83,502
|28,803
|
|-
|8
|[[Jajpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jajpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Sarmistha Sethi]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,44,020
|Amiya Kanta Mallick
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,42,327
|1,01,693
|
|-
|9
|[[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]]
|GEN
|[[Mahesh Sahoo]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,22,884
|[[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,87,472
|35,412
|
|-
|10
|[[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
|GEN
|[[Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,98,086
|[[Kalikesh Narayan Singh Deo]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,78,570
|19,516
|
|-
|11
|[[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
|GEN
|[[Basanta Kumar Panda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,33,074
|Pushpendra Singh Deo
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,06,260
|26,814
|
|-
|12
|[[Nabarangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabarangpur]]
|(ST)
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|3,92,504
|[[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,50,870
|41,634
|
|-
|13
|[[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal]]
|GEN
|[[Achyutananda Samanta]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,61,679
|[[Mahamegha Bahan Aira Kharbela Swain|Mahamegha Bahan Aira Kharabela Swain]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,12,463
|1,49,216
|
|-
|14
|[[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuttack]]
|GEN
|[[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,24,592
|Prakash Mishra
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,03,391
|1,21,201
|
|-
|15
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|GEN
|[[Anubhav Mohanty]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|6,28,939
|[[Baijayant Panda]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,76,355
|1,52,584
|
|-
|16
|[[Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jagatsinghpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Rajashree Mallick]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|6,19,985
|[[Bibhu Prasad Tarai]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,48,330
|2,71,655
|
|-
|17
|[[Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puri]]
|GEN
|[[Pinaki Misra|Pinaki Mishra]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,38,321
|[[Sambit Patra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,26,607
|11,714
|
|-
|18
|[[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]]
|GEN
|[[Aparajita Sarangi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,86,991
|[[Arup Patnaik]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,63,152
|23,839
|
|-
|19
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
|GEN
|[[Pramila Bisoyi]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|5,52,749
|Anita Subhadarshini
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,48,042
|2,04,707
|
|-
|20
|[[Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampur]]
|GEN
|[[Chandra Sekhar Sahu]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|4,43,843
|[[Bhrugu Baxipatra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,48,999
|94,844
|
|-
|21
|[[Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koraput]]
|(ST)
|[[Saptagiri Ulaka]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,71,129
|[[Kaushalya Hikaka]]
|bgcolor=#006400|
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|3,67,516
|3,613
|
|-
![[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|1
|[[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
|GEN
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,44,981
|Narayanaswamy Kesavan
|bgcolor=#FFC000|
|[[All India N.R. Congress]]
|2,47,956
|1,97,025
|
|-
! rowspan="13" |[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|1
|[[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]
|GEN
|[[Sunny Deol]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,58,719
|[[Sunil Kumar Jakhar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,76,260
|82,459
|
|-
|2
|[[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
|GEN
|[[Gurjeet Singh Aujla]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,45,032
|[[Hardeep Singh Puri]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,45,406
|99,626
|
|-
|3
|[[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]]
|GEN
|[[Jasbir Singh Gill]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,59,710
|[[Bibi Jagir Kaur]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,19,137
|1,40,573
|
|-
|4
|[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]
|(SC)
|[[Santokh Singh Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,85,712
|[[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,66,221
|19,491
|
|-
|5
|[[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Som Prakash]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,21,320
|Raj Kumar Chhabbewal
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,72,790
|48,530
|
|-
|6
|[[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]]
|GEN
|[[Manish Tiwari]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,28,045
|[[Prem Singh Chandumajra]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,81,161
|46,884
|
|-
|7
|[[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]]
|GEN
|[[Ravneet Singh Bittu]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,83,795
|[[Simarjit Singh Bains]]
|bgcolor=#800000|
|[[Lok Insaaf Party]]
|3,07,423
|76,372
|
|-
|8
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|(SC)
|[[Amar Singh (Punjab politician)|Amar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,11,651
|[[Darbara Singh|Darbara Singh Guru]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,17,753
|93,898
|
|-
|9
|[[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
|(SC)
|[[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Muhammad Sadiq]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,19,065
|[[Gulzar Singh Ranike]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,35,809
|83,256
|
|-
|10
|[[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozpur]]
|GEN
|[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|6,33,427
|[[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,34,577
|1,98,850
|
|-
|11
|[[Bathinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]]
|GEN
|[[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|4,92,824
|[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,71,052
|21,772
|
|-
|12
|[[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
|GEN
|[[Bhagwant Mann]]
|bgcolor=#5BB30E|
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|4,13,561
|[[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,03,350
|1,10,211
|
|-
|13
|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
|GEN
|[[Preneet Kaur]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,32,027
|[[Surjit Singh Rakhra]]
|bgcolor=#BD710F|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|3,69,309
|1,62,718
|
|-
! rowspan="25" |[[Rajasthan]]
|1
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]]
|(SC)
|[[Nihalchand]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,97,177
|[[Bharat Ram Meghwal]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,90,199
|4,06,978
|
|-
|2
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|(SC)
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,57,743
|Madan Gopal Meghwal
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,93,662
|2,64,081
|
|-
|3
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|GEN
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,92,999
|Rafique Mandelia
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,58,597
|3,34,402
|
|-
|4
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|GEN
|[[Narendra Kumar (politician)|Narendra Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,38,163
|[[Sharwan Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,35,616
|3,02,547
|
|-
|5
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|GEN
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,72,104
|[[Subhash Maharia]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,74,948
|2,97,156
|
|-
|6
|[[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
|GEN
|[[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,20,132
|[[Krishna Poonia]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,26,961
|3,93,171
|
|-
|7
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|GEN
|[[Ramcharan Bohara]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,24,065
|[[Jyoti Khandelwal]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,93,439
|4,30,626
|
|-
|8
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|GEN
|[[Balak Nath]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,60,201
|[[Bhanwar Jitendra Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,30,230
|3,29,971
|
|-
|9
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Ranjeeta Koli]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,07,992
|Abhijeet Kumar Jatav
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,89,593
|3,18,399
|
|-
|10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Manoj Rajoria]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,26,443
|Sanjay Kumar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,28,761
|97,682
|
|-
|11
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|(ST)
|[[Jaskaur Meena]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,48,733
|Savita Meena
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,70,289
|78,444
|
|-
|12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|GEN
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,44,319
|[[Namo Narain Meena]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,33,028
|1,11,291
|
|-
|13
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|GEN
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,15,076
|Riju Jhunjhunwala
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,98,652
|4,16,424
|
|-
|14
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|GEN
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|bgcolor=#DBE934|
|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]
|6,60,051
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,78,791
|1,81,260
|
|-
|15
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|GEN
|[[P. P. Chaudhary|P P Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,00,149
|[[Badri Ram Jakhar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,18,552
|4,81,597
|
|-
|16
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|GEN
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,88,888
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,14,448
|2,74,440
|
|-
|17
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|GEN
|[[Kailash Choudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,46,526
|[[Manvendra Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,22,718
|3,23,808
|
|-
|18
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
|(SC)
|[[Devji Patel|Devaji Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,72,833
|[[Ratan Dewasi (Desai)|Ratan Dewasi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,11,723
|2,61,110
|
|-
|19
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|(ST)
|[[Arjunlal Meena]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,71,548
|Raghuvir Singh Meena
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,33,634
|4,37,914
|
|-
|20
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]]
|(ST)
|[[Kanak Mal Katara]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,11,709
|[[Tarachand Bhagora]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,06,245
|3,05,464
|
|-
|21
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|GEN
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,82,942
|[[Gopal Singh Shekhawat]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,06,695
|5,76,247
|
|-
|22
|[[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
|GEN
|[[Diya Kumari]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,63,039
|Devkinandan Kaka
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,11,123
|5,51,916
|
|-
|23
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|GEN
|[[Subhash Chandra Baheria]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,38,160
|Ram Pal Sharma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,26,160
|6,12,000
|
|-
|24
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|GEN
|[[Om Birla]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,00,051
|Ram Narain Meena
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,20,374
|2,79,677
|
|-
|25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|GEN
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,87,400
|Pramod Sharma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,33,472
|4,53,928
|
|-
![[Sikkim]]
|1
|[[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|GEN
|[[Indra Hang Subba]]
|bgcolor=#ED1E26|
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|1,66,922
|Dek Bahadur Katwal
|bgcolor=#FFFC06|
|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
|1,54,489
|12,433
|
|-
! rowspan="39" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1
|[[Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvallur]]
|GEN
|[[K. Jayakumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|7,67,292
|[[Ponnusamy Venugopal]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,10,337
|3,56,955
|
|-
|2
|[[Chennai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai North]]
|GEN
|[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,90,986
|[[R. Mohan Raj|R. Mohanraj]]
|bgcolor=#FFE600|
|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]
|1,29,468
|4,61,518
|
|-
|3
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]]
|GEN
|[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,64,872
|[[J. Jayavardhan]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,02,649
|2,62,223
|
|-
|4
|[[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai Central]]
|GEN
|[[Dayanidhi Maran]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,48,911
|[[Sam Paul (entrepreneur)|Sam Paul S. R.]]
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|1,47,391
|3,01,520
|
|-
|5
|[[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
|(SC)
|[[T R Baalu]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|7,93,281
|Vaithilingam A
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|2,85,326
|5,07,955
|
|-
|6
|[[Kancheepuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kancheepuram]]
|(SC)
|[[G. Selvam]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,84,004
|[[K. Maragatham]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,97,372
|2,86,632
|
|-
|7
|[[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]]
|(SC)
|[[S. Jagathrakshakan]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,72,190
|[[A. K. Moorthy]]
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|3,43,234
|3,28,956
|
|-
|8
|[[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]]
|(SC)
|[[Kathir Anand|D. M. Kathir Anand]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,85,340
|[[A. C. Shanmugam]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,77,199
|8,141
|
|-
|9
|[[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]]
|GEN
|[[A. Chellakumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,11,298
|[[K. P. Munusamy]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,54,533
|1,56,765
|
|-
|10
|[[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]]
|GEN
|[[S. Senthilkumar (Dharmapuri)|Dr S Senthil Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,74,988
|[[Anbumani Ramadoss]]
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|5,04,235
|70,753
|
|-
|11
|[[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]]
|GEN
|[[C. N. Annadurai]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,66,272
|Agri Krishnamurthy S S
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,62,085
|3,04,187
|
|-
|12
|[[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arani]]
|GEN
|[[M. K. Vishnu Prasad]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,17,760
|[[V. Elumalai]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,86,954
|2,30,806
|
|-
|13
|[[Viluppuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Viluppuram]]
|GEN
|[[D. Ravikumar]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,59,585
|Vadivel Ravanan
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|4,31,517
|1,28,068
|
|-
|14
|[[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kallakurichi]]
|GEN
|[[Gautam Sigamani|Gautham Sigamani Pon]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|7,21,713
|Sudhish L K
|bgcolor=#FFE600|
|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]
|3,21,794
|3,99,919
|
|-
|15
|[[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]]
|GEN
|[[S. R. Parthiban]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,06,302
|K. R. S. Saravanan
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,59,376
|1,46,926
|
|-
|16
|[[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]]
|GEN
|[[A.K.P. Chinraj]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,26,293
|Kaliappan
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,61,142
|2,65,151
|
|-
|17
|[[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]]
|GEN
|[[A. Ganeshamurthi]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,63,591
|G. Manimaran
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,52,973
|2,10,618
|
|-
|18
|[[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]]
|GEN
|[[K. Subbarayan]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|5,08,725
|[[M. S. M. Anandan]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,15,357
|93,368
|
|-
|19
|[[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]]
|GEN
|[[A. Raja]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,47,832
|Thiyagarajan M.
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,42,009
|2,05,823
|
|-
|20
|[[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]]
|GEN
|[[P.R. Natarajan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|5,71,150
|[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,92,007
|1,79,143
|
|-
|21
|[[Pollachi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pollachi]]
|GEN
|[[K. Shamugasundaram]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,54,230
|[[C. Mahendran]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,78,347
|1,75,883
|
|-
|22
|[[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
|GEN
|[[P. Veluchamy]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|7,46,523
|K. Jothimuthu
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|2,07,551
|5,38,972
|
|-
|23
|[[Karur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karur]]
|GEN
|[[Jothimani|S.Jothimani]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,95,697
|[[M. Thambidurai]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|2,75,151
|4,20,546
|
|-
|24
|[[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli]]
|GEN
|[[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,21,285
|V. Elangovan
|bgcolor=#FFE600|
|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]
|1,61,999
|4,59,286
|
|-
|25
|[[Perambalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Perambalur]]
|GEN
|[[T. R. Paarivendhar]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|6,83,697
|[[N. R. Sivapathi]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|2,80,179
|4,03,518
|
|-
|26
|[[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]]
|GEN
|[[T.R.V.S. Ramesh]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,22,160
|R. Govindasamy
|bgcolor=#99FF00|
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|3,78,177
|1,43,983
|
|-
|27
|[[Chidambaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chidambaram]]
|(SC)
|[[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
|bgcolor=#1E90FF|
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|5,00,229
|Chandrasekar P.
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,97,010
|3,219
|
|-
|28
|[[Mayiladuthurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuthurai]]
|GEN
|[[S. Ramalingam]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,99,292
|Asaimani S
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,37,978
|2,61,314
|
|-
|29
|[[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]
|(SC)
|[[M. Selvaraj]]
|bgcolor=#FF4A4A|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|5,22,892
|[[M. Saravanan (film director)|M. Saravanan]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,11,539
|2,11,353
|
|-
|30
|[[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]]
|(SC)
|[[S S Palanimanickam]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,88,978
|[[N. V. Natarajan]]
|bgcolor=#FF4500|
|[[Tamil Maanila Congress|Tamil Maanila Congress (M)]]
|2,20,849
|3,68,129
|
|-
|31
|[[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
|GEN
|[[Karti Chidambaram|Karti P Chidambaram]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,66,104
|[[H. Raja]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,33,860
|3,32,244
|
|-
|32
|[[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
|GEN
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|4,47,075
|Raj Satyen V. V. R.
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,07,680
|1,39,395
|
|-
|33
|[[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]]
|GEN
|[[P. Raveendranath Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,04,813
|[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,28,120
|76,693
|
|-
|34
|[[Virudhunagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Virudhunagar]]
|GEN
|[[Manicka Tagore|Manickam Tagore]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,70,883
|Alagarsamy
|bgcolor=#FFE600|
|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]
|3,16,329
|1,54,554
|
|-
|35
|[[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramanathapuram]]
|GEN
|[[Navaskani]]
|bgcolor=#008000|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|4,69,943
|[[Nainar Nagendran]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,42,821
|1,27,122
|
|-
|36
|[[Thoothukkudi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thoothukkudi]]
|GEN
|[[Kanimozhi]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,63,143
|[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,15,934
|3,47,209
|
|-
|37
|[[Tenkasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenkasi]]
|GEN
|[[Dhanush M. Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4,76,156
|[[K. Krishnasamy]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,55,870
|1,20,286
|
|-
|38
|[[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]]
|GEN
|[[S. Gnanathiraviam]]
|bgcolor=#DD1100|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|5,22,623
|[[P. H. Paul Manoj Pandian]]
|bgcolor=#007500|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3,37,166
|1,85,457
|
|-
|39
|[[Kanyakumari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanyakumari]]
|GEN
|[[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,27,235
|[[Pon Radhakrishnan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,67,302
|2,59,933
|
|-
! rowspan="17" |[[Telangana]]
|1
|[[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]]
|(ST)
|[[Soyam Bapu Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,77,374
|[[Godam Nagesh]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|3,18,814
|58,560
|
|-
|2
|[[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]]
|(SC)
|[[Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,41,321
|Agam Chandrasekhar
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,46,141
|95,180
|
|-
|3
|[[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]]
|GEN
|[[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,98,276
|[[Boianapalli Vinod Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,08,768
|89,508
|
|-
|4
|[[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]]
|GEN
|[[Arvind Dharmapuri]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,80,584
|[[Kalvakuntla Kavitha]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,09,709
|70,875
|
|-
|5
|[[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Zahirabad]]
|GEN
|[[B. B. Patil]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,34,244
|Madan Mohan Rao
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,28,015
|6,229
|
|-
|6
|[[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]
|GEN
|[[Kotha Prabhakar Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,96,048
|Anil Kumar Gali
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,79,621
|3,16,427
|
|-
|7
|[[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]
|GEN
|[[Anumula Revanth Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|6,03,748
|Marri Rajasekhar Reddy
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,92,829
|10,919
|
|-
|8
|[[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
|GEN
|[[G. Kishan Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,84,780
|Talasani Sai Kiran Yadav
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|3,22,666
|62,114
|
|-
|9
|[[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]]
|GEN
|[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|bgcolor=#009F3C|
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|5,17,471
|Bhagavanth Rao
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2,35,285
|2,82,186
|
|-
|10
|[[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]]
|GEN
|[[G. Ranjith Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,28,148
|[[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,13,831
|14,317
|
|-
|11
|[[Mahbubnagar (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mahbubnagar]]
|GEN
|[[Manne Srinivas Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,11,402
|[[D. K. Aruna]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,33,573
|77,829
|
|-
|12
|[[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]]
|(SC)
|[[Pothuganti Ramulu]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,99,672
|[[Mallu Ravi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,09,924
|1,89,748
|
|-
|13
|[[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]]
|GEN
|[[Nalamada Uttam Kumar Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,26,028
|Vemireddy Narasimha Reddy
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,00,346
|25,682
|
|-
|14
|[[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhongir]]
|GEN
|[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,32,795
|[[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,27,576
|5,219
|
|-
|15
|[[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]]
|(SC)
|[[Dayakar Pasunoori]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|6,12,498
|Dommati Sambaiah
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,62,200
|3,50,298
|
|-
|16
|[[Mahabubabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubabad]]
|(ST)
|[[Kavitha Maloth]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|4,62,109
|Balaram Naik Porika
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,15,446
|1,46,663
|
|-
|17
|[[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]]
|GEN
|[[Nama Nageswara Rao]]
|bgcolor=#FFC0CB|
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|5,67,459
|[[Renuka Chowdhury]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,99,397
|1,68,062
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Tripura]]
|1
|[[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
|GEN
|[[Pratima Bhowmik]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,73,532
|Subal Bhowmick
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,67,843
|3,05,689
|
|-
|2
|[[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]]
|(ST)
|[[Rebati Tripura]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,82,126
|Pragya Deb Burman
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,77,836
|2,04,290
|
|-
! rowspan="80" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1
|[[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur]]
|GEN
|[[Haji Fazlur Rehman]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,14,139
|[[Raghav Lakhanpal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,91,722
|22,417
|
|-
|2
|[[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kairana]]
|GEN
|[[Pradeep Choudhary|Pradeep Kumar Choudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,66,961
|[[Begum Tabassum Hasan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,74,801
|92,160
|
|-
|3
|[[Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]]
|GEN
|[[Sanjeev Balyan|Sanjeev Kumar Balyan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,73,780
|[[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]
|bgcolor=#330066|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|5,67,254
|6,526
|
|-
|4
|[[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]]
|GEN
|[[Malook Nagar]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,61,045
|[[Bharatendra Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,91,104
|69,941
|
|-
|5
|[[Nagina (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagina]]
|(SC)
|[[Girish Chandra]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,68,378
|[[Yashwant Singh (Lok Sabha member)|Yashwant Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,01,546
|1,66,832
|
|-
|6
|[[Moradabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Moradabad]]
|GEN
|[[S. T. Hasan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|6,49,416
|[[Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,51,538
|97,878
|
|-
|7
|[[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]]
|GEN
|[[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|5,59,177
|[[Jaya Prada]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,49,180
|1,09,997
|
|-
|8
|[[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambhal]]
|GEN
|[[Shafiqur Rahman Barq|Shafiqur Rehman Barq]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|6,58,006
|Parameshwar Lal Saini
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,83,180
|1,74,826
|
|-
|9
|[[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]]
|GEN
|[[Kunwar Danish Ali]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|6,01,082
|[[Kanwar Singh Tanwar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,37,834
|63,248
|
|-
|10
|[[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]]
|GEN
|[[Rajendra Agrawal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,86,184
|Hazi Mohammad Yakoob
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,81,455
|4,729
|
|-
|11
|[[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]]
|GEN
|[[Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Satya Pal Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,25,789
|[[Jayant Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor=#330066|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|5,02,287
|23,502
|
|-
|12
|[[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghaziabad]]
|GEN
|[[V. K. Singh|General Vijay Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|9,44,503
|[[Suresh Bansal]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,43,003
|5,01,500
|
|-
|13
|[[Gautam Buddh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Mahesh Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,30,812
|[[Satveer Singh Gurjar]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,93,890
|3,36,922
|
|-
|14
|[[Bulandshahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulandshahr]]
|(SC)
|[[Bhola Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,81,321
|[[Yogesh Verma]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,91,264
|2,90,057
|
|-
|15
|[[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aligarh]]
|GEN
|[[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,56,215
|Ajeet Baliyan
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,26,954
|2,29,261
|
|-
|16
|[[Hathras (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hathras]]
|(SC)
|[[Rajvir Singh Diler]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,84,299
|[[Ram Ji Lal Suman]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,24,091
|2,60,208
|
|-
|17
|[[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]]
|GEN
|[[Hema Malini]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,71,293
|Kunwar Narendra Singh
|bgcolor=#330066|
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|3,77,822
|2,93,471
|
|-
|18
|[[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]]
|(SC)
|[[S. P. Singh Baghel|Satya Pal Singh Baghel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,46,875
|Manoj Kumar Soni
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,35,329
|2,11,546
|
|-
|19
|[[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]]
|GEN
|[[Rajkumar Chahar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,67,147
|[[Raj Babbar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,72,082
|4,95,065
|
|-
|20
|[[Firozabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozabad]]
|GEN
|[[Chandra Sen Jadon]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,95,819
|[[Akshay Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,67,038
|28,781
|
|-
|21
|[[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]]
|GEN
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|5,24,926
|Prem Singh Shakya
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,30,537
|94,389
|
|-
|22
|[[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etah]]
|GEN
|[[Rajveer Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,45,348
|[[Devendra Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,22,678
|1,22,670
|
|-
|23
|[[Badaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Badaun]]
|GEN
|[[Sanghmitra Maurya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,11,352
|[[Dharmendra Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,92,898
|18,454
|
|-
|24
|[[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]]
|GEN
|[[Dharmendra Kashyap]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,37,675
|[[Ruchi Veera]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,23,932
|1,13,743
|
|-
|25
|[[Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bareilly]]
|GEN
|[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,65,270
|[[Bhagwat Saran Gangwar]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,97,988
|1,67,282
|
|-
|26
|[[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
|GEN
|[[Varun Gandhi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,04,549
|[[Hemraj Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,48,922
|2,55,627
|
|-
|27
|[[Shahjahanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahjahanpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Arun Kumar Sagar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,88,990
|Amar Chandra Jauhar
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,20,572
|2,68,418
|
|-
|28
|[[Kheri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheri]]
|GEN
|[[Ajay Kumar Mishra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,09,589
|Purvi Verma
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,90,782
|2,18,807
|
|-
|29
|[[Dhaurahra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhaurahra]]
|GEN
|[[Rekha Verma (born 1973)|Rekha Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,12,905
|Arshad Iliyas Siddiqui
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,52,294
|1,60,611
|
|-
|30
|[[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]]
|GEN
|[[Rajesh Verma (Sitapur politician)|Rajesh Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,14,528
|[[Nakul Dubey]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,13,695
|1,00,833
|
|-
|31
|[[Hardoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardoi]]
|(SC)
|[[Jai Prakash|Jai Prakash Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,68,143
|[[Usha Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,35,669
|1,32,474
|
|-
|32
|[[Misrikh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Misrikh]]
|(SC)
|[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,34,429
|Neelu Satyarthi
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,33,757
|1,00,672
|
|-
|33
|[[Unnao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Unnao]]
|GEN
|[[Sakshi Maharaj]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,03,507
|Arun Shankar Shukla
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,02,551
|4,00,956
|
|-
|34
|[[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]]
|(SC)
|[[Kaushal Kishore (politician)|Kaushal Kishore]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,29,748
|C. L. Verma
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,39,519
|90,229
|
|-
|35
|[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
|GEN
|[[Rajnath Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,33,026
|[[Poonam Sinha]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|2,85,724
|3,47,302
|
|-
|36
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|GEN
|[[Sonia Gandhi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,34,918
|Dinesh Pratap Singh
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,67,740
|1,67,178
|
|-
|37
|[[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
|GEN
|[[Smriti Irani]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,68,514
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,13,394
|55,120
|
|-
|38
|[[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]]
|GEN
|[[Maneka Gandhi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,59,196
|Chandrabhadra Singh
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,44,670
|14,526
|
|-
|39
|[[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh]]
|GEN
|[[Sangam Lal Gupta]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,36,291
|Ashok Tripathi
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,18,539
|1,17,752
|
|-
|40
|[[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]]
|GEN
|[[Mukesh Rajput]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,69,880
|Manoj Agarwal
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,48,178
|2,21,702
|
|-
|41
|[[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
|(SC)
|[[Ram Shankar Katheria]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,22,119
|Kamlesh Kumar Katheria
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,57,682
|64,437
|
|-
|42
|[[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannauj]]
|GEN
|[[Subrat Pathak]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,63,087
|[[Dimple Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|5,50,734
|12,353
|
|-
|43
|[[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur Urban]]
|GEN
|[[Satyadev Pachauri]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,68,937
|[[Sriprakash Jaiswal]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,13,003
|1,55,934
|
|-
|44
|[[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]]
|GEN
|[[Devendra Singh (politician)|Devendra Singh Bhole]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,81,282
|Nisha Sachan
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,06,140
|2,75,142
|
|-
|45
|[[Jalaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalaun]]
|(SC)
|[[Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,81,763
|Ajay Singh 'Pankaj'
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,23,386
|1,58,377
|
|-
|46
|[[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]]
|GEN
|[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|8,09,272
|Shyam Sundar Singh Yadav
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,43,589
|3,65,683
|
|-
|47
|[[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
|GEN
|[[Pushpendra Singh Chandel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,75,122
|Dilip Kumar Singh
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,26,470
|2,48,652
|
|-
|48
|[[Banda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banda]]
|GEN
|[[R. K. Singh Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,77,926
|[[Shyama Charan Gupta]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,18,988
|58,938
|
|-
|49
|[[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]
|GEN
|[[Niranjan Jyoti]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,66,040
|Sukhdev Prasad Verma
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,67,835
|1,98,205
|
|-
|50
|[[Kaushambi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaushambi]]
|(SC)
|[[Vinod Kumar Sonkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,83,009
|Indrajit Saroj
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,44,287
|38,722
|
|-
|51
|[[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]]
|GEN
|[[Keshari Devi Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,44,701
|Pandhari Yadav
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,72,733
|1,71,968
|
|-
|52
|[[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]
|GEN
|[[Rita Bahuguna Joshi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,94,454
|Rajendra Patel
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,10,179
|1,84,275
|
|-
|53
|[[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barabanki]]
|(SC)
|[[Upendra Singh Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,35,917
|[[Ram Sagar Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,25,777
|1,10,140
|
|-
|54
|[[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faizabad]]
|GEN
|[[Lallu Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,29,021
|[[Anand Sen Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,63,544
|65,477
|
|-
|55
|[[Ambedkar Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Ritesh Pandey]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,64,118
|[[Mukut Bihari Verma]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,68,238
|95,880
|
|-
|56
|[[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]]
|(SC)
|[[Akshaibar Lal|Akshaybara Lal Gaud]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,25,982
|Shabbir Balmiki
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,97,230
|1,28,752
|
|-
|57
|[[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj]]
|GEN
|[[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,81,358
|Chandradev Ram Yadav
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,19,757
|2,61,601
|
|-
|58
|[[Shrawasti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shrawasti]]
|GEN
|[[Ram Shiromani Verma]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,41,771
|[[Daddan Mishra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,36,451
|5,320
|
|-
|59
|[[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]
|GEN
|[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,08,190
|Pandit Singh
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,41,830
|1,66,360
|
|-
|60
|[[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]]
|GEN
|[[Jagdambika Pal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,92,253
|Aftab Alam
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,86,932
|1,05,321
|
|-
|61
|[[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basti]]
|GEN
|[[Harish Dwivedi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,71,162
|[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,40,808
|30,354
|
|-
|62
|[[Sant Kabir Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Praveen Kumar Nishad]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,67,543
|[[Bhishma Shankar Tiwari]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,31,794
|35,749
|
|-
|63
|[[Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
|GEN
|[[Pankaj Choudhary]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,26,349
|[[Akhilesh Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,85,925
|3,40,424
|
|-
|64
|[[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Gorakhpur]]
|GEN
|[[Ravi Kishan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|7,17,122
|Rambhual Nishad
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,15,458
|3,01,664
|
|-
|65
|[[Kushi Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kushi Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Vijay Kumar Dubey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,97,039
|Nathuni Prasad Kushwaha
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|2,59,479
|3,37,560
|
|-
|66
|[[Deoria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deoria]]
|GEN
|[[Ramapati Ram Tripathi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,80,644
|Binod Kumar Jaiswal
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,30,713
|2,49,931
|
|-
|67
|[[Bansgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bansgaon]]
|(SC)
|[[Kamlesh Paswan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,46,673
|Sadal Prasad
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,93,205
|1,53,468
|
|-
|68
|[[Lalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]]
|(SC)
|[[Sangeeta Azad]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,18,820
|[[Neelam Sonkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,57,223
|1,61,597
|
|-
|69
|[[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]]
|GEN
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|6,21,578
|[[Dinesh Lal Yadav|Dinesh Lal Yadav 'Nirahua']]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|3,61,704
|2,59,874
|
|-
|70
|[[Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]]
|GEN
|[[Atul Rai]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,73,829
|[[Harinarayan Rajbhar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,51,261
|1,22,568
|
|-
|71
|[[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]]
|GEN
|[[Ravindra Kushawaha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,67,241
|[[R. S. Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|3,54,764
|1,12,477
|
|-
|72
|[[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]]
|GEN
|[[Virendra Singh Mast]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,69,114
|Sanatan Pandey
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,53,595
|15,519
|
|-
|73
|[[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaunpur]]
|GEN
|[[Shyam Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,21,128
|[[Krishna Pratap]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,40,192
|80,936
|
|-
|74
|[[Machhlishahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machhlishahr]]
|(SC)
|[[B. P. Saroj]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,88,397
|[[Tribhuvan Ram]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,88,216
|181
|
|-
|75
|[[Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghazipur]]
|GEN
|[[Afzal Ansari]]
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|5,66,082
|[[Manoj Sinha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|4,46,690
|1,19,392
|
|-
|76
|[[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]]
|GEN
|[[Mahendra Nath Pandey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,10,733
|[[Sanjay Singh Chauhan]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|4,96,774
|13,959
|
|-
|77
|[[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]
|GEN
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|6,74,664
|Shalini Yadav
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|1,95,159
|4,79,505
|
|-
|78
|[[Bhadohi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadohi]]
|GEN
|[[Ramesh Chand Bind]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|5,10,029
|Rangnath Mishra
|bgcolor=#22409A|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|4,66,414
|43,615
|
|-
|79
|[[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mirzapur]]
|GEN
|[[Anupriya Patel]]
|bgcolor=#FF33CC|
|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
|5,91,564
|[[Ram Charitra Nishad]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,59,556
|2,32,008
|
|-
|80
|[[Robertsganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Robertsganj]]
|(SC)
|[[Pakauri Lal]]
|bgcolor=#FF33CC|
|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
|4,47,914
|[[Bhai Lal]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|3,93,578
|54,336
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Uttarakhand]]
|1
|[[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]]
|GEN
|[[Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,65,333
|[[Pritam Singh (Uttarakhand politician)|Pritam Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,64,747
|3,00,586
|
|-
|2
|[[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]]
|GEN
|[[Tirath Singh Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,06,980
|Manish Khanduri
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,04,311
|3,02,669
|
|-
|3
|[[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
|(SC)
|[[Ajay Tamta]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,44,651
|[[Pradeep Tamta]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,11,665
|2,32,986
|
|-
|4
|[[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar]]
|GEN
|[[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,72,195
|[[Harish Rawat]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,33,099
|3,39,096
|
|-
|5
|[[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haridwar]]
|GEN
|[[Ramesh Pokhriyal]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,65,674
|[[Ambrish Kumar]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,06,945
|2,58,729
|
|-
! rowspan="42" |[[West Bengal]]
|1
|[[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
|(SC)
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,31,594
|Adhikari Paresh Chandra
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,77,363
|54,231
|
|-
|2
|[[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduars]]
|(SC)
|[[John Barla]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,50,804
|[[Dasrath Tirkey]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,06,815
|2,43,989
|
|-
|3
|[[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
|(SC)
|[[Jayanta Kumar Roy]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,60,145
|[[Bijoy Chandra Barman]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,76,141
|1,84,004
|
|-
|4
|[[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
|GEN
|[[Raju Singh Bisht]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,50,067
|[[Amar Singh Rai]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|3,36,624
|4,13,443
|
|-
|5
|[[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
|GEN
|[[Debasree Chaudhuri]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,11,652
|Kanaiyalal Agarwal
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,51,078
|60,574
|
|-
|6
|[[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
|GEN
|[[Sukanta Majumder]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,39,317
|[[Arpita Ghosh]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,06,024
|33,293
|
|-
|7
|[[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
|GEN
|[[Khagen Murmu]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,09,524
|[[Mausam Noor]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,25,236
|84,288
|
|-
|8
|[[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
|GEN
|[[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|4,44,270
|[[Sreerupa Mitra Chaudhury]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,36,048
|8,222
|
|-
|9
|[[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
|GEN
|[[Khalilur Rahaman (Bengali)|Khalilur Rahman]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,62,838
|[[Mafuja Khatun]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|3,17,056
|2,45,782
|
|-
|10
|[[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]]
|GEN
|[[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|5,91,106
|[[Apurba Sarkar]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,10,410
|80,696
|
|-
|11
|[[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]
|GEN
|[[Abu Taher Khan]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,04,346
|[[Abu Hena (Indian politician)|Abu Hena]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,77,929
|2,26,417
|
|-
|12
|[[Krishnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
|GEN
|[[Mahua Moitra]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,14,872
|[[Kalyan Chaubey]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,51,654
|63,218
|
|-
|13
|[[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
|(SC)
|[[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|7,83,253
|[[Rupali Biswas]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,49,825
|2,33,428
|
|-
|14
|[[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]
|(SC)
|[[Shantanu Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,87,622
|[[Mamata Bala Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,76,028
|1,11,594
|
|-
|15
|[[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpore]]
|GEN
|[[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1962)|Arjun Singh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,72,994
|[[Dinesh Trivedi]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,58,137
|14,857
|
|-
|16
|[[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
|GEN
|[[Saugata Roy]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,12,062
|[[Samik Bhattacharya]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,59,060
|53,002
|
|-
|17
|[[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
|GEN
|[[Kakali Ghosh Dastidar]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,48,084
|Mrinal Kanti Debnath
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,38,101
|1,09,983
|
|-
|18
|[[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
|GEN
|[[Nusrat Jahan]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,82,078
|Sayantan Basu
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,31,709
|3,50,369
|
|-
|19
|[[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar]]
|(SC)
|[[Pratima Mondal]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,61,202
|Ashok Kandary
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,44,427
|3,16,775
|
|-
|20
|[[Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathurapur]]
|(SC)
|[[Choudhury Mohan Jatua]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,26,828
|Shyama Prasad Halder
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,22,854
|2,03,974
|
|-
|21
|[[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]
|GEN
|[[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,91,127
|Nilanjan Roy
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,70,533
|3,20,594
|
|-
|22
|[[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
|GEN
|[[Mimi Chakraborty]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,88,472
|[[Anupam Hazra]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|3,93,233
|2,95,239
|
|-
|23
|[[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
|GEN
|[[Mala Roy]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,73,119
|Chandra Kumar Bose
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,17,927
|1,55,192
|
|-
|24
|[[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
|GEN
|[[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,74,891
|Rahul Sinha
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|3,47,796
|1,27,095
|
|-
|25
|[[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]]
|GEN
|[[Prasun Banerjee]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,76,711
|Rantidev Sen Gupta
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,73,016
|1,03,695
|
|-
|26
|[[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]]
|GEN
|[[Sajda Ahmed]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,94,945
|[[Joy Banerjee]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|4,79,586
|2,15,359
|
|-
|27
|[[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]]
|GEN
|[[Kalyan Banerjee (politician)|Kalyan Banerjee]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,37,707
|Debjit Sarkar
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,39,171
|98,536
|
|-
|28
|[[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]]
|GEN
|[[Locket Chatterjee]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,71,448
|[[Ratna De]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,98,086
|73,362
|
|-
|29
|[[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]]
|(SC)
|[[Aparupa Poddar]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,49,929
|Tapan Kumar Ray
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,48,787
|1,142
|
|-
|30
|[[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
|GEN
|[[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,24,433
|Sidhartha Shankar Naskar
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,34,268
|1,90,165
|
|-
|31
|[[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
|GEN
|[[Sisir Adhikari]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,11,872
|Debasish Samanta
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,00,204
|1,11,668
|
|-
|32
|[[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
|GEN
|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari (Dev)]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|7,17,959
|Bharati Ghosh
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,09,986
|1,07,973
|
|-
|33
|[[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
|(ST)
|[[Kumar Hembram]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,26,583
|Birbaha Saren
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,14,816
|11,767
|
|-
|34
|[[Midnapore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medinipur]]
|GEN
|[[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,85,433
|[[Manas Bhunia]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,96,481
|88,952
|
|-
|35
|[[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
|GEN
|[[Jyotirmoy Singh Mahato]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,68,107
|[[Mriganko Mahato]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,63,375
|2,04,732
|
|-
|36
|[[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
|GEN
|[[Subhash Sarkar]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,75,319
|[[Subrata Mukherjee]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,00,986
|1,74,333
|
|-
|37
|[[Vishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]
|(SC)
|[[Saumitra Khan]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,57,019
|[[Shyamal Santra]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,78,972
|78,047
|
|-
|38
|[[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
|(SC)
|[[Sunil Kumar Mondal]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,40,834
|Paresh Chandra Das
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,51,523
|89,311
|
|-
|39
|[[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
|GEN
|[[S. S. Ahluwalia]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,98,376
|[[Mamtaz Sanghamita]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|5,95,937
|2,439
|
|-
|40
|[[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
|GEN
|[[Babul Supriyo]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|6,33,378
|[[Moon Moon Sen]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|4,35,741
|1,97,637
|
|-
|41
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
|(SC)
|[[Asit Kumar Mal]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,99,171
|Ramprasad Das
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,92,769
|1,06,402
|
|-
|42
|[[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
|GEN
|[[Shatabdi Roy]]
|bgcolor=#3CB371|
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|6,54,077
|Dudh Kumar Mondal
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]
|5,65,153
|88,924
|
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{-}}
{{Indian general election, 2019}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2019 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Results of general elections in India]]

Ananth Kumar

2026-02-18T13:45:40Z

MatildaAldrich:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1959–2018)}}
{{for|other similarly named people|Ananth Kumar (disambiguation)}}
{{fanpov|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ananth Kumar
| image = The Leader of Opposition, BThe Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, Shri Ananthkumar, in New Delhi on January 08, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Ananth Kumar in 2017
| office = [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of India]]
| term_start = 26 May 2014
| term_end = 12 November 2018
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| 1blankname = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]]
| 2namedata = 5 July 2016 – 12 November 2018
| 3blankname = [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]
| 3namedata = 26 May 2014 – 12 November 2018
| term_start1 = 13 October 1999
| term_end1 = 12 July 2003
| primeminister1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| 1blankname1 = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata1 = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname1 = [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Minister of Urban Development]]
| 2namedata1 = 1 September 2001 – 12 July 2003
| 3blankname1 = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]]
| 3namedata1 = 2 February 2000 – 1 September 2001
| 4blankname1 = [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Minister of Culture]]
| 4namedata1 = 13 October 1999 – 1 September 2001
| 5blankname1 = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports]]
| 5namedata1 = 13 October 1999 – 2 February 2000
| term_start2 = 19 March 1998
| term_end2 = 13 October 1999
| primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| 1blankname2 = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata2 = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname2 = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]]
| 2namedata2 = 30 January 1999 – 13 October 1999
| 3blankname2 = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]
| 3namedata2 = 19 March 1998 – 13 October 1999
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency3 = [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| term_start3 = 10 May 1996
| term_end3 = 12 November 2018
| predecessor3 = [[K. Venkatagiri Gowda]]
| successor3 = [[Tejasvi Surya]]
| office4 = State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka]]
| term_start4 = 26 June 2003 | term_end4 = 31 December 2004
| predecessor4 = [[B.S. Yediyurappa]]
| successor4 = [[Jagadish Shettar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name = Hegannahalli Narayana Shastry Ananth Kumar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1959|7|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]], (now in [[Karnataka]]) India
| death_date = {{nobreak|{{Death date and age|2018|11|12|1959|7|22|df=y}}}}<ref name="AK">{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/union-minister-ananth-kumar-dies/articleshow/66583345.cms | title=Ananth Kumar: Union Minister Ananth Kumar passes away | work=[[The Economic Times]] | author=K R Balasubramanyam | date=12 November 2018 | access-date=12 November 2018 | archive-date=24 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232815/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/union-minister-ananth-kumar-dies/articleshow/66583345.cms%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tejaswini AnanthKumar|Tejaswini Kumar]]|1989}}
| children = Aishwarya Ananth Kumar, Vijeta
| alma_mater = [[Karnatak University]]
| website = {{URL|http://ananth.org}}
}}

'''Hegannahalli Narayana Shastry Ananth Kumar''' (22 July 1959 – 12 November 2018)<ref name="timesofindia-2018-11-12">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/union-minister-ananth-kumar-passes-away/articleshow/66583172.cms | title=Union minister Ananth Kumar passes away at 59 in Bengaluru | work=[[The Times of India]] | first=Sandeep | last=Moudgal | date=12 November 2018 | access-date=12 November 2018 | archive-date=24 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/union-minister-ananth-kumar-passes-away/articleshow/66583172.cms%20 | url-status=live }}</ref> was an Indian politician who served as 1st [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Minister of Culture]] from 1999 to 2001. He was the [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]], [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs of India]] from 2014 until his death in 2018. Ananth Kumar was an MP from South Bangalore 6 times, Minister of Chemicals and fertilizers from 26 May 2014, and Parliamentary affairs from 2016. He was a member of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] for over two decades, having been elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house, from [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]], from 1996 until his death.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dutta |first1=Prabhash K. |title=Ananth Kumar never lost an election in 22 years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ananth-kumar-never-lost-an-election-in-22-years-1386630-2018-11-12 |access-date=12 November 2018 |work=India Today |date=12 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232826/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ananth-kumar-never-lost-an-election-in-22-years-1386630-2018-11-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also served as Minister for Civil Aviation, Tourism, Sports, Urban Development, and Poverty Alleviation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananth Kumar, a staunch RSS man, known for political adroitness|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ananth-kumar-a-staunch-rss-man-known-for-political-adroitness/article25473433.ece|access-date=28 December 2021|website=@businessline|date=12 November 2018|language=en|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228111839/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ananth-kumar-a-staunch-rss-man-known-for-political-adroitness/article25473433.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life==
Ananth Kumar was born in a middle-class [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2018 |title=Who is Ananth Kumar: Things to know about the veteran leader Ananth Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hn-ananth-kumar-dies-at-59-things-to-know-about-the-veteran-leader/articleshow/66584044.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=13 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713154140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hn-ananth-kumar-dies-at-59-things-to-know-about-the-veteran-leader/articleshow/66584044.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> at [[Bangalore]], Sheshadripuram, [[Karnataka]], and moved to Hubli in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who was Ananth Kumar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-ananth-kumar-5441772/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=13 November 2018 |date=12 November 2018 |archive-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113125359/https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-ananth-kumar-5441772/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His father, H. N. Narayan Shastry, was employed with the [[Indian Railways]]. His family settled in [[Hubli]] in 1979–80. His mother Smt Girija Shastry was a social worker associated with the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]. She served as the deputy [[mayor]] of the [[Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation]] between 1985 and 1986. Kumar completed his [[matriculation]] in Lamington School and [[pre-university course]] in science [[PC Jabin College]] in Hubli. He earned [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's degree in arts]] from Kadasiddeshwar Arts College, affiliated to the [[Karnatak University]], and in [[Bachelor of Laws|Laws]] from JSS Law college, both in Hubli.<ref name="toi1">{{cite web |last1=Kattimani |first1=Basavaraj |title=Hubballi shaped political career of Ananth Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/hubballi-shaped-political-career-of-ananth-kumar/articleshow/66584771.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 November 2018 |date=13 November 2018 |archive-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113120437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/hubballi-shaped-political-career-of-ananth-kumar/articleshow/66584771.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kumar joined the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in 1973 and took part in the [[Bihar Movement|movement]] started by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] the following year. He was jailed in the Hubli sub-jail for a period of over 40 days during [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency]].<ref name="th1">{{cite news |last1=Pattanashetti |first1=Girish |title=Ananth Kumar had his initiation into politics in Hubballi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-had-his-initiation-into-politics-in-hubballi/article25480630.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=13 November 2018 |language=en-IN |date=13 November 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-had-his-initiation-into-politics-in-hubballi/article25480630.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="toi1"/>

==Politics==
Ananth Kumar was a member of RSS' student wing, the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP). He was elected as the State Secretary of the ABVP. He later became its National Secretary in 1985. In 1987, he joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and was nominated as the State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]].<ref name="th1"/> He was then made National Secretary of the party in 1996.<ref name="164.100.47.132">{{Cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=20 |title=Lok Sabha |access-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132605/http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=20 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ananth Kumar was elected from [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]] Lok Sabha constituency to the [[11th Lok Sabha]] in 1996. He was re-elected and was inducted into the [[Second Vajpayee ministry]]. In 1999, he was re-elected to a third consecutive term and became a cabinet minister in the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] government. He handled various ministries like Tourism, Sports & Youth Affairs, Culture, Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation.<ref name="164.100.47.132"/>

Ananth Kumar became the President of the [[Karnataka]] state unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] in 2003. It became the single largest party in the Legislative Assembly and won the majority number of Lok Sabha seats in 2004 in Karnataka. In 2004, he was appointed National General Secretary of the BJP.

On 26 May 2014, Kumar was appointed [[Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]] in the cabinet of the current [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] Narendra Modi.<ref name=CF>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/narendra-modi-government-list-of-portfolios-and-ministers/|title=Narendra Modi government: Full list of portfolios and ministers|work=The Indian Express|date=27 May 2014|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223449/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/narendra-modi-government-list-of-portfolios-and-ministers/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2016 reshuffle, he was given the additional charge of [[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs]].<ref name=CG>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131118/union-minister-ananth-kumar-passes-away.html/|title=Union minister Ananth Kumar passes away|date=13 November 2018|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118164841/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131118/union-minister-ananth-kumar-passes-away.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Lok Sabha electoral performance===

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Winner
! Party
! Losing candidate
! Party
|-
|2014
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|[[Nandan Nilekani]]
|INC
|-
|2009
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|K Byre Gowda
|INC
|-
|2004
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|Krishnappa M
|INC
|-
|1999
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|B K Hariprasad
|INC
|-
|1998
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|D P Sharma
|INC
|-
|1996
|Ananth Kumar
|BJP
|Varalakshmi Gundu Rao
|INC
|}

==Governance==
When Ananth Kumar was minister of Chemicals and fertilizers, he worked to reduce the prices of coronary stents that would help heart patients to an average benefit of close to a lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2018|title=BJP govt's Valentine's Day gift was reduced stent prices for your heart|url=https://theprint.in/politics/bjp-govt-shows-heart-valentines-day-reduces-prices-coronary-stents/37573/|access-date=3 January 2022|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103064844/https://theprint.in/politics/bjp-govt-shows-heart-valentines-day-reduces-prices-coronary-stents/37573/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Price caps will save patients nearly Rs1 lakh on cardiac stents: Ananth Kumar|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/price-caps-will-save-patients-nearly-rs1-lakh-on-cardiac-stents-ananth-kumar/articleshow/57160558.cms?from=mdr|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103064843/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/price-caps-will-save-patients-nearly-rs1-lakh-on-cardiac-stents-ananth-kumar/articleshow/57160558.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> As the minister for chemicals and fertilizers, Kumar implemented 100% mandatory [[Neem-coated urea|neem-coating]] of [[urea]], in a move that was expected to save {{INR}} 6,500 crore annually in government subsidy or about {{INR}} 10,000 in total,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/chem-/-fertilisers/neem-coated-urea-to-stop-divergence-for-industrial-use-government/articleshow/50009530.cms | title=Neem coated urea to stop divergence for industrial use: Government | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=2 December 2015 | access-date=18 November 2018 | archive-date=19 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119010806/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/chem-/-fertilisers/neem-coated-urea-to-stop-divergence-for-industrial-use-government/articleshow/50009530.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> by stopping diversion for industrial usage, apart from additional benefit of slowing the release of nitrogen, thus reducing the overall consumption.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/neem-coated-truth-urea-policy-isn-t-a-game-changer-116021601168_1.html| title=Neem-coated truth: Urea policy isn't a game-changer| work=[[Business Standard]]| first=Kanika| last=Datta| date=16 February 2016| access-date=18 November 2018| archive-date=20 January 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120015505/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/neem-coated-truth-urea-policy-isn-t-a-game-changer-116021601168_1.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

Ananth Kumar mandated price reduction by 69% on Knee Implants- from {{INR}}1.5 to 2.5 lakh to the new price of {{INR}}54,500.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/knee-implants-to-cost-up-to-69-less-as-government-caps-prices/articleshow/60094167.cms|title=Knee implants to cost up to 69% less as government caps prices - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/knee-implants-to-cost-up-to-69-less-as-government-caps-prices/articleshow/60094167.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Under his guidance, number of Jan ''Aushadhi Kendras'' increased to over 4300 all over India (as on 1 November 2018) from 89 in May 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/9785267_Govt-committed-to-ensuring-affordable-healthcare-for-all--PM|title=Jan aushadhi|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132529/http://www.ptinews.com/news/9785267_Govt-committed-to-ensuring-affordable-healthcare-for-all--PM|url-status=live}}</ref> He launched Suvidha – [[Biodegradation|Bio-degradable]] & environment friendly sanitary pads at just {{INR}}2.50 per piece from 5 June 2018, on the occasion of International women's day (8 Mar 2018).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/jun/06/union-minister-ananth-kumar-launches-biodegradable-sanitary-napkins-in-bengaluru-1824379.html|title=Union Minister Ananth Kumar launches biodegradable sanitary napkins in Bengaluru|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132641/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/jun/06/union-minister-ananth-kumar-launches-biodegradable-sanitary-napkins-in-bengaluru-1824379.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

He launched an initiative to revive 6 closed fertilizer plants with over 48,000 cr investment, along with coal and oil & natural gas ministry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-on-road-to-end-fertilizer-imports-by-2020-21/articleshow/58404454.cms|title=India on road to end fertilizer imports by 2020-21 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-on-road-to-end-fertilizer-imports-by-2020-21/articleshow/58404454.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/20-bills-passed-by-both-houses-most-productive-for-lok-sabha-since-2000/1277121/|title=20 bills passed by both houses; most productive for Lok Sabha since 2000|website=The Financial Express|date=11 August 2018|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119093510/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/20-bills-passed-by-both-houses-most-productive-for-lok-sabha-since-2000/1277121/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ananth Kumar signed an agreement for an International airport in [[Bangalore]] and took steps to improve the facilities in the HAL airport as the civil aviation minister in the Vajpayee government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shubham|date=14 April 2014|title=Ananth Kumar: The people's leader eyeing for a double hat-trick|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ananth-kumar-people-s-leader-from-south-bangalore-lse-1430127.html|access-date=31 December 2021|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231082651/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ananth-kumar-people-s-leader-from-south-bangalore-lse-1430127.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2018|title=The struggle for an airport: How Ananth Kumar helped Bengaluru get an international airport|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/struggle-airport-how-ananth-kumar-helped-bengaluru-get-international-airport-91434|access-date=31 December 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231082648/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/struggle-airport-how-ananth-kumar-helped-bengaluru-get-international-airport-91434|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ananth Kumar formulated a transport policy in which cities with more than 10 lakh people would have metros.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 November 2018|title=Ananth far-sightedness helped Bengaluru's airport dream take off: M N Srihari|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131118/ananth-far-sightedness-helped-bengalurus-airport-dream-take-off-m.html|access-date=31 December 2021|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231092020/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131118/ananth-far-sightedness-helped-bengalurus-airport-dream-take-off-m.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He had worked for the approval of the [[Bengaluru]] Metro project by the Vajpayee cabinet.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bharadwaj|first=K. v Aditya|date=13 November 2018|title=Ananth Kumar, a passionate Bengalurean|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-a-passionate-bengalurean/article25480550.ece|access-date=31 December 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231092020/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-a-passionate-bengalurean/article25480550.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ananth Kumar, [[Sushma Swaraj]], [[Venkaiah Naidu|M Venkaiah Naidu]], [[Arun Jaitley]] were called "Delhi-4" or "D4" under the leadership of veteran [[L. K. Advani|L.K Advani]], as they were based in [[Delhi]] and took care of various responsibilities in the party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sushma Swaraj's Death Marks Fading Away Of "Delhi-4" In BJP|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sushma-swarajs-death-marks-fading-away-of-delhi-4-in-bjp-2081876|access-date=11 January 2022|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093016/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sushma-swarajs-death-marks-fading-away-of-delhi-4-in-bjp-2081876|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2019|title=Sushma Swaraj: A fiery leader and a mother figure|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushma-swaraj-a-fiery-leader-and-a-mother-figure/story-DfxUeSgunA4dxTkdPNzMYJ.html|access-date=11 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111114312/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushma-swaraj-a-fiery-leader-and-a-mother-figure/story-DfxUeSgunA4dxTkdPNzMYJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

He played his part in passing the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST (Goods and Services Tax)]] bill in July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 September 2016|title=Centre considering to 'advance' winter session for early GST roll-out|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-mulling-to-advance-winter-session-for-early-gst-roll-out/story-yrMn0X2gz8S0g0wcZyvv2K.html|access-date=3 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103071354/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-mulling-to-advance-winter-session-for-early-gst-roll-out/story-yrMn0X2gz8S0g0wcZyvv2K.html|url-status=live}}</ref> When NDA did not have a sufficient majority, Shri Ananth Kumar had convinced the other legislators regarding the importance of [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST (Goods and Services Tax)]] to launch the bill.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2018|first=Prabhash K.|last=Dutta|title=Ananth Kumar never lost an election in 22 years|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ananth-kumar-never-lost-an-election-in-22-years-1386630-2018-11-12|access-date=3 January 2022|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232826/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ananth-kumar-never-lost-an-election-in-22-years-1386630-2018-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1998 Shri Ananth Kumar launched www.raktadan.org/ and www.ananth.org.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2018|title=Ananth Kumar - A tech-savvy leader who built BJP from scratch in Karnataka|url=https://zeenews.india.com/karnataka/ananth-kumar-a-tech-savvy-leader-who-built-bjp-from-scratch-in-karnataka-2154669.html|access-date=12 January 2022|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=7 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107114123/https://zeenews.india.com/karnataka/ananth-kumar-a-tech-savvy-leader-who-built-bjp-from-scratch-in-karnataka-2154669.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He became the first Indian [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]] to launch his own website to serve his constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananth Kumar passes away! First Indian politician to host an independent website; 10 facts to know|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/ananth-kumar-passes-away-first-indian-politician-to-host-an-independent-website-10-facts-to-know|access-date=11 January 2022|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111115131/https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/ananth-kumar-passes-away-first-indian-politician-to-host-an-independent-website-10-facts-to-know|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT Elections '98: Ananth Kumar is the first Indian MP to host an independent website for a candidate|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/29bang.htm|access-date=11 January 2022|website=www.rediff.com|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111115322/https://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/29bang.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

He was known as the [[Delhi]] Face of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ananth Kumar: From teenage activist to face of Karnataka in Delhi durbar|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/nov/13/ananth-kumar-from-teenage-activist-to-face-of-karnataka-in-delhi-durbar-1897465.html|access-date=17 January 2022|website=The New Indian Express|date=13 November 2018 |archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117060003/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/nov/13/ananth-kumar-from-teenage-activist-to-face-of-karnataka-in-delhi-durbar-1897465.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dev|first=Arun|date=12 November 2018|title=Ananth Kumar: A Leader Without Enemies & K'taka's Voice in Delhi|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/union-minister-ananth-kumar-profile-2|access-date=17 January 2022|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182347/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/union-minister-ananth-kumar-profile-2|url-status=live}}</ref> Whenever representatives from [[Karnataka]] from any party came to him in [[Delhi]], he would contact the concerned officials and do everything he could to resolve their issues.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|last2=Bharadwaj|first2=K. v aditya|last3=Srivatsa|first3=Sharat S.|date=13 November 2018|title=Ananth Kumar was friends with all|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-was-friends-with-all/article25480444.ece|access-date=17 January 2022|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117060950/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ananth-kumar-was-friends-with-all/article25480444.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balasubramanyam|first=K. R.|title=Ananth Kumar death: Union Minister Ananth Kumar passes away|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/union-minister-ananth-kumar-dies/articleshow/66583345.cms?from=mdr|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182406/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/union-minister-ananth-kumar-dies/articleshow/66583345.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
=== Social work ===
He along with his wife, [[Tejaswini Ananth Kumar|Tejaswini]], founded [[Adamya Chethana Foundation]], a nonprofit organisation for social service. It was setup in 1998 in memory of Girija Shastry, mother of Ananth Kumar.<ref name="AK"/> It supports underprivileged children with food in schools through the [[Midday Meal Scheme]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adamyachetana.org/|title=Adamya Chetana – Anna Akshara Arogya|website=Adamyachetana.org|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121204137/http://www.adamyachetana.org/|url-status=live}}{{Self-published source|date=November 2018}}</ref> About 2,00,000 meals are served daily.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/our-annapoorna-kitchens-are-paathshaalas-prayogashaalas-too/articleshow/56284474.cms|title='Our Annapoorna kitchens are paathshaalas, prayogashaalas too'|website=The Times of India|date=2 January 2017|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/our-annapoorna-kitchens-are-paathshaalas-prayogashaalas-too/articleshow/56284474.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

He launched the initiative Green [[Bangalore]] 1:1 as part of his larger initiative Sasyagraha,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangalorenewsnetwork.com/news_detail.php?f_news_id=403|title=Central Minister Shri. Ananthkumar launches 'SASYAGRAHA' as a Nationwide Movement|website=Bangalore News Network|language=en-US|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132525/http://www.bangalorenewsnetwork.com/news_detail.php?f_news_id=403|url-status=live}}</ref> to achieve 1 tree per human ratio, from the current 7 humans per tree as against the ideal 7 trees per human per research by IISc. EcoChetana initiative was to promote GreenLifeStyle in the state of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adamyachetana.org/projects/green-bengaluru-11/|title=Green Bengaluru 1:1 – Adamya Chetana|website=Adamyachetana.org|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232817/http://www.adamyachetana.org/projects/green-bengaluru-11/|url-status=dead}}{{Self-published source|date=November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newskarnataka.com/bangalore/adamya-chetana-launches-sasyagraha-in-bengaluru|title=Adamya Chetana launches Sasyagraha in Bengaluru|website=NewsKarnataka|date=27 November 2017|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232840/https://www.newskarnataka.com/bangalore/adamya-chetana-launches-sasyagraha-in-bengaluru|url-status=live}}</ref>

As part of [[Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana]] (SAGY) Ananth Kumar had adopted the Ragihalli village.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bangalore/ananthkumar-adopts-ragihalli-under-gram-yojana-089230.html|title=ರಾಗಿಹಳ್ಳಿ ಗ್ರಾಪಂ ದತ್ತು ಪಡೆದ ಅನಂತಕುಮಾರ್|website=Kannada.oneindia.com|date=19 November 2014|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175331/https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bangalore/ananthkumar-adopts-ragihalli-under-gram-yojana-089230.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

He introduced Arogya Chetana Mediclaim group insurance facility for schoolchildren inaugurated by [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Dr APJ Abdul Kalam]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 November 2021|title=Adamya Chetana's impactful journey touching lives of vulnerable, neglected|url=https://newskarnataka.com/kannadigas/adamya-chetanas-impactful-journey-touching-lives-of-vulnerable-marginalised/|access-date=3 January 2022|website=News Karnataka|language=en-US|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230061447/https://newskarnataka.com/kannadigas/adamya-chetanas-impactful-journey-touching-lives-of-vulnerable-marginalised/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Death==
On 12 November 2018 he died due to pancreatic cancer and complications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ananth-kumar-passes-away-live-updates-bjp-tributes-narendra-modi-5441758/|title=Ananth Kumar passes away Live Updates: PM Modi, Rahul Gandhi express grief|date=12 November 2018|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232820/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ananth-kumar-passes-away-live-updates-bjp-tributes-narendra-modi-5441758/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was survived by his wife, Tejaswini, and his two daughters, Aishwarya and Vijeta.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/ananth-kumar-dies-passes-away-dead-death-union-minister-for-chemicals-and-fertilizer-bharatiya-janata-party-bengaluru-news/312332 | title=Union Minister Ananth Kumar passes away; holiday in schools, colleges in Karnataka today | publisher=Times Now News | date=12 November 2018 | access-date=12 November 2018 | archive-date=24 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224232813/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/ananth-kumar-dies-passes-away-dead-death-union-minister-for-chemicals-and-fertilizer-bharatiya-janata-party-bengaluru-news/312332%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ananth Kumar}}
*[http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=20&lastls=16 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
* [http://ananth.org Official website of Ananth Kumar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981203160950/http://www.ananth.org/ |date=3 December 1998 }}
* [http://www.adamyachetana.org/ Adamya Chetana Trust]

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{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)}}
{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{16th LS members from Karnataka|state=collapsed}}
{{15th LS members from Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ananth}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Culture ministers of India]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Tourism ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]

Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi

2026-02-12T02:51:55Z

MatildaAldrich: starting basic info from scratch

{{Short description|Indian author, grammarian, philosopher (1936–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Vijayasarathi Sribhashyam.jpg
| image_upright =
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1936|3|10}}<ref name='Hindu'>{{cite news |title=Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi felicitated |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sribhashyam-vijayasarathi-felicitated/article30693547.ece |work=The Hindu |date=30 January 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| birth_place = Chegurthi, [[Karimnagar district]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|12|28|1936|3|10}}
| death_place = [[Karimnagar]], [[Telangana]], India
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupathi Sri Vishweshwara Sanskrit College (UG & PG), Warangal (KU)
| occupation =
| agent = 
| known_for = [[Sanskrit literature]]
| notable_works = 
| style =
| spouse = Hemalatha<ref name='Toi'/>
| partner = 
| children = Varaprasad<ref name='Toi'/>
| parents = 
| mother = Gopamamba<ref name='Toi'>{{cite web |last1=Jan 27 |first1=TNN |title=Sons of Telugu soil elated and humbled by Padma Shri honour {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sons-of-telugu-soil-elated-and-humbled-by-padma-shri-honour/articleshow/73645044.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| father = Narasimha Charya
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Mahamahopadhyaya Vachaspati Puraskar
}}

'''Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi''' (10 March 1936 – 28 December 2022)<ref>[https://www.hindudayashankar.com/news/eminent-scholar-padmasri-bhashyam-vijaya-sarathi-passed-away/ Eminent scholar Padmasri Bhashyam Vijaya Sarathi passed away]</ref> was an Indian author, [[Sanskrit grammarian]], [[philosopher]] and critic.<ref name=toi1>{{cite web |last1=Jan 26 |first1=TNN |title=PV Sindhu, 4 others from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh get Padma honour {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sindhu-4-others-from-telangana-and-andhra-pradesh-get-padma-honour/articleshow/73629881.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

He was the recipient of India's highly prestigious award [[Padma Shri]] for the year 2020 for his excellent work in the field of Literature and Education.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2020 Announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=197647 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi was born to Narasimhacharya, Gopamamba on 10 March 1936 at Chegurthi village, Karimnagar district, Telangana. Vijayasarathi started composing poetry at the age of 7. Although he had his primary education in Urdu medium, excelled himself as a Sanskrit scholar extraordinarily.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three Padma awardees from Telangana |url=https://telanganatoday.com/three-padma-awardees-from-telangana |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>

It was his mother who taught him "Nyaya Bodhini", "Tharka Sangrahamu", and Meemamsa. It was during this period that he composed "Sharadaa Padakinkine". His astounding scholarship came to fore with khandakavyas like "Vishaadalahari" and "Shabaree Paridevanam" which he composed at the age of sixteen.<ref name='Hindu'/><ref name='AJ'/>

Vijayasarathi introduced ‘seesam’, a Telugu poetic form and he was the first man who introduced epistolary form in [[Sanskrit]]. He came into the limelight for his work Mandakini and using the maximum number of ‘dhatus' in his poetry.<ref name='Toi'/><ref name='AJ'/>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi receiving Padma Shri.jpg|thumb|Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi receiving Padma Shri from Hon. President [[Ram Nath Kovind|Ramnath Kovind]]]]
[[File:V sribhasyam Swarna bharat award.jpg|thumb|Honourable Vice-President of India Sri. [[Venkiah Naidu]] felicitating Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi on conferment of [[Padma Shri]] for the year 2020 at Swarna Bharat trust, Hyderabad on 23 February 2020]]
*[[Padma Shri]] award for the year 2020 in the field of Literature and Education for the state [[Telangana]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Padma Awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article30653369.ece/binary/2020AwardeesList.pdf |agency=The Hindu}}</ref>
*[[K. K. Birla Foundation]] "Vachaspati Puraskar" for the year 1996 in Jaipur<ref>{{cite web |title=K.K. Birla Foundation |url=http://kkbirlafoundation.org/vachaspati-r.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221133715/http://kkbirlafoundation.org/vachaspati-r.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2013 |date=21 December 2013}}</ref>
*Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth awarded "Indira Behere" gold medal award for the year 1995 in Pune<ref name='NT'/>
*Vishishta Sahithya Puraskaram by Government of Telangana -2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Telangana Visishta awards for 3 literary icons |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/140817/telangana-visishta-awards-for-3-literary-icons.html |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |date=14 August 2017}}</ref><ref name='Hindu1'>{{cite web |title=Sanskrit scholar award to Bhashyam Vijaya Saradhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sanskrit-scholar-award-to-bhashyam-vijaya-saradhi/article19487040.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=13 August 2017}}</ref>
*Mahakavi title by former speaker of [[Andhra Pradesh]] Sri [[Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao]]
*Swarna Kankanam by the then Governor of Andhra pradesh Late Sri [[Krishan Kant]]<ref name='ABN2'>{{cite news |title=Desham garvinchadagga pandithudu Sribhashyam |work=[[ABN Andhra Jyothi]] |date=11 March 2018 |pages=20}}</ref>
*Kavichakravathi title by [[D. Sripada Rao]], Ex. Speaker AP legislative Assembly<ref name='NT'>{{cite news |title=Desham garvinchadagga pandithudu Sribhashyam |work=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |date=22 April 2019 |pages=11}}</ref>
*Mahamahopaadhyaya – National Sanskrit University - Tirupati (2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanskrit is mother of all languages - Thehansindia |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/sanskrit+is+mother+of+all+languages-newsid-81250645 |website=Dailyhunt |language=en}}</ref><ref name='abn'>{{cite news |title=Samskrutha sahithi shikharam Vijayasarathi |work=Andhrajyothi |publisher=[[ABN Andhra Jyothi]] |location=Karimnagar}}</ref>
*Uthama Samskritha Panditha Puraskaaram – [[Telugu University]] – [[Hyderabad]]
*Sanathana Dharma Charitable Trust – Ugadi Puraskaaram through the hands of Sadguru Shivananda Murthy<ref name='ABN2'/>
*Appajosyula Vishnubhotla Kandalam foundation Pratibha Murthy Jeevithakala Sadhana Puraskaram-2021 in Hyderabad
[[File:Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi and PM Narendra Modi.jpg|thumb|PM [[Narendra Modi]] congratulates Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi during [[Padma Shri Award]] Ceremony]]

==In his honor==
Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi National Sanskrit Award is awarded every year. This award carries a cash reward of Rs.25000, Mangala Vastram and a Memento to a Sanskrit poet on the occasion of Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi's birthday.<ref name='AJ'>{{cite web |title=Clipping of Andhra Jyothy Telugu Daily - Telangana |url=https://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/48625258 |website=epaper.andhrajyothy.com}}</ref>

[[Karimnagar Municipal Corporation]] has named the road from Kapuwada to Bommakal bypass road via Yagnavaraha Kshetram as Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi Marg and [[Gangula Kamalakar]] inaugurated the Marg on January 25, 2024.<ref name="TT"/>

[[Gangula Kamalakar]] also announced that the Kala Bharathi cultural center which is being constructed in the SRR College campus, Karimnagar will be named after Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi and a bronze statue of Vijayasarathi would also be installed in the new auditorium.<ref name="TT">{{cite web |title=New Kala Bharathi will be renamed after Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi: Gangula |url=https://telanganatoday.com/new-kala-bharathi-will-be-renamed-after-sribhashyam-vijayasarathi-gangula |website=Telangana Today |language=en |date=22 January 2023}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi had written more than 100 books in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] like Mandakini, Bharathabharathi, Raasakeli, Rochishmathi, Praveena Bharatham, Vishadalahari, Sangeetha Madhavam, Prahelikalu, Sharada Padakinkinkini, Geetanjali (Sanskrit translation of Rabindranath Tagore's Geetanjali), Manorama (Novel) and Shusheela (Novel) to name a few. He was instrumental in writing about the history and culture of India in lucid Sanskrit. He had left no genre untouched in Sanskrit. He was a spiritual humanist and progressive writer. He had been rendering yeoman service in spreading the Sanskrit language by conducting free Sanskrit classes, organizing Vidwat Sabhas, poetic symposia and publishing booklets on different issues of Sanatana Dharma.<ref name='Hindu1'/><ref name='Hindu'/><ref name='NT'/>

==Philanthropy==
Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi formed a platform called Sarvavaidka Samsthanam at Karimnagar of Telangana State in the year 1980 to take up literary, social and spiritual activities. He carried out various programs in a rare manner from this platform successfully. He conducted free spoken Sanskrit classes to popularize the [[Sanskrit language]]. He also organized Vidwat Sabhas every year. Vijayasarathi also conducts poetic symposia every year to encourage the budding poets in Sanskrit.<ref name=toi1/><ref>{{cite web |title=Sindhu, puppeteer among Padma awardees from Telugu states |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=667883 |website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref>

Sarvavadikika Samsthanam, in addition to spreading vedic knowledge, serving Sanskrit language, setting up Aarsha Dharma, also takes responsibility of maintaining the Yagnavaraha Kshetram temple which was established by Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi in 1986. He performed many Yagnas, for the well-being of the society, in the premises of Yagnavaraha Kshetram, Karimnagar.<ref name='AJ'/><ref name='abn'/><ref name='NT'/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLw4C5Un4Pg A Documentary film on Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi Life and Literature]
*{{YouTube|hV0Dbl5urjI|Sribhashyam VijayaSarathi National Sanskrit Award 2018}}
*{{YouTube|h8TTLkQAHiA&feature|Sribhashyam VijayaSarathi Interview on Doordarshan}}
{{Commons category|Vijayasarathi Sribhashyam}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayasarathi, Sribhashyam}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Telangana]]
[[Category:Sanskrit grammarians]]
[[Category:People from Karimnagar district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Vasanta (season)

2026-02-05T09:16:44Z

MatildaAldrich: starting first entry more to come!

{{Short description|Spring season in Indian calendar}}
{{other uses|Basant (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}

[[File:Saraswati f. Strassenpuja.JPG|thumb|An idol of Goddess [[Saraswati]] prepared for [[Vasant Panchami|Vasanta Panchami]] in the streets of [[Kolkata]].]]
'''Vasanta''' ({{langx|sa|वसन्त|lit=Spring|translit=Vasanta}}), also referred to as '''Basant''', refers to the [[Ritu (Indian season)|Indian spring]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-03 |title=Vasanta, Vasantā, Vasamta: 32 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vasanta |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

One of the main festivals of the Vasanta season is celebrated on ''[[Vasanta Panchami]]'' ({{langx|sa|वसन्त पञ्चमी}}), which in Indian society is a cultural and religious festival, celebrated annually on the first day of spring, the fifth day (Panchami) of the [[Hindu]] month ''[[Maagha|Magha]]'' (January–February).

== Origin ==
In [[Sanskrit]] ''Vasanta'' means ''spring''. Panchami is the fifth day of ''Shukla Paksha'', the fortnight of the waxing moon in the [[Hindu]] month of Magha, (January – February). [[Vasanta Panchami]], which marks the end of the winter and heralds in spring, is dedicated to goddess [[Saraswati]]. She is a goddess of water and of a river bearing her name. Her water originates in the Himalayas, flows southeast and meets the Ganges at Prayag near its confluence with the [[Yamuna]] (Triveni). Saraswati is also a goddess of speech and learning who blesses the world with ''vach'' (words), hymns, Sanskrit and the wealth of knowledge.<ref>[http://www.hindukids.org/stories/festivals/index.html "Hindu festivals."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221825/http://www.hindukids.org/stories/festivals/index.html |date=3 March 2016 }} Hindu kids website</ref><ref>[http://www.indiasite.com/festivals/basantpanchami.html "Basant Pachami."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191300/http://www.indiasite.com/festivals/basantpanchami.html |date=4 March 2016 }} India site website.</ref> It is auspicious for children to begin school and learn their first word on this day. In the ancient Indian texts, the ''[[Vedas]]'', the prayer for Sarasvati depicts her as a pristine lady in a white dress embellished with white flowers and white pearls. She sits on a white lotus blooming in a wide stretch of water (''neluhini''). She holds a ''[[veena]]'', a string instrument similar to a sitar. No animal is sacrificed and Indians have a vegetarian meal. Saraswati's prayer concludes,
:"Oh, Mother Sarasvati, remove the darkness (ignorance) of my mind and bless me with the eternal knowledge."

== India ==
[[File:Kite shop in Lucknow.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A kite shop in Lucknow.]]
In India, Vasanta is not a [[Public holiday|national holiday]]. However, it is celebrated in North and Eastern India. Students participate in the decoration and preparation of their place of worship. A few weeks before the celebration, schools become active in organizing various annual competitions of music, debate, sports and other activities. Prizes are distributed on the day of [[Vasanta Panchami]]. Many schools organize cultural activities in the evening of the Saraswati Puja day when parents and other community members attend the functions to encourage the children.

=== Hindu festival ===
On Vasanta Pachami<ref>{{cite web |title=बसंत पंचमी (Basant Panchami) के बारे में विस्तारपूर्वक जानकारी - One Hindu Dharma |url=https://onehindudharma.org/basant-panchami/ |website=One Hindu Dharma |publisher=onehindudharma.org |access-date=19 January 2022 |language=hi-IN |date=19 January 2022}}</ref> day, everyone rises early to bathe, dress in yellow clothes, adorn their forehead with the yellow of [[turmeric]] (''[[tilak]]''), and worship the Sun God, [[Ganges in Hinduism|Mother Ganga]], and the earth. Books, articles, musical instruments, tools for art such as earthen inkpots and bamboo quills, are placed in front of the goddess to receive her blessings. The ink is made from unboiled milk water, red colour powder and silver glitter called ''avro''. Although it is auspicious for children to learn their first word on this day of celebration, everyone abstains from their usual reading and writing in deference to the goddess.

The colour yellow represents good fortune, spirituality, the ripening of the spring crops and the recent harvest. Food is coloured with [[saffron]]. The goddess Saraswati is dressed in yellow. In some traditional homes, sweetmeats of yellowish hues, such as kesar [[halva]] are offered to relatives and friends. Yellow flowers are used in abundance to decorate the places of worship. The yellow flowers of the mustard crop covers the field in such a way that it seems as if gold is spread over the land, glittering in the rays of the sun.

=== Sufi festival ===
The [[Sufis]] introduced the festival to the Muslim community in [[Indian subcontinent|India]]. By the [[Mughal Empire]] period, Basant was a popular festival at major Sufi shrines. There are, for example, historical records of Nizam Auliya ki Basant, Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki ki Basant, Khusrau ki Basant; festivals arranged around the shrines of these various Sufi saints. [[Amir Khusro]] (1253–1325) and [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] celebrated the festival with songs that used the word ''basant'' (festival).<ref>Blum S. and Neuman D. M. "Ethnomusicology and modern music history." University of Illinois Press 1993.</ref> Khusrau, a Sufi-poet of the thirteenth century, composed verses about Vasanta:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Aaj basant manaalay, suhaagan,
Aaj basant manaalay
Anjan manjan kar piya mori, lambay neher lagaalay
Tu kya sovay neend ki maasi,
So jaagay teray bhaag, suhaagun,
Aaj basant manaalay.
Oonchi naar kay oonchay chitvan,
Ayso diyo hai banaaye
Shah Amir tuhay dekhan ko,
nainon say naina milaaye,
Suhaagun, aaj basant manaalay.

Celebrate basant today,
O bride, Celebrate Basant today
Apply [[Kohl (cosmetics)#South_Asia|kajal]] to your eyes, and decorate your long hair
Oh why are you the servant of sleep?
Even your fate is wide awake,
Celebrate Basant today,
O high lady with high looks,
That is how you were made,
When the king looks at you, your eyes meet his eyes,
O Bride, Celebrate Basant today.
{{Div col end}}

==Bangladesh==
{{main|Pahela Falgun}}
[[File:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg|150px|thumb|Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pahela Falgun festival.]]
The first day of [[Spring (season)|Spring]] (Boshonto) of Bengali month [[Falgun]], of the [[Bengali calendar]], celebrated in [[Bangladesh]]<ref name=history>{{cite news |title=Pohela Falgun celebrated |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=174151/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=14 February 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074436/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=174151/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[West Bengal]] with processions, fairs and family time. In [[Bengali language|Bengali]], Pahela stands for 'first' and 'Falgun' is eleventh month of the Bengali calendar. This day is marked with colourful celebration and traditionally, women wear yellow saris to celebrate this day. This celebration is also as ''Boshonto Utshob'' ({{langx|bn|বসন্ত উৎসব }}; ''Spring Festival'').
{{clear}}

==Pakistan ==
Basant celebrations in [[Pakistan]] are limited. Instead, the ''Jashn-e-baharaan'' ([[Urdu (language)|Urdu]]) spring festival is celebrated for one month. Basant does continue in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab]],<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\03\15\story_15-3-2009_pg13_3 "Basant."] ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]'' 15 March 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/photoessay.2100.html "Pakistan's Basant festival."] Things Asian photoessay.</ref> however, the festival and the term "Basant" is associated with the annual kite flying festival rather than the historical Spring festival itself. Typically kite manufacturers announce one Sunday either in February or March as the Basant day, which sees record numbers of kites being flown across the city.

=== Besant mela, Lahore ===
Various fairs are held throughout the region. One such fair was started by Kalu Ram dedicated to the memory of [[Haqiqat Rai]].<ref>Nijjar B. S. ''Punjab under the later Mughals.'' Patyala p279.</ref> Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] held many fairs and introduced kite flying to<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zwpMGA0HH_sC&q=maharaja+ranjit+singh+introduced+kite+flying+on+basant+panchami Camille Mirepoix (1967) Now Pakistan]</ref> such fairs which he also held at [[Sufi]] shrines.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-5-38123-Festival-of-Lights-kicks-off Ansari, Shahab (26 March 2011) The News Festival of Lights kicks off]</ref>

=== Controversy ===
Basant is synonymous in Pakistan with a kite flying celebration rather than the seasonal festival association of neighbouring India. Controversy about the celebration of Basant in Pakistan is due to concerns about its safety. Safety concerns include the use of metal or glass coated kite strings (a slurry of fine glass shards which allows one flyer to cut another's kite loose), power breakdowns due to damage from kites, overcrowding and the use of firearms. In small villages, disadvantaged children were trying to pull down kites. In 2005, kite flying was banned in Pakistan. In 2009, nine people in Pakistan died in kite flying related incidents.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4792776.stm "Pakistan province kite flying ban."] BBC South Asia.</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=167136] The News. 13 March 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/12/09/pakistan.kites/ "Kite ban sparks violent protests."] CNN 9 December 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.albalagh.net/food_for_thought/basant.shtml "Kites of blasphemy: an Islamic perspective on Basant."] Albalagh blog.</ref>

==Indian Punjab region==
In the [[Punjab region]], the Vasanta Pachami is known as the ''Basant Panchami''. In the towns and villages of North India, Vasanta Pachami is celebrated as the secular [[Basant Kite Festival (Punjab)|Basant Festival]] of kites by all communities as a seasonal festival. Fields of mustard present a colourful sight all over rural Punjab. The phrase ''Ayi Basant Pala Udant'', meaning, "with the onset of spring, winter bids adieu" is used.<ref>[http://www.webindia123.com/punjab/festivals/fairs.htm "Punjab fairs."] Web India 123.</ref><ref name="times">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Basant-muse-colours-itself-in-diverse-hues/articleshow/5481966.cms "Basant muse colours itself in diverse hues."] ''The Times of India'' 20 January 2010.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Culture of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060815140117/http://ccindia.sphosting.com/basant/ "Spring festival of South Asia."] C C India.
* [http://www.chapatimystery.com/archives/holydays/basant_i.html "Holy Days, Basant."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401215229/http://www.chapatimystery.com/archives/holydays/basant_i.html |date=1 April 2019 }} Chapati Mystery website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310033006/http://blog.wired.com/wiredphotos50/ "Basant 2007, Lahore."] Wired.com website.

[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Kite festivals]]
[[Category:Culture in Lahore]]
[[Category:Spring (season)]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Sports festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:February observances]]
[[Category:January observances]]
[[Category:Hindu calendar]]

6th Delhi Assembly

2026-01-25T09:21:47Z

MatildaAldrich: small cleaned up section for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = 6th Legislative Assembly of Delhi
| legislature =
| coa_pic = Seal of the National Capital Territory of Delhi.svg
| session_room =
| house_type = [[Unicameral]]
| term_limits = 5 year
| foundation = Feb 2015
| disbanded = Jan 2020
| preceded_by = [[5th Delhi Assembly]]
| succeeded_by = [[7th Delhi Assembly]]
| new_session =
| leader1_type = Speaker of the Assembly
| leader1 = [[Ram Niwas Goel]]
| party1 = [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Dy. Speaker
| leader2 = [[Rakhi Birla]]
| party2 = [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| election2 =
| leader3_type = Chief Minister
| leader3 = [[Arvind Kejriwal]]
| party3 = [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| election3 =
| leader4_type = Leader of the House
| leader4 = [[Arvind Kejriwal]]
| party4 = [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| election4 =
| leader5_type = Leader of the Opposition
| leader5 = [[Vijender Gupta]]
| party5 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader6_type = Secretary
| leader6 = P. N. Mishra
| party6 =
| election6 =
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| salary =
| members = 70
|structure1 = India Delhi State Assembly 2015.svg
|structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =between 2015-2017 {{legend|#5BB30E|AAP: 67 seats}} {{legend|#FF9933|BJP: 3 seats}}
|structure2 = Delhi Legislative Assembly Nov 2017.svg
|structure2_res = 300px
| political_groups2 =Since Aug 2017 {{legend|#5BB30E|AAP: 66 seats}} {{legend|#FF9933|BJP: 4 seats}}
|voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|7 February 2015]]
| next_election1 = [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| meeting_place = Old Secretariat, [[Delhi]], India
| session_res = 250px
| website = {{URL|www.delhiassembly.nic.in/}}
}}
{{Arvind Kejriwal series}}
The '''Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi''' was constituted on 14 February 2015 after the [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]s were concluded earlier that month.<ref name=" Election Results ">{{cite news|title=Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/ElectionStatistics.aspx}}</ref> [[Second Kejriwal ministry]] was the cabinet during the term of 6th Delhi Assembly.

==History==
Elections for 70 assembly seats of the Delhi Legislative Assembly were concluded on 7 February 2015 and results were announced on 10 February 2015. The [[Aam Aadmi Party]] got a sweeping majority by winning 67 out of 70 seats. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] managed only 3 seats and all other parties, including the [[Indian National Congress]], could not manage to win any seats. [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] got 54.3% (4,879,127), [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] got 32.2% (2,891,510) and [[Indian National Congress|INC]] got 9.7% (867,027) of the total votes polled. A total of 6 national parties, 10 state parties, 55 registered (unrecognised) parties and 1 independent candidate contested for the 70 assembly seats.<ref name="Statistical Reports">{{cite news|title=Statistical Reports|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2015/StatReportDelhi_AE2015.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" Election Results "/><ref name=" Comprehensive Election results ">{{cite news|title=Comprehensive Election results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/ElectionStatistics.aspx}}</ref>

On 14 February 2015, [[Arvind Kejriwal]] was sworn in as the eighth Chief Minister of Delhi. Along with Kejriwal, six ministers were also sworn in the [[Second Kejriwal ministry]].<ref name=" Arvind Kejriwal takes oath ">{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal takes oath|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arvind-kejriwal-takes-oath-as-the-eighth-chief-minister-of-delhi-at-ramlila-maidan/articleshow/46242583.cms}}</ref><ref name=" Six Ministers sworn in ">{{cite news|title=Six Ministers sworn in|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/live-arvind-kejriwal-aap-cabinet-swearingin-ceremony/article6895003.ece}}</ref><ref name=" Arvind Kejriwal's cabinet ">{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal's cabinet|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=8 January 2017|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/02/14/arvind-kejriwal-is-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-whos-who-in-his-new-cabinet/}}</ref>

In April 2015, the speaker of the house recognized [[Vijender Gupta]] as the leader of opposition in the house.<ref>{{cite news|title=BJP's Vijendra Gupta Named Leader of Opposition in Delhi Assembly|publisher=NDTV|access-date=11 February 2020|url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/bjps-vijendra-gupta-appointed-leader-of-opposition-in-delhi-assembly-755616}}</ref>

[[Jarnail Singh (politician, born 1973)|Jarnail Singh]] from Aam Aadmi Party resigned on 6 January 2017 to contest against sitting Punjab CM [[Parkash Singh Badal]].<ref name="Jarnail">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/punjab-assembly-election-2017/story/punjab-election-aap-jarnail-singh-parkash-singh-badal-953533-2017-01-06|title=Assembly election: AAP's Delhi MLA Jarnail Singh quits to take on Punjab CM}}</ref> [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] party member Manjinder Singh Sirsa contested on a BJP ticket and won the Rajouri Garden assembly constituency in Feb 2017 By Poll Election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi's Rajouri Garden bypoll: BJP wins by a margin of 14,652 votes, AAP concedes third defeat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-bypoll-rajouri-garden-bjp-aap-congress-manjinder-singh-sirsa-4611440/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

AAP won the [[Bawana Assembly constituency|Bawana assembly constituency]] in the August 2017 by-polls.

As on 28 August 2017, AAP had 66 MLA, 4 belongs to BJP.

== Office holders ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Name !! Party
|-
| 01 || 2015 || Incumbent || Chief Minister || [[Arvind Kejriwal]] || [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|-
| 02 || 2015 || Incumbent || Speaker || [[Ram Niwas Goel]] || [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|-
| 03 || 2015 || Incumbent || Deputy Speaker || [[Rakhi Birla]] || [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|-
| 04 || 2015 || Incumbent || Leader of the Opposition || [[Vijender Gupta]] || [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

== Committees ==
Chairman, (2015–2020) The Estimates Committee: [[Dinesh Mohaniya]].

==List of members==
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name of elected MLA
! colspan="2"|Party affiliation
!Notes
|-
| 01 || [[Adarsh Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Adarsh Nagar]] || [[Pawan Kumar Sharma]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 02 || [[Ambedkar Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]] (SC) || [[Ajay Dutt]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 03 || [[Babarpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Babarpur]] || [[Gopal Rai]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 04 || [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur]] || [[Narayan Dutt Sharma]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 05 || [[Badli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Badli]] || [[Ajesh Yadav]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 06 || [[Ballimaran (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ballimaran]] || [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 07 || [[Bawana (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bawana]] (SC) || [[Ram Chander (politician)|Ram Chander]]|| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 08 || [[Bijwasan (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bijwasan]] || [[Devinder Kumar Sehrawat|Devinder Sehrawat]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 09 || [[Burari (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Burari]] || [[Sanjeev Jha]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 10 || [[Chandni Chowk (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Chandni Chowk]] || [[Alka Lamba]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 11 || [[Chhatarpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Chhatarpur]] || [[Kartar Singh Tanwar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 12 || [[Delhi Cantt (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Delhi Cantt]] || [[Surinder Singh (commando)|Surinder Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 13 || [[Deoli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Deoli]] (SC) || [[Prakash Jarwal]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 14 || [[Dwarka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Dwarka]] || [[Adarsh Shastri]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 15 || [[Gandhi Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Gandhi Nagar]] || [[Anil Kumar Bajpai]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 16 || [[Ghonda (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ghonda]] || [[Shri Dutt Sharma]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 17 || [[Gokalpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Gokalpur]] (SC) || [[Fateh Singh (politician)|Fateh Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 18 || [[Greater Kailash (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Greater Kailash]] || [[Saurabh Bharadwaj]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 19 || [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]] || [[Jagdeep Singh (politician)|Jagdeep Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 20 || [[Janakpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Janakpuri]] || [[Rajesh Rishi]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 21 || [[Jangpura (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Jangpura]] || [[Praveen Kumar (Delhi politician)|Praveen Kumar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 22 || [[Kalkaji (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kalkaji]] || [[Avtar Singh (politician)|Avtar Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 23 || [[Karawal Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Karawal Nagar]] || [[Kapil Mishra]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 24 || [[Karol Bagh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Karol Bagh]] (SC) || [[Vishesh Ravi]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 25 || [[Kasturba Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kasturba Nagar]] || [[Madan Lal (politician)|Madan Lal]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 26 || [[Kirari (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kirari]] || [[Rituraj Govind]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 27 || [[Kondli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kondli]] (SC) || [[Manoj Kumar (Delhi politician)|Manoj Kumar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 28 || [[Krishna Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Krishna Nagar]] || [[S.K. Bagga]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 29 || [[Laxmi Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Laxmi Nagar]] || [[Nitin Tyagi]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 30 || [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]] (SC) || [[Girish Soni]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 31 || [[Malviya Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]] || [[Somnath Bharti]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 32 || [[Mangol Puri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mangol Puri]] (SC) || [[Rakhi Birla]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 33 || [[Matia Mahal (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matia Mahal]] || [[Asim Ahmed Khan]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 34 || [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] || [[Gulab Singh (Delhi politician)|Gulab Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 35 || [[Mehrauli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mehrauli]] || [[Naresh Yadav]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 36 || [[Model Town (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Model Town]] || [[Akhilesh Pati Tripathi]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 37 || [[Moti Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Moti Nagar]] || [[Shiv Charan Goel]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 38 || [[Mundka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mundka]] || [[Sukhvir Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 39 || [[Mustafabad (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mustafabad]] || [[Jagdish Pradhan]] || {{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 40 || [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]] || [[Kailash Gahlot]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 41 || [[Nangloi Jat (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Nangloi Jat]] || [[Raghuvinder Shokeen]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 42 || [[Nerela (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Nerela]] || [[Sharad Kumar (politician)|Sharad Kumar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 43 || [[New Delhi (Delhi Assembly constituency)|New Delhi]] || [[Arvind Kejriwal]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 44 || [[Okhla (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Okhla]] || [[Amanatullah Khan]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 45 || [[Palam (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Palam]] || [[Bhavna Gaur]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 46 || [[Patel Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Patel Nagar]] (SC) || [[Hazari Lal Chauhan]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 47 || [[Patparganj (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Patparganj]] || [[Manish Sisodia]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 48 || [[R K Puram (Delhi Assembly constituency)|R.K. Puram]] || [[Parmila Tokas]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 49 || [[Rajinder Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajinder Nagar]] || [[Vijender Garg Vijay]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |50
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajouri Garden (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajouri Garden]]
|[[Jarnail Singh (politician, born 1973)|Jarnail Singh]]|| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}} || Resigned on 6 January 2017 to contest against sitting PJ CM [[Parkash Singh Badal]]<ref name="Jarnail" />
|-
| [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]] ||{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}} || Won by-election
|-
| 51 || [[Rithala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rithala]] || [[Mohinder Goyal]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 52 || [[Rohini (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rohini]] || [[Vijender Kumar (politician)|Vijender Gupta]] || {{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 53 || [[Rohtas Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rohtas Nagar]] || [[Sarita Singh]]|| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 54 || [[Sadar Bazar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Sadar Bazar]] || [[Som Dutt]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 55 || [[Sangam Vihar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Sangam Vihar]] || [[Dinesh Mohaniya]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 56 || [[Seelampur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Seelampur]] || [[Mohammad Ishraque]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 57 || [[Seemapuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Seemapuri]] (SC) || [[Rajendra Pal Gautam]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 58 || [[Shahdara (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Shahdara]] || [[Ram Niwas Goel]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 59 || [[Shakur Basti (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Shakur Basti]] || [[Satyendra Kumar Jain]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 60 || [[Shalimar Bagh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Shalimar Bagh]] || [[Bandana Kumari]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 61 || [[Sultan Pur Majra (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Sultan Pur Majra]] (SC) || [[Sandeep Kumar (politician)|Sandeep Kumar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 62 || [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]] || [[Jarnail Singh (born 1981)|Jarnail Singh]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 63 || [[Timarpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Timarpur]] || [[Pankaj Pushkar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 64 || [[Tri Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tri Nagar]] || [[Jitender Singh Tomar]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 65 || [[Trilokpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Trilokpuri]] (SC) || [[Raju Dhingan]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 66 || [[Tughlakabad (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tughlakabad]] || [[Sahi Ram]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 67 || [[Uttam Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Uttam Nagar]] || [[Naresh Balyan]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 68 || [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]] || [[Mahinder Yadav]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|-
| 69 || [[Vishwas Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vishwas Nagar]] || [[Om Prakash Sharma (Delhi politician)|Om Prakash Sharma]] || {{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 70 || [[Wazirpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Wazirpur]] || [[Rajesh Gupta]] || {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|
|}
<ref name=" Election result ">{{cite news|title=Election result|publisher=Election commission of India website|access-date=8 January 2017|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|archive-date=27 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227005206/http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
* [[First Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Third Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Seventh Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Government of Delhi]]
* [[Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]], [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]], [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]], [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]], [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]] & [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]] Delhi Legislative Assembly elections.
*[[Government of India]]
*[[Politics of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Delhi Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:Terms of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020| ]]
[[Category:2020 disestablishments in India]]

Isha Sharma

2026-01-20T18:57:29Z

MatildaAldrich: creating basic bio more to come!

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Isha Sharma
| country = [[India]]
| full_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|10|29}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/crt/main227479.pdf |title=Title Application}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Belthangady]], India
|peakrating = 2325 (August 2022)
| title = [[Woman Grandmaster]] (2026)
| FideID = 35006665
}}

'''Isha Sharma''' is an Indian chess player from [[Belthangady]], [[Dakshina Kannada district]], [[Karnataka]]. She holds the title of [[Woman Grandmaster]] (WGM) and is the first woman from Karnataka.<ref name="CBI2025">{{cite news |title=Isha Sharma becomes Karnataka's first Woman Grandmaster |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Isha-Sharma-becomes-Karnataka-s-first-and-India-s-27th-Woman-Grandmaster |work=ChessBase India |date=14 November 2025 |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=July 24, 2022 |title=Isha Sharma is Karnataka's first woman International Master |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/isha-sharma-is-karnatakas-first-woman-international-master/articleshow/93079862.cms |work=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=ವಾರ್ತೆ |first1=ಪ್ರಜಾವಾಣಿ |title=Chess: ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಮೊದಲ ಮಹಿಳಾ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಎನಿಸಿದ ಇಶಾ |url=https://www.prajavani.net/sports/other-sports/isha-sharma-karnataka-first-woman-grandmaster-3632629 |work=Prajavani |language=kn}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Sharma hails from Belthangady in coastal Karnataka. She took up chess at a young age and trained through state-level coaching programmes.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Karnataka State Women's Chess Championship: Isha Sharma wins title |url=https://starofmysore.com/karnataka-state-womens-chess-championships-isha-sharma-wins-title/ |work=Star of Mysore |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

== Chess career ==

Sharma achieved success in state and national tournaments and won the Karnataka State Women's Chess Championship, establishing herself as a top player in the state.<ref name="auto"/>
Sharma secured her Woman Grandmaster norms at international tournaments held in Slovakia, Morocco, and Serbia, completing her final norm in 2025.<ref name="CBI2025" />

== Woman Grandmaster title ==

In November 2025, Sharma completed all requirements for the Woman Grandmaster title, becoming Karnataka's first Woman Grandmaster and the 27th Indian woman to receive the title.<ref name="CBI2025" />
== Playing profile ==

Sharma regularly competes in national and international tournaments and is listed in the [[FIDE]] rating database. She is also involved in training and mentoring young chess players in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIDE Profile – Sharma, Isha |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/35006665 |publisher=FIDE |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Isha}}
[[Category:Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Indian female chess players]]
[[Category:Chess Woman Grandmasters]]
[[Category:Tulu people]]
[[Category:People from Mangalore]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century chess players]]

Harshitha Bopaiah

2026-01-05T22:12:42Z

MatildaAldrich: creating some entry w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian basketball player (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}

'''Kelettira Harshitha Bojamma Bopaiah''' (born 31 July 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Harshitha Kelttira Bopaiah (India) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/23413-harshitha-kelttira-bopaiah |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[basketball]] player from [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":0" /> She plays for the [[India women's national basketball team]] as a power forward. She plays for Railways in the domestic tournaments and for Karnataka in the National Games.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sreekala to lead Team India in SABA qualifiers, two other Keralites in squad |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/other-sports/2025/02/20/saba-qualifiers-three-kerala-basketball-players-india-squad-sreekala-captain.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=OnManorama.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bopaiah is from [[Napoklu]], [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]], Karnataka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chengappa |first=Sachitha |date=2018-08-17 |title=Kelettira Harshitha Bojamma |url=https://kodavaclan.com/kodaguheritage/kelettira-harshitha-bojamma/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Kodagu Heritage |language=en-US}}</ref> She was born to Mandepanda Mala Bopaiah and Dore Bopaiah, who was a state hockey player. She studied at Sri Rama Trust English Medium School, Napoklu before doing her BCom at ShaShib college, Bengaluru. She is currently studying at Reva University and plays for their team in college events.<ref name=":0" /> As a school student, she first took to athletics and did well in high jump and long jump events. But on the suggestion of her athletics coach K. Satyanarayana, she shifted to basketball.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudarshan |first=N. |date=2018-11-10 |title=Harshitha Bopaiah: 'I have proved that I can do well' |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/basketball/harshitha-bopaiah-fiba-u-18-womens-asian-championship-india-mysuru-bcom-zoran-visic-sathya-interview/article25464189.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In 2013, at the Mysuru Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports run hostel selection trials for admission, she was selected for both athletics and basketball. But she opted for the latter, and in 2014 started playing for Karnataka in the Nationals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harshitha carving a different path |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/harshitha-carving-different-702450.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
In February 2025, she is selected for the Indian team to play the [[2025 SABA Women's Championship|3rd South Asian Basketball Association Women's Championship 2025]] qualifiers at [[New Delhi]] from 23 to 26 February 2025.<ref name=":1" /> The Indian team played [[Maldives women's national football team results|Maldives]] and [[Nepal women's national football team|Nepal]] and won both the matches for a berth in the [[FIBA Women's Asia Cup|FIBA women's Asia Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pitts |first=Andre |date=23 February 2025 |title=Indian basketball team opens campaign with 113-32 win over Nepal |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/saba-women-championship-2025-basketball-india-vs-nepal-match-report |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> She played both the matches, and the final against Maldives, at Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats India vs. Nepal |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624275/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats India vs. Maldives |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624277/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats - Final - India vs. Maldives |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624278/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref>

Earlier in 2017, Bopaiah was selected for the Indian team to play the ISF World School Games at [[Croatia]] and later for the National team for the [[FIBA 3x3 U17 Asia Cup|FIBA 3x3 Under 18 Asia Cup]] in [[Malaysia]]. In October 2018, she also played the [[FIBA Under-18 Women's Asian Championship|FIBA Under 18 Women's Asian Championship]] at Sri Kanteerava Stadium, Bengaluru, where India clinched a place for Division A.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know Your Squad: Indian women's basketball team for SABA Women's Championship 2025 |url=https://khelnow.com/basketball/saba-womens-championship-2025-india-squad-facts-202502 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudarshan |first=N. |date=2018-10-30 |title=FIBA U-18 Women's Asian Championship: India enters Division B semifinals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/basketball/fiba-u-18-womens-asian-championship-india-beats-singapore-to-enter-semifinals/article25373699.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudarshan |first=N. |date=2018-10-28 |title=Asian Basketball Championship: Narrow win for India U-18 girls |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/basketball/asian-basketball-championship-narrow-win-for-india-u-18-girls/article25354114.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bopaiah, Harshitha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's basketball players]]
[[Category:Basketball players from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Power forwards]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Swaroop Sagar Lake

2026-01-03T05:27:17Z

MatildaAldrich:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Improve images|date=July 2025}}{{Infobox body of water
| name = Swaroop Sagar Lake
| other_name = Swaroop Lake
| image =
| caption =
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| coords = {{Coord|24.585|73.682|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[reservoir]], fresh water, [[polymictic]]
| inflow =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = India
| pushpin_map = Rajasthan
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Swaroop Sagar lake within Rajasthan
| length ={{convert|4|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2.5|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|10.5|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}}
| volume = 
| shore =
| elevation =
| islands =
| cities = [[Udaipur]]
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Swaroop Sagar Lake''' is situated in the city of [[Udaipur]] in the [[Rajasthan]] state of [[India]]. It is an artificially created lake, named after [[Maharana]] [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur]]. It is also known as Kumharia Talab, which is a combined water body comprising other nearby lakes [[Fateh_Sagar_Lake |Fateh Sagar Lake]] and Lake [[Pichola]].<ref name="DiscoveredIndia">{{cite web|title=Swaroop Sagar Lake|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/rajasthan/attractions/lakes/swaroop-sagar-lake.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801043051/http://www.discoveredindia.com/rajasthan/attractions/lakes/swaroop-sagar-lake.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 August 2015|website=DiscoveredIndia.com|publisher=Discovered India|access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref>

Reports from the Udaipur Lake Conservation Society suggests that lakes in Udaipur helps in ground water recharge, while providing water for drinking, agricultural use and industrial use. This generates employment for around 60 percent population of Udaipur.
<ref name=Jheel>{{cite web |url=http://greeningindia.net/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=23 |title=Jheel Sanrakshan Samiti (Udaipur Lake Conservation Society) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716124749/http://greeningindia.net/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=23 |archive-date=16 July 2009 }}</ref>

==History==
Swaroop Sagar lake was built by Maharana [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur]] during 1857s. This lake was built to avoid water congestion, and to balance the water level in the connecting lakes, namely [[Fateh Sagar Lake]] and [[Pichola Lake]].<ref name="DiscoveredIndia" />

== Access ==
Swaroop Sagar lake is located in north-west of [[Udaipur]], adjacent to the [[Fateh Sagar Lake]] and [[Lake Pichola]]. It is situated behind the [[Jagdish Temple]] near [[Chandpole]] connecting to [[Rang Sagar Lake|Rangsagar]]. The Swaroop Sagar Lake is approachable by road from the Udaipur City. Visitors can take Local buses, [[Tongas]], [[Auto rickshaw|auto-rickshaws]] and taxis to reach Swaroop Sagar. The lake is a 3.5km. drive from the City Station. There is no entry ticket levied on a visit to Swaroop Sagar.

==See also==
* [[List of dams and reservoirs in India]]
* [[List of lakes in India]]
* [[Udaipur]]
* [[Tourist Attractions in Udaipur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}
{{Udaipur}}

[[Category:Reservoirs in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lakes of Udaipur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Udaipur]]

Dharavi (disambiguation)

2025-12-28T19:53:50Z

MatildaAldrich: new basic data from scratch!

'''[[Dharavi]]''' is a slum in Mumbai, India.

'''Dharavi''' may also refer to:

*[[Dharavi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], a constituency located in Mumbai City district
*[[Dharavi metro station]], of the Mumbai Metro
*[[Dharavi Island]], in Mumbai
*[[Gorai#Dharavi Island|Dharavi Bhet]], a peninsula near Mumbai, India
*[[Dharavi (1992 film)|''Dharavi'' (1992 film)]], a 1992 Indian Hindi-language film
*[[Dharavi (2018 film)|''Dharavi'' (2018 film)]], a 2018 Indian Tamil-language film

== See also ==
*''[[Dharavi Bank]]'', a 2022 Indian television series

{{disambiguation}}

Rabatak inscription

2025-12-06T03:03:55Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding The Data W/ Refs!

{{Short description|Inscription written on a rock found in Afghanistan}}
{{cleanup|reason=Non-English words should be tagged with {{tl|lang}} for consistent formatting, screen readers, and automated spell checkers.|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox artifact
| image = [[File:Rabatak inscription.jpg|250px]]
| name = Rabatak Inscription
| image_caption = The Rabatak Inscription
| material =
| size =
| writing =
| created =
| period = 2nd century CE
| place = [[Robatak, Afghanistan|Rabatak]], [[Baghlan Province]], [[Afghanistan]]
| discovered_coords = {{coord|36.149434|68.404101|display=inline, title}}
| location = [[Kabul Museum]], [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]]
| map = {{Location map|Afghanistan
|width =
|float = center
|border =
|caption =
|alt =
|relief = yes
|AlternativeMap=
|overlay_image =
|label = Rabatak
|label_size =
|position =
|background =
|mark =
|marksize =
|link =
|lat_deg = 36
|lat_min = 8
|lat_sec = 58
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 68
|lon_min = 24
|lon_sec = 13
|lon_dir = E
}}
| id =
| registration =
}}
The '''Rabatak Inscription''' is a stone inscribed with text written in the [[Bactrian language]] and [[Greek script]], found in 1993 at [[Robatak, Afghanistan|Rabatak]], near [[Surkh Kotal]] in [[Afghanistan]]. The inscription relates to the rule of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor [[Kanishka]], and gives remarkable clues on the genealogy of the Kushan dynasty. It dates to the 2nd century CE.

== Discovery ==
The Rabatak inscription was found near the top of an artificial hill, a Kushan site, near the main [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|Kabul-Mazar highway]], to the southeast of the Rabatak pass which is currently the border between [[Baghlan Province|Baghlan]] and [[Samangan Province|Samangan]] provinces. It was found by Afghan mujahideen digging a trench at the top of the site, along with several other stone sculptural elements such as the paws of a giant stone lion, which have since disappeared.

An English aid worker who belonged to the [[demining]] organization [[HALO Trust]], witnessed and took a photograph of the inscription before reporting the discovery. The photograph was sent to the
[[British Museum]], where its significance as an official document that named four kings of Kushan, was recognised by [[Joe Cribb]]. He determined that it was similar to an inscription found in the 1950s at [[Surkh Kotal]] by the [[French Archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan]]. Cribb shared the photograph with one of only a handful of living people able to read the Bactrian language, [[Nicholas Sims-Williams]] of the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (SOAS). More photographs arrived from HALO Trust workers, and a first translation was published by Cribb and Sims-Williams in 1996.

{{fs interlinear|number=1.
| [….]νο βωγο στοργο κανηþκε κοþανο ραþτογο λαδειγo χοαζαοαργο βαγ[η]-
| [….]no bōgo storgo kanēške košan raštog lādeigo xoazaoargo bag[ē]-
| . . . of the great salvation, [[Kanishka]] the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]], the righteous, the just, the autocrat, the god
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=2.
| ζνογο κιδι ασo νανα oδo ασo oισπoανo µι βαγανo ι þαoδανo αβoρδo κιδι ιωγo χþoνo
| znogo kidi aso Nana odo aso oispoan mi bagano i šaodano abordo kidi iōg xšono
| worthy of worship, who has obtained the kingship from [[Nana (Kushan goddess)|Nana]] and from all the gods, who has inaugurated the year one
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=3.
| νoβαστo σ(α)γωνδι βαγανo σινδαδo oτηια ι ιωναγγo oασo oζoαστo ταδηια αριαo ωσ-
| nobasto s(a)gōndi bagano sindado otēia i iōnaggo oaso ozoasto tadēia ariao ōs-
| as the gods pleased. And he *issued a [[Greek language|Greek]] *edict (and) then he put it into [[Bactrian language|Aryan]].
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=4.
| ταδo αβo ιωγo χþoν(o) αβo [ι] ιυνδo φρoαγδαζo αβo þατριαγγε þαoρε αγιτα κoo-
| tado abo iōg xšon(o) abo [i] iundo froagdazo abo šatriagge šaore agita koo-
| In the year one it has been proclaimed unto [[Pakistan|Sindh]], unto the *whole of the realm of the *[[kshatriyas]], that (as for)
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=5.
| αδηανo oδo ι oα(σ)πo oδ(o) [ι ζ]αγηδo oδo ι κωζ(αµ)βo oδo ι παλαβoτρo oιδρα αδα αβo ι ζιριτ-
| adēano odo i oa(s)po od(o) [i z]agēdo odo i kōz(am)bo odo i palabotro oidra ada abo i zirit-
| them – both the (city of) . . . and the (city of) [[Saketa]], and the (city of) [[Kausambi]], and the (city of) [[Pataliputra]], as far as the (city of) [[Janjgir-Champa|Sri-Campa]]
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=6.
| αµβo σιδηιανo πρoβαo oδo µανδαρσι ζαopανo αβo ι σινδo ωσταδo oτη(ι)α αρoυγo
| ambo sidēiano probao odo mandarsi zaorano abo i sindo ōstado otē(i)a arougo
| – whatever rulers and other *important persons (they might have) he had submitted to (his) will, and he had submitted all
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=7.
| ιυνδo (αβo) ι σινδo ωσταδo ταδι þαι κανηþκε αβo þαφαρo καραλραγγo φρoµαδo
| iundo (abo) i sindo ōstado tadi šai kanēške abo šafaro karalraggo fromado
| [[Sindh]] to (his) will. Then King Kanishka gave orders to Shafar the Karalrang<ref group="Note">Karalrang means "Lord of the border land". See: {{cite book |last1=Sundermann |first1=Werner |last2=Hintze |first2=Almut |last3=Blois |first3=François de |title=Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams |date=2009 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05937-4 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3gOdaiXNKkC&pg=PA216 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=8.
| (α)βειναo βαγoλαγγo κιρδι σιδι β…αβo ριζδι αβo µα καδγε ραγα φαρειµoανo β-
| (a)beinao bagolango kirdi sidi b…abo rizdi abo ma kadge raga fareimoano b-
| *at this . . . to make the sanctuary which is called B . . . ab, in the *plain of Ka . . ., for these
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=9.
| (α)γα(ν)o κιδι µαρo κιρδαν(ε) ι µα..o[φ]αρρo oµµα ooηλδι ια αµσα νανα oδo ια αµ-
| (a)ga(n)o kidi maro kirdan(e) i ma…o[f]arro omma ooēldi ia amsa nana odo ia am-
| gods, (of) whom the . . . *glorious Umma leads the *service here, (namely:) the *lady [[Nana (Kushan goddess)|Nana]] and the
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=10.
| σα oµµα αoρoµoζδo µoζδoo(α)νo σρoþαρδo ναρασαo µιιρo oτηια oυδoα-
| sa omma aoromozdo mozdoo(a)no srošardo narasao miiro otēia oudoa-
| lady Umma, Aurmuzd, the gracious one, Sroshard, Narasa, (and) [[Mithra|Mihr]]. [interlinear text: . . . and he is called [[Maaseno]], and he is called Bizago] And he likewise
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=11.
| νo πι(δo)γιρβo φρoµαδo κιρδι ειµoανo βαγανo κιδι µασκα νιβιχτιγενδι oτ-
| no pi(do)girbo fromado kirdi eimoano bagano kidi maska nibixtigendi ot-
| gave orders to make images of these gods who are written above, and
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=12.
| ηια φρoµαδo αβειµoανo þαoνανo κιρδι αβo κoζoυλo καδφισo þαo αβo ι φρ-
| ēia fromado abeimoano šaonano kirdi abo kozoulo kadfiso šao abo i fr-
| he gave orders to make (them) for these kings: for King [[Kujula Kadphises]] (his) great
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=13.
| oνιαγo (o)δo α(βo o)oηµo (τ)ακτoo þαo α(β)[o] ι νια(γ)o oδo αβo ooηµo καδφισo þαo αβo
| oniago (o)do a(bo o)oēmo (t)akto šao a(b)[o] i nia(g)o odo abo ooēmo kadfiso šao abo
| grandfather, and for King [[Vima Taktu]], (his) grandfather, and for King [[Vima Kadphises]]
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=14.
| (ι) πιδα oδo αβo ι χoβιε αβo κανηþκo þαo tα σαγωνδι þαoνανo þαo ι βαγoπoo-
| (i) pido odo abo i xobie abo kanēško šao ta sagōndi šaonano šao i bagopoo-
| (his) father, and *also for himself, King [[Kanishka]]. Then, as the king of kings, the Devaputra<ref group="Note">"Devaputra" means "Son of the Gods" in Indian languages.</ref>
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=15.
| ρακ[α]νε […] φρ(o)µαδo κιρδι ταδι þαφαρε καραλραγγε κιρδo ειo βαγoλαγγo
| rak[a]ne […] fr(o)mado kirdi tadi šafare karalraggo kirdo eio bagolaggo
| . . . had given orders to do, Shafar the Karalrang made this sanctuary.
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=16.
| {[ ]o} καραλραγγo oδo þαφαρo καραλραγγo oδo νoκoνζoκo ι αþτoo-
| {} karalraggo odo šafaro karalraggo odo nokonzoko i aštoo-
| [Then . . .] the Karalrang, and Shafar the Karalrang, and Nukunzuk [led] the worship
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=17.
| α[λγo κιρ]δo ια φρoµανo ειµιδβα βαγε κιδι µαρo νιβιχτιγενδι ταδανo αβo þαoν-
| a[lgo kir]do ia fromano eimidba bage kidi maro nibixtigendi tadano abo šaon-
| [according to] the (king's) command. (As for) *these gods who are written here – may they [keep] the
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=18.
| αν(o) þαo αβo κανηþκε κoþανo αβo ιαoηδανι ζoρριγι λρoυ(γ)o αγγαδ…γo oανινδ-
| an(o) šao abo kanēške košano abo iaoēdani zorrigi lrou(g)o aggad…go oanind-
| king of kings, Kanishka the Kushan, for ever healthy, *secure, (and) victorious.
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=19.
| o π[…]ι(ν)δι oδ[…](δ)ι βα(γ)επooρo ασo ιωγo χþoνo αβo ιo (α) χþoνo ιυνδo αρoυγo ν-
| o p[…]i(n)di od[..](d)i ba(g)epooro aso iōgo xšono abo io (a) xšono iundo arougo n-
| And [when] the devaputra, the *ruler from the year one to the year *one *thousand,
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=20.
| αρα[ ]ι β(α)γoλαγγo αβo ιωγo χþoνo ασπαδo ταδι αβo ι αρηµεσo χþoνo αγγαρ[…]
| ara[ ]i b(a)golaggo abo iōgo xšono aspado tadi abo i arēmeso xšono aggar[…]
| had *founded the sanctuary in the year one, then *also to the . . . year. . .
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=21.
| []χα[ π]ιδo þαo φρoµανα αβισσι παρηνα λαδo αβισσι ρηδγε λαδo αβισσ[ι..]
| []xa[ p]ido šao fromana abissi parēna lado abissi rēdge lado abiss[i..]
| according to the king's command . . . (and) it was given also to the . . ., (and) it was given also to the . . ., (and) also to
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=22.
| [ ]þαι µαδ...α (α)βo βαγανo λαδo oδo φαρειµoανo αχoδανo [σι]δι [α]βo µι βαγε λ[αδo]
| [ ]šai mad…a (a)bo bagano lado ado fareimoano axodano [si]di abo mi bage l[ado]
| . . . the king gave an *endowment to the gods, and . . .
}}

{{fs interlinear|number=23.
| [ ]ατιδ(η)oσ[
| [ ]atid(ē)os
|
}}

Because of the civil war in Afghanistan years passed before further examination was possible. In April 2000 Jonathan Lee, an English specialist in Afghan history, travelled with Robert Kluijver, director of the Society for the Preservation of Afghanistan's Cultural Heritage, from [[Mazar-i Sharif]] to [[Puli Khumri|Pul-i Khumri]], the provincial capital of Baghlan, to locate the stone. It was eventually found in a storehouse at the Department of Mines and Industry. Lee took photographs that allowed Sims-Williams to publish a more accurate translation, and another translation once Sims-Williams had examined the stone in person (2008).

[[File:Kushan script.jpg|thumb|Variations of the [[Greek alphabet]] (narrow columns) in the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] script (wide columns)]]
In July 2000 Robert Kluijver travelled with a delegation of the [[Kabul Museum]] to Pul-i Khumri to retrieve the stone inscription (weighing between {{convert|500|and|600|kg|disp=sqbr}}). It was brought by car to Mazar-i Sharif and flown from there to Kabul. At the time the Taliban had a favorable policy towards the preservation of Afghan cultural heritage, including pre-Islamic heritage. The inscription, whose historical value had meanwhile been determined by Sims-Williams, became the centrepiece of the exhibition of the (few) remaining artifacts in the Kabul Museum, leading to a short-lived inauguration of the museum on 17 August 2000. Senior Taliban officials objected to the display of pre-Islamic heritage, which led to the closing of the museum (and the transfer of the Rabatak inscription to safety), a reversal of the cultural heritage policy and eventually leading to the destruction of the [[Buddhas of Bamyan]] and other pre-Islamic statuary (from February 2001 onwards).

Today the Rabatak inscription is again on display in the reopened [[Afghan National Museum]], or Kabul Museum.

The Rabatak site, again visited by Robert Kluijver in March 2002, has been looted and destroyed (the looting was performed with bulldozers), reportedly by the local commander at Rabatak.

== Main findings ==
[[File:Map of the Kushan Empire.png|thumb|270x270px|Territories of the Kushans under Kaniska according to the Rabatak inscription (for the Indian part of Kanishka's territory).]]

=== Religion ===
The first lines of the inscription describe Kanishka as:
:"the great salvation, the righteous, just autocrat, worthy of divine worship, who has obtained the kingship from [[Nana (Afghan goddess)|Nana]] and from all the gods, who has inaugurated the year one as the gods pleased" (Trans. Sims-Williams)

=== The "Arya language" ===
Follows a statement regarding the writing of the inscription itself, indicating that the language used by Kanishka in his inscription was self-described as the "[[Arya (Iran)|Aryan]] language".
:"It was he who laid out (i.e. discontinued the use of) the Ionian ("ιωνα", [[Yona]], Greek) speech and then placed the Arya ("αρια", [[Arya (Iran)|Aryan]]) speech."

=== Regnal eras ===
Also, Kanishka announces the beginning of a new era starting with the year 1 of his reign, abandoning the therefore "Great Arya Era" which had been in use, possibly meaning the [[Vikrama era]] of 58 BCE.

=== Territorial extent ===
Lines 4 to 7 describe the cities which were under the rule of Kanishka, among which four names are identifiable: [[Saketa]], [[Kausambi]], [[Pataliputra]], and [[Janjgir-Champa|Champa]] (although the text is not clear whether Champa was a possession of Kanishka or just beyond it). The Rabatak inscription is significant in suggesting the actual extent of Kushan rule under Kanishka, which would go significantly beyond traditionally held boundaries:<ref>See also the analysis of [[Sims-Williams]] and J.Cribb, who had a central role in the decipherment: "A new Bactrian inscription of Kanishka the Great", in "Silk Road Art and Archaeology" No.4, 1995–1996.</ref>

=== Succession ===
Finally, Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: [[Kujula Kadphises]] as his great-grandfather, [[Vima Taktu]] as his grandfather, [[Vima Kadphises]] as his father, and himself Kanishka:

:"for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)

==Mukherjee translation ==
[[File:KanishkaCoin3.JPG|thumb|[[Kanishka]] ordered the carving of the Rabatak inscription.]]

[[B. N. Mukherjee]] also published a translation of the inscription.<ref>B. N. Mukherjee, "The Great Kushana Testament", ''Indian Museum Bulletin'', Calcutta, 1995; quoted in ''Ancient Indian Inscriptions'', S.R. Goyal, 2005</ref><ref>[http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/main?url=oi%3Fikey%3D314742%26bookid%3D783%26region%3D10%26subregion%3D65 Here]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} the greek transcription can be found.</ref>

:1–3
:"The year one of Kanishka, the great deliverer, the righteous, the just, the autocrat, the god, worthy of worship, who has obtained the kingship from [[Nana (Afghan goddess)|Nana]] and from all the gods, who has laid down (i.e. established) the year one as the gods pleased."
:3–4
:"And it was he who laid out (i.e. discontinued the use of) the Ionian speech and then placed the Arya (or Aryan) speech (i.e. replaced the use of Greek by the Aryan or Bactrian language)."
:4–6
:"In the year one, it has been proclaimed unto [[Sindh]], unto the whole realm of the governing class including Koonadeano (Kaundinya< [[Kundina]]) and the city of Ozeno (Ozene, [[Ujjain]]) and the city of Zageda ([[Saketa]]) and the city of Kozambo ([[Kausambi]]) and the city of Palabotro ([[Pataliputra]]) and so long unto (i.e. as far as) the city of Ziri-tambo ([[Champa, Chhattisgarh|Sri-Champa]])."
:6–7
:"Whichever rulers and the great householders there might have been, they submitted to the will of the king and all India submitted to the will of the king."
:7–9
:"The king Kanishka commanded Shapara (Shaphar), the master of the city, to make the [[Nana (Afghan goddess)|Nana]] Sanctuary, which is called (i.e. known for having the availability of) external water (or water on the exterior or surface of the ground), in the plain of Kaeypa, for these deities – of whom are Ziri (Sri) Pharo (Farrah) and Omma."
:9-9A
:"To lead are the Lady Nana and the Lady Omma, Ahura Mazda, Mazdooana, Srosharda, who is called ... and Komaro (Kumara) and called Maaseno (Mahasena) and called Bizago (Visakha), Narasao and Miro (Mihara)."
:10–11
:"And he gave same (or likewise) order to make images of these deities who have been written above."
:11–14
:"And he ordered to make images and likenesses of these kings: for king [[Kujula Kadphises]], for the great grandfather, and for this grandfather Saddashkana ([[Sadashkana]]), the [[Soma (drink)|Soma]] sacrificer, and for king [[Vima Kadphises|V'ima Kadphises]], for the father, and for himself (?), king [[Kanishka]]."
:14–15
:"Then, as the king of kings, the son of god, had commanded to do, Shaphara, the master of the city, made this sanctuary."
:16–17
:"Then, the master of the city, Shapara, and Nokonzoka led worship according to the royal command."
:17–20
:"These gods who are written here, then may ensure for the king of kings, Kanishka, the Kushana, for remaining for eternal time healthy., secure and victorious... and further ensure for the son of god also having authority over the whole of India from the year one to the year thousand and thousand."
:20
:"Until the sanctuary was founded in the year one, to (i.e. till) then the Great Arya year had been the fashion."
:21
:"...According to the royal command, Abimo, who is dear to the emperor, gave capital to Pophisho."
:22
:"...The great king gave (i.e. offered worship) to the deities."
:23
:"..."

'''Note:''' This translation differs from [[Nicholas Sims-Williams]], who has "Vima Taktu" as the grandfather of Kanishka (lines 11–14). Further, Sims-Williams does not read the words "Saddashkana" or "Soma" anywhere in the inscription.<ref>"Bactrian Documents from Ancient Afghanistan" at {{cite web |url=http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html |title=Sims-Williams --- Bactrian |accessdate=2007-05-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610192252/http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html |archivedate=2007-06-10 }}.</ref><ref>Sims-Williams (1998), p.82</ref><ref>Sims-Williams (2008), pp. 56–57.</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Religion in Afghanistan]]
*[[Pre-Islamic Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan]]
{{History of Afghanistan}}

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* Sims-Williams, Nicholas and Cribb, Joe 1996, "A New Bactrian Inscription of Kanishka the Great", Silk Road Art and Archaeology, volume 4, 1995–6, Kamakura, pp. 75–142.
* Fussman, Gérard (1998). "L’inscription de Rabatak et l’origine de l’ère saka." ''[[Journal asiatique]]'' 286.2 (1998), pp. 571–651.
* Pierre Leriche, Chakir Pidaev, Mathilde Gelin, Kazim Abdoulaev, " La Bactriane au carrefour des routes et des civilisations de l'Asie centrale : Termez et les villes de Bactriane-Tokharestan ", Maisonneuve et Larose – IFÉAC, Paris, 2001 {{ISBN|2-7068-1568-X}} . Actes du colloque de Termez 1997. (Several authors, including Gérard Fussman « L'inscription de Rabatak. La Bactriane et les Kouchans » )
* S.R. Goyal "Ancient Indian Inscriptions" Kusumanjali Book World, Jodhpur (India), 2005.
* Sims-Williams, Nicholas (1998): "Further notes on the Bactrian inscription of Rabatak, with an Appendix on the names of Kujula Kadphises and Vima Taktu in Chinese." ''Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies Part 1: Old and Middle Iranian Studies''. Edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. Wiesbaden. 1998, pp. 79–93.[http://azargoshnasp.net/languages/Sogh/Kanishkainscription.pdf]
* Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2004). "The Bactrian Inscription of Rabatak: A New Reading." ''Bulletin of the Asia Institute'' 18, 2004, pp. 53–68.

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070610192252/http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html Sims-Williams on the Rabatak inscription]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070709215122/http://www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/images/bact_b04.jpg Photograph of the Rabatak inscription]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101217223414/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jneelis/dissertation/Chapter%202.Historical%20Overview.final.6-4-01.pdf Indian inscriptions]
*[http://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/38813880101.pdf Greek transcription]

[[Category:2nd-century inscriptions]]
[[Category:Bactrian inscriptions]]
[[Category:Linguistic history of India]]
[[Category:Kushan Empire]]
[[Category:1993 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Afghanistan]]

Government of Haryana

2025-11-28T13:22:28Z

MatildaAldrich: Article updated with latest changes

{{Short description|Indian state government}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{infobox government
| government_name = Government of Haryana
| image = Emblem of Haryana.svg
| image_size = 150px
| division_type = [[Seat of government|Seat of Government]]
| division = [[Chandigarh]]
| leader_type = [[Governor (India)|Governor]]
|website={{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| leader_title = [[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Ashim Kumar Ghosh appointed Governor of Haryana
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/haryana/professor-ashim-kumar-ghosh-appointed-governor-of-haryana/article69810596.ece |website=thehindu |location= |publisher= |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
| leader_type2 = [[List of chief ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister]]
| leader_title2 = [[Nayab Singh Saini]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_type3 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Haryana|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| leader_title3 = Vacant
| leader_type4 = [[Home Secretary (India)|Home Secretary]]
| leader_title4 = [[Sumita Misra]] [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| legislature_label = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly]]
| legislature = {{ubl|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]|}}
| speaker_label = [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairmen#Haryana|Speaker]]
| speaker = [[Harvinder Kalyan]]
| deputy_speaker_label = [[Speaker (politics)|Deputy Speaker]]
| deputy_speaker = [[Krishan Lal Middha]]
| members_in_assembly_label = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members in Assembly]]
| members_in_assembly = 90
| legislative_council_label = [[State legislative councils of India|Council]]
| branch4 = [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]]
| court_name = [[High courts of India|High Court]]
| court = [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| chief_justice_label = [[List of current Indian chief justices|Chief Justice]]
| chief_justice = [[Sheel Nagu]]
|nativename=हरियाणा सरकार}}

'''Government of Haryana''', also known as the '''State Government of Haryana''', or locally as the '''Haryana Government''', is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of [[Haryana]] and its [[Districts of Haryana|22 districts]]. It consists of an [[executive branch|executive]], ceremonially led by the [[Governor of Haryana]] and otherwise by the [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister]], a [[judiciary]], and a [[legislative]] branch.

==Branches of government==

===Executive===
The head of state of Haryana is the Governor, appointed by the [[President of India]] on the advice of the central government. The [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] is the head of [[Council of Ministers of Haryana]] and is vested with most of the executive powers to run the [[List of districts of Haryana|22 districts of Haryana]] across its [[Divisions of Haryana|six divisions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haryana Government {{!}} Birth Place of the Gita {{!}} India |url=https://haryana.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{main|Second Saini ministry}}

===Legislative===
[[Chandigarh]] is the capital of Haryana and houses the [[Haryana Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) and the secretariat. The city also serves as the capital of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and is a [[union territory]] of India.

The present [[Legislative Assembly of Haryana]] is [[unicameral]], consisting of 90 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members of the legislative assembly]] (MLAs). Its term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/haryana.htm| title = Haryana Legislative Assembly| access-date = 2008-05-12| work = Legislative Bodies in India| publisher = National Informatics Centre, Government of India }}</ref>

===Judicial===
The [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]], located in Chandigarh, has jurisdiction over the whole state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm|title=Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts|access-date=2008-05-12|publisher=Eastern Book Company}}</ref>

== Government Schemes by Haryana Government ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sr. No
!Name of Government Scheme
!Launched on
!Sector
|-
|1.
#
|Old Age Samman Allowance<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Age Samman Allowance {{!}} Haryana Government {{!}} India |url=https://haryana.gov.in/scheme/old-age-samman-allowance/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|1/11/2014
|Social Welfare
|-
|2.
|Widow Pension Scheme<ref>{{Cite web |title=Widow Pension Scheme {{!}} Haryana Government {{!}} India |url=https://haryana.gov.in/scheme/widow-pension-scheme/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|1/11/2014
|Social Welfare Scheme
|-
|3.
|Financial Assistance to Destitute Children Scheme(FADC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Assistance to Destitute Children Scheme(FADC) {{!}} Haryana Government {{!}} India |url=https://haryana.gov.in/scheme/financial-assistance-to-destitute-children-schemefadc/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|1/11/2014
|Financial Assistance- State Scheme
|-
|4.
|Parivar Pehchan Patra<ref>{{Cite web |last=PPP |first=Haryana |date=2022-02-26 |title=PPP haryana - Parivar Pehchan Patra Yojana 2022 |url=https://meraparivar.haryana.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=PPP Haryana |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502120645/https://meraparivar.haryana.gov.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|04/08/2020
|State Government
|}

==Agencies==
#[[Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority]]

===State Public Sector Undertakings===
#[[Haryana Rail Infrastructure Development Corporation]], a JV of Government of Haryana and Ministry of Railways
#[[Gurugram Metropolitan City Bus Limited]]
# Haryana Orbital Rail Corporation Limited
# Haryana Knowledge Corporation Limited

== See also ==
* [[Divisions of Haryana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://haryana.gov.in/ Official website]

{{Government of India by state or territory}}
{{Haryana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Government of Haryana| ]]

Patrick Heller

2025-11-07T04:28:41Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding The Entry V1

{{Short description|American sociologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox academic|honorific_prefix=|name=Patrick Heller|image=|spouse=|notable_works=The Labor of Development: Workers and the Transformation of Capitalism in Kerala, India; Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins and Prospects|thesis_title=The Politics of Redistributive Development: State and Class in Kerala, India|known_for=Development Theory in Brazil, India and South Africa|alma_mater=[[University of California]]|workplaces=[[Brown University]], [[Columbia University]]}}

'''Patrick Heller''' is an American sociologist and the director of the development research program at the [[Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs]] at [[Brown University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=sm37@brown.edu|date=2018-05-10|title=Patrick Heller|url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/sociology/people/patrick-heller|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Sociology {{!}} Brown University|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Patrick Heller completed his bachelor's degree in arts in Sociology and South Asian Studies (1985) from [[University of California, Santa Cruz]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Heller, Patrick|url=https://vivo.brown.edu/display/paheller#Background|access-date=2021-05-13|website=vivo.brown.edu|language=en}}</ref> He then received an MA in sociology from [[University of California, Berkeley]] by 1988.<ref name=":0" /> He completed his PhD in sociology from University of California, Berkeley in 1994.<ref name=":0" /> His thesis was "The Politics of Redistributive Development: State and Class in Kerala, India."<ref name=":0" />

During his studentship, he earned University Fellowship from University of California, Berkeley in 1986–1987, Teaching Award for Outstanding Teaching Assistant at University of California, Berkeley in 1987-1988 and 1989–1990.<ref name=":0" /> He won ''Newhouse Foundation Fellowship'' in 1990 and Research Fellowship for ''American Institute of Indian Studies'' in 1991–92. He subsequently won Chancellor's Dissertation-Year Fellowship and John L. Simpson Scholarship, Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley.<ref name=":0" />

== Academic career ==

Patrick Heller is the Lyn Crost Professor of Social Sciences and professor of Sociology and International Studies at [[Brown University]]. From 1995 to 2001, he taught Sociology and International Affairs at [[Columbia University]]. From 2001 to 2004, he was elected as the core member in the ''Network of South Asian Politics and Political Economy'' at the [[University of Michigan]]'s Center for South Asian Studies,. He has also served as a visiting fellow at the [[Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies]] and Centre for Policy Studies, Johannesburg and as a visiting scholar at the Institute of Social and Economic Research, [[University of Durban-Westville|University of Durban Westville]].<ref name=":0" />

Heller started his career at Brown in 2001 as the director of Development Studies Concentration. In 2006, he became the director of the Program in Political Economy and Development at the Watson Institute. In 2008, he became the Director of Graduate Studies at the Department of Sociology and in 2014 he became the Director of Development Research Program. In 2017, he became the Chair of Department of Sociology at Brown University.<ref name=":0" />

His research focuses on the comparative study of social inequality and democratic deepening. He has collaborated for several projects with Centre for [[Centre for Policy Research]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patrick Heller {{!}} Centre for Policy Research|url=https://www.cprindia.org/people/patrick-heller|access-date=2021-05-13|website=www.cprindia.org}}</ref> Patrick Heller's area of research is mainly the comparative study of social inequality and democratic deepening. He explores how democratic institutions and practices can promote more inclusive and more participatory forms of development, by focusing primarily on Brazil, India and South Africa. His article "Deliberation and Development: Rethinking the Role of Voice and Collective Action in Unequal Societies" was published by World Bank and received substantial scholarly attention.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Patrick|first1=Heller|last2=Vijayendra|first2=Rao|editor-first1=Patrick |editor-first2=Vijayendra |editor-last1=Heller |editor-last2=Rao |date=2015-07-15|title=Deliberation and Development|doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-0501-1 |hdl=10986/22167 |isbn=978-1-4648-0501-1 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22167|language=en-US}}</ref> He is affiliated with [[American Sociological Association]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Heller's views on Kerala ===
Patrick Heller considers Kerala as a case of 'r''adical social democracy.''<nowiki/>' He views the success of Kerala's social democracy closely with the ability of low-income/working class groups as vocal stakeholders within the way the state is governed. Their voice and preferences are made heard, and hold the state accountable. This according to Heller, in turn helps the state to geared towards addressing those issues that are most relevant to the needs of low-income groups.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Javed|first=Umair|date=2020-05-18|title=Lessons from Kerala|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1557940|access-date=2021-05-13|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> He argues that legacies of egalitarianism, social rights and public trust in Kerala helped the state to encounter the economic and welfare consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic successfully.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Heller|first=Patrick|date=2020-04-18|title=A virus, social democracy, and dividends for Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-virus-social-democracy-and-dividends-for-kerala/article31370554.ece|access-date=2021-05-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Why is India calling for a global vaccine patent waiver, but against discussing one at home?|url=https://scroll.in/article/994672/why-is-india-calling-for-a-global-vaccine-patent-waiver-but-against-discussing-one-at-home|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Scroll.in|date=13 May 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was invited as a panelist by Kerala Government for the three-day virtual global conclave that seeks to lay down the roadmap for Kerala's long-term development by factoring in perspectives from top economists, industry leaders, administrators and planners amid a changed world order due to COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Three-day global meet 'Kerala Looks Ahead' to begin on Feb 1|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/three-day-global-meet-kerala-looks-ahead-to-begin-on-feb-1-8154101.htm|access-date=2021-05-13|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en-US|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513055256/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/three-day-global-meet-kerala-looks-ahead-to-begin-on-feb-1-8154101.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> His study revealed that Kochi in Kerala has very high levels of service delivery and associational life.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-04|title='Kochi has high levels of service delivery'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kochi-has-high-levels-of-service-delivery/article33744071.ece|access-date=2021-05-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He argued that rapidly growing cities of Kerala (like Kochi) needed to be "States within States", having tremendous autonomy.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-02-03|title=Local governance in limelight|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/local-governance-in-limelight/article33734654.ece|access-date=2021-05-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Important publications ==
Patrick Heller has 118 scholarly articles and book chapters in International Journals and reputed publishers <ref>{{Cite web|title=Patrick Heller|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V8Y_C6YAAAAJ&hl=en|access-date=2021-05-13|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

=== Books ===
*''Bootstrapping Democracy: Transforming Local Governance and Civil Society in Brazil'' (co-authored with Gianpaolo Baiocchi and Marcelo Kunrath Silva). [[Stanford University Press]]. 2011.
*''Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins and Prospects'' (co-authored with Richard Sandbrook, Marc Edelman and Judith Teichman). [[Cambridge University Press]]. 2007.
*''The Labor of Development: Workers and the Transformation of Capitalism in Kerala, India''. [[Cornell University Press]]. 1999.

=== Journal articles ===

* "Local Democracy and Development: The Kerala People's Campaign for Decentralized Planning." ''American Anthropologist'', vol. 106, no. 3, 2004.
* "Democratic Deepening in India and South Africa." ''Journal of Asian and African Studies'', vol. 44, no. 1, 2009.
* "Democracy, Participatory Politics and Development: Some Comparative Lessons from Brazil, India and South Africa." ''Polity'', vol. 44, no. 4, 2012.
* "HEGEMONIC ASPIRATIONS." ''Critical Asian Studies'', vol. 38, no. 4, 2006. (Co-authored with Leela Fernandez)
* "Taking Tilly south: durable inequalities, democratic contestation, and citizenship in the Southern Metropolis." ''Theory and Society'', vol. 39, no. 3–4, 2010.(Co-authored with Peter Evans)
* "Building Local Democracy: Evaluating the Impact of Decentralization in Kerala, India." ''World Development'', vol. 35, no. 4, 2007. (Co-authored with K.N Harilal and Shubham Chaudhuri)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heller, Patrick}}
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:American sociologists]]
[[Category:Brown University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American orientalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Cruz alumni]]

Pamin Lepcha

2025-09-22T12:32:29Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding The Details With Sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Sikkim Assembly|Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Gnathang-Machong Assembly constituency|Gnathang-Machong]]
| predecessor = [[Dorjee Tshering Lepcha]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1985}}
|party = [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|alma_mater = [[Sikkim Manipal University|Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| father = [[Dorjee Tshering Lepcha]]
}}

'''Pamin Lepcha''' is an Indian politician from [[Sikkim]] belonging from the [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. She is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Sikkim Assembly|11th Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]. She won over [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]'s Tshering Wangi Lepcha with a margin of 3807 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Gnathang-Machong Assembly Election Result 2024: SKM's Pamin Lepcha emerges as winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gnathang-machong-assembly-election-results-2024-gnathang-machong-sikkim-elections-polls-result-winner/articleshow/110632765.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Gnathang-Machong, Sikkim Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates: SKM's Pamin Lepcha wins Gnathang-Machong with 6676 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/gnathang-machong-sikkim-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546717-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
She graduated from [[Sikkim Manipal University|Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology]] with an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pamin Lepcha(Sikkim Krantikari Morcha):Constituency- GNATHANG-MACHONG (BL)(PAKYONG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Sikkim2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=41 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lepcha, Pamin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Sikkim Manipal University alumni]]
[[Category:Women members of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:People from Pakyong district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

{{Sikkim-politician-stub}}

Coupland Crown Colony Scheme

2025-09-02T04:34:26Z

MatildaAldrich: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Crown Colony of Eastern Agency Scheme]]

Bayavü Hill Ward

2025-08-26T13:07:08Z

MatildaAldrich: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Bayavü Hill Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
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| image_caption =
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| mapsize =
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| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.688963|N|94.098448|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
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| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bayavü Hill Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 2 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]] and is sub-divided into Upper Bayavü Hill and Lower Bayavü Hill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Attractions==
*'''Nagaland State Museum'''
{{main|Nagaland State Museum}}
The Nagaland State Museum located in Bayavü Hill Ward and displays a comprehensive collection of artefacts including ancient sculptures, traditional dresses, inscriptions of the Naga people.

==Education==
'''Educational Institutions in Bayavü Ward:'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://study4sure.com/institutes/schools/nagaland/kohima/school.php?place=Ward%202%20-%20Bayavu%20Colony%20Ward|title=Schools in Ward 2|date=10 May 2018|newspaper=Study 4 Sure|access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>

=== Schools ===
* Bayavü Higher Secondary School
* Bayavü Government Middle School
* Grace Higher Secondary School
* Vinyüzo School

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map2.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 2]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

Tertiary sector of industry

2025-08-14T23:51:23Z

MatildaAldrich: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Tertiary sector]]

Binodanand Jha

2025-08-07T10:41:30Z

MatildaAldrich:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Binodanand Jha
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =Binodanand Jha portrait.gif
| image_size = 150
| birth_date = {{birth date|1900|4|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Deoghar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Jharkhand]], India)
| residence =
| death_date = 1971 (aged 70-71)
| death_place =
| order = 3rd
| office = Chief Minister of Bihar
| term_start = 18 February 1961
| term_end = 2 October 1963
| predecessor =[[Deep Narayan Singh]]
| successor = [[K. B. Sahay]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]]
| term1 = 1971-1972
| predecessor1 = [[Satya Narayan Sinha]]
| successor1 = [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| religion =
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2111.htm
}}

'''Binodanand Jha''' (17 April 1900 – 1971), also known as '''Pandit Binodanand Jha''', was an Indian politician originally from the [[district of Deoghar]], [[Bihar]] (Baidyanathdham Deoghar), now in [[Jharkhand]]. He was educated at the Central Calcutta College, (now [[Maulana Azad College]]) of the [[University of Calcutta]]. He was the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] from February 1961 to October 1963. He was elected to the [[5th Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Parliament of India]], from the [[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga constituency]] of [[Bihar]] in 1971. He was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] in 1948 from Bihar.<ref name="Thukral2017">{{cite book|author=Dr. R. K. Thukral|title=Jharkhand District Factbook : Deoghar District: Key Socio Economic Data of Deoghar District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2NkqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|accessdate=10 April 2018|date=1 January 2017|publisher=Datanet India Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-93-86683-84-7|pages=6–}}</ref><ref name="Sinha1993">{{cite book|author=S. P. Sinha|title=Conflict and Tension in Tribal Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsZUsqlIFDEC&pg=PA298|accessdate=10 April 2018|year=1993|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-493-8|pages=298–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#Bihar | title=States of India since 1947 | publisher=World Statesman | accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbBJAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=10 April 2018|year=1972|publisher=INFA Publications.|page=216}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/First-Bihar-assembly-Down-memory-lane/articleshow/19118657.cms | title=First Bihar assembly: Down memory lane | work=[[The Times of India]] | author =Law Kumar Mishra | date=22 March 2013 | accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Bihar Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac7kAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=10 April 2018|year=1962|publisher=Director, Public Relations|page=33}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2111.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
{{Chief Ministers of Bihar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Binodanand}}
[[Category:Chief ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Maulana Azad College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Deoghar district]]
[[Category:People from Darbhanga district]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]

Rajukalva

2025-06-10T17:54:45Z

MatildaAldrich: fix structure

{{expand Telugu|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rajukalva
| native_name = రాజుకాలవ
| native_name_lang = te
| settlement_type = Village
| coordinates = {{coord|15|51|28|N|80|52|28|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Repalle mandal|Repalle]]
| government_type = [[Sarpanch]]
}}

'''Rajukalva''' is a village situated at [[Repalle]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

{{Guntur-geo-stub}}

Mawprem Assembly constituency

2025-04-21T15:58:51Z

MatildaAldrich: New new details!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mawprem
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 18,820
| mla = Manas Chaudhuri
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Mawprem Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Maham Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=5 | Dhrubanath Joshi
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Ardhendu Choudhuri || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2005 elections in India#Meghalaya|2005 By-election]] || rowspan=2 | Manas Chaudhuri || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manas Chaudhuri |party=Independent politician |votes=7,833 |percentage=52.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Binod Kr Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,155 |percentage=34.35% |change={{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Rai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,668 |percentage=11.11% |change={{decrease}}3.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santar Son Nongrum |party=Independent politician |votes=185 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roger L. D. Syiemlieh |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=168 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,678 |percentage=17.84% |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,009 |percentage=79.75% |change= {{increase}}29.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,820 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}3.54 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 elections in India#Meghalaya|2005 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb2005/index.htm |access-date = 1 January 2025 |title=Election Statistics - Bye Elections - Jan-Feb 2005 |publisher=Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manas Chaudhuri |party=Independent politician |votes=4,839 |percentage=48.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dambar B. Gurung |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,521 |percentage=35.40% |change={{increase}}8.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Bahadur Chettri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,462 |percentage=14.70% |change={{decrease}}8.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Morrow Mohon Kharpuri |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=88 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joyjit Bose |party=Independent politician |votes=36 |percentage=0.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,318 |percentage=13.25% |change= {{increase}}2.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,946 |percentage=49.88% |change= {{decrease}}1.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,938 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}10.46 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ardhendu Choudhuri |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,979 |percentage=38.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,822 |percentage=27.09% |change={{decrease}}28.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Bahadur Chettri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,466 |percentage=23.67% |change={{decrease}}15.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wanbok S. Lyngdoh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,068 |percentage=10.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=82 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,157 |percentage=11.11% |change= {{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,417 |percentage=51.49% |change= {{decrease}}6.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,243 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,943 |percentage=55.86% |change={{increase}}24.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Aiontis Roy Kharphuli |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,154 |percentage=39.05% |change={{increase}}12.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tyngshain Mawlong |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=422 |percentage=3.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hridesh R. Nath |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=120 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,789 |percentage=16.82% |change= {{increase}}11.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,639 |percentage=60.07% |change= {{decrease}}6.80 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,419 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}24.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,062 |percentage=31.68% |change={{decrease}}26.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Aiontis Roy Kharphuli |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,563 |percentage=26.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Bahadur Chettri |party=Independent politician |votes=1,944 |percentage=20.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Humboy Shullai |party=Independent politician |votes=1,223 |percentage=12.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. M. Warjri |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=566 |percentage=5.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanlihok Tham |party=Independent politician |votes=141 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hereford S. Sawian |party=Meghalaya Progressive People's Party |votes=94 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=499 |percentage=5.16% |change= {{decrease}}16.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,666 |percentage=66.60% |change= {{decrease}}0.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,971 |ref = |change= {{increase}}37.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}26.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,119 |percentage=58.05% |change={{increase}}4.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hereford S. Sawian |party=Independent politician |votes=2,553 |percentage=35.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aibor Singh Nongkynri |party=Hill People's Union |votes=424 |percentage=5.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,566 |percentage=22.07% |change= {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,096 |percentage=68.81% |change= {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,853 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,375 |percentage=53.33% |change={{decrease}}3.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hereford S. Sawian |party=Independent politician |votes=2,262 |percentage=35.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jokendro Lanong |party=Communist Party of India |votes=527 |percentage=8.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Joshi |party=Independent politician |votes=165 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,113 |percentage=17.59% |change= {{decrease}}21.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,329 |percentage=69.04% |change= {{increase}}0.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,792 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,789 |percentage=57.16% |change={{decrease}}12.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harendra Kumar Datta |party=Independent politician |votes=889 |percentage=18.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Liladhar Chowhdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=812 |percentage=16.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ochondro Singh Syiemlieh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=325 |percentage=6.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nobait Swear |party=Independent politician |votes=64 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,900 |percentage=38.94% |change= {{decrease}}0.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,879 |percentage=67.77% |change= {{increase}}2.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,553 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}12.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawprem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Maham Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,202 |percentage=69.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jokendro Lanong |party=Independent politician |votes=1,394 |percentage=30.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,808 |percentage=39.34% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,596 |percentage=64.56% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,378 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Robert Fernandez (cricketer)

2025-04-04T00:35:51Z

MatildaAldrich: Adding Initial Stub W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Robert Fernandez
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Robert Martin Fernandez
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|9|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 11 October 2015
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33305.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Robert Fernandez''' (born 29 September 1986) is an Indian [[first-class cricket]]er who plays for [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33305.html |title=Robert Fernandez |accessdate=11 October 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/33305.html}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez, Robert}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Kerala cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kochi]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1986-stub}}

National Highway 751 (India)

2025-02-28T16:39:22Z

MatildaAldrich: put up data

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 751
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 751|text= Map of National Highway '''751''' in red}}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 159
| direction_a = South
| direction_b = North
| terminus_a = [[Bhavnagar]]
| terminus_b = [[Sarkhej]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 51
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 51 
| next_route = 47 
| states = [[Gujarat]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 751''', commonly referred to as '''NH 751''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/181182.pdf|title=New national highway 751 declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/181219.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification and route substitution|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|secondary]] route of [[National Highway 51 (India)|National Highway 51]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> NH-751 runs in the state of [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==
NH751 will be connecting Ahmeadabad to Dholera SIR and then it will go to Bhavnagar from Dholera, Dholera SIR has 250 Meter wide alignment for the central spine road, NH 751 is access Control Express way and is elevated at most of the junctions it connects (Nari Junction) near [[Bhavnagar]], Bavaliyari, Dholera, Ambali, Vataman, Chaloda, Bhat, Visalpur and [[Sardar Patel Ring Road]](NH47) near [[Sarkhej]] in the state of Gujarat.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|51|country=IND}} Terminal near Bhavnagar.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|751D|country=IND}} near Vataman
: {{jct|NH|47|country=IND}} Terminal near Sarkhej.

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/7890842 NH 751 on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH51 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Gujarat]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Chokher Bali

2024-11-27T10:01:45Z

MatildaAldrich:

'''Chokher Bali''' ({{Lit|Sand in The Eyes}}) may refer to:

*[[Chokher Bali (novel)|''Chokher Bali'' (novel)]], a Bengali-language novel by Rabindranath Tagore
**[[Chokher Bali (1938 film)]], a Bengali drama film
**[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|''Chokher Bali'' (2003 film)]], an Indian film adaptation by Rituparno Ghosh
**[[Chokher Bali (TV series)|''Chokher Bali'' (TV series)]], an Indian television serial adaptation
{{disambiguation}}

Sundaresvarar Temple, Durvasapuram

2024-10-27T17:03:30Z

MatildaAldrich: starting the place basic info!

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
'''Sundaresvarar Temple''' is a [[Shiva|Siva]] temple in Durvasapuram in [[Pudukkottai]] district in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Location==
This temple is located on the [[Tirumayam]]-[[Madurai]] road, at a distance of 10 kilometres from Tirumayam.<ref name=pdk>புதுக்கோட்டைக் கோயில்கள், புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டத் திருக்கோயில்கள் பயணியர் கையேடு, இந்து சமய அறநிலைய ஆட்சித்துறை, 2003</ref>

After the war in Sri Lanka, [[Rama]] returned to [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. Durvasar along with other [[rishis]] returned. At that time, on his way he worshipped the deity of this temple. So, this place was known as Durvasapuram.<ref name="dinamalar">[https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=317 அருள்மிகு சுந்தரேஸ்வரர் கோயில் திருக்கோயில், தினமலர் கோயில்கள்]</ref>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity is known as Sundaresvarar. The goddess is known as Bagam Piriyal. Kala [[Bhairava]] is found in a separate shrine. As special importance is given to him in this temple, it is also known as Bhairava Temple. The arthi which was shown to Bhairava is not given to devotees. Likewise the offerings, especially the food, which were given to the presiding deity and the goddess is not given to the devotees. [[Vilva]] is the temple tree. Bhairava tirtta is the temple tank.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Structure==
The entrance is found in a different style. In the front [[mandapa]], [[Shani|Sanisvara]], [[Surya]], [[Chandra]], [[Matrikas|Saptamatas]] and Karuppasamy are found. In the [[Kosta (architectural feature)|kosta]] of the presiding deity [[Dakshinamurthi]] is found. The [[Apasmara|Muyalaga]] is found facing left.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Festivals==
In order to kill the two [[asuras]] Sambasuran and Padmasuran, Bhairava came from the third eye of [[Shiva]]. As he destroyed them during the Tamil month of Karthikai, a festival known as Samba Sashti festival is held in a grand manner. During the Tamil month of Aani 10 day festival is held.<ref name=pdk/> During Panguni Thiriyambakashtami festival is held.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Worshipping time==
The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 to 12.00 noon and 4.00 to 8.30 p.m. [[Pujas]] are held four times daily at Kalasanthi (9.30 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (6.30 p.m.) and Arthajamam (8.00 p.m.).<ref name=pdk/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Bhairava temples]]

MTV Splitsvilla season 14

2024-09-08T08:30:38Z

MatildaAldrich: redirect

#REDIRECT [[MTV Splitsvilla]]