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Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]
2026-08-05T15:00:37Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.43.6
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehtar_(caste)&diff=517326
Mehtar (caste)
2026-05-07T07:32:54Z
<p>Maryslanker: Redirect page</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Chuhra#Valmiki caste]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapi_Chanakya&diff=539638
Tapi Chanakya
2026-05-07T02:16:41Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film director and writer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br />
'''Tapi Chanakya''' (1925–1973) was an Indian film director and writer. He is son of the famous writer [[Tapi Dharma Rao Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1340106-puthiya-pathai-evergreen-classic-tamil-film.html |title='புதிய பாதை' ஆன 'ஏக்-கி-ரஸ்தா' |date=2024-11-18 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta |access-date=2024-11-19}}</ref> He has worked as Radio Telegraphist for the [[Indian Army]].<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
# ''Palletoori Pilla'' (Telugu) (1950) – Assistant Director<br />
# ''Anta Manavalle'' (1954)<br />
# ''Rojulu Marayi'' (Telugu) (1955) – Director and Screen Adaptation<br />
# ''Peddarikalu'' (1957)<br />
# ''Ettuku Pai Ettu'' (1958)<br />
# ''Bhagya Devatha'' (1959)<br />
# ''Jalsarayudu'' (1960)<br />
# ''Kumkumarekha'' (1960)<br />
# ''Pudhiya Pathai'' (1960)<br />
# ''Kalasivunte Kaladu Sukham'' (1961)<br />
# ''Constable Koothuru'' (1963)<br />
# ''Ramudu Bheemudu'' (Telugu) (1964)<br />
# ''Varasatwam'' (1964)<br />
# ''C.I.D.'' (1965)<br />
# ''Enga Veetu Penn'' (1965)<br />
# ''Enga Veettu Pillai'' (1965)<br />
# ''Adugu Jaadalu'' (1966)<br />
# ''Naan Aanaiyittal'' (1966)<br />
# ''Ram Aur Shyam'' (Hindi) (1967)<br />
# ''Oli Vilakku'' (1968)<br />
# ''[[Pudhiya Boomi]]'' (1968)<br />
# ''Madhavi'' (1969)<br />
# ''Vidhi Vilasam'' (1970)<br />
# ''Bangaru Talli'' (1971)<br />
# ''Bikhre Moti'' (Hindi) (1971)<br />
# ''Man Mandir'' (Hindi) (1971)<br />
# ''Bandhipotu Bhayankara'' (1972)<br />
# ''Jaanwar Aur Insaan'' (Hindi) (1972)<br />
# ''Manavata'' (Hindi) (1972)<br />
# ''Subha-O-Sham'' (Hindi & Persian) (1972)<br />
# ''Ganga Manga'' (Telugu) (1973)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|0151192}}<br />
{{Tapi Chanakya}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chanakya, Tapi}}<br />
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]<br />
[[Category:1925 births]]<br />
[[Category:1973 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruvallur_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=541554
Tiruvallur Lok Sabha constituency
2026-05-05T02:40:24Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating new info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
|name = Thiruvallur<br />
| map_image = thiruvallur lok sabha constituency.png<br />
|map_caption = Thiruvallur constituency, post-2008 delimitation<br />
|established = 1951<br />
|reservation = SC<br />
|party = [[Indian National Congress]] <br />
|mp = [[Sasikanth Senthil]]<br />
|alliance =[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]] <br />
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|2024]]<br />
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|electors = 21,04,020<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf GE 2009 Statistical Report: Constituency Wise Detailed Result]</ref><br />
|assembly_cons = [[Gummidipundi (State Assembly Constituency)|Gummidipoondi]]<br /> [[Ponneri (State Assembly Constituency)|Ponneri]]<br /> [[Tiruvallur (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvallur]]<br /> [[Poonamallee (State Assembly Constituency)|Poonamallee]]<br /> [[Avadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Avadi]]<br /> [[Madhavaram (state assembly constituency)|Madavaram]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thiruvallur Lok Sabha constituency''' is a newly formed [[Lok Sabha]] (Parliament of India) constituency after the 2008 [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]]. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 1 of 39. It was formed after merging the assembly segments of [[Gummidipoondi]], [[Ponneri]] (SC), [[Tiruvallur]], and [[Poonamallee]] (SC), [[Madhavaram (state assembly constituency)|Madhavaram]], which were earlier parts of [[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Sriperumbudur]] constituency and the newly formed [[Avadi Assembly constituency|Avadi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/neutral/congress-demands-reserved-seat-855|title=Congress demands reserved seat|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=24 March 2009|access-date=19 May 2009|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103170804/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/neutral/congress-demands-reserved-seat-855|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The constituency had previously existed for three elections from 1951 to 1962.<br />
<br />
It is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] (SC).<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number<br />
! width="200px" |Name<br />
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)<br />
! width="150px" | District<br />
! colspan=2| Party<br />
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Gummidipoondi Assembly constituency|Gummidipoondi]]<br />
|None<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|rowspan=6}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]] <br />
|SC<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Thiruvallur Assembly constituency|Thiruvallur]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Poonamallee Assembly constituency|Poonamallee]]<br />
|SC<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Avadi Assembly constituency|Avadi]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|[[Madavaram Assembly constituency|Madavaram]]<br />
|None<br />
|[[Chennai district|Chennai]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Parliament ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
|---- <br />
|[[1951 Indian general election|1952]]<br />
|[[Maragatham Chandrasekhar]]<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|---- <br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|rowspan=2|R. Govindarajulu Naidu<br />
|---- <br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1967-2009 : Constituency did not exist''}}<br />
|---- <br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ponnusamy Venugopal]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br />
|----<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|----<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|[[K. Jeyakumar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color |Indian National Congress |rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|[[Sasikanth Senthil]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float=right<br />
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates<br />
|titlebar=#ddd<br />
|width=300px<br />
|barwidth=275px<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2024|2024]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.21}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2019|2019]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.48}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2014|2014]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.10}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2009|2009]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.37}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.92}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|64.90}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1951|1951]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|17.89}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate= [[Sasikanth Senthil]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes= 796,956 |percentage=56.21 |change={{increase}}1.53}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate= Pon. V. Balaganapathy|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=224,801|percentage= 15.86 |change={{new}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Nalla Thambi]]|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|votes= 223,904 |percentage=15.79|change={{new}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate= Jagadesh Chander.Mu|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=120,838 |percentage=8.52|change={{increase}}3.86}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes= 18,978 |percentage= 1.34|change= {{increase}}0.03}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 572,155|percentage= 40.35|change= {{increase}}14.91}}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes= 1,417,812|percentage=68.59 |change={{decrease}}3.49}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,85,991 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress |loser=|swing=}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur<ref>{{cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=General elections to the 17th Lok Sabha, 2019 - List of members elected |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10277-general-election-to-the-17th-lok-sabha-2019-list-of-members-elected/ |access-date=2 June 2019 |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=27 |format=PDF |location=New Delhi}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Jeyakumar|Dr. K. Jeyakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,67,292 |percentage=54.68 |change=51.10 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ponnusamy Venugopal|Dr. P. Venugopal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,10,337 |percentage=29.24 |change=-21.82 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Logarangan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=73,731 |percentage=5.25 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Vetriselvi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=65,416 |percentage=4.66 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pon. Raja]] |party=Independent politician |votes=33,944 |percentage=2.42 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=18,275 |percentage=1.30 |change=-0.61 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Anbuchezhian |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=15,187 |percentage=1.08 |change=0.18 }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,56,955 |percentage=25.44 |change=-0.84 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,03,349 |percentage=72.08 |change= -0.20 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,46,870 |change =14.33 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.61 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===General Elections 2014===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ponnusamy Venugopal|Dr. P. Venugopal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,28,499 |percentage=51.06 |change=7.69 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravikumar (writer)|Ravikumar]] |party=Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |votes=3,05,069 |percentage=24.79 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. Yuvaraj]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,04,734 |percentage=16.63 |change=3.63 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Jayakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,960 |percentage=3.57 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=23,598 |percentage=1.92 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. S. Kannan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=13,794 |percentage=1.12 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Sathyamurthy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=11,137 |percentage=0.90 |change=-0.36 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Balamurugan |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=8,260 |percentage=0.67 |change= }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,23,430 |percentage=26.28 |change=22.55 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,30,842 |percentage=72.28 |change= 1.77 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,02,833 |change =41.41 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.69 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2009===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ponnusamy Venugopal|Dr. P. Venugopal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,68,294 |percentage=43.37 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Gayathri |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,36,621 |percentage=39.64 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Suresh |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,10,452 |percentage=13.01 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Anandan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=10,746 |percentage=1.27 |change= }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,673 |percentage=3.73 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,04,209 |percentage=70.51 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=105|percentage=0.01 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,49,112 #VALUE!<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1962===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Govindaswamy Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,57,343 |percentage=47.92 |change=-16.99 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Gopal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,43,908 |percentage=43.83 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Sulochana Mudaliar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,766 |percentage=4.19 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Arunmugha Mudaliar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,344 |percentage=4.06 |change= }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,435 |percentage=4.09 |change=-25.72 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,28,361 |percentage=70.51 |change= 24.72 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,84,018 |change =19.50 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -16.99 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1957===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Govindarajulu Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,20,363 |percentage=64.90 |change=47.01 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Raghava Reddy |party=Independent politician |votes=65,083 |percentage=35.10 |change= }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=55,280 |percentage=29.81 |change=26.58 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,85,446 |percentage=45.79 |change= -41.62 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,05,032 |change =-42.55 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 47.01 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1951===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1951–52 Indian general election]]: Tiruvallur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Maragatham Chandrasekar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,10,265 |percentage=17.89 |change=17.89 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Natesan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=90,340 |percentage=14.66 |change=14.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Guruswami |party=Independent politician |votes=80,985 |percentage=13.14 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarojini Rajah |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=66,450 |percentage=10.78 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=James Ford |party=Independent politician |votes=57,215 |percentage=9.28 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Sivaraj |party=Republican Party of India |votes=54,077 |percentage=8.78 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Madana Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=42,960 |percentage=6.97 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ramalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=40,745 |percentage=6.61 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nagaraja Sarma |party=Krishikar Lok Party |votes=21,436 |percentage=3.48 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Padmanabha Naidu |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=18,061 |percentage=2.93 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subba Rathnam |party=Independent politician |votes=17,715 |percentage=2.87 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,925 |percentage=3.23 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,16,210 |percentage=87.41 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,04,970 |change =0.00 }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/thiruvallur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Thiruvallur lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{coord|13.1|79.9|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Tiruvallur district]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam&diff=546612
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
2026-05-03T20:07:00Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating a info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Arab Muslim military commander (594–656)}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| name = Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam<br />الزُّبَيْر ابْن الْعَوَّام<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| native_name = {{langx|ar|الزبير ابن العوام}}<br />
| birth_date = {{circa|594}}<br />
| death_date = {{circa}} {{death year and age|656|594}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|Arabia]]<br />
| death_place = [[Basra]], [[Rashidun Caliphate]]<br />
| burial_place = [[Mosque of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]]<br/>Mazar Zubayr, [[Az Zubayr|Zubayriyya]], [[Iraq]]<br />
| allegiance = [[Rashidun Caliphate]]<br />
| branch = {{tree list}}<br />
*[[Rashidun army]]<br />
**[[Rashidun army#Historical overview|''Khatiba al Khudra'']] e were coined by Tabari{{sfn|Rashid|1983}}<br />
**[[Jund Filastin]] (Palestine division){{sfn|Sourdel|1965|p=910}}<br />
**Jund al-Misr (Egypt division){{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}}<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />{{#tag:ref|Coined Jund al Misr by [[Ibn Asakir|Ibn Ashakir]]{{sfn|Ibn Ashakir|1995|p=486}}|group="Notes"}}<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
| service_years = 624–656<br />
| rank = [[Emir#Military ranks and titles|''Amir al Jaysh'' (Field commander of the caliphate army)]]{{sfn|al-Mubarak|1997|p=18}}<br />
| commands = *Field commander of [[Battle of Badr]], [[Conquest of Mecca]],<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> and [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]]<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><br />
*[[Rashidun cavalry]] commander in [[Battle of Hunayn]]{{sfn|Akram|2007|p=5}} and conquest of al-Bahnasa<ref name="Waqidi Futuh al Sham complete revised version" /><br />
| battles = {{tree list}}<br />
*Battles under [[Muhammad]]<br />
**[[Battle of Badr]]<br />
**[[Battle of Uhud]]<br />
**[[Battle of Hamra al-Asad]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Invasion of Banu Nadir]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Expedition of Badr al-Maw'id]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Expedition of al-Muraysi']]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Battle of the Trench]]<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><br />
**[[Invasion of Banu Qurayza]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Invasion of Banu Lahyan]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Expedition of Dhu Qarad]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Conquest of Fadak]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Battle of Khaybar]]<br />
**[[Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura]]{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<br />
**[[Conquest of Mecca]]<br />
**[[Battle of Hunayn]]<br />
**[[Battle of Autas]]<br />
**[[Siege of Ta'if]]<br />
**[[Expedition of Tabuk|Battle of Tabuk]]<br />
*[[Ridda Wars]]<br />
**[[Battle of Dhu al-Qassah|Defense of Medina]]<br />
**[[Expedition of Usama bin Zayd|Expedition of Balqa]]<br />
**[[Battle of al-Yamama]]<br />
*[[Muslim conquest of the Levant]]<br />
**Capture of [[Amman]]<br />
**[[Battle of Yarmouk]]<br />
**[[Aqaba#Early Muslim period|Capture of Ayla]]{{sfn|Al-Asqalani|2000|p=349}}<br />
*[[Muslim conquest of Persia]]<br />
**[[Battle of Nahavand]]<ref name="Al-Habib Al-'Azim">{{cite book |author1=Arif al-Khatib |title=الحبيب الاعظم |trans-title=Al-Habib Al-'Azim |date=2018 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=9782745186652 |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cz1ZDwAAQBAJ |access-date=15 November 2023 |language=ar |format=Bukel}}</ref><br />
*[[Muslim conquest of Egypt]]<br />
**Capture of [[Faiyum]]<br />
**[[Battle of Heliopolis]]<br />
**Siege of [[Ain Shams|Heliopolis]]<br />
**[[Siege of Babylon Fortress]]<br />
*[[Islamization of the Sudan region|Muslim conquest of Sudan]]<br />
**Battle of Darishkur{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}}<br />
**Siege of [[Oxyrhynchus|Bahnasa]]{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}}<br />
*[[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb]]<br />
**[[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb#First invasion|Siege of Tripolitania]]<br />
**[[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb#First invasion|Siege of Cyrenaica]]<br />
**[[Sabratha#Ancient Sabratha|Siege of Sabratha]]{{sfn|al-Maghlouth|2015}}<br />
**Siege of [[Nafusa Mountains|Sharwas city]]<br />
**[[Battle of Sufetula (647)|Battle of Sufetula]]<ref name="تاريخ بلاد الشام" /><br />
*[[First Fitna]]<br />
**[[Battle of the Camel]]{{Assassinated}}<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
| spouse = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Asma bint Abi Bakr]]<br />
*[[Umm Kulthum bint Uqba]]<br />
*[[Atiqa bint Zayd]]<br />
*Rabab bint Unayf<br />
*Tumadir bint al-Asbagh<br />
}}<br />
| children = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr|Abd Allah]]<br />
*[[Urwa ibn al-Zubayr|Urwa]]<br />
*[[Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr|Mus'ab]]<br />
*Khalid<br />
*[[Amr ibn al-Zubayr|Amr]]<br />
*Muhajir<br />
*Zaynab<br />
}}<br />
| relations = [[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid|Al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]] (father)<br />[[Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib]] (mother)<br />
| other_work = {{ubl|[[Companions of the Prophet|First chain Narrator]] of [[Hadith]]<br />[[Mufti]] of the Rashidun Caliphate |[[Majlis-ash-Shura]] advisory council member<br />Registrar of ''[[zakat]]'' and charity}}<br />
| other_name = {{transliteration|ar|Hawari Rasul Allah}} ('Disciple of Messenger of God')<br />Abu Abd Allah<br />
}}<br />
'''Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi''' ({{Langx|ar|الزُّبَيْر بْن الْعَوَّام بْن خُوَيْلِد الأَسَدِيّ|translit=Al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām ibn Khuwaylid al-ʾAsadī}}; {{circa|594–656}}) was an [[Arab]] [[Muslim]] commander in the service of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and [[caliph]]s [[Abu Bakr]] ({{reign|632|634}}) and [[Umar]] ({{reign|634|644}}) who played a leading role in the [[Ridda Wars]] against rebel tribes in [[Arabia]] in 632–633 and later participated in the [[early Muslim conquests]] of [[Muslim conquest of Persia|Sasanian Persia]] in 633–634, [[Muslim conquest of the Levant|Byzantine Syria]] in 634–638, and the [[Exarchate of Africa]] in 639–643.<br />
<br />
An early convert to [[Islam]], Zubayr was a commander in the [[Battle of Badr]] in 624, in which the latter was instrumental in defeating the opponent forces of the [[Quraysh]]. He participated in almost all of the early Muslim battles and expeditions under Muhammad. In the [[Battle of the Trench]], due to his military service, Muhammad bestowed the title ''Hawari Rasul Allah'' ('Disciple of the Messenger of God') upon him. After Muhammad's death, Zubayr was appointed a commander in the Ridda Wars by caliph Abu Bakr. He was involved in the [[Battle of Zhu Qissa#Siege of Medina|defense of Medina]] and the [[Battle of Yamama]]. During Umar's reign, Zubayr served in the [[Muslim conquest of Egypt|Muslim conquests of Egypt]], [[Muslim conquest of the Levant|Levant]], [[Muslim conquest of Persia|Persia]], [[Muslim conquest of Sudan|Sudan]], and [[Tripolitania]].<br />
<br />
After Umar's assassination, Zubayr became an important political figure of the caliphate, being the chief advisor of the [[Shura]] that elected the third caliph [[Uthman]]. During the latter's caliphate, Zubayr advised the caliph on political and religious issues.<ref name="تاريخ بلاد الشام" /> After Uthman was assassinated, Zubayr pledged allegiance to the fourth caliph [[Ali]], though later withdrew allegiance, after Ali refused to avenge Uthman's death. Zubayr's forces engaged with Ali's forces in the [[Battle of the Camel]] in December 656. In the aftermath, while Zubayr was prostrating in prayer, he was killed by [[Amr ibn Jarmouz|Amr ibn Jurmuz]].<br />
<br />
Zubayr is generally considered by historians to be one of early Islam's most accomplished commanders. The Sunni Islamic tradition credits Zubayr with being ''[[The ten to whom Paradise was promised|promised paradise]]''. The Shia Islamic tradition views Zubayr negatively. The general's descendants, known as the [[Zubayrids]], are found worldwide.<br />
<br />
== Ancestry and early life ==<br />
His father was the brother of [[Khadija]], [[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid|Al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]] of the Asad clan of the [[Banu Quraysh|Quraysh]] tribe. His mother was Muhammad's aunt, [[Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib]]. Hence Zubayr was Muhammad's first cousin and brother-in-law.<ref name="Saad3">Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>{{rp|75}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam was born in [[Mecca]] in [[594]]. He had two brothers, Sa'ib and Abd al-Kaaba; and two sisters Hind bint Al-Awwam, who would later marry [[Zayd ibn Haritha]],<ref name="Saad3" /> and Zaynab bint al-Awwam who will mary her paternal cousin [[Hakim ibn Hizam]]. He has also a half-brother, Safi ibn Al-Harith, son of Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib precedent wedding with [[Harb ibn Umayya]].<ref name="Saad8">Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>{{rp|29}}<br />
<br />
Al-Awwam died while Zubayr was still young, the day of Al Ablaa, the third year of the [[Fijar War]].<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, al-Maʿārif, p. 219. p. 89.</ref> His mother, Safiyya, would beat him severely in order to make him "bold in battle".<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|76}} While he was still a boy, Zubayr fought an adult man and beat him up so fiercely that the man's hand was broken. Safiyya, who was pregnant at the time, had to carry the man home.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|765}}<br />
<br />
=== Conversion to Islam ===<br />
Zubayr is said to have entered Islam at the age of 16. He was one of the first men to accept Islam under the influence of [[Abu Bakr]],<ref name="Ishaq">Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{rp|115}} and is said to have been the fourth or fifth adult male convert.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|76}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr was one of the first fifteen emigrants to [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]] in 615,<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|146}} until{{clarify|date=January 2022}} he returned there in 616.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|147}} During his stay in Abyssinia, a rebellion against [[Najashi]], king of [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] and benefactor of the Muslim emigrants, broke out. Najashi met the rebels in battle on the banks of the Nile. The Muslims were greatly worried and decided to send Zubayr to seek news from Najashi. By using an inflated waterskin, he swam down the [[Nile]] river until he reached the point where the battle was raging. He watched until Najashi had defeated the rebels and then swam back to the Muslims to report the victory.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|153}} However, another version recorded Zubayr as crossing the [[Red Sea]] from the coast of the [[Arabian Peninsula]].{{#tag:ref|The book reviewer, adding the sources of this material which was not found in the original edition of Mahmud al-Misry's book,''Shahabatur Rasulullah''.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />|group="Notes"}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr was among those who returned to Mecca in 619 when he heard that the Meccans had converted to Islam. However, as they approached Mecca, they learned that the report was false, and they had to enter the town under the protection of a citizen or by stealth.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|167–168}} While he stayed with early converts of Islam in Mecca, Zubayr was given a shared responsibility as a [[Hafiz (Quran)|hafiz]], someone who memorized every verse of the Quran, along with Abu Bakr, Abdur Rahman ibn Auf, [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah|Talha]] and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.{{sfn|Abdullah|Abdullah|Rosman|Ilias|2016|p=43. quoting al-Azami, 2005; Ahmad Don, 1991; al-Zarqani, t.th}} Zubayr joined the general [[Hijra (Islam)|emigration]] to [[Medina]] in 622. At first he lodged with Al-Mundhir ibn Muhammad. It is disputed who became Zubayr's sworn brother, as various traditions name different people, including [[Abdullah ibn Mas'ud]], Talhah, Ka'b ibn Malik, or Salama ibn Salama.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|76–77}}<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|234}} As a shrewd merchant, Zubayr diverted his trading business route from Mecca to Medina at the beginning of the emigration.{{sfn|Ibrahim|2011|p=88}}<br />
<br />
==Military career==<br />
{{See also|List of expeditions of Muhammad}}<br />
[[File:Battle of Trench 627 CE.png|thumb|Battle of Khandaq]]<br />
<br />
Zubayr served as one of three main commanders of the Muslim forces in the [[Battle of Badr]], along with [[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] and [[Ali]].<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary" /> In the course of the battle, he killed the Quraish champion Ubayda ibn Sa'id of the [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayya Clan]].{{sfn|Zubaidi|Hashim|Sharif|2002 |p=706}} According to some accounts Zubayr also killed [[Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid]],<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> although others credit his death to Ali.<ref name="Guillaume/Ishaq p. 337">Guillaume/Ishaq p. 337.</ref><br />
<br />
At the [[Battle of Uhud]], Zubayr volunteered to take up Muhammad's sword, though Muhammad chose to give the sword to [[Abu Dujana (Sahabah)|Abu Dujana al-Ansari]] instead.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|373}} When the tides of the battle turned against the Muslim forces and many fled after Khalid ibn Al-Walid’s counterattack, Zubayr was among the few to stand with Muhammad.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|78}}<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|381}} According to [[Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri|Mubarakpuri]], Muhammad praised Zubayr as the "Hawari" for the first time due to his killing of Ibn Abi Talhah, a standard bearer of the [[Banu Abd al-Dar]] tribe.<ref name="Mubarakpuri-Hawari">{{harvtxt|Mubarakpuri|2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Not long after the battle of Uhud, Muhammad sent Zubayr and Abu Bakr to [[Battle of Hamra al-Asad|chase the Quraish forces in Hamra al-Asad]],<ref name="Mubarakpuri2; Indonesia">{{harvtxt|al-Mubarakpuri|2008|pp=415–418}}</ref> where they captured a Quraish soldier from [[Banu Jumah]], [[Abu Azzah Amr bin Abd Allah al-Jumahi|Abu Izzah al-Jumahi]].<ref name="Mubarakpuri; Indonesia" /> Muhammad then ordered Zubayr to execute Abu Izzah for breaking his promise with Muhammad at the battle of Badr to not involve himself in the war against them anymore.<ref name="Mubarakpuri; Indonesia">{{harvtxt|al-Mubarakpuri|2008|pp=416–418}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later, after the [[invasion of Banu Nadir]] which resulted in their exile from Medina, their landed estates, which included palm-date gardens and cultivation fields along with their fortress residences, were confiscated and divided among the Muslims.<ref name="Role of Booty in the Economy During the Prophet's Time" /> Zubayr and Abu Salamah ibn `Abd al-Asad were acquired a shared property of al-Buwaylah from this campaign.<ref name="Role of Booty in the Economy During the Prophet's Time">{{cite journal |last1=Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi |first1=Muhammad |title=Role of Booty in the Economy During the Prophet's Time |journal=Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics 1989 |date=2018 |volume=1 |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) - Department of Economics |language=id}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Battle of the Trench ===<br />
During the [[Battle of the Trench]], Zubayr fought and killed Nawfal ibn Abdullah ibn Mughirah al Makhzumi in a duel.{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}}{{#tag:ref|Dhahabi also supported this version, through a firsthand witness of the battle named Ibn Abi Zannad<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />|group="Notes"}} However, other chroniclers such as [[Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani]] recorded the man killed by Zubayr as Uthman ibn Mughirah al Makhzumi.<ref>{{cite web |last1=al Asqalani |first1=Ibn Hajjar |title=Fath al Bari |date=5 October 2011 |url=https://www.alukah.net/sharia/0/35140/ |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> The Muslim defenders cheered and praised the sharpness of the sword which Zubayr used, only for Zubayr to reply that it is not his sword which need to be complimented, but the strength of the arm which held the sword.{{sfn|adh-Dhahabī|2008}} Zubayr caused the enemy horsemens to flee after he defeat Qurayshite warrior named Hubayr ibn Abi Wahb al Makhzumi, cutting the entire body of Hubayr into two pieces, along with his horse armour and crupper of Hubayr's horse in a single strike.<ref name="Rizwi Faizer1">{{harvnb|Faizer|2013|p=231}}</ref> Zubayr also played a reconnaissance role when he volunteered to spy on the [[Banu Qurayza|Qurayza]] tribe for Muhammad. The latter then praised Zubayr: "Every Prophet has a disciple, and my disciple is Al-Zubayr."<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|79}}<br />
<br />
After the battle, Muhammad immediately instructed the Muslim army to march without<ref>{{cite web |url=https://islam.ad/bukhari/64#163 |title=Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 64, Hadith 163 |website=islam.ad |access-date=2026-03-16}}</ref> ceasing or resting to the settlement of Banu Qurayza, a Jewish tribe who had reportedly betrayed the Muslims in the previous battle. [[Invasion of Banu Qurayza|Banu Qurayza was besieged]] for several days before the Muslim soldiers, including Zubayr, broke through with a [[battering ram]], and forced the surrender and execution of the garrison.<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary">{{harvtxt|Ibn Hisham|Basalamah|2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Pledge of the Tree ===<br />
{{Main|Pledge of the Tree}}<br />
<br />
In March 628 CE (6 AH), Muhammad set out for Mecca to perform the ritual pilgrimage of [[Umrah]].<ref name="Biografi Rasulullah Mahdi Rizqullah">{{harvtxt|Rizqullah Ahmad|Maftukhin|Basyaruddin|2017|p=29}}</ref><ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> The Quraysh denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted themselves outside Mecca, determined to offer resistance even though the Muslims did not have any intention or preparation for battle, which caused Muhammad to send [[Uthman ibn Affan]] as his envoy to meet with the leaders of Quraysh and negotiate their entry into the city.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><ref name="Biografi Rasulullah Mahdi Rizqullah" /> The Quraysh had Uthman stay longer in Mecca than they originally planned, which caused Muhammad to believe that Uthman had been killed.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> In response, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 Sahaba and called them to pledge to fight until death and avenge the death of Uthman.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> After the pledge, verses were revealed in the [[Qur'an]] commemorating and appreciating the pledge and those who made it:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|Certainly [[Allah]] was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity on them and rewarded them with a near victory.|[[Sura]] [[Al-Fath]], [[Ayah]] 18|{{Cite quran|48|18|s=r|t=s}}}}<br />
<br />
Due to this verse, the pledge is also known as the ''Pledge of Acceptance'' as it was believed in Islam to be a cause for [[God]]'s blessing towards those who took pledge, including Zubayr,<ref name="Biografi Rasulullah Mahdi Rizqullah" /><ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> while at the same day, the ratification of [[treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] also occurred.<br />
<br />
=== Battle of Khaybar ===<br />
In 628, Zubayr participated in the [[Battle of Khaybar]],{{sfn|Fazier|2013|p=339}} defeating the Jewish champion Yassir in single combat. Afterward, the Muslims commented on how sharp his sword must have been; Zubayr replied that it had not been sharp but he had used it with great force.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|513–514}} Later during the battle, Zubayr fought and killed another opposing champion in a duel.{{sfn|Fazier|2013|p=349}} After the Muslims had conquered any{{clarify|date=January 2022}} of these eight [[Khaybar]] fortresses, the Jewish treasurer, [[Kenana ibn al-Rabi|Kinana]], was brought to Muhammad, but he refused to reveal where their money was hidden. However, later [[Muhammad ibn Maslama]] decapitated Kinana, in retaliation for his brother Mahmud,<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|515}}<ref name=Waqidi>Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. ''Kitab al-Maghazi''. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., and Tayob, A. K. (2011). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford & New York: Routledge.</ref>{{rp|330–331}} who had been killed in the battle a few days earlier.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|511}}<ref name=Waqidi />{{rp|322–324}} Zubayr was later made one of the eighteen chiefs who each supervised the division of a block of the spoils of victory.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|522}}<br />
<br />
Later, as the Muslim forces returned to Medina from Khaybar, they passed one more hostile Jewish fortress in [[Wadi al-Qura]]. During this battle Zubayr facing at least two enemy who challenged him to a duel; Zubayr accepted and defeated them both.<ref name="riwzi faizer; 2013; 2">{{harvtxt|Fazier|2013|pp=349–350}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Conquest of Mecca until death of Muhammad ===<br />
In December 629, on the eve of the [[Conquest of Mecca]], Zubayr and Ali brought back to Muhammad a letter from a spy intended for the Quraysh, making Muhammad confident that the Muslims would now take Mecca by surprise.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|545}} When Muhammad entered Mecca, Zubayr held one of the three banners of the Emigrants<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|78}} and commanded the left wing of the conquering army.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|549}}<br />
[[File:Grave Yard of Jang Hunain Near Masjid Jaranan, Makkah Mukarma - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Site of the battle in Hunayn valley, near Jaranan Mosque]]<br />
<br />
Later, during the [[Battle of Hunayn]] in 630 CE (8 AH), the [[Hawazin]] tribe forces under [[Malik ibn Awf]] ambushed the Muslims under the valley, which drove almost the entire Muslim army into retreat except Muhammad and several of his men,<ref name="Rizqullah 3">{{harvtxt|Rizqullah Ahmad|Maftukhin|Basyaruddin|2017|p=778}}: Most scholars, including Bukhari, Muslims, Tirmidhi, and Albani accept the primary report that only Muhammad and two of his uncles, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb]] and [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], stood their ground.</ref> possibly including Zubayr.<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary" /> However, the Hawazin forces paused as they almost surrounded Muhammad and his followers, giving time for the Muslim army to regroup. After they consolidated themselves and rescued Khalid, who has been gravely injured during the first clash, the Muslims commenced a general [[counterattack]], with Zubayr on the front of the [[Rashidun cavalry]].{{#tag:ref|The narrations of Zubayr's advance accompanied by Muslim horsemen came from [[Agha Ibrahim Akram|Akram]] without quoting sources,{{sfn|Akram|2007|p=5}} while Basalamah said that Zubayr charged alone without being accompanied by borrowing narrator's chains from [[Ibn Hisham]].<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary" />|group="Notes"}} The Hawazin forces were immediately driven out of the valley by the frontal attack led by Zubayr after a short engagement. Nafi' ibn Jubayr reported that he saw [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] passing instructions from Muhammad to Zubayr to plant the rallying flag.{{sfn|Al-Qastallani |1905|p=Sahih al-Bukhari » Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihaad) - كتاب الجهاد والسير » Hadith 2976}} After the battles in Awtas, the Muslims engaged in the lengthy [[Siege of Ta'if]], although they did not succeed in forcing an immediate surrender of the Hawazin.<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary" /> Later, Zubayr participated in the last campaign with Muhammad, the [[Expedition of Tabuk]].<ref name="Sirah Nabawiyah book commentary" /><br />
<br />
At some point, Muhammad assigned Zubayr and Jahm ibn al-Suht to be [[Registrar (education)|registrars]] and [[auditor]]s of the [[zakat]] funds.{{sfn|Al Jaffri |Sawandi |Mohammad |2016|p=172}} Muhammad also employ Al-Zubayr as one of his scribe.{{sfn|Azami|2008|p=97; Ibn Syabah, at Tanbih wa al Isyraf, p.245; Ibn Kathir al-Bidayah wan Nihayah, V/344; al Iraqi, al Ajalatus Saniyyah, p. 246; Ibn Sayyid an Nas. Uyunul Tsar, II/315}} After the death of Muhammad, Ali ibn Zayd and several [[Tabi'un]] mentioned the scars covering Zubayr's body from wounds that he had suffered.{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|76}} It is said that in all of the battles with Muhammad, Zubayr wore a distinctive yellow turban,<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|77}} except for the Battle of Hunayn, in which he reportedly wore a red one.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><br />
<br />
=== During Rashidun caliphate ===<br />
{{Further|Battle of Zhu Qissa|Battle of Yamama}}<br />
<br />
==== Ridda Wars ====<br />
In the third week of June 632, during the [[Ridda Wars]], the rebel army under [[Tulayha]] moved from Dhu Qissa to Dhu Hussa, from where they prepared to launch an attack on Medina.{{sfn|Ibn Jarir at-Tabari|2015|p=46}} Abu Bakr received intelligence of the rebel movements, and immediately prepared for the defense of Medina in the form of newly organised elite guard unit [[Haras (unit)|al-Ḥaras wa-l-shurṭa]] to guard Medina.{{sfn|Perlman|2015|p=323}} Zubayr was appointed as one commander of these units.{{sfn|Rashid|1983}}{{sfn|Ibn Jarir at-Tabari|2015|p=46}} These troops rode to the mountain passes of Medina at night, intercepting the rebel forces and forcing them to retreat to Dhu Qisha.<ref name="Professor Ebrahim Khorasani Parizi">{{cite web|last1=Khorasani Parizi|first1=Ebrahim|title=Ansar's Role in the Suppression of Apostates in the Era of Caliphate of Abu Bakr; Tabari history. Vol. 3, p.246, 247|url=https://www.textroad.com/pdf/JBASR/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%201(12)2501-2510,%202011.pdf|access-date=9 October 2021|website=textroad publication|publisher=Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran|ref=Tabari, Tabari history. Vol. 3, p.246, 247|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603151620/https://www.textroad.com/pdf/JBASR/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%201%2812%292501-2510,%202011.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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Later, Abu Bakr insisted on [[Expedition of Usama bin Zayd|sending Usama ibn Zayd]] to [[Balqa (region)|Balqa]] to execute the last will of Muhammad.{{sfn|Rashid|1983}} The caliph appointed Zubayr, Umar ibn al-Khattab,<ref name="The workbook by Abd al-Razzaq, followed by the book al-Jami' by Muammar">{{cite book |last1=bin Hammam as-San'ani |first1=Abdur Razzaq |last2=bin Rashid Al-Azdi |first2=Mu'ammar |trans-title=The Workbook by Abdul Razzaq, followed by The Book of the Collector by Muammar bin Rashid Al-Azdi |editor1-last=al-Rahman al-Azami |editor1-first=Habib |title=المصنف لعبد الرزاق - ج 5 - 8796 - 9816 |date=1970 |publisher=Majlis Ilmiyyah |location=South Africa |page=454 |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=3250 |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=ar|chapter=Part Five: Continued 12 Rites - 14 Maghazi * 8796 - 9816}}</ref> and Khalid ibn al-Walid as officers under Usama.<ref name="تحرير الأحكام في تدبير أهل الإسلام ويليه مقدمة أقوم المسالك في معرفة أحوال الممالك">{{cite book |last1=al-Mazidi |first1=Ahmad |last2=Hassan as-Shafi'i |first2=Muhammad |trans-title=Editing rulings in the management of the people of Islam, followed by an introduction to the best paths in knowing the conditions of kingdoms |last3=al-Kinani |first3=Ibn Jama'ah |title=تحرير الأحكام في تدبير أهل الإسلام ويليه مقدمة أقوم المسالك في معرفة أحوال الممالك |date=2003 |publisher=Dar al Kotob Ilmiya |isbn=2745138499 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G69qDwAAQBAJ |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref> Tabari states that the expedition was successful, and Usama reached [[Shaam|Syria]] and became the first Muslim force to successfully raid [[Byzantine]] territory, thus paving the way for the subsequent Muslim conquests of Syria and Egypt from the Byzantine Empire.{{#tag:ref| Tabari: "advanced quickly to Dhu al-Marwah and the valley and ended up doing what the Prophet had ordered him to do, dispersing horsemen among the [[Quda'a]] tribes (who were [[Ghassanid]] vassals) and raiding [[Abil]]. He took captives and booty, and his completion of the mission was within forty days, excepting the time of his return."<ref name="Tabari 1993 16">{{harvnb|Tabari|1993|p=16}}</ref>|group="Notes"}}<br />
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Since all horses and trained camels were brought by main army to Balqa, Abu Bakr and the rest of Haras forces left in the capital had to resort to fighting the rebels with only untrained camels.{{sfnm|Ibn Jarir at-Tabari|2015|1p=46|2a1=Khorasani Parizi|2y=2011}} However, as the rebels retreated to the foothills on the outskirts of the city, Abu Bakr and the Medinese army could not catch up to the battle in the outskirt of Medina due to their untrained camels, so they had to wait until the next day to gather momentum for the second strike. The Medinese army engaged the rebels in the [[Battle of Zhu Qissa]], which resulted in a rout of the rebel army.<ref name="Mahd Al-Maram fi Fadil Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam">{{harvnb|al-Hanbali|2014|p=86 }}</ref> Then, after the rebels retreated from the outskirt of Medina, the caliph went further to the north to crush another [[Bedouin]] rebellion in [[Dumat al-Jandal]].<ref name="Jihad & death of Sa'd Mawdoo website">{{cite web |last1=Fahmi |first1=Hadi |title=Saad bin Abi Waqas |url=https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5 |website=Mawdoo3 |access-date=1 December 2021 |ref=↑ Ibn Al-Mubarrad (2006), Pure salvation in the virtues of Saad bin Abi Waqqas (first edition), Beirut: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, p. 38. Adapted. ^ a b c th "Saad bin Abi Waqqas", www.islamstory.com, 1-5-2006, accessed on 3-4-2018. act. ^ a b t Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al-Shathri (21-8-2011), "Saad bin Abi Waqqas, may God be pleased with him", www.alukah.net, accessed on 3-4-2018. act. ^ A b son Almenbrd (2006), pure salvation in the virtues of Saad bin Abi Waqas (first edition), Beirut: Dar Islamic omens, Page 39, 41, 43, 46. Adapted. ↑ Ibn Al-Munbard (2006), Pure salvation in the virtues of Saad bin Abi Waqqas (first edition), Beirut: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, p. 55, 60, 61, 62. Adapted. ↑ Ibn Al-Munbard (2006), Pure salvation in the virtues of Saad bin Abi Waqqas (first edition), Beirut: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, p. 65, 66. Adapted. ↑ Ibn Al-Munbard (2006), Pure salvation in the virtues of Saad bin Abi Waqas (first edition), Beirut: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, p. 278. Adapted. |date=2018}}</ref><br />
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According to [[Ibn Hisham]] on secondhand testimony, as Khalid ibn al-Walid engaged the biggest rebel faction led by [[Musaylimah]], Zubayr participated in the [[Battle of Yamama]] while bringing the ten-year old [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] on his horse.{{#tag:ref|[[Muhammad al-Bukhari|Bukhari]] reported that the day ten-year-old Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr was brought by his father to the battlefield was during the Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantines.{{sfn|Al-Kashmiri|1946|p=4}}{{sfn|Gibb |1960|p=54–55}}{{sfn|Bukhari|2007|p=16}} Dhahabi reasoned this happened during Yamama as the younger Zubayr was exactly ten years old at that time, while Ibn Kathir argued the day Zubayr brought his son to the battlefield happened during Yarmouk instead.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> However, Ibn Kathir still argued Zubayr indeed fought in the Battle of Yamama and a suffered permanent injury on his shoulder{{sfn|adh-Dhahabī|2008}}|group="Notes"}} [[Hisham ibn Urwah]] has recorded that when the Muslim army faced a dire situation in the battle, while one of Zubayr brother, Sa'ib ibn al-Awwam had also fallen during the battle, Zubayr gave a rousing speech towards the Muslims to reinvigorate their spirit, which then followed with the Muslims pushing back until they gained the upper hand in the battle.<ref name="Tarikh Zubair ibn al-Awwam; Ibrahim Habib Jamil">{{harvnb|Ibrahim Habib|1985|p=151}}</ref><br />
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==== Campaign in Levant ====<br />
{{Further|Battle of Yarmouk}}<br />
[[File:Mohammad-adil-rais-battlefield of yamouk.PNG|thumb|alt=map detailing the battle field of Yarmouk|Map detailing where the battle took place]]<br />
During the Rashidun invasion of the Levant, after [[Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah]] had pacified the area in Moab, he sent Zubayr and [[Fadl ibn Abbas]] to subdue the city of [[Amman]].<ref name="Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia" /> Waqidi recorded that [[Said ibn Aamir al-Jumahi]] testified that during the battle, he saw in the front of Muslim army Zubayr and Fadl fighting ferociously against the Byzantines atop of their horses. Said ibn Amir followed by saying that the Rashidun army butchered the fleeing Byzantine soldiers, while some were captured as prisoners of war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ibn-ʿAbdallāh Abū-Ismāʿīl al-Azdī al-Baṣrī |first1=Muhammad |editor1-last=Nassau Lees |editor1-first=W. |title="The" conquest of Syria commonly ascribed to Aboo 'Abd Allah Mohammad b. 'Omar al-Wáqidí · Volume 3 |date=1863 |publisher=Bengal military Press |location=Austrian National Library |page=153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzErgfe25EkC |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Bibliotheca Indica Pages 1-3, excerpts from Waqidi">{{cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Ganganatha |title=Bibliotheca Indica Pages 1-3 |date=1854 |publisher=Asiatic Society. |location=Calcutta, India |page=153 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/bibliotheca-indica-collection-oriental-works |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> Then Zubair managed to kill the Byzantine commander Nicetas and subdued the city of Amman.<ref name="Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia">{{cite book |last1=Kharasiyat |first1=Muhammad Abdul Qadir |title=عمان في العهد الإسلامي|trans-title=Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia |date=2004 |publisher=Amman Municipality |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JfVtAAAAMAAJ |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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===== Battle of the Yarmuk =====<br />
Later, Zubayr participated in the [[Battle of the Yarmuk]] in 636.<ref>Futun Misr wa al Maghrib, p. 61; Qa’dat Fath al Sham wa Misr, p. 208-226</ref> In the battle, Zubayr was placed on the left wing commanded by [[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan]], leading his personal squadron among other dozen{{clarify|date=January 2022}} squadrons of the left wing.<ref name="History of Tabari The challenge to the empires blankinship">{{harvnb|Tabari|Yahya Blankinship |1993|pp=92–93 }}</ref> Zubayr twice charged alone against the row of Byzantine soldiers, breaking up their ranks and suffering a heavy shoulder injury in the process.{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}}<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam">{{harvtxt|al-Misri|2015|p=Zubayr ibn Awwam chapter}}</ref> Abdullah ibn Zubayr, who at that time was still a child and was carried on his father's chest,<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />{{sfn|adh-Dhahabī|2008}}<ref name="Abd as Sattar al Marsumy; Yarmuk">{{cite web |last1=al-Marsumy |first1=Abdus Sattar |title=The Battle of Yarmouk is a battle that changed the course of history رابط |url=https://ar.islamway.net/article/16029/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE |access-date=17 January 2022 |language=ar |date=2013 |quote=narrated through Urwah ibn Zubayr on the authority of Abdullah ibn Zubayr: "I was ten years old during the battle (on his horse with his father)"}}</ref> testified that his father was doing the [[salah]] prayer on top of his camel while fighting the enemy at the same time.{{sfn|Abu Bakr |1985|p=249}} At some point, Zubayr fought side by side with Khalid ibn al-Walid and [[Hashim ibn Utba]] (also known as Hashim al-Marqal) until the three of them reached the tent of [[Vahan (Byzantine commander)|Vahan]], commander of the [[Armenians|Armenian]] division of the Byzantines, causing the chaotic retreat of the Armenian ranks.<ref name="Futuh as-Sham Maktaba website online">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Umar al-Waqidi |first1=Muhammad |title=Futuh as-Sham |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12045 |website=المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة |publisher=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya |access-date=7 December 2021 |language=ar|date=1997}}{{cite book |last1=Ibn Umar |first1=Muhammad|author-link1=Al-Waqidi |title=Futūḥ al-šām 1 |date=1865 |publisher=al-Maṭbaʿah al-Kastīliyyah |page=179 |language=ar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3u14V7Qai20C|access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref> Zubayr's brother, Abd al-Rahman al-Zubayr, died in the battle.{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}}<br />
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After the battle at Yarmuk, Zubayr continued to accompany the Muslim army in the Levant and captured the coastal city of Ayla (modern-day [[Aqaba]]).{{sfn|Athamina|2000|p=42}}{{sfn|Al-Asqalani|2000|p=349}} After Jerusalem [[Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)|had been subdued]], Zubayr accompanied caliph Umar to visit the city.<ref name="Jerusalem Zubayr">{{cite book |last1=Adham Jarrar |first1=Husni |title=Scholars and preachers in Bait Al-Maqdis and its environs : Book One: Sheikh Ahmad Hamid Al-Nahawi, Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Da'our, Sheikh Asaad Bayoudh Al-Tamimi, Sheikh Tawfiq Mahmoud Jarrar, Sheikh Fariz Mahmoud Jarrar, Sheikh Muhammad Sabri Abdeen, Sheikh Muhammad Fouad Abu Zaid, Sheikh Mashhour Damin |date=2011 |publisher=al manhal |isbn=9796500035864 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yuuBDwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3 |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref><br />
[[File:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam sword.jpg|thumb|Zubayr Sword]]<br />
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==== Campaign in Persia ====<br />
In 635 to 636, the caliph assembled his council, including Zubayr, Ali, and Talhah, about the battle plan to face the Persian army of [[Rostam Farrokhzad]] in Qadisiyyah.<ref name="معركة القادسية Qadisiyyah">{{cite web |title=معركة القادسية|trans-title =The story of Arab civilization in one digital library; Battle of Qadisiyyah |url=http://al-hakawati.net/Cultures/CultureDetails/169/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9 |website=2022 © Al-Hakawati - Arab Foundation for Culture |issn=2379-7290 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> At first the caliph himself led the forces (including Zubayr) from Arabia to Iraq,<ref name="معركة القادسية Qadisiyyah" /> but the council urges Umar not to lead the army and instead appoint someone else, as his presence was needed more urgently in the capital.<ref name="معركة القادسية Qadisiyyah" /> Umar agreed and asked the council to suggest the commander to lead the army. The council agreed to send [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]]; Sa'd served as the overall commander on Persian conquest and won the [[Battle of al-Qadisiyyah]].<ref name="معركة القادسية Qadisiyyah" /><br />
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Later, the caliph heard that Sassanid forces from Mah, [[Qom]], [[Hamadan]], [[Ray, Iran|Ray]], [[Isfahan]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Nahavand]] had gathered in Nahavand to counter the Arab invasion.<ref name="ibn Faris">{{cite book |last1=bin Muhammad bin Jaafar bin Hayyan |first1=Abi Muhammad Abdullah |editor1-last=Abdul-Haq Al-Hussein Al-Balushi |editor1-first=Abdul-Ghafoor |title=طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان والواردين عليها - ج ١|trans-title=The layers of the modernists in Isfahan and those who received it - Part 1 |year=1991 |publisher=al-Risalah foundation publishing, printing, and distribution |quote=ذكر ابن فارس بأن الفاء والشين والغين : أصل. يدل على الانتشار. يقال : انفشغ الشيء وتفشغ ، إذا انتشر ، انظر «معجم مقاييس اللغة» ٤ / ٥٠٥.|page=195 |url=https://books.rafed.net/m/?type=c_fbook&b_id=2428&page=195 |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> Caliph Umar responded by assembling a war council consisting of Zubayr, Ali, Uthman ibn Affan, [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah|Talha]], Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]], and [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] to discuss the strategy to face the Sassanids in Nahavand.<ref name="Raghib Sirjani; Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas">{{cite web |last1=Sirjani |first1=Raghib |author1-link=Ragheb Sergani |title=the dismissal of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas |url=https://islamstory.com/ar/artical/19906/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%80%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5 |website=Islamstory.com |access-date=19 December 2021 |language=ar|date=2006}}</ref><br />
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The caliph want to lead the army himself, but Ali urged the caliph to instead delegate the battlefield commands to the field commanders. The caliph decides to send Zubayr, [[Tulayha]], [[Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib]], [[Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As|Abdullah ibn Amr]] [[Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays]] and others under the command of [[Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin]] to go to Nahavand,<ref name="Tartib wa Tahdzib Al-Kkitab bidayah wan Nihayah by Ibn Kathir">{{cite book |last1=bin Shamil as-sulami |first1=Muhammad |translator=Abu Ihsan al-Atsari |editor1-last=Amin Sjihab |editor1-first=Ahmad |title=Tartib wa Tahdzib Al-Kkitab bidayah wan Nihayah by Ibn Kathir |date=2004 |publisher=Dar al-Wathan Riyadh KSA; DARUL HAQ, Jakarta |location=Jakarta |pages=218–220 |url=https://adoc.pub/judul-asli-tartib-wa-tahdzib-al-kkitab-bidayah-wan-nihayah-p.html |access-date=22 December 2021 |language=id, ar}}</ref> to face the army of the [[Sasanian Empire]] in the [[battle of Nahavand]].<ref name="Battle of Nahavand" /> The reinforcements sent to aid the army in Nahavand numbered 4,000 soldiers.<ref name="Reconnaissance and its role in Arab-Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 CE">{{cite book |last1=Mahmud Abasy al-Jabir |first1=Khalid |title=الإستطلاع و دوره في التاريخ العربي الإسلامي لغاية 23 هـ / 645 م |trans-title=Reconnaissance and its role in Arab-Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 CE |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WkesDQAAQBAJ|date=2013 |publisher=Al Manhal |isbn=9796500081069 |page=257 |access-date=6 December 2021 |quote=Subhi Abdul Hamid; Ma'araka al-Arba' al-hasimah; page 131}}</ref> Then as the reinforcements from Medina arrived in Nahavand, Umar gave further instruction for the army from Kufa under [[Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman]] and the army of Basra under [[Abu Musa al-Ashari]] to merge with al-Nu'man's army under the overall command of al-Nu'man.<ref name="ibn Yusuf al-Fadari; mens among prophet">{{cite book |last1=ibn Yusuf al-Fadari |first1=Ahmad |title=رجال مع رسول الله (ص) في طريق الدعوة |date=2016 |publisher=دار الارقم بن ابي الارقم - بيروت / لبنان |isbn=9789953720845 |page=255 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnIADQAAQBAJ |access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> The Arabs won a huge victory (hailed by medieval chroniclers as ''Fatih al-Futuh'' or "victory of victories") against the 150,000-man Sassanid army,<ref name="Battle of Nahavand">{{cite book |last1=Abd al Hadi |first1=Ahmad |title=من معارك الفتوح الإسلامية |trans-title=From the battles of the Islamic conquests |isbn= 9789775967466|publisher= مركز الراية للنشر والإعلام،|date=2001 |page=120 |access-date=6 December 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8FtAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85|language=ar}}</ref> more than half of whom were killed.<ref name="Reconnaissance and its role in Arab and Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 AD 2">{{harvnb|Mahmud Abasy al-Jabir|2013|p=245 }}</ref><ref name="Assassination of Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab: Complete Records of the Investigation of the Crime">{{cite book |last1=Kamal |first1=Zuhayr |title=اغتيال الخليفة عمر بن الخطاب: المحاضر الكاملة للتحقيق في الجريمة|trans-title=Assassination of Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab: Complete Records of the Investigation of the Crime |date=2009 |publisher=الدار العربية للعلوم، ناشرون، |isbn=9789953878232 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uARGAQAAIAAJ&q=150000%20%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%20%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF |access-date=7 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref> Where there are records about Zubayr involvement in this battle of Nahavand.<ref name="Al-Habib Al-'Azim"/><br />
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Later, after the [[siege of Shushtar]], the Sassanid's chief commander, [[Hormuzan]] was captured by the Rashidun army. Zubayr then urged caliph Umar to pardon Hormuzan, which Umar granted.<ref name="Syarh Musnad Shafiite">{{cite book |last1=ar Rafi'i Al-Qazwini |first1=Abdul Karim |editor1-last=Wail Muhammad Zafar |editor1-first=Abu Bakar |title=كتاب شرح مسند الشافعي|trans-title=Kitab as Sharah Musnad as-Shafii (Musnad as Shafii explanation book) |date=2007 |publisher=Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs Department of Islamic Affairs |location=Qatar |page=98 |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=3464 |access-date=19 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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==== Campaign in North Africa ====<br />
{{Further|Muslim conquest of Egypt|Oxyrhynchus|Muslim conquest of the Maghreb}}<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| width = 350<br />
| image1 = Az Zubair ibn Al Awwam mosque, Benghazi.JPG<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = Mosque of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam in [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]]<br />
| image2 = Djemila - mosquée مسجد الزبير بن العوام - جميلة - panoramio.jpg<br />
| alt2 = <br />
| caption2 = Djemilla mosque on Zubayr ibn al-Awwam street in [[Algeria]]<br />
| image3 = فتوح مصر والنوبة.jpg<br />
| alt3 = <br />
| caption3 = Map showing the path of the Islamic armies and their conquest of Egypt and [[Oxyrhynchus]] during the reign of the second caliph, Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.<br />
}}<br />
After the [[Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)|conquest of Jerusalem]] caliph Umar stayed for while in Jerusalem,<ref name="I.K.A Howard">{{cite book |last1=Ibn Jarir at-Tabari |first1=Muhammad |last2=Howard |first2=I.K.A |title=The Conquest of Iraq, Southwestern Persia, and Egypt |date=1989 |publisher=State University of New York Press |page=166 |isbn=978-0-88706-876-8 |edition=G. H. A. Juynboll translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksXPNO4TY-oC |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> [[Amr ibn al-As]], who at that time was in [[Egypt]] besieging a Byzantine fortress, sent a message to Umar asking for reinforcements of exactly 8,000 soldiers. However, since at the moment the available manpower of the caliphate was strained, the caliph was only able to send 4,000 soldiers, led by four commanders.{{#tag:ref|[[John of Nikiû]] supported this traditions from Muslim chroniclers that the reinforcements numbered 4,000 although John did not mention the 4 commanders.{{sfn|Sijpesteijn|2006|page=440, quoting John of Nikiou}}|group="Notes"}}{{#tag:ref|Hendrickx mentioned there were at least a thousand Black African soldiers under Ubadah, among these reinforcements.{{sfn|Hendrickx|2012|p=110-112}}|group="Notes"}} The four commanders were two veteran Muhajireen, Zubayr and [[Miqdad ibn Aswad]], and two Ansari commanders named [[Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari]] and [[Ubadah ibn al-Samit]].{{sfn|adh-Dhahabī|2008}} However, [[Al-Baladhuri|Baladhuri]], [[Ali ibn al-Athir|Ibn al-Athir]] and [[Ibn Sa'd]] recorded that the four commander were Zubayr, [[Busr ibn Abi Artat]], [[Umayr ibn Wahb]], and [[Kharija ibn Hudhafa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Usd al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat al-Sahabah 1 Thick Volume (أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة) by Imam 'Izz al-Din Abi al-Hassan Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari, Looh Press; Islamic & African Studies|url=https://www.loohpress.com/product_info.php/products_id/2019|access-date=2020-08-08|website=www.loohpress.com|archive-date=2019-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504114412/https://www.loohpress.com/product_info.php/products_id/2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Baladhuri">{{cite book |last1=Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri |first1=Ahmad |title=The Origins of the Islamic State Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan|date=March 2011 |publisher=Cosimo |isbn=978-1-61640-534-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcWtttJL3WEC|access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Tabaqat al Kabir; Ibn Sa'd">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Sa'd |first1=Muhammad |title=al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr |url=https://libguides.mit.edu/c.php?g=883344&p=6346960 |website=MIT Libraries |publisher=MIT |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Regardless of the version, [[Claude Cahen]] remarked that this reinforcement army did not include any chieftains or tribes that rebelled during the [[Ridda Wars]], which means this army consisted solely of those who had proven loyal from the beginning of the [[Rashidun Caliphate|Caliphate]].<ref name="M.A. Shaban">{{cite book |last1=Shaban |first1=M.A. |title=Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600-750 (AH 132) A New Interpretation |date=October 14, 1976 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=34 |isbn=978-0-521-29131-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEFMYRxteB4C |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>|group="Notes"}}<br />
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There are differing opinions regarding the number of soldiers which Zubayr brought: some say 12,000, others only 8,000.<ref name="Reconnaissance and its role in Arab-Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 CE" /> Military historian Khalid Mahmud supports the view that the force with Zubayr numbered 4,000 fighters, as it is similar to the number of soldiers in previous reinforcements at the battles of the Yarmuk, [[Battle of al-Qadisiyyah|al-Qadisiyyah]] and later to the battle of Nahavand.<ref name="Reconnaissance and its role in Arab-Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 CE" /> The second reason was the abrupt request for aid from Egypt only allowed for a small number of soldiers.<ref name="Reconnaissance and its role in Arab-Islamic history until 23 AH / 645 CE" /><br />
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As they arrived in Egypt, Zubayr immediately helped the Rashidun army capture the city of [[Faiyum]].<ref name="Aqqad2014">{{cite book |last=al-Aqqad |first=Abbas Mahmoud |author-link=Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad |script-title=ar:عمرو بن العاص |trans-title=Amr ibn al-Aas |url=https://www.hindawi.org/books/26931350/ |date=2014 |orig-date=1944 |publisher=Hindawi Foundation |isbn=978-1-5273-0632-5 |language=ar |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> After the fall of Faiyum, Zubayr march to [[Ain Shams]] to assist 'Amr in besieging the Byzantine fortress at [[Heliopolis (Lebanon)|Heliopolis]], which had been besieged before by 'Amr unsuccessfully for months.{{sfn|Abd al-Hamid Ali|1998|p=121}}<ref name="Mahajjah; Dhahabi">{{cite web |last1=Dhahabi |first1=Sham ad Din |title=The biography of 'Amr ibn al 'As radiya Llahu 'anhu; His deeds at the time of Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthman |url=https://mahajjah.com/biography-of-amr-ibn-al-as/ |website=Mahajjah |publisher=Mahajjah Institute |access-date=15 November 2021 |ref=Siyar A’lam al Nubala’, 3/70; Al Qiyad al ‘Askariyyah fi ‘Ahd al Rasul, p. 634-942}}</ref> At Heliopolis Zubayr helped repel a surprise Byzantine counterattack at night against the Rashidun forces.<ref name="Tartib wa Tahdzib Al-Kkitab bidayah wan Nihayah by Ibn Kathir"/> The Byzantines eventually surrendered and the prefect of the city [[Al-Muqawqis]], agreed to pay 50,000 gold coins.<ref name="Tartib wa Tahdzib Al-Kkitab bidayah wan Nihayah by Ibn Kathir"/><br />
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Later, during the [[Siege of Babylon Fortress]], early chroniclers the mid medieval chronicler Qatadah reported that Zubayr personally led his soldiers climbing the walls of the fortress,<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> then instructed his troops to shout [[Takbir]] the moment he reached the top of the wall.{{#tag:ref|[[Al-Baladhuri|Baladhuri]] said Zubayr climbed the Babylon fortress wall alone,{{sfn|Baladhuri|1996}} while other sources said he climbed it with a handful of soldiers.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />|group="Notes"}} Zubayr immediately descended from the top of the wall and opened the gates, which caused the entire Muslim army to enter, prompting the terrified [[Muqawqis]] to surrender.{{#tag:ref|The entire narration is found in Qatadah's work, Futuh as-Sham wa Misr, pages 209 and 227.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />|group="Notes"}} In Tabari's version, it was the Byzantine garrison who opened the gate as they immediately surrendered after witnessed Zubayr climbing the fortress wall.<ref name="Tabari Abu al Fadl edition">{{harvtxt|Abu al Fadl|1967|pp=108–109}}</ref> [[Ibn Abd al-Hakam]] noted that Zubayr skipped the [[Siege of Alexandria (641)|siege of Alexandria]], as the siege was conducted by 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit.<ref name="Ibn Abd al Hakam Futh al Misr">{{harvtxt|Ibn Abd al-Hakam|2014|p=126}}: Narrated by Abd al-Jabbar, who reported from Ibn Lahi’ah, who reported from Yazid ibn Abi Habib.</ref><br />
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===== Conquest of al-Bahnasa =====<br />
Later in 639, the Rashidun forces marched south to the Byzantine city named [[Oxyrhynchus]] (al-Bahnasa in Arabic).<ref name="Demise ofChriistian Oxhyrhyncus">{{harvnb|H. Blumell |2012 |pp=295–300}}</ref> 'Amr delegated [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] to lead Zubayr and a Muslim army of 10,000 under his command to invade the city, where they faced Sudanese Christian auxiliaries of the Byzantine-[[Beja people|Beja]] coalition in the Battle of Darishkur.{{sfn|Blumell|2012|p=295-300}}{{#tag:ref|The compilation records about the conquest of Sudan and southern Egypt were compiled in ''Futuhat Bahnasa'' by Waqidi and records of al-Maqrizi.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=81}}{{sfn|Hendrickx|2012|p=109-110}}|group="Notes"}}<br />
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Before the battle, the Rashidun army camped in a place which called ''Dashur''.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}} Benjamin Hendrickx reported that the African Christians mustered around 20,000 ''symmachoi'' (black Sudanese auxiliary units of Byzantine), 1,300 war elephants with [[howdah]]s housing archers,{{sfn|Wallis Budge|2013|p=184; Maqrizi; translation by Na'um ben Suchair}} and anti-cavalry units named ''al-Quwwad'' armed with iron staffs,{{sfn|Hendrickx|2012|p=109-110}} all of them commanded by a [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] named Batlus.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=81}}{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=81}}{{sfn|Hendrickx|2012|p=109-110}} Al-Maqrizi and Waqidi stated in this conflict, Zubayr alongside Miqdad, [[Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar]], and [[Uqba ibn Amir]] each led 500 Rashidun cavalry to fight against the elephant corps of Batlus, by using spears soaked in [[santonin]] plants and [[sulfur]] which then ignite their spears with flames to drive the elephants back in terror.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}}{{#tag:ref|The original versions of collective narrations from Waqidi, [[Al-Masudi|Masudi]], [[Sa'id ibn Jubayr]], Abu Jaafar Al-Tabarani, Ibn Khalikan, Muhammad bin Ishaq and Ibn Hisham, differ about the Muslim commanders at the Battle of Darishkur. The broadest even mentioned that Khalid ibn al-Walid, [[Khawlah bint al-Azwar]](sister of Dhiraar), [[Al-Qa'qa' ibn Amr al-Tamimi]] and [[Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr|Abdurrahman ibn Abu Bakar]](son of [[Abu Bakr (name)|Abu Bakar]]) also attended this battle, and more details regarding the such as Zubayr and other commanders leading 500 [[Rashidun cavalry]] each.<ref name="Waqidi Futuh al Sham complete revised version">{{cite book |last1=Waqidi |first1=Muhammad ibn Umar |title=فتوح الشام (نسخة منقحة) |date=2008 |page=48 |edition=Revised |url=http://www.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%20%28%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%A9%29/i833%26n49%26p1 |access-date=15 November 2021 |ref=Al-Masudi, Abu Jaafar Al-Tabarani, Al-Waqidi, Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Hisham, the companions of the biographies and the people of interpretation such as Saeed bin Jubayr, Saeed Ibn Al-Musayyab and Ibn Abbas |archive-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613213727/http://www.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%20%28%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%A9%29/i833%26n49%26p1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |group="Notes"}} while the elephant riders were toppled from the elephant's back and crushed underfoot on the ground.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}} Meanwhile, the Quwwad warriors who used iron staffs were routed by the Rashidun cavalry soldiers who used a seized chain weapons on their hands to disarm the Quwwad staff weapons from their hands.{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=76-78}} It was narrated by Rafi' ibn Malik that the final phase of this battle occurred when Zubayr and several other commanders led a night raid with 1,000 [[Rashidun cavalry]], which routed the enemy encampments and seized many spoils, including numerous sheep.<ref name="Waqidi Futuh al Sham complete revised version" /><ref name="Waqidi Futh Sham version 2" /><br />
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After the victory at Darishkur, the Byzantine Sudanese fled to al-Bahnasa and locked the gates, which was followed by the Muslims besieging the town, as the Byzantines were reinforced by the arrival of 50,000 men, according to the report of [[Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari|al-Maqqari]].{{sfn|Norris|1986|p=81}}{{sfn|Hendrickx|2012|p=109-110}} The siege dragged on for months, until Khalid ibn al Walid commanded Zubayr, Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar and other commanders to intensify the siege and assigned them to lead around 10,000 [[Companions of the Prophet]], among them 70 who were veterans of battle of Badr.<ref name="SIEGE of Bahnasa Zubayr, Miqdad, Dhiraar" /> They besieged the city for 4 months as Miqdad lead 200 horsemens, while Zubayr led 300 horsemen, and Dhiraar, [[Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab|Abdullah ibn Umar]], [[Uqba ibn Amir|Uqba ibn Amir al-Juhani]] 200 horsemen each.<ref name="SIEGE of Bahnasa Zubayr, Miqdad, Dhiraar">{{cite news |title=دفن بها 5 آلاف صحابي.. البهنسا قبلة الزائرين من كل حدب وصوب |url=http://www.akhbar-alkhaleej.com/news/article/1245842 |access-date=22 December 2021 |agency=Gulf News |publisher=Gulf News |date=2021}}</ref> They camped in a village which was later renamed as Qays village, in honor of Qays ibn Harith, the overall commander of the Rashidun cavalry.<ref name="5000 Martyrs bahnasa">{{cite news |last1=Abdul Ghafur |first1=Hassan |title="البهنسا" البقيع الثانى بالمنيا.. هنا يرقد أبطال غزوة بدر.. دفن بأرضها نحو 5000 صحابى.. وبها مقام سيدى على التكرورى.. السياحة ترصد ميزانية لأعمال ترميم وصيانة آثارها وأبرزها قباب الصحابة وسط مدافن البسطاء (صور) |date=2020 |publisher=al-Yaum al-Sab'a |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%86/4917728 |access-date=29 December 2021}}</ref> The Byzantines and their Coptic allies showered the Rashidun army with arrows and stones from the city wall,{{#tag:ref|Waqidi recorded that around 5,000 Sahabah fell during the battle.<ref name="SIEGE of Bahnasa Zubayr, Miqdad, Dhiraar" />|group="Notes"}} until the Rashidun overcame the defenders, as Dhiraar came out from the battle with his entire body stained in blood, having slain 160 Byzantine soldiers during the battle.<ref name="SIEGE of Bahnasa Zubayr, Miqdad, Dhiraar" /> Chroniclers recorded that the Rashidun army finally breached the city gate under either Khalid ibn al-Walid or Qays ibn Harith.<ref name="Waqidi Futh Sham version 2">{{cite web |last1=Waqidi |first1=Muhammad ibn Umar |title=Futuh Sham, complete second version |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12045/599 |website=modern comprehensive library |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Waqidi Futuh al Sham complete revised version" /><ref name='Al-Shinnawy; "Al-Qays" city of Martyrs'>{{cite news |last1=Al Shinnawy |first1=Mohammed |title=مدينة الشهداء خارج حساب محافظ المنيا |trans-title=The city of martyrs is outside the account of the governor of Minya |url=https://www.sada-elarab.com/141143 |access-date=15 November 2021 |agency=Shada al-'Arab |publisher=Shada al-'Arab |date=2019}}</ref><br />
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After the conquest of Egypt and Sudan, Zubayr followed 'Amr to the west. The Muslim army under Amr continued their campaign toward [[Tripolitania]].{{sfn|al-Maghlouth|2015}} It is recorded during the lengthy siege of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], seven or eight Muslim soldiers from the Madhlij tribe of [[Kinanah]] accidentally spotted an unguarded side of Tripoli and managed to slip into the city unnoticed.{{sfn|Ibn Abd al Hakam|al-Hujairi|1996}} Caught off guard, the confused Byzantine garrison was thrown in panic by the intruders and fled with their ships anchored in the harbor.{{sfn|Ibn Abd al Hakam|al-Hujairi|1996}} These Madhlij warriors used this opportunity to open the town gate and inform 'Amr, who led the Muslim army to enter the city unopposed.{{sfn|Ibn Abd al Hakam|al-Hujairi|1996}}{{#tag:ref|The number of the Madhlij warriors was given as seven or eight, depending on the secondary sources.{{sfn|Ibn Abd al Hakam|al-Hujairi|1996}}|group="Notes"}} After they subdued Tripoli, Libda, and [[Sirte]] in 643 AD (22 AH), 'Amr sent Zubayr to besiege [[Sabratha]] in advance,{{sfn|al-Maghlouth|2015}} before 'Amr joined him.<ref name="Adil Kamal Atlas of Muslim conquest">{{harvnb|Adil Kamal |2005|p=169}}</ref> In 644, after Zubayr and Amr had stormed Sabratha, they conquered Sharwas, a city in the [[Nafusa Mountains]].<ref name="Байкал атлас">{{cite book |last1=Ivanovich Galaziĭ |first1=Grigoriĭ |last2=sluzhba geodezii i kartografii Rossii |first2=Federalʹnaia |title=Байкал атлас |date=1993 |publisher=Nauchnyĭ sovet po programme "Sibirʹ" (Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk) |isbn=9785851200090 |page=318 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ud8RAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%20%22%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9%22 |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=ar, ru}}</ref><br />
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However, further conquests in Africa came to halt after caliph Umar instructed them to restrain from advancing and consolidate the pacified region first.<ref name="Haykalch24">{{harvnb|Haykal|1944|loc=chpt. 24}}</ref> In 642, Zubayr settled in a house adjacent to the [[Mosque of Amr ibn al-As]], neighboring the homes of other Sahabah such as [[Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As]], [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]], [[Abu Dharr al-Ghifari]], Abdullah ibn Umar, and Ubadah.<ref name="The Champions of the True Faith">{{cite book |last1=Adel |first1=Farid |title=The Champions of the True Faith |date=2016 |publisher=Xleebres United States |isbn=9781524547080 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRY-DQAAQBAJ&dq=amr+aas+mosque+egypt+zubayr&pg=PT154 |access-date=5 January 2022 |language=en |format=ebook}}</ref><br />
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At some point during Umar's reign, when Zubayr was in Medina, he along with Miqdad and the caliph's son, [[Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab|Abdullah ibn Umar]], went to Khaybar to collect their share of the profits from properties and plantations in Khaybar in which they held a stake. These properties were managed and worked by the Jewish tribes of Khaybar, who has been subdued during the time of Muhammad.<ref name="Narratives of Imam Al-Zuhri in Maghazi" /> However, the Jewish tribes in Khaybar refused and instead hurt Abdullah ibn Umar, who suffered a broken hand from their harassment.<ref name="Narratives of Imam Al-Zuhri in Maghazi" /> This prompted caliph Umar to expel the entire Jewish population from Khaybar and give the properties to Muslim overlords.<ref name="Narratives of Imam Al-Zuhri in Maghazi">{{cite book |last1=bin Muhammad al-Awaji |first1=Muhammad |type=doctorate |editor1-last=al-Umari |editor1-first=Akram |title=مرويات الإمام الزهري في المغازي |date=2004 |trans-title=Narratives of Imam Al-Zuhri in Maghazi |publisher=The Islamic University of Madinah |location=Medina |page=647 |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=6639 |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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==== Reign of caliph Uthman ====<br />
Later, as caliph Umar was dying in 644, he selected Zubayr and five other men to elect the next [[caliph]]. Zubayr personally gave his own vote to nominate Ali as caliph.<ref name="Areq Encyclopedia=Zubair ibn Awwam">{{cite encyclopedia<br />
|title= الزبير بن العوام<br />
|encyclopedia= areq Encyclopedia<br />
|date= <br />
|publisher= areq<br />
|quote = Al-Bukhari, The Book of the Virtues of the Companions of the Prophet, Chapter: The Story of Allegiance, and the Agreement on Othman Bin Affan, in which Omar Bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, was killed, Hadith No. 3700, copy reserved January 20, 2018 on the Wayback website (البخاري، كتاب فضائل أصحاب النبي، باب قصة البيعة، والاتفاق على عثمان بن عفان وفيه مقتل عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنهما، حديث رقم 3700نسخة محفوظة 20 يناير 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.)<br />
|url= https://areq.net/m/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85.html<br />
|access-date=16 December 2021<br />
}}</ref> After this, Zubayr officially served as a member of [[Majlis-ash-Shura]], which was responsible for the elections of the caliph and functioned as a governmental advisory council regarding the law.{{sfn|Al-Mawardi |2017}}<br />
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Later, in the year of 27 AH, during the [[Muslim conquest of North Africa]], Zubayr and his son, Abdullah were sent by caliph Uthman as reinforcements for [[Abdallah ibn Sa'd]] when fighting a Byzantine splinter group of about 120,000 under [[Gregory the Patrician]].<ref name="تاريخ بلاد الشام" /><ref name="معركة سبيطلة سنة 27هـ|trans-title=The Battle of Sufetula in the year 27 AH">{{cite web |last1=Munir al-Janabaz|type=Dictirate |first1=Muhammad |title=معركة سبيطلة سنة 27هـ|trans-title=The Battle of Sufetula in the year 27 AH |url=https://www.alukah.net/culture/0/117572/ |website=Alukah |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=ar|date=2017}}</ref> During this battle, Zubayr's son, Abdullah ibn Zubayr, played a pivotal role as he led an attack that caught Gregory off guard when the two forces were still in stalemate, and decapitated the Byzantine general, causing the resistance of the Byzantine army to crumble as their morale plummeted.<ref name="تاريخ بلاد الشام">{{cite book |last1=Ismail Ali |first1=Ahmad |title=تاريخ بلاد الشام |date=1998|trans-title=History of Sham country |publisher=.ع.إ. علي، |page=151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHdtAAAAMAAJ&q=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%20%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85 |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=ar|format=Ebook}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Abdullah ibn Masud]] died, Zubayr petitioned caliph [[Uthman]] to give Abdullah's pension to his heirs, which was granted by the caliph.<ref name="Abdullah ibn Mas'ud pension">{{cite book |last1=Jasim Janabi |first1=Khalid |title=تنظيمات الجيش العربي الإسلامي في العصر الأموي |trans-title=Organizations of the Islamic Arab Army in the Umayyad Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ui65AAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%20(%20%D8%B1%D8%B6%20)%20%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%20%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1 |publisher=the University of California |access-date=7 December 2021 |language=ar|date=1984}}</ref> Later, when [[Miqdad ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi|Miqdad ibn al-Aswad]], one of Zubayr's fellow veterans, died of an illness, Miqdad left a message for Zubayr to manage and sell one of his estates, from which the proceeds would given to [[Hasan ibn Ali]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali]], with each receiving 18,000 dirhams from the endowment, while from the rest he asked Zubayr to give each of [[Muhammad's wives]] 7,000 dirhams.<ref name="Miqdad bin Amr, may God be pleased with him">{{cite book |last1=Shakir |first1=Mahmud |author1-link=Mahmud Shakir |title=المقداد بن عمرو رضي الله عنه|trans-title=Miqdad bin Amr, may God be pleased with him |date=1985 |publisher=المكتب الاسلامي |url=https://books-library.com/read/1290858597|location=Damascus, Syria; Lebanon |access-date=22 December 2021 |language=ar|quote=Tahdhib Al-Kamal Al-Mazi; Jamal ad-Din Yusuf Hajjaj al-Mazi; Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah, Ali ibn al-Athir; Siyar a'lam Nubala, Shams ad-Din ad-Dhahabi}}</ref><br />
<br />
Zubayr's engagement in caliph Uthman's policy of land exchange resulted in him gaining lands in Egypt, such as [[Fustat]] and Alexandria, in return for lands in Arabia.{{sfn|Ibrahim|2011|p=88}}<br />
<br />
==== First civil war and Zubayr's death ====<br />
{{Further|Battle of the Camel}}<br />
[[File:Tomb of Zubayr.jpg|thumb|right|Tomb of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam at Basra, Iraq]]<br />
Uthman was [[Siege of Uthman|assassinated]] in 656. Zubayr had reason to hope that he would be elected as the next caliph, although he knew that his old ally Talha was also a strong contender.<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l-Muluk''. Translated by Humphreys, R. S. (1990). Vol. 15, ''The Crisis of the Early Caliphate'', pp. 238-239. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> However, Ali was elected,<ref name="Suyuti">Jalal ad-Din Abdulrahman Al-Suyuti, ''Tarikh al-Khulafa''. Translated by Jarrett, H. S. (1881). ''History of the Caliphs''. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.</ref>{{rp|166,176}} to the consternation of Muhammad's widow [[Aisha bint Abi Bakr|Aisha]].<ref name="Tabari16">Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l-Muluk''. Translated by Brockett, A. (1997). Vol. 16, ''The Community Divided''. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref>{{rp|52}} Thereupon Zubayr met with Aisha and Talha in Mecca, claiming that he had only given allegiance under duress to Ali at swordpoint.<ref name="Suyuti" /><br />
<br />
Zubayr, Talha and Aisha called for Uthman's death to be avenged, and while Ali agreed, he said that he was not able to do it at the time.<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|18}} The allies then gathered an army and marched to [[Basra]], where they defeated the governor and took over the city,<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|69–70,76}}<ref>Muir, W. (1924). ''The Caliphate: its Rise, Decline, and Fall from Original Sources'', 2nd Ed., pp. 243-244. Edinburgh: John Grant.</ref> putting to death everyone who had been implicated in the assassination of Uthman.<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|73}} When they were challenged over why they now cared about Uthman, when they had shown him so much hostility during his lifetime, they claimed: "We wanted Uthman to meet our demands. We didn't want him to be killed."<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|69}}<br />
<br />
According to Adrian Brocket's translation of Tabari, Ali behaved like a man who suspected hostility towards himself, for he soon entered Basra with a professional army of 20,000.<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|121}} For several days, there were negotiations, as both sides asserted they wanted only to see justice done.<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|122,129,130,132,152}} But on 7 December 656, hostilities erupted as Aisha's warriors killed Ali's messenger-boy, and Ali responded, "Battle is now justified, so fight them!"<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|126–127}}<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Ibn Kathir in his book ''al Bidaya wa Nihaya'' recorded a more detailed version that the side of Zubayr, Aisha, and Talha were in the way of agreement with Ali as through negotiation of al-Qa'qa ibn Amr as arbitrator.<ref name="Areq Encyclopedia=Zubair ibn Awwam 2">{{cite encyclopedia<br />
|title= الزبير بن العوام<br />
|encyclopedia= areq Encyclopedia<br />
|publisher= areq<br />
|quote = Al-Bidaya wa Nihaya c 7, p. 250, Maktabat al-Shamilat saved version August 17, 2017 site. (البداية والنهاية لابن كثير جـ 7، صـ 250، الموسوعة الشاملةنسخة محفوظة 17 أغسطس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.)<br />
|url= https://areq.net/m/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85.html<br />
|access-date=16 December 2021<br />
}}</ref> However, suddenly [[Abdullah ibn Saba']], [[Malik al-Ashtar]] and Shuraih ibn Awfa incited a riot within the ranks of Ali's soldiers during the negotiations, plunging both sides into confusion and thus inciting the start of the combat.<ref name="Areq Encyclopedia=Zubair ibn Awwam 2" /><br />
<br />
The battle started, but according to some traditions at some point Zubayr lost the desire to fight. He said that Ali had talked him out of it during the negotiations on the grounds that they were cousins, and reminding him that Muhammad had once told Zubayr that he would one day fight Ali and he (Zubayr) would be on the wrong side. Zubayr's son 'Abd Allah accused him of fearing Ali's army. 'Abd Allah was hostile to Ali because his mother was Aisha's sister and she had raised him like her son. In a sermon of his, Ali laments that 'Zubayr remained a part of our family until his wretched son Abd Allah came along'. Whatever the case, Zubayr left the battlefield while Aisha continued to direct her troops from her camel. A man named [[Amr ibn Jarmouz]] decided to track Zubayr's movements and followed him to a nearby field. It was time for prayer so, after each had asked the other what he was doing there, they agreed to pray. While Zubayr was prostrating, Amr ibn Jurmuz stabbed him in the neck and killed him.<ref name="Tabari16" />{{rp|111–112,116,126,158–159}}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
=== In Islamic scholarship ===<br />
{{Further|Majlis-ash-Shura}}<br />
Zubayr is generally viewed by Islamic scholars as an important figure, who collectively classified Zubayr as being among the highest-ranked [[Companions of Muhammad]], due to his inclusion among the ten Muslims to whom Muhammad [[The ten to whom Paradise was promised|guaranteed Paradise]] while they were still alive.<ref>Abu Dawud 40:4632.</ref><ref>Tirmidhi #3747</ref><br />
<br />
Aside from his inclusion in the hadith about ten companion who guaranteed paradise, scholars also exalted Zubayr for these six particular events:<br />
<br />
* His [[Hegira|migration]] from Mecca to Medina, for their perseverance and willingness to leave worldly possessions in favor of mass migration due to the instruction of Muhammad.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><br />
* The [[Battle of Badr]], at which he won an honorific title of ''Al-Badri''.{{sfn|al-Dihlawī |1991|p=401}} <br />
* The [[Battle of Uhud]], for which he received the title of ''Al-Uhudi''.{{sfn|al-Dihlawī |1991|p=401}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri-Hawari" /><br />
* The [[Battle of Hamra al-Asad]]<ref name="Suyuti" /><ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}}<br />
* The [[Battle of the Trench]], for which Muhammad himself bestowed upon him the special title of ''Hawari Rasulullah'' for his distinguished service.<ref name="Suyuti" /><ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" />{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}}<br />
* The [[Pledge of the Tree]].<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /><br />
<br />
[[Shia]] Muslims generally view Zubayr negatively, as he is considered a heretic for his involvement in the [[Battle of the Camel]].<ref name="Shiite view towards Zubayr">{{cite web |title=The battle of Jamal: Understanding Imam Ali's stance with the leaders who opposed him |date=2020|url=https://www.almahdi.edu/the-battle-of-jamal-understanding-imam-alis-stance-with-the-leaders-who-opposed-him/ |website=Al-Mahdi Institute |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Prayer and ethics ===<br />
{{Further|Salah}}<br />
Zubayr established a number of traditions in Islamic prayer and ethics, including a prayer gesture of clasping his right middle, ring, and pinky fingers while pointing the index finger and putting the thumb above the clasped middle finger,<ref name="Tafsir Shalat Ammi Nur baits">{{harvtxt|Nur Baits|2021|p=248 Hadith Riwayat Muslim 1336}}</ref> whether to sit down while eating and drinking,<ref name="Fiqih Praktis sehari-hari">{{harvtxt |Nu'man|2020|p=171, Muwatta Imam Malik, no.3424. Nawawi take this ruling from Muwatta despite being Shafiite scholar}}</ref> prohibiting sleep during [[Fajr]],<ref name="Fiqih Praktis sehari-hari2">{{harvtxt |Nu'man|2020|p=282, Narrated by Urwah ibn az-Zubayr, that his father forbade his sons to sleep during morning prayer time;narrated by Hadith scholar [[Ibn Abi Shaybah]] }}</ref> and reciting sura [[Ar-Ra'd]], [[Ayah]] 13|{{Cite quran|13|13|s=r|t=s}} whenever a Muslim hears the sound of [[thunder]].<ref name="fatwa ibn Baz12">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Baz |first1=Abd al Aziz|author-link1=Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz |title= ما يحسن بالمسلم قوله عند نزول المطر أو سماع الرعد؟ |trans-title=What is good for a Muslim to say when it rains or when he hears thunder?; Fatwa number 13/85 |url=https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/5241/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%AF |website=BinBaz.org |access-date=11 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Hadith and law ===<br />
{{Further|Fatwa|Madhhab}}<br />
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|population in 2009.<ref>[http://veil.unc.edu/religions/islam/law/ Jurisprudence and Law – Islam] Reorienting the Veil, University of North Carolina (2009)</ref> Four main Sunni Madhhabs in modern era were greatly influenced by az-Zubayr Jurisprudence]]<br />
<br />
As one of principal companions of Muhammad who followed him from the beginning of Islam, many [[hadith]] are attributed to Zubayr.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> However, there are very few hadith from Zubayr in comparison with other companions of Muhammad,{{inconsistent}} as he was reluctant to tell many hadith about Muhammad even though he had been constantly in his company. As he explained to his son Abdullah, "I heard Allah’s Messenger say, ‘Anyone who tells a lie about me should take a seat in the Fire.'"<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|80}}<br />
<br />
In his exegesis, Zubayr emphasized the importance of ''[[sunnah]]'' and tradition as guidance, as opposed to the more analytical ''[[qiyas]]'' method of [[Ahl al-Ra'y]].<ref name="Alwani Fiqh methodology2">{{harvtxt|Alwani|DeLorenzo|Al-Shikh-Ali|2003|p=20}}</ref> Thus, [[Sunni Islam]] Madhhab scholars have accepted hadith and exegesis from Zubayr as the source of Islam jurisprudence.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr's ruling on Islamic law have been influential to the [[Shafiʽi school|Shafi'i]],<ref name="Bulughul Maram Indonesia">{{harvtxt|al-Asqalani|Yusuf|2007|p=162}}</ref> [[Hanbali]],<ref name="Ensiklopedi Ijma' Ibnu Taimiyyah2">{{harvtxt|al Bushi|2019|p=685,686}}</ref> [[Hanafi]],<ref name="Poonawala">{{harvtxt|Abū Ḥanīfah|Poonawala|2002|p=450}}</ref> and [[Zahiri]] schools.<ref name="PROKAMI">{{cite book |last1=Aisyah Ismail |first1=Siti|type=Doctorate |editor1-last=Yasir |editor1-first=Muhammad |title=Kontroversi Imunisasi|trans-title=Immunization controversy |date=2014 |publisher=Pustaka Al-Kautsar, PROKAMI (Indonesian Muslim Health Professionals Association) |isbn=9789795926856 |pages=165–166 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXvlDwAAQBAJ |access-date=21 December 2021 |format=Hardcover |chapter=Panduan Syariah dalam berobat}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Contemporary ====<br />
[[File:Ibn saleh with khalid Al-Sulaim and Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen 1968.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen]] (far left), 20th century [[Salafi movement|Salafi]] scholar and Saudi Permanent Committee of Fatwa member.]]<br />
<br />
In the modern era, [[Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta]] in [[Saudi Arabia]] used the practice of Zubayr as one of their source of fatawa, such as an act of government to [[Espionage|spying]] any endangering act from [[enemy of the state]], such as criminal behavior, alleged terrorism, and other illegal conduct.<ref name="Saudi scholars about espionage" /> The committee based this ruling of espionage from the act of Zubayr of spying on [[Banu Qurayza]] for their alleged betrayal during the Battle of the Trench on the instruction of Muhammad.<ref name="Saudi scholars about espionage">{{harvtxt|Burhanuddin|2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Egypt, Zubayr's jurisprudence has had widespread influence, as [[Grand Mufti]] of Egypt, [[Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy]] recorded that due to Zubayr and 'Amr ibn al-As's long stay in Egypt, Muslims in Egypt and [[Faqīh]] scholars of the country base much of their [[fatwa]] and rulings on Zubayr's verdicts during his tenure in Africa.<ref>{{harvtxt|Tantawi|2008|p=112}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Rules of war ===<br />
Zubayr's conduct has been influential on Islamic interpretation of the rules of war, such as the use of military deception,{{sfn|Ibn Idris|2020 |p=57}} the division of spoils of war at the [[Battle of the Yarmuk]],<ref name="Futh Sham horse cavalry spoils">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Umar al-Waqidi |first1=Muhammad |title=Futuh al-Sham (Revised Version) chapter:ذكر وقعة اليرموك |url=http://www.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%20%28%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%A9%29/i833%26n21%26p1 |website=al-eman.com |publisher=al-eman |access-date=7 December 2021 |pages=21–49 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207152343/http://www.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%20%28%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AD%D8%A9%29/i833%26n21%26p1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the treatment of prisoners of war.<ref name="Kitab al Umm Shafiie">{{cite book |last1=Ibn Idris |first1=Muhammad|translator=Fuad Syaifuddin Nur |author1-link=Al-Shafi'i |editor1-last=Iqbal Santosa |editor1-first=Muhammad |title=Al-Umm #9: Kitab Induk Fiqih Islam |date=2020 |publisher=Republika Penerbit |location=Jagakarsa, Jakarta, Indonesia |isbn=9786232790087 |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aq3mDwAAQBAJ |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=id}}</ref><ref name="Fatwa Taimiyyah">{{cite book |last1=Abi Al-Abbas Ahmed Al-Harrani / Ibn Taymiyyah |first1=Taqi Al-Din |author-link1=Ibn Taymiyyah |editor1-last=Abdel Qader Atta |editor1-first=Muhammad |editor2-last=Abdel Qader Atta |editor2-first=Mustafa |title=الفتاوى الكبرى - فتاوى شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية 1-6 ج3|trans-title=The Great Fatwas - Fatwas of Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah 1-6 Part 3 |date=2010 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |page=521 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8dwDwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Refining the history of al-Tabari">{{cite book |last1=Mahmud Ibrahim Bakhit |first1=Rajab |title=تهذيب تاريخ الطبرى |trans-title=Refining the history of al-Tabari |publisher=ktab INC. |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3CSDwAAQBAJ |access-date=29 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Entrepreneurship ===<br />
{{Further|topic=Islamic fundraising|Islamic banking and finance|Takaful}}<br />
[[File:Bankaŭtomato – Faisal Islamic Bank (Khartoum) 001.jpg|thumb|The Faisal Islamic Bank in [[Khartoum]], Sudan.]]<br />
<br />
Zubayr was known to be very wealthy as a result of his business career.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|80}} His practice of offering loans with no interest became widespread in the Islamic world.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hasan |first1=Zulkifli |date=2008 |title=Islamic Banking, Takaful and Al Rahnu LCA4562 DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN |url=http://financedocbox.com/Insurance/65839955-Islamic-banking-takaful-and-al-rahnu-lca4562-dr-zulkifli-hasan.html |journal=Islamic Science University of Malaysia |type=Dr. |language=en |publisher=Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Manumission of slaves ===<br />
{{Further|Mawla}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr owned at least a thousand slaves and reportedly freed one each day. Some of his ex-slaves became prominent in their own right, including [[Yarba ibn Rabban Mawla az-Zubayr]], who became a scholar of hadith.<ref name="Ibn Rabban Mawla azZubayr">{{cite book |last1=ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī |first1=Muḥammad |author-link1=Ibn Sa'd |title=الطبقات الكبرى - 5|date=1979 |trans-title=Major classes volume 5 |page=412 |publisher=IslamKotob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbFJCwAAQBAJ |access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref> Another slave who gained prominence was [[Abu Yahya Mawla az-Zubayr]].<ref name="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 6">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Hanbal |first1=Ahmad |title=Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal vol 6 |url=http://islamport.com/d/1/mtn/1/89/3412.html |website=islamport.com |publisher=مؤسسة قرطبة - القاهرة |access-date=7 December 2021 |language=ar |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207183944/http://islamport.com/d/1/mtn/1/89/3412.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daniel Pipes argued that the practice of early Muslims such as Zubayr and Uthman ibn Affan of owning massive number of slaves and casual manumissions was the first indication of [[Mamluk]], an Islamic military slave system.<ref name="Slave Soldiers and Islam The Genesis of a Military System2">{{harvnb|Pipes |first1=Danie|1981|pp=117–121}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Descendants ===<br />
{{main|Zubayrids}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr's status as an early Muslim hero and model of religious piety prompted many ethnic communities across the world to claim themselves as his descendants. particularly in [[Hejaz]] and Egypt. The Zubairi community which dwells in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] also claims Zubayr as their ancestor, as descendant clans of Zubayr allegedly migrated from their homeland to the Indian subcontinent during the [[Umayyad campaigns in India]] in the 7th century AD.{{sfn|Umar|1998|p=24}}{{sfn|KHWANI|2005}}<ref name="Zuberi clan2">{{cite web|last1=Zuberi|first1=Najmul Hasan|title=Zuberis|url=http://zuberiassociation.pk/index.php/zuberis/|access-date=10 November 2021|website=Zuberis|publisher=Zuberi association|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120350/http://zuberiassociation.pk/index.php/zuberis/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The descendants of Zubayr, known as [[Zubayrids]], were influential in [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]].<br />
<br />
== Personal characteristics ==<br />
Zubayr is described as of medium height, lean, dark-complexioned, and hairy, though with a thin beard. His hair hung down to his shoulders, and he did not dye it after it turned white.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|80}} One report described him as having had blue eyes.<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, al-Maʿārif, p. 585</ref> Other reports consider him burly and tall.<ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> Much of his body was covered with battle scars from his many military engagements.{{sfn|al-Asfahani|2016|p=226}} He was said to possess extraordinary physical strength,{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2009}} as he was reported of being able to split an adult man body perfectly into two with a single blow of his sword.{{sfn|adh-Dhahabī|2008}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr owned many horses,{{sfn|Lewis|1996|p=59}} and established a high quality pedigree which was bred by his descendants for generations.<ref name="Horse genealogy">{{harvtxt|Ibn al-Kalbi|2003|p=35}}</ref> He possessed a large number of properties,<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|77}} many slaves,<ref name="Slave Soldiers and Islam">{{cite book |last1=Pipes |first1=Daniel |title=Slave Soldiers and Islam The Genesis of a Military System; al Maqrizi; Mawaiz |date=1981 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-02447-0 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByLG-2hZX-MC |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> and vast wealth, though he was said to be generous.<br />
<br />
=== Family ===<br />
{{chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|Lineage of Zubayr ibn Awwam{{#tag:ref|Genealogists and historians disagree over who is the ancestor named Quraish, whether it is [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusay ibn Kilab]]<ref name="Quraysh version 1">{{cite encyclopedia|article=Kuraysh|last=Watt|first=W. Montgomery|author-link=W. Montgomery Watt|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |volume=V: ''Khe–Mahi'' |edition=New |publisher=Brill|location=Leiden and New York|year=1986|isbn=90-04-07819-3|pages=434–435}}</ref> or [[Fihr ibn Malik]],<ref name="Quraysh version 2">{{cite book |last1=Hammer |first1=Leonard |last2=J. Breger |first2=Marshall |last3=Reiter |first3=Yitzhak |title=Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine Religion and Politics |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-136-49033-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=okOtiV8OaAkC&dq=qusay+ibn+kilab+quraysh&pg=PT229 |access-date=26 November 2021 |language=en|format=Ebook}}</ref>|group="Notes"}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Tree chart/start|align=center|summary=An example family tree}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |FbM | | | |FbM='''[[Fihr ibn Malik]] / [[Quraysh]]<ref name="Quraysh version 1" />'''<br />Common ancestor of [[Quraysh]] tribe confederation}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | || ! | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |GbF | | | |GbF=[[Ghalib ibn Fihr]]}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | || ! | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |LbG | | | |LbG=Lu'ay ibn Ghalib}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | || ! | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | | || || KbL || | | |KbL=Ka'b ibn Lu'ay}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | || ! | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |MiK | | | |MiK=[[Murrah ibn Ka'b]]}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | || ! | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |GrMa |~ | y | ~ | GRP | |GrMa=[[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]]|GRP=[[Fatimah bint Sa'd]]}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | | | | | | ! | | | | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |, |- |- | QiK |~ | y| ~ |HbH | |QiK=[[Qusai ibn Kilab]]<br /> common ancestor of banu Asad & banu Hashim|HbH=[[Hubba bint Hulail]]<br /> great-great-great-grandmother}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |! | | | | | | | ! | | |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | AuiQ | | | | |AmiQ |~ |y|~|AbM||AuiQ=[[Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusai]]<br /> paternal great-great grandfather|AmiQ=`[[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]]<br /> maternal great-great-grandfather|AbM=[[Atikah bint Murrah]]<br /> maternal great-great-grandmother}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |! | | | | | | | | ||! ||}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | AiAu | | | | | | | |HiaM|~|y|~|SbA |HiaM=[[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]]<br /> maternal great grandfather ([[Banu Hashim]] progenitor)|SbA=[[Salma bint Amr|Salma bint `Amr]]<br /> maternal gread grandmother|AiAu=[[Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza]]<br /> paternal great grandfather ({{ill|Banu Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza|id|Bani Asad}} clan progenitor)}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |! | || | | | | | || |||!|| |}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | KbA | || | | HbW |~|y|~|AM|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|FbA||HbW=[[Halah bint Wuhayb]]<br /> maternal grandmother|KbA=[[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]]<br /> paternal grandfather|AM=`[[Abd al-Muttalib|Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim]]<br /> maternal grandfather|FbA=Fatimah bint `Amr<br /> maternal step grandmother}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||| | | || | | |! | || | | | | | ||!| ||||||||||||||!||}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| -|^| -| -|- |-|-|. ||| |`| -|-|-|-|-|-|-|- |- | -|.||||!||}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||||||||||| | | ||!| | | | | | ||||| | |||!||||)|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||||UkUb|~|~|~|y|~|~|~ | AbK|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y| ~|~|~|~|SbAm| |AbAm| | || |AtAm||UkUb=Umm Al-Khair Umaima bint Malik<br /> step mother |AbK=[[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]]<br /> father|SbAm=[[Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib]]<br /> mother||AtAm=[[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]<br /> maternal uncle|AbAm=`[[Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]<br /> maternal uncle}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||||||||||!||| | | | |||||||| ! | | |||| | |||!|||||||!|||||}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|.||||,|-|-|-|v|-| -| -| +|-|- |-|v|-|-|-|.||!|||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||!|||| | !| | || |!| | ||! | |||!|| | | ! ||||!| |||!||!|||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!||AbA|||ARbA|||ZbTA||HbA| |UHbA|| ZUBAYR|| ASbA ||AKbA|!|| |||||!||||AbA=[[Abd Allah ibn Al-Awwam]]<br /> step brother|ARbA=[[Abd al-Rahman ibn Al-Awwam]]<br /> step brother|HbA=Hind bint al-Awwam<br /> sister|ZbTA=Zainab bint Al-Awwam<br /> step sister|UHbA=Umm Habib bint Al-Awwam<br /> sister|ZUBAYR='''ZUBAYR IBN AL-AWWAM'''|ASbA=Al-Sa'ib ibn Al-Awwam<br /> brother|AKbA=Abd al-Kaaba al-Awwam<br /> brother}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!||||||||||||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||| | | | |! |||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||||||||||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||| | | ||!|||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||!|||||||||||||| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||| | | |! |||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart||Kbk|~|~|~|~|~ |~ |~ |~ |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~| ~| ~| ~ | ~|~ |y |~ |~|~ | ~ |~|~|~|~|~|~|PbuH| |||||!||||Kbk=[[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]<br /> paternal aunt|PbuH='''[[Muhammad|MUHAMMAD]]'''<br /> maternal cousin|boxstyle_PbuH=color:red; background-color: pink;}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||||| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||! || | ||||||||||||||||!|| }}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||||| | | | | | | | | | | ||| || || |!| || ||||||||||||||||!|}}<br />
{{Tree chart|||||||| || | | | | | ||| ||||| ||FtB|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~| AbAT| ||| FtB=[[Fatimah]] bint Muhammad<br /> paternal niece (paternal side)/cousin once removed (maternal side)|AbAT=[[Ali]] bin Abi Thalib<br /> maternal cousin }}<br />
{{Tree chart/end}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align: left;"|<br />
{|style="border-spacing: 2px; border: 1px solid darkgray;"<br />
|-<br />
|+ '''Legend'''<br />
|-<br />
| {{tree chart/start}}{{tree chart|!}}{{tree chart/end}}<br />
| descent<br />
|-<br />
| {{tree chart/start}}{{tree chart|Q}}{{tree chart/end}}<br />
| adoption<br />
|-<br />
| {{tree chart/start}}{{tree chart|~}}{{tree chart/end}}<br />
| marriage<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|1=&nbsp;<small>1, 2</small>&nbsp;}}<br />
| spouse order<br />
|}<br />
{{chart bottom}}<br />
<br />
Zubayr married eight times and had twenty children.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|75}}<br />
<br />
#[[Asma bint Abi Bakr]]. They were married before the ''Hijra'' of 622 and divorced when Urwa was young, around 645.<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|179}}<br />
##[[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr|Abd Allah]]<br />
##[[Al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr|Al-Mundhir]]<br />
##Asim<br />
##Al-Muhajir<br />
##Khadija the Elder<br />
##Umm Al-Hasan<br />
##Aisha<br />
##[[Urwah ibn Zubayr|Urwa]]<br />
#[[Umm Kulthum bint Uqba]] of the Umayya clan. They were married in 629, but she disliked him, and they were divorced in a matter of months. After their daughter was born, Umm Kulthum married [[Abdur Rahman bin Awf]].<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|163}}<br />
##Zaynab<br />
#Al-Halal bint Qays of the Asad tribe.<br />
##Khadija the Younger<br />
#Umm Khalid Ama bint Khalid of the Umayya clan. She was one of the emigrants who returned from Abyssinia in 628.<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|164}}<br />
##[[Khalid ibn al-Zubayr|Khalid]]<br />
##[[Amr ibn al-Zubayr|Amr]]<br />
##Habiba<br />
##Sawda<br />
##Hind<br />
#Ar-Rabbab bint Unayf of the Kalb tribe.<br />
##[[Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr|Mus'ab]]<br />
##[[Hamza ibn al-Zubayr|Hamza]]<br />
##Ramla<br />
#[[Atiqa bint Zayd]] of the [[Banu Adi|Adi]] clan, a widow of Umar.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|85}}<br />
#Tumadir bint Al-Asbagh of the Kalb tribe, a widow of Abdur Rahman ibn Awf. Al-Zubayr divorced her only seven days after the wedding. She used to tell other women, "When one of you marries, she should not be deceived by seven days after what Al-Zubayr has done to me."<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|208–209}} She did not, however, enlarge on the nature of the "deception".<br />
#Umm Ja'far Zaynab bint Marthad of the Thaalaba tribe.<br />
##Ubayda<br />
##[[Ja'far ibn al-Zubayr|Ja'far]]<br />
<br />
There were reports from Zubayr's wives that he had "some harshness towards women".<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|163}}<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|163}} Atiqa only agreed to marry him on the condition that he would never beat her.<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Al-Isaba'' vol. 4 p. 687, cited in Abbott, N. (1942, 1985). ''Aishah – the Beloved of Mohammed'', p. 88. London: Al-Saqi Books.</ref> However, contemporary writer [[Abdo Khal]] questioned the validity of this narration as he viewed the stories as based on unverified laymen interpretations in modern [[social media]].<ref name="Saudi Gazette Abdo Khal">{{harvnb|Khal |2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Zubayr gave his male children the names of the [[Companions of the Prophet|Sahaba]] who died as [[Shahid]] (martyrs): <br />
* [[Abd-Allah ibn Jahsh]] who died in the Battle of Uhud for [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]]<br />
* [[Urwah ibn Masʽud|Urwah ibn Mas'ud]], who was killed by people of [[Taif|Tha'if]], for [[Urwah ibn Zubayr]]<br />
* [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] for [[Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr]]<br />
* [[Khalid ibn Sa'id]], who died in [[Battle of Marj al-Saffar (634)|Battle of Marj as-Saffar]] for Khalid ibn al-Zubayr<br />
* Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-Aas, who was killed during Battle of Yarmouk, for [[Amr ibn al-Zubayr]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tarikh al Islam, 'Ahd al Khulafa' al Rashidin, p. 505; al Tabaqat, 3/101 |url=https://mahajjah.com/the-life-and-martyrdom-of-zubayr-ibn-al-awwam/#_ftn42 |website=Mahajjah Institute |access-date=8 November 2021 |ref=Tarikh al Islam, ‘Ahd al Khulafa’ al Rashidin, p. 505; al Tabaqat, 3/101}}</ref><ref name="Misri; Sirah Sahabah: Zubair bin Awwam" /> <br />
* Muhajir ibn Ziyad, who was killed during the [[Siege of Shushtar]] Muhajir ibn az-Zubayr.<br />
* Mundhir ibn Amr, who was killed during [[Massacre of Bi'r Ma'una|the tragedy of Bir Ma'una]] for Munhdir ibn az-Zubayr.<ref name="Wajdi Nu'man">{{cite web |last1=Nu'man |first1=Wajdi |title=The great companion, Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam, one of the ten missionaries of Paradise exceprts from Wajdi Nu'man book |url=https://elkanananews.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84/ |website=elkanananews |access-date=19 December 2021 |language=ar |date=2021 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219071152/https://elkanananews.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
The two most notable of his sons were Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, who claimed the caliphate during the reign of [[Yazid I|Yazid ibn Muawiyah]],{{sfn|Gibb |1960|p=55}} along with Zubayr's youngest son from Asma', Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, member of the most influential group of jurists known collectively as [[The Seven Fuqaha of Medina]], prominent hadith scholar, and the first writer of [[Prophetic biography|''Seerah'']] or ''Maghazi''.{{sfn|Khan|Khan|Dad|Rehman|2012}}<br />
<br />
One of Zubayr's daughters, Ramlah bint al-Zubayr, married the Umayyad prince [[Khalid ibn Yazid]],<ref name="Ibn Asakir; Tarikh Dimashq">{{harvnb|Ibn Ashakir|1995}}</ref> despite the fact that Khalid was also the one who had killed Ramlah's brother [[Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr]] in the [[Battle of Maskin]] in 691.<ref>{{harvnb|Ahmed|2010|p=118}}.</ref> [[Ibn Asakir]] recorded that Ramlah was famous for her extraordinary beauty.<ref name="Ibn Asakir; Tarikh Dimashq" /> Ramlah's beauty inspired Khalid to extoll her in his poems. However, this caused some trouble for Khalid, as various factions who disliked the Umayyad regime, such as the [[Shu'ubiyya]] movement, the [[Shia]], and the [[Kharijites]], spread exaggerated rumors regarding Khalid's poems for Ramlah. When these rumors reached the ears of the caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], he in turn berated and scolded Khalid's conduct, which the caliph regarded as vanity.<ref name="Khalid poetry Ramlah bint Zubayr; Umar Ridha Kahlah">{{harvnb|Kahlah|2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]<br />
*[[Sunni view of the Sahaba]]<br />
*[[The ten to whom Paradise was promised]]<br />
*[[List of Sahabah]]<br />
*[[First Fitna]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
{{Reflist|30em|group="Notes"}}<br />
<br />
=== Primary sources ===<br />
* Recorded traditional oral narration of historical events during the early time of Islam of [[Urwah ibn Zubayr]], an historian during Rashidun era.<br />
* Earliest records of ''Maghazi'' (historical records regarding Islamic conquests) of Muhammad by [[Tabi'un|Tabi'in]] historian [[Aban ibn Uthman]]<br />
* Recorded narrations of Maghazi [[Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri#Influence on hadith and maghazi-sirah literature|classifications]] by [[Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri]]<br />
* ''[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]'', which contains many scarces of historical account regarding military activity during the time of Muhammad and four righteous guided caliphate<br />
* ''[[Sahih Bukhari]] Chapter 57: Book of Jihad'', regarding ethics and basics of warfare according to Islamic tradition<br />
* ''[[Sahih Muslim]] Chapter 19: Kitab Al-Jihad Wa'l-Siyar (The Book of Jihad And Expedition)'', regarding ethics and conduct during wartime<br />
* ''[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]'', a collection of hadith compiled by the [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]](d. 241 AH/855 AD) to whom the [[Hanbali]] [[fiqh]](legislation) is attributed<br />
* ''[[Jami' al-Tirmidhi|Jami at-Tirmidhi]]'', also known as ''Sunan at-Tirmidhi'', is one of "[[the six books]]" (''[[Kutub al-Sittah]]'' – the six major [[hadith]] collections); authored by [[Al-Tirmidhi]]<br />
* ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood]]'', one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections), collected by [[Abu Dawud al-Sijistani]]<br />
* ''[[Masabih al-Sunnah]]'' contained narrations of the peoples who lived during the Rashidun conquests, including those directly involved in the conquest. Authored by [[Al-Baghawi]]<br />
* ''[[Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)|Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah]] (The Life of the Prophet)'', an edited recension by [[Ibn Ishaq|Ibn Isḥāq]]<br />
* ''[[Tarikh al-Islam al-kabir]]'', [https://archive.org/details/FP3938 'Great History of Islam' (50 vols., in Arabic)]; [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]] received it from [[Al-Dhahabi|adh-Dhahabi]]<br />
* ''[[Siyar a`lam al-nubala]]'', biographical manuscript of Companions of Muhammad, authored by adh-Dhahabi<br />
* ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings]]'', more commonly known as ''Tarikh al-Tabari'' ({{lang|ar|تاريخ الطبري}}) or ''Tarikh-i Tabari'' or ''The History of al-Tabari'' ({{langx|fa|تاریخ طبری}})<br />
* Historical excerpts from [[Abu Bakr al-Zubaydi]], scholar and historian from the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]]<br />
* ''History of Damascus'' (Arabic: Tarikh Dimashq) is one of the most important books about the Islamic history of Syria, covering the life of important figures who resided in or visited Damascus. Authored by [[Ibn Asakir|Ibn Ashakir]]<br />
* ''[[Futuh al-Buldan]], The Conquest of (the) countries'', a work regarding early Islamic conquest 9th century historian [[Al-Baladhuri|Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] of Abbasid-era Baghdad<br />
* ''Futūḥ mișr wa akhbārahā'', Conquest of Egypt and some account of it, i.e. of the country) authored by [[Ibn Abd al-Hakam]]<br />
* ''[[al-Waqidi|Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi]]'' ([[Arabic]]: كتاب التاريخ والمغازي, "Book of History and Campaigns") by al-Waqidi.<br />
* ''Sahdba ma'a yl-Batlus'' (The book of the conquest of al-Bahnasa and what befell the Companions of Muhammad with the Patrician Batlus).<br />
* ''Al-Mawāʻiẓ wa-al-Iʻtibār bi-Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ wa-al-āthār''; a historical excerpt authored by al-Maqrizi.<br />
* Genealogical [[Kawahla people|Kawahla]] [[Nisba (onomastics)|Nisba]] manuscript by Sheykh Abdullah Gadula Balilu al-Kawahla.<br />
* Zubayrids governor coin inscription found by modern archaeologs in [[Bishapur]].<br />
* Tradition account from Shaykh Fati al-Basri regarding Zubayr ibn al-Awwam descendants.<br />
<br />
=== Secondary sources ===<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
<!-- Order sources alphabetically by the first author's surname --><br />
<!-- A --><br />
* {{cite web |last1=Abasoomar |first1=Moulana Muhammad |last2=Abasoomar |first2=Moulana Haroon |title=Virtue of Sayyiduna Zubayr (radiyallahu 'anhu) |url=https://hadithanswers.com/virtue-of-sayyiduna-zubayr-radiyallahu-anhu/ |date=2016 |website=Hadith Answers |publisher=Darul Hadith |access-date=9 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Abd al-Hamid Ali |first=Abd al-Rahim Muhammad |title=Amr ibn al-Aas, the leader and politician |script-title=ar:عمرو بن العاص القائد والسياسي |date=1998 |publisher=Zahran Publishing House |location=Jordan |page=121 |url=https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A/ |access-date=15 November 2021 |language=ar}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Bin Al-Hassan |first1=Abi Al-Qasim Ali |last2=Al-Dimashqi |first2=Ibn Asaker|author-link2=Ibn Asakir |title=تاريخ مدينة دمشق 1-37 ج10 |trans-title=History of the city of Damascus |date=2012 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Abd al-Wahhab |first1=Muhammad ibn |author-link1=Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab |title=Syarah Adab Berjalan Menuju Shalat |trans-title=Manners of Walking to the Prayer |date=2019 |publisher=Darul Falah |isbn=9789793036892 |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4uW3DwAAQBAJ |access-date=22 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Abdel-Qadr |first1=Mustafa |last2=Wendrich |first2=Willeke |last3=Kosc |first3=Zbigniew |last4=Barnard |first4=Hans |title=The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert |date=2012 |publisher=The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press |location=Los Angeles |isbn=978-1-931745-96-3 |pages=399–418}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Abu Bakr |first1=Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir |title=الأوسط في السنن والإجماع والقياس - ج 5 |trans-title=mesial in Traditions, consensus, and analogy/al'awsat fi al sunan wa al Ijma wa al qias |date=1985 |publisher=IslamKotob |edition=1 |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1484 |access-date=12 November 2021 }}<<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Abu al Fadl |first1=Muhammad |language=ar |title=تاريخ الطبري تاريخ الرسل والملوك، ويليه: الصلة – التكملة – المنتخب (ط. المعارف) |trans-title=History of Tabari |date=1967 |publisher=Dar al Ma'ruf |edition=Muhammad Abu al Fadl |url=https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%8C-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84/ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=Akram |first1=A. I. |author-link1=Agha Ibrahim Akram |title=Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, Sword of Allah: A Biographical Study of One of the Greatest Military Generals in History |date=2007 |publisher=Maktabah classic |isbn=978-0-9548665-2-5 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ji5rQEACAAJ |access-date=9 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=El-Ali |first1=Saleh A. |title=Muslim Estates in Hidjaz in the First Century A. H. |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |date=1959 |volume=2 |issue=3 |page=254 |doi=10.2307/3596188 |jstor=3596188 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3596188 |access-date=11 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Alsiraih |first1=Wasan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350022173 |journal=Journal of the College of Arts. University of Basrah |date=2021 |volume=96 |issue=2 |title=Speech Variation in the Dialect of Basra |access-date=15 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite web |last1=al-Asfahani |first1=Muhammad |title=Biography of the Righteous Ancestors |url=http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-21493/page-216 |date=2016 |website=Shamela |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916124923/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-21493/page-216 |access-date=14 November 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2016 }}<br />
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* {{cite web |last1=Asqalani |first1=Ibn Hajar |author-link=Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani |title='''Al-Iṣābah fī Tamyīz al-Ṣahābah''' (الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة; ''The morning in the company of the companions'') |date=1400 |url=https://shamela.ws/book/9767/2032 |website=Shamela |access-date=13 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Asqalani |first1=Ibn Hajar |title=كتب أسلامية Volume 16, Issues 178-189 |date=1976 |publisher=وزارة الاوقاف, المجلس الاعلى للشؤن الاسلامية. Ministry of Waqaf, Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs; al-Majlis-al-A'la-li-al-Shu'un-al-Islamiyya |location=United Arab Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLEDAAAAMAAJ |access-date=13 November 2021 |ref=Kitab al Fath al-Bari; Ibn Hajar al Asqalani }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Asqalani |first1=Ibn Hajar |last2=Yusuf |translator=Mansyur Alkatiri, Khaeruddin Rendustera |first2=Ahmad |title=Terjemah Lengkap Bulughul Maram |language=id |date=2007 |publisher=Akbar Media |isbn=9789799533739 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCzWDAAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=Azami |first1=Muhammad Mustafa |title=65 Sekretaris Nabi (Sixty five Prophet's secretary) Original: Kuttabun Nabi Shalallahu 'Alaihi Wa sallam |date=2008 |publisher=Gema Insani |isbn=978-9790770805 |edition=Indonesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gA_ZR5bGI0C |access-date=11 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Badawi |first1=Badawi M |title=Challenges and Prospects of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism and Handicrafts in Red Sea |journal=International Journal of Eco-Cultural Tourism, Hospitality Planning and Development |date=2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=24–48 |doi=10.21608/ijecth.2021.187028 |s2cid=238799113 |url=https://ijecth.journals.ekb.eg/article_187028.html |access-date=11 November 2021 |doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Baghdadi |first1=Ali ibn Muhammad |title=تفسير الخازن (لباب التأويل في معاني التنزيل) 1-4 ج2 |trans-title=Tafsir al-Khazin |date=2014 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |page=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cIZ0DwAAQBAJ |access-date=21 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Baillie |first1=Neil |last2=Elder |first2=Smith |title=A digest of the Moohummudan law |date=1875 |location=London |pages=1–3 with footnotes |url=https://archive.org/stream/digestmoohummud00bailgoog#page/n57/mode/2up |publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co. |access-date=22 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Baladhuri |first1=Ahmad bin Yahya bin Jabir |author-link1=Al-Baladhuri |title=كتاب أنساب الأشراف |trans-title=book of Lineage of the Nobles |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/9773/3747 |website=Maktaba |date=1996 |publisher=Dar al Fikri |access-date=13 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Bin Al-Hassan |first1=Abi Al-Qasim Ali |last2=Al-Dimashqi |first2=Ibn Asaker|author-link2=Ibn Asakir |title=تاريخ مدينة دمشق 1-37 ج10 |trans-title=History of the city of Damascus |date=2012 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=bin Musa |first1=Marwan Hadidi |date=2006 |title=Surat An-Nisa Ayat 65 |url=https://tafsirweb.com/1597-surat-an-nisa-ayat-65.html |website=tafsirweb |publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Indonesian religion ministry]], [[Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia)]]; Markaz Tafsir Riyadh |access-date=7 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Al-Zubayr |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=2004 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Al-Zubayr |access-date=23 March 2026}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Blumell |first1=Lincoln H. |title=Epilogue. The Demise of Christian Oxyrhynchus |date=2012 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004180987 |url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004180987/B9789004180987_008.xml |access-date=15 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Bukhari |first1=Muhammad ibn Ismail |author-link1=Al-Bukhari |title=The Correct Traditions of Al'Bukhari 1-4 vol. 3 |date=2007 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |edition=Muhammad Mahdi Al-Sarif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcNtDwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Burhanuddin |first1=Anas |language=id |title=Bolehkah Memata-Matai Suami? |trans-title=Is it allowed to spying on husband? |url=https://almanhaj.or.id/4516-bolehkah-mematamatai-suami.html#_ftn3 |website=Almanhaj |publisher=Lajnah Istiqomah Surakarta |access-date=22 November 2021 |location=Indonesia; Java Island; Purwodadi |date=2013 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al Bushi |first1=Abdullah bin Mubarak |title=Ensiklopedi Ijma' Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah |date=2019 |publisher=Darul Falah |isbn=9786029208078 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTq2DwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite journal|title=The Islamic Legal System in Indonesia|last1=Cammack|first1=Mark E.|last2=Feener|first2=R. Michael|date=2012|journal=Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal|volume=21|issue=1|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1091/21PRPLJ013.pdf}}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Cole |first1=Juan |author-link1=Juan Cole |title=Hijazi Rock Inscriptions, Love of the Prophet, and Very Early Islam: Essays from Informed Comment |journal=University of Michigan Library Department of History |date=2020 |hdl=2027.42/156109 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/156109 |access-date=8 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=On the Origins of Wahhābism |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series |date=1992 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=191–202 |doi=10.1017/S1356186300002376 |jstor=25182507 |s2cid=162605180 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25182507 |access-date=10 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Crow|first=Karim Douglas|title=Facing one Qiblah: legal and doctrinal aspects of Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkwGdStuXHUC&pg=PA194|page=194|isbn=9789971775520}}<br />
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* {{cite web |last1=adh-Dhahabī |first1=Shams ad-Dīn |author-link1=Al-Dhahabi |title=Siyar A'lam Nubala |url=https://ar.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1&action=history |date=2008 |website=Wikipedia |access-date=7 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=al-Dukhaylī |first1=Ḥusayn ʻAlī ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn |title=البنية الفنية لشعر الفتوحات الإسلامية في عصر صدر الإسلام |trans-title=al-Bunyah al-fannīyah li-shiʻr al-futūḥāt al-Islāmīyah fī ʻaṣr ṣadr al-Islām/The artistic structure of the poetry of Islamic conquests in the era of early Islam |date=2011 |publisher=Dār al-Ḥāmid lil-Nashr wa-al-tawzīʻ |location=Amman |isbn=9796500008936 |page=157 |oclc=1184004713 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Dumper |first1=Michael |last2=Stanley |first2=Bruce E. |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2007 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5 |page=398 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |access-date=9 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite thesis |last1=El-Attar |first1=Jamal F. |title=The Political Thought of Al-Jahiz With Special Reference to the Question of Khilafa (Imamate): A Chronological Approach |date=1996 |volume=2 |hdl=1842/7390 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7390 |access-date=28 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=Farid |first1=Ahmad |title=60 Biografi Ulama Salaf |date=2006 |publisher=Pustaka al Kautsar |isbn=9789795923695 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-vbDwAAQBAJ |access-date=17 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Fazier |first1=Rizwi |title=The Life of Muhammad Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136921148 |page=349 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZknAAAAQBAJ |access-date=6 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Faizer |first1=Rizwi |title=The Life of Muhammad Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136921148 |page=349 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZknAAAAQBAJ |access-date=6 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{EI2 |article=ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |author-link=H. A. R. Gibb |volume=1 |pages=54–55}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Griffel|first1=Frank|title=Apostasie und Toleranz im Islam: die Entwicklung zu al-Ġazālīs Urteil gegen die Philosophie und die Reaktionen der Philosophen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J52MMfLa6DkC&pg=PA61|year=2000|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-11566-8|pages=61|language=de}}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=H. Blumell |first1=Lincoln |title=Lettered Christians |type=Biblical Studies |chapter=Epilogue. The Demise of Christian Oxyrhynchus |date=2012 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004180987 |pages=295–300 |doi=10.1163/9789004180987_008 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004180987_008 |access-date=17 January 2022 |language=en |quote=Futuh al-Bahnasa al Gharra, 'the conquest of Bahnasa, the blessed', by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mu'izz }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Hailu |first1=Suadiq Mehammed |last2=Yatoo |first2=Nissar Ahmad |title=Islamic Finance in Ethiopia: Current Status, Prospects and Challenges |journal=International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research |date=2021 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |url=https://www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/ijibfr/article/view/1317 |doi=10.46281/ijibfr.v6i1.1317 |s2cid=240627919 |access-date=6 November 2021 |doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{cite news |last1=al-Hajj |first1=Daf 'a Allah Ahmad |title=إمارة العبابدة.. عودة للتاريخ |trans-title=The Emirate of Ababda..a return to history |url=https://www.sudaress.com/alahram/17357 |access-date=13 November 2021 |agency=Sudan Press |publisher=Al-Ahram |date=2011 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Harahap |first1=Cempaka Sari |title=Hukuman Bagi Pelaku Zina (Perbandingan Qanun No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat dan Enakmen Jenayah Syariah Negeri Selangor No. 9 Tahun 1995 Seksyen 25) |trans-title=Punishment for Adultery Perpetrators (Comparative Qanun No. 6 of 2014 concerning the Law of Jinayat and the Crime of Sharia Crimes in Selangor State No. 9 of 1995 Section 25) |journal=Hukum Fiqih(Fiqh Law) |date=2018 |volume=4 |issue=2 |url=https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/5593/ |access-date=22 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Al-Harbi |first1=Ahmad |title=Development of the Islamic Banking System |journal=Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance |date=2015 |volume=3 |issue=1 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338898444 |access-date=10 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=Al Farooq, Umar |year=1944 }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Hendrickx |first1=Benjamin |title=The Border Troops of the Roman-Byzantine Southern Egyptian ''Limes'': Problems and Remarks on the Role of the African and 'Black' African Military Units |volume=94 |journal=Ekklesiastikos Pharos |date=2012 |hdl=10520/EJC128657 |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC128657 |access-date=13 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Abd al Hakam |first1=Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah |author-link1=Ibn Abd al-Hakam |last2=al-Hujairi |first2=Muhammad |title=tahmil kitab futuh misr wa'akhbaruha |trans-title=تحميل كتاب فتوح مصر وأخبارها |date=1996 |publisher=Dar al-Fikr |location=Beirut |edition=first |url=https://foulabook-com.translate.goog/ar/book/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-pdf?_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc |access-date=14 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Abd al-Hakam |first1=Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah |author-link1=Ibn Abd al-Hakam |language=ar |title=فتوح مصر وأخبارها وفتح إفريقية والمغرب والأندلس |date=2014 |publisher=Dar al Kotob Ilmiyah |isbn=9782745177575 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nylHDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Ashakir |first1=Abi Al-Qasim Ali bin Al-Hassan bin Heba Allah bin Abdullah Al-Shafi’i |author-link1=Ibn Asakir |title=History of the city of Damascus |date=1995 |publisher=IslamKotob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7a0pTvTjK4IC |access-date=14 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=ibn al-Athir |first1=Ali |author-link1=Ali ibn al-Athir |title=Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah (Arabic: أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة&lrm;, lit. 'The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions') |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=8802 |date=2012 |website=Waqfeya |access-date=13 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{Citation | last1 =Ibn Bakkār | first1 =Al-Zubayr | editor-last =al-ʻĀnī | editor-first =Sāmī Makkī | edition =2nd | title =Al-Akhbār al-muwaffaqīyāt | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=m41oAQAACAAJ | publisher =Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub | date =2005 | pages =14–18 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Abdul Aziz Asy-Syalhub |first1=Fuad |title=Ringkasan Kitab Adab |date=2019 |publisher=Darul Falah |isbn=9789793036847 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOa3DwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 November 2021 |language=id }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Hanbal |first1=Aḥmad |author-link1=ahmad ibn hanbal |title=Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal |date=2012 |publisher=[[Darussalam Publishers]] |location=Riyadh |page=Hadith 6 |url=https://sunnah.com/ahmad/7 |access-date=7 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Hisham |first1=Muhammad |last2=Basalamah |first2=Khalid Zeed Abdullah |title=Sirah Nabawiyah-Ibnu Hisyam |trans-title=History of the prophet, by Ibn Hisham with commentary book review from Khalid Basalamah |date=2019 |translator=Ikhlas Hikmatiar |publisher=Khalid Basalamah official |language=id |edition=Video Book Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBizDwAAQBAJ |access-date=18 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Jarir at-Tabari |first1=Muhammad |title=The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 10 The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11 |date=2015 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-0140-9 |edition=Fred Donner Translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MP_oI6wuyOcC |access-date=14 October 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn al-Kalbi |first1=Hisham |author-link1=Hisham ibn al-Kalbi |title=كتاب أنساب الخيل في الجاهلية والإسلام وأخبارها |trans-title=The Book of Horse Genealogy in the Pre-Islamic Age and its News |date=2003 |publisher=المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/9249/14 |access-date=17 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite wikisource |title=Al Bidayah wa Nihayah(The Beginning of The End): Part Seven, Chapter: The Battle of Yarmouk |wslink= https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85#cite_note-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%831-78|last=Ibn Kathir |first=Abu al-Fiḍā ‘Imād Ad-Din Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar |author-link=Ibn Kathir |date=2009}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Majah |first1=Abū ʻAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd |author-link1=Ibn Majah |title=Sunan Ibn Majah » The Chapters on Charity - كتاب الصدقات » Hadith 2393 |date=2007 |publisher=[[Darussalam Publishers]] |isbn=9782987457046 |url=https://darussalam.com/authentic-islamic-hadiths-full-collection-with-free-shipping-to-uk-and-usa/ |access-date=7 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Anas |first1=Malik |translator=Muphtah Aduli |title=Muwatta Imam Malik |date=2007 |publisher=Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah |isbn=9782745155719 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ui1uDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Sa'd |first1=Muhammad |title=Kitab At-Tabaqat Al-Kabir Volume III: The Companions of Badr |date=2013 |publisher=Ta-ha publisher |isbn=978-1-84200-133-2 |page=81 |url=https://www.tahapublishers.com/kitab-at-tabaqat-al-kabir-volume-iii%3A-the-companions-of-badr~262 |edition=Aisha Bewley translation |access-date=10 November 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606163044/https://www.tahapublishers.com/kitab-at-tabaqat-al-kabir-volume-iii:-the-companions-of-badr~262 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Abdullah Ali |title=Breaking the Pen of Harold Macmichael: The Ja'aliyyin Identity Revisited |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=1988 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=217–231 |doi=10.2307/219934 |jstor=219934 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/219934 |access-date=8 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibrahim Habib |first1=Jamil |title=Sīrat al-Zubayr ibn al-ʻAwwām wa-mawāqifuhu min maʻārik al-taḥrīr wa-al-futūḥāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Islāmīyah |date=1985 |publisher=al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaMzAAAAIAAJ&q=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%20%D8%A3%D9%8A%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%20%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9 |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=ar }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Mahmood |title=Merchant Capital and Islam |date=2011 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-74118-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiEXDQAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Islam |first1=Zafarul |title=Banking in the Abbasid Period a Special Study of the Tenth Century A. D. |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1984 |volume=45 |page=783 |jstor=44140275 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140275 |access-date=10 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Ismail |first1=Badawi M. |title=Challenges and Prospects of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism and Handicrafts in Red Sea |journal=International Journal of Eco-Cultural Tourism, Hospitality Planning and Development |date=2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=28 |doi=10.21608/ijecth.2021.187028 |s2cid=238799113 |url=https://journals.ekb.eg/article_187028_0.html |access-date=13 November 2021 |doi-access=free }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Al Jaffri |first1=Ram |last2=Sawandi |first2=Saad Norfaiezah |last3=Mohammad |first3=Rahayu |title=Zakat Surplus Funds Management |journal=International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues |date=2016 |volume=6 |issue=7 |page=172 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijefi/issue/32000/353053?publisher=http-www-cag-edu-tr-ilhan-ozturk |access-date=6 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al Jawziyya |first1=Ibn Qayyim |language=en |title=Zad Al-Ma'ad – Provisions Of The Afterlife Which Lie Within Prophetic Guidance زاد المعاد [انكليزي] ترجمة |date=2010 |publisher=Dar al Kotob Ilmiyah |isbn=9782745162144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1BiDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=Kahlah |first1='Umar Ridha |title=Flags of women in the Arab world and Islam; Ramla bint Zubayr |url=https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-pdf |publisher=Al-Risala Foundation |isbn=9789933446147 |access-date=24 November 2021 |date=2011 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Karaoğlu |first1=Ömer |title=An Overview of the Financial History of Muslims |journal=Journal of Knowlede Economy and Knowledge Management |date=2020 |volume=15 |issue=1 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/beyder/issue/55730/689910 |access-date=11 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Al-Kashmiri |first1=Muhammad Anwar Shah bin Moazzam Shah |author-link1=Anwar Shah Kashmiri |title=Anwar al Baari |date=1946 |publisher=modern comprehensive library |url=https://sunnah.com/ahmad/7 |access-date=7 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Kausar |last2=Imran |title=Addressable Issues of Ijtihad of the Muslim World Today |journal=The International Research Journal Department of Usooluddin |date=2016 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=172 |url=http://irjdu.com/index.php/irjdu/article/view/76 |access-date=6 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Khal |first1=Abdo |title=Can sexual harassment be a duty? |url=https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/48089 |website=Saudi Gazette |access-date=27 November 2021 |date=2013 |quote=This is a bogus story which is aimed at inviting husbands to harass their wives so as not to allow them to go out to work. I do not know if the tweeter meant only the husbands or was he asking all the men to harass women so that they do not go out to work? Whatever the tweeter’s intention was, he seems to be completely wrong. }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Ata ur Rehman |last2=Khan |first2=Janas |last3=Dad |first3=Karim |last4=Rehman |first4=Inayat ur |last5=Al-Azhar |first5=Zia ullah |title=Urwa Bin Zubair's "Al-Maghazi": Methodology and Critical |journal=Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities |date=2012 |volume=1 |issue=4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335812906 |access-date=9 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Khalaf |first1=Maryam Khairallah |last2=Mousa |first2=Maher Yaqoub |title=نشأة مدينة الزبيرومراحلها المىرفىلىجية |trans-title=The emergence of the city of Al-Zubayr and its morphological stages |journal=Basrah & Arabian Gulf Studies Centre / University of Basrah |date=2021 |issue=39 |page=36 |url=https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/f9ace624db069db2 |access-date=8 November 2021 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108200934/https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/f9ace624db069db2 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite book| last1=Khalidi| first1=T.| title=The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature| publisher=Harvard University Press| date=2001| isbn=0-674-00477-9| page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/188 188]| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/188}}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Khorasani Parizi |first1=Ebrahim |title=Ansar's Role in the Suppression of Apostates in the Era of Caliphate of Abu Bakr; Tabari history. Vol. 3, p.246, 247 |url=https://www.textroad.com/pdf/JBASR/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%201(12)2501-2510,%202011.pdf |website=textroad publication |publisher=Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran |access-date=9 October 2021 |date=2011 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603151620/https://www.textroad.com/pdf/JBASR/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%201%2812%292501-2510,%202011.pdf |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=KHWANI |first1=NAAT |title=Zuberi Clan History |url=http://zuberiassociation.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530143431/http://zuberiassociation.org/ |website=Zuberi Association |date=2005 |access-date=10 November 2021 |archive-date=2009-05-30 |url-status=live }}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=Lateh |first1=Bukhoree |title=Multiple Contracts According to the Fatwa of National Sharia Council |journal=International Journal of Nusantara Islam |date=2016 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=41–48 |url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ijni/article/view/1184 |doi=10.15575/ijni.v4i1.1184 |access-date=6 November 2021 |doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Lewis |author-link1=Bernard Lewis |first1=Bernard |title=On the Revolutions in Early Islam |journal=Studia Islamica |date=1970 |volume=32 |issue=32 |pages=215–231 |doi=10.2307/1595221 |jstor=1595221 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595221 |access-date=11 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
* {{EI2|last=Levi Della Vida|first=G.|author-link=Giorgio Levi Della Vida|title=Mirdās b. Udayya|pages=123–124|volume=7}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Lewis |author-link1=Bernard Lewis |first1=Bernard |title=The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years |date=1996 |volume=32 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-80712-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CjAABdA9z18C |access-date=16 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal|last1=Lucas|first1=Scott C.|title=The Legal Principles of Muhammad B. Ismāʿīl Al-Bukhārī and Their Relationship to Classical Salafi Islam|journal=Islamic Law and Society|date=2006|volume=13|issue=3|pages=290–292, 303|doi=10.1163/156851906778946341}}<br />
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* {{cite journal |last1=MacMichael |first1=H. A. |title=The Kababish. Some Remarks on the Ethnology of a Sudan Arab Tribe. |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1910 |volume=40 |page=224 |doi=10.2307/2843151 |jstor=2843151 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843151 |access-date=8 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Macmichaels |first1=H. A. |title=A History of the Arabs in the Sudan: And Some Account of the People who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr |date=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-01026-9 |page=194, while the claims of Khalid ibn Walid through his son, Sulaiman, also came in page 104 |edition=illustrated, reissue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRreydVE8IAC&q=zubair+kawahla |access-date=11 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=MacMichael |first=Harold Alfred |date=1922 |title=A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtIDAAAAMAAJ&dq=Kawahla+people+Sudan&pg=PA148 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=194 |access-date=September 8, 2015 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Maghlouth |first1=Sami ibn Abdullah |title=أطلس الفتوحات الإسلامية |trans-title=Atlas of Islamic Conquests |date=2015 |publisher=al 'Abkan publishing |isbn=978-9960548517 |edition=Sami ibn Abdullah al Maghlouth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uAsDwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Al-Mawardi |first1=Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ibn Muḥammad |author-link=Al-Mawardi |title=Al Ahkam As Sultaniyyah – Al Mawardi |date=2017 |publisher=Repro Knowledgcast Limited |isbn=9789388850278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0dSzQEACAAJ |access-date=24 October 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Mehmet |first1=Ilhan |title=Abd Allah Ibn Al-Zubayr and His Career as Caliph |journal=ANU Research Publications |date=2018 |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/186767 |access-date=8 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Misri |first1=Mahmud |title=Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam |trans-title=Companion of the Prophet vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam |date=2015 |publisher=Pustaka Ibnu Katsir |isbn=9789791294386 |language=id, ar |url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3644.slims-9450 |access-date=6 November 2021 |page=[https://kalemtayeb.com/safahat/item/36531 Shaja'ah Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Radhiyallahu anh (bravery of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]; by {{ill|Mahmud al-Misri|ar|محمود المصري}}; official Book review by [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS1qvPSxq34 Basalamah]; quoting various supplementary sources such as Sahih Bukhari, [[Sahih Muslim]], Siyar A'lam Nubala, [[Al-Tirmidhi]], [[Prophetic biography]] of Ibn Hisham, etc. }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Misri |first1=Mahmud |title=Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah vol 3: Abu Dujana Simak |trans-title=(Companion of the Prophet) vol 3: Abu Dujana Simak |date=2019 |publisher=Pustaka Ibnu Katsir |isbn=9789791294386 |language=id, ar |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/482230510/Sahabat-Sahabat-Rasullullah-Jilid-3-by-Syaikh-Mahmud-Al-Mishri-z-lib-org-pdf |access-date=6 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite thesis |last1=al-Mubarak |first1=Malik Abdulazeez |title=Warfare in early Islam |type=PhD |publisher=University of Glasgow |date=1997 |page=18 |url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/id/eprint/794 |access-date=15 October 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=al-Mubarakpuri |first1=Safi ur Rahman |author-link1=Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri |language=id |translator=Hanif Yahya |title=ar Rahiq al Makhtum |trans-title=the Sealed Nectar |date=2008 |publisher=Darussalam |location=Saudi Arabia |pages=416–418 |edition=Abdul Majid Muluk |url=https://archive.org/stream/indun/indu34_djvu.txt |access-date=21 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Safiur Rahman |author-link=Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri |language=id |title=Keberanian az-Zubeir Bin Awwâm Radhiyallahu Anhu |trans-title=the courage of az-Zubayr ibn Awwam, may god be pleased with him |url=https://almanhaj.or.id/3800-keberanian-az-zubeir-bin-awwam-radhiyallahu-anhu.html |website=Almanhaj |publisher=As Sunnah Magazine |access-date=22 November 2021 |date=2009 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Mujahidin |first1=Mujahidin |title=Konsep Iqtha' Pemberian Tanah Kepada Masyarakat Dalam Pemikiran Ekonomi Al-Mawardi (Studi Kitab Al-Ahkam Alsultaniyyah) |trans-title=Iqtha Concept of Giving Land to the Communityh in Economic Thinking of Al-Mawardi (Study of the Kitab Al-Ahkam Alsultaniyyah) |journal=Al Amwal Journal of Islamic Economic Law |date=2017 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.24256/alw.v2i1.535 |url=https://ejournal.iainpalopo.ac.id/index.php/alamwal/article/view/535 |access-date=6 November 2021 |doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Munt |first1=Harry |last2=Henry Robert Munt |first2=Thomas |title=The Holy City of Medina Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107042131 |page=162 |access-date=10 December 2021 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HrsAwAAQBAJ |format=Hardcover }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=G. W. |title=The Ababda |date=1923 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=53 |pages=417–423 |doi=10.2307/2843579 |jstor=2843579 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843579 |access-date=8 November 2021 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last1=an Naim Na |first1=Abdullahi Ahmed |title=Islam and the Secular State Negotiating the Future of Shari'a |date=2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-26144-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOYXEAAAQBAJ |access-date=22 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Nasr |first1=Hassan |title=تحرر: تحرر منهم لتصل إليك |date=2020 |publisher=al-'Abkan Publishing |isbn=978-6030327935 |page=140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-YIEAAAQBAJ |access-date=13 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Northedge |first1=Alastair |last2=Petersen |first2=Andrew |title=The Archaeology of Early Islamic Basra: Challenges and Potential |journal=Basra Its History, Culture and Heritage ed Paul Collins |date=2019 |page=54 |url=https://www.academia.edu/45521120 |access-date=8 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Norris |first1=H. T. |title=THE Futūḥ Al-Bahnasā: And its relation to pseudo-"Maġāzī" and "Futūḥ" literature, Arabic "Siyar" and Western Chanson de Geste in the Middle Ages |journal=Quaderni di Studi Arabi |date=1986 |volume=4 |pages=76–78 |jstor=25802579 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25802579 |access-date=8 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Nu'man |first1=Farid |language=id |title=Fiqih Praktis Sehari-hari |date=2020 |publisher=Gema Insani |isbn=978-6022507819 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fcbhDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Nur Baits |first1=Ammi |title=Tafsir Shalat |date=2021 |publisher=Muamalah Publishing |page=248 Hadith Riwayat Muslim 1336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SH3DwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2021 }}<br />
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{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External online biography ==<br />
{{sister project links||d=Q293565|c=Category:Zubayr ibn al-Awam|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090530143431/http://zuberiassociation.org/ Zuberi Clan History – 2009 archive]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608225337/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/44_ali_bin_talib.htm Talha and Zubair – 2011 archive]<br />
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{{Ten companions of Muhammad|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:656 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:594 births]]<br />
[[Category:Sahabah martyrs]]<br />
[[Category:Sahabah who participated in the battle of Badr]]<br />
[[Category:Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud]]<br />
[[Category:Sahabah hadith narrators]]<br />
[[Category:People of the First Fitna]]<br />
[[Category:Arab conquest of Egypt]]<br />
[[Category:Banu Asad (Quraysh)]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Muslim conquest of the Levant]]<br />
[[Category:Arab generals]]<br />
[[Category:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars]]<br />
[[Category:Generals of the medieval Islamic world]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Muslim conquest of Persia]]<br />
[[Category:People from the Rashidun Caliphate]]<br />
[[Category:Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate]]<br />
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]<br />
[[Category:7th-century jurists]]<br />
[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]<br />
[[Category:Quraysh]]<br />
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[[id:Khalid Basalamah|Khalid Basalamah]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_Meerak_Shah_Kashani&diff=533754
Sayyid Meerak Shah Kashani
2026-05-02T04:58:41Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating new data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sufi Spiritual leader in Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox religious biography<br />
| religion = [[Islam]]<br />
| name = Sayyid Meerak Shah Kashani<br />
| background = Green<br />
| honorific prefix = Sufi<br />
| honorific suffix = Spiritual Leader<br />
| native_name = سید میرک شاہ کاشأنی<br />
| native_name_lang = ks<br />
| title = '''Faqir-e-Milat'''<br />
| birth_date = 6 September 1895<br />
| birth_place = Saraf Kadal, Srinagar<br />
| parents = Sayyid Ahmad Shah Kashani<br />
| main interests = <br />
| Sufi_order = [[Qadiriyya]], [[Kubrawiyya]], [[Naqshbandi]], [[Suhrawardiyya]], [[Chisti]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuafAAAAMAAJ|pages=148|title=The Kashmiri Mussulman|last1=Khan |first1=Ghulam Hassan |year=1973 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1102216790/Sayyid-Mirak-Shah-KashaniKashmir8217-s-Spiritual-Glory-Prophesied-In-Lahore|title=Sayyid Mirak Shah Kashani:Kashmir' s Spiritual Glory ... &#124; MENAFN.COM|website=menafn.com|accessdate=29 March 2023}}</ref><br />
| pen_name = Mirak~<br />
| death_date = 13 December 1971 (24th Shawwal)<br />
| death_place = Shalimar Srinagar<br />
| resting_place = Khanqah-i-Kashani Shalimar<br />
| alma_mater = Anjuman Tableeg Ul Islam, Madinat Ul Uloum<br />
| founder = Anjuman Tableeg Ul Islam<br />
| influenced = Allama Shah Bukhari, [[Peer Yaseen Sahib]](Syed Mohammad Yaseen Shah),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailygoodmorningkashmir.com/faqeer-e-milat-jinab-peer-yaseen-sahib-ra-one-of-the-dearest-khalifas-of-syed-mirak-shah-kashani-ra/|title=Faqeer –e- Milat Jinab Peer Mohammad Yaseen Sahib (RA) - One of the Dearest Khalifa's of Syed Mirak Shah Kashani RA|first=Haroon Rashid|last=Bhat|date=7 October 2022}}</ref> Molvi Abdul Kabir <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thekashmirhorizon.com/2021/09/30/sayel-pandithporileast-published-poet-of-his-generation/|title=Sayel Pandithpori,Least Published Poet Of His Generation|accessdate=29 March 2023}}</ref><br />
| influences = [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]]<br />
| image = <br />
| nationality = [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]]<br />
| denomination = [[Sunni]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sayyid Meerakh Shah Kashani''' (Urdu: سید میرک شاہ کاشانی; 6 September 1895 – 13 December 1971), also known as '''Faqir-i-Milat''', was a [[Sufism|Kashmiri Sufi]] poet and spiritual teacher active during the late nineteenth centuries. He was associated with Sufi teaching and community service in Kashmir. <br />
<br />
Kashani was known for his poetry, religious instruction, and spiritual leadership. His teachings addressed themes of devotion, ethics, and spiritual discipline, he attracted follows within Kashmir and beyond. He was regarded by his followers as a respected Sufi saint, and his work influenced aspects of the region's religious and cultural life. <br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Mirakh Shah Kashani was born on 6 September 1895 in Saraf Kadal, [[Srinagar]], Jammu and Kashmir, to Sayyid Ahmed Shah Naqash. His mother died when he was two years old, and his father died three years later. He did not receive formal secular education beyond instruction in the [[Quran|Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], and some [[Persian literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-05 |title=Sayyid Mirak Kashani: Kashmir's Spiritual Glory Prophesied In Lahore |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2021/06/05/sayyid-mirak-shah-kashanikashmirs-spiritual-glory-prophesied-in-lahore/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[Kashmir Observer]] |language=en-US}}</ref> According to some accounts, when further formal education was proposed, he declined and instead spent time in the company of [[fakir]]s, [[saint]]s and [[Qalandar (title)|Qalandar]]s.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
It is reported that his ancestor, Sayyid Habibullah Kashani, migrated from [[Kashan]], a city in [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]]. Family tradition traces his lineage to the Prophet [[Muhammad]] صلى الله تعالى عليه وآله وسلم through [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]] رحمه الله.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}[[File:Sayyid_Meerakh_Shah_Kashani.jpg|thumb|Shrine of Sayyid Meerakh Shah Kashani at Shalimar Srinagar.]]<br />
<br />
Kashani later engaged in the [[Islamic calligraphy|calligraphy]] of [[Quran|Qur'an]]ic verses, which he used as a means of financial suport for himself and his disciples.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syed Meerak Shah Saheb Kashani (R.A) |url=https://www.kashmirdinbhar.in/2020/03/syed-meerak-shah-saheb-kashani-ra.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[Kashmir Dinbhar]] |language=en-gb|date=12 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
The shrine of Sayyid Meerakh Shan Kashani is located at Shalimar in Srinagar.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
==Death and burial==<br />
Sayyid Meerakh Shah Kashani died on 13 December 1971 (24 [[Shawwal]] 1391 AH), three days before the end of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, at the age of 76. He was buried at [[Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar]], at a site known as Khanqah-i-Kashaniyah, near the graves of his predecessors, Abdul Qadoos and Laal Shah Sahib.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sayyid Mirak Shah Kashani : Kashmir's spiritual glory prophesied in Lahore |url=https://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=103890 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Scoop News Jammu Kashmir}}</ref> <br />
<br />
His annual [[urs]] is observed on 24 Shawwal in accordance with the Islamic calender.<ref>{{Cite news |last=GKNN |title=Urs of Hazrat Mirak Shah Kashani (RA), Hazrat Mian Nizamuddin Kiyanawi (RA) |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/urs-of-hazrat-mirak-shah-kashani-ra-hazrat-mian-nizamuddin-kiyanawi-ra |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia's Premier News Agency - India News, Business & Political, National & International, Bollywood, Sports {{!}} ANI News |url=https://www.aninews.in/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=www.aninews.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Works ==<br />
[[File:Jaam e Irfan (Goblet Of Knowledge) written by Sayyid Meerakh Shah Kashani, Shalimar Srinagar.jpg|Jaam e Irfan written by Sayyid Meerakh Shah Kashani.|center|frameless|258x258px]]• '''Jaam-e-Irfan''' (Goblet Of Knowledge), a poetry collection published by Khanqah-i-Kashaniyah; its second edition was published in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayyid Mirak Shah Kashani : Kashmir's spiritual glory prophesied in Lahore - Scoop News Jammu Kashmir |url=https://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=103890 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.scoopnews.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]] <br />
* [[Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari]]<br />
* [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:20th-century Islamic religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Islam in Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:1895 births]]<br />
[[Category:1971 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Srinagar]]<br />
[[Category:Sufi poets]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paruchuri_Gopala_Krishna&diff=524605
Paruchuri Gopala Krishna
2026-05-01T03:44:25Z
<p>Maryslanker: put up the details w/ sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian screen writer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Paruchuri Gopala Krishna<br />
| image = Paruchuri GopalaKrishna.jpg<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age| 1947| 09|25| df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Meduru]], [[Pamidimukkala]] Mandal, [[Krishna District|Krishna]], [[Andhra Pradesh State|Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| education = [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctorate|PhD]], [[Hindi|Rastrabasha]], [[D.Litt.]]<br />
| occupation = {{ubl|Writer|Actor|professor}}<br />
| years_active = 1978–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage| Vijaya Lakshmi|1970}}<br />
| children = Paruchuri Hima Bindu, Gottimukkala Naga Sushma, Kodali Hari Priya<br />
| relatives = [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Paruchuri Gopala Krishna''' (25 September 1947) is an Indian screenwriter, actor, and director known for his works in [[Telugu cinema]]. Gopala Krishna is the younger of the [[Paruchuri Brothers]] (Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao and Paruchuri Gopala Krishna), a writing duo in the film industry who have worked on more than 350 Telugu films since 1978.<ref>{{cite web| title=Paruchuri Gopala Krishna| url= http://telugucinewritersassociation.com/profile/50-paruchuri-gopala-krishna-profile|website=Telugu Cine Writers Association| publisher = telugucinewritersassociation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Paruchuri Gopala Krishna |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/paruchuri-brothers-felicitated-telugu-event-28883.html |work=indiaglitz}}</ref>{{TOC limit|2}}<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
[[File:Dr.Paruchuri_Gopala_Krishna_with_his_wife_at_Megastar_Chiranjeevi_60th_birhtday_party.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Paruchuri Gopala Krishna with his wife at Megastar Chiranjeevi's 60th birthday party in 2015]]<br />
Paruchuri Gopala Krishna (born 10 June 1946<ref name="I">{{cite web |title =Paruchuri Gopala Krishna| url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-paruchurigopalakrishna.html| publisher = idlebrain}}</ref> in Meduru, [[Gannavaram]] Taluq, [[Krishna District]]) was the youngest child of his parents Paruchuri Raghavayya and Hymavathamma. He has one elder sister and two elder brothers [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] and Paruchuri Kutumba Rao.<br />
<br />
Gopala Krishna received his BSc from the Government City Science College and an MA Telugu from the Arts College, both affiliated with Osmania University. Later he earned his PhD from Osmania University in Telugu Cinema Literature, concentrating on the research topic: ‘Telugu Cinema Sahityam – Katha- Kathanam – Silpam’ in the year 2003. Gopala Krishna earned [[Doctor of Literature]] from Berhampur University, Orissa for the research topic: ‘Telugu Cinema Story – Social Outlook’ in the year 2021. He has also done ‘Rashtra Bhasha’ in Hindi.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Gopala Krishna is married to his first cousin, Vijaya Lakshmi. The couple has three children, Paruchuri Hima Bindu, Gottimukkala Naga Sushma who is married to TV and Film Artist, Gottimukkala Jaya Prakash (Screen name Varun) and Kodali Hari Priya who is married to Kodali Kalyan Prasad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paruchuri Gopala Krishna | url=https://maastars.com/gopala-krishna-profile/|website=MAA Stars|accessdate=31 August 2017| publisher = maastars}}</ref> He is fluent in Telugu, English and Hindi.<ref name="I"/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Lecturer, Head of the Department and Vice Principal (1975–1983)===<br />
Gopala Krishna worked as a Telugu lecturer at Lal Bahdoor Shastri Oriental College, Chinanindra Kolanu, West Godavari from 7 August 1971 to 1 September 1975. Later, he worked as the Head of the Department of Telugu and Vice Principal in Adusumilli Gopala Krishna & Sugar Cane Growers College, Vuyyuru, Krishna District from 2 September 1975 to April 1983.<br />
<br />
===Writing and acting (1971–present)===<br />
[[File:Paruchuri_Brothers_profile_pic.jpg|thumb|left|Krishna with Paruchuri Brothers duo along with co - writer [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]]]]<br />
Initially, he started writing small stories, playlets<ref>{{cite news | title = theater | url = http://thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/lsquoParuchuri-Brothersrsquo-to-concentrate-on-theatre/article16592544.ece| work = The Hindu| date = 8 May 2009}}</ref> and detective novels which were published in weekly magazines. He acted in more than one hundred playlets in Indian theater. In 1978, his brother Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao, who was already in the film industry, advised Gopala Krishna to join him in film writing. As a result, they both started scripting the films as Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao and Paruchuri Gopala Krishna. In 1982, Sri. [[Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]] proposed the screen name Paruchuri Brothers and since then the writing-duo have been established as successful writers. In 1983, Gopala Krishna first starred in the film Ee Piilaku Pellavuthunda, for which the Paruchuri brothers wrote the storyline and dialogues. He continued to appear in 47 films as an artist and also continued writing for more than 350 films; to name a few E Charithra Ye Siraatho, [[Naa Desam]], [[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]], [[Eenadu]], [[Mundadugu]], [[Bobbili Brahmanna]], Prajaswamyam, [[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]], [[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]], Sarpayagam, [[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]] [[Samarasimha Reddy]], [[Narasimha Naidu]], [[Okkadu]], [[Indra]], [[Tagore]], [[Manasantha Nuvve]], [[Nee Sneham]], [[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]], [[Shankardada MBBS]], [[Drushyam]], [[Khaidi No. 150]], [[Rudrama Devi (film)|Rudrama Devi]] and [[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]].<br />
<br />
===Direction (1984–present)===<br />
In 1984, both the brothers decided to direct film. Their first film as directors, under Srinadh movies, was Kai Raja Kai. Later they directed a total of 9 films, [[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]], Sreekrishnaleelalu, Repati Swarajyam, Praja Swamyamyam, Maa Telugu Talli, Maro Quit India, Sarpayagam and Singanna.<br />
<br />
==Other work==<br />
===Television===<br />
Gopala Krishna contributed his services to television as a host, co-host, actor, writer, and director. He hosted the Gemini TV reality show [[Chilaka Gorinka]] in 1996. He then hosted 200 episodes of Praja Vedika—a Gemini TV talk show from 2008 to 2013. He also co-hosted the Maa TV reality show Andhamina Jeevitham in 2015 and the Maa TV reality show Samsaram oka Chadarangam in 2016.<br />
In 2001, he scripted Mattimanishi, an ETV tele serial for Sri. [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]. In 2013, he directed [[Sati Savitri (2013 film)|Sati Savitri]], an ETV mythological tele film. In the year 2004, he acted in [[Thulabharam]], a ZEE Telugu tele film and in 2013 he acted as Neelakanta Sastri in [[Yogi Vemana]] historical serial which telecasted in ABN.<br />
<br />
===Mentor===<br />
Gopala Krishna always had a passion for teaching<ref>{{ cite web | title = Telugu one radio | date = 5 April 2011 | url = http://teluglobe.com/podcasts/mm-gaanalahari/mmgl-interviews/paruchuri-gopalakrishna-1-of-2 | publisher = teluglobe}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Telugu one radio | date = 5 April 2011 | url = http://teluglobe.com/podcasts/mm-gaanalahari/mmgl-interviews/paruchuri-gopalakrishna-2-of-2 | publisher = teluglobe}}</ref> and continues to be an Hon. Professor and has conducted screenplay classes at Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Telugu Cine Writers Association and Telugu Film Directors Association since 2008.<br />
<br />
===Social media===<br />
In 2017, he began sharing his knowledge by teaching film script writing classes through his YouTube channel ('''#ParuchuriPalukulu''' and '''#ParuchurPaataalu''') for all aspiring writers. These interactive lessons are shared on his other social media accounts, like Facebook and Twitter.<br />
<br />
===Services===<br />
# Served as the chairman for "Official Language Commission", Andhra Pradesh from Feb 2003 to May 2004<br />
# Served as an Executive Council Member from 1997 to 2005 for "Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University"<br />
# Served as an Executive Council Member in 2002 for "Movie Artist Association (MAA)"<br />
# Served as a Director from 2002 to 2004 for "Film Development Corporation", Andhra Pradesh<br />
# Served as a Honorable President for "A.P. Film Industry Employees Federation" in 2002<br />
# Served as a Honorable President from 2008 to 2010 for "A.P. Film Industry Employees Federation"<br />
# Served as a Co-ordination Committee chairman, "A.P. Film Industry Employees Federation" in 2012<br />
# Served as a Co-ordination Committee chairman from 2008 to 2010 for "A.P. Film Directors Association"<br />
# Served as a Judge for "A.P. State Nandi Drama Competition" in 2006<br />
# Served as a "Hamsa and Ugadi Purskara Selection Committee member" in 2015<br />
# Continues to serve as Honorable Professor, "Sri Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University" since 2008<br />
# Continues to serve as the Co-Ordination Committee chairman, "Movie Artist Association (MAA)" since 2010<br />
# Continues to serve as the President of "Telugu Cine Writers Association" since 2007<br />
# Continues to serve as the Life Member to "Tyagaraya Ganasabha" since 1991<br />
# Continues to serve as Convener and Trustee to the "Paruchuri Raghubabu Memorial Trust" since 1991<br />
# Continues to serve as the chairman to the "Smt. Paruchuri Hymavathy Raghaviah Memorial Trust" since 2012<br />
# Continues to serve as Chief Advisor of "Shri Rajarajeswari Devi Temple", Film nagar, Hyderabad since 1998<br />
# Serving as General Secretary to "Film Nagar Daiva Sannidhanam" trust board (Affiliated to 'VISAKHA SRI SARADAPEETHAM'), Hyderabad since 2018<br />
<br />
==Literary==<br />
<br />
===Literary essays===<br />
# In 1997, on 1 and 22 September, "Stree Patralu" and "Samagica Prabhavam" published in "Andhra Jyothi" daily.<br />
# From Nov. 95 to Jan. 97, "Chitramlo Citralu" essay published in "Rachana" monthly.<br />
<br />
===Literary books===<br />
# Telugu Cinema Sahityam – "Katha-Kathanam-Silpam"<ref>{{cite web | title=Paruchuri Gopala Krishna | url = http://anandbooks.com/Telugu-Cinima-Saahithyam-Katha-Kathanam-Silpam| publisher=anandbooks}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Paruchuri Gopala Krishna | url= https://avkf.org/BookLink/display_author_books.php?author_id=248|publisher=avkf}}</ref>(Eighth Edition running)<br />
# "11th Hour"<ref>{{cite web | title = Paruchuri Gopala Krishna | url = http://logili.com/books/11th-hour-paruchuri-gopalakrishna/p-7488847-86338878644-cat.html|publisher = logili}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Paruchuri Gopala Krishna | url=https://avkf.org/BookLink/display_author_books.php?author_id=248|publisher=avkf}}</ref>(Third Edition running)<br />
# "Memu ‘Maa’ Herolu" (First Edition running)<br />
<br />
===Novels===<br />
# Bharatakhandam Bhaggumantondi (Andhra Bhoomi Weekly)<br />
# Nallapusalu (Andhra Jyothi Weekly)<br />
# Asambhavami Yuge Yuge (Udayam Weekly)<br />
# Strinam.... Buddhischapi Charturgunaha (Andhra Prabha Weekly)<br />
<br />
===Playlets===<br />
# Socialism in 1971<br />
# Patta Bhadrula Phalaharasala in 1979<br />
# Ee Charitra Erra Siratho in 1980<br />
# Ariche Kukka Karicindi in 1995 TANA festival at USA in Chicago and Detroit<br />
# Telugu Vijayam in 2007 TANA festival at USA in Washington DC and L.A., enacted by Sri. Nandamuri Balakrishna<br />
# Sambhavami Pade Pade in 2009<br />
# Budhhim Saranam Gachhami in 2010<br />
# Raja Raja Narendrudu in 2011 TANA festival at USA in Santa Clara, L.A. and Dallas, enacted by Sri. Nandamuri Balakrishna<br />
# Sri Krishna Vuvacha and Dabba Palu in 2012 Prapancha Telugu Mahasabhalu in Tirupathi<br />
# Revised version of Dabba Palu in 2013 TANA festival at USA in Dallas<br />
# Bhuvana Vijayam in 2016 at Lepakshi Utsav, Hindupur, enacted by Sri. Nandamuri Balakrishna<br />
<br />
===Short stories and essays===<br />
# First short story Vidheyadu in Swathi monthly in January 1975<br />
# Kukka Viswasamgala Janthuvu and Vimananam Noruleni Yantram short stories in Hasam weekly<br />
# 11th Hour Episodes on Cinema in Andhra Jyothi Daily from July 2004 to Dec. 2004<br />
# Memu Maa Herolu ‘Hrudya lekhanam’ in Super Hit Film Magazine in 2004–2005<br />
<br />
==Awards, honors and recognitions==<br />
===Best Story Writer===<br />
# Second Best Story Writer in 1986 for '''Pratidhwani''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
# Best Story Writer in 1990 for '''Karthavyam''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
# Best Story Writer in 1990 for '''Karthavyam''', Kalasagar, Madras<br />
# Best Story Writer in 1993 for '''Aasayam''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
# Best Story Writer in 1993 for '''Aasayam''', Cinegoers association, Hyderabad<br />
# Best Screenplay Writer in 1990 for '''Kodama Simham''', Vamsi Berkley Awards<br />
<br />
===Best Dialogue Writer===<br />
# 1982 '''Eenadu''' Sitara Award, Hyderabad<br />
# 1988 '''Prajaswamyam''', Rasamayi, Tenali<br />
# 1990 '''Karthavyam''', Kala Sagar Award, Madras<br />
# 1991 '''People's Encounter''', Kala Sagar, Madras<br />
# 1992 '''Sundarakanda''', Lalita Kala Sagar, Chittoor<br />
# 1992 '''Peddarikam''', Lyrics Award, Madras<br />
# 1993 '''Kunthi Puthrudu''', Vamsi Berkley Award, Hyderabad<br />
# 1993 '''Major Chandrakanth''', Kalasagar, Madras<br />
# 1996 '''Nayudugari Kutumbam''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
# 1998 '''Ganesh''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
# 1998 '''Ganesh''', A.P. Cinegoers Award<br />
# 1998 '''Bavagaru Bagunnara''', Vamsi Berkley Award<br />
# 1999 '''Samarasimha Reddy''', AFJA Award<br />
# 1999 '''Samarasimha Reddy''', Yuvakala Vahini Award<br />
# 1999 '''Samarasimha Reddy''', A.P. Cinegoers Award<br />
# 2000 '''Azad''', A.P. Cinegoers Award<br />
# 2001 '''Narasimha Naidu''', Vamsi Directors Specials<br />
# 2002 '''Indra''', A.P. Cinegoers Award<br />
# 2003 '''Tagore''', A.P. Cinegoers Award<br />
# 2003 '''Tagore''', Santosham Award<br />
# 2003 '''Tagore''', Maa T.V. Award<br />
# 2003 '''Tagore''', Bharatha Muni Award<br />
# 2004 '''Varsham''', Santhosham Award<br />
# 2004 '''Sankardada MBBS''', MAA T.V. Award<br />
# 2005 '''Suryam''', Vamsi Berkley Award<br />
# 2006 '''Stalin''', Santhosham Award<br />
<br />
===Best Film Director===<br />
# Third Best Film Director in 1987 for '''Prajaswamyam''', A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
<br />
===Special Jury Award===<br />
# Paruchuri Brothers were awarded with '''Special Jury Award''' for the year 2016, A.P. State Nandi Award<br />
<br />
===TV Awards===<br />
# Best Playlet writer award in A.P. State Nandi Drama Competition for the playlet "Sambhavami Pade Pade" in 2009<br />
# Best Villain in comedy role for '''Sasirekha Parinayam''' movie in 2010, Gemini TV Film Awards<br />
# Best Social Program Presenter award received for "Prajavedika" in 2011, Padmamohana TV awards<br />
# Best Talk Show award for "Praja Vedika" in 2012, Gemini TV Awards<br />
# Best Anchor award for "Praja Vedika" in 2012, Yuvakala Vahini<br />
# Best Director award for Tele film "Sati Savitri" in 2014, Aradhana srikari ETV (Telecasted in 2013)<br />
# Second Best Tele Film "Sathi Savithri", Copper Nandi and Commendation certificate to the director award for 2013 given in 2017 by AP State Government.<br />
<br />
===Honors and felicitations===<br />
# Celebrate award in 2007 at "Telugu Chalana Chitra Vajrotsavam" (Diamond Jubilee)<br />
# "Sensational Star Writers of the Decade" Award by Super Hit Magazine in 2010<br />
# "Tv9 TSR Lalitha Kala Parishat" Best Story Dialogue Writers Award in 2010<br />
# "Vishala Bharati Gaurav Satkar" award by Delhi Telugu Academy in 2007 for Script Writing<br />
# "NTR Smaraka Purskara" Award for Contribution towards cinema in 2011, Hyderabad<br />
# For completion of 200 films with the title ‘’’200 Not Out’’’ in 1992 at Ravindra Bharathi, Hyderabad<br />
# For completing ‘’’Silver Jubilee’’’ in film writing successfully by "Singapore Telugu Association", Singapore in 2002<br />
# For completing 25 years in film writing successfully by "TANA (Telugu Association of North America)" at San Jose, USA in 2003<br />
# For completing 25 years in film writing successfully by "ETA (European Telugu Association)" at Birmingham, UK in 2003<br />
# '''Aatreya Award''' title by "Abhinandhana Cultural Association"<br />
# '''Visista Sodharulu''' title by "Padma Mohana" in 2004<br />
# '''Visista Dampatulu''' title by "Padma Mohana" in 2009<br />
# '''Gangi Reddy Memorial International Spiritual''' Award, Vishakapatnam in 2009<br />
# '''Viswa Vikhyata Rachana Sarwabhoumulu''' title (Birudu) by "T. Subba Rami Reddy Lalitha Kala Parishath" on the occasion of completing '''333 films in 33 years for 3 Generations''' in 2011<br />
# '''100 years of SIFCC (South India Film Centenary Celebrations)''' film festival at Chennai in 2013<br />
# '''Dr. Allu Ramalingaiah National Award''' at Vijayawada in 2014<br />
# '''Dasari Smarakam Writer Award''' by ''Santotsham'' at [[15th Santosham Film Awards]] in 2017<br />
# '''Life Time Achievement Award''' by Kakatiya Kala Sevasamithi, Hyderabad in 2017<br />
#'''TAAI Award''' In recognition of services to Telugu Language by Telugu Association of Australia, Melbourne in 2017<br />
# '''Life Time Achievement Award''' by Telugu Association Inc, Sydney in 2017<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===As director===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#CCC; text-align:center;"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || ''[[Kai Raja Kai]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[Sri Katna Leelalu]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Repati Swarajyam]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Prajaswamyam]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[Maa Telugu Talli]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || ''[[Sarpayagam]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 || ''[[Maro Quit India]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Singanna]]'' ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As actor ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#CCC; text-align:center;"<br />
! Year !! Title <br />
!Role!! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || ''[[Anuraga Devatha]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1983 || ''Ee Pillaku Pellavuthunda?'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || ''[[Kathanayakudu (1984 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[Sri Katna Leelalu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[Agni Parvatam]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Prathidwani]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Aadapaduchu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Guru Brahma]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Bhargava Ramudu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
|1987<br />
|''[[Trimurtulu]]''<br />
|<br />
|Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Lawyer Bharathi Devi]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Repati Swarajyam]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Bharatamlo Arjunudu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Sardar Krishnama Naidu]]'' <br />
| Netaji||<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Prajaswamyam]]'' <br />
|Bose||<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[Maa Telugu Talli]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || ''[[Raktha Kaneeru]]'' <br />
| Stalin||<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''[[Aadadi]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''[[Doctor Bhavani]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || ''[[Prema Panjaram]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || ''[[Sarpayagam]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || ''[[Prayatnam]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 || ''[[Mother India (1992 film)|Mother India]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Mutha Mestri]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Inspector Jhansi]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Mogudu Garu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 || ''[[Maro Quit India]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1995 || ''Real Hero''<br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Adavilo Anna]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Singanna]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[Yamajathakudu]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2003 || ''[[Naaga]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Operation Duryodhana]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Somberi]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Savaal]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Adhineta]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Amaravathi (2009 film)|Amaravathi]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || ''[[Kothi Mookha]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || ''[[Nagaramnidrapotunna Vela]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Lovely (2012 film)|Lovely]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[Nenu Naa Friends]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[Rowdy (2014 film)|Rowdy]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Bhale Manchi Roju]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''Dirty Game''<br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Lavanya With Love Boys]]'' <br />
| ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As writers===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|- style="background:#CCC; text-align:center;"<br />
! Year !! Film !! Category !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2019 (2 Movies)|| ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' || Story ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sita (2019 film)|Sita]]'' || Screenplay and Script Coordination ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018 (4 Movies)|| ''Rangu'' || Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ayushman Bhava'' || Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gayathri]]''|| Story Development ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2017 (5 Movies)|| ''[[Sapthagiri LLB]]''||Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kathalo Rajakumari]]''|| Script Coordination ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nene Raju Nene Mantri]]''|| Script Coordination ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Jayadev'' || Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]''|| Script Co-ordinators ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016 (2 Movies)|| ''Siddhartha''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Bramostavam]]''|| Script Co-ordinators ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1" | 2015 (1 Movie)|| ''[[Rudrama Devi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2014 (4 Movies)|| ''[[Govindudu Andarivadele]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Drushyam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Nenu Naa Friends''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1" | 2013 (1 Movie)|| '' Akasamlo Sagam ''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2012 (7 Movies)|| ''[[Genius (2012 film)|Genius]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Shirdi Sai]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Racha (film)|Racha]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mr. Nookayya]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nandeeswarudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2011 (4 Movies)|| ''[[Kshetram (film)|Kshetram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mr. Rascal''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nagaram Nidrapotunna Vela]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Veera (2011 film)|Veera]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2010 (5 Movies)|| ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manasara...]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aalasyam Amrutam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Collector Gari Bharya]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maa Annayya Bangaram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2009 (5 Movies)|| ''[[Mahatma (film)|Mahatma]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Junction''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Neramu Siksha (2009 film)|Neramu Siksha]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Adhineta]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maska (2009 film)|Maska]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2008 (3 Movies)|| ''[[Rainbow (2008 film)|Rainbow]]''|| Dialogues ||<ref>{{cite web | title = Rainbow | url = http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-rainbow.html| publisher = idlebrain}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Baladoor]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2007 (8 Movies)|| ''[[Anasuya (2007 film)|Anasuya]]''|| Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Godava]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vijayadasami (film)|Vijayadasami]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (2007 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2006 (4 Movies)|| ''[[Sainikudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Astram (film)|Astram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pournami (2006 film)|Pournami]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2005 (7 Movies)|| ''[[Allari Pidugu]]''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Political Rowdy]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Narasimhudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Subhash Chandra Bose (film)|Subhash Chandra Bose]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Soggadu (2005 film)|Soggadu]]''|| Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sankranthi (film)|Sankranthi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |2004 (10 Movies)|| ''[[Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sakhiya]]''|| Dialogues ||<ref>{{cite web |<br />
title = Sakihya Natho Raa | url = http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-sakhiya.html | publisher = idlebrain}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Suryam''|| Dialogues ||<ref>{{cite web |<br />
title = Suryam | url = http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-suryam.html| publisher = Idlebrain}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Shankar Dada MBBS]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Arjun (2004 film)|Arjun]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naa Autograph]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Adavi Ramudu (2004 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nenunnanu]]''|| Katha Vistharana, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha]]''|| Katha Vistharana, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |2003 (14 Movies)|| ''[[Tiger Harischandra Prasad]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Toli Choopulone]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vishnu (2003 film)|Vishnu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Neeku Nenu Naaku Nuvvu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ammulu''||Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Palanati Brahmanaidu (film)|Palanati Brahmanaidu]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sambhavi IPS''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Taarak]]''|| Dialogues ||<ref>{{cite web | title = Tarak | url = http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-taarak.html | publisher = idlebrain }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Indiramma''|| Story, Dialogues ||<ref>{{cite web | title = Indiramma | url =http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-indiramma.html| publisher = idlebrain }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Okkadu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naaga]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |2002 (12 Movies)|| ''[[Eeshwar (2002 film)|Eeshwar]]''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Siva Rama Raju]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nee Sneham]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chennakesava Reddy]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Allari Ramudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sreeram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Seema Simham]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2001 (7 Movies)|| ''[[Raa (film)|Raa]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]''|| Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Adhipathi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Akasa Veedhilo]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Simharasi (film)|Simharasi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pandanti Samsaram]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |2000 (11 Movies)|| ''[[Pottu Amman (film)|Durga]]''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jayam Manadera]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vamsi (film)|Vamsi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Azad (2000 film)|Azad]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rayalaseema Ramanna Chowdary]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Madhuri''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pelli Sambandham]]''|| Story Remake ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manasu Paddanu Kaani]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalisundam Raa]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vamshoddharakudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Postman (2000 film)|Postman]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |1999 (6 Movies)|| ''[[Raja Kumarudu]] ''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sultan (1999 film)|Sultan]]''|| Story Discussion, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yamajathakudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Samarasimha Reddy]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Peddamanushulu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sneham Kosam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |1998 (7 Movies)|| ''[[Premante Idera]] ''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sri Ramulayya]]''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Eswar Allah''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ganesh (1998 film)|Ganesh]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Yuvarathna Rana''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bavagaru Bagunnara?]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Khaidi Garu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |1997 (7 Movies)|| ''[[Sainikudu]]''||Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Collector Garu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Singanna''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bobbili Dora''|| Story, Dialogues<br />
||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Peddannayya]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adavilo Anna''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |1996 (6 Movies)|| ''Rendu Kutumbala Katha''||Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Tata Manavadu''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Nayudugari Kutumbam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Puttinti Gouravam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vamshanikokkadu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |1995 (9 Movies)|| ''Shiva''||Story || Kannada film<br />
|-<br />
| ''Telugu Veera Levara''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Dorababu''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Real Hero''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Street Fighter''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sankalpam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pokiri Raja]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" |1994 (9 Movies)|| ''Aavesam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bobbili Simham]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Yes Nenante Nene''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gangmaster (film)|Gangmaster]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Doragariki Dongapellam''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[S.P. Parasuram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jailor Gaari Abbayi]]''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maro Quit India''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Todikodallu''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |1993 (11 Movies)|| ''Kunti Putrudu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Rowdy Mogudu''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nippu Ravva]]''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mogudugaru''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kondapalli Raja]]''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inspector Jhansi''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ratha Sarathi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aashayam]]''|| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chittemma Mogudu]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mutha Mestri]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="14" |1992 (15 Movies)<br />
| ''[[Sundarakanda (1992 film)|Sundarakanda]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Collector Gari Alludu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Prema Vijetha''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chinarayudu]]''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mother India (1992 film)|Mother India]]''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Peddarikam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Brahma''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rowdy Inspector]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Moratodu Naa Mogudu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Champion''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dharma Kshetram]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Rakthatharpanam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pranadata''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="15" |1991 (17 Movies)|| ''Prayatnam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sarpayagam''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aagraham (1993 film)|Aagraham]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rowdy Gaari Pellam]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Surya IPS]]''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Prema Panjaram''|| Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jagannatakam]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1991 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gang Leader]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Assembly Rowdy]]''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[People's Encounter]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Talli Tandrulu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kadapa Reddemma''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Prema Khaidi]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Stuartpuram Police Station]]''|| Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="14" |1990 (17 Movies)|| ''[[Majboor (1990 film)|Majboor]]''|| Story, Screenplay || Hindi film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Doshi Nirdoshi''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Doctor Bhavani''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| '' Vishnu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bobbili Raja]]''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kodama Simham]]''|| Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Aadadi''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Kartavyam]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ayudham''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aggiramudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Balachandrudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Judgment''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |1989 (12 Movies)||''[[Indrudu Chandrudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Koduku Diddina Kapuram]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Black Tiger''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dhruva Nakshatram (1989 film)|Dhruva Nakshatram]]''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ashoka Chakravarthy]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mouna Poratam]]''|| Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Raktha Kanneru''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pardhudu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[State Rowdy]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vicky Daada]]''|| Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manchi Kutumbam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vijay (1989 film)|Vijay]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |1988 (14 Movies)|| ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu (1988 film)|Ramudu Bheemudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mugguru Kodukulu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Agni Keratam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maa Telugu Talli''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Aswaddhama''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Rowdy No 1''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Chattamtho Chadarangam''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tiragabadda Telugubidda]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chinababu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Donga Ramudu (1988 film)|Donga Ramudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Raktha Tilakam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kaliyuga Karnudu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="19" |1987 (22 Movies)|| ''Prajaswamyam''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Nyayaniki Sankellu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bhanumati Gari Mogudu]]''|| Dialogues, Kadhasamvidhanam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maa Oori Magaadu''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Samrat''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dammit Katha Addam Thirigindi]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Agni Putrudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sankharavam''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Muddayi''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Trimurtulu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Makutamleni Maharaju]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sardar Krishnamanaidu''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bharatamlo Arjunudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Repati Swarajyam''|| Screenplay, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[President Gari Abbai]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Karthika Pournami''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Lawyer Bharathidevi''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bhargava Ramudu]]''|| Kadha Samvidhanam, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Thandri Kodukula Challenge''||Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="15" |1986 (20 Movies)|| ''Guru Brahma''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Chanakya Sapadham''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Jailu Pakshi''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Brahma Rudrulu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kaliyuga Krishnudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Aadapaduchu''|| Story, Dialogues, Lyrics ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ravana Brahma]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anasuyamma Gari Alludu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kaidi Rudrayya''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Veta (1986 film)|Veta]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pratidhvani''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kondaveeti Raja]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Jayam Manade''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bhale Mithrulu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |1985 (11 Movies)|| ''[[Pattabhishekam (1985 film)|Pattabhishekam]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Adavi Donga]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vajrayudham''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Palnati Simham''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Terror''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Donga (film)|Donga]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maha Sangramam''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sri Katna Leelalu''|| Story, Dialogues, Screenplay ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chattamtho Poratam]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Agni Parvatham]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="15" |1984 (20 Movies)|| ''Rowdy''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kathanayakudu (1984 film)|Kathanayakudu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Palnati Puli]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Gharana Rowdy''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Nagu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Intiguttu (1984 film)|Intiguttu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Uddandudu''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Raraju (1984 film)|Raraju]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Dandayatra''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kai Raja Kai''|| Story, Dialogues, Lyrics ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bobbili Brahmanna]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Rojulu Marayi''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Babulu Gadi Debba''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tandava Krishnudu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sardar''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="20" |1983 (21 Movies)|| ''[[Sangharshana]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Poratam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Khaidi (1983 film)|Khaidi]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kala Yamudu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Praja Rajyam''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Rakasi Loya''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ee Pillaku Pellavuthunda?''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Roshagadu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Durgadevi''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mayagadu''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Aapadbandhavulu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Siripuram Monagadu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Chandasasanudu''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mugguru Monagallu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Chattaniki Veyikallu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ee Desamlo Okaroju''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Simham Navvindi]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mundadugu]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Idi Kaadu Mugimpu''|| Lyrics, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bezawada Bebbuli]]''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |1982 (8 Movies)|| ''Eenadu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Saval''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Illali Korikalu''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naa Desam]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''E Charitra Ye Siratho''|| Story, Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pellilla Perayya''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maro Malupu''|| Lyrics, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Anuragadevata''|| Dialogues||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1981 (2 Movies)|| ''Maro Kurukshetram''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bhogabhagyalu''|| Lyrics ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |1980 (4 Movies)|| ''Manavude Mahaneeyudu''|| Dialogues, Lyrics ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Samadhi Kadutunnam Chandalivvandi''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Badayi Basavaiah''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Samsara Bandham''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 1979 (3 Movies)|| ''Seethe Ramudaithe''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Chaya''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kaliyuga Mahabharatam''|| Story, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1" | 1978 (1 Movie)|| ''[[Chali Cheemalu]]''|| Dialogues ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|0664084}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paruchuri, Gopala Krishna}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian screenwriting duos]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Vijayawada]]<br />
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Vijayawada]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avantika_Superfast_Express&diff=488424
Avantika Superfast Express
2026-04-30T22:43:23Z
<p>Maryslanker: Starting First Details Basic Info...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}{{more citations needed|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{short description|Train in India }}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Avantika Superfast Express<br />
| logo = <br />
| image = Avantika SF Express New Nameplate.jpg<br />
| caption = Avantika SF Express train board<br />
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]<br />
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] & [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1985|05|01}}<br />
| last =<br />
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{stnlnk|Mumbai Central}} (MMCT)<br />
| stops = 18 <br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} (INDB)<br />
| distance = {{convert|830|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 12 Hours 15 Minutes <br />
| frequency = Daily <br />
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, AC 3 Tier Economy, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack =<br />
| catering = Available but no pantry car<br />
| observation = Rake sharing with 12927/12928 Dadar Western-Ekta Nagar Express<br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = Available<br />
| otherfacilities = Below the seats <br />
| stock = [[LHB coach]]<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br />
| el = <br />
| trainnumber = 12961 / 12962<br />
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, <br/>{{convert|68|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br />
| map = [[File:Avantika Express Route map.jpg|250px]]<br />
| map_state =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The 12961 / 12962 '''Avantika Superfast Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|superfast express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Mumbai Central}} and {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} in India. It is a daily service. It operates as train number 12961 from Mumbai Central to [[Indore]] and as train number 12962 in the reverse direction.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
When this train was introduced back in 1985 it was called as Bombay–Indore Superfast. Later it was renamed as Avantika Superfast Express.<br />
For about a couple of years, in mid 1990s, the termination of train was changed from Mumbai Central to Bandra Terminus (A western Suburban terminus station). The order was reversed and from 1998 the train started going up to Mumbai Central.<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"><br />
File:12962 Avantika Express.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
The name '''Avantika''' is from 'Avanti', the former name of [[Ujjain]], a historical city located near Indore. This is one of the two Superfast train connections between Indore and Mumbai, the other train is [[Indore Duronto Express]].<br />
<br />
In February 2019, it was upgraded to [[LHB coach]].<ref>{{cite news |title=15 Trains Originating From Indore to be Get LHB coach |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/15-trains-originating-from-indore-to-be-get-lhb-coaches-4265078.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |publisher=News18 |date=30 Sep 2021 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Indore: Additional coaches will be added to 10 pairs of trains |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-additional-coaches-will-be-added-to-10-pairs-of-trains |access-date=5 September 2022 |publisher=Free Press Journal |date=31 Mar 2022 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lashkari |first1=Milind R |title=Avantika Express to have LHB coach |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/avantika-express-to-have-lhb-coaches/story-ci7soIhok4o4oYwWgQLc8J.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=23 Nov 2016 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Service==<br />
<br />
It is a daily train and covers the distance of 829 kilometres in 12 hours 10 mins as 12961 Avantika SF Express (68&nbsp;km/h) and 13 hours 5 mins as 12962 Avantika SF Express (64&nbsp;km/h).<br />
<br />
It is one of the fastest train on this route and one of the only two trains connecting [[Mumbai Central railway station|MMCT]] to [[Indore Junction railway station|INDB]], the other one being [[Mumbai Central–Indore Duronto Express|Mumbai Indore Duronto Express]] which covers the distance of 829 kilometers in just 11 hours 15 mins (73&nbsp;km/h) due to its premium priority and less stoppages.<br />
<br />
Avantika Superfast Express is highly rated amongst its commuters and railfans due to its cleanliness, safety, and punctuality, more often than not this train usually reaches the stations before its scheduled time.<br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! colspan="4" |12961 Mumbai ⇒ Indore<br />
! colspan="4" |12962 Indore ⇒ Mumbai<br />
|-<br />
! Station code !! Station !! Arrival time !! Departure time !! Station code !! Station !! Arrival time <br />
!Departure time<br />
|-<br />
| '''MMCT'''|| '''{{rws|Mumbai Central}}'''|| – || 08:55 PM || '''INDB'''|| '''{{rws|Indore Junction}}'''|| –<br />
|05:40 PM<br />
|-<br />
|BVI<br />
|[[Borivali railway station|Borivali]]<br />
|09:21 PM<br />
|09:24 PM<br />
|DWX<br />
|[[Dewas Junction railway station|Dewas Junction]]<br />
|06:06 PM<br />
|06:08 PM<br />
|-<br />
|VAPI<br />
|[[Vapi railway station|Vapi]]<br />
|10:51 PM<br />
|10:53 PM<br />
|'''UJN'''<br />
|[[Ujjain Junction railway station|'''Ujjain Junction''']]<br />
|06:50 PM<br />
|06:55 PM<br />
|-<br />
|BL<br />
|[[Valsad railway station|Valsad]]<br />
|11:13 PM<br />
|11:15 PM<br />
|'''NAD'''<br />
|[[Nagda Junction railway station|'''Nagda Junction''']]<br />
|07:48 PM<br />
|07:50 PM<br />
|-<br />
|NVS<br />
|[[Navsari railway station|Navsari]]<br />
|11:39 PM<br />
|11:41 PM<br />
|KUH<br />
|[[Khachrod railway station|Khachrod]]<br />
|08:00 PM<br />
|08:02 PM<br />
|-<br />
|'''ST'''<br />
|[[Surat railway station|'''Surat''']]<br />
|12:22 AM<br />
|12:27 AM<br />
|'''RTM'''<br />
|[[Ratlam Junction railway station|'''Ratlam Junction''']]<br />
|08:30 PM<br />
|08:35 PM<br />
|-<br />
|AKV<br />
|[[Ankleshwar Junction railway station|Ankleshwar Junction]]<br />
|12:58 AM<br />
|01:00 AM<br />
|BMI<br />
|[[Bamnia railway station|Bamnia]]<br />
|09:13 PM<br />
|09:14 PM<br />
|-<br />
|BH<br />
|[[Bharuch Junction railway station|Bharuch Junction]]<br />
|01:10 AM<br />
|01:12 AM<br />
|THRD<br />
|[[Thandla Road railway station|Thandla Road]]<br />
|09:36 PM<br />
|09:37 PM<br />
|-<br />
|'''BRC'''<br />
|[[Vadodara Junction railway station|'''Vadodara Junction''']]<br />
|02:02 AM<br />
|02:12 AM<br />
|MGN<br />
|[[Meghnagar railway station|Meghnagar]]<br />
|09:44 PM<br />
|09:46 PM<br />
|-<br />
|GDA<br />
|[[Godhra Junction railway station|Godha Junction]]<br />
|03:13 AM<br />
|03:15 AM<br />
|DHD<br />
|[[Dahod railway station|Dahod]]<br />
|10:10 PM<br />
|10:12 PM<br />
|-<br />
|DHD<br />
|[[Dahod railway station|Dahod]]<br />
|04:01 AM<br />
|04:03 AM<br />
|GDA<br />
|[[Godhra Junction railway station|Godha Junction]]<br />
|11:35 PM<br />
|11:37 PM<br />
|-<br />
|MGN<br />
|[[Meghnagar railway station|Meghnagar]]<br />
|04:26 AM<br />
|04:28 AM<br />
|'''BRC'''<br />
|[[Vadodara Junction railway station|'''Vadodara Junction''']]<br />
|12:30 AM<br />
|12:38 AM<br />
|-<br />
|THRD<br />
|[[Thandla Road railway station|Thandla Road]]<br />
|04:38 AM<br />
|04:39 AM<br />
|BH<br />
|[[Bharuch Junction railway station|Bharuch Junction]]<br />
|01:23 AM<br />
|01:25 AM<br />
|-<br />
|BMI<br />
|[[Bamnia railway station|Bamnia]]<br />
|05:09 AM<br />
|05:10 AM<br />
|'''''—'''''<br />
|'''''—'''''<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|'''RTM'''<br />
|[[Ratlam Junction railway station|'''Ratlam Junction''']]<br />
|05:50 AM<br />
|05:55 AM<br />
|'''ST'''<br />
|[[Surat railway station|'''Surat''']]<br />
|02:29 AM<br />
|02:34 AM<br />
|-<br />
|KUH<br />
|[[Khachrod railway station|Khachrod]]<br />
|06:19 AM<br />
|06:21 AM<br />
|NVS<br />
|[[Navsari railway station|Navsari]]<br />
|02:56 AM<br />
|02:58 AM<br />
|-<br />
|'''NAD'''<br />
|[[Nagda Junction railway station|'''Nagda Junction''']]<br />
|06:38 AM<br />
|06:40 AM<br />
|BL<br />
|[[Valsad railway station|Valsad]]<br />
|03:29 AM<br />
|03:34 AM<br />
|-<br />
|'''UJN'''<br />
|[[Ujjain Junction railway station|'''Ujjain Junction''']]<br />
|07:30 AM<br />
|07:35 AM<br />
|VAPI<br />
|[[Vapi railway station|Vapi]]<br />
|03:50 AM<br />
|03:52 AM<br />
|-<br />
|DWX<br />
|[[Dewas Junction railway station|Dewas Junction]]<br />
|08:10 AM<br />
|08:12 AM<br />
|BVI<br />
|[[Borivali railway station|Borivali]]<br />
|05:38 AM<br />
|05:41 AM<br />
|-<br />
| '''INDB''' || '''{{rws|Indore Junction}}''' || 09:10 AM || – || '''MMCT''' || {{rws|Mumbai Central}} || 06:30 AM<br />
|–<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Coaches==<br />
Coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br />
In February 2019, it was upgraded to [[LHB coach]] from [[ICF coach]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:white;"| '''Loco'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:silver;"| '''1'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''2'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''3'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''4'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''5'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''6'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''7'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''8'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''9'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''10'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''11'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''12'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''13'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''14'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''15'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''16'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''17'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''18'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''19'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''20'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| '''21'''<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:silver;"| '''22'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''LOCO''' ||'''EoG'''||'''GS'''||'''GS'''||'''GS'''||'''GS'''||'''S1'''||'''S2'''||'''S3'''||'''S4'''||'''S5'''||'''S6'''||'''M1'''<br />
|'''M2'''<br />
|'''B1'''<br />
|'''B2'''<br />
|'''B3'''<br />
|'''B4'''<br />
|'''A1'''<br />
|'''A2'''<br />
|'''A3'''<br />
|'''H1'''<br />
|'''SLR'''<br />
|}<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note – The coach composition shown here is for 12961 (Mumbai to Indore).For 12962 (Indore to Mumbai) the composition will be flipped.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery mode="slideshow"><br />
File:Avantika SF Express Three Tier AC.jpg<br />
File:AVANTIKA THIRDAC.jpg|AC Coaches<br />
File:AVANTIKA SLEEPER.jpg|Sleeper Coaches<br />
File:AVANTIKA EOG.jpg|Generator Car<br />
File:12962 Avantika Express.jpg|Former nameplate of ICF rakes<br />
File:Avantika Express - Sleeper coach.jpg|Former Sleeper Coach in ICF rakes<br />
File:Avantika model.jpg|Former nameplate of ICF rakes (notice the first digit [1] added later on in different colour as the trains in IR earlier followed 4 digit numbering system)<br />
File:12961 Avantika Express.jpg|Former nameplate for ICF rakes (notice the first digit [1] added later on as the trains in IR earlier followed 4 digit numbering system)<br />
File:Avantika Express at Indore Lokmanya Nagar.jpg|Former ICF rakes being sheltered at Indore<br />
File:Avantika Exp at INDB.jpg|Former ICF rakes being backed into INDB station<br />
File:Avanti Gn.jpg|General Unreserved coach of former ICF rakes<br />
File:AC First Class Coach Indore.jpg|AC First Class coach of former ICF rakes<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Locomotive link==<br />
When Avantika Superfast was first introduced it was hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]] for the whole journey.<br />
<br />
After some time, [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-1|WCAM-1]] became its regular link from Mumbai Central till Ujjain, After Ujjain WDM-2 hauled it complete its journey to Indore.<br />
<br />
When Mumbai's WR was converted into AC current, [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] took incharge of Avantika till Ujjain. After sometime Ujjain–Indore line got electrified and WAP-4 hauled it for whole journey.<br />
<br />
After some years, Avantika SuperFast got India's fastest locomotive [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]] for its regular link.<br />
<br />
When Avantika SuperFast got upgraded into [[LHB coach]] in 2019 February, its regular link also got upgraded into [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] (usually HOG mode).<br />
<br />
*All the diesel locomotives were provided by Ratlam Loco Shed (RTM)<br />
*All the DC-traction electric locomotives were provided by [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad Loco Shed]] (BL)<br />
*All the AC-traction electric locomotives are provided by [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco She]]d (BRC)<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"><br />
File:RTM based WDM-2A loco - 16813 at Vadodara.jpg| WDM2A<br />
File:Pune bound 11095 (ADI-PUNE) Ahimsa Express.jpg| WCAM1<br />
File:BRC WAP4E ^22676 sleeping silently - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta.jpg | WAP4e<br />
File:WAP5 with Indore Pune Exp.jpg | WAP5<br />
File:BRC FORTUNE WAP7.jpg| WAP7<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/101/297/8/1 Avantika Express] India Rail Info<br />
*https://expresstrainroute.com/trains/12961-avantika-sf-express<br />
<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
<br />
{{Railways in Western India}}<br />
{{Railways in Central India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Avantika Express}}<br />
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Indore]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Ujjain]]<br />
[[Category:1985 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1985]]<br />
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahfazur_Rahman&diff=484921
Ahfazur Rahman
2026-04-29T06:46:29Z
<p>Maryslanker: Starting Initial Data From Scratch...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pakistani journalist (1942–2020)}}<br />
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ahfaz-ur-Rahman<br /><small>{{Nastaliq|احفاظُ الرّحمٰن}}</small><br />
| image = Ahfaz profile.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Ahfaz-ur-Rahman<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1942|04|04}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Jabalpur]], British India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|04|12|1942|04|04}}<br />
| death_place = [[Karachi]], Pakistan<br />
| other_names = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| occupation = Journalist<br />
}}<br />
'''Ahfaz-ur-Rahman''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq| احفاظُ الرّحمٰن}}}} ) (born 4 April 1942 – 12 April 2020), was a Pakistani journalist, writer and poet. He strived for the [[freedom of the press]] and for the rights of journalists under military dictatorships and even civilian governments.<br />
<br />
Rahman was the author of many books including some on the journalist movement against the military dictatorship of [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] in Pakistan, collections of articles on international dissidents, and collections of poetry. He also translated several books into Urdu.<ref name="Tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/639048/zinda-hai-zindagi-ahfazur-rahmans-poems-hide-messages-of-misfortunes-in-an-optimistic-title/ |title='Zinda Hai Zindagi': Ahfazur Rahman's poems hide messages of misfortunes in an optimistic title |publisher=The Express Tribune|date= 30 November 2013|accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref> He died on 12 April 2020 in Karachi, Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/humanrights/2020/04/journalist-ahfaz-ur-rahman-who-fought-three-military-dictatorships/|title=Journalist who fought 3 dictatorships passes away|date=12 April 2020|website=Samaa TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1548615|title=Renowned journalist Ahfaz ur Rahman passes away at 78|first=Imtiaz|last=Ali|date=12 April 2020|website=Dawn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/04/12/senior-journalist-ahfazur-rahman-passes-away/|title=Senior journalist Ahfazur Rahman passes away|website=Pakistan Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
===Background===<br />
[[File:Ahfaz with Faiz Ahmad Faiz.jpg|thumb|right|Rahman receiving the first prize from [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]] in an [[Indo-Pak]] Youth Essay Writing Competition on Faiz]]<br />
<br />
Rahman was born in [[Jabalpur]], [[British India]] in 1942. He along with his family migrated to Pakistan in 1947.<ref name="jang.com.pk">{{cite web|title=Dialogue, NOS, The News International|url=https://jang.com.pk/thenews/mar2008-weekly/nos-09-03-2008/dia.htm|publisher=Jang.com.pk|accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref> During his secondary education, he won prizes for his writings.<ref name="jang.com.pk"/> He was inspired by [[Sahir Ludhyanvi]], [[Krishan Chander]] and other stalwarts of the [[Progressive Writers' Movement]] since his early years. He became a student leader of the left-wing student organization, [[National Students Federation]] (NSF) and took part in 1962 and 1964 student uprisings against General [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]]'s regime.<ref name="jang.com.pk"/> In 1969, he went to work in the [[Foreign Languages Press]] in Beijing, China, during the [[Cultural Revolution]].<br />
<br />
[[File:Ahfaz farmers1.jpg|thumb|Rahman working alongside Chinese farmers in rural China, during the [[Cultural Revolution]]]]<br />
<br />
===Activism===<br />
[[File:Ahfaz police.jpg|thumb|right|Rahman on the ground during protests against the [[Pervez Musharraf|Musharraf]] regime's decision to ban media channels in 2007]]<br />
<br />
Rahman began his activism upon returning to Pakistan from China at the end of 1972. During the General Zia ul Haq's dictatorial regime, he organized the movement for the freedom of the press. He was one of the three journalists who went underground to continue the movement, and eventually also went to prison. The movement had started in 1977, when the Daily Musawaat in Karachi, a newspaper with [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) leanings, was banned by General Zia's government.<ref name="jang.com.pk"/><br />
<br />
In December 1977, journalists from all over the country came to Karachi to court arrest in batches. Rahman was the first journalist to be arrested in the first batch. From 30 April 1978 to 30 May 1978, more than 120 journalists who came from various cities to court arrest in [[Lahore]] were arrested and sent to different jails of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province. Rahman was again among the first to be arrested and sent to Camp Jail, Lahore. Later he was taken out of jail and barred from entering the Punjab province for six months.<br />
<br />
In July 1978 journalists from all corners came to Karachi for courting arrest and were sent to different jails of the Sindh province. In the meantime, Rahman went underground to organize batches consisting of journalists, workers, peasants and student volunteers for court arrest.<ref name="jang.com.pk"/><br />
<br />
After the movement ended, Rahman was blacklisted by all major newspapers and magazines. As a result, he faced economic difficulties due to a long period of unemployment. Finally in 1985, he found employment in the Foreign Language Press in Beijing China, for which he had worked sixteen years earlier.<br />
<br />
==Journalistic career==<br />
After returning to Pakistan in 1993, with the Zia era over, Rahman joined [[Daily Jang]], the largest selling Urdu newspaper in Pakistan, as the magazine editor.<br />
In 2002, he was elected unopposed President of the [[Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists]] (PFUJ), which is the sole representative body of Pakistani journalists.<br />
<br />
As the president of the PFUJ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/55804 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804153154/http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/55804 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2012 |title=Detained French journalists announce hunger strike, Pakistani journalist's whereabouts remain unknown |publisher=IFEX |accessdate=2013-06-04 }}</ref> he protested against the newspaper and media house owners for not giving the workers their due rights and for not implementing the Wage Board Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/2004/08/govt-believes-in-freedom-of-press/|title=Wage Board Award|publisher=Pakistan Press Foundation.org|accessdate=2015-07-29}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> as had been directed by the Government.<br />
He was terminated from services for his outspoken activism.<ref name="asiamedia.ucla.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-southasia.asp?parentid=9797 |title=AsiaMedia, Sunday, April 4, 2004. Pakistan: PFUJ condemns victimization |publisher=Asiamedia.ucla.edu |date=2004-04-04 |accessdate=2013-06-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322052728/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-southasia.asp?parentid=9797 |archivedate=22 March 2012 }}</ref><br />
After yet another period of unemployment, Rahman found a job in the Urdu newspaper [[Daily Express (Urdu newspaper)|Daily Express]]. He also wrote a weekly column that appeared on Sundays in Daily Express, titled "Black and White" (''Syaah o Safaid'').<br />
In November 2007, Rahman was among the first journalists to be arrested<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pakistanmartiallaw.blogspot.ch/2007_11_21_archive.html |title=Emergency Times|work=pakistanmartiallaw.blogspot.ch/|accessdate=2015-07-29}}</ref> during the protests against the [[Pervez Musharraf|Musharraf]] government's decision to ban several media channels.<br />
Rahman worked to "revitalize" the [[Karachi Press Club]] and "condemned the opportunist elements that were bent upon de-politicizing the vibrant club".<br />
<br />
In February 2008, in what was a first in the history of Pakistani literature, four of his newly published books were launched at Arts Council Karachi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/290571/karachi-writer-says-imperialism-country |title=Writer Says Imperialism Country's Biggest Threat|work=Dawn|date= 23 February 2008|access-date=2015-07-29}}</ref> on the same day in a well-attended ceremony that attracted people, including poets, writers, journalists, trade unionists and activists.<br />
<br />
At the sixth International Urdu Conference that took place at the [[Karachi Arts Council]] in November 2013, a new collection of Rahman's poetry, titled ''Zinda Hai Zindagi'' ("Life, it is alive!") was launched. Leading poet and feminist [[Fehmida Riaz]] spoke on the occasion and said, "His poetry is an engaging account of our collective yearnings for what this nation has yet to achieve." [[Zahida Hina]] and Shamim Hanfi also spoke on the occasion, about Rahman's literary works.<ref name="Tribune.com.pk"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-216882-Bold-writings-will-help-reduce-acts-of- |title=Bold writings will help reduce acts of terrorism, says Qaim |publisher=The News International|accessdate=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129045753/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-216882-Bold-writings-will-help-reduce-acts-of- |archivedate=29 November 2013 }}</ref> Senior writer and [[Man Booker International Prize]] nominee for 2013, [[Intizar Hussain]] in his review of the collection, opined that through his poetry Rahman is "searching for hope amid despair".<ref name="dawn_intizar">{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1058489 |title=Books and Authors, Dawn |work=Dawn|date= 25 November 2013|accessdate=2013-12-02}}</ref><br />
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[File:Ahfaz launch.jpg|thumb|Rahman on the occasion of launch of his books at Karachi Arts Council. From left to right, Hasan Zaheer, Prof. Sahar Ansaari, Ahfaz-ur-Rahman, Muhammad Ahmad Shah, Jamiluddin Aali, [[Muhammad Ali Siddiqui|Dr. Muhammad Ali Siddiqi]], Dr Jaffer Ahmad and Zahida Hina]] --><br />
<br />
In 2015, Rahman wrote and compiled a book about the historic press freedom movement against the Zia-ul-Haq dictatorship. The book launching event was attended by the intellectual "creme de la creme" of Karachi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1182362 |title='Say Say Bari Jang Launched: Dawn |work=Dawn|date= 17 May 2015|accessdate=2015-07-29}}</ref> The book chronicles the movement for the freedom of the press by journalists in 1977-78 when journalists were incarcerated and flogged for their struggle for freedom of the press and unhindered information by then-president General Zia ul Haq and his coterie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-318656-A-book-that-looks-back-at-a-pernicious-era |title='A book that looks back at a pernicious era: The News|publisher=news.com.pk|accessdate=2015-07-29}}</ref> Writing in Dawn's "Books and Authors", noted journalist Muhammad Ali Siddiqi, said that "the book is an important addition to the meagre literature available on the fourth estate in Pakistan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1212171/review-in-the-name-of-freedomahfazur-rahmans-sub-se-barri-jang |title=In the Name of Freedom, AhfazurRahman's Sab Say Bari Jang: Dawn|work=Dawn|date= 11 October 2015|accessdate=2016-01-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
===In newspapers as===<br />
* Group Magazine Editor, Express 2005–2018 <br />
* Executive Editor Daily Amn, 2004–2005<br />
* Group Magazine Editor, Daily Jang 1993–2003<br />
<br />
===Professional trade unionism===<br />
* Member Executive Council National Students Federation (NSF), Pakistan<br />
<br />
==Memorial Award==<br />
In 2022 the Rahman family in collaboration with the Ahfaz ur Rahman Award Organizing Committee and the Karachi Arts Council, created the Ahfaz ur Rahman Award for Courage and Freedom of Expression. The list of [https://www.ahfazonline.com/ahfaz-ur-rahman-award/award-jury/ jury members] comprises distinguished intellectuals and activists, who will decide on the awardees each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1682460 |title='Ahfaz ur Rahman Award Tomorrow'|date=30 March 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2022, the lifetime achievement award was presented to Mr. [[Amar Jaleel]], the writer and journalist for his writings in Sindhi, Urdu and English. The contemporary award was presented to the journalist Ms. [[Asma Shirazi]] who has garnered a justly honorable reputation for her principled reporting and analysis amid a unscrupulous attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1682913 |title='Journalists Amar Jalil, Asma Shirazi get Ahfaz-ur-Rehman Awards'|date=2 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/946284-amar-jalil-asma-shirazi-honoured-over-courageous-journalism |title='Amar Jalil, Asma Shirazi honoured over courageous journalism'}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.journalismpakistan.com/ahfaz-ur-rahman-courageous-journalism-awards-for-asma-shirazi-amar-jalil |title='Ahfaz-ur-Rahman courageous journalism awards for Asma Shirazi, Amar Jalil'}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Selected bibliography==<br />
'''Poetry'''<br />
* Zinda Hai Zindagi, a collection of poems <ref name="dawn_intizar"/><br />
<br />
'''Journalism'''<br />
* Jang Jari Rahegi, a collection or newspaper articles broadly on anti-imperialist and anti-war themes, including profile pieces on John Lennon, Bob Dylan, Justice Kiyani etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xklsv.org/viewwiki.php?title=Ahfaz-ur-Rahman|title=Suppressed voices: Jang Jari Rahegi|work=xklsv.org/|accessdate=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427111648/http://www.xklsv.org/viewwiki.php?title=Ahfaz-ur-Rahman|archive-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
'''Historical'''<br />
* Sab Say Bari Jang: A book about 1977-78 movement for Press Freedom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/887994/suppressed-voices-remembering-the-struggle-of-journalists-in-1977/ |title=Suppressed voices: Remembering the struggle of journalists in 1977|publisher=The Express Tribune|date= 18 May 2015|accessdate=2015-07-29}}</ref> <br />
'''Original Urdu Work'''<br />
* 30 short stories in literary magazines<ref name="jang.com.pk"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*[[List of Pakistani journalists]]<br />
*[[List of Pakistani poets]]<br />
*[[List of Pakistani writers]]<br />
*[[List of Urdu poets]]<br />
*[[List of Urdu writers]]<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{commons category|Ahfaz-ur-Rahman}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Ahfaz Ur}}<br />
[[Category:Activist journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese–Urdu translators]]<br />
[[Category:Muhajir people]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in China]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani male journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani translators]]<br />
[[Category:2020 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1942 births]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani poets]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Karachi]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani socialists]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani Marxists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jabalpur]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani columnists]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani newspaper editors]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani trade unionists]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani human rights activists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani poets]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners and detainees]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani male poets]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Oraon&diff=535967
Simon Oraon
2026-04-28T12:52:09Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Simon Oraon<br />
| image = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Simon Oraon, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 12, 2016.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 250px<br />
| caption = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Simon Oraon, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 12, 2016<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = Khaksi Toli, [[Jharkhand]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| othername = ''Waterman''<br>Simon Baba<br />
| occupation = Environmentalist<br>Social worker<br />
| yearsactive = Since 1961<br />
| known for = Environmental efforts<br />
| spouse = <br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| website = <br />
| signature = <br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br>Prime Minister’s Rural Development Fellow<br />
}}<br />
'''Simon Oraon Minj''', popularly known as the '''Waterman of Jharkhand''' in the media and '''Simon Baba''' among his villagers, is an Indian environmentalist and social worker, who is known to have worked to combat drought in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="Jharkhand’s waterman gets Padma Shri for waging war against drought">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jharkhand-s-waterman-gets-padma-shri-for-waging-war-against-drought/story-7PgYljQmbDBeahSVg4gjrJ.html | title=Jharkhand’s waterman gets Padma Shri for waging war against drought | publisher=Hindustan Times | date=26 January 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> His efforts have been reported behind the construction of five irrigation reservoirs as well as an environmental project which included mass tree plantation and digging of wells and ponds in the [[Bero Block]] near [[Ranchi]], covering 51 villages.<ref name="Jharkhand's octogenarian water warrior">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/jharkhands-octogenarian-water-warrior | title=Jharkhand's octogenarian water warrior | publisher=India Water Portal | date=28 February 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2016, for his contributions to society.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards_25012016.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=3 January 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085913/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards_25012016.pdf | archivedate=3 August 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Simon Oraon was born in Khaksi Toli village, a small village under the [[Bero Block]], around 35 km away from [[Ranchi]],<ref name="Meet the Waterman from Jharkhand">{{cite web | url=http://www.holdsomedetail.com/meet-the-waterman-from-jharkhand-simon-oraon/ | title=Meet the Waterman from Jharkhand | publisher=Holdsome Detail | date=3 April 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> in a catholic farmer's family<ref name="Indian octogenarian honored for preserving the environment">{{cite web | url=http://www.ucanews.com/news/indian-octogenarian-honored-for-preserving-the-environment/75776 | title=Indian octogenarian honored for preserving the environment | publisher=UCA News | date=15 April 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> and had school education only up to class IV.<ref name="A 73-year-old who saves rainwater and jungles">{{cite web | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-73yearold--who-saves-rainwater-and-jungles/719667/ | title=A 73-year-old who saves rainwater and jungles | publisher=Indian Express | date=3 December 2010 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Work ==<br />
Simon's villagers relied heavily on rainwater for their agriculture and did farming only for a limited period every year due to scarcity of water. This is known to have prompted Oraon in building a reservoir at the footsteps of the nearby hills which he did with the assistance of his fellow villagers in 1961. Though the initial attempt and the subsequent attempt the next year did not last long, the third dam, built with the help of local authorities survived and is providing irrigation assistance to the village to the day. This was followed by two more dams at Deshbali and [[Jharia]] and several ponds in the neighbouring villages of Hariharpur, Jamtoli, Khaksitoli, Baitoli and Bhasnanda.<ref name="Simon Baba is still continuing his life-long struggle to conserve jungles of Jharkhand">{{cite web | url=https://pmrdfellows.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/simon-baba-is-still-continuing-his-life-long-struggle-to-conserve-jungles-of-jharkhand/ | title=Simon Baba is still continuing his life-long struggle to conserve jungles of Jharkhand | publisher=PMRD Fellows | date=2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> In all, he helped construct five check dams in the region.<ref name="PantVerma2010">{{cite book|author1=Niranjan Pant|author2=R. K. Verma|title=Tanks in Eastern India: a study in exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&pg=PA53|year=2010|publisher=IWMI|isbn=978-92-9090-731-2|pages=53–}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1964, the villagers elected him as the ''Parha Raja'' (Chief of the tribe) and he initiated the social forestry program at his ancestral property which he continues, planting 1000 trees every year, to prevent [[soil erosion]] and depletion of water resources.<ref name="Simon Baba is still continuing his life-long struggle to conserve jungles of Jharkhand" /> He formed a 25-member village committee with the representation of all the nearby villages which administers the forestry drive. He also heads the people's movement which fights against deforestation and illegal felling of trees. His efforts are reported to have assisted in the cultivation of over 2000 acres of land, producing three crops a year and yielding 20,000&nbsp;mt of vegetables annually.<ref name="Power Of Traditional Knowledge">{{cite web | url=https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/power-of-traditional-knowledge-jharkhands-84-year-old-waterman-ensures-year-round-water-in-51-villages/ | title=Power Of Traditional Knowledge | publisher=The Logical Indian | date=28 February 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> He served as the ''Prime Minister's Rural Development Fellow'' during 2012–14.<ref name="Simon Baba is still continuing his life-long struggle to conserve jungles of Jharkhand" /> The Government of India honored him with the civilian award of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016.<ref name="How Jharkhand’s Waterman Is Ensuring All Year Water Supply in 51 Villages & Bringing Back the Forest">{{cite web | url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/49868/jharkhand-waterman-simon-oraon-afforestation-baba-khaksi-toli-ranchi/ | title=How Jharkhand’s Waterman Is Ensuring All Year Water Supply in 51 Villages & Bringing Back the Forest | publisher=The Better India | date=29 March 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="India honours elderly Catholic for preserving environment">{{cite web | url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/04/18/india_honours_elderly_catholic_for_preserving_environment/1223755 | title=India honours elderly Catholic for preserving environment | publisher=Vatican Radio | date=18 April 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of people from Jharkhand]]<br />
{{portal|India}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpWfD75OE60 | title=Padamshree Simon Oraon - Interview | publisher=Ruben Minj | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=6 May 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0k0dYT-4Go | title=Padamshree Simon Oraon - Public address | publisher=UCA News | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=20 May 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://www.indiatomorrow.net/eng/i-would-not-accept-padma-award-if-govt-doesnt-take-up-farmers-cause-simon-oraon | title=I would not accept Padma award if govt. doesn't take up farmers' cause: Simon Oraon | publisher=India Tomorrow | work=News report | date=31 January 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/change-your-habits-to-save-nature-and-self-simon-oraon.html | title=Change your habits to save nature and self: Simon Oraon | publisher=Daily Pioneer | work=News report | date=19 April 2016 | accessdate=4 August 2016}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oraon, Simon}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian social workers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian agriculturalists]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_cricket_team_in_India_in_1999%E2%80%932000&diff=536807
South African cricket team in India in 1999–2000
2026-04-25T17:55:35Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|none}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use South African English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox cricket tour<br />
| series_name = South Africa cricket team in India in 1999–2000<br />
| team2_image = Flag of South Africa.svg<br />
| team2_name = South Africa<br />
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg<br />
| team1_name = India<br />
| from_date = 19 February<br />
| to_date = 19 March 2000<br />
| team2_captain = [[Hansie Cronje]]<br />
| team1_captain = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Tests) <br> [[Sourav Ganguly]] (ODIs)<br />
| no_of_tests = 2<br />
| team2_tests_won = 2<br />
| team1_tests_won = 0<br />
| team2_tests_most_runs = {{nowrap|[[Gary Kirsten]] (149)}}<br />
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (146)<br />
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Shaun Pollock]] (9)<br />
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Anil Kumble]] (12)<br />
| player_of_test_series = [[Jacques Kallis]] (SA)<br />
| no_of_ODIs = 5<br />
| team1_ODIs_won = 3<br />
| team2_ODIs_won = 2<br />
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Sourav Ganguly]] (285)<br />
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Gary Kirsten]] (281)<br />
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = {{nowrap|[[Sunil Joshi]] (8)}}<br />
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Shaun Pollock]] (6)<br />
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The [[South Africa national cricket team]] visited India in 2000 for a two-match Test series and a five-match ODI series.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61857.html?template=fixtures Tournament Fixtures]</ref> The Test teams were led by [[Hansie Cronje]] and [[Sachin Tendulkar]] respectively for South Africa and India, while the latter's ODI side was led by [[Sourav Ganguly]]. South Africa won the Test series 2–0, while India took the ODI series by a 3–2 margin. The ODI series was later marred by a dramatic match fixing scandal.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/61857.html Result Summary]</ref> It was the first time that a visiting Test team had won in India for thirteen years, and the last Test matches to be played by Cronje.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149231.html |title=Shane's shame |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Squads==<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
{| name="squads" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse;width:80%;margin:auto;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ffd8c1; border:1px solid #000;" colspan="2"|Test squads<br />
! style="background:#ffd8c1; border:1px solid #000;" colspan="2"|ODI squads<br />
|- style="background:#efefef;"<br />
! style="border:1px solid #000; width:16%;"|'''{{cr|IND}}'''<br />
! style="border:1px solid #000; width:16%;"|'''{{cr|RSA}}'''<br />
! style="border:1px solid #000; width:16%;"|'''{{cr|IND}}'''<br />
! style="border:1px solid #000; width:16%;"|'''{{cr|RSA}}'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (c)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Hansie Cronje]] (c)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Hansie Cronje]] (c)<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Rahul Dravid]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Gary Kirsten]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sourav Ganguly]] (c)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Gary Kirsten]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Jacques Kallis]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Rahul Dravid]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Jacques Kallis]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sourav Ganguly]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Lance Klusener]] <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Ajay Jadeja]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Lance Klusener]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Wasim Jaffer]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Mark Boucher]] (w/k)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Robin Singh (cricketer, born 1963)|Robin Singh]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Herschelle Gibbs]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Javagal Srinath]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nicky Boje]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sunil Joshi]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nicky Boje]] <br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nayan Mongia]] (w/k)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Herschelle Gibbs]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Mark Boucher]] (w/k)<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Anil Kumble]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Daryll Cullinan]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sridharan Sriram]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Dale Benkenstein]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Ajay Jadeja]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Allan Donald]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nikhil Chopra]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Derek Crookes]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Mohammad Kaif]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Shaun Pollock]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Javagal Srinath]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Shaun Pollock]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[VVS Laxman]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Pieter Strydom]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Saba Karim]] (w/k)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Neil McKenzie]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Murali Kartik]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Clive Eksteen]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Anil Kumble]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Pieter Strydom]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nikhil Chopra]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nantie Hayward]] <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Venkatesh Prasad]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Steve Elworthy]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Ajit Agarkar]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Ajit Agarkar]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Nantie Hayward]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| <br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Sameer Dighe]] (w/k)<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[Henry Williams (cricketer)|Henry Williams]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"| [[T Kumaran]]<br />
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Tour match ==<br />
{{Two-innings cricket match<br />
| date = 19–21 February 2000<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA|name=South Africans}}<br />
| team2 = [[Board President's XI (India)|Indian Board President's XI]]<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 293/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (91 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 56 (79)<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/88 (24 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 172 (53.2 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 38 (44)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Nantie Hayward]] 4/68 (17 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = 207/5d (63 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Pieter Strydom]] 63[[not out|*]] (114)<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Debashish Mohanty]] 2/30 (12 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns2 = 181/8 (65 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 47 (106)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Clive Eksteen]] 5/79 (28 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = Match drawn<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/87475.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
| umpires = K. Murali and [[Sundaram Ravi]]<br />
| motm = <br />
| toss = South Africans won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| rain = <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Test series==<br />
<br />
===1st Test===<br />
{{Test match |<br />
| date = 24–28 February 2000<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns1 = 225 (79.2 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 97 (163)<br />
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 3/30 (16 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns1 = 176 (64 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 50 (139)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 3/10 (5 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team1-inns2 = 113 (50.2 overs)<br />
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 37 (127)<br />
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 4/24 (12.2 overs)<br />
<br />
| score-team2-inns2 = 164/6 (63 overs)<br />
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Herschelle Gibbs]] 46 (75)<br />
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Anil Kumble]] 4/56 (28 overs)<br />
<br />
| result = South Africa won by 4 wickets<br />
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
| umpires = [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng) and [[S. Venkataraghavan]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63870.html Scorecard]<br />
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| notes = [[Wasim Jaffer]] and [[Murali Kartik]] (both Ind), and [[Nicky Boje]] (SA) made their Test debut.<br />
*''[[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng) officiated his 50th Test.''<ref name="1stTest">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Rajneesh |title=Ist Test: India v South Africa, Statistical highlights |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23237548 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 May 2020 |language=en |date=28 February 2000}}</ref><br />
*''[[Nayan Mongia]] became the third India wicket-keeper to complete 100 dismissals in Tests.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rajneesh |title=Mongia completes the double |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23237364 |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=28 February 2000 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*''[[Ajit Agarkar]] and [[Murali Kartik]]'s 52-run partnership in the first innings was India's against South Africa for that wicket in Tests.''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
*''[[Hansie Cronje]] was dismissed for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]] for the eighth time in Tests, the most for any captain.''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
*''[[Javagal Srinath]] became the first Indian bowler to claim 50 wickets against South Africa in Tests.''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
*''[[Anil Kumble]] surpassed [[Kapil Dev]] to become the bowler with most wickets in India in Tests (104).''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
*''[[Jacques Kallis]] (SA) passed 2,000 runs in Tests.''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
*''This was India's narrowest defeat in Tests at home, in terms of wickets (4).''<ref name="1stTest"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
===2nd Test===<br />
{{Test match<br />
|date = 2–6 March 2000<br />
|team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
|team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br />
<br />
|score-team1-inns1 = 158 (82.3 overs)<br />
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 36 (93)<br />
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Nicky Boje]] 2/10 (15 overs)<br />
<br />
|score-team2-inns1 = 479 (191.4 overs)<br />
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Lance Klusener]] 97 (169)<br />
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 6/143 (68.4 overs)<br />
<br />
|score-team1-inns2 = 250 (101 overs)<br />
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] 102 (170)<br />
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Nicky Boje]] 5/83 (38 overs)<br />
<br />
|score-team2-inns2 = <br />
|runs-team2-inns2 =<br />
|wickets-team2-inns2 =<br />
<br />
|result = South Africa won by an innings and 71 runs<br />
|venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]<br />
|umpires = [[Russell Tiffin]] (Zim) and [[Arani Jayaprakash]] (Ind)<br />
|motm = [[Nicky Boje]] (SA)<br />
|report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63871.html Scorecard]<br />
|toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
|notes = [[Nikhil Chopra]] and [[Mohammad Kaif]] (both Ind) made their Test debut.<br />
*''[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind) surpassed [[Javed Miandad]] (Pak) to become the youngest player to reach 6,000 runs in Tests (26 years, 313 days).''<ref name="2ndTest">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Rajneesh |title=Statistical Highlights: 2nd Test, India v South Africa |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23232726 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 May 2020 |language=en |date=8 March 2000}}</ref><br />
*''[[Gary Kirsten]] became the first South Africa player to reach 4,000 runs in Tests.''<ref name="2ndTest"/><br />
*''[[Mohammad Azharuddin]] (Ind) played his last Test. His century meant, as of 2020, he is among only five players to have scored hundreds in their first and final Tests.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Centuries in debut & farewell Tests: Alastair Cook fifth batsman to achieve rare feat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-england/centuries-in-debut-farewell-tests-alastair-cook-fifth-batsman-to-achieve-rare-feat/articleshow/65755166.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 May 2020 |date=10 September 2018}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==ODI series==<br />
<br />
===1st ODI===<br />
{{Limited overs international<br />
| date = 9 March<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}<br />
| score1 = 301/3 (50 overs)<br />
| score2 = 302/7 (49.2 overs)<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
| runs1 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 115 (123)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 2/43 (9 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Ajay Jadeja]] 92 (109)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Hansie Cronje]] 2/48 (8 overs)<br />
| result = India won by 3 wickets<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64657.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Kochi]]<br />
| umpires = [[M. R. Singh]] (Ind) and [[Rangachari Vijayaraghavan]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Ajay Jadeja]] (Ind)<br />
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| notes = [[Sourav Ganguly]] captained the Indian team for the first time.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===2nd ODI===<br />
{{Limited overs international<br />
| date = 12 March<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}<br />
| score1 = 199 (47.2 overs)<br />
| score2 = 203/4 (47.1 overs)<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
| runs1 = [[Hansie Cronje]] 71 (86)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 4/38 (10 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 105[[not out|*]] (139)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 1/25 (8 overs)<br />
| result = India won by 6 wickets<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64658.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]<br />
| umpires = [[Jasbir Singh (cricketer)|Jasbir Singh]] (Ind) and [[C. R. Mohite]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Sourav Ganguly]] (Ind)<br />
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| notes = This was India's first win in six ODIs played at this venue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Second One-Day International, India v South Africa, 1999-2000 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153764.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |work=Wisden |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
===3rd ODI===<br />
{{Limited overs international<br />
| date = 15 March<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}<br />
| score1 = 248/8 (50 overs)<br />
| score2 = 251/8 (48 overs)<br />
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}<br />
| runs1 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 73 (109)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 2/37 (10 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 93 (111)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 4/56 (10 overs)<br />
| result = South Africa won by 2 wickets<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64659.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Nahar Singh Stadium]], [[Faridabad]]<br />
| umpires = [[Vijay Chopra]] (Ind) and [[T. R. Kashyappan]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Hansie Cronje]] (SA)<br />
| rain =<br />
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to field.<br />
| notes = This was [[T. R. Kashyappan]]'s first ODI as an umpire.<br />
*''South Africa were set a target of 249 in 49 overs; they were fined one over due to slow [[over rate]].''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===4th ODI===<br />
{{Limited overs international<br />
| date = 17 March<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}<br />
| score1 = 282/5 (50 overs)<br />
| score2 = 283/6 (49.5 overs)<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
| runs1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 81 (106)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 2/69 (10 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 122 (138)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 2/54 (9 overs)<br />
| result = India won by 4 wickets<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64660.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[IPCL Sports Complex Ground]], [[Vadodara]]<br />
| umpires = [[Krishna Hariharan]] (Ind) and [[Ivaturi Shivram]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)<br />
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| notes = [[Gary Kirsten]] (SA) completed 1,000 ODI runs against India.<ref name="4thODI">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Rajneesh |title=Statistical highlights - India v South Africa 4th One Day International |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/90420.html |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 May 2020 |page=18 March 2000 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*''[[Sourav Ganguly]] and [[Sachin Tendulkar]]'s partnership of 153 runs was India's highest against South Africa for the first wicket,<ref name="4thODI"/> before the same pair surpassed it in 2001 (193).<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnership records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;opposition=3;orderby=fow_score;partnership_wicketmax1=1;partnership_wicketval1=partnership_wicket;team=6;template=results;type=fow;view=innings |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref>''<br />
*''Sachin Tendulkar scored his 25th ODI century.''<ref name="4thODI"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
===5th ODI===<br />
{{Limited overs international<br />
| date = 19 March<br />
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}<br />
| score1 = 320/7 (50 overs)<br />
| score2 = 310 (48.5 overs)<br />
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}<br />
| runs1 = [[Lance Klusener]] 75 (58)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 2/61 (10 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 93 (89)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Lance Klusener]] 3/59 (9 overs)<br />
| result = South Africa won by 10 runs<br />
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64661.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]<br />
| umpires = [[S. K. Bansal]] (Ind) and [[Francis Gomes]] (Ind)<br />
| motm = [[Lance Klusener]] (SA)<br />
| toss = India won the toss and chose to field.<br />
| notes = [[Sridharan Sriram]] (Ind) made his ODI debut.<br />
*[[Herschelle Gibbs]] scored the fastest half-century by a South Africa batsman in ODIs (30 balls).<ref name="5thODI">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Rajneesh |title=Statistical highlights - India v South Africa 5th One Day International |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/90436.html |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312004038/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/90436.html |archive-date=12 March 2011 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*''[[Mark Boucher]]'s 68 was the highest individual score by a South Africa wicket-keeper in ODIs, surpassing [[Dave Richardson (South African cricketer)|Dave Richardson]]'s 53.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''[[Lance Klusener]]'s 75 was the highest by any South Africa player batting at number eight, surpassing [[Shaun Pollock]]'s 66, and highest against India.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''Lance Klusener passed 2,000 runs in ODIs. He also became the second South Africa player to complete the double of 2,000 runs and 100 wickets in ODIs.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''[[Mark Boucher]] and Lance Klusener's partnership of 114 runs was the highest for the 7th wicket for South Africa and by any team against India for that wicket in ODIs.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind) became the second batsman to complete 9,000 runs, and third to complete 1,000 runs against South Africa in ODIs.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''Sachin Tendulkar and [[Rahul Dravid]]'s partnership of 180 runs was the highest for second wicket against South Africa by any side.''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
*''This was India's highest total against South Africa in ODIs (310).''<ref name="5thODI"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[South Africa cricket match fixing]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/15711/south-africa-tour-of-india Tour home] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]<br />
<br />
{{International cricket tours of India}}<br />
{{International cricket in 1999–2000}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:South African Cricket Team In India In 1999-2000}}<br />
[[Category:2000 in Indian cricket]]<br />
[[Category:2000 in South African cricket]]<br />
[[Category:South African cricket tours of India|1999-2000]]<br />
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1997–98 to 2000]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panjab_Singh&diff=524202
Panjab Singh
2026-04-24T19:20:55Z
<p>Maryslanker: put up new bio more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Chancellor of RLB-CAU, former VC of BHU}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Chancellor of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University<br />
| order =<br />
| image = Dr._Panjab_Singh.jpg<br />
| office1 = Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University<br />
| order1 = 23rd<br />
| term_start1 = 3 May 2005<br />
| term_end1 = 7 May 2008<br />
| appointer1 = [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Patcha Ramachandra Rao]]<br />
| successor1 = [[D. P. Singh (naturalist)|D.P. Singh]]<br />
| term_start = 2015<br />
| image_size = 120 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Panjab Singh''' is the first and incumbent [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of [[Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University]], and the president of Foundation for Advancement of Agriculture and Rural development (FAARD Foundation).<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2017-01-02|title=Panjab Singh takes charge as new NAAS president|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/panjab-singh-takes-charge-as-new-naas-president-117010200864_1.html|access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FAARD|url=http://faard.org/president/|access-date=2022-02-23|language=en}}</ref> He has previously served as the 23rd [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]] (2005-2008),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University|url=https://www.rlbcau.ac.in/chancellor.php|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.rlbcau.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CENTRAL OFFICE COMPLEX|url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/administ1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523190823/http://www.bhu.ac.in/administ1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2006|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.bhu.ac.in}}</ref> and president [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] (2017-2019).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Panjab Singh|url=http://naas.org.in/detail.php?id=512|website=[[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2017-01-02|title=Panjab Singh takes charge as new NAAS president|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/panjab-singh-takes-charge-as-new-naas-president-117010200864_1.html|access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[List of vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University|List of Vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]<br />
* [[Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Panjab}}<br />
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University]]<br />
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]<br />
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitaram_Yadav_(politician,_born_1946)&diff=536265
Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)
2026-04-21T12:34:05Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Sitaram Yadav<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|1|5|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Sitamarhi]], [[Bihar]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office1 = [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term1 = 1990-1994<br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament]] [[12th Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Sitamarhi]]<br />
| term2 = 1998-1999<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Nawal Kishore Rai]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Nawal Kishore Rai]]<br />
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament]] [[14th Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency3 = [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Sitamarhi]]<br />
| term_start3 = 2004-2009<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Nawal Kishore Rai]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Arjun Roy]]<br />
| salary = <br />
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = 25 September<br />
| year = 2006<br />
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=3953 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sitaram Yadav''' (born 5 January 1946) is an Indian politician who was a member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] of [[India]]. He represented the [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Sitamarhi]] constituency of [[Bihar]] as a member of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD) political party.<br />
<br />
In January 2021, he joined [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] in presence of [[Bhupendra Yadav]] and Bihar state BJP president [[Sanjay Jaiswal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RJD ex-MP Sitaram Yadav, some other oppn leaders join BJP|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rjd-ex-mp-sitaram-yadav-some-other-oppn-leaders-join-bjp-7164753/|access-date=2021-07-18|website= Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Yadav was born in [[Sitamarhi]], [[Bihar]], India to Raghunandan Gope and Sundarwati Devi.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} He is the first in a family of five sons. He received bachelor's degrees in Law and Education from [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University|Bihar University]], [[Muzaffarpur]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} After graduation, he found employment as a teacher in a Madhubani middle school.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Early in his political career, Yadav served as Mukhiya of the Nayatol Panchayat and as Block Parmukh of Nanpur block.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from the [[Pupri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pupri]] constituency in 1990 for the Janta Dal party and was re-elected in 1995.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
He was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Sitamarhi constituency in Bihar as a candidate of RJD in 1998.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
He returned to state politics in 2000 to be elected to the Pupri constituency for the third time. He was sworn in as Cabinet Minister for Information, Press and Public Relations on 4 April 2000 under the [[Rabri Devi]] government.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
He was re-elected to Lok Sabha from the Sitamarhi constituency as a candidate of RJD in 2004.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060506142750/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/homepage.asp?mpsno=3953 Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Sitaram}}<br />
[[Category:1946 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]<br />
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:People from Sitamarhi district]]<br />
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Dal politicians]]<br />
<br />
{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramesh_Chandra_Behera&diff=529247
Ramesh Chandra Behera
2026-04-20T09:33:18Z
<p>Maryslanker: put up initial post basic info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Ramesh Chandra Behera<br />
| birth_name =<br />
| caption = <br />
| image = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]]<br />
| term_start = 4 June 2024<br />
| predecessor = Ramesh Chandra Behera<br />
| constituency1 = <br />
| term1 = <br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| office2 = <br />
| constituency2 = <br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
| successor2 = <br />
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]<br />
| other_party = <br />
| website = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ramesh Chandra Behera''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]] as a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramesh Chandra Behera Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=439 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Daspalla Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Ramesh Chandra Behera of BJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/daspalla-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916830.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Elections 2024: Daspalla Constituency result |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/odisha/odisha-assembly-elections-2024-daspalla-constituency-result-3009745 |website=Deccan Herald |publisher=DH Web Desk |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Election Result 2024: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/odisha-assembly-election-result-2024-full-list-of-winners/3511557/ |website=Financial Express |publisher=India News Desk |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Full list of Odisha Assembly elections 2024 winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-odisha-assembly-elections-2024-winners-9365903/ |website=The Indian Express |publisher=Express Web Desk |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Ramesh Chandra}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malay_Roy_Choudhury&diff=515365
Malay Roy Choudhury
2026-04-19T19:05:19Z
<p>Maryslanker: Made a article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian writer and poet (1939–2023)}}<br />
{{multiple issues|<br />
{{more citations needed|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{citation style|date=October 2012}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Malay Roy Choudhury<br />
| image = Malay Roychoudhury in Holland.JPG<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Roy Choudhury in [[Amsterdam]], 2009<br />
| native_name = মলয় রায়চৌধুরী<br />
| native_name_lang = bn<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1939|10|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar Province]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2023|10|26|1939|10|29}}<br />
| death_place = [[British India]]n (1939–1947)<br>Indian (1947–2023)<br />
| other_names = <br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Poet, writer and journalist<br />
| years_active = (1961–2023)<br />
| known_for = <br />
| notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works" --><br />
| movement = [[Postmodernism]] and [[Hungryalism]]<br />
| spouse = Shalila Roy Choudhury<br />
| children = {{plainlist|<br />
* Anushree Prashant (daughter)<br />
* Jitendra (son)<br />
}}<br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = Amita (1916–1982)<br />
| father = Ranjit Roy Choudhury (1909–1991)<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury]] (grandfather)<br />
* [[Samir Roychoudhury]] (brother)<br />
}}<br />
| family = [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]]<br />
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2003; refused)<br />
| signature = মলয় রায়চৌধুরীর স্বাক্ষর.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Malay Roy Choudhury''' (29 October 1939 – 26 October 2023) was an Indian [[Bengal]]i poet, playwright, short story writer, essayist and novelist who founded the [[Hungry generation|Hungryalist movement]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roychoudhury |first=Malay |title=Interview with Malay Roychoudhury |url=https://www.academia.edu/36190875}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Malay Roy Choudhury was born in [[Patna]], Bihar, India, into the [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] clan, which owned the villages that became [[Kolkata]]. He grew up in Patna's Imlitala ghetto, which was mainly inhabited by [[Dalit]] Hindus and [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]]. His was the only Bengali family. His father, Ranjit Roy Choudhury (1909–1991) was a photographer in Patna; his mother, Amita (1916–1982), was from a progressive family of the 19th-century [[Bengali Renaissance]]. His grandfather, [[Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury]], was a photographer in Kolkata who had been trained by [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s father, the curator of the [[Lahore Museum]].<br />
<br />
At the age of three, Roy Choudhury was admitted to a local Catholic school, and later, he was sent to the Rammohan Roy Seminary [[Oriental Seminary]]. The school was administered by the [[Brahmo Samaj]] movement, a [[Monotheism|monotheistic religion]] founded in 1830 in Kolkata by Ram Mohun Roy, who aimed to purify [[Hinduism]] and recover the simple worship of the [[Vedas]]. There, Roy Choudhury met student-cum-librarian Namita Chakraborty, who introduced him to [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]] and [[Bengali literature|Bengali]] classics. All religious activities were banned at the school, and Roy Choudhury has said that his childhood experience made him instinctively [[Secularity|secular]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Malay Roychoudhury, Poet of Hungryalism {{!}} City Lights Booksellers & Publishers |url=https://citylights.com/interview-with-malay-roychoudhury-poet-of-hungryalism/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maitreyee B Chowdhury |title=The Hungry Man: Malay Roychoudhury |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/culture-society/the-hungry-man-malay-roychoudhury-news-327012 |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Hungryalist movement ==<br />
{{main|Hungryalism}}<br />
The Hungryalist movement was initially led by Malay; his brother, [[Samir Roychoudhury]]; [[Shakti Chattopadhyay]]; and Haradhon Dhara, known by his pseudonym [[Debi Roy]]. Thirty more poets and artists subsequently joined them, the best-known being [[Rajkamal Chaudhary]], [[Binoy Majumdar]], Utpal Kumar Basu, [[Falguni Roy]], [[Subimal Basak]], [[Tridib Mitra]], [[Rabindra Guha]], and [[Anil Karanjai]]. The movement's English name was derived from [[Geoffrey Chaucer]]'s line "in the sowre hungry tyme", and its philosophy was based on [[Oswald Spengler]]'s "[[The Decline of the West]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=H |first=Sara |date=2021-06-08 |title=The Rebel Poets Of 1960's Bengal |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/malay-roychoudhury-and-bengals-hungry-generation-of-anarchist-writers |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hungryalism petered out in 1965, when the [[West Bengal]] government issued arrest warrants for eleven Hungryalists, including Roy Choudhury and his brother. Some members, such as Subhash Ghosh and Saileshwar Ghosh, testified against Roy Choudhury in Kolkata's Bankshall Court. He was jailed for a month for his poem [[Stark Electric Jesus]] by Kolkata [[Bankshall Court]] in 1966. However he was exonerated by the Kolkata High Court in 1967. From the letters of [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]] written to [[Sandipan Chattopadhyay]] during 1964 published recently it is known that [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]] felt that [[Hungry generation]] literary movement was a threat to his [[Krittibas (magazine)|Krittibas]] group of poets of 1950s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=পাল |first=শুভম |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_YLEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80&pg=PA193 |title=সমান্তরাল সাহিত্য পত্রিকা ( দীপাবলি সংখ্যা ): প্রথম বর্ষ, পঞ্চম সংখ্যা |date=2020-11-30 |publisher=সমান্তরাল সাহিত্য পত্রিকা |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Howard McCord]], a professor of English at [[Washington State University]] and [[Bowling Green University]] who met Roy Choudhury during a visit to Kolkata, wrote in ''City Lights Journal Number Three'': "Malay Roy Choudhury, a Bengali poet, has been a central figure in the Hungry Generation's attack on the Indian cultural establishment since the movement began in the early 1960s. ... Acid, destructive, morbid, nihilistic, outrageous, mad, hallucinatory, shrill—these characterize the terrifying and cleansing visions" that "Indian literature must endure if it is to be vital again."<br />
<br />
Both the [[Bangla Academy (Bangladesh)|Bangla Academy]] and [[Northwestern University]] have archives of Roy Choudhury's Hungryalist publications.<br />
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Roy Choudhury wrote three drama during the [[Hungryalism]] movement: ''Illot'', ''Napungpung'' and ''Hibakusha'', considered to be a mash-up of the [[Theatre of the Absurd]] and [[Transhumanism]].<br />
<br />
== Poetry and translations ==<br />
[[File:Poet Malay.jpg|thumb|Roy Choudhury in 2009]]<br />
With his 1963 poem "Prachanda Baidyutik Chhutar" ("[[Stark Electric Jesus]]"), which prompted the government's actions against the Hungryalists, Roy Choudhury introduced [[Confessional poetry]] to Bengali literature. The poem defied traditional forms (e.g., [[sonnet]], [[villanelle]], [[minnesang]], [[pastourelle]], [[canzone]], etc.), as well as Bengali [[Metre (poetry)|meters]] (e.g., matrabritto and aksharbritto). His poem "Jakham" is better known and has been translated into multiple languages.<br />
<br />
His best-known poetry collections are ''Medhar Batanukul Ghungur'', ''Naamgandho'', and ''Illot'', and a complete collection of his poems was published in 2005. He has written about 60 books since he launched the Hungryalist movement in November 1961.<br />
<br />
Roy Choudhury also translated into [[Bengali language|Bengali]] works by [[William Blake]] ("[[The Marriage of Heaven and Hell]]"), [[Arthur Rimbaud]] ("[[A Season in Hell]]"), [[Tristan Tzara]] ([[Dada]] manifestos and poems), [[André Breton]]'s [[Surrealism]] manifesto and poems, [[Jean Cocteau]] ("Crucifixion"), [[Blaise Cendrars]] ("Trans-Siberian Express"), and [[Allen Ginsberg]] ("[[Howl (poem)|Howl]]" and "[[Kaddish (poem)|Kaddish]]"). He has also translated [[Paul Celan]]'s famous poem "[[Death Fugue]]".<br />
<br />
Roy Choudhury wrote extensively on the life and works of [[Allen Ginsberg]], [[Henry Miller]], [[James Joyce]], [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Jean Arthur Rimbaud]], [[Osip Mandelstam]], [[Marcel Proust]] and [[Anna Akhmatova]].<br />
<br />
In 2003, he was given the [[Sahitya Academy]] award, the Indian government's highest honour in the field, for translating [[Dharamvir Bharati]]'s ''Suraj Ka Satwan Ghora''.<ref name="Project MUSE">{{cite journal |title=About the Playwright and Translator |date=2010|journal=Manoa|volume=22|issue=1|publisher= University of Hawai'i Press|pages=142–143|doi=10.1353/man.0.0086}}</ref> However, he declined to accept this award and others.<br />
<br />
== Adhunantika phase ==<br />
In 1995, Roy Choudhury's writings, both poetry and fiction, took a dramatic turn. A linguist, [[Probal Dasgupta]], dubbed this the Adhunantika Phase (Bengali: অধুনান্তিক পর্ব), a [[portmanteau]] of two Bengali words: ''adhuna'', meaning "new", "current", "contemporary", or "modern", and ''antika'', meaning "closure", "end", "extreme", or "beyond". His poetry collections from this phase are ''Chitkar Samagra, Chhatrakhan, Ja Lagbey Bolben, Atmadhangser Sahasrabda, Postmodern Ahlader Kobita'', and ''Kounaper Luchimangso''. His novels from the period include ''Namgandho, Jalanjali, Nakhadanta, Ei Adham Oi Adham'', and ''Arup Tomar Entokanta''.<br />
<br />
During this phase Roy Choudhury wrote several poetic dramas which were a mash-up of [[Postmodernism]] and [[Transhumanism]].<br />
<br />
After Roy Choudhury shifted to Mumbai from Calcutta he ventured into [[Magic realism]] and wrote novels such as ''Labiyar Makdi'', ''Chashomranger Locha'', ''Thek Shuturmurg'', ''Jungle Romio'', ''Necropurush'' and ''Naromangshokadhoker Halnagad''.<br />
<br />
In 2014 Roy Choudhury wrote his autobiography in his distinct style titled ''Rahuketu''.<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
[[Image:Malay & Shalila in Den Haag.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Roy Choudhury with his wife, Shalila, in [[The Hague]] in 2009]]<br />
Roy Choudhury lived in [[Mumbai]] with his wife, Shalila, who was a [[field hockey]] player from [[Nagpur]]. Their daughter, Anushree Prashant, lives in [[Dubai]] with her husband and two daughters; his son Jitendra lives in [[Riyadh]] with his wife Sudipta.<br />
<br />
Roy Choudhury died on 26 October 2023, at the age of 83.<ref>{{cite news |title=চলে গেলেন হাংরি আন্দোলনের জনক সাহিত্যিক মলয় রায়চৌধুরী |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/event/hungarian-revolution-pioneer-poet-malay-roychoudhury-passes-away/ |access-date=26 October 2023 |publisher=Sangbad Pratidin |date=26 October 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== In popular culture ==<br />
A 2014 film based on Roy Choudhury's poem [[Stark Electric Jesus]] was directed by Mrigankasekhar Ganguly and Hyash Tanmoy. It was an official selection at 20 international film festivals in 15 countries. The film won "Best Video Art" in Poland, "Most Promising Video Artist" in Spain, and "Best Fantasy Film" in Serbia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ebela.in/details/22366-154859328.html |title= কম বাজেটের প্রতিবাদ |date= 23 September 2014|work=ebela |publisher= ABP Group |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/southkorcha/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%9A-1.81966 |title= মলয় বিদ্যুৎ|date= 29 October 2014|work=Anandabazar Patrika |publisher= ABP Group |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=14130&boxid=41841812|title=কয়েক জন কলেজ পড়ুয়া|date=6 October 2014|work=ei samay|publisher=Times Group|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417122857/http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=14130&boxid=41841812|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Srijit Mukherji]] directed a film in 2011 titled ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'', in which Roy Choudhury's poetry was used many times.<br />
<br />
== Sources and references ==<br />
*''Malay Roy Choudhury-r Bitarka'', edited by Madhusudan Roy. [[Barnik Prakashon]], Bardhaman, West Bengal, India (2018).<br />
*''Malay Roy Choudhury Compendium'', edited by A.M. Murshid. Avishkar Prakashani, Kolkata, India (2002).<br />
*''Hungryalist Interviews of Malay Roy Choudhury'', edited by Ajit Ray. Mahadiganta Publishers, Kolkata (1999).<br />
*''Postmodern Interviews of Malay Roychoudhury'', edited by Arabinda Pradhan. Graffiti Publishers, Kolkata (2004).<br />
*''Van Tulsi Ki Gandh'', by Phanishwarnath Renu. Rajkamal Prakashan, Delhi, India (1984).<br />
*''Hungry Shruti & Shastravirodhi Andolon'', by Uttam Das. Mahadiganta Publishers, Kolkata (1986).<br />
*''Shater Dashaker Kabita'', by Mahmud Kamal. Shilpataru Prakashani, Dhaka, Bangladesh (1991).<br />
*''Hungry-Adhunantik Malay'', edited by Ratan Biswas. Ahabkal Publications, Kolkata (2002).<br />
*''Salted Feathers'', edited by Dick Bakken. Portland, Oregon (1967).<br />
*''Intrepid'', edited by Carl Weissner. Buffalo, New York (1968).<br />
*''English Letters to Malay'', edited by Tridib Mitra. Hungry Books, Howrah, India (1968).<br />
*''Bangla Letters to Malay'', edited by Alo Mitra. Hungry Books, Howrah (1969).<br />
*''SWAPNA'' (Malay Roy Choudhury Special Issue, 15th Year, #1), edited by Bishnu Dey. Nabin Chandra College, Assam (2008).<br />
*''Sambhar: Malay Roy Choudhury Interview'', by Amitava Deb. Sambhar Publications, Silchar, Assam, India (2008).<br />
*''Savarna Barta:'' ''Hungryalist Movement and Sabarna Roy Choudhury Clan'', by Sonali Mukherjee. Tarkeshwar College, Kolkata (2008).<br />
*''Bodh:'' ''Malay Roy Choudhury's Poetry'', by Uttam Chakraborty. Rupnarayanpur, West Bengal, India (2008).<br />
*''Stark Electric Jesus'', with foreword by Howard McCord. Tribal Press (1965).<br />
<br />
== Selected works ==<br />
'''English'''<br />
<br />
''Stark Electric Jesus'', with introduction by Howard McCord, Tribal Press, Washington DC, 1965.<br />
<br />
''Autobiography'', CAAS #14 and 215, Gale Research Inc., Ohio, 1980.<br />
<br />
''Selected Poems'', with introduction by P. Lal, Writers Workshop, Kolkata, 1989.<br />
<br />
''Hattali'' (long poem), Mahadiganta Publishers, Kolkata, 1989.<br />
<br />
''Overview: Postmodern Bangla Poetry'' (non-fiction), Haowa 49 Publishers, Kolkata, 2001.<br />
<br />
''Overview: Postmodern Bangla Short Stories'' (non-fiction), Haowa 49 Publishers, Kolkata, 2001.<br />
<br />
'''Bengali'''<br />
<br />
''Shoytaner Mukh'' (Collected Poems), Krittibas Prakashani, Kolkata, 1963.<br />
<br />
''Hungry Andoloner Kavyadarshan'' (Hungryalist Manifesto), Debi Ray, Howrah, 1965.<br />
<br />
''Jakham'' (long poem), Zebra Publications, Kolkata, 1966.<br />
<br />
''Kabita Sankalan'' (collection of Hungryalist poems), Mahadiganta Publishers, Kolkata, 1986.<br />
<br />
''Chitkarsamagra'' (postmodern poems), Kabita Pakshik, Kolkata, 1995.<br />
<br />
''Chhatrakhan'' (postmodern poems), Kabitirtha Publishers, Kolkata, 1995.<br />
<br />
''Allen Ginsberg's Kaddish'' (translation)'','' Kabitirtha Publishers, Kolkata, 1995.<br />
<br />
''Ja Lagbey Bolben'' (postmodern poems), Kaurab Prakashani, Jamshedpur, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Tristan Tzara's Poems'' (translation)'','' Kalimati Publishers, Jamshedpur, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Allen Ginsberg's Howl'' (translation), Kabita Pakshik, Kolkata, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Jean Cocteau's Cricifixion'' (translation), Kabita Pakshik, Kolkata, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Blaise Cendrar's Trans-Siberian Express'' (translation), Amritalok Prakashani, Midnapur, 1997.<br />
<br />
''A'' (deconstruction of 23 poems), Kabita Pakshik, Kolkata, 1998.<br />
<br />
''Autobiography of Paul Gauguin'' (translation), Graffiti Publishers, Kolkata, 1999.<br />
<br />
''Jean Arthur Rimbaud'' (critique), Kabitirtha Publishers, Kolkata, 1999.<br />
<br />
''Life of Allen Ginsberg'' (non-fiction), Kabitirtha Prakashani, Kolkata, 2000.<br />
<br />
''Atmadhangsher Sahasrabda'' (collected poems), Graffiti Publishers, Kolkata, 2000.<br />
<br />
''Bhennogalpo'' (collection of postmodern short stories), Dibaratrir Kavya, Kolkata, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Dubjaley Jetuku Prashwas'' (novel), Haowa 49 Publishers, 1994.<br />
<br />
''Jalanjali'' (novel), Raktakarabi Publishers, Kolkata, 1996.<br />
<br />
''Naamgandho'' (novel), Sahana Publishers, Dhaka, 1999.<br />
<br />
''Natoksamagra'' (collection of plays), Kabitirtha Prakashani, Kolkata, 1998.<br />
<br />
''Hungry Kimvadanti'' (Hungryalist memoir), Dey Books, Kolkata, 1994.<br />
<br />
''Postmodernism'' (non-fiction), Haowa#49 Publishers, Kolkata, 1995.<br />
<br />
''Adhunikatar Biruddhey Kathavatra'' (non-fiction), Kabita Pakshik, Kolkata, 1999.<br />
<br />
''Hungryalist Interviews'' (edited by Ajit Ray), Mahadiganta Publishers, Kolkata, 1999.<br />
<br />
''Postmodern Kalkhando O Bangalir Patan'' (non-fiction), Khanan Publishers, Nagpur, 2000.<br />
<br />
''Ei Adham Oi Adham'' (novel), Kabitirtha Publishers, Kolkata, 2001.<br />
<br />
''Nakhadanta'' (postmodern novel), Haowa 49 Publishers, Kolkata, 2001.<br />
<br />
''Poems: 2004-1961'' (collection of poems), Avishkar Prakashani, Kolkata, 2005.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]]<br />
*[[Hungry generation]]<br />
*[[Samir Roychoudhury]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commons category-inline|Malay Roy Choudhury}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Malay Roy}}<br />
[[Category:1939 births]]<br />
[[Category:2023 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]<br />
[[Category:Hungry generation]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental Seminary alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian postmodern writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Novelists from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]<br />
[[Category:English–Bengali translators]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manavi_%E2%80%93_An_Organization_for_South_Asian_Women&diff=515721
Manavi – An Organization for South Asian Women
2026-04-18T21:52:19Z
<p>Maryslanker: Made a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Manavi - An Organization for South Asian Women<br />
| logo = <br />
| founded = 1985<br />
| founder = <br />
| location = <br />
| origins = [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]]<br />
| key_people = <br />
| region_served = [[New Jersey, United States]]<br />
| focus = <br />
| method = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| endowment = <br />
| num_employees = <br />
| last = <br />
| url = <br />
| accessdate = <br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.manavi.org}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Manavi''' was originally formed by six South Asian women: [[Shamita Das Dasgupta]], Radha Sarma Hegde, Shashi Jain, Rashmi Jaipal, Vibha Jha, and [[Kaveri Kaul|Kavery Dutta]], as a consciousness raising group interested in addressing concerns faced by South Asian women in the U.S. In a short period of time, this New Jersey–based organization expanded its goals in response to requests from the community to begin providing services to women facing violence and abuse.<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Founded in 1985, Manavi (meaning 'primal woman' in [[Sanskrit]]) was the first organization in the U.S. to specifically address the needs of [[South Asia]]n women, who are victims of [[Violence against women|violence]]. Although started as a consciousness-raising group, Manavi's founders soon realized that South Asian women facing abuse were unable to seek help from local authorities and mainstream organizations for variety of reasons. These reasons could be attributed to cultural, lingual and [[immigration]] barriers, among others.<br />
<br />
Since Manavi came to existence, many other South Asian organizations for women have been formed in the U.S. along the lines of Manavi. Today, Manavi continues to be a pioneer by championing new strategies for advancing the South Asian women's movement in the U.S. and by constantly adapting its service provision to the changing needs of South Asian women living in the U.S.<br />
<br />
While providing direct service to South Asian women in need, Manavi is also a [[social change]] agent within the South Asian community. In addition, it is a [[cultural competence|cultural competency]] educator and diversity trainer in the mainstream movement to end violence against women in the U.S. In short, Manavi simultaneously addresses both the immediate needs of women facing abuse and the long-term vision of establishing peaceful communities free from gender-based violence.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.manavi.org Manavi website]<br />
*[https://hwpi.harvard.edu/pluralismarchive/manavi-inc The Pluralism Project at Harvard University]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manavi - An Organization for South Asian Women}}<br />
[[Category:1985 establishments in New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:Asian-American culture in New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:Asian-American feminism]]<br />
[[Category:Asian-American women's organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Feminist organizations in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Indian-American culture in New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1985]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian–American organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Women in New Jersey]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siliguri_Municipal_Corporation&diff=547698
Siliguri Municipal Corporation
2026-04-18T12:31:30Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Local civic body in Siliguri, West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Siliguri Municipal Corporation<br />
| coa_pic =<br />
| coa_res = 150px<br />
| coa_alt = Logo of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation<br />
| coa_caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation<br />
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|1994}}<br />
| term_limits = 5 years<br />
| disbanded = <br />
| preceded_by = <br />
| succeeded_by = <br />
| leader1_type = Mayor <br />
| leader1 = [[Goutam Deb]]<br />
| party1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| election1 = 22 February 2022<br />
| leader2_type = Deputy Mayor<br />
| leader2 = Ranjan Sarkar<br />
| party2 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| election2 = 22 February 2022<br />
| leader3_type = Leader of the Opposition<br />
| leader3 = Amit Jain<br />
| party3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| election3 = February 2022<ref name="LoP SMC Siliguri">{{cite web|url=https://www.siligurismc.in/opposition-leader.php|title=Leader of Opposition, Siliguri Municipal Corporation|work=SMC Siliguri|accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref><br />
| leader4_type = Chairperson<br />
| leader4 = Pratul Chakraborty<br />
| party4 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| election4 = 22 February 2022<br />
| seats = 47<br />
| structure1 = 2022 Siliguri Municipal Corporation election result.svg<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| political_groups1 = <br />
'''Government (37)'''<br />
:*{{Color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (37)<br />
'''Official Opposition (5)'''<br />
:*{{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (5)<br />
'''Other Opposition (5)'''<br />
:*{{Color box|#CC0D0D}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (4)<br />
:*{{Color box|#00BBFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)<br />
| session_room = Siliguri Municipal Corporation 03.jpg<br />
| session_res = 300px<br />
| meeting_place = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]<br />
| last_election1 = [[2022 Siliguri Municipal Corporation election|12 February 2022]]<br />
| next_election1 = February 2027<br />
| motto = <br />
| website = {{url|www.siligurismc.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Siliguri Municipal Corporation''' or '''SMC''' was established in the year 1994 and has been responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of [[Siliguri]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Siliguri Municipality was established in the year 1949. The first municipality office was set up in Hill Cart Road. It was<br />
a wooden construction. The first chairman of Siliguri Municipality was the then Sub Divisional Officer (SDO) Sachindra Mohan Guha.<br />
In the year 1994, Siliguri Municipality was awarded Corporation status.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.siligurismc.com/history.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130425231053/http://www.siligurismc.com/history.html | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 25 April 2013 |title = Milestone| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Area Coverage==<br />
Siliguri Municipal Corporation areas include both in [[Darjeeling]] and [[Jalpaiguri]] district. Out of 47 wards of SMC, 14 are in Jalpaiguri district. It administers an area of {{convert|41.90|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Siliguri City|url=https://www.sjda.org/SJDA/Pages/location}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Departments==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name of the Department<br />
! Work / Activities<br />
|-<br />
| '''Education & Culture''' ||<br />
* Maintenance Charges of SC / ST Students of Darjeeling & Jalpaiguri District. <br />
* Mid-day-Meal Programme.<br />
* Felicitation programme for meritorious students of [[Madhyamik]] & [[Higher Secondary Examination|Higher Secondary Exam]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/education-and-culture.php |title = Education| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Assessment & Mutation''' ||<br />
* Correction of Mutation <br />
* Assessment(Issue of new holding number)<br />
: Vacant Land <br />
:: Land with building<br />
::: Property on Railway land/Vest land<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/assessment-and-mutation.php |title = Assessment| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Electricity''' ||<br />
* Maintenance and Development of Street Light and Project Work with in SMC Area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/electricity-department.php |title = Electricity| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Public Works Department''' ||<br />
* Repairing and widening of roads.<br />
* Construction of drains and roads.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/public-works-department-pwd.php |title = PWD| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Accounts''' ||<br />
* Carry out account activity of Corporation. <br />
* Handling of treasury.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/accounts-department.php |title = Accounts| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''General''' ||<br />
* All types of computer related works and maintaining all types of files and records..<br />
* Maintaining telephone/mobile register of Councillors and to dispatch Govt. letters to Mayor/Deputy Mayor/Commissioner /Secretary.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/general-department.php |title = General| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Birth and Death''' ||<br />
* Issue of Birth & Death Certificate <br />
* Maintain of Vital Statistics by Age, Sex & Religion.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/birth--death-registration.php |title = Birth| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Trade Licence''' ||<br />
* Issuance & Renewal of Certificate of Enlistment.<br />
* Advertisement related works.<br />
* Cycle Rickshaw & Cycle Rickshaw Van related works.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/trade-license.php |title = Trade license| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Building''' ||<br />
* Approval of the building plan.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/building-department.php |title = Building| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''U.P.E. Section''' ||<br />
* Slum Improvement.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/upe-department.php |title = UPE| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Water Supply''' ||<br />
* Registration of water supply connection house and commercial establishment.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/water-supply-department.php |title = City water supply| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Estlablishment''' ||<br />
* Pension Matter and Staff salary.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/establishment.php |title =Establishment| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Public Health and Hospital''' ||<br />
* Regular immunization program. <br />
* Health check-up. <br />
* Awareness program on vector-borne diseases like Malaria, Dengue and Encephalitis.<br />
* Prevent prenatal sex determination of foetus and to maintain the sex ratio between male & female.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/public-health--hospitals.php |title = Public health| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Vehicle''' ||<br />
* Manages and control vehicle carrying water tank and garbage.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/vehicles-department.php |title = Vehicles| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Market''' ||<br />
* Improvement of commercial establishment.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/market-department.php |title = Market| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Conservancy Section''' ||<br />
* Collection and disposal of garbage.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/conservancy-environment.php |title = Conservancy| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Tax''' ||<br />
* Property tax collection.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/tax-department.php |title = Tax| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Cash Section''' ||<br />
* Parking Fee and Site Planning Fee.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/cash-department.php |title = Cash| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Law Section''' ||<br />
* To look after various day to day court cases of SMC and give legal opinion if needed.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/law-department.php |title = Law| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Sports''' ||<br />
* Co-ordanating sports activities and events organised by SMC.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/sports-department.php |title = Sports| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Guest House Booking Cell''' ||<br />
* Looks after bookings of guest house owned by SMC.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://siligurismc.in/guesthouse-booking-cell.php |title = Guest house| publisher= SMC|access-date = 2013-05-28 }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Current members==<br />
Siliguri Municipal Corporation has a total of 47 members or councillors, who are directly elected after a term of 5 years. The council is led by the Mayor. The latest elections were held in [[2022 Siliguri Municipal Corporation election|12 February 2022]]. The current mayor of Siliguri is [[Goutam Deb]] of the [[Trinamool Congress]]. The current deputy mayor is Ranjan Sarkar of the [[Trinamool Congress]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Mayor: Goutam Deb<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Deputy Mayor: Ranjan Sarkar<br />
|-<br />
! Ward No.<br />
! Name of Councillor<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Remarks<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || Sanjay Pathak || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || Gargi Chatterjee<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || Ram Bhajan Mahato<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || Vivek Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || Anita Mahato<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || Alam Khan || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || Pintu Ghosh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || Shalini Dalmia || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || Amit Jain<br />
| [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of Opposition]]<ref name="LoP SMC Siliguri"/><br />
|-<br />
| 10 || Kamal Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || Manjushree Paul || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 12 || Basudeb Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || Manik Dey<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 14 || Srabani Dutta<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || Ranjan Sarkar<br />
|Deputy Mayor<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || Sujoy Ghatak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || Mili Seal Sinha || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || Sanjay Sharma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || Mousumi Hazra || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || Abhaya Bose || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 21 || Kuntal Roy<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 22 || Dipto Karmakar || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 23 || Lakshmi Paul || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || Pratul Chakraborty<br />
|Chairperson<br />
|-<br />
| 25 || Jayanta Saha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 26 || Sikta Dey Basu Ray<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 27 || Prasanta Chakraborty<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 28 || Samprita Das<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 29 || Saradindu Chakraborty || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || Sathi Das || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=15}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 31 || Moumita Mondal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 32 || Tapas Chatterjee<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 33 || [[Goutam Deb]]<br />
|Mayor<br />
|-<br />
| 34 || Biman Chandra Tapadar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 35 || Sampa Nandi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 36 || Ranjan Sil Sharma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 37 || Alak Bhakta<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 38 || Dulal Dutta<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 39 || Pinki Saha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 40 || Rajesh Prasad Sah<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 41 || Shivika Mittal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 42 || Shobha Subba<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 43 || Sukhdeo Mahato<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 44 || Pritikana Biswas<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 45 || Munshi Nurul Islam || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 46 || Dilip Barman || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 47 || Amar Ananda Das<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--{{reflist}}--><br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commons category-inline|Siliguri Municipal Corporation}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Municipal corporations in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:1994 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Siliguri]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycab_India&diff=525832
Polycab India
2026-04-14T16:09:23Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian electrical equipment company}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Polycab India <br />
| logo = Polycab India logo.png<br />
| logo_caption = Polycab India logo<br />
| image = Auto EV Bharat 4.0, KTPO Exhibition and Convention Centre, Bangalore (2025) 52.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Polycab India at Auto EV Bharat 4.0, [[KTPO Exhibition and Convention Centre, Bangalore|KTPO Exhibition centre]], Bangalore (2025) <br />
| type = [[Public company|Public]]<br />
| traded_as = {{BSE|542652}}<br>{{NSE|POLYCAB}}<br />
| industry = [[Electrical equipment]]<br />
| founded = 1964<br />
| founder =<br />
| hq_location = [[Mumbai]], India<br />
| area_served = India<br />
| key_people = Inder T. Jaisinghani <small>(Chairman and Managing Director)</small><br />
| products = Wires and cables, electric fans, LED lighting and luminaires, switches and switchgear, solar products, conduits and accessories<br />
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|18039|c}} (2024)<ref name=f/><br />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|1802|c}} (2024)<ref name=f>{{cite news |title=Polycab India |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/company/polycab-india-ltd/management-discussions |publisher=[[India Infoline]] |date=March 2024}}</ref><br />
| num_employees =<br />
| parent =<br />
| subsid =<br />
| website = {{URL|https://polycab.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Polycab India Limited''' is an Indian [[electrical equipment]] company based in [[Mumbai]], [[India]]. The company manufactures and sells electrical products, including wires and cables, [[electric fan]]s, [[LED lighting]] and luminaires, [[switch]]es and [[switchgear]], solar products, and conduits and accessories.<ref name=Forbesindia>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Naandika |title=Polycab India: Switching gears |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/work-in-progress/polycab-india-switching-gears/58615/1 |work=[[Forbes India]] |date=3 April 2020}}</ref> It also operates in the [[engineering, procurement, and construction]] (EPC) sector.<ref name=C/><br />
<br />
In 2023, the company was ranked 161st on the [[Fortune India 500]] list in 2023, with revenues of {{INR}}14,206 crores.<ref name=A>{{cite news |title=Fortune India 500 listing |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company/polycab-india?year=2023 |publisher=[[Fortune India]] |date=2023}}</ref> It is the largest wire and cable manufacturer in India and holds 25% to 26%<ref>{{cite news |last1=Agarwal |first1=Manvi |title=Polycab is wired for growth, but risks of a shock persist |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/mark-to-market/polycab-stock-is-wired-for-growth-but-risks-of-a-shock-persist-11715597963456.html |date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513115139/http://www.livemint.com/market/mark-to-market/polycab-stock-is-wired-for-growth-but-risks-of-a-shock-persist-11715597963456.html |archive-date=13 May 2024}}</ref> of the market share in the wires and cables sector in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Naandita |title=Polycab India IT raids: All you need to know |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/news/polycab-india-it-raids-all-you-need-to-know/90851/1 |work=[[Forbes India]] |date=15 January 2024}}</ref> As of March 2023, the company operates 28 manufacturing units in [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and the [[Union Territory of Daman and Diu|Union Territory of Daman]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Lancelot |title=Polycab takes a leap forward |url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/polycab-takes-a-leap-forward |publisher=[[Business India]] |date=23 February 2023}}</ref> along with over 29 warehouses across India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Sakshi |title=I-T dept searches 50 premises of Polycab India; unaccounted cash transactions suspected |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/i-t-dept-seaches-50-premises-of-polycab-india-across-country-unaccounted-cash-transactions-suspected-2821935 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=22 December 2023}}</ref> The company is included in the [[MSCI]] Standard Index,<ref>{{cite news |title=MSCI adds 9 Indian stocks, no exits |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/msci-adds-9-indian-stocks-no-exits/article67534611.ece |publisher=[[Business Line]] |date=15 November 2023}}</ref> and is a constituent of the Nifty Midcap 100 Index<ref>{{cite news |title=Nifty Midcap 100 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/indices/nifty-midcap-100 |publisher=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=August 2024}}</ref> and the BSE 200 Index.{{cn|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Auto EV Bharat 4.0, KTPO Exhibition and Convention Centre, Bangalore (2025) 110.jpg|thumb|right|Polycab India's wires and cables at display in Auto EV Bharat 4.0]]<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The company's origins date back to 1964 with the establishment of Sind Electric Stores in [[Lohar Chawl]] by Thakurdas Jaisinghani, who had moved to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] from [[Pakistan]] after the [[Partition of India]]. This store dealt in various electrical products like fans, lighting fixtures, switches, and wires. By 1975, the company established Thakur Industries and a land was acquired from the [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] in [[Andheri]], Mumbai, for the construction of a cable and wire manufacturing facility.<ref name=Forbesindia/><br />
<br />
In 1983, the company formally entered the electrical goods manufacturing sector with the founding of Polycab Industries by Inder T. Jaisinghani and his brothers. A factory was established in [[Halol]], [[Gujarat]], for the production of PVC insulated wires and cables, copper and aluminum, and bare copper wire.<ref name=Forbesindia/><br />
<br />
In May 2008, the company entered into a joint venture with [[Nexans]], a French cable manufacturer. The joint venture, with an initial investment of $37 million, focused on the production of rubber cables for the shipbuilding, railway, and wind power industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Polycab in JV with Nexans of France for rubber cables |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/polycab-in-jv-with-nexans-of-france-for-rubber-cables/articleshow/3005813.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=3 May 2008}}</ref> In 2009, the company entered the [[engineering, procurement, and construction]] (EPC) sector, offering services covering the design, engineering, supply, execution, and commissioning of power distribution and rural electrification projects.<ref name=D/><br />
<br />
In September 2008, the [[International Finance Corporation]], the private investment arm of the [[World Bank]], acquired a 12% stake in Polycab Wires for {{INR}}551.5 crore (US$120 million). This transaction valued the company's cable manufacturing business at ₹4,600 crore (US$1 billion).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Vivek |title=IFC to acquire 12% in Polycab for Rs 552 cr |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/ifc-to-acquire-12-in-polycab-for-rs-552-cr/articleshow/3515439.cms?from=mdr |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=23 September 2008}}</ref> In 2014, Polycab India Limited expanded its product range to include electric fans, LED lighting and luminaires, switches and switchgear, solar products, and conduits and accessories.<ref name=D>{{cite news |title=Polycab India jumps 22% on market debut |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/polycab-india-debuts-at-18-premium-over-issue-price/articleshow/68899797.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505111007/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/polycab-india-debuts-at-18-premium-over-issue-price/articleshow/68899797.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=5 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=C/><br />
<br />
In 2013, the company formed a joint venture with [[Nexans]], holding a 49% stake, to establish production facilities in Gujarat. The investment for this venture amounted to $55 million (approximately {{INR}}320 crore).<ref>{{cite news |title=French cable maker ties up with Polycab |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/french-cable-maker-ties-up-with-polycab-108022001102_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=5 February 2013}}</ref> In 2014, Polycab India Limited expanded its product range to include electric fans, LED lighting and luminaires, switches and switchgear, solar products, and conduits and accessories.<ref name=D/><br />
<br />
Polycab India Limited established a 50:50 joint venture named Ryker Base with [[Trafigura]] (Singapore) in 2016 to strengthen its backward integration for copper. The company acquired full ownership in May 2020<ref>{{cite news |title=Polycab India buys 50% stake in Ryker from Trafigura |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/polycab-india-buys-50-stake-in-ryker-from-trafigura-120050400559_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=4 May 2020}}</ref> and subsequently, Ryker Base was acquired by [[Hindalco Industries]], a subsidiary of the [[Aditya Birla Group]] in November 2021 for ₹323 crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Divekar |first1=Aditi |title=Hindalco Industries acquires Ryker Base for enterprise value of Rs 323 cr |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hindalco-industries-acquires-ryker-base-for-enterprise-value-of-rs-323-cr-121110301055_1.html |date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103103927/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hindalco-industries-acquires-ryker-base-for-enterprise-value-of-rs-323-cr-121110301055_1.html |archive-date=3 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== IPO ==<br />
In October 2018, Polycab India filed its draft [[red herring prospectus]] (DRHP) with the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] for an [[initial public offering]].<ref name=C>{{cite news |last1=Singh Dhanjal |first1=Swaraj |title=IFC-backed wires maker Polycab files for $270 million IPO |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/3bM7d0Zg7YiKZ4Wldyn5dK/IFCbacked-wires-maker-Polycab-files-for-270-million-IPO.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=31 October 2018}}</ref> The company went public in April 2019, listing on the [[National Stock Exchange of India]] and the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]. The IPO was oversubscribed more than 52 times and raised ₹1,346 crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Naandika |title=From Lohar chawl to Sewri, to $3.6 billion net worth |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2021/from-lohar-chawl-to-sewri-to-36-billion-net-worth-inder-jaisinghanis-journey-to-the-forbes-india-rich-list/71453/1 |work=[[Forbes India]] |date=10 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Finance ==<br />
The wires and cables segment accounted for 88% of the company's sales, the Fast-Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) segment contributed 7%, and the remaining 5% came from other segments, primarily the EPC business.<ref name=f/> The company has received a long-term credit rating of AA+ (Positive) from both [[CRISIL]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Rating Rationale |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/PolycabIndiaLimited_August%2003,%202023_RR_324595.html |publisher=[[CRISIL]] |date=3 August 2023}}</ref> and [[Fitch Ratings|India Ratings and Research]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India Ratings Affirms Polycab India's Bank Facilities at 'IND AA+'/Positive; Off Rating Watch with Negative Implications |url=https://www.indiaratings.co.in/pressrelease/71498 |publisher=India Ratings |date=17 July 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Controversies ==<br />
In December 2023, the [[Income Tax Department]] raided 50 offices of Polycab and discovered that the company had {{INR}}1,000 crore unaccounted cash sales, {{INR}}400 crore unaccounted cash payments made on its behalf by a distributor and {{INR}}100 crore non-genuine expenses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sampath |first1=Vineetha |title=Wires crossed: Polycab navigates uncertainty amid income tax raids |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/mark-to-market/wires-crossed-polycab-navigates-uncertainty-amid-income-tax-raids-11705225842025.html |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=Mint |date=15 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=No written communication from I-T Dept regarding outcome of Dec raid: Polycab |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/no-written-communication-from-i-t-dept-regarding-outcome-of-dec-raid-polycab/articleshow/110001164.cms |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 May 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2024, Polycab India's IT infrastructure was targeted by a [[ransomware]] attack attributed to the [[Lockbit]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Naandika |title=Polycab, Motilal Oswal, Bira91 among latest companies to be hit by ransomware attacks |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/news/polycab-motilal-oswal-bira91-among-latest-companies-to-be-hit-by-ransomware-attacks/92331/1# |work=[[Forbes India]] |date=29 March 2024}}</ref> group. The company subsequently reported that the incident did not have a significant impact on its core systems and operations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishna |first1=Tanya |title=Polycab targeted by ransomware attack; company says core systems and operations not impacted |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-polycab-targeted-by-ransomware-attack-company-says-core-systems-and-operations-not-impacted-3432321/ |publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |date=21 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and recognition ==<br />
Polycab India has been listed in the [[Fortune India 500]] list for five consecutive years, from 2019 to 2023.<ref name=A/> Inder Jaisinghani, the chairman and managing director of Polycab India, and his family were ranked at #32 in [[Forbes India]]'s 2023 list of the 100 Richest Individuals, with a net worth of $6.4 billion (approximately ₹53,298 crores).<ref name=B>{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Karishma |title=Meet Inder Jaisinghani, the Indian businessman whose wealth almost doubled in 2023, making him one of India's richest people |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/meet-inder-jaisinghani-the-indian-businessman-whose-wealth-almost-doubled-in-2023-making-him-one-of-indias-richest-people |publisher=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]] |date=23 October 2023}}</ref> Jaisinghani was also featured on the Forbes India Rich List in 2022, ranking #60 with a net worth of $3.4 billion, and in 2021, ranking #57 with a net worth of $3.6 billion.<ref name=B/><br />
<br />
The company has been awarded the title of "Superbrand" by [[Superbrands |Superbrands India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Superbrands in India |url=https://in.superbrands.com/brands/ |publisher=[[Superbrands]]|date=2024}}</ref> The company was awarded a silver medal in the Consumer Durable category at the ET Brand Equity's 2023 Trendies Awards by ''[[The Economic Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=ET Brand Equity's 2023 Trendies Awards |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/trendies-awards2023/winners-list |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2023}}</ref> In 2019, the Employer Branding Institute recognized Polycab India with a National Best Employer Brand Award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Employer Branding Award 2019 |url=https://www.employerbrandingawards.com/winners/national-best-employer-brand/eb_win19.html |publisher=Employer Branding Award |date=2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Nifty 200 companies}}<br />
<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian brands]]<br />
[[Category:Electrical engineering companies]]<br />
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]<br />
[[Category:Electrical equipment manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:Engineering companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:1964 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:2019 initial public offerings]]<br />
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1964]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahnawaz_Khan_(Indian_politician)&diff=534299
Shahnawaz Khan (Indian politician)
2026-04-12T11:26:39Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Shahnawaz Khan<br />
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br />
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
| occupation = [[Politician]]<br />
| father = Sarfaraz Khan (Ex Minister UP Govt.)<br />
| birth_place = [[Saharanpur]]<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Science]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]]<br />
| term_start = 6 July 2022<br />
| constituency = ''elected by Legislative assembly members''<br />
| birth_date = {{ birth date and age|1980|03|09}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shahnawaz Khan''' is an Indian politician member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]. He represents the constituency [[Saharanpur district]] as Party member of [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MLC Election: MLC चुनाव में भी आजम खान ने दिखाया दम, SP ने साधा समीकरण...जानिए कौन हैं शाहनवाज खान |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/politics/azam-khan-showed-his-power-in-mlc-elections-too-know-who-is-shahnawaz-khan/articleshow/92081235.cms |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections commission of india |url=http://ceobihar.nic.in/biharelection/candidates/candidatelistpartywise.pdf |website=Elections commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Khan was born to Sarfaraz Khan at Dara Milkana, Saharanpur district.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shahnawaz Khan(Samajwadi Party(SP)):(ELECTED FROM UP LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/upmlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=271 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He gained a Bachelor of Science from Chaudhary Charan Singh University in 2000 and completed Masters in International Business from [[Leeds Metropolitan University]] in 2008.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Shahnawaz}}<br />
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br />
[[Category:People from Saharanpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1980 births]]<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isisaurus&diff=504788
Isisaurus
2026-04-12T02:44:49Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Isaurus}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| name = ''Isisaurus''<br />
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]]), {{fossilrange|70|66|latest=66}}{{Period fossil range|Cretaceous|70|66}}<br />
| image = Isisaurus colberti life restoration.png<br />
| image_caption = [[Life restoration]]<br />
| genus = Isisaurus<br />
| species = colberti<br />
| parent_authority = Wilson & Upchurch, 2003<br />
| authority = ([[Sohan Lal Jain|Jain]] & Bandyopadhyay, 1997)<br />
| synonyms = * ''[[Titanosaurus]] colberti'' <br /><small>Jain & Bandyopadhyay, 1997 </small><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Isisaurus''''' (named after the [[Indian Statistical Institute]]) is a genus of [[titanosaur]]ian [[dinosaur]] from the [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Lameta Formation]] of [[India]] and [[Pab Formation]] of [[Pakistan]]. The genus contains a single species, '''''Isisaurus colberti'''''.<br />
<br />
==Discovery and Naming==<br />
{{Location map+ |India<br />
|places =<br />
{{Location map~ |India<br />
|lat_deg = 21.2<br />
|lon_deg = 80.4 }}<br />
{{Location map~ |India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|21.4|78.0}}<br />
}}<br />
|caption = ''Isisaurus'' (''I. colberti'') localities from [[Lameta Formation]], India.<br />
}}<br />
{{Location map+ |Pakistan<br />
|places =<br />
{{Location map~ |Pakistan<br />
|lat_deg = 29.7<br />
|lon_deg = 69.5 }}<br />
{{Location map~ |Pakistan<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|29.7|69.4}}<br />
}}<br />
|caption = ''Isisaurus'' (''I. colberti'') localities from [[Pab Formation]], Pakistan.<br />
}}<br />
The [[type specimen]] of ''Isisaurus colberti'', ISI R 335/1-65, was originally described and named as ''[[Titanosaurus]] colberti'' by [[Sohan Lal Jain]] and Saswati Bandyopadhyay in 1997. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours [[Edwin Harris Colbert]].<ref name= "Jain">{{cite journal |last1= Jain |first1= Sohan L. |last2= Bandyopadhyay |first2= Saswati |year= 1997 |title= New Titanosaurid (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Central India |journal= [[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |location= Norman, Okla. |publisher= University of Oklahoma |volume= 17 |number= 1 |page= 114 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1997.10010958|bibcode= 1997JVPal..17..114J }}<!--|access-date= December 31, 2012 --></ref><ref name= "PD">{{cite web |url= https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64311 |title= Isisaurus colberti |publisher= Paleobiology Database |access-date= December 31, 2012}}</ref> In 2003, the fossils were designated as belonging to its own genus by Wilson and Upchurch.<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wilsonja/JAW/Publications_files/Wilson%26Upchurch2003.pdf |last1= Wilson |first1= Jeffrey A. |author-link= Jeffrey A. Wilson |last2= Upchurch |first2= P. |title= A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria – Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution |journal= [[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology]] |location= Cambridge, U.K. |publisher= Cambridge University Press |volume= 1 |issue= 3 |year= 2003 |pages= 125–160 |access-date= December 31, 2012 |doi=10.1017/s1477201903001044|bibcode= 2003JSPal...1..125W |s2cid= 53997295 }}</ref> The generic name, "''Isisaurus''," combines a reference to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) with the [[Greek language|Greek]] "saurus," meaning "lizard." It had a short, vertically directed neck and long forelimbs,{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} making it considerably different from other sauropods. The [[humerus]] is 148 centimetres long.<ref name= "Jain"/><br />
<br />
The site locality is Dongargaon Hill, which is in a [[Maastrichtian]] crevasse splay [[claystone]] in the [[Lameta Formation]] of India.<ref name="PD" /> Dongargaon Hill (20.212318N,79.090709E) is located near [[Warora]], in [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur District]], [[Maharashtra]].<br />
<br />
A braincase referrable to the species is known from the [[Pab Formation]] of Pakistan, which is equivalent in age to the Lameta Formation.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Barrett |first2=Paul M. |last3=Carrano |first3=Matthew T. |date=September 2011 |title=An associated partial skeleton of Jainosaurus cf. septentrionalis (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Chhota Simla, Central India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01087.x |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=981–998 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01087.x|bibcode=2011Palgy..54..981W |s2cid=55975792 |hdl=2027.42/86940 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>''<br />
<br />
''Isisaurus'' is known from better remains than many other titanosaurs that were known at the time of its description. Much of its [[postcranial]] skeleton is known. The skeletal material found by Jain and Bandyopadhyay between 1984 and 1986 was "in associated and mostly articulated condition." The holotype includes [[Cervical vertebrae|cervical]], [[Thoracic vertebrae|dorsal]], [[Sacrum|sacral]] and [[Vertebra|caudal]] vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, left [[Limb (anatomy)|forelimb]] and other bones. No skull, [[hindlimb]], or foot bones are known.<ref name= "Jain" /> Since the original description of ''Isisaurus'', unrelated titanosaur fossils belonging to more complete individuals have been discovered elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lacovara|first1=Kenneth J.|last2=Lamanna|first2=Matthew C.|last3=Ibiricu|first3=Lucio M.|last4=Poole|first4=Jason C.|last5=Schroeter|first5=Elena R.|last6=Ullmann|first6=Paul V.|last7=Voegele|first7=Kristyn K.|last8=Boles|first8=Zachary M.|last9=Carter|first9=Aja M.|last10=Fowler|first10=Emma K.|last11=Egerton|first11=Victoria M.|date=2014-09-04|title=A Gigantic, Exceptionally Complete Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from Southern Patagonia, Argentina|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|page=6196|doi=10.1038/srep06196|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5385829|pmid=25186586}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carballido|first1=José L.|last2=Pol|first2=Diego|last3=Otero|first3=Alejandro|last4=Cerda|first4=Ignacio A.|last5=Salgado|first5=Leonardo|last6=Garrido|first6=Alberto C.|last7=Ramezani|first7=Jahandar|last8=Cúneo|first8=Néstor R.|last9=Krause|first9=Javier M.|date=2017-08-16|title=A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1860|article-number=20171219|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.1219|pmc=5563814|pmid=28794222}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
[[File:Isisaurus Size Comparison.svg|thumb|Size compared to a human]]<br />
''Isisaurus'' was a medium-sized sauropod, with some estimates of its body length up to {{convert|18|m|ft}} long and weighing {{convert|15|MT|ST}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Gregory S.|title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs|year=2016|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-78684-190-2|oclc=985402380|page=232}}</ref> The angle between the [[occipital bone]] and occipital condyle in ''Isisaurus'' and the fellow Indian titanosaur ''[[Jainosaurus]]'' is different. In the specimen from Dongargaon it is equal to 120°. In that matter, the cranium of ''Isisaurus'' resembles the skulls of ''[[Diplodocus]]'' and ''[[Apatosaurus]]'' (genera belonging to the [[Diplodocidae]]), but the bone modifications are different.<ref name="Wilson&09" /><br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
While ''Isisaurus'' has consistently been considered to be a titanosaurian sauropod, its exact placement within this clade and its relationships with other titanosaurs has been controversial and problematic. Most analyses have recovered it with close affinities to taxa such as ''[[Rapetosaurus]]'' or the [[Saltasauridae]]. Various alternative positions suggested in that past are displayed in the following [[cladogram]]s:<br />
<br />
''Isisaurus'' was placed within [[Opisthocoelicaudiinae]] by Curry-Rogers in 2005.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Curry Rogers |first1=Kristina |title=The Sauropods: evolution and paleobiology |last2=Wilson |first2=Jeffrey A. |date=2005 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24623-2 |location=Berkeley}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{clade<br />
|label1=[[Opisthocoelicaudiinae]]<br />
|1={{clade<br />
|1=''Isisaurus''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Alamosaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Argentinosaurus]]''<br />
|2=''[[Antarctosaurus]]''<br />
|3=''[[Opisthocoelicaudia]]'' }} }} }} }}<br />
<br />
The cladogram below follows Zaher et al. (2011).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zaher |first1=Hussam |last2=Pol |first2=Diego |last3=Carvalho |first3=Alberto B. |last4=Nascimento |first4=Paulo M. |last5=Riccomini |first5=Claudio |last6=Larson |first6=Peter |last7=Juarez-Valieri |first7=Rubén |last8=Pires-Domingues |first8=Ricardo |last9=da Silva |first9=Nelson Jorge |last10=de Almeida Campos |first10=Diógenes |date=2011-02-07 |editor-last=Sereno |editor-first=Paul |title=A Complete Skull of an Early Cretaceous Sauropod and the Evolution of Advanced Titanosaurians |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |article-number=e16663 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016663 |doi-access=free |pmid=21326881 |pmc=3034730 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...616663Z |issn=1932-6203}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{clade<br />
|label1=[[Lithostrotia]]<br />
|1={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Malawisaurus]]''<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|label1=[[Nemegtosauridae]]<br />
|1={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Nemegtosaurus]]''<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Rapetosaurus]]''<br />
|2=''[[Tapuiasaurus]]'' }} }}<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|1=''Isisaurus''<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Diamantinasaurus]]''<br />
|label2=[[Saltasauridae]]<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|label1=[[Opisthocoelicaudiinae]]<br />
|1={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Alamosaurus]]''<br />
|2=''[[Opisthocoelicaudia]]'' }}<br />
|label2=[[Saltasaurinae]]<br />
|2={{Clade<br />
|1=''[[Neuquensaurus]]''<br />
|2=''[[Saltasaurus]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }}<br />
<br />
In 2017, ''Isisaurus'' was recovered as the [[sister taxon]] to ''[[Tapuiasaurus]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carballido |first1=José L. |last2=Pol |first2=Diego |last3=Otero |first3=Alejandro |last4=Cerda |first4=Ignacio A. |last5=Salgado |first5=Leonardo |last6=Garrido |first6=Alberto C. |last7=Ramezani |first7=Jahandar |last8=Cúneo |first8=Néstor R. |last9=Krause |first9=Javier M. |date=2017-08-16 |title=A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=284 |issue=1860 |article-number=20171219 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.1219 |pmid=28794222 |issn=0962-8452|pmc=5563814 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{clade<br />
|1={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Baurutitan]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1={{clade<br />
|1=[[Saltasauridae]]<br />
|2=''[[Alamosaurus]]'' }}<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Rapetosaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Tapuiasaurus]]''<br />
|2=''Isisaurus'' }} }} }} }} }}<br />
<br />
In 2021, ''Isisaurus'' was placed as the sister taxon to ''[[Arackar]]''. The cladogram from Rubilar-Rogers et al. (2021) is shown below:<ref name="Arackar">{{Cite journal|last1=Rubilar-Rogers |first1=D. |last2=Vargas |first2=A. O. |last3=González Riga |first3=B. |last4=Soto-Acuña |first4=S. |last5=Alarcón-Muñoz |first5=J. |last6=Iriarte-Díaz |first6=J. |last7=Arévalo |first7=C. |last8=Gutstein |first8=C. S. |title=''Arackar licanantay'' gen. et sp. nov. a new lithostrotian (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Atacama Region, northern Chile |year=2021 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=124 |article-number=104802 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104802 |bibcode=2021CrRes.12404802R |s2cid=233780252 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{clade<br />
|label1=[[Lithostrotia]]<br />
|1={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Malawisaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Baurutitan]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Rapetosaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Arackar]]''<br />
|2=''Isisaurus'' }} }}<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Tapuiasaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Alamosaurus]]''<br />
|2={{clade<br />
|1=''[[Opisthocoelicaudia]]''<br />
|2=[[Saltasaurinae]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }}<br />
<br />
==Palaeobiology==<br />
Fungus in [[coprolites]] believed to have been voided by ''Isisaurus'' indicate that it ate leaves from several species of tree, since these fungi are known to be [[pathogens]] which infect tree leaves.<ref name=sharmaetal2005>Sharma, N., Kar, R.K., Agarwal, A. and Kar, R. (2005). "Fungi in dinosaurian (''Isisaurus'') coprolites from the Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) and its reflection on food habit and environment." ''Micropaleontology'', '''51'''(1): 73-82.</ref><br />
<br />
==Paleoecology==<br />
[[File:Morning hunting in India.jpg|thumb|right|[[Life restoration]] of ''Isisaurus'' (middle) with contemporary [[dinosaurs]]]] <br />
''Isisaurus'' lived in the area of present day central [[India]] and western [[Pakistan]] during the [[Maastrichtian]] age of the [[Cretaceous]] period.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=J. A. |title=An Overview of Titanosaur Evolution and Phylogeny |journal=Actas de las III Jornadas Internacionales Sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y Su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos |date=2006 |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wilsonja/JAW/Publications_files/Wilson2006b.pdf |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="González Riga">{{Cite journal |last=González Riga |first=Bernardo J. |date=2005 |title=Nuevos restos fósiles de Mendozasaurus neguyelap (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) del Cretácico Tardío de Mendoza, Argentina |trans-title=New fossil remains of Mendozasaurus neguyelap (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) of the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0002-70142005000300002 |journal=Ameghiniana |language=es |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=535–548 |issn=0002-7014}} [https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/translated_publications/Gonzalez-Riga%252005.pdf English translation] by Michael D'Emic</ref> Its remains are the most complete among the Cretaceous dinosaurs known from that region.<ref name="Rajasaurus">{{cite journal |author=Jeffrey A. Wilson, Paul C. Sereno, Suresh Srivastava, Devendra K. Bhatt |title=A New Abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) Grom The Lameta |journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology |date=2003-08-15 |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–42 |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wilsonja/JAW/Publications_files/Wilson%26al2003.pdf |access-date=2 September 2018 |publisher=The University of Michigan}}</ref> Khosla et al. (2003) listed the following Indian sauropods:<ref name="Khosla&03">{{cite journal |author=Khosla, A., V. V. Kapur, P. C. Sereno, J. A. Wilson, G. P. Wilson, D. Dutheil, A. Sahni, M. P. Singh, S. Kumar |title=First dinosaur remains from the Cenomanian-Turonian Nimar Sandstone (Bagh Beds), district Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India |journal=Journal of the Palaeontogical Society of India |date=2003 |volume=48 |pages=115–127 |doi=10.1177/0971102320030108 |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wilsonja/JAW/Publications_files/Khosla%26al2004.pdf |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Titanosaurus|Titanosaurus indicus]]''<br />
* ''T. blanfordi''<br />
* ''T. rahiolensis''<br />
* ''[[Jainosaurus|Jainosaurus septentrionalis]]''.<br />
<br />
Wilson et al. (2009) listed only two Indian titanosaurs, ''Isisaurus'' and its distant relative, ''Jainosaurus''. ''Isisaurus'' and ''Jainosaurus'' lived sympatrically in the area of middle and western India. ''Isisaurus'' fossils have also been reported from western [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Wilson&09">{{cite journal |author=Jeffrey A. Wilson, Michael D. D'emic, Kristina A. Curry Rogers, Dhananjay M. Mohabey & Subashis Sen |title=A reassessment of the sauropod dinosaur Jainosaurus (="Antarctosaurus") septentrionalis from the Upper Cretaceous of India |journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan |date=2009 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=17–40 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/63584/Contributions_32_no2_FINAL_07-14-09.pdf;jsessionid=AE4F8F10E0A9EEB8B3BAE81FFE7E4A26?sequence=1 |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other dinosaurs, including the [[Abelisauridae|abelisaurs]] ''[[Indosuchus]]'', ''[[Rahiolisaurus]]'', and ''[[Rajasaurus]]'', also existed in the [[Lameta Formation]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Commons category|position=left|Isisaurus}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sauropodomorpha|T.}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Dinosaurs|India}}<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q311505}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lithostrotia]]<br />
[[Category:Dinosaur genera]]<br />
[[Category:Maastrichtian dinosaurs]]<br />
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2003]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Sohan Lal Jain]]<br />
[[Category:Dinosaurs of India]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saadhu_(film)&diff=531498
Saadhu (film)
2026-04-05T22:26:14Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1994 film by P. Vasu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Saadhu<br />
| image = Saadhu film poster.jpg<br />
<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[P. Vasu]]<br />
| writer = P. Vasu<br />
| producer = Meera Vidyasagar<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]|[[Raveena Tandon]]}}<br />
| cinematography = M. C. Sekar<br />
| editing = P. Mohan Raj<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| studio = Eashwara Chandra Combines<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|7|22}}<br />
| runtime = 130 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Saadhu''''' ({{translation|Naive}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by [[P. Vasu]], starring [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] and [[Raveena Tandon]], with [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Goundamani]] and [[Radha Ravi]] in supporting roles. The film marked the debut of Raveena Tandon in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2021 |title=Have Always Enjoyed Doing Movies from South, Says Raveena Tandon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/have-always-enjoyed-doing-movies-from-south-says-raveena-tandon-3515744.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214060157/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/have-always-enjoyed-doing-movies-from-south-says-raveena-tandon-3515744.html |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> It was released on 22 July 1994 and became a hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadhu (1994) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sadhu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013161029/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sadhu |archive-date=13 October 2009 |access-date=17 April 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 1994 |title=Saadhu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940722&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Sathyamoorthy lives with his mother and grandfather in the Boat Club area. He earns a degree with first class honors. A notorious local rowdy, Narayanan, eyes the property where Sathyamoorthy lives, and trouble begins when his son threatens Sathyamoorthy’s family. After a violent confrontation, Sathyamoorthy’s grandfather dies, and he and his mother are forced to relocate.<br />
<br />
In their new surroundings, Sathyamoorthy’s mother finds work and encourages him to find better prospects. Later events involve riots, wrongful arrest, and struggles with local criminal factions. Sathyamoorthy eventually decides to confront the gang to end the violence, encouraging reform through political candidacy before uncovering further betrayals and ultimately facing justice.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] as Sathyamoorthy (Sakthi)<br />
* [[Jayabharathi]] as Sathyamoorthy's mother<br />
* [[Raveena Tandon]] as Selvi<br />
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Master<br />
* [[Goundamani]] as Anjukolai Aarumugam/Aarukolai Aarumugam<br />
* [[Radha Ravi]] as Vibhuthi Veeramuthu<br />
* [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Police Inspector Krishnamoorthi<br />
* [[Sethu Vinayagam]] as Minister Neelakandan<br />
* [[Mohan Raj]] as Narayanan<br />
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Police commissioner<br />
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Narayanan's wife<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saadhu |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saadhu/CnQHjRR-Dmk_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218163301/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saadhu/CnQHjRR-Dmk_ |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singers<br />
| total_length = 26:53 <!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --><br />
| writing_credits = <br />
| lyrics_credits = <br />
| music_credits = <br />
| title1 = Ammamma Unnai<br />
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br />
| length1 = 4:44<br />
| title2 = Ithayame Oh<br />
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length2 = 6:35<br />
| title3 = Oorariya Pereduththa<br />
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length3 = 5:00<br />
| title4 = Padikirom<br />
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[Arunmozhi]]<br />
| length4 = 5:40<br />
| title5 = Vitta Mochile<br />
| extra5 = Mano, [[Swarnalatha]]<br />
| length5 = 4:54<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "Vasu has managed to infuse freshness in his screenplay and keeps the viewer's attention engaged for most of the time".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=29 July 1994 |title=Rage of innocence |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6ohlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=937%2C2797665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603072715/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6ohlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=937%2C2797665 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Arjun's performance and Rajeev's characterisation but panned the film for showing violence and then ending the film with a message against non-violence.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர். |date=14 August 1994 |title=சினிமாவுக்குப் போறீங்களா..? |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1994-08-14/kalki1994-08-14.pdf |access-date=26 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=24–26 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0318642}}<br />
<br />
{{P. Vasu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1990s masala films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 action films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by P. Vasu]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sravanthi_(film)&diff=536958
Sravanthi (film)
2026-03-28T23:10:20Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1985 Telugu romance film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sravanthi<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| director =[[Kranthi Kumar]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0474823/ Kranthi Kumar – IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
| producer =K. Kesava Rao<br>Jaya Krishna<br />
| writer =<br />
| story =<br />
| starring =[[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]]<br>[[Suhasini Maniratnam]]<br>[[Sarath Babu]]<br />
| music =[[K. Chakravarthy]]<br />
| cinematography =<br />
| editing =<br />
| studio =<br />
| distributor =Mudhu Art Movies<br />
| released = {{film date|df=y|1985|1|16}}<br />
| runtime =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sravanthi''''' is a 1985 [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] [[romance film]] directed by [[Kranthi Kumar]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122023/http://www.aptalkies.com/movie.php?id=6948 Sravanthi (1986)<!-- Bot generated title -->]}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in 1986 as ''[[Revathi (1986 film)|Revathi]]'' starring [[Revathi]] and [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film depicts the journey of a girl who gradually becomes a strong woman. She knowingly marries a man who is affected with cancer and he dies very soon. She somehow manages to get rid of the trauma and marries another man, who has lost his wife and has a little daughter. But her second husband becomes intolerant of the love and affection she shows towards him. She thus ends up by taking care of his daughter and the parents of her first husband.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]]<br />
*[[Suhasini Maniratnam]] as Sravanti<br />
*[[Sarath Babu]]<br />
*[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]<br />
*[[Mucherla Aruna]]<br />
*[[Nirmalamma]]<br />
<br />
==Sound track==<br />
Music was composed by [[K. Chakravarthy]] with lyrics were written by [[Veturi]].<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Telugu<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Mounam alaapana<br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length1 = 4:16<br />
| title2 = Navvutu Vellipo (Solo)<br />
| extra2 = [[S.P. Balasubramaniam]]<br />
| length2 = 4:30<br />
| title3 = Navvutu (duet)<br />
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length3 = 3:02<br />
| title4 = Sravanthi Sravanthi (title song)<br />
| extra4 = [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br />
| length4 = 2:03<br />
| total_length = 14:11<br />
}}<br />
Later the movie was dubbed into Tamil with the same title 'Sravanthi' lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Tamil (Dubbed version)<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Mounam Kaadhal Mozhi <br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br />
| length1 = 4:16<br />
| title2 = Poovai Pol Vaazhava (Solo)<br />
| extra2 = [[S.P. Balasubramaniam]]<br />
| length2 = 4:30<br />
| title3 = Poovai Pol Vaazhava (duet)<br />
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S.P. Sailaja]]<br />
| length3 = 3:02<br />
| title4 = Sravanthi Sravanthi (title song)<br />
| extra4 = [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br />
| length4 = 2:03<br />
| title5 = Kai Thoda Pogum Nayagan<br />
| extra5 = [[S. P. Sailaja]], Ramesh<br />
| length5 = 4:17<br />
| total_length = 18:28<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
;[[National Film Awards]]<br />
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] - 1986<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1985 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1985 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]<br />
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Kranthi Kumar]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Labour,_Employment,_Training_and_Skill_Development_(Jharkhand)&diff=496256
Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development (Jharkhand)
2026-03-26T11:32:15Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created New Post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Government Department of Jharkhand}}<br />
{{Infobox government agency<br />
| name = Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development<br />
| native_name = श्रम, रोजगार, प्रशिक्षण और कौशल विकास विभाग<br />
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg<br />
| seal_size = 170<br />
| logo = <br />
| formed = <br />
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]<br />
| headquarters = Nepal House, Doranda, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]] - 834002<br />
| minister1_name = [[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]]<br />
| minister1_pfo = Minister in charge<br />
| chief1_name = Jitendra Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| chief1_position = [[Secretary]]<br />
| website = {{Official website|https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/labour}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development''' is a department under the [[Government of Jharkhand]], responsible for labor welfare, employment services, vocational training and skill development initiatives in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/labour |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-27 |title=Start industry-aligned skill training in JSR: DC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/start-industry-aligned-skill-training-in-jsr-dc/articleshow/116723101.cms? |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-21 |title=Jharkhand govt to curb youth migration with skill training and job creation: Industry Minister Sanjay Yadav |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-govt-to-curb-youth-migration-with-skill-training-and-job-creation-industry-minister-sanjay-yadav/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> The department implements labor laws, safeguards workers rights and provides social security to employees in both organized and unorganized sectors.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jharkhand lifts night shift ban for women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/jharkhand-lifts-night-shift-ban-for-women/article69940695.ece |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-27 |title=State govt revives plan to eliminate child labour by '30 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/state-govt-revives-plan-to-eliminate-child-labour-by-30/articleshow/122097063.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17595607223291&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/state-govt-revives-plan-to-eliminate-child-labour-by-30/articleshow/122097063.cms |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranjan |first=Mukesh |date=2024-12-12 |title=Jharkhand government files FIR against Mumbai firm, five brokers for Cameroon job fraud |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/12/jharkhand-government-files-fir-against-mumbai-firm-five-brokers-for-cameroon-job-fraud |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=State lays groundwork to define minimum wages for gig workers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/state-lays-groundwork-to-define-minimum-wages-for-gig-workers/articleshow/104541177.cms |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Level Institute for Rural Skill Acquisition (BIRSA) |url=https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/blifrsa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318074622/https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/blifrsa |archive-date=2025-03-18 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=myScheme - One-stop search and discovery platform of the Government schemes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंड में रोजगार मुहैया कराने की रफ्तार सुस्त, श्रम विभाग का नियोजन पोर्टल युवाओं में फैला रहा है भ्रम |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/jharkhand-labor-department-employment-portal-spreading-confusion-among-youth-jharkhand-news-jhs25031904474 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-18 |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren launches Jharniyojan portal for employment registration |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-launches-jharniyojan-portal-for-employment-registration/articleshow/98747185.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It also oversees [[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institutes]] (ITIs), skill development programs and employment exchanges to enhance employability and support entrepreneurship among youth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission, Vision and Core Values |url=https://iti.jharkhand.gov.in/Director_Portal/AboutDET/Mission%20Vision%20and%20CoreValue.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130131903/https://iti.jharkhand.gov.in/Director_Portal/AboutDET/Mission%20Vision%20and%20CoreValue.aspx |archive-date=2022-11-30 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=iti.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=आईटीआई जामताड़ा में नामांकन को लेकर जागरूकता वाहन रवाना |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/jamtara/awareness-for-admission-in-iti |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Rojgar Mela: हजारीबाग में खुलेगा नौकरी का पिटारा, कई पदों पर होगी बहाली.. 20,000 तक सैलरी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/hazaribagh-rojgar-mela-job-fair-on-10-september-2025-salary-20000-employment-news-local18-ws-kl-9593301.html |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt building a strong and competent workforce: Jharkhand CM - Jharkhand State News |url=https://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/4242/govt-building-a-strong-and-competent-workforce-jharkhand-cm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205225836/https://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/4242/govt-building-a-strong-and-competent-workforce-jharkhand-cm |archive-date=2024-12-05 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=jharkhandstatenews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-03-05 |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren calls for integrating AI in ITI syllabus |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-calls-for-integrating-ai-in-iti-syllabus/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tata Steel Foundation to set-up an ITI in Chandil, signs MoU with state government |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/tata-steel-foundation-to-set-up-an-iti-in-chandil-signs-mou-with-state-government/cid/1859559 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Ministerial team==<br />
The department is headed by the Cabinet Minister of Jharkhand. Civil servants such as the Secretary are appointed to support the minister in managing the department and implementing its functions. Since December 2024, the minister for Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development is [[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Satyajeet |date=2024-12-07 |title=Hemant Soren allocates portfolios to ministers, keeps Home Ministry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-ministry-2646285-2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-06 |title=Hemant Soren distributes portfolios, keeps home; who got what in Jharkhand cabinet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hemant-soren-distributes-portfolios-keeps-home-who-got-what-in-jharkhand-cabinet/articleshow/116044067.cms |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2024-12-06 |title=CM Hemant Soren distributes Jharkhand portfolios to Ministers, keeps Home to himself |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/cm-hemant-soren-distributes-jharkhand-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-to-himself/article68954348.ece |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]<br />
* [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024%E2%80%942025_Indian_farmers%27_protest&diff=483341
2024—2025 Indian farmers' protest
2026-03-26T02:29:38Z
<p>Maryslanker: Starting Basic Details Added Tags...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox civil conflict<br />
| title = 2024–2025 Indian farmers' protest<br />
| partof = <br />
| image = <br />
| place = {{flagu|India}}<br />
| date = 13 February 2024 – Mid 2025<br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| coordinates = <br />
| casualties1 = 3 deaths<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-21 |title=Third police officer dies while on duty at Punjab-Haryana border amid farmers' protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/police-officer-death-punjab-haryana-border-farmers-protest-9173666/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=indianexpress.com|language=en |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304131020/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/police-officer-death-punjab-haryana-border-farmers-protest-9173666/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
Several security force personnel injured<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers' 'Delhi Chalo' Protest: Security force personnel injured as clashes break out between farmers & police |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/farmers-delhi-chalo-protest-security-force-personnel-injured-as-clashes-break-out-between-farmers-police/videoshow/107667952.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=The Economic Times |language=en |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221141115/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/farmers-delhi-chalo-protest-security-force-personnel-injured-as-clashes-break-out-between-farmers-police/videoshow/107667952.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| casualties2 = 5 deaths<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-24 |title=62-year-old dies, farmers' toll rises to 5 in 10 days of 2nd Delhi march |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/62-year-old-dies-farmers-toll-rises-to-5-in-10-days-of-2nd-delhi-march/articleshow/107958010.cms |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224215722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/62-year-old-dies-farmers-toll-rises-to-5-in-10-days-of-2nd-delhi-march/articleshow/107958010.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>160 protestors injured<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kept Order Despite Haryana Cops Injuring 160 Farmers: Punjab To Centre |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/farmer-protest-farmer-agitation-kept-order-despite-haryana-cops-injuring-160-farmers-punjab-to-centre-5100015 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221141115/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/farmer-protest-farmer-agitation-kept-order-despite-haryana-cops-injuring-160-farmers-punjab-to-centre-5100015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| fatalities = <br />
| methods = {{bulleted list <!-- Arrange in usual to occasional --><br />
|[[Political demonstration|Demonstration]]| [[Protest]]| Tractor March<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-12 |title=Modified tractors to lead farmers' protest march, intelligence agencies alert police |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/modified-tractors-to-lead-farmers-protest-march-intelligence-agencies-alert-police/articleshow/107612695.cms |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220144151/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/modified-tractors-to-lead-farmers-protest-march-intelligence-agencies-alert-police/articleshow/107612695.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| causes = <br />
| goals = {{bulleted list <!-- Arrange in usual to occasional --><br />
| Pension of 10,000 [[Indian Rupees|INR]] per month for every farmer above 60 years<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/farmers-protest-is-legal-guarantee-for-msp-the-best-solution/articleshow/107657105.cms | title=Farmers protest: Is legal guarantee for MSP the best solution? | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 February 2024 | access-date=17 February 2024 | archive-date=14 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214105932/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/farmers-protest-is-legal-guarantee-for-msp-the-best-solution/articleshow/107657105.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Fixed daily wages for farming to the farmers under MGNREGA, Rs 700 a day with 200 days of guaranteed employment a year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/farmer-protests-serious-demands-to-modernise-indian-agriculture-are-woefully-missing/articleshow/107732264.cms | title=Farmer protests: Serious demands to modernise Indian agriculture are woefully missing | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 February 2024 | access-date=17 February 2024 | archive-date=17 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217192227/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/farmer-protests-serious-demands-to-modernise-indian-agriculture-are-woefully-missing/articleshow/107732264.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Government to ensure at least 50% profit over their overall cost of production.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-today-why-are-farmers-protesting-demands-nationwide-protest-whats-open-whats-closed-16-february-2024-101708058229152.html | title=Bharat bandh today: What protesting farmers want | date=16 February 2024 | access-date=17 February 2024 | archive-date=16 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216060844/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-today-why-are-farmers-protesting-demands-nationwide-protest-whats-open-whats-closed-16-february-2024-101708058229152.html | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Legal guarantee of [[Minimum support price (India)|minimum support price (MSP)]] for all the crops<br />
| Implement the recommendations of the [[National Commission on Farmers|MS Swaminathan committee on agriculture]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protests-what-is-swaminathan-committee-and-what-did-it-recommend/articleshow/107663624.cms|title=Farmers Protests: What is Swaminathan Committee and what did it recommend?|work=The Economic Times|date=13 February 2024|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=14 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214105930/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protests-what-is-swaminathan-committee-and-what-did-it-recommend/articleshow/107663624.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| Justice for [[Lakhimpur Kheri violence]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/2/14/tear-gas-and-rubber-bullets-as-indian-farmers-march-on-delhi|title=Tear gas and rubber bullets as Indian farmers march on Delhi|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=16 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215171242/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/2/14/tear-gas-and-rubber-bullets-as-indian-farmers-march-on-delhi|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| Urge the government to fulfill its promise to double farmers' incomes, highlighting the surge in cultivation costs over recent years and the stagnation of incomes, which has rendered farming a loss-making enterprise.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><br />
| Call for the withdrawal of legal cases filed against protesters during the previous agitation in 2020-21.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><br />
}}<br />
| result = Protests ended.<br />
| side1 = {{bulleted list <!-- Arrange in usual to occasional --><br />
|[[Government of India]]<br />
|[[Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare]]<br />
}}<br />
| side2 = {{bulleted list <!-- Arrange in usual to occasional --><br />
|[[Bharatiya Kisan Union]]<ref name="Sharma 2024 c005">{{cite web | last=Sharma | first=Sheenu | title=Farmers protest: BKU-Ugrahan calls for 'Rail Roko' in Punjab today from 12 noon to 4 pm | website=India TV News | date=2024-02-14 | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/farmers-protest-bharatiya-kisan-union-calls-for-rail-roko-in-punjab-on-february-15-from-12-00-noon-to-4-00-pm-bku-ugrahan-shambhu-border-latest-update-2024-02-14-916835 | access-date=2024-02-15 | archive-date=2024-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214120803/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/farmers-protest-bharatiya-kisan-union-calls-for-rail-roko-in-punjab-on-february-15-from-12-00-noon-to-4-00-pm-bku-ugrahan-shambhu-border-latest-update-2024-02-14-916835 | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|Punjab Kisan Union<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
The '''2024–2025 Indian farmers' protest''' was the second round of continuous protests and road blockades initiated by farmers in the northern states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] on 13 February 2024, primarily located at Punjab's [[Shambhu, Punjab|Shambhu border]].<ref name= "TH-Farmer-2024">{{cite web|date=1 September 2024|title=At Shambhu, Vinesh Phogat takes up the cudgels on behalf of farmers|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olympian-wrestler-vinesh-phogat-joins-farmers-protest-says-governments-priority-should-be-to-resolve-their-problems/article68589167.ece|access-date=6 September 2024|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref> The main demands of the protests included securing legal assurance for the [[Minimum support price (India)|Minimum Support Price]] (MSP) mechanism for all crops and complete loan relief or debt cancellation for all farmers.<ref name="IT-Farmer-2024">{{cite web |date=1 September 2024|title=Vinesh Phogat joins farmers' stir at Shambhu border |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-to-hold-massive-protest-at-shambhu-border-today-vinesh-phogat-to-join-2591253-2024-08-31 |access-date=6 September 2024|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
{{See also|2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest}}<br />
In September 2020, the Parliament enacted three bills: the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020; the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020; and the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government will repeal all 3 farm laws: Modi |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/government-will-repeal-all-3-farm-laws-modi-80280 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=downtoearth.org.in |date=18 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The administration claims that such laws would diminish the government's involvement in agriculture and create greater opportunities for the private sector. The farmers were concerned that eliminating government protections would make them vulnerable to businesses.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mashal |last2=Schmall |last3=Goldman |first1=Mujib |first2=Emily |first3=Russell |date=2021-01-27 |title=What Prompted the Farm Protests in India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/27/world/asia/india-farmer-protest.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><br />
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In 2021, farmers protested against these laws. Over 200 farmers' organisations joined the protest. On November 19, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that the centre had chosen to revoke the three agriculture laws passed by Parliament in the year 2020.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Shamim |first=Sarah |title=Why are Indian farmers marching on New Delhi? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/13/india-farmers-march-what-are-their-demands-why-is-govt-blocking-roads |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The farmers protested once more, alleging that the governmentfailed to fulfil the promises made in 2020–2021. They also blamed the government for not attempting to double their incomes. Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM) organised a statewide rural and industrial strike to show displeasure with the government.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
==Demands==<br />
2024: Farmers protest demands:<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-15 |title=Farmer protests: Serious demands to modernise Indian agriculture are woefully missing |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/farmer-protests-serious-demands-to-modernise-indian-agriculture-are-woefully-missing/articleshow/107732264.cms |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065011/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/farmer-protests-serious-demands-to-modernise-indian-agriculture-are-woefully-missing/articleshow/107732264.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Farmers demand ordinance on MSP ahead of crucial talks with government today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-talks-with-government-today-arjun-munda-delhi-chalo-shambhu-punjab-haryana-border-police-clashes-tractor-rally-2503624-2024-02-18 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=India Today |date=18 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218142306/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-talks-with-government-today-arjun-munda-delhi-chalo-shambhu-punjab-haryana-border-police-clashes-tractor-rally-2503624-2024-02-18 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers protest 2.0: What do they want? What is their strategy? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protest-2-0-what-do-they-want-what-is-their-strategy/articleshow/107623281.cms |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213162828/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protest-2-0-what-do-they-want-what-is-their-strategy/articleshow/107623281.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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# Minimum Support Price (MSP) Guarantee:<br />
#* The farmers demanded the enactment of a law that ensures a guaranteed minimum price for all crops. This legal assurance would protect their income and provide stability in agricultural markets.<br />
# Debt Waiver:<br />
#* The implementation of the Swaminathan Commission's recommendations was sought to provide debt waivers to farmers. All debts of the farmers above Rs. 10,000 to be waived, worth ₹18.4 lakh [[crore]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farmers' debts increased 53% over the past six years, the Union Finance Ministry told the Rajya Sabha. |url=https://vajiramias.com/current-affairs/farmers-debt/62316ab888b7613095424f57/#:~:text=In%202020-21,%20outstanding%20agricultural%20loans%20for%20scheduled%20commercial,from%206.9%20crore%20to%20more%20than%2010%20crore. |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=vajiramias.com |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225064955/https://vajiramias.com/current-affairs/farmers-debt/62316ab888b7613095424f57/#:~:text=In%202020-21,%20outstanding%20agricultural%20loans%20for%20scheduled%20commercial,from%206.9%20crore%20to%20more%20than%2010%20crore. |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=Farmers' protest: Loan waiver among demands, how Centre has allowed it only twice |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/farmers-protest-loan-waiver-demand-centre-states-9174943/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223104119/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/farmers-protest-loan-waiver-demand-centre-states-9174943/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# Land Acquisition Compensation:<br />
#* Farmers demanded more compensation for land acquired by various authorities for developmental projects. They also sought the reservation of 10% of residential plots on developed lands for the families affected by land acquisition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Delhi Chalo 2.0: Why are the farmers protesting again and what are their key demands? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/delhi-chalo-20-farmers-march-towards-delhi-to-demand-minimum-support-price-and-more/articleshow/107646867.cms |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223200305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/delhi-chalo-20-farmers-march-towards-delhi-to-demand-minimum-support-price-and-more/articleshow/107646867.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# Withdrawal from World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements:<br />
#* Some farmers expressed concerns about the impact of international trade agreements on their livelihoods.<br />
#* They called for India's withdrawal from the WTO and the imposition of a ban on all Free Trade Agreements (FTA).<br />
# Justice for [[Lakhimpur Kheri violence]]:<br />
#* The farmers demanded punishment for the perpetrators of the Lakhimpur Kheri massacre, where several farmers lost their lives.<br />
#* Ensuring justice for the victims and their families is a critical aspect of their protest.<br />
# Pension for Farmers and Farm Labourers:<br />
#* Allocation of pensions to farmers and farm labourers.<br />
# Scrapping the Electricity Amendment Bill 2020:<br />
#* Farmers feared the growing privatisation of electricity and lack trust in state governments to pay subsidies on time.<br />
#* They called for the removal of the bill to safeguard their interests.<br />
# Compensation for Lives Lost During the 2020–2021 Agitation:<br />
#* Families of farmers who died during the 2020–2021 agitation seek monetary compensation.<br />
#* The demand also includes providing employment opportunities for one family member.<br />
# MGNREGA Employment:<br />
#* The farmers advocate for 200 days of employment per year under the [https://palamu.nic.in/scheme/mahatma-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-act/#:~:text=The%20MGNREGA%20was%20initiated%20with,to%20do%20unskilled%20manual%20work%E2%80%9D. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)] for farming.<br />
#* They emphasise a daily wage of Rs 700 to support rural workers.<br />
# National Commission for Spices:<br />
#* The formation of a commission specifically for different spices is requested to address the unique challenges faced by spice growers.<br />
# Protection of Indigenous People's Rights:<br />
#* The farmers seek protection for land, forests, and water sources belonging to tribal communities.<br />
#* Ensuring the rights of indigenous people is a priority.<br />
# Improving Seed Quality:<br />
#* Farmers call for measures to enhance seed quality.<br />
#* They propose penalising companies that produce fake seeds, pesticides, and fertilisers to safeguard agricultural productivity.<br />
<br />
Financial Security:<br />
* Guaranteed Income: Farmers above 60 years of age, are demanding a monthly pension of ₹10,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-20 |title=Won't settle on anything less than legal guarantee for MSP, says SKM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/wont-settle-on-anything-less-than-legal-guarantee-for-msp-says-skm-101708367940718.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Minimum Wages under MGNREGA: Protesters are seeking fixed daily wages for agricultural work under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The proposed wage is ₹700 per day with a guarantee of 200 days of work annually.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-03-26 |title=MGNREGS wage rates revised by up to 10% for 2023-24 fiscal year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-notifies-revised-mgnregs-wage-rates/article66664592.ece |access-date=2024-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* Agro-Industry Integration Farmers seek better integration with the agro-industry to bypass intermediaries and secure direct market access. They aim to establish farmer-producer organisations, enabling collective bargaining power, fair pricing, and reduced dependency on middlemen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farmer Protest 2024: Understanding the Demands and Implications for National Policy {{!}} Best IAS Coaching in Delhi, India |url=https://web.shriramias.in/upsc-zone/understanding-farmer-protest-2024/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=web.shriramias.in |language=en |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218101933/https://web.shriramias.in/upsc-zone/understanding-farmer-protest-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Per WP:VENDOR|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
Market Support:<br />
* Legal Guarantee of Minimum Support Price (MSP) for All Crops: The central demand of the protest is a legal framework guaranteeing MSP for all agricultural produce. Currently, the government announces MSP for only a select few crops, leaving others vulnerable to market fluctuations and potentially lower prices. A legal guarantee would provide farmers with a more stable and predictable income.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title='MSP law, free power, Rs 10,000 pensions': SKM reiterates demands in letter to PM Modi |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-msp-law-free-power-rs-10000-pensions-skm-reiterates-demands-in-letter-to-pm-modi-417326-2024-02-13 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Implementation of Swaminathan Committee Recommendations: The protestors seek the implementation of the recommendations made by the M.S. Swaminathan Committee, a high-level committee formed in 2006 to address agricultural issues in India. The committee's report proposes various measures to improve farmers' income and welfare, including improved infrastructure, investment in research and development, and market reforms.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
* Pensions for farmers, loan waivers, and withdrawal from the [[World Trade Organization]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
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Other Demands:<br />
* Along with this demand, farmers also ask for the withdrawal of cases registered during the last agitation in 2020–21.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
* The farmers also insist that the government ensure at least 50 percent profit over their overall cost of production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=Bharat bandh today: What protesting farmers want |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-today-why-are-farmers-protesting-demands-nationwide-protest-whats-open-whats-closed-16-february-2024-101708058229152.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216060844/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-today-why-are-farmers-protesting-demands-nationwide-protest-whats-open-whats-closed-16-february-2024-101708058229152.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* The farmers also want the government to honor a promise to double their incomes, complaining that costs of cultivation have jumped over the past few years while incomes have stagnated, making farming a loss-making enterprise.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Protests ==<br />
With tens of thousands of farmers marching towards Delhi with their thousands of tractors,<ref name="Pathi 2024">{{cite web |last=Pathi |first=Krutika |date=2024-02-13 |title=Why tens of thousands of Indian farmers are marching toward the capital in protest |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-new-delhi-farmer-protests-e66832e9bf57a3f65b6833f1af8491ba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213223904/https://apnews.com/article/india-new-delhi-farmer-protests-e66832e9bf57a3f65b6833f1af8491ba |archive-date=2024-02-13 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=AP News}}</ref> the police sealed the borders and placed barricades to prevent the farmers from entering Delhi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers' protest: Delhi turns into fortress as thousands march to India capital |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68271356 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213043704/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68271356 |archive-date=2024-02-13 |access-date=2024-02-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Section 144]] was imposed for a month, preventing the gathering of three or more people.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers Protest: Protesters break barricades, cops lob tear gas |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/farmers-protest-delhi-farmers-protest-news-farmers-protest-today-chalo-delhi-delhi-chalo-march-section-144-13-february-11707756389130.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215095420/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/farmers-protest-delhi-farmers-protest-news-farmers-protest-today-chalo-delhi-delhi-chalo-march-section-144-13-february-11707756389130.html |archive-date=2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> At the Shambu border between [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], where thousands of farmers gathered, police used tear gas and rubber bullets, while drones flew overhead to drop tear gas on the protesting crowds.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=India farmers' protest: Tear gas fired as thousands march on fortress Delhi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68271356 |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Barricades were also placed at the Gazipur and Tikri borders.<ref name=":2" /> Internet services were suspended in seven districts of Haryana.<ref name=":0" /> The borders between Haryana and [[Delhi]] were also blocked. Not all the farmers that participated in the 2020 protests are part of this protest. A group of 250 farmers' unions, organized under the Kisan Mazdoor Morcha and the Samyukta Kisan Morcha (a non-political platform consisting of 150 unions) from Punjab, are leading the 2024 protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers protest in Delhi: Key players, why is it happening, demands, all the details |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-in-delhi-key-players-why-is-it-happening-demands-all-the-details-417231-2024-02-13 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers protest 2.0: What do they want? What is their strategy? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protest-2-0-what-do-they-want-what-is-their-strategy/articleshow/107623281.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213162828/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/farmers-protest-2-0-what-do-they-want-what-is-their-strategy/articleshow/107623281.cms |archive-date=2024-02-13 |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
The march was paused as discussions were ongoing between the farmer's unions and the government ministers.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Rupam |last2=Kataria |first2=Sunil |date=2024-02-16 |title=Indian farmers pause protest march to Delhi as government talks continue |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-farmers-postpone-protest-march-delhi-talks-with-govt-continue-2024-02-16/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
After again suspending their strike until the end of February after a young farmer died during the protests, the farmers resumed their march to the capital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-06 |title=Farmers' protest: March to restart amid tight security at Delhi's borders |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68476463 |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The protest leaders alleged that dozens of farmers were detained during the march, forcing them to call it off. The [[Samyukt Kisan Morcha|Samyukta Kisan Morcha (Non-Political)]] said in a statement that farmers moving towards Delhi had been stopped by police in some states. Reportedly, fifty farmers were taken into custody in Rajasthan on March 5, while others travelling to Delhi by train were also detained. The [[Rajasthan Police|Rajasthan police]] denied detaining any farmers.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 6, 2024 |title=Indian farmers say detentions foil Delhi protest, police say no one held |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-farmers-say-detentions-foil-delhi-protest-police-say-no-one-held-2024-03-06/ |access-date=March 6, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of Mid 2025 the protests have ended. Small agitation still continue but for other reasons.<br />
<br />
==Government proposals==<br />
===Centre proposes 5-year plan to farmers to buy pulses, maize at MSP===<br />
Following the fourth round of talks between a government panel and the farmers, the central government proposed a 5-year plan for the procurement of pulses and maize at Minimum Support Price (MSP). The MSP serves as a protective measure devised by the government to assure farmers of a guaranteed price for their harvest, shielding them from market uncertainties. Acknowledging the significance of pulses and maize in the agricultural landscape, the government's proposition seeks to extend enduring assistance by ensuring a steady income for farmers.<br />
<br />
Under the proposal, a fixed quantity of pulses and maize will be procured at MSP over the next five years. This initiative holds paramount importance in fostering price stability, curbing the exploitation of farmers by intermediaries, and fostering agricultural sustainability. By establishing a dependable market and an equitable pricing system, the plan endeavours to motivate farmers to persist in cultivating these crops, thus bolstering the country's food security efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre proposes 5-year plan to farmers to buy pulses, maize at MSP {{!}} Best IAS Coaching in Delhi, India |url=https://web.shriramias.in/upsc-zone/centre-proposes-5-year-plan-to-farmers-to-buy-pulses-maize-at-msp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219135858/https://web.shriramias.in/upsc-zone/centre-proposes-5-year-plan-to-farmers-to-buy-pulses-maize-at-msp/ |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=web.shriramias.in |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Per WP:VENDOR|date=February 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government proposes 5-year plan for key crop prices, over to farmers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-government-talks-msp-5-year-proposal-pulses-cotton-diversification-delhi-chalo-paused-skm-shambhu-border-2503918-2024-02-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220144149/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/farmers-protest-government-talks-msp-5-year-proposal-pulses-cotton-diversification-delhi-chalo-paused-skm-shambhu-border-2503918-2024-02-19 |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=India Today |date=19 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gathering of farmers' organisations==<br />
{{context|section|details=Clarification is needed as to whether the 'Delhi Chalo' protest is a single protest or multiple protests, and when and where it is taking place|date=February 2024}}<br />
The [[Samyukt Kisan Morcha|Samyukta Kisan Morcha]], a non-political body of farmers that claims to be a platform of over 150 farmer organisations, and the Kisan Mazdoor Morcha, which is backed by another 100 farmers' unions, are leading the 'Delhi Chalo' march.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers Protest LIVE Updates: Congress will give legal MSP guarantee, says Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/farmers-protest-live-chalo-delhi-march-punjab-haryana-up-noida-kisan-andolan-today-13-february-2024-101707775882798.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213162735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/farmers-protest-live-chalo-delhi-march-punjab-haryana-up-noida-kisan-andolan-today-13-february-2024-101707775882798.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Farmers back on road to Delhi: How the current protest differs from the 2020-21 edition |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/farmers-how-current-protest-differs-from-2020-21-9157982/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212224135/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/farmers-how-current-protest-differs-from-2020-21-9157982/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The protests are led by Jagjit Singh Dallewal of BKU (Dallewal) and Sarvan Singh Pandher of Kisan Mazdoor Morcha.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Farmers protest: How Delhi Chalo 2.0 is different & which groups are leading it this time |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/farmers-protest-how-delhi-chalo-2-0-is-different-which-organizations-are-leading-the-movement-this-time/articleshow/107646536.cms |access-date=2024-02-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death and injuries==<br />
February 2024 clashes:<br />
<br />
*Five farmers died during the protests at the Shambhu and Khanauri borders between February 16 and 23, 2024.<ref name=":5" /><br />
*Three deaths were attributed to cardiac arrest, according to hospital records.<ref>{{cite news |title=Farmers' protest: 4 farmers dead, 46 admitted to hospital, 18 with 'gunshot' injuries |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2024/02/23/farmers-protest-4-farmers-dead-46-admitted-to-hospital-18-with-gunshot-injuries |access-date=2024-02-23 |website= Newslaundry}}</ref><ref name=ww>{{cite news |title=Who was Shubhkaran Singh? The young farmer who died during protests |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/who-was-shubhkaran-singh-the-young-farmer-who-died-during-protests-2905469 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Deccanherald |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223132200/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/who-was-shubhkaran-singh-the-young-farmer-who-died-during-protests-2905469 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*The cause of death for Shubhkaran Singh, a 21-year-old protester, is undetermined. Farmers allege he died from police firing, while hospital records state he was "brought dead." No postmortem has been conducted yet.<ref name=ww/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dead Farmer Leaves Behind Mentally-Ill Father, Student Sister And A Loan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shubhkaran-singh-farmers-protest-farmer-killed-in-protest-owned-2-acre-land-took-loan-for-sisters-wedding-5105592 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=NDTV |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223041356/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shubhkaran-singh-farmers-protest-farmer-killed-in-protest-owned-2-acre-land-took-loan-for-sisters-wedding-5105592 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*The other deceased include Gyan Singh (65), Manjeet Singh (72), Narendra Pal Singh (45) and Darshan Singh (62).<ref>{{cite news |title=Another protesting farmer dies of heart attack at Khanauri border |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chandigarh/another-protesting-farmer-dies-of-heart-attack-at-khanauri-border-2907544 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Deccanherald |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223132159/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chandigarh/another-protesting-farmer-dies-of-heart-attack-at-khanauri-border-2907544 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann announces Rs 1 crore ex-gratia for farmer who died during farmers protest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-announces-rs-1-crore-ex-gratia-for-farmer-who-died-during-farmers-protest/articleshow/107932980.cms |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=TIO |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223132159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-announces-rs-1-crore-ex-gratia-for-farmer-who-died-during-farmers-protest/articleshow/107932980.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-23 |title=Delhi Chalo 2.0: Another farmer dies, 5th death during ongoing protest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/another-farmer-dies-at-khanouri-border-death-toll-rises-to-5-during-delhi-chalo-protest/articleshow/107933895.cms |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224194956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/another-farmer-dies-at-khanouri-border-death-toll-rises-to-5-during-delhi-chalo-protest/articleshow/107933895.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Responses and reactions ==<br />
A video containing the comments of Jagjit Singh Dallewal of BKU (Dallewal), an important leader of the protest, has generated some amount of controversy. In this video, Dallewal is shown indicating that they want to bring down [[Narendra Modi]]'s graph (his popularity) that soared due to the [[consecration of the Ram Mandir]], and that these protests offer a window of opportunity to achieve that.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phadke |first=Ruddhi |date=2024-02-15 |title='Need To Bring Modi's Graph Down...': Big 'Political' Comment By Farmer Leader Jagjit Singh Dallewal Triggers Row (VIDEO) |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/will-bring-modis-graph-down-says-farmer-leader-jagjit-singh-dallewal-amid-delhi-chalo-protest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220072738/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/will-bring-modis-graph-down-says-farmer-leader-jagjit-singh-dallewal-amid-delhi-chalo-protest |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Free Press Journal}}</ref> These remarks were criticized by Khattar, the Haryana Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-15 |title=Farmers moving like army with tractors; making political comments: Haryana CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/farmers-moving-like-army-with-tractors-earthmovers-making-political-comments-haryana-cm-101707987919745.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220072738/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/farmers-moving-like-army-with-tractors-earthmovers-making-political-comments-haryana-cm-101707987919745.html |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> However, Pawan Khera of the [[Indian National Congress]] supported Dallewal's remarks, responding that the farmers have every right to express their political views.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-15 |agency=PTI |title='Modi graph' video: Cong says farmer has right to air political views, BJP points to PM's popularity |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-graph-video-cong-says-farmer-has-right-to-air-political-views-bjp-points-to-pms-popularity/articleshow/107728820.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220072738/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-graph-video-cong-says-farmer-has-right-to-air-political-views-bjp-points-to-pms-popularity/articleshow/107728820.cms |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]]<br />
*[[Farmers' protest]]<br />
*[[Lakhimpur Kheri violence]]<br />
*[[2017 Tamil Nadu farmers' protest]]<br />
*[[Dutch farmers' protests]]<br />
*[[2023–2024 German farmers' protests]]<br />
*[[2024 French farmers' protests]]<br />
*[[2024 European farmers' protests]]<br />
*[[2024 Polish farmers' protests]]<br />
*[[November 2024 United Kingdom farmers' protests]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian farmers' protest, 2024}}<br />
[[Category:2024 protests]]<br />
[[Category:2024 in Indian politics]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:2024 in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:February 2024 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Protests in India|Farmers]]<br />
[[Category:History of agriculture in India|2024 farmers protest]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Post_Office,_Patna&diff=500206
General Post Office, Patna
2026-03-21T02:47:58Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created A Data...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| name = General Post Office, Patna<br />
| logo = <!--[[File:India Post Logo.svg]]--><br />
| logo_size = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Patna<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location in [[Patna]]<br />
| pushpin_mapsize = 270<br />
| pushpin_label = <br />
| pushpin_mark = <br />
| pushpin_relief = 1<br />
| former_names = Post and Telegraph Office, Patna<br />
| alternate_names = Patna GPO<br />
| etymology = <br />
| status = Completed<br />
| cancelled = <br />
| topped_out = <br />
| building_type = [[Government]]<br />
| architectural_style = [[Gothic Revival architecture]]<br />
| classification = <br />
| location = Buddh Marg, [[Patna]], India<br />
| address = <br />
| location_city = <!-- or | location_town = --><br />
| location_country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25.603252|85.132004|type:landmark_region:IN-BR|display=title,inline|format=dms}}<br />
| altitude = <br />
| current_tenants = [[India Post]]<br />
| namesake = <br />
| groundbreaking_date = 1 December 1912 (keystone setting)<br />
| construction_start_date = 1912<br />
| construction_stop_date = <br />
| est_completion = <br />
| topped_out_date = <br />
| completion_date = 1917<br />
| opened_date = {{end date|1917|07|01|df=y}}<br />
| inauguration_date = <br />
| relocated_date = <br />
| renovation_date = <br />
| closing_date = <br />
| demolished_date = <br />
| cost = INR 2.69 lakh<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gpo-delivers-1-lakh-letters-parcels-daily/articleshow/60179985.cms|title=GPO delivers 1 lakh letters, parcels daily - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-09|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828054448/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gpo-delivers-1-lakh-letters-parcels-daily/articleshow/60179985.cms|archive-date=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| ren_cost = <br />
| client = <br />
| owner = India Post<br />
| landlord = <br />
| affiliation = <br />
| height = <br />
| architectural = <br />
| tip = <br />
| antenna_spire = <br />
| roof = <br />
| top_floor = <br />
| observatory = <br />
| diameter = <br />
| circumference = <br />
| weight = <br />
| other_dimensions = <br />
| structural_system = <br />
| material = <br />
| size = <br />
| floor_count = <br />
| floor_area = <br />
| elevator_count = <br />
| grounds_area = <br />
| architect = [[Joseph Fearis Munnings]]<ref name="Thesis">{{Cite web|url=https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8969/thesis_fulltext.pdf;sequence=2|title=ARCHITECT OF EMPIRE: JOSEPH FEARIS MUNNINGS 1879-1937|last=Roberts|first=Heulwen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080316/https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8969/thesis_fulltext.pdf;sequence=2|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-04|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| architecture_firm = <br />
| developer = <br />
| engineer = <br />
| structural_engineer = <br />
| services_engineer = <br />
| civil_engineer = <br />
| other_designers = <br />
| quantity_surveyor = <br />
| main_contractor = <br />
| awards = <br />
| designations = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| ren_architect = <br />
| ren_firm = <br />
| ren_engineer = <br />
| ren_str_engineer = <br />
| ren_serv_engineer = <br />
| ren_civ_engineer = <br />
| ren_oth_designers = <br />
| ren_qty_surveyor = <br />
| ren_contractor = <br />
| ren_awards = <br />
| number_of_rooms = <br />
| parking = <br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --><br />
| embed = <br />
| embedded = <br />
| references = <ref name="TOI" /><ref name="Thesis">{{Cite web|url=https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8969/thesis_fulltext.pdf;sequence=2|title=ARCHITECT OF EMPIRE: JOSEPH FEARIS MUNNINGS 1879-1937|last=Roberts|first=Heulwen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080316/https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8969/thesis_fulltext.pdf;sequence=2|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-04|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="HT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna-gpo-completes-100-years-special-stamp-likely/story-ds0YWFzZcYNxCPfIJORGxN.html|title=Patna GPO completes 100 years, special stamp likely|date=2017-07-01|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102315/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna-gpo-completes-100-years-special-stamp-likely/story-ds0YWFzZcYNxCPfIJORGxN.html|archive-date=17 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''General Post Office, Patna''' (abbreviation '''GPO''', commonly known as the '''Patna GPO''') is a [[British Raj]] building located in [[Patna, Bihar]], India. It is the central [[post office]] of the city of Patna and the headquarters of India Post's Bihar Circle. It is located on the intersection of Buddh Marg and New Market Station Road. The post office handles most of the city's inbound and outbound mails and parcels. As of 2017, GPO Patna delivers 1 lakh letters and parcels daily through 96 postmen. It also has more than 12 lakh [[savings accounts]].<ref name="TOI" /><br />
<br />
The building was designed by New Zealand-born architect Joseph Fearis Munnings. The GPO campus also houses the office of the [[Postmaster|Chief Postmaster]] General for Bihar Circle. The construction of building started in 1912 and was completed in 1917. The building was opened to public in 1917 and was then known as Post and Telegraph Office. The building was part of the New Patna that British established in 1912 after the division of [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar and Orissa]] from [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref name="Thesis" /> The post office celebrated its centenary year in 2017.<br />
<br />
[[File:Post and Telegraph Office, Patna.JPG|right|thumb|View of Post and Telegraph Office, Patna (1916)]]<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
At the Delhi Durbar of 1911 King [[George V]] announced the creation of a new province of [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar and Orissa]] under a lieutenant-governor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/hardinge-park-turns-102-viceroy-statues-pedestal-demolished/1242888|title=Hardinge Park turns 102; viceroy statue's pedestal demolished|access-date=2018-03-04|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511080513/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/hardinge-park-turns-102-viceroy-statues-pedestal-demolished/1242888|archive-date=11 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> British decided Patna to be the capital of the new province. With this came the need to establish government offices and buildings such as the [[Patna Secretariat]], [[Raj Bhavan (Bihar)]], [[Patna University]] campus, [[Patna High Court]], Post and Telegraph Office.<ref name="Thesis" /><br />
<br />
Munnings was appointed as Consulting Architect to the Government of Bihar and Orissa in the year 1912 and was tasked with the planning and development of New Patna.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdAZDgAAQBAJ&q=Consulting+Architect+to+the+Government+of+Bihar+and+Orissa+J+F+Munnings&pg=PA78|title=India: Modern Architectures in History|last1=Scriver|first1=Peter|last2=Srivastava|first2=Amit|date=2015-02-15|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781780234687|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511080512/https://books.google.com/books?id=AdAZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=Consulting+Architect+to+the+Government+of+Bihar+and+Orissa+J+F+Munnings&source=bl&ots=mX4GOetPb1&sig=-hWmgadKusWfxM3X5THa4FFMDyo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8zpWesNPZAhUQq1kKHfefBigQ6AEINzAC#v=onepage&q=Consulting%20Architect%20to%20the%20Government%20of%20Bihar%20and%20Orissa%20J%20F%20Munnings&f=false|archive-date=11 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] laid the stone of new buildings in Patna on 1 December 1912.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Kerosene-lamps-illuminated-Patna-in-1912/articleshow/19138112.cms|title=Kerosene lamps illuminated Patna in 1912 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-04|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511080512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Kerosene-lamps-illuminated-Patna-in-1912/articleshow/19138112.cms|archive-date=11 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The construction of the building started in 1912 and was completed in 1917. It was opened for the public on 1 July 1917 with 17 employees in total and was built over an area of 22 acres.<ref name="TOI" /><br />
<br />
Patna GPO when built was known as Post and Telegraph Office. It was however, not the first post office in Patna. The first post office in official records of Patna was near Anisabad area. This post office was later shifted to [[Bankipore]], 150 metres away from the current GPO building. When the GPO building was constructed, the Bankipore post office moved to Muradabad area on Ashok Rajpath. The first post office of the province of Bihar and Orissa was opened near [[Hazaribagh]] - now part of the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="TOI1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patnas-iconic-gpo-turns-100-today/articleshow/59391907.cms|title=Patna's iconic GPO turns 100 today - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317211746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patnas-iconic-gpo-turns-100-today/articleshow/59391907.cms|archive-date=17 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Building and architecture==<br />
The post and telegraph office, Patna was built in Gothic Revival architectural style.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thebiharpost.com/glorious-moment-for-bihar-as-british-era-gpo-completes-100-years/|title=Glorious moment for Bihar as British era GPO completes 100 years|date=2017-07-01|work=The Bihar Post|access-date=2018-03-16|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317103547/http://thebiharpost.com/glorious-moment-for-bihar-as-british-era-gpo-completes-100-years/|archive-date=17 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> J.F. Munnings was the main architect on the project and was influenced by choice of local materials and plain designs.<ref name="Thesis" /> These constraints were also practical in nature as it was the time when [[World War I]] was waging and [[British Empire]] was one of the main belligerents of the [[Allies of World War I|allied powers]]. This led to the plain designs of the building as the empire was spending more on war efforts.<ref name="Thesis" /><br />
<br />
The building is a flat roofed, plastered brick building featuring [[Chhajja]]. The building also has [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] features as when built, it was located on the edge of the old city of Patna and was on the road leading from old city to the new capital city of Patna. It also features an [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]].<ref name="Thesis" /><br />
<br />
The original structure had three porticoes - north, south and east. East portico functioned as the main entrance. The western flank was added later. The ground floor has seven rooms and four halls with counter areas. The first floor houses 14 halls which are quite huge in size. The chief postmaster's office is now located in the central portion, while the deputy postmaster's office is located underneath it.<ref name="TOI1" /><br />
<br />
The building was renovated in the year 2000 at a cost of INR 1.25 crore. The renovation also added five gardens, including one having medicinal herbs to the campus.<ref name="HT" /><br />
<br />
== Location ==<br />
Patna GPO is located in [[Beer Chand Patel Path]] locality of Patna. The main building is located on the intersection of Buddh Marg and New Market Station Road. The main portico of the building faces in the south east direction. GPO is less than 1&nbsp;km from [[Patna Junction]] and around 6&nbsp;km from [[Patna Airport]]. [[Hardinge Park]] is located on west side of the GPO campus.<br />
<br />
==Current use==<br />
Patna GPO currently serves as the main post office of the city of Patna and is also the head office of Bihar circle of India Post. The area of the building is around 2.5 lakh sq ft and houses almost 296 employees. One multipurpose hall on ground floor houses the counters of all the mail and booking services. The other three halls on ground floor deal with financial services, staff and [[philately]]. A separate area for 96 postmen is housed in seven other rooms on the same floor in the southern flank. Mail, delivery and parcel sections are also present in the same section. There are separate counters for senior citizens and students in the northern side of the building.<ref name="TOI1" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Patna Secretariat]]<br />
* [[Raj Bhavan (Bihar)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.indiapost.gov.in/vas/Pages/IndiaPostHome.aspx India Post Website]<br />
<br />
{{Postal administrations of Asia}}<br />
{{Patna}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government buildings in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Government of Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Post office buildings in India|P]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheila_Ki_Jawani&diff=459285
Sheila Ki Jawani
2026-03-20T15:38:00Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox song<br />
| name = Sheila Ki Jawani<br />
| cover =<br />
| caption =<br />
| artist = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Vishal Dadlani]]<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| English_title = <br />
| A-side = <br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2010|11|14}}<br />
| recorded = <br />
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Pop-folk]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=4|s=43}}<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| lyricist = [[Vishal Dadlani]]<br />
|writer=| composer = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]<br />
| producer = <br />
* [[Twinkle Khanna]]<br />
* [[Shirish Kunder]]<br />
* [[Ronnie Screwvala]]<br />
}}<br />
"'''Sheila Ki Jawani'''" ({{lit|Sheila's youth}}) is an Indian [[Hindi-language]] song sung by [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] and [[Vishal Dadlani]], featuring [[Katrina Kaif]] along with [[Akshay Kumar]] in the 2010 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''. The music was composed by composer duo [[Vishal–Shekhar]] and the lyrics were penned by Dadlani.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|title=Katrina works on herself for 'Sheila Ki Jawani'|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/61521.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113224031/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/61521.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2010|accessdate=21 December 2011|newspaper=Indiaglitz|date=12 November 2010}}</ref> The moves were choreographed by choreographer-director [[Farah Khan]], who went on to win the [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography]] for the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Small-budget 'Udaan' sweeps Filmfare Awards|url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/hollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4865993|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719053118/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/hollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4865993|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2012|publisher=MSN India|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
The popularity of the song prompted many comparisons with "[[Munni Badnaam Hui]]" from the 2010 film ''[[Dabangg]]''.<ref name="munnivssheila">{{cite web|title=Munni - Sheila battle heats up|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20100162156&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA|publisher=NDTV Movies|accessdate=21 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206074900/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20100162156&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA|archive-date=6 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has since become one of the most viewed Bollywood songs on [[YouTube]] with more than 305 million views to date.<br />
<br />
==Influences==<br />
Katrina Kaif stated that [[Farah Khan]] presented her with DVDs of [[Madhuri Dixit]]'s movies, so that Katrina could concentrate on Dixit's dances. Kaif then stated that it helped her a lot.<ref name="Madhuri">{{cite news|last=Ashar|first=Urvashi|title=Katrina's 'Sheila' dedicated to Madhuri|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-08/news-interviews/28217808_1_madhuri-dixit-raunchy-number-dance|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103091300/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-08/news-interviews/28217808_1_madhuri-dixit-raunchy-number-dance|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|accessdate=21 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2010}}</ref> Kaif describes her performance in this song as "one of the sexiest" she has ever done.<ref>{{cite web|title='Sheila Ki Jawani' is the sexiest song I have ever shot, says Katrina|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/sheila-ki-jawani-is-the-sexiest-song-i-have-ever-shot-says-katrina_76548.htm|publisher=Zee News|accessdate=22 December 2011}}</ref> She said, "It was kind of a learning experience for me. I don't take the song being called item number as an offense. There is exposure in the song but it is more about attitude and I was specific about it..." Director Farah Khan recalls, "Katrina was very conscious of revealing her navel in 'Sheila ki Jawani' and worked out for two months for it, telling me to allow her an option to cover herself with a dupatta if her abs weren't flat. But in the end, she was extremely confident, not bothering to cover up with a bathrobe in between shots or even in the walk from her vanity van to the set."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/blog-radio/story/20110613-bollywood-deepika-padukone-katrina-navel-look-is-new-cleavage-for-sexy-indian-women-and-re-emergence-of-sari-746338-2011-06-03|title=Bollywood navel fashion has led to re-emergence of sari|author=Shilpa Rathnam Prachi Rege Kaveree Bamzai |date=June 3, 2011 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music video ==<br />
Both the official music video and the full video feature Kaif shooting for an eponymous film with Dadlani as director in a special appearance. Kumar and his gang, comprising [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]], Dharampal and [[Vijay Maurya]], then interrupt the music video shoot twice, only to be dragged away by security.<br />
<br />
The extended video cut ends with Kumar smashing director Dadlani's head with a mug and carrying away Kaif on his shoulders as the background dancers scatter in a frenzy. Kumar is shown to detest the shoot and tries to distract Kaif, annoying director Dadlani in the bargain.<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
<br />
The song was well received by film critics, who praised the choreography of Farah Khan and the moves of Katrina. [[Anupama Chopra]] of [[NDTV]] wrote, "Farah continues to be the consummate choreographer – So, Sheila ki Jawani has a superb, infectious energy".<ref>{{cite web|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|title=Review: Tees Maar Khan|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=583&albumname=Movie%20Review:%20Tees%20Maar%20Khan&cp|publisher=NDTV Movies|accessdate=22 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162056/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=583&albumname=Movie%20Review:%20Tees%20Maar%20Khan&cp|archive-date=14 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "Of course Sheila Ki Jawani is eye-popping chartbuster fare and adds another definition to the item number with Katrina's explosive rendition".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat|title=Tees Maar Khan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Tees-Maar-Khan/movie-review/7149954.cms|accessdate=22 December 2011|newspaper=Times of India|date=23 December 2011}}</ref> India Today wrote "The stunning Katrina Kaif brings sexy back with her latest item song from Farah Khan's ''Tees Maar Khan''."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/katrina-kaifs-bold-act-in-sheila-ki-jawani-85672-2010-11-15|title=Katrina Kaifs bold act in Sheila Ki Jawani|access-date=2017-09-24}}</ref> The Times of India, praising Katrina in item songs, wrote, "Katrina Kaif made men go weak on their knees with her [[navel exposure]] for the item songs, 'Sheila ki Jawani' and '[[Chikni Chameli]]' which were major hits in her career."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/celebrities-with-hot-navel-show/Katrina-Kaif-made-men-go-weak-on-their-knees-Photogallery-Times-of-India/articleshow/47472777.cms|title=Katrina Kaif made men go weak on their knees Photogallery - Times of India|work=The Times of India Photogallery|access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref><br />
<br />
The song turned out to be one of the biggest hits of the year, along with "[[Munni Badnaam Hui]]" from ''[[Dabangg]]''.<ref name="munnivssheila" /> [[Malaika Arora]], who featured in "Munni Badnaam Hui" was frequently compared with Kaif, in what was popularly known as the "Munni vs Sheila" debate.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nagpaul-D'Souza|first=Dipti|title=Munni vs Sheila: The way of the 'Item Bomb'|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/munni-vs-sheila-the-way-of-the-item-bomb/729468/1|accessdate=22 December 2011|newspaper=Indian Express|date=26 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wangoo|first=Anupama|title=Sheila steals Munni's thunder|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sheila-steals-Munnis-thunder/articleshow/7164852.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701180033/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-26/chandigarh/28217169_1_munni-badnaam-hui-malaika-arora-jawani|url-status=live|archive-date=1 July 2012|access-date=22 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 December 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversy==<br />
In December 2010, a [[Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) was filed in the Lucknow bench of the [[Allahabad High Court]], with the petitioner asking for a ban of the song, claiming it was "indecent" and "immoral".<ref>{{cite news|title=PIL demands ban on Munni Badnaam Hui and Sheila Ki Jawani|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/123107/pil-demands-ban-munni-badnaam.html|accessdate=21 December 2011|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=23 December 2010}}</ref> However, the movie was released with minimal cuts, and was given a [[Censor Board of India#Current certificates|U/A censor rating]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tees Maar Khan in censor trouble; gets U/A certificate|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Tees-Maar-Khan-in-censor-trouble--gets-U-A-certificate/723416|accessdate=21 December 2011|newspaper=Indian Express|date=11 December 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"| Award<br />
!scope="col"| Category<br />
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br />
!scope="col"| Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="4" | [[3rd Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]]<br />
| -<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="4" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130070949/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-01-30|title=Nominees - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010|date=2011-01-30|access-date=2018-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/winers.php|title=Winners - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]]<br />
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Item Song of the Year<br />
| -<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Listeners' Choice Song of the Year<br />
| -<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
<br />
;[[International Indian Film Academy|IIFA Awards]]<br />
;;Nominated<br />
* [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback|IIFA Best Female Playback]] - [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] for Sheila Ki Jawani<br />
<br />
;[[Zee Cine Awards]]<br />
<br />
;;Won<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2011|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/14/7016/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117104412/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/14/7016/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2011|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref><br />
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography Award]] - Farah Khan for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
<br />
;;Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for Zee Cine Awards 2011|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/01/6977/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105041016/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/01/6977/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2011|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=7 January 2011}}</ref><br />
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year]] - "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director]] - Vishal / Shekhar<br />
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer - Female]] - Sunidhi Chauhan for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist]] - Vishal Dadlani for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
<br />
;[[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
;;Won<br />
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Filmfare Best Playback Singer - Female]] - [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] for Sheila Ki Jawani<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-29 |title=Udaan, Dabangg top winners at Filmfare Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/udaan-dabangg-top-winners-at-filmfare-awards/articleshow/7385103.cms |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Filmfare Best Choreography Award]] - [[Farah Khan]] for Sheila Ki Jawani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-14 |title=Winners of 56th Filmfare Awards 2011 {{!}} Latest Movie Features - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1800/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214184544/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1800/ |archive-date=14 February 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
;[[Star Screen Awards]]<br />
;;Nominated<br />
*[[Screen Award for Best Female Playback]] for Sheila Ki Jawani ([[Sunidhi Chauhan]])<br />
<br />
;[[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards]]<br />
;;Won<br />
*Best Female Playback Singer for - Sheila Ki Jawani - [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
<br />
;[[3rd Mirchi Music Awards|Mirchi Music Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130070949/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-01-30|title=Nominees - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010|date=2011-01-30|access-date=2018-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/winers.php|title=Winners - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010}}</ref><br />
;;Won<br />
*Listeners' Choice Song of the Year for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
;;Nominated<br />
* [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]] for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
* [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]] - Sunidhi Chauhan for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
* Best Item Song of the Year for "Sheila Ki Jawani"<br />
<br />
;Other Awards<br />
;;Won<br />
* GIMA award Best Female playback for Sheila Ki Jawani - [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
* Airtel Dancing Super Star for Sheila Ki Jawani - [[Katrina Kaif]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vishal–Shekhar}}<br />
{{Sunidhi Chauhan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2010 songs]]<br />
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Pop-folk songs]]<br />
[[Category:Songs with music by Vishal–Shekhar]]<br />
[[Category:Sunidhi Chauhan songs]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archdiocese_of_Shillong&diff=487346
Archdiocese of Shillong
2026-03-17T20:16:37Z
<p>Maryslanker: Starting The Details W/ Infobox...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Meghalaya, India}}<br />
{{For|the Church of North India diocese based in Shillong|Diocese of North East India}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox diocese<br />
|jurisdiction = Metropolitan Archdiocese<br />
|name = Shillong<br />
|latin = Archidioecesis Shillongensis<br />
|local = Ka Jyllaniam Bah Shillong<br />
|image = Church of Shillong.JPG<br />
|caption = Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians<br />
|country = [[India]]<br />
|province = Province of Shillong<br />
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]<br />
|rite = [[Roman Rite]]<br />
|cathedral = [[Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians]] in [[Shillong]]<br />
|cocathedral = <br />
|area_km2 = 5,196<br />
|population = 1,233,000<br />
|population_as_of = 2021<br />
|catholics = 346,060<br />
|catholics_percent= 28.1<br />
|parishes = 47<br />
|priests = 189<br />
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<br />
|metro_archbishop = ''[[Victor Lyngdoh]]''<br />
|coadjutor = <br />
|auxiliary_bishops= Bernard Laloo<br />
| website = [https://www.archdioceseofshillong.org/ archdioceseofshillong]<br />
|map = Map of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong.png<br />
|territory=East khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi District<br />
|metropolitan=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong<br />
|headquarters=Archbishop House, Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians, Laitumkhrah, Shillong<br />
|denomination=Roman Catholic<br />
|churches=Approx. 3000 - 3500 chapels<br />
|founded={{start date and age|df=yes|1890}}<br />
|language=English, local languages<br />
|ecclesiastical region=The North Eastern Regional Bishops' Council<br />
|subdivisions=8 zones<br />
|episcopal conference="[[Conference of Catholic Bishops of India]]"<br />
|calendar=Gregorian calendar<br />
|parent_church="[[Diocese of Krishnagar]]"<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Shillong Mary Help of Christians Cathedral - Meghalaya.jpg|thumb|250px|Statue of [[Mary Help of Christians]] on the facade of the cathedral]]<br />
The '''Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong''' ({{langx|la|Shillongensis}}) is a Roman Catholic [[archdiocese]] with its jurisdiction in the two district of Ri Bhoi and East khasi Hills State of [[Meghalaya]], in northeastern [[India]]. The Archdiocese of Shillong is also the [[metropolitan diocese]] of the Province of Shillong, an [[ecclesiastical province]] in [[Northeast India]]. It serves 346,060 followers in 47 parishes under 8 zones in the 2 districts. The rural parishes are usually divided into sub districts and further into "Balang shnong" or village churches (which are further divided into blocks for better management ) while urban parishes are divided into CMCs and balang dong in the district. The Archdiocese usually organised programmes, teaching and worship at Diocese level, Zonal Level, Parish level, CMC (Catholic Managing Committee)/ village level and Small Christian communities or Kynhun Balang barit (KBB).<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
* Established on 15 December 1889 as the '''[[Apostolic Prefecture]] of Assam''' on territory split off from the [[Diocese of Krishnagar]]<br />
* 9 July 1934: Promoted as '''Diocese of Shillong'''<br />
* Lost territory on 12 July 1951 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dibrugarh]]<br />
* Lost territory on 16 January 1964 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tezpur]]<br />
* 26 June 1969: Promoted as ''' Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gauhati–Shillong'''<br />
* 22 January 1970: Renamed as ''' Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong–Gauhati'''<br />
* Lost territory on 1 March 1973 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tura]]<br />
* Lost territory on 5 December 1983 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Diphu]]<br />
* Lost territory on 30 March 1992 and renamed as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong to establish the now [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guwahati]]<br />
* Lost territory on 28 January 2006 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nongstoin]]<br />
* Lost territory on 28 January 2006 to establish the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai]]<br />
<br />
== Cathedrals ==<br />
The [[cathedral]] of the Archdiocese is the [[Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians]], in [[Shillong]]. It was built over 50 years ago. This place of worship stands on the very site of the first Church built by the German fathers ([[Salvatorians]] from [[Germany]]).<br />
<br />
The earlier 1913 building – the Church of the Divine Saviour – was a wooden structure. <br />
It was destroyed in the Good Friday fire of 10 April 1936. Built by the first Catholic missionaries to set foot on these hills, the Salvatorians from Germany, it was the first Catholic Cathedral in what was then the Mission of Assam.<br />
<br />
== Ordinaries ==<br />
<br />
;<br />
;<br />
;<br />
The Catholic Church's presence in the northeastern region of India, particularly in Assam and Meghalaya, has been marked by a succession of ecclesiastical leaders. Beginning with Apostolic Prefects overseeing the early missionary efforts, the hierarchy evolved to include bishops and later metropolitan archbishops.<br />
<br />
'''''Apostolic Prefects of Assam'''''<br />
* [[Lorenz Hopfenmuller|Fr. Otto Hopfenmüller]], [[Salvatorians]] (S.D.S.) (1890)<br />
* Fr. [[Angelus Münzloher]], (S.D.S.) (1890 - 1906)<br />
* Fr. [[Cristoforo Becker]], (S.D.S.) (1906 – 1921)<br />
* Fr. Louis Mathias, S.D.B. (15 December 1922 – 9 July 1934 ''see below'')<br />
<br />
; ''Bishops of Shillong''<br />
<br />
* [[Louis Mathias]], S.D.B. (''see above'' 9 July 1934 – 25 March 1935), later Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras|Madras]] (India) (1935.03.25 – 1952.11.13) and Metropolitan Archbishop of (renamed) [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Madras and Mylapore]](India) (1952.11.13 – 1965.08.02)<br />
* [[Stephen Ferrando]], S.D.B. (26 November 1935 – 26 June 1969); previously Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Krishnagar|Krishnagar]] (India) (1934.07.09 – 1935.11.26), later [[Titular Archbishop]] of [[Troina]] (1969.06.26 – 1978.06.21)<br />
<br />
; ''Metropolitan Archbishops of Gauhati–Shillong''<br />
<br />
* [[Hubert D Rosario]], S.D.B. (1969.06.26 – 1970.01.22 ''see below''), previously Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dibrugarh|Dibrugarh]] (India) (1964.07.06 – 1969.06.26)<br />
<br />
; Metropolitan Archbishops ''of Shillong – Gauhati''<br />
<br />
* Hubert D’Rosario, S.D.B. (''as above'' 26 June 1969 – 30 March 1992 ''see below'')<br />
<br />
; Metropolitan Archbishops of Shillong<br />
<br />
* [[Hubert D’Rosario]], S.D.B. (''as above'' 30 March 1992 – 30 August 1994)<br />
* [[Tarcisius Resto Phanrang]], S.D.B. (2 August 1995 – 5 May 1999), previously Titular Bishop of [[Corniculana]] & [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of Shillong (India) (1990.06.11 – 1995.08.02)<br />
* [[Dominic Jala]], S.D.B. (22 December 1999 – 10 October 2019)<br />
*[[Victor Lyngdoh]] (28 December 2020 – Present)<br />
<br />
== Ecclesiastical Province of Shillong ==<br />
<br />
The Shillong Archdiocese serves not only as an ecclesiastical seat but also as the metropolitan Archdiocese of the Shillong province. A province within the Catholic Church is a grouping of dioceses under the authority of an archbishop. In the case of the Shillong province, it comprises the Shillong Archdiocese itself, along with the Tura Diocese, Aizawl Diocese, Agartala Diocese, Jowai Diocese, and Nongstoin Diocese. This arrangement reflects the hierarchical structure of the Church, wherein archbishops oversee the administration and spiritual welfare of multiple dioceses within their respective province.<br />
<br />
The Archbishop of Shillong though have no ruling power over the other dioceses but in disputes within a diocese of the province, the diocese may seek assistance from the metropolitan archdiocese of their ecclesiastical province where the metropolitan Archbishop may intervene under canon law.<br />
<br />
The Province of Shillong comprises the following [[suffragan]] dioceses that has Shillong as its [[metropolitan see]]:<br />
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Agartala|Agartala]]<br />
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Aizawl|Aizawl]]<br />
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai|Jowai]]<br />
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nongstoin|Nongstoin]]<br />
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tura|Tura]]<br />
<br />
==Parishes==<br />
<br />
The Archdiocese of Shillong comprises 47 parishes divided into 8 zones :<br />
<br />
'''Zone 1'''<br />
*St. Dominic Savio Church, Mawlai (1938)<br />
*St. Joseph's Church, Mawkhar (1951)<br />
*Sts. Peter and Paul Church, Pynthorumkhrah (1997)<br />
*Church of the Visitation, Mawprem (2002)<br />
*St. Anne's Church, Mawtawar (2024)<br />
*Our Lady of Holy Rosary Church, Mawïong (2024)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 2'''<br />
*Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians, Laitumkhrah (1890)<br />
*St. Paul's Church, Upper Shillong (1965)<br />
*St. John the Apostle Church, Laban (1974)<br />
*Divine Saviour Church, Nongthymmai (1974)<br />
*Mary Queen of Peace Church, Mawñianglah (2024)<br />
*Ka Maria ka Kmie jong ka Jingkyrmen Church, Rangbihbih (2026)<br />
'''Zone 3'''<br />
*St. John Bosco Shrine, Sohra (1931)<br />
*Resurrection Church, Pynursla (1957)<br />
*Blessed Sacrament Church, Laitlyngkot (1983)<br />
*Mary Queen of Peace Church, Laitkroh (2003)<br />
*Sts. Peter and Paul Church, Laitkynsew (2004)<br />
*St. Mother Teresa Church, Nongshyrngan (2016)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 4'''<br />
*U Khrist Jingshai Church, Marbisu (1950)<br />
*St. Francis Xavier's Church, Mawsynram (1976)<br />
*Mary Queen of the Holy Rosary Church, Dangar (1993)<br />
*St. George's Church, Wahlang (2002)<br />
*Sacred Heart Church, Diengïei (2007)<br />
*St. Stephen Church, Sawsymper (2008)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 5'''<br />
*Good Shepherd Church, Jongksha (1972)<br />
*Holy Cross Church, Mawkynrew (1987)<br />
*Divine Mercy Church, Mawryngkneng (2003)<br />
*St. Joseph's Church, Laitkor (2004)<br />
*U Khrist U Syiem Church, Madanrting (2024)<br />
*Sacred Heart Church, Smit (2025)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 6'''<br />
*Our Lady of the Assumption Church, Nongpoh (1953)<br />
*Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Umkadhor (1985)<br />
*St. Francis of Assisi Church, Byrnihat (1999)<br />
*Lum Sinai Church, Umden (2006)<br />
*St. Francis of Assisi Church, Umsiang (2023)<br />
*Our Lady of Miracles Church, Umtyrnga (2025)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 7'''<br />
*Epiphany Church, Mawbri (1972)<br />
*Church of the Ascension, Umsohlait (1972)<br />
*Mary Mother of God Church, Umsning (1977)<br />
*St. Paul's Church, Mawlasnai (2009)<br />
*St. Francis Xavier Church, Umbir (2013)<br />
*U Khrist U Syiem ka Jingkyrmen Church, Mawkyrdep (2026)<br />
<br />
'''Zone 8'''<br />
*Sacred Heart Shrine, Nongmensong (2010)<br />
*Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Mawpat (2012)<br />
*St. Rose of Lima Church, Umpling (2024 )<br />
*St. Dominic Savio Church, Nongrah (2024)<br />
*Mary Help of Christians Church, Mawpdang (2024)<br />
<br />
==Saints and causes for canonisation==<br />
* Ven. [[Stephen Ferrando]]<ref name="CCBI">{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref><br />
* Servant of God [[Constantine Vendrame]], SDB<ref name="CCBI" /><br />
* [[Lorenz Hopfenmuller]] (Otto)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1890.htm|title=1890|website=newsaints.faithweb.com|accessdate=17 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''YouTube Channel'''<br />
SASCOM [Shillong Archdiocese Social Communication] https://youtube.com/@sascomshiillong8175<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources and external links==<br />
{{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Assam|Apostolic Prefecture of Assam}}<br />
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/shil0.htm GCatholic.org, with incumbent biography links] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br />
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dshil.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br />
* [https://www.archdioceseofshillong.org/index.php/ Archdiocese website]<br />
<br />
{{coord|25|34|N|91|53|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shillong}}<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br />
[[Category:Christianity in Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1889]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century]]<br />
[[Category:1889 establishments in India]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabish_Mehdi&diff=539244
Tabish Mehdi
2026-03-16T16:10:32Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating a article - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian poet (1951–2025)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Tabish Mehdi<br />
| image =<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
| pseudonym =<br />
| birth_name = Mehdi Hasan Tabish<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1951|07|03}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2025|01|22|1951|07|03}}<br />
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Poet|critic|journalist|writer}}<br />
<!-- following parameters not available in Template:Infobox person<br />
| genre = Poetry, criticism<br />
| language = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br />
--><br />
| education = [[Qari|Tajweed and Qira'at]]<br />[[Master of Arts|M.A.]] (Urdu)<br />[[Ph.D.]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Agra University]]<br />[[Jamia Millia Islamia]]<br />
| period =<br />
| movement = [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]<br />
| notable_works =<br />
| spouse = {{marriage |Razia Usmani|18 May 1979}}<br />
| children =<br />
| relatives =<br />
| awards =<br />
| years_active = 1971–2025<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tabish Mehdi''' (3 July 1951 – 22 January 2025) was an Indian poet specialising in [[naʽat]], a literary critic, journalist, and author who made contributions to [[Urdu literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 December 2015 |title=IUS to host 'mushaira' to mark National Day |url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/16/12/2015/IUS-to-host-%E2%80%98mushaira%E2%80%99-to-mark-National-Day |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Jang">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2016 |title=تابش مہدی کا نعتیہ کلام دلوں کو مسرت بخشتا ہے، مقررین |trans-title=Tabish Mehdi's na`atiya poetry brings joy to hearts, say speakers |url=https://jang.com.pk/news/207258-todays-print |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Daily Jang]] |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Idrees |first=Muhammad |date=27 March 2018 |title=دیارِ غیر میں وطن کی یادیں! |trans-title=Memories of the Homeland in a Foreign Land! |url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/27-Mar-2018/754193 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Daily Pakistan]] |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=20 January 2023 |title=Urdu literary forum launches book |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/article/653723/community/culture/urdu-literary-forum-launches-book |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Gulf Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 January 2023 |title=Bazm-e-Urdu launches Qatar resident Sulaiman Dehlvi's book in Urdu |url=https://www.qatar-tribune.com/article/44950/nation/bazm-e-urdu-launches-qatar-resident-sulaiman-dehlvis-book-in-urdu |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=[[Qatar Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref> His literary career spanned several decades, during which he worked in the fields of poetry, literary criticism, and research. His writings have been described by some commentators as reflecting intellectual depth and creativity.<ref name="Jang"/><ref name="Manzar">{{Cite web |last=Manzar |first=Umair |date=9 December 2024 |title=Dr. Tabish Mehdi's Poetry – A Chronicle of Life's Challenges |trans-title=ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی کی شاعری-مسائل زندگی کا صحیفہ |url=https://www.urdu.awazthevoice.in/opinion-news/dr-tabish-mehdi-s-poetry-the-book-of-life-s-problems-43105.html |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Awaz – The Voice |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Qasmi">{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Abdul Bari |date=26 June 2022 |title=Ghazal Khwani Nahin Jati |trans-title=غزل خوانی نہیں جاتی |url=https://qindeelonline.com/ghazal-khwani-nahin-jati-abdul-bari-qasmi/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Qindeel |language=ur}}</ref> Mehdi's work has been acknowledged for its role in Urdu literary circles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fakhiri |first=Āfaq |date=February 1991 |editor-last=Falahi |editor-first=Abdul Aziz Salfi |title=Tabish Mehdi ki Ghazalgoi |trans-title=Ghazal poetry by Tabish Mehdi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/islamic-movement-shumara-number-002-abdul-azeez-salfi-falahi-magazines |journal=Monthly Islamic Movement |language=ur |location=Delhi |volume=9 |issue=2 |page=14}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Saddam |date=December 2024 |editor1-last=Kamal |editor1-first=Kulshrestha |editor2-last=Parween |editor2-first=Farhat |title=Shahbaz Amrohi Ki Tanz-o-Mazah Nigari Ka Umumi Jaiza |url= |journal=Monthly Ajkal |language=ur |location=New Delhi |publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]] |volume=83 |issue=5 |page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Bhatt|editor1-first=R.K|editor2-last=Alam|editor2-first=Firoz|date=February 2006 |title=Urdu Khabar Nama|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/urdu-duniya-new-delhi-002-r-k-bhatt-magazines|journal=Monthly Urdu Duniya|language=ur|volume=8|issue=2|location=New Delhi |publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] |page=71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Irfan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIg_DwAAQBAJ&dq=tabish+mehdi&pg=PA264 |title=Religion as Critique: Islamic Critical Thinking from Mecca to the Marketplace |date=20 November 2017 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-1-4696-3510-1 |pages=243 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Narang |first=Gopi Chand |author-link=Gopi Chand Narang |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/urdu-ghazal-aur-hindustani-zahen-o-tahzeeb-gopi-chand-narang-ebooks |title=Urdu Ghazal aur Hindustani Zahen-o-Tehzeeb |date=July 2002 |publisher=NCPUL |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=23–24 |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Tabish Mehdi was born on 3 July 1951 in [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh]], India.{{Sfn|Farooqi|2012|p=18}}<ref name="Jasarat"/> He completed his Junior Primary School examination in 1964 from District Board Pratapgarh. In 1966 and 1967, he studied [[Tajwīd]] and [[Seven readers|Qirā'at al-Sab'a]] at Madrasa Subhania, Allahabad, and Madrasa Taleem-ul-Quran, [[Hasanpur|Hasanpur, Moradabad]], respectively. {{Sfn|Farooqi|2012|p=18}}<ref name="voice"/><ref name="Inquilab">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=معروف شاعر و ادیب تابش مہدی کا 74؍سال کی عمر میں انتقال، اردو حلقہ سوگوار |trans-title=Renowned Poet and Writer Tabish Mehdi Passes Away at Age of 74, Urdu Community Mourns |url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/tabish-mehdi-renowned-poet-and-writer-passes-away-at-age-of-74-urdu-community-mourns-72001 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[The Inquilab]] |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Arshi"/><br />
<br />
In 1970, he passed the Maulvi (Arabic) examination from the Arabic and Persian Board, Allahabad. In 1978 and 1980, he passed the Munshi (Persian) and Kamil (Persian) examinations, respectively. In 1971, he obtained the Aalim-e-Deeniyat (Urdu) degree from Jamia Deeniyat, Deoband, and in 1977 and 1985, he earned the Adeeb-e-Mahir and Adeeb-e-Kamil (Urdu) qualifications from Jamia Urdu, Aligarh. Finally, in 1989, he completed an M.A. in Urdu from [[Agra University]], and in 1997, he earned a Ph.D. in Urdu criticism from [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], Delhi.<ref name="voice"/><ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi">{{Cite web |last=Arshi |first=Syed Alqama |date=22 January 2025 |title=ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی (1951ء – 2025ء): مختصر سوانحی خاکہ |trans-title=Dr. Tabish Mehdi (1951–2025): A Brief Biographical Sketch |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/4594 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Deoband Online |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
His literary mentors included Shahbaz Amrohi (disciple of Afaq Kazmi), Bilali Aliabadi (disciple of Shafiq Jaunpuri), Sarosh Machhlishahri (student of [[Arzoo Lakhnavi]]), Abu-al-Wafa Arif Shahjahanpuri (disciple of Riyaz Khairabadi), and Amir Usmani.<ref name="voice"/><ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi"/><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
=== Teaching career ===<br />
In July 1971, Mehdi began his teaching career at Abul Kalam Azad College, Pratapgarh, where he served until July 1973. From January 1974 to June 1978, he taught at Darul Uloom Amroha. Later, he worked as a teacher at Jamiatul Falah Arabic College, [[Bilariaganj]], Azamgarh, from June 1986 to April 1990. From April 2018 until his death, he taught Tajwīd and Qirā'at at the Islamic Academy, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, Delhi.<ref name="voice"/><ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi"/><br />
<br />
=== Journalism ===<br />
Mehdi served as the editor of several publications, including the fortnightly ''Paigham-e-Haq'' (Pratapgarh), ''Ijtima'' (Deoband), and ''Al-Iman'' (Deoband). He was also an associate editor for magazines such as ''Gul Kada'' (Sahaswan, Budaun), ''Zikra'' (Rampur), ''Tajalli'' (Deoband), ''Zindagi-e-Nau'' (New Delhi), and ''Aiwan-e-Urdu'' (Delhi Urdu Academy). Additionally, he worked as a guest editor for ''Kitab Numa'' (Delhi).<ref name="voice" /><ref name="Inquilab" /><ref name="Arshi" /><br />
<br />
From April 2002 until his death, he was a member of the editorial board of ''Peshraft'' (Delhi), and from January 2005 onwards, he served as an honorary advisor and editorial board member for the quarterly ''Karwan-e-Adab'' (Lucknow).<ref name="voice" /><ref name="Inquilab" /><ref name="Arshi" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmed|first=Khursheed|date=February 2013|title=کتاب نما |trans-title=Kitab Numa |url=https://www.tarjumanulquran.org/articles/feb-2013-kitaab-numa|journal=Monthly Al-Tarjuman-ul-Quran|language=ur|publisher=Al-Balagh Trust|pages=99–100}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Affiliation with academic and literary institutions ===<br />
From June 1991 to 3 July 2009, Mehdi worked as an editor at Markazi Maktaba Islami Publishers, New Delhi. He was a founding member of Abul Kalam Azad Inter College (Pratapgarh) and Idara Adab-e-Islami Hind. He was also a member of the Islamic Literary Society (India) and Darul Dawah Educational Foundation (Delhi). Additionally, he served as the chairman of Adabiat-e-Aaliya Academy (Lucknow), a former vice-president of Idara Adab-e-Islami Hind, and an honorary advisor and editorial board member of the quarterly Karwan-e-Adab (Lucknow).<ref name="voice"/><ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi"/><br />
<br />
== Awards and honours ==<br />
Mehdi was honored with several awards for his literary and scholarly contributions. Notable among them are the "Hazrat Hassan Award" (2005) by All India Hamd-o-Naat Academy, Delhi; "Shan-e-Adab Award" (2011) by Bazm-e-Adab, Deoband; "Nishan-e-Urdu" (2013) by Urdu Academy, Nepal; "Rasikh Azimabadi Award" (2013) by [[Bihar Urdu Academy]], Patna; "Zia Fatehabadi Award" (2014) by Mehr Foundation, Maharashtra; "Fareevai Award" (2014) by Fareevai Academy, Allahabad; Award for Urdu Poetry (2015) by [[Urdu Academy, Delhi]]; National Integration Award with the title of Iftikhar-e-Adab (2021) by Bazm-e-Urdu, Sitapur;<ref name="Jasarat"/> and the "Allama Iqbal Award" for Poetry and Literature (2021) by Urdu Development Organization of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2021 |title=Poet Dr. Tabish Mehdi to be honored on Urdu Day |url=https://roznamakhabrein.com/poet-dr-tabish-mehdi-will-be-honored-on-urdu-day/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Roznama Khabrein |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2021 |title=उर्दू दिवस पर शायर डॉ ताबिश मेहदी को पुरस्कृत किया जाएगा |trans-title=Poet Dr. Tabish Mehdi to be awarded on Urdu Day |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/poet-dr-tabish-mehdi-to-be-rewarded-on-urdu-day/articleshow/86755649.cms |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref> Additionally, he was recognized by the academies of Bengal, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and various local institutions for his books. [[All India Radio]]'s Urdu Service, Urdu Majlis, [[Doordarshan]], Jain TV, [[Sahara TV]], and [[Zee Salaam]] frequently invited him to present his work.{{Sfn|Farooqi|2012|pp=267–269}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2016 |title=AWARDS |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/14858-awards/ |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=[[The Milli Gazette]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
Mehdi wrote several works in poetry, criticism, and analytical writing,{{Sfn|Farooqi|2012|pp=40–44}} including ''Abūlmujāhid Zāhid: fikr aur fan'', ''Kankar bolte hen̲: shiʻrī majmūʻah'', ''Muʻallim-i insāniyat ṣallalláhu ʻalaihi va sallam'', ''Naqd-i g̲h̲azal'', ''Rabāb Rashīdī: ek suk̲h̲an var piyārā sā'', ''Shafīq Jaunpūrī, ek mut̤ālaʻah'' (2002), ''Ṣubḥ-i ṣādiq: ḥamd, naʻt, manqabat'', ''Tasawwuf yeh hai!'', ''T̤ūbá'' and ''Urdū tanqīd kā safar: Jāmiʻah Milliyah Islāmiyah ke tanāẓur men̲''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahdī, Tābish |url=https://viaf.org/en/viaf/41148175 |website=viaf.org}}</ref> His other publications include:<ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi"/><ref>{{Cite journal|date=April–June 2022|editor-last=Iqbal|editor-first=Muhammad Arif|title=ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی (نئی دہلی)|trans-title=Dr. Tabish Mehdi (New Delhi)|url=https://urdubookreview.in/resala/10/|journal=Quarterly Urdu Book Review|language=ur|location=Patodi House, Daryaganj, New Delhi|publisher=Urdu Book Review Office|volume=28|issue=29–30|page=28}}</ref><br />
<br />
* ''Naqsh-e-Awwal'' (1971)<br />
* ''Lama‘at-e-Haram'' (1975)<br />
* ''Ta‘beer'' (1989)<br />
* ''Jamaat-e-Islami Haqeeqat ke Aaine Mein'' (1981)<br />
* ''Sall-e-Ala Sall-e-Ala'' (1992)<br />
* ''Urdu Tanqeed Ka Safar'' (1999)<br />
* ''Woh Galiyan Yaad Aati Hain'' (2007)<br />
* ''Hali, Shibli aur Iqbal'' (2017)<br />
* ''Mu'allim-e-Insāniyat'' (2019)<br />
* ''Mutshid-e-Thānwi'' (2019)<br />
* ''Ghazal Khwani Nahin Jati'' (2020)<br />
<br />
== Personal life and death ==<br />
On 18 May 1979, Mehdi married Razia Usmani, the granddaughter of calligrapher Ishtiaq Ahmad Usmani and the daughter of Mumtaz Ahmad Usmani, from Deoband. The couple had seven children, including two sons, Shah Danish Farooq Falahi and Shah Ajmal Farooq Nadwi, and four daughters, Sameena Tabish Salehati, Tooba Kausar Salehati, Yamna Kulsoom, and Naeema Kulsoom.{{Sfn|Farooqi|2012|pp=34–36}}<ref name="voice">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=نہیں رہے شاعر- نثر نگار اور مبصر ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی |trans-title=Poet, prose writer, and commentator Dr. Tabish Mehdi is no more |url=https://www.urdu.awazthevoice.in/opinion-news/poet-prose-writer-and-commentator-dr-tabish-mehdi-is-no-more-44279.html |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Awaz the Voice |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Inquilab"/><ref name="Arshi"/><br />
<br />
Mehdi died in [[Delhi]] on 22 January 2025, at the age of 73.<ref name="Jasarat">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=22 January 2025 |title=معروف شاعر، ادیب و محقق ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی دہلی میں انتقال کر گئے |trans-title=Renowned poet, writer, and researcher Dr. Tabish Mehdi passed away in Delhi |url=https://www.jasarat.com/2025/01/22/dr-tabish-mehdi-passed-away/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Daily Jasarat]] |language=ur }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Farooqi|first1=Shujauddin|title=Tabish Mehdi: Ek Safar Musalsal|trans-title=Tabish Mehdi: A Continuous Journey|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tabish-mehdi-ek-safar-musalsal-shujauddin-faruqii-ebooks|edition=First|year=2012|location=Hamza Academy, New Sir Syed Nagar, [[Aligarh]]|publisher=Maulana Mubeenuddin Farooqi Academy|language=ur|via=[[Rekhta (website)]]}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 July 2023 |title=معروف ادیب ڈاکٹر تابش مہدی سے خصوصی گفتگو |trans-title=Exclusive Interview with Noted Writer Dr. Tabish Mehdi |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/uttar-pradesh/interview-with-dr-tabish-mehdi-in-juanpure-utter-pradesh/na20230716125058552552243 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=[[Etv Urdu|ETV Urdu]] |language=ur}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehdi, Tabish}}<br />
[[Category:1951 births]]<br />
[[Category:2025 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Literary critics of Urdu]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh academics]]<br />
[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yan_Dhanda&diff=474439
Yan Dhanda
2026-03-15T16:52:40Z
<p>Maryslanker: formatting fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|English footballer (born 1998)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Yan Dhanda<br />
| image = Yan Dhanda.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Dhanda training for [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] in 2025<br />
| full_name = Yan Joseph Dhanda<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|12|14|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Birmingham]], England<br />
| height = {{convert|1.74|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/player/173|title=Y. Dhanda &#124; Swansea|website=www.swanseacity.com|access-date=18 January 2021|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227211736/https://www.swanseacity.com/player/173|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]], [[winger (association football)|winger]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]<br />(on loan from [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]])<br />
| clubnumber = 21<br />
| youthyears1 = 2008–2013<br />
| youthclubs1 = [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]<br />
| youthyears2 = 2013–2018<br />
| youthclubs2 = [[Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy|Liverpool]]<br />
| years1 = 2018–2022<br />
| clubs1 = [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]<br />
| caps1 = 50<br />
| goals1 = 5<br />
| years2 = 2022–2024<br />
| clubs2 = [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]]<br />
| caps2 = 65<br />
| goals2 = 10<br />
| years3 = 2024–<br />
| clubs3 = [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]<br />
| caps3 = 25<br />
| goals3 = 0<br />
| years4 = 2025–<br />
| clubs4 = → [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (loan)<br />
| caps4 = 23<br />
| goals4 = 2<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2014<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 2<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 0<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2014<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[England national under-17 football team|England U17]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 4<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 2<br />
| club-update = 17:00, 15 March 2026 (UTC)<br />
| nationalteam-update = 2 August 2014<br />
}}<br />
'''Yan Joseph Dhanda''' (born 14 December 1998) is an English professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as an [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|attacking midfielder]] for {{Scottish football updater|Dundee}} side [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]], on loan from [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]. He previously played for [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] and [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] and was a youth player for [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] and [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<br />
<br />
He is a former [[England national under-17 football team|England under-17]] international.<br />
<br />
==Early career==<br />
Yan Joseph Dhanda<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/summer-camp-at-bhoewali-school-781918/ |title=Summer camp at Bhoewali school |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh |date=2 June 2019 |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> was born in [[Birmingham]], and grew up in [[Tipton]].<ref name="Dhanda Guardian Interview">{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda: 'I was racially abused as a child but I never let it affect me'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/22/yan-dhanda-i-was-racially-abused-as-a-child-but-i-never-let-it-affect-me-swansea-city-asian-football|access-date=27 February 2021|work=The Guardian |date=22 July 2019|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214125643/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/22/yan-dhanda-i-was-racially-abused-as-a-child-but-i-never-let-it-affect-me-swansea-city-asian-football|url-status=live}}</ref> His mother is from England<ref name="sky" /> while his father was born in England to parents from [[Punjab, India]].<ref name="Dhanda February 2021">{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda abuser blocked from sending messages, says Facebook|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56044905|access-date=12 February 2021|publisher=BBC Sport|date=12 February 2021|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212163240/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56044905|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dhanda began his youth career at Tipton Town before he joined [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] at seven years old.<ref name="Dhanda Liverpool Interview 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/146500-dhanda-my-indian-dream-at-lfc|title=Dhanda: My Indian dream at LFC|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=6 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031012318/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/146500-dhanda-my-indian-dream-at-lfc|archive-date=31 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda made a decision to sign for [[West Bromwich Albion F.C. Reserves and Academy|the club's academy]] when he was nine.<ref name="Dhanda Liverpool Interview 2013"/> In 2013, Dhanda moved to [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] for a deal reported to be worth £200,000, spending five years in the [[Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy|youth ranks]] at [[Anfield]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Young and the restless: Next set of LFC hopefuls eager for chance|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/young-restless-next-set-liverpool-4694214|website=Liverpool Echo|date=21 June 2013|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=New kids on the Kop: Liverpool FC's next crop of Academy stars|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/new-kids-kop-liverpool-fcs-7606013|website=Liverpool Echo|date=13 August 2014|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Liverpool Academy transfer ban - Who wouldn't have been able to sign for the Reds?|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/liverpool-transfer-ban-academy-problem-12851945|website=Liverpool Echo|date=6 April 2017|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> He previously rejected a move to [[Chelsea F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/check-out-our-free-digital-sheffield-wednesday-matchday-programme|title=Check out our free digital Sheffield Wednesday matchday programme|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=25 November 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929074644/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/check-out-our-free-digital-sheffield-wednesday-matchday-programme|archive-date=29 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon moving to Liverpool, Dhanda attended [[Rainhill High School]], nine miles from the Liverpool Academy.<ref name="Dhanda Liverpool Interview 2013"/><br />
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On 21 December 2015, Dhanda signed his first professional contract with Liverpool.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/201091-dhanda-delighted-after-penning-new-deal|title=Dhanda delighted after penning new deal|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=21 December 2015|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224040310/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/201091-dhanda-delighted-after-penning-new-deal|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, he was plagued with injuries during the 2015–16 season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Liverpool U18s seek revenge for mini-derby mauling by Everton last season|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/liverpool-u18s-seek-revenge-mini-10088378|website=Liverpool Echo|date=18 September 2015|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Liverpool FC starlet faces long spell on sidelines after freak accident|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/liverpool-fc-starlet-faces-long-11194242|website=Liverpool Echo|date=15 April 2016|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> In his first season with the U18 youth team, Dhanda contributed seven goals, including scoring against rivals, [[Manchester United F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Manchester United]] and [[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/232490-dhanda-double-helps-u18s-defeat-man-utd|title=Dhanda double helps U18s defeat Man Utd|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=20 August 2016|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820211123/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/232490-dhanda-double-helps-u18s-defeat-man-utd|archive-date=20 August 2016|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/237181-u18s-suffer-defeat-to-everton-in-mini-derby|title=U18s suffer defeat to Everton in mini-derby|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=24 September 2016|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925144201/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/237181-u18s-suffer-defeat-to-everton-in-mini-derby|archive-date=25 September 2016|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/243823-u18s-and-man-utd-draw-six-goal-thriller|title=U18s and Man Utd draw six-goal thriller|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=19 November 2016|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120154333/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/243823-u18s-and-man-utd-draw-six-goal-thriller|archive-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He once also provided a hat-trick assists, for the academy, in a 3–1 win against [[Newcastle United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Newcastle United]] on 1 October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/238015-gomes-on-the-mark-as-u18s-win-at-newcastle|title=Gomes on the mark as U18s win at Newcastle|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=1 October 2016|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002123416/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/238015-gomes-on-the-mark-as-u18s-win-at-newcastle|archive-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/250426-dhanda-strikes-late-as-u18s-sink-everton|title=Dhanda strikes late as U18s sink Everton|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=17 January 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114195308/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/250426-dhanda-strikes-late-as-u18s-sink-everton|archive-date=14 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> His performance was praised by Liverpool U18s manager [[Neil Critchley]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/240935-academy-column-a-proud-night-for-trent-ovie-and-kevin|title=Academy column: A proud night for Trent, Ovie and Kevin|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=28 October 2016|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030044653/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/240935-academy-column-a-proud-night-for-trent-ovie-and-kevin|archive-date=30 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In his final season with the youth team, Dhanda moved up to playing for [[Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy|Liverpool U23]] in the [[2017–18 Professional U23 Development League|Premier League 2]] campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/274812-dhanda-i-knew-i-had-to-make-an-impact|title=Dhanda: I knew I had to make an impact|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=11 September 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912200356/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/274812-dhanda-i-knew-i-had-to-make-an-impact|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/275250-academy-column-two-games-in-five-days-will-test-us-but-the-lads-are-ready|title=Academy column: Two games in five days will test us, but the lads are ready|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=17 September 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917173302/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/275250-academy-column-two-games-in-five-days-will-test-us-but-the-lads-are-ready|archive-date=17 September 2017|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/277566-yan-dhanda-reveals-season-aims-and-first-team-inspirations|title=Yan Dhanda reveals season aims and first-team inspirations|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=8 October 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010234031/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/277566-yan-dhanda-reveals-season-aims-and-first-team-inspirations|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He went on to score five times from 18 appearances, including a brace against [[Chelsea F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Chelsea U23]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/271672-match-report-ings-and-dhanda-guide-u23s-to-win-at-swansea|title=Match report: Ings and Dhanda guide U23s to win at Swansea|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=11 August 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811225454/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/271672-match-report-ings-and-dhanda-guide-u23s-to-win-at-swansea|archive-date=11 August 2017|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/274786-late-dhanda-curler-earns-win-over-man-city|title=Late Dhanda curler earns win over Man City|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=10 September 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910162500/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/274786-late-dhanda-curler-earns-win-over-man-city|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/281551-match-report-u23s-hit-four-in-merseyside-derby-win|title=Match report: U23s hit four in Merseyside derby win|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=19 November 2017|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119005652/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/281551-match-report-u23s-hit-four-in-merseyside-derby-win|archive-date=19 November 2017|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/301152-liverpool-fc-u23s-anfield-chelsea-premier-league-2|title=Match report: U23s shine at Anfield to seal second place|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=8 May 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509000320/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/301152-liverpool-fc-u23s-anfield-chelsea-premier-league-2|archive-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dhanda details"/><br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
===Swansea City===<br />
In May 2018, Dhanda left Liverpool to join [[EFL Championship|Championship]] club [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] where he was originally expected to be with the Under 23s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44120950|title=Swansea City: Yan Dhanda signs from Liverpool|first=Mandeep|last=Sanghera|website=www.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Sport|date=23 May 2018|access-date=13 July 2018|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025022856/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44120950|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/302914-liverpool-fc-transfer-yan-dhanda-swansea|title=Yan Dhanda joins Swansea City|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=23 May 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701004846/https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/academy/302914-liverpool-fc-transfer-yan-dhanda-swansea|archive-date=1 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dhanda Swansea City 2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-eyes-chance-shine|title=Yan eyes a chance to shine|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=23 May 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006181743/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-eyes-chance-shine|archive-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon joining the club, Dhanda said: "I am really happy to be here. I was excited from the minute I knew Swansea were interested in signing me. I just wanted to get the deal done. I wasn't really getting a chance at Liverpool and I wanted to come somewhere where I hope I will have a better chance to play in the first team. I want to show what I can do. Once I knew Swansea were interested, I felt the club would suit me. I have watched the football they have played over the years and I hope coming here will bring out the best in me."<ref name="Dhanda Swansea City 2018"/> He's also given a number 30 shirt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/squad-numbers-revealed|title=Squad numbers revealed|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=3 August 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002185904/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/squad-numbers-revealed|archive-date=2 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Dhanda made his debut as a substitute for the club on 4 August 2018 against [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] in a 2–1 win, scoring the winner with his first touch only moments after entering the field.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/44797126|title=Potter's Swansea come from behind to win at Sheff Utd|website=www.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 August 2018|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=4 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804115252/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/44797126|url-status=live}}.</ref> However, he found his first team opportunities limited at Swansea City, due to strong competitions in the midfield position.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/dhanda-eyes-millwall-chance|title=Dhanda eyes Millwall chance|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=30 August 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809015714/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/dhanda-eyes-millwall-chance|archive-date=9 August 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swans-suffer-midfield-blows|title=Swans suffer midfield blows|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=17 September 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705032321/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swans-suffer-midfield-blows|archive-date=5 July 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/season-review-player-player|title=Season in Review: Player by player|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=14 May 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927052032/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/season-review-player-player|archive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, Dhanda instead played for the club's Under 23s, which he was originally assigned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yans-first-team-target|title=Yan's first-team target|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=30 October 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819080652/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yans-first-team-target|archive-date=19 August 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-aims-make-gains|title=Yan aims to make gains|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=12 December 2018|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004233704/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-aims-make-gains|archive-date=4 October 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/season-review-under-23s-debutants-0|title=Season in review: Under-23s debutants|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=25 May 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703091603/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/season-review-under-23s-debutants-0|archive-date=3 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of the 2018–19 season, he made six appearances and scoring once in all competitions.<br />
<br />
Ahead of the 2019–20 season, Dhanda switched number shirt from 30 to 21.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swansea-city-squad-numbers|title=Swansea City squad numbers|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=13 July 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629034902/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swansea-city-squad-numbers|archive-date=29 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> He began to rotate between the starting line–up and substitute bench for Swansea City under [[Steve Cooper (football manager)|Steve Cooper]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-glad-end-wait-league-start|title=Yan Dhanda glad to end wait for league start|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=27 August 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003144658/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-glad-end-wait-league-start|archive-date=3 October 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-swansea-city-v-nottingham-forest|title=Team news: Swansea City v Nottingham Forest|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=14 September 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928214220/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-swansea-city-v-nottingham-forest|archive-date=28 September 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=What's happened to Swansea City's missing men and the telling quote that sums up their situations|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/whats-happened-swansea-citys-missing-17241352|website=Wales Online|date=12 November 2019|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-huddersfield-town-v-swansea-city|title=Team news: Huddersfield Town v Swansea City|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=26 November 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001210445/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-huddersfield-town-v-swansea-city|archive-date=1 October 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/george-byers-competition-places-can-spur-us|title=George Byers: Competition for places can spur us on|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=2 July 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812042740/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/george-byers-competition-places-can-spur-us|archive-date=12 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda then scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] on 2 October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-charlton-athletic-1-swansea-city-2|title=Report: Charlton Athletic 1 Swansea City 2|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=2 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929154005/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-charlton-athletic-1-swansea-city-2|archive-date=29 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 December 2019, he signed a two–year contract extension with the club, keeping him until 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-signs-swansea-city-contract-extension|title=Yan Dhanda signs Swansea City contract extension|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=23 December 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123124055/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-signs-swansea-city-contract-extension|archive-date=23 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A week later on 2 January 2020, Dhanda scored against Charlton Athletic for the second time this season, which turned out to be the only goal of the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-1-charlton-athletic-0|title=Report: Swansea City 1 Charlton Athletic 0|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=2 February 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927010323/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-1-charlton-athletic-0|archive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A month later on 8 February 2020, he scored his third goal of the season, in a 3–2 loss against [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-2-derby-county-3|title=Report: Swansea City 2 Derby County 3|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=8 February 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925132408/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-2-derby-county-3|archive-date=25 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda continued to be involved in the first team, and by the time the season was suspended because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]], he had made 12 league appearances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-training-ground-extras-have-paid-goals|title=Yan Dhanda: Training ground extras have paid off with goals|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=16 April 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813091922/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-training-ground-extras-have-paid-goals|archive-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-squad-spirit-remains-strong|title=Yan Dhanda: Squad spirit remains strong|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=21 April 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204181222/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-squad-spirit-remains-strong|archive-date=4 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Once the season resumed behind closed doors, Dhanda made four more appearances, having dropped to the substitute bench.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Swansea City player ratings as attacking duo impress again but several flatter to deceive at Millwall|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/millwall-swansea-city-championship-results-18516080 |website=Wales Online|date=30 June 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=The impressive Swansea City player ratings as trio impress again in Bristol City win|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/swansea-bristol-city-championship-table-18620674|website=Wales Online|date=18 July 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=The incredible Swansea City player ratings as Steve Cooper's men become heroes at Reading|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/incredible-swansea-city-player-ratings-18644531|website=Wales Online|date=22 July 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> He also started in [[2020 English Football League play-offs#Championship|the return leg of the Championship]] against [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]], as Swansea City lost 3–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-brentford-3-swansea-city-1-aggregate-3-2|title=Report – Brentford 3 Swansea City 1 – Aggregate: 3-2|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=29 July 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002215200/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-brentford-3-swansea-city-1-aggregate-3-2|archive-date=2 October 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=The mixed Swansea City player ratings as loan duo impress again but others fail to deliver at Brentford|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/swansea-brentford-championship-brewster-watkins-18684444|website=Wales Online|date=29 July 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> At the end of the 2019–20 season, Dhanda went on to make nineteen appearances and scoring three times in all competitions.<br />
<br />
The start of the 2020–21 season saw Dhanda out of the starting eleven and found himself placed on the substitute bench.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-doubtful-millwall-game-byers-nearing-return|title=Yan Dhanda doubtful for Millwall game, Byers nearing return|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=1 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929200651/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-doubtful-millwall-game-byers-nearing-return|archive-date=29 September 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/matt-grimes-pleased-unbeaten-start-new-partnership|title=Matt Grimes pleased with unbeaten start for new partnership|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=13 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807191042/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/matt-grimes-pleased-unbeaten-start-new-partnership|archive-date=7 August 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=Steve Cooper's Yan Dhanda regret and Matt Grimes' telling reaction as Blackburn boss identifies key Swansea City duo|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/steve-coopers-yan-dhanda-regret-19200611|website=Wales Online|date=1 November 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> On 27 October 2020, he made his first start for Swansea City and helped the club beat [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-2-stoke-city-0|title=Report: Swansea City 2 Stoke City 0|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=27 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117210529/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-2-stoke-city-0|archive-date=17 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, Dhanda received a handful of first team, alternating between the starting eleven and substitute bench.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/cooper-delighted-see-yan-dhanda-take-his-chance|title=Cooper delighted to see Yan Dhanda take his chance|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=31 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007125159/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/cooper-delighted-see-yan-dhanda-take-his-chance|archive-date=7 October 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=The sparkling Liverpool boy now coming of age at Swansea City|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/sparkling-liverpool-boy-now-coming-19324382|website=Wales Online|date=22 November 2020|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/talking-tactics-cardiff-city-v-swansea-city-0|title=Talking Tactics: Cardiff City v Swansea City|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=11 December 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810150709/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/talking-tactics-cardiff-city-v-swansea-city-0|archive-date=10 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 December 2020, he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-middlesbrough-2-swansea-city-1|title=Report: Middlesbrough 2 Swansea City 1|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=2 December 2020|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005085922/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-middlesbrough-2-swansea-city-1|archive-date=5 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The following month saw Dhanda set up three goals, including one against [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] in the FA Cup match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-stevenage-0-swansea-city-2|title=Report: Stevenage 0 Swansea City 2|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=9 January 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104222432/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-stevenage-0-swansea-city-2|archive-date=4 January 2023|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=Swansea City 5-1 Nottingham Forest: Swans cruise into FA Cup last 16|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55766600|website=BBC Sport|date=23 January 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-rotherham-united-1-swansea-city-3|title=Report: Rotherham United 1 Swansea City 3|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=30 January 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810151754/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-rotherham-united-1-swansea-city-3|archive-date=10 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> During a match against Nottingham Forest, he suffered accidental broken nose from [[Joel Latibeaudiere]] in training but made a quick recovery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-i-knew-id-broken-my-nose-i-didnt-want-miss-out|title=Yan Dhanda – I knew I'd broken my nose, but I didn't want to miss out|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=25 January 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006082557/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/yan-dhanda-i-knew-id-broken-my-nose-i-didnt-want-miss-out|archive-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda was also linked with a move away from Swansea City, with Championship and European clubs interested in signing him, but he ended up staying at the club.<ref>{{cite news|title=Surprise transfer news emerges as Leeds United and top European sides linked with Swansea City's Yan Dhanda|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/surprise-transfer-news-emerges-leeds-19639667|website=Wales Online|date=16 January 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Towards the end of the season, however, Dhanda found his playing time, coming from the substitute bench.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/korey-smith-and-yan-dhanda-fit-forest-clash|title=Korey Smith and Yan Dhanda fit for Forest clash|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=15 February 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704131406/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/korey-smith-and-yan-dhanda-fit-forest-clash|archive-date=4 July 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-stoke-city-v-swansea-city-0|title=Team news: Stoke City v Swansea City|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=3 March 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207012858/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-stoke-city-v-swansea-city-0|archive-date=7 February 2023|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-bournemouth-v-swansea-city|title=Team news: Bournemouth v Swansea City|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=16 March 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220946/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/team-news-bournemouth-v-swansea-city|archive-date=26 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, he appeared in the [[2021 EFL Championship play-off final|EFL Championship play-off final]] against Brentford, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute, as Swansea City lost 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-brentford-2-swansea-city-0|title=Report: Brentford 2 Swansea City 0|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=29 May 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126085651/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-brentford-2-swansea-city-0|archive-date=26 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of the 2020–21 season, Dhanda made thirty–one appearances and scoring once in all competitions.<br />
<br />
Ahead of the 2021–22 season, Dhanda continued to be linked a move away from Swansea City but he ended up staying at the club.<ref>{{cite news|title=Swansea City transfer headlines as Anderlecht eye up Yan Dhanda swoop and Thomas Henry, Liam Walsh and Joel Piroe remain on radar|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/swansea-city-transfer-headlines-anderlecht-20850596|website=Wales Online|date=18 June 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Dhanda appeared in the first three league matches of the season, all of them were substitute.<ref>{{cite news|title=The mixed Swansea City player ratings as major learning curve ahead, new man grows into game but star starved of service|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/mixed-swansea-city-player-ratings-21253203|website=Wales Online|date=7 August 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=The frustrating Swansea City player ratings as only new Man Utd man and sub striker impress on woeful night against Stoke City|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/frustrating-swansea-city-player-ratings-21336063|website=Wales Online|date=17 August 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Our biggest fear' - Russell Martin reveals concerns as Swansea City boss explains Yan Dhanda sub in Stoke City loss|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/our-biggest-fear-russell-martin-21336860|website=Wales Online|date=17 August 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> In a match against [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] in the first round of the EFL Cup, he set up three goals, in a 3–0 win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-reading-0-swansea-city-3|title=Report: Reading 0 Swansea City 3|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=10 August 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815133551/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-reading-0-swansea-city-3|archive-date=15 August 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite news|title=The sublime Swansea City player ratings as Russell Martin's methods click in emphatic Reading win|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/sublime-swansea-city-player-ratings-21278502|website=Wales Online|date=10 August 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> However, Dhanda was deemed surplus of requirement under the new management of [[Russell Martin (footballer)|Russell Martin]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The players who could leave Swansea City in January and the exit that appears inevitable as incoming sought|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/players-who-could-leave-swansea-21958098|website=Wales Online|date=25 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=The Swansea City transfer activity you could see in January|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/swansea-city-transfer-activity-you-22326606|website=Wales Online|date=1 December 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=The Swansea City stars to benefit most under Russell Martin as others slip off radar|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/swansea-city-stars-benefit-most-22575148|website=Wales Online|date=26 December 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title='No agenda' - Russell Martin makes Dhanda and Fulton admission as Swansea City boss offers Ollie Cooper hope|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/no-agenda-russell-martin-makes-22702755|website=Wales Online|date=11 January 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Where are the Swansea City players signed by Graham Potter who failed to make a mark in Wales|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/swansea-city-players-signed-graham-23594866|website=Wales Online|date=5 April 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> As a result, he found his playing time, playing for Swansea City U23's team throughout the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/jacob-jones-under-23s-reaped-rewards-first-teamers-inclusion|title=Jacob Jones: Under-23s reaped rewards of first-teamers' inclusion|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=26 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026170945/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/jacob-jones-under-23s-reaped-rewards-first-teamers-inclusion|archive-date=26 October 2021|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-u23s-5-qpr-u23s-1|title=Report: Swansea City U23s 5 QPR U23s 1|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=14 March 2022|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526015043/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/report-swansea-city-u23s-5-qpr-u23s-1|archive-date=26 May 2022|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/kris-oleary-we-didnt-show-enough-belief-final-third|title=Kris O'Leary: We didn't show enough belief in the final third|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=22 March 2022|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325190438/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/kris-oleary-we-didnt-show-enough-belief-final-third|archive-date=25 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> During the same month, Dhanda remained at the club when the January transfer window was closed, despite him being linked with a move.<ref>{{cite news|title=Swansea City target Man Utd-linked Man City starlet James McAtee|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/swansea-city-target-man-utd-22076035|website=Wales Online|date=5 November 2021|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Swansea City transfer headlines as Jamie Paterson warned things could get 'really tough' amid reported QPR bids|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/swansea-city-transfer-headlines-jamie-22903667|website=Wales Online|date=28 January 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title='An outstanding young player' - Man City starlet's arrival heralded as Swansea City's Russell Martin explains Brandon Cooper exit|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/an-outstanding-young-player-man-22921206|website=Wales Online|date=30 January 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> At the end of the 2021–22 season, making seven appearances in all competitions, Dhanda was released by the club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swansea-city-confirm-retained-list-0|title=Swansea City confirm retained list|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=19 May 2022|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519080154/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swansea-city-confirm-retained-list-0|archive-date=19 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Ross County===<br />
On 21 June 2022, Dhanda signed a two-year contract with Highland-based [[Scottish Premiership]] team [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Dhanda becomes a Staggie|url=https://www.rosscountyfootballclub.co.uk/news-items/yan-dhanda-becomes-a-staggie|access-date=21 June 2022|website=www.rosscountyfootballclub.co.uk|publisher=Ross County FC |language=en|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621161043/https://www.rosscountyfootballclub.co.uk/news-items/yan-dhanda-becomes-a-staggie|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made his debut for the club, starting a match and played 45 minutes before being substitute, against [[Buckie Thistle F.C.|Buckie Thistle]] in the Scottish League Cup, as Ross County won 4–2 on penalties following a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buckie Thistle 1 Ross County 1: Staggies struggle in draw with Buckie Thistle but claim bonus point after shootout win|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/staggies-struggle-in-draw-with-buckie-thistle-but-claim-bonu-280998/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=9 July 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Two weeks later on 23 July 2022, Dhanda provided a hat–trick assists, as the club beat [[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]] in the Scottish League Cup.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rampant Ross County run riot against East Fife as seven-goal thrashing sees Staggies ease into next round of Premier Sports Cup as group winners|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/staggies-run-riot-against-east-fife-282281/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=23 July 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Since joining Ross County, he became a first team regular, playing in the various midfield positions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda can be the man for Ross County recovery|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/yan-can-be-the-man-for-county-recovery-292356/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=3 November 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Game time is helping Yan Dhanda hit new heights at Ross County|url=http://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/game-time-is-helping-dhanda-hit-new-heights-at-ross-county-297535/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=23 December 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=ANALYSIS: What can we expect from Ross County's new-look strikeforce?|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5350801/analysis-what-can-we-expect-from-ross-countys-new-look-strikeforce/|website=Press and Journal|date=7 February 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> However, Dhanda suffered a hamstring injury and was substituted at half–time, in a 0–0 draw against [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] on 2 January 2023; this saw him miss one match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aberdeen and Ross County begin 2023 with 0-0 stalemate at Pittodrie|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/aberdeen-fc/5229295/aberdeen-and-ross-county-begin-2023-with-0-0-stalemate-at-pittodrie/|website=Press and Journal|date=2 January 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=ANALYSIS: Ross County must make chances count when they face Motherwell in crunch encounter|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5255938/analysis-ross-county-must-make-chances-count-when-they-face-motherwell-in-crunch-encounter/|website=Press and Journal|date=11 January 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> After returning from injury, he scored two goals in January, coming against [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] and [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Motherwell 1-1 Ross County – The Verdict: Player ratings, talking points and star man as Staggies battle back to claim crucial point|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5275189/motherwell-1-1-ross-county-the-verdict-player-ratings-talking-points-and-star-man-as-staggies-battle-back-to-claim-crucial-point/|website=Press and Journal|date=14 January 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County 3-0 Kilmarnock – The Verdict: Player ratings, talking points and star man as Eamonn Brophy makes immediate impact for Staggies|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5331892/ross-county-3-0-kilmarnock-the-verdict-player-ratings-talking-points-and-star-man-as-eamonn-brophy-makes-immediate-impact-for-staggies/|website=Press and Journal|date=28 January 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County up to ninth after coming from behind to draw 1-1 with Hibernian|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5342677/ross-county-up-to-ninth-after-coming-from-behind-to-draw-1-1-with-hibernian/|website=Press and Journal|date=31 January 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> On 25 February 2023, Dhanda scored his third goal for the club, in a 4–0 win against [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Malky Mackay savours Ross County's stunning four-goal triumph over Dundee United|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5439931/malky-mackay-savours-ross-countys-stunning-four-goal-triumph-over-dundee-united/|website=Press and Journal|date=25 February 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> However, he suffered a foot injury while training and was out for three matches.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malky Mackay rues two-minute lapse which put Ross County on backfoot against Livingston|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5520652/malky-mackay-rues-two-minute-lapse-which-put-ross-county-on-backfoot-against-livingston/|website=Press and Journal|date=18 March 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda eager to return to Ross County's starting line-up ahead of trip to Hearts|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5638066/yan-dhanda-eager-to-return-to-ross-countys-starting-line-up-ahead-of-trip-to-hearts/|website=Press and Journal|date=22 April 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Dhanda made his return from injury, coming on as a second–half substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Aberdeen on 14 April 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aberdeen rack up sixth successive win with 1-0 win over Ross County – which moves them five points clear in third place|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/aberdeen-fc/5618260/aberdeen-rack-up-sixth-successive-win-with-1-0-win-over-ross-county-which-moves-them-five-points-clear-in-third-place/|website=Press and Journal|date=14 April 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> He then played a pivotal role for Ross County by scoring two goals in the last two matches in [[2022–23 Scottish Premiership#Bottom six|the league's relegation round]] that saw the club finish in eleventh place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County denied stunning turnaround win against St Johnstone – but final day win at Kilmarnock will secure Premiership safety|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5766706/ross-county-denied-stunning-turnaround-win-against-st-johnstone/|website=Press and Journal|date=24 May 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Kilmarnock 3-1 Ross County – The Verdict: Player ratings, talking points and star man as Staggies consigned to relegation play-off|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5780101/kilmarnock-3-1-ross-county-the-verdict-player-ratings-talking-points-and-star-man-as-staggies-consigned-to-relegation-play-off/|website=Press and Journal|date=28 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> In [[2022–23 Scottish Premiership#Final|the league's promotion play-offs]] against [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]], Dhanda played a vital role when he scored a penalty, set up a goal for [[George Harmon (footballer)|George Harmon]] to bring the match to eventual penalty shootout and scored the first penalty to help Ross County win on penalties to retain their league status for another season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County fan view: Yan Dhanda will be pivotal figure in relegation battle|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5701219/ross-county-fan-view-yan-dhanda-will-be-pivotal-figure-in-relegation-battle/|website=Press and Jourenal|date=8 May 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda says Ross County survival would cap most enjoyable spell of career so far|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5771026/yan-dhanda-says-ross-county-survival-would-cap-most-enjoyable-spell-of-career/|website=Press and Journal|date=27 May 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County 3-1 Partick Thistle (agg 3-3; County win 5-4 on pens)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65736747|website=BBC Sport|date=4 June 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> At the end of the 2022–23 season, Dhanda made thirty–seven appearances and scoring six goals in all competitions.<br />
<br />
Ahead of the 2023–24 season, Dhanda was linked with a move back to England, but he ended up staying at Ross County.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malky Mackay not fazed by English interest in Ross County midfielder Yan Dhanda|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5717752/malky-mackay-not-fazed-by-english-interest-in-ross-county-midfielder-yan-dhanda/|website=Press and Journal|date=11 May 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title='Yan Dhanda will not be leaving Ross County this year' says Malky Mackay|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6020752/dhanda-will-not-be-leaving-says-county-manager/|website=Press and Journal|date=7 August 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title='Dhanda sale would be stupid!' – says Ross County manager Malky Mackay|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/dhanda-sale-would-be-stupid-mackay-325067/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=1 September 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Dhanda continued to be a first team regular at the club, playing in the various midfield positions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda believes Ross County are better than Premiership position suggests|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6272405/yan-dhanda-believes-ross-county-are-better-than-premiership-position-suggests/|website=Press and Journal|date=28 November 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Yan Dhanda already striking strong understanding with new Ross County boss Derek Adams|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6279451/dhanda-striking-strong-understanding-with-adams/|website=Press and Journal|date=5 December 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Analysis: Don Cowie's faith in forwards shows Ross County's intent to succeed in survival battle|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6387586/cowies-faith-in-forwards-shows-ross-countys-intent-to-succeed-in-survival-battle/|website=Press and Journal|date=29 February 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> December then saw him score two goals, coming against [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] and Hearts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County's flying start under Derek Adams continues with 3-0 triumph over Motherwell|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6281298/ross-countys-flying-start-under-derek-adams-continues-with-3-0-triumph-over-motherwell/ |website=Press and Journal|date=5 December 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County throw away two-goal lead to settle for point against Hearts in Premiership|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/ross-county-throw-away-two-goal-lead-to-settle-for-point-in-337592/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=30 December 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> He then captained the club for the first time in his career, in a 3–0 loss against Partick Thistle on 20 January 2024 in the fourth round of the Scottish Cup.<ref>{{cite news|title=Partick Thistle avenge Premiership play-off defeat by knocking Ross County out of the Scottish Cup in Dingwall|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/staggies-dumped-out-of-the-scottish-cup-339658/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=20 January 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Dhanda captained Ross County in the next four matches.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County captaincy can inspire Yan Dhanda to even greater heights, claims Staggies manager Derek Adams|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/captains-armband-can-inspire-dhanda-340099/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=25 January 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> After missing three matches due to a knock, he scored on his return, with a late equaliser, in a 2–2 draw against Hibernian on 13 March 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=Don Cowie boosted by strongest squad of interim Ross County tenure for visit of Hibernian|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6400010/don-cowie-boosted-by-strongest-squad-of-ross-county-tenure-for-visit-of-hibs/|website=Press and Journal|date=12 March 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Don Cowie hails Ross County character after last-gasp equaliser against Hibernian|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6401973/don-cowie-hails-ross-county-character-after-last-gasp-equaliser-against-hibernian/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=13 March 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Once again, Dhanda played a pivotal role for the club by scoring two goals in the last two matches in [[2023–24 Scottish Premiership#Bottom six|the league's relegation round]] that saw them finish in eleventh place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Analysis: Ross County must draw on recent home triumphs to make sure of Premiership safety against Aberdeen|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6472037/ross-county-premiership-safety-analysis/|website=Press and Journal|date=16 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County to face repeat of play-off drama after 2-2 draw with Aberdeen sees Staggies pipped to automatic survival by St Johnstone|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6474808/ross-county-to-face-repeat-of-play-off-drama-after-final-day-draw-with-aberdeen/|website=Press and Journal|date=19 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> In [[2023–24 Scottish Premiership#Premiership play-offs|the league's promotion play-offs]] against [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]], he played in both legs; scoring a penalty and setting up two goals, as Ross County won 6–1 on aggregate to retain their league status.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County claim 2-1 win over Raith Rovers in Premiership play-off first leg|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6480463/ross-county-claim-2-1-win-over-raith-rovers-in-play-off-first-leg/|website=Press and Journal|date=23 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}<br>{{cite news|title=Ross County confirm Premiership safety with emphatic play-off victory over Raith Rovers|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6482234/ross-county-confirm-premiership-safety-with-emphatic-play-off-victory-over-raith-rovers/|website=Press and Journal|date=26 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> AT the end of the 2023–24 season, Dhanda went on to make forty–two appearances and scoring six times in all competitions. On 30 May 2024, the club confirmed his departure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County confirm departure of four players following end of contracts|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/6486605/ross-county-confirm-departure-of-four-players-following-end-of-contracts/|website=Press and Journal|date=30 May 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Heart of Midlothian===<br />
Dhanda signed an agreement with [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]] in January 2024, to join the club when his contract with Ross County expires.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heart of Midlothian: Yan Dhanda agrees pre-contract deal when Ross County spell ends|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68126603|website=www.bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|last=McLauchlin|date=29 January 2024|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref> He officially joined his new team on 26 June 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heartsfc.co.uk/blogs/news/yan-dhanda-joins-hearts|title=Yan Dhanda joins Hearts|work=heartsfc.co.uk|publisher=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]]|date=27 June 2024|accessdate=27 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627020611/https://www.heartsfc.co.uk/blogs/news/yan-dhanda-joins-hearts|archive-date=27 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made his debut for the Jam Tarts, starting a match, in a 0–0 draw against [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] in the opening game of the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hearts 0-0 Rangers: Gers held to goalless draw at Tynecastle in Scottish Premiership curtain-raiser|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11781/13186744/hearts-0-0-rangers-gers-held-to-goalless-draw-at-tynecastle-in-scottish-premiership-curtain-raiser|website=Sky Sports|date=5 August 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Dhanda then scored his first goal for the club, which was a winning goal, in a 2–1 win against [[FC Dinamo Minsk|Dinamo Minsk]] in the [[2024–25 UEFA Conference League|UEFA Conference League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Dinamo Minsk 1-2 Hearts: Yan Dhanda snatches 94th minute winner|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cwylpg7yr5nt|website=BBC Sport|date=4 October 2024|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Dundee (loan) ====<br />
On 8 August 2025, Dhanda joined fellow [[Scottish Premiership]] club [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] on a season-long loan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-08 |title=Dhanda chooses the Dee |url=https://dundeefc.co.uk/news/dhanda-is-a-dee/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=Dundee Football Club - Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-08 |title=Dundee: Yan Dhanda joins on loan from Hearts after Simon Murray calls |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/czery5wyd3jo |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> After fulfilling a suspension from the previous season, Dhanda made his debut for the ''Dark Blues'' on 23 August in a league draw away to [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kilmarnock 0-0 Dundee: Scottish Premiership report, reaction, score, stats & report |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c5ylk9e43y9t |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 13 December, Dhanda scored his first goal for Dundee in an away draw against [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingston 2-2 Dundee: Scottish Premiership updates & report |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c898d0kj2w8t |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Two weeks later, Dhanda scored a penalty against [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]], the only goal in a 1–0 home win.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dundee vs Falkirk LIVE: Scottish Premiership team news, report, reaction, stats & head-to-head |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cd9zweel28pt |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
In January 2014, Dhanda was called up to the [[England national under-17 football team|England U16]] squad.<ref>{{cite news|title=U16s squad named for UEFA games at St. George's Park|url=https://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jan/31/england-u16s-squad-named-for-sgp-tournament-310114|website=Football Association|date=31 January 2014|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> He scored twice on his U16 debut, in a 4–1 win against [[Denmark national under-17 football team|Denmark U16]] on 11 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/feb/11/england-u16-denmark-match-report-110214|title=Match report: England U16s 4-1 Denmark U16s at SGP|website=Football Association|date=11 February 2014|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014144523/http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/feb/11/england-u16-denmark-match-report-110214|archive-date=14 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda went on to make three appearances for England U16.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/apr/15/england-u16-saudi-arabia-1504|title=ENGLAND UNDER-16S DISAPPOINTED AFTER MONTAIGU OPENER|publisher=Football Association|date=15 April 2014|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116135639/http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/apr/15/england-u16-saudi-arabia-1504|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2014, Dhanda was called up to the [[England national under-17 football team|England U17]] squad for the [[2014 Nordic Under-17 Football Championship|Nordic Under-17 Football Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jul/11/kenny-swain-names-england-squad-for-nordic-tournament-110714|title=England U17s squad named for the Nordic Tournament|website=Football Association|date=11 July 2014|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806072512/http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jul/11/kenny-swain-names-england-squad-for-nordic-tournament-110714|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored twice for the U17 side, in a 5–1 win against [[Iceland national under-17 football team|Iceland U17]] on 29 July 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jul/28/england-u17-iceland-nordic-tournament-match-report-270714|title=Five-star England cruise to victory in Nordics opener|website=Football Association|date=28 July 2014|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111173716/http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/jul/28/england-u17-iceland-nordic-tournament-match-report-270714|archive-date=11 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanda went on to play four times in the tournament, as England U17 finished 4th place in the tournament.<ref name="Dhanda details">{{cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/who-yan-dhanda-meet-liverpool-14672461|title=Who is Yan Dhanda? Meet the Liverpool starlet who just signed for Swansea City|first=Tom|last=Coleman|publisher=WalesOnline|date=23 May 2018|access-date=13 July 2018|archive-date=4 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231917/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/who-yan-dhanda-meet-liverpool-14672461|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dhanda has expressed the desire to represent [[India national football team|India]] internationally and carries an [[Overseas Citizenship of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/yan-dhanda-wants-to-represent-india-hopes-oci-cards-become-reality-soon-40826|title=Yan Dhanda wants to represent India; hopes OCI cards become reality soon|date=27 March 2023|access-date=23 April 2023|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328085358/https://thebridge.in/football/yan-dhanda-wants-to-represent-india-hopes-oci-cards-become-reality-soon-40826|archive-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> However, Indian law prevents overseas citizens from representing the nation in any sporting events, while dual citizenship is also not permitted.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ross County midfielder Yan Dhanda determined to keep fighting corner in efforts to represent India|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/sport/football/ross-county/5860324/ross-county-midfielder-yan-dhanda-determined-to-keep-fighting-corner-in-efforts-to-represent-india/|website=Press and Journal|date=21 June 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Despite this, he expressed his determination to represent India.<ref>{{cite news|title=INTERVIEW: Ross County's Yan Dhanda, praised by manager Derek Adams lately, is eagerly awaiting a breakthrough rule-change that could see him star for India at international level|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/interview-dhanda-eager-for-rule-change-to-bring-internation-334866/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=5 December 2023|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Dhanda is of [[British Indian|Indian]] [[British Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[British Sikhs|Sikh]] heritage through his father.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yan Dhanda: Racist abuse affected me more than I thought it would, but I won't be leaving social media |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12221892/yan-dhanda-racist-abuse-affected-me-more-than-i-thought-it-would-but-i-wont-be-leaving-social-media |quote=Birmingham-born Dhanda is a product of the West Brom academy, and his father is Sikh-Punjabi.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thisisanfield.com/2017/10/yan-dhanda-liverpools-history-making-attacking-midfielder/|title=Yan Dhanda: Who is Liverpool's history-making attacking midfielder?|date=3 October 2017|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=4 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804232117/https://www.thisisanfield.com/2017/10/yan-dhanda-liverpools-history-making-attacking-midfielder/|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2019, he visited India (the birthplace of his grandparents) for a week with local clubs and schools to meet children and inspire them to follow their dreams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/dhanda-takes-inspiration-trip-india|title=Dhanda takes inspiration from trip to India|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date=22 July 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630154008/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/dhanda-takes-inspiration-trip-india|archive-date=30 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dhanda has said that the [[Racism in association football|racism]] he has encountered as a [[British Asians in association football|British Asian footballer]] inspires him to play at his best.<ref name="Dhanda February 2021"/><ref name="sky">{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/british-asian-footballer-yan-dhanda-racist-abuse-drives-me-on-even-more-11794861|title=British Asian footballer Yan Dhanda: Racist abuse drives me on even more|website=Sky News|access-date=3 September 2019|archive-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903193037/https://news.sky.com/story/british-asian-footballer-yan-dhanda-racist-abuse-drives-me-on-even-more-11794861|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New Ross County signing Yan Dhanda out to defy football's prejudice|url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/sport/dhanda-out-to-defy-football-s-prejudice-280007/|website=Ross-Shire Journal|date=30 June 2022|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> The most prominent racial abuse that Dhanda received was from a 14-year-old child from Kent, who sent a racist message to Dhanda on social media following Swansea City's 2021 [[FA Cup]] loss to [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59596065|title=Dhanda abuser on educational programme|work=BBC Sport |date=9 December 2021 |access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210193701/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59596065|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
During his time at Swansea City, he began learning the [[Welsh language]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/welsh-test-yan-dhanda|title=Welsh test for Yan Dhanda|website=Swansea City A.F.C.|date= 15 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929085612/https://www.swanseacity.com/news/welsh-test-yan-dhanda|archive-date=29 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
{{updated|15 March 2026}}<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|Club<br />
!rowspan=2|Season<br />
!colspan=3|League<br />
!colspan=2|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Scottish Cup]], [[FA Cup]]}}<br />
!colspan=2|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Scottish League Cup]], [[EFL Cup]]}}<br />
!colspan=2|Other<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]<br />
|[[2018–19 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|113397|2018|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref><br />
|[[EFL Championship|Championship]]<br />
|5||1||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||6||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019–20 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref name=sb1920>{{soccerbase season|113397|2019|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref><br />
|Championship<br />
|16||3||0||0||2||0||1{{efn|name=CPO|Appearance in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||19||3<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020–21 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref name=sb2021>{{soccerbase season|113397|2020|access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|Championship<br />
|26||1||3||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=CPO}}||0||31||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021–22 Swansea City A.F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name=sb2122>{{soccerbase season|113397|2021|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|Championship<br />
|3||0||1||0||3||0||colspan=2|—||7||0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
!50||5||4||0||7||0||2||0||63||5<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]]<br />
|[[2022–23 Ross County F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref name=sb2223>{{soccerbase season|113397|2022|access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref><br />
|[[Scottish Premiership]]<br />
|30||5||1||0||4||0||2{{Efn|name=SPP|Appearances in Scottish Premiership play-offs}}||1||37||6<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023–24 Ross County F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref name=sb2324>{{soccerbase season|113397|2023|access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref><br />
|Scottish Premiership <br />
|35||5||1||0||4||0||2{{Efn|name=SPP}}||1||42||6<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
!65!!10!!2!!0!!8!!0!!4!!2!!79!!12<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]<br />
|[[2024–25 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season|2024–25]]<ref name=sb2425>{{soccerbase season|113397|2024|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|Scottish Premiership<br />
|25||0||1||1||1||0||6{{Efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]], three appearances and one goal in [[UEFA Conference League]]}}||1||33||2<br />
|-<br />
|[[2025–26 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season|2025–26]]<ref name=sb2526>{{soccerbase season|113397|2025|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|Scottish Premiership<br />
|0||0||colspan=2|—||1||0||colspan=2|—||1||0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
!25!!0!!1!!1!!2!!0!!6!!1!!34!!2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (loan)<br />
|[[2025–26 Dundee F.C. season|2025–26]]<ref name=sb2526/><br />
|Scottish Premiership<br />
|23||2||2||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||25||2<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Career total<br />
!163||17||9||1||17||0||12||2||201||20<br />
|}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
'''Individual'''<br />
*Asian Football Awards: 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/143091-reds-doctor-nominated-for-afa-honour|title=Reds doctor nominated for AFA honour|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=21 August 2013|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112011224/https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/143091-reds-doctor-nominated-for-afa-honour|archive-date=12 November 2020|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/146671-reds-starlet-wins-prestigious-award|title=Reds starlet wins prestigious award|website=Liverpool F.C.|date=9 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730151141/https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/146671-reds-starlet-wins-prestigious-award|archive-date=30 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[List of Sikh footballers]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
<!--{{Heart of Midlothian F.C. squad}}--><br />
{{Dundee F.C. squad}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhanda, Yan}}<br />
[[Category:1998 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Tipton]]<br />
[[Category:English men's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:England men's youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]<br />
[[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Swansea City A.F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:English Football League players]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:British Asian footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish Professional Football League players]]<br />
[[Category:Ross County F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Dundee F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:People with Overseas Citizenship of India]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English sportsmen]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veer_Bahadur_Singh_Purvanchal_University&diff=463331
Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University
2026-03-12T12:22:03Z
<p>Maryslanker: fix references for consistency and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|University in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{redirect|Purvanchal University|the university established in Nepal|Purbanchal University}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Purvanchallogo.png<br />
| motto = ''tejasvi nāvadhītamastu''<br />(from the ''[[Aranyaka#Taittiriya Aranyaka|Taittiriya āraṇyaka]]'' of the [[Yajurveda]], 8.0.0)<br />
| mottoeng = "May our knowledge become brilliant."<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2 October 1987}}<br />
| former_names = Purvanchal University<br />
| chancellor = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| vice_chancellor = Vandana Singh<ref>{{cite web |title=AU faculty to head Purvanchal University|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/au-faculty-to-head-purvanchal-university/articleshow/103042378.cms?from=mdr|access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref><br />
| faculty = 150+<ref name="VBSPU"/><br />
| students = 1,421<ref name="VBSPU">{{cite web |title=University Student Enrollment Details |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=487Tb5QSmXkTnnzf/c9U+g==&Unitype=iA7z/ds2To+MdcuCvitOpQ== |website=www.ugc.ac.in |access-date= 29 April 2020}}</ref><br />
| undergrad = 864<ref name="VBSPU"/><br />
| postgrad = 535<ref name="VBSPU"/><br />
| doctoral = 22<ref name="VBSPU"/><br />
| administrative_staff = {{unbulleted list|412 campus employees}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Campus Employees List|url=http://www.vbspu.ac.in/employee-association/|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
| colours = {{color box|FDEE00}} Yellow<br />{{color box|DA1884}} Barbie Pink<br />
| city = [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India<br />
| type = [[State university (India)|State university (Government)]]<br />
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Bar Council of India|BCI]]|[[Pharmacy Council of India|PCI]]}}<br />
| accreditation = {{hlist|[[AICTE]]|[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]}}<br />
| campus = Semi-urban, {{cvt|171.5|acre}}<br />
| mascot = [[Lotus flower]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.vbspu.ac.in}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University''' ('''VBSPU'''), formerly '''Purvanchal University''', is a [[State university (India)|public state university]] based in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university. It is named after Shri [[Vir Bahadur Singh|Veer Bahadur Singh]], the former chief minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<br />
<br />
[[File:purvanchalmain.jpg|thumb|right|Main entrance gate of the university]]<br />
The university is engaged in research through MoU with foreign and local universities, organizations and institutions. Many of its departments are identified by UGC as Centres of Excellence Aditya Banerjee student.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Purvanchal University, Jaunpur renamed as Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University in the honour of late Shri [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former [[Chief Minister]] of the state, was established on 2 October 1987 as an affiliating university under U.P. state university act 1973. Started with the 68 affiliated colleges, the university now has widened its spectrum of activities with 367 affiliated graduate and post-graduate colleges and student enrollment of nearly three [[lakh]] and eighty thousand ({{Lakh|3.8}}) in five districts of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="About University">{{cite web |title=About University |url=https://www.vbspu.ac.in/about-university/|website=www.vbspu.ac.in|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2024, Two professors were suspended for allegedly extorting money from students in exchange of marks on answer sheets written with songs, music, names of cricketers and the slogan [[Jai Shri Ram|''Jai Shree Ram'']]. They purposefully increased the marked from Zero to close to Sixty percent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Students Clear Exam With 'Jai Shri Ram' Answers, Professors Suspended |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/up-students-clear-exam-with-jai-shri-ram-answers-professors-suspended-5531490 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Campus ==<br />
[[File:Aerial View of Main Campus.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial View of Main Campus]]<br />
[[File:Inside View VBSPU.jpg|thumb|right|Inside of the university]]<br />
The university is about 11&nbsp;km from the historic city of Jaunpur on Jaunpur-Shahganj road which divides its 171.5-acre (0.694 km<sup>2</sup>) campus into two parts: one with the campus and another with a hostel, teacher's colony, transit hostel, guest house, chancellor suite and vice chancellor residence.<ref name="About University"/><br />
<br />
===Auditorium===<br />
[[File:Auditorium VBSPU.jpg|thumb|right|Mahant Avaidyanath Auditorium]]<br />
<br />
The university auditorium has a capacity of 1000 students. It is fully air conditioned with wooden work on the stage lot of space in front. The auditorium has separate rooms and other basic facilities for conducting special programmes like convocation, national and international level conferences, and many other academic and cultural events.<br />
<ref name="Auditorium VBSPU">{{cite web |title=Auditorium VBSPU |url=https://www.vbspu.ac.in/Auditorium/|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Organisation and administration ==<br />
=== Faculties ===<br />
[[File:FMS Purvanchal University.jpg|thumb|right|Faculty of Management Studies]]<br />
[[File:Faculty of Pharmacy VBSPU.jpg|thumb|right|Institute of Pharmacy]]<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Engineering and Technology'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)<br />
** Information Technology (IT)<br />
** Electrical Engineering (EE)<br />
** Mechanical Engineering (ME)<br />
** Artificial Intelligence (AI)<br />
** Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)<br />
** Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (EIE)<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Management Studies'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** Business Management (includes [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]], Agri Business and e-Commerce)<br />
** Finance and Control<br />
** Business Economics<br />
** Human Resource Development (HRD)<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Computer Applications'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** Computer Applications ([[Bachelor of Computer Applications|BCA]] and [[Master of Computer Applications|MCA]])<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Medicine'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** Pharmacy (D.Pharm. and [[B.Pharm]])<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Commerce'''<br />
* Department<br />
** [[Bachelor of Commerce]] (Hon.)<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Science'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** [[Biotechnology]]<br />
** [[Microbiology]]<br />
** [[Biochemistry]]<br />
** [[Environmental Science]]<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Applied Social Sciences'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** [[Social Science]]<br />
** [[Applied Psychology]]<br />
** [[Mass Communication]]<br />
<br />
'''Faculty of Law'''<br />
* Departments<br />
** Integrated B.A. L.L.B.<br />
<br />
=== Institutes ===<br />
'''Prof. Rajendra Singh Institute of Physical Science for Study & Research'''<br />
* Department<br />
** [[Mathematics]]<br />
** [[Physics]]<br />
** [[Chemistry]]<br />
** Earth and Planetary Sciences<br />
** Nanoscience and Technology<br />
** [[Renewable Energy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://Www.vbspu.ac.in|title=site}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Academics==<br />
===Admission===<br />
Students are admitted to various courses based on the merit of a qualifying degree. To pursue post-graduation courses at Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, the candidate must have passed graduation with at least 45% marks from a reputable university in the relevant specialisation. Selection of candidates to MCA, MBA, B.Pharma and B.Tech. is done on the basis of marks obtained in JEE MAINS Following the publication of the [[SEE-UPTU]] merit list, candidates need to appear for the counselling on the specified date and time at the allotted venue. The final list of candidates selected for admission is published on the university website thereafter.<br />
<br />
===Placement===<br />
The university has been in ties with the top companies offering various job roles and opportunities to the students at lucrative pay packages, ranging from [[Indian rupee|INR]] 1.8 lakh ({{Lakh|1.8}}) to INR 15 lakh ({{Lakh|15}}). Some of the key employers include [[Infosys]], [[Paytm]], [[Swiggy]], [[Max Life Insurance]], [[Zomato]], [[LG Electronics]], [[ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund|ICICI Prudential]], [[Tech Mahindra]], [[Kotak Mahindra Bank]], [[Genpact]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vbspu.ac.in/training-placement/|title=Placement and Training Cell News}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=self-sourced claim of superior accomplishement|date=May 2020}}<br />
<br />
==Research==<br />
[[File:Research Institute In Purvanchal.jpg|thumb|right|Research Institute in Purvanchal University]]<br />
<br />
A committee is assigned to monitor research activity in the university. Over 60% of the faculty members have doctoral degrees and they are engaged in guiding research scholars. Faculty members are eligible to guide students after five years of teaching and publications in peer-reviewed journals. The Department of Biotechnology is one of the leading departments of the university. It was established in 1999. The department has good research facilities and the research groups, mainly the Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory and Molecular Biology Group, are involved in basic research.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}<br />
<br />
==Sports==<br />
A large open stadium of ground and sitting capacity of 5000 has been witnessing several sports finale of zonal, state and national level. The lounge of the stadium includes rooms in first and second floor and other basic facilities useful for conducting sports, NSS, Rovers and Rangers programmes. In the recent years the university has conducted several sports events like All India [[Kabaddi]], [[basketball]], [[handball]], Inter-University [[Cricket]] tournament etc.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Universities in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1987]]<br />
[[Category:1987 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilhaur_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=491695
Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency
2026-03-08T15:48:38Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Former constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Bilhaur <br />
| type = LS<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| state = Uttar Pradesh<br />
| union_territory =<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| abolished = 2008<br />
| assembly_cons = <br />
| latest_election_year = 2007<br />
| reservation = <br />
| mp =<br />
| party =<br />
| electors =<br />
| preceded_by =<br />
}}<br />
'''Bilhaur''' (Kanpur) was a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilhaur Constituency Comparison Chart of Political Party Candidates |url=https://www.myneta.info/loksabha2004/comparisonchart.php?constituency_id=476 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilhaur Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bilhaur-lok-sabha |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> The last election for this constituency was held in 2004 before it was abolished in delimitation in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilhaur Lok Sabha Constituency Map: bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency details along with electoral map |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/bilhaur |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-08 |title=Quote of the day by Serena Williams: ‘The success of every woman should be the inspiration to another…’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/quote-of-the-day-by-serena-williams-the-success-of-every-woman-should-be-the-inspiration-to-another-101772892763936.html |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
!No<br />
!Name<br />
!District<br />
!Electorate<br/>(2007)<br />
|-<br />
|276<br />
|Kalyanpur<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Kanpur Nagar]]<br />
|3,76,612<br />
|-<br />
|277<br />
|Sarsaul<br />
|2,73,365<br />
|-<br />
|281<br />
|Sarvankhera<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Kanpur Dehat]]<br />
|2,66,589<br />
|-<br />
|282<br />
|[[Chaubepur Assembly constituency|Chaubepur]]<br />
|2,48,416<br />
|-<br />
|283<br />
|[[Bilhaur Assembly constituency|Bilhaur]] (SC) <br />
|2,45,781<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Members of Parliament==<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|[[Jagdish Awasthi]]<br />
|rowspan="4" style=background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
|Braj Bihari Mehrotra<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
|[[Sushila Rohatgi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|[[Sushila Rohatgi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|Ram Gopal Yadav<br />
|style=background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}|<br />
|[[Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
|Ram Narain Tripathi<br />
|style=background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|<br />
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|[[Jagdish Awasthi]]<br />
|style=background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|[[Arun Nehru]]<br />
|style=background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}|<br />
|[[Janata Dal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|rowspan="4" style=background-color:{{party color|BJP}}|<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|[[Raja Ram Pal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajaram Pal: Samajwadi Party's Candidate From Akbarpur Lok Sabha Constituency |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/rajaram-pal-samajwadi-partys-candidate-from-akbarpur-lok-sabha-constituency |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=TimelineDaily |language=en}}</ref><br />
|rowspan="2" style=background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}|<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|2007^<br />
|[[Anil Shukla Warsi]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{center|''2008 onwards : Constituency does not exist''}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===1989===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate= [[Arun Nehru|Arun Kumar Nehru]]<br />
|party = Janata Dal<br />
|votes = 2,85,047<br />
|percentage = 57.47<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Jagdish Awasthi<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 1,38,815<br />
|percentage = 27.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Jai Veer<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 23,360<br />
|percentage = 4.71<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Jagdish Prasad<br />
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br />
|votes = 14,286<br />
|percentage = 2.88<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Ram Gopal<br />
|party = [[Lok Dal (Bahuguna)|LKD(B)]]<br />
|votes = 7,242<br />
|percentage = 1.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1,46,232<br />
|percentage = 29.48<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 4,95,953<br />
|percentage = 51.21<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Janata Dal<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1991===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 1,37,421<br />
|percentage = 30.23<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sarwan Kumar Singh<br />
|party = Janata Party<br />
|votes = 95,797<br />
|percentage = 21.08<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Jayant Kumar Malhotra<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 95,072<br />
|percentage = 20.92<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Virendra Nath Dixit<br />
|party = Janata Dal<br />
|votes = 92,173<br />
|percentage = 20.28<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Bharat Singh<br />
|party = Lok Dal<br />
|votes = 7,919<br />
|percentage = 1.74<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 41,624<br />
|percentage = 9.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 4,54,544<br />
|percentage = 46.13<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Janata Dal<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1996===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 2,15,561<br />
|percentage = 38.93<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Raja Ram Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 1,82,022<br />
|percentage = 32.88<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Sukhram Singh Yadav]]<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 99,637<br />
|percentage = 18.00<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Shivnath Singh Kushwaha<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 25,237<br />
|percentage = 4.56<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Patel<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 3,629<br />
|percentage = 0.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 33,539<br />
|percentage = 6.05<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 5,53,661<br />
|percentage = 44.74<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1998===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]] }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|votes = 2,80,318<br />
|percentage = 41.36<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Raja Ram Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 1,81,771<br />
|percentage = 26.82<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Hari Kishan<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 1,76,106<br />
|percentage = 25.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Bhudhar Narayan Mishra<br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|votes = 27,020<br />
|percentage = 3.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)<br />
|candidate = Mahesh Pal<br />
|votes = 3,272<br />
|percentage = 0.48<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 98,547<br />
|percentage = 14.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,77,693<br />
|percentage = 53.93<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1999===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]] }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|votes = 1,92,054<br />
|percentage = 30.37 <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Raja Ram Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 1,88,831<br />
|percentage = 29.86<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sadhuram Kushwaha<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 1,24,415<br />
|percentage = 19.67<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Naresh Bahadur <br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|votes = 1,12,070<br />
|percentage = 17.72<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)<br />
|candidate = Sohan Prakash<br />
|votes = 12,950<br />
|percentage = 2.05<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 3,223<br />
|percentage = 0.51<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,32,450<br />
|percentage = 50.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2004===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: [[Bilhaur|Bilhaur (Kanpur)]] }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = [[Raja Ram Pal]]<br />
|votes = 2,23,195<br />
|percentage = 34.80<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lal Singh Tomar<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 1,98,793<br />
|percentage = 30.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 1,59,681<br />
|percentage = 24.90<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Madan Mohan Shukla<br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|votes = 34,049<br />
|percentage = 5.31<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Surya Bali<br />
|votes = 7,054<br />
|percentage = 1.10<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 24,402<br />
|percentage = 3.81<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,41,397<br />
|percentage = 46.83<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2007 by-election===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2007: Bilhaur (Kanpur)}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = [[Anil Shukla Warsi]]<br />
|votes = 2,29,123<br />
|percentage = 34.22<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lal Singh Tomar<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 2,03,111<br />
|percentage = 30.33<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 1,14,620<br />
|percentage = 17.12<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = [[Raja Ram Pal]]<br />
|party = [[Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party|BSKP]]<br />
|votes = 49,976<br />
|percentage = 7.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Naresh Bahadur Singh<br />
|votes = 40,974<br />
|percentage = 6.12<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 26,012<br />
|percentage = 3.89<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,69,612<br />
|percentage = 47.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Bilhaur]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|26.8|80.1|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency}}<br />
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br />
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fara_Shibla&diff=498885
Fara Shibla
2026-03-08T11:17:40Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Fara Shibla<br />
| image = <br />
| caption =<br />
| native_name = <!--Do not fill this field; see [[WP:INDICSCRIPTS]] policy--><br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Malappuram]], [[Kerala]]<br />
| relatives = <br />
| spouse = Vijith Nair<br />
| children = 1<br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| native_name_lang = <!--Do not fill this field; see [[WP:INDICSCRIPTS]] policy--><br />
| years_active = 2019–present<br />
| works = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Fara Shibla''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Malayalam]]-language films. She gained recognition with her debut film ''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]'' (2019), and since then has appeared in ''[[Divorce (2023 film)|Divorce]]'', ''[[Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham]]'', ''[[Pulimada]]'' (all three 2023) and ''[[Get-Set Baby]]'' (2025).<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Shibla made her film debut with Dinjith Ayyathan's satirical comedy ''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]'' (2019), playing a plump bride, Kanthi, disliked by her husband ([[Ahmed Sidhique]]). She gained 20&nbsp;kg weight to play the character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forget curves, Shibla compromised her health for 'Amminippilla!' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2019/06/19/shibla-interview-kakshi-amminippila-actress.html |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Onmanorama |language=en}}</ref> Her work was praised by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title='Kakshi: Amminippilla' review {{!}} Wedding on Earth or Heaven? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2019/06/30/kakshi-amminippilla-movie-review-asif-ali-ahmed-sidhique.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=2019-07-01 |title=Kakshi film review: An essential film for our times |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/Jul/01/kakshi-film-review-an-essential-film-for-our-times-1997577.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[Divorce (2023 film)|Divorce]]'' (2023), she played Noorjahan, an illiterate woman seeking divorce from her husband.<ref name=":0" /> Also in 2023, she played [[Basil Joseph]]'s sister in ''[[Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham]]'' and [[Joju George]]'s unfaithful fiancée in ''[[Pulimada]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham Movie Review: An emotionally stirring tale from a not-so-distant past |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/apr/22/kadina-kadoramee-andakadaham-movie-review-an-emotionally-stirring-tale-from-a-not-so-distant-past-42578.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425103113/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/apr/22/kadina-kadoramee-andakadaham-movie-review-an-emotionally-stirring-tale-from-a-not-so-distant-past-42578.html |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=22 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2025, she had a supporting role in [[Vinay Govind]]'s comedy drama ''[[Get-Set Baby]]'', starring [[Unni Mukundan]]. The film received mixed reviews and fared poorly at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Get Set Baby review: Unni Mukundan and Nikhila Vimal film is new wine in an old bottle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/get-set-baby-review-unni-mukundan-and-nikhila-vimal-film-is-new-wine-in-an-old-bottle-9847789/lite/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhury |first=Shreshtha |date=2025-03-07 |title=Get-Set Baby Box Office Collection Day 14: Unni Mukundan Starrer Grows By 50%, But It's Of No Use! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/get-set-baby-box-office-collection-day-14-unni-mukundan-starrer-grows-by-50-but-its-of-no-use/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Koimoi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Shibla was born and raised in [[Malappuram]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Onam 2020: Exclusive! Fara Shibla extends warm Onam wishes for health workers; watch video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/onam-2020-exclusive-fara-shibla-extends-warm-onam-wishes-for-health-workers-watch-video/articleshow/77843941.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in a conservative [[Muslims|Muslim]] family. She identifies as a [[atheist|non-believer]]. She is married to Vijith Nair, a [[Hindu]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Shibla Fara: I have emotionally heavy and lightweight films coming up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shibla-fara-i-have-emotionally-heavy-and-lightweight-films-coming-up/articleshow/82147251.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and they have a son, Veer Abhimanyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=11 വര്ഷത്തെ ദാമ്പത്യം, 15 വര്ഷത്തെ ബന്ധം; അതിനിടയില് ചെയ്തത് 7652 തെറ്റുകള്, 9764 തവണ വഴക്കിട്ടു, വാക്ക് പാലിച്ചില്ല; എണ്ണിയെണ്ണി വിജിത്തും ഷിബ്ലയും |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/fara-shibla-and-husband-vijith-share-a-unique-social-media-post-on-their-11th-wedding-anniversary/articleshow/117548713.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref> Shibla often promotes [[body positivity]] through her social media.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-12-12 |title='My body isn't yours to critique': Malayalam actor Fara Shibla on Instagram |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/my-body-isn-t-yours-critique-malayalam-actor-fara-shibla-instagram-158842 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=11 വര്ഷത്തെ ദാമ്പത്യം, 15 വര്ഷത്തെ ബന്ധം; അതിനിടയില് ചെയ്തത് 7652 തെറ്റുകള്, 9764 തവണ വഴക്കിട്ടു, വാക്ക് പാലിച്ചില്ല; എണ്ണിയെണ്ണി വിജിത്തും ഷിബ്ലയും |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/fara-shibla-and-husband-vijith-share-a-unique-social-media-post-on-their-11th-wedding-anniversary/articleshow/117548713.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive! 'Kakshi: Amminippilla' actress Shibla: Empowerment is also about having the freedom to choose |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/exclusive-kakshi-amminippilla-actress-shibla-empowerment-is-also-about-having-the-freedom-to-choose/articleshow/77110206.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]'' || Kanthi Sivadasan || Credited as "Shibla"<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive! Shibla: I remember watching 'Dum Laga Ke Haisha' twice in one go |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/exclusive-shibla-i-remember-watching-dum-laga-ke-haisha-twice-in-one-go/articleshow/77149292.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Safe'' ||Adv. Sinimol ||<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4 | 2023 || ''[[Divorce (2023 film)|Divorce]]'' || Noorjahan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham]]'' || Bushara ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pulimada]]'' || Jessy ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Somante Krithavu'' || Shalini||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vinay Forrt's next is a light-hearted entertainer titled 'Somante Krithavu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vinay-forrts-next-is-a-light-hearted-entertainer-titled-somante-krithavu/articleshow/89659425.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-10-09 |title='Somante Krithavu' team expresses displeasure with producers for the lack of promotions |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/somante-krithavu-vinay-forrt-unhappy-with-the-lack-of-promotions/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan=2|2025 || ''[[Get-Set Baby]]'' || Aisha Rahim ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kerala Crime Files|Kerala Crime Files 2]]'' ||Dr. Raveena ||[[JioHotstar]] series<ref>{{Cite news |title='Kerala Crime Files' season 2 gets release date, trailer builds suspense|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/06/14/kerala-crime-files-2-trailer-out-web-series-aju-varghese-indrans.html |access-date=22 June 2025|work=Onmanorama}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|10683291}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shibla, Fara}}<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian former Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=INS_Sindhurakshak&diff=503532
INS Sindhurakshak
2026-03-07T05:32:34Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created Some Stub Added Tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian naval vessel}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox ship<br />
|section1={{Infobox ship/image<br />
|image=INS Sindhurakshak (S63)-6edited.jpg<br />
|image_caption=INS ''Sindhurakshak'' in 2013.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section2={{Infobox ship/career<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|country=India<br />
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval 2014}}<br />
|name=INS ''Sindhurakshak''<br />
|namesake=<br />
|ordered=<br />
|builder=[[Admiralty Shipyard]], [[Saint Petersburg]]<br />
|laid_down=16 February 1995<br />
|launched=26 June 1997<br />
|acquired=<br />
|commissioned= 24 December 1997<br />
|decommissioned= 6 March 2017<ref name="Decom.">{{cite news|title=Submarine Sindhurakshak to be decommissioned before rains - Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/submarine-sindhurakshak-to-be-decommissioned-before-rains/articleshow/57381318.cms|website=The Times of India|date=28 February 2017 |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref><br />
|in_service=<br />
|out_of_service=14 August 2013<br />
|struck=<br />
|reinstated=<br />
|identification=[[Pennant number]]: S63<br />
|fate=Severely damaged on 14 August 2013 due to on-board explosions; sunk in deep water in Arabian Sea in June 2017<br />
|badge = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|header_caption=<br />
|class= [[Sindhughosh-class submarine|''Sindhughosh''-class]] [[submarine]]<br />
|type= <br />
|displacement=*{{convert|2325|t|ST|abbr=on}} surfaced<br />
*{{convert|3076|t|ST|abbr=on}} submerged<br />
|length= {{convert|72.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
|beam= {{convert|9.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
|draught= {{convert|6.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
|draft=<br />
|propulsion=*2 × {{convert|3650|hp|kW|abbr=on}} diesel-electric motors<br />
*1 × {{convert|5900|hp|kW|abbr=on}} motor<br />
*2 × {{convert|204|hp|kW|abbr=on}} auxiliary motors<br />
*1 × {{convert|130|hp|kW|abbr=on}} economic speed motor<br />
|speed=*''Surfaced'': {{convert|10|kn|km/h}}<br />
*''[[Submarine snorkel|Snorkel Mode]]'': {{convert|9|kn|km/h}}<br />
*''Submerged'': {{convert|17|kn|km/h}}<br />
|range=*''Snorkel Mode'': {{convert|6000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}<br />
*''Submerged'': {{convert|400|mi|km}} at {{convert|3|kn|km/h}}<br />
|endurance= Up to 45 days with a crew of 52<br />
|test_depth=*Operational depth: {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
*Maximum depth: {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
|complement= Seven officers and 61 ratings<ref name=inavysc>{{cite web|title=Sindhughosh Class|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/sindhughosh-class|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=14 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819094409/http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/sindhughosh-class|archive-date=19 August 2013}}</ref><br />
|sensors=<br />
|EW=<br />
|armament=*[[Strela 3|9M36 Strela-3]] (SA-N-8) surface-to-air missile<br />
*[[3M-54 Klub#Klub-S.5B3.5D|3M-54 Klub-S]] anti-ship and land-attack missiles<br />
*[[53-65 torpedo|Type 53-65]] passive wake-homing torpedo<br />
*TEST 71/76 anti-submarine active-passive homing torpedo<br />
*24 × DM-1 mines in lieu of torpedo tube<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''INS ''Sindhurakshak''''' ([[Sanskrit]], for ''Protector of the Seas'')<ref>{{cite news|title=18 sailors feared killed in INS Sindhurakshak explosion|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7WtO8WducFYz3LZDt5Iv3N/18-Indian-sailors-feared-trapped-after-explosion-on-submarin.html|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=Livemint|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> was a Russian-made [[Kilo-class submarine|Kilo-class]] 877EKM<ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak tragedy: Defence PRO says chances of survivors unlikely|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/ins-sindhurakshak-tragedy-defence-pro-says-chances-of-survivors-unlikely-173995-2013-08-15|access-date=23 August 2013|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='India should seek Russian help in INS Sindhurakshak rescue': Defence experts|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-should-seek-russian-help-in-ins-sindhurakshak-rescue-defence-experts-113081600651_1.html|access-date=23 August 2013|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=23 August 2013}}</ref> ({{sclass|Sindhughosh|submarine|0}}) diesel-electric [[submarine]] of the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=in-sg>{{cite web|title=Sindhughosh Class - Active submarines of the Indian Navy|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/submarines-service|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=14 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819031759/http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/submarines-service|archive-date=19 August 2013}}</ref> Commissioned on 24 December 1997, it was the ninth of the ten Kilo-class submarines in the Indian Navy.<ref name=it12a13/> On 4 June 2010, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Defence Ministry]] and Zvezdochka shipyard signed a contract worth US$80 million to upgrade and overhaul the submarine. After the overhaul, it returned to India from Russia between May and June 2013.<ref name=TOI1>{{cite news|title=Fire-ravaged Indian Navy submarine sinks, Antony confirms deaths|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fire-ravaged-Indian-Navy-submarine-sinks-Antony-confirms-deaths/articleshow/21819584.cms|work=The Times of India|date=14 August 2013 |access-date=14 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
The submarine suffered a major fire and explosion on 14 August 2013 and sank at Mumbai's [[Naval Dockyard (Mumbai)|naval dockyard]] with the death of 18 crew members.<ref>{{cite news|title=Submarine INS Sindhurakshak sinks after major blast in Mumbai; all 18 feared dead|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130814/news-current-affairs/article/fire-blasts-submarine-mumbai|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=14 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817002745/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130814/news-current-affairs/article/fire-blasts-submarine-mumbai|archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Submarine Sindhurakshak sinks after blast, casualties feared|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/submarine-sindhurakshak-sinks-after-blast-casualties-feared/article5020065.ece|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref name=TOI2>{{cite web|title=Huge blow to Indian Navy as submarine explodes with 18 men|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Huge-blow-to-Indian-Navy-as-submarine-explodes-with-18-men/articleshow/21825083.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Construction==<br />
''Sindhurakshak'' was constructed at the [[Admiralty Shipyard]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. Construction of the submarine began in 1995. It was launched in June 1997 and delivered to [[India]] in December 1997.<ref name=it12a13>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak was refitted in Russia's Zvezdochka shipyard|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/ins-sindhurakshak-was-refitted-in-russia-zvezdochka-shipyard-173760-2013-08-13|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=India Today|date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref name=zn27j13>{{cite news|title=Russia hands over to India refitted submarine|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/russia-hands-over-to-india-refitted-submarine_825251.html|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=27 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Service history==<br />
===Kargil war (1999)===<br />
''Sindhurakshak'' was deployed very close to [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] during the [[Kargil War#Naval action|Kargil War]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=Torpedoes are coolest place to sleep on|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Torpedoes-are-coolest-place-to-sleep-on/articleshow/21871241.cms|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = INS Sindhurakshak tragedy: We revisit the late J Dey's 2009 report on the submarine|url = http://archive.mid-day.com/news/2013/aug/170813-ins-sindhurakshak-tragedy-we-revisit-the-late-j-deys-2009-report-on-the-submarine.htm|website = Mid Day|access-date = 2015-07-31|last = Dey|first = J|date = 17 August 2013|publication-place = Mumbai|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111194146/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2013/aug/170813-ins-sindhurakshak-tragedy-we-revisit-the-late-j-deys-2009-report-on-the-submarine.htm|archive-date = 11 November 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===President Kalam (2006)===<br />
[[File:President on-board INS Sindhurakshak.jpg|thumbnail|left|President APJ Abdul Kalam on-board ''Sindhurakshak'']]<br />
On 13 February 2006, during the submarine's deployment in [[Vishakhapatnam]] under the [[Eastern Naval Command]], the then [[President of India]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] became the first Indian head of state to sail in a submarine. He was given a demonstrative excursion, during which the submarine dived and sailed in the [[Bay of Bengal]] for a few hours. He was accompanied by the [[Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Arun Prakash]]. The submarine was commanded by [[Commander]] P S Bisht.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kalam's sortie in INS Sindhurakshak|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/14/stories/2006021420720100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301070440/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/14/stories/2006021420720100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2006|access-date=19 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 February 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=When an ecstatic Kalam rode the INS Sindhurakshak|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/abdul-kalam-ins-sindhurakshak-indian-navyvizag-former-president-370415-2013-08-15|access-date=19 August 2013|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Accident (2010)===<br />
A fire broke out aboard ''Sindhurakshak'' while the vessel was in [[Visakhapatnam]] in February 2010. One sailor was killed and two others were injured. Navy officials reported that the fire had been caused by an explosion in the submarine's battery compartment, which occurred due to a faulty battery valve that leaked hydrogen gas.<ref name=it14a13>{{cite news|title=Explosion on Indian Navy submarine INS Sindhurakshak possibly due to gas buildup|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/indian-navy-submarine-ins-sindhurakshak-fire-explosion-gas-buildup-173752-2013-08-13|access-date=14 August 2013|date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fire mishap on INS Sindhurakshak due to explosion in battery: Navy |work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/Fire-mishap-on-INS-Sindhurakshak-due-to-explosion-in-battery-Navy/Article1-513475.aspx |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=14 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817013123/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/Fire-mishap-on-INS-Sindhurakshak-due-to-explosion-in-battery-Navy/Article1-513475.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Upgrades===<br />
After the fire damage in 2010, ''Sindhurakshak'' was transported to Russia on board a heavy lift ship from [[Visakhapatnam]] in June 2010 for refit, overhaul and upgrade which lasted two and a half years.<ref name=isnov13>{{cite web|author=Commodore (Retd) Ranjit B Rai|title=The Indian Navy's Submarine Arm is Dependable|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3022_The_Indian_Navys_Submarine_Arm_is_Dependable.htm|publisher=India Strategic|access-date=23 November 2013|archive-date=16 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016021556/http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3022_The_Indian_Navys_Submarine_Arm_is_Dependable.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2010, ''Sindhurakshak'' arrived at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Russia. The submarine was modernised, repaired and retrofitted under Project 08773, and after the upgrade, the sea trials started in October 2012. The upgrades included improved [[electronic warfare]] systems, an integrated weapon control system and a new cooling system, and were expected to extend the service life of the submarine by ten years.<ref name=it14a13/><ref name="nyt14j">{{cite news|title=Explosion Partly Sinks Indian Naval Submarine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/14/world/asia/explosion-partly-sinks-indian-naval-submarine.html?_r=0|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> The [[3M-54 Klub#Klub-S.5B3.5D|Club-S]] (3M54E1 anti-ship and 3M14E land attack) missiles, [[USHUS (sonar)|USHUS]] sonar, СCS-MK-2 radio communication systems and Porpoise radio-locating radar, and other safety-enhancing features were incorporated.<ref name=it12a13/> The submarine was handed back to the Indian Navy on 27 January 2013,<ref name=zn27j13/> after which it sailed back to India, under Commander Rajesh Ramkumar. This was the first time an Indian submarine had navigated under ice.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sindhurakshak Set|url=http://rusembassy.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4739%3Asindhurakshak-set&catid=16%3Apress-on-bilateral-relations&lang=en|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=Russian Embassy, India|date=27 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Zvezdochka Ship Repair Delivers Upgraded Submarine Sindhurakshak to Indian Navy|url=http://navaltoday.com/2013/02/01/zvezdochka-ship-repair-delivers-upgraded-submarine-sindhurakshak-to-indian-navy/|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=Naval Today|date=1 February 2013}}</ref><br />
[[File:INS Sindhurakshak (S63)-8edited.jpg|thumbnail|right|''Sindhurakshak'' at [[Portsmouth]], UK, where it was berthed on its way to India after the mid-life overhaul]]<br />
<br />
===Incident in the Mediterranean===<br />
In March 2013, while returning from the refit, ''Sindhurakshak'' encountered severe storms in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] when it was travelling near [[Alexandria]]. This was part of the submarine's extensive three-month-long deployment, where it traveled 10,000 miles.<ref name="nyt14j"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Russian-Built Submarine Catches Fire in Mumbai, Sailors Feared Dead|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russian-built-submarine-catches-fire-in-mumbai-sailors-feared-dead/484561.html|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=The Moscow Times|date=15 August 2013}}</ref> The severity of the storms prevented the Alexandria port authorities from sending a [[tugboat]], and the shallow waters prevented the submarine from diving. An emergency call was placed via the Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] to the [[Egyptian Navy]], which sent its latest tugboats and towed the submarine to [[Port Said]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian Navy rescued Sindhurakshak in April|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/egyptian-navy-rescued-sindhurakshak-in-april/1155709/|access-date=15 August 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=15 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian submarine INS Sindhurakshak in distress gets Egyptian help|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-27/news/39557430_1_submarine-sindhurakshak-russian-kilo-class|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715004235/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-27/news/39557430_1_submarine-sindhurakshak-russian-kilo-class|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2013|access-date=15 August 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=27 May 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Explosion and sinking (2013)===<br />
On 14 August 2013, the ''Sindhurakshak'' sank after explosions caused by a fire on board when the submarine was berthed at [[Mumbai]]. The fire, followed by a series of ordnance blasts on the armed submarine, occurred shortly after midnight. Though the fire was put out within two hours, due to damage from the explosions, the submarine sank and was partially submerged in 15 metres deep water at its [[Berth (moorings)|berth]], with only a portion of the sail visible above the water surface.<ref name="bs0991">{{cite news|title=International help to salvage sunken submarine|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/international-help-to-salvage-sunken-submarine-113081900991_1.html|access-date=20 August 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=20 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/ins-sindhurakshak-submarine-submerges-after-explosion/3209-1.html |title=PHOTOS: INS Sindhurakshak submarine submerges after explosion Photo Gallery, Picture News Gallery |work=The Indian Express|access-date=2013-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818082158/http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/ins-sindhurakshak-submarine-submerges-after-explosion/3209-1.html |archive-date=18 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="dnaiss">{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak fire set off torpedoes causing minor damage to INS Sindhuratna; fate of 18 sailors on board, Initial immediate Salvage was conducted by Grafftech Marine & Engineering Pvt Ltd, a registered marine firm with the Indian Navy for providing diving & dredging services, the Salvage operation was headed as an joint military operations by Capt. Varun Singh MARCOS OIC CCDT & Dypt CEO (Salvage Expert) - Harish Naidu under the continued monitoring of INS VAJRABAHU IMMEDIATE BASE-HQ for ekm submarines, HQWNC, CCDT (Command clearance diving team) HQ-WNC (Headquarters Western Naval Command), initial cadaver were salvaged in multiple parts.|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1874239/report-ins-sindhurakshak-fire-set-off-torpedoes-causing-minor-damage-to-ins-sindhuratna-fate-of-18-sailors-on-board-uncertain|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> Three sailors on board reportedly jumped off to safety. Navy divers were also brought in as there was a possibility that 18 personnel were trapped inside and Defence Minister [[A. K. Antony]] confirmed that there were fatalities.<ref name="ITV">{{cite web|title=India's defence minister confirms deaths on submarine|url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2013-08-14/indias-defence-minister-confirms-deaths-on-submarine/|publisher=ITV|access-date=14 August 2013}}</ref> Other sources stated that a small explosion occurred around midnight which then triggered the two larger explosions.<ref name="nyt14j"/><br />
<br />
Due to the explosion, the front section of the submarine was twisted, bent and crumpled, and water had entered the forward compartment. Another submarine, {{INS|Sindhughosh|S55|6}} was berthed very close to ''Sindhurakshak'' in the congested Mumbai naval dockyard; and sustained minor fire damage, though the navy did not release details of the extent of damage.<ref name=bs0991/><ref>{{cite news|title=Divers reach front cabin |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130819/jsp/nation/story_17246221.jsp#.UhM8HZIwemo|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130820101451/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130819/jsp/nation/story_17246221.jsp%23.UhM8HZIwemo|url-status= dead|archive-date= 20 August 2013|access-date=20 August 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=19 August 2013}}</ref> ''Sindhurakshak'''s [[double hull]] was credited with preventing further damage to surrounding vessels.<ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak tragedy: Submarine's twin hulls contained fire, reduced losses|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ins-sindhurakshak-tragedy-submarines-twin-hulls-contained-fire-reduced-losses/1155858/0|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref name=dnaiss/><ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak: A ''Sindhughosh''-class submarine with latest weapons|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ins-sindhurakshak-a-sindhughosh-class-submarine-with-latest-weapons/414168-3-237.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817150918/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ins-sindhurakshak-a-sindhughosh-class-submarine-with-latest-weapons/414168-3-237.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 August 2013|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> Official sources at the time said it was "highly unlikely" the submarine could be returned to service. The navy planned to begin salvage operations after the rescue operation was completed.<ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindurakshak: Indian Navy mulls over roping in Singapore firm for salvage|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1875060/report-ins-sindurakshak-indian-navy-mulls-over-roping-in-singapore-firm-for-salvage|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak: Indian navy's submarine woes|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23691558|access-date=14 August 2013|publisher=BBC News|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> By 19 August, seven bodies had been recovered, with 11 still missing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seventh body recovered from INS Sindhurakshak|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/seventh-body-recovered-from-ins-sindhurakshak/article5038510.ece?homepage=true|access-date=23 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=INS Sindhurakshak: Sixth body recovered, divers continue search in zero visibility|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ins-sindhurakshak-sixth-body-recovered-divers-continue-search-in-zero-visibility/1156746/|access-date=23 August 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=18 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Navy divers recover 5 bodies from Indian submarine INS Sindhurakshak| date=17 August 2013 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/17/world/asia/india-submarine-disaster/index.html?eref=edition|publisher=CNN|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> On 31 August, six of the eleven recovered bodies had been identified and sent home for last rites with military honours.<ref>{{cite news|last=PTI|title=Sindhurakshak tragedy: Six bodies to be sent to hometowns|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/sindhurakshak-tragedy-six-bodies-to-be-sent-to-hometowns_873112.html|access-date=31 August 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=31 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Navy's preliminary report indicated that "an accident or inadvertent mishandling of ammunition" was the cause of the explosions; the full incident report would only be completed after the submarine was raised.<ref>{{cite news|title=Forget salvaging sunk sub INS Sindhurakshak, Navy yet to float tender|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1893477/report-forget-salvaging-sunk-sub-ins-sindhurakshak-navy-yet-to-float-tender|access-date=16 October 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=25 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Navy's probe into submarine INS Sindhurakshak tragedy nowhere near completion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navys-probe-into-submarine-INS-Sindhurakshak-tragedy-nowhere-near-completion/articleshow/22768774.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922083621/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-19/india/42217465_1_sindhurakshak-tragedy-ins-sindhurakshak-hdw|url-status=live|archive-date=22 September 2013|access-date=16 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=Nazakat-Dasgupta2014>{{cite news|last1=Nazakat|first1=Syed|last2=Dasgupta|first2=Anupam|title='Sub'dued|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?programId=1073754900&contentId=16287597|access-date=10 March 2014|newspaper=The Week|date=3 March 2014}}</ref> The salvage contract was awarded on 31 January 2014 to Resolve India, a subsidiary of the US-based Resolve Marine Group.<ref name=Narayan2014>{{cite news|last=Narayan|first=V|title=Indian arm of US company wins Sindhurakshak salvage bid|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-arm-of-US-company-wins-Sindhurakshak-salvage-bid/articleshow/30312587.cms|access-date=10 March 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=13 February 2014}}</ref> The submarine was brought to the surface on 6 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/us-firm-salvages-ins-sindhurakshak-out-of-water-1559715.html|title=US firm salvages INS Sindhurakshak out of water|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=6 June 2014}}</ref> In December 2014, a naval court of inquiry arrived at the preliminary conclusion that human error as a result of crew fatigue caused the disaster. A senior officer stated that "the crew was working beyond their prescribed hours. Fatigue and exhaustion may have triggered human error that led to the accident. Standard operating procedures were violated at several levels".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/tired-crew-may-have-caused-mishap-on-ins-sindhurakshak/article1-1294592.aspx|title=Tired crew may have caused mishap on INS Sindhurakshak|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222102939/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/tired-crew-may-have-caused-mishap-on-ins-sindhurakshak/article1-1294592.aspx|archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> A 2017 report by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] quoted the Navy's Board of Inquiry stating that "Submarine authorities concerned didn’t properly assess the crew fatigue, besides, the submarine was holding ammunition nearing life expiry".<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Navy likely to appoint inspector general to ensure safety of warships |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-likely-to-appoint-inspector-general-to-ensure-safety-of-warships/story-U0YGHp3eZ6BHCdKEd9Sp4H.html |access-date=20 July 2018 |work=Hindustan Times|date=20 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Initially, the navy was hopeful of using ''Sindhurakshak'' after it was salvaged, but on [[Navy Day#Navy Day in India|Navy Day]] 2015, Vice Admiral [[Surinder Pal Singh Cheema|Cheema]] confirmed the Sindhurakshak would be disposed of.<ref name="Mumbai2015">{{cite news|last1=Mumbai|title=Submarine Sindhurakshak to be disposed of soon: Vice Admiral|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/submarine-sindhurakshak-to-be-disposed-of-soon-vice-admiral/|access-date=9 March 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=4 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=htd3>{{cite news|title=Indian Navy hopeful of using submarine that sank|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-hopeful-of-using-submarine-that-sank/article1-1158679.aspx?hts0021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204213715/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-hopeful-of-using-submarine-that-sank/article1-1158679.aspx?hts0021|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2013|access-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=3 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=hin3d>{{cite news|title=Possible reuse of Sindhurakshak being explored|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/possible-reuse-of-sindhurakshak-being-explored/article5418750.ece|access-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 December 2013}}</ref> After a period of use for the training of marine commandos, the submarine was sunk in 3000 metres of water in the Arabian Sea in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Rahul|title=Defunct submarine Sindhurakshak finally disposed of|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/defunct-submarine-sindhurakshak-finally-disposed-of/story-bl7tSFcovB2uW1UzxIlqxK.html|access-date=11 September 2017|work=Hindustan Times|date=10 July 2017|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajput|first1=Rashmi|title=Navy sinks 'graveyard' INS Sindhurakshak|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-sinks-graveyard-ins-sindhurakshak-4828999/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904233356/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-sinks-graveyard-ins-sindhurakshak-4828999/|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2017|access-date=11 September 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=5 September 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of submarine incidents since 2000]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*[http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/414142/watch-footage-of-the-explosions-fire-on-submarine-ins-sindhurakshak.html Footage of the 2013 explosions on Sindhurakshak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817151045/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/414142/watch-footage-of-the-explosions-fire-on-submarine-ins-sindhurakshak.html |date=17 August 2013 }}<br />
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23691558 INS Sindhurakshak: Indian navy's submarine woes]<br />
<br />
===Images===<br />
*[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8-03QGqAdg0/Ugub-HckfMI/AAAAAAAAUzI/5V800GqOVkE/s1600/DPR_8298-734562.JPG INS Sindhurakshak sunk at berth]<br />
*[http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sn5U7fwWGf4/Ugub_f15yiI/AAAAAAAAUzU/SbD9O0AAwhE/s1600/DPR_8325-739118.JPG Rescue operation being carried out]<br />
*[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MIJB31zIs94/UgucAOMkg2I/AAAAAAAAUzg/pCrAizcPdiU/s1600/DPR_8365-743534.JPG Defence minister A K Antony (second from left) with Chief of Naval Staff D K Doshi (in uniform)]<br />
<br />
{{Kilo class submarine |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{2013 shipwrecks}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sindhurakshak (S63)}}<br />
[[Category:Attack submarines]]<br />
[[Category:1997 ships]]<br />
[[Category:Ships built at Admiralty Shipyard]]<br />
[[Category:Ships sunk by non-combat internal explosions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindhughosh-class submarines]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2010]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2013]]<br />
[[Category:2013 disasters in India]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in India]]<br />
[[Category:Lost submarines of India]]<br />
[[Category:2013 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Explosions in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]<br />
[[Category:August 2013 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian submarine accidents]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chor_Gumbad&diff=494440
Chor Gumbad
2026-03-05T19:33:40Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created Details...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox building<br />
| image = Massive Chor Gumbaz.jpg<br />
| location = [[Kalaburagi]]<br />
| years_built = 15th century<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chor Gumbad, Gulbarga ''' is a domed building in Gumbad, [[Kalaburagi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/22688.pdf |title=Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness The Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Baptist Mission Press |year=1917 |location=Calcutta |pages=3–4}}</ref> It is listed as a [[State Protected Monuments of India|state protected monument]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protected Monuments in Karnataka |url=https://asi.nic.in/protected-monuments-in-karnataka/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The ''Chor Gumbad'' (lit. Dome of thieves), as it is colloquially known, might have been named as it came to have been occupied by thieves.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Another name for the building is the ''Shor Gumbad'' (lit. Dome of noise), also spelt ''Shor Gumbaz''. This is ascribed to the supposed use of the building as a [[watchtower]]. As the soldiers deployed on the [[Turret (architecture)|turrets]] would sound an alarm upon spotting any enemy army approaching, which could be heard from a distance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Rehaman |title=Shor Gumbaz that inspired Gol Gumbaz |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/shor-gumbaz-that-inspired-gol-gumbaz-999133.html |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The building dates back to the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]] period. There are no graves within the building, and it may have been built as a commemorative monument by [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Ahmad Shah]] to mark his victory over [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firuz Shah]] and ascension to the throne in 1422.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Philon |first=Helen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfjtoQEACAAJ |title=Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur |date=2014 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8495-601-6 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
It is situated on a hillock, to the west of [[Gulbarga Fort]]. The square-shaped building is surmounted by a massive dome. This dome rises to a height of 100 feet. At four corners of the roof are turrets which are crowned by kiosks. A five feet tall [[parapet]] rises above the structure. The walls have arches carved into them, with each wall having ten arches arranged in two stories. There is only one entrance, at the Eastern end.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Internally, the tomb measures 74' by 66'. A corridor beneath the dome has arched windows covered by [[jali]] screens. This was probably provided to allow elite women of the ''[[zenana]]'' to observe events while maintaining their privacy as required by ''[[purdah]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haidar |first1=Navina Najat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWNHYID4WqAC&dq=chor+gumbad+gulbarga&pg=PA195 |title=Sultans of the South: Arts of India's Deccan Courts, 1323-1687 |last2=Sardar |first2=Marika |date=2011 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-438-5 |pages=195 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153598/page/n255/mode/2up |title=History of Medieval Deccan |date=1974 |editor-last=Sherwani |editor-first=H. K. |editor-link=Haroon Khan Sherwani |pages=245 |editor-last2=Joshi |editor-first2=P. M.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Bahmani Sultanate}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|17.34833|76.81120|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bahmani architecture]]<br />
[[Category:State Protected Monuments in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 15th century]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Rafi_(footballer)&diff=468137
Mohammed Rafi (footballer)
2026-03-05T18:28:47Z
<p>Maryslanker: small changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian footballer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Mohammed Rafi<br />
| image = Mohammed Rafi 22.jpg<br />
| image_size = 230px<br />
| caption = Rafi in 2011<br />
| fullname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1982|5|24}}<br />
| birth_place = Trikaripur, [[Kasaragod]], Kerala, India<br />
| height = {{height|m=1.78}}<br />
| currentclub =<br />
| clubnumber = <br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br />
| years1 = 2004–2005<br />
| clubs1 = [[State Bank of Travancore (football club)|SBT]]<br />
| caps1 = 20<br />
| goals1 = 12<br />
| years2 = 2006–2010<br />
| clubs2 = [[Mahindra United]]<br />
| caps2 = 130<br />
| goals2 = 107<br />
| years3 = 2010–2012<br />
| clubs3 = [[Churchill Brothers]]<br />
| caps3 = 48<br />
| goals3 = 26<br />
| years4 = 2013<br />
| clubs4 = [[Mumbai Tigers F.C.|Mumbai Tigers]]<br />
| caps4 = 20<br />
| goals4 = 3<br />
| years5 = 2013–2015<br />
| clubs5 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
| caps5 = 40<br />
| goals5 = 22<br />
| years6 = 2014<br />
| clubs6 = → [[Atletico de Kolkata]] (loan)<br />
| caps6 = 10<br />
| goals6 = 0<br />
| years7 = 2015–2016<br />
| clubs7 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br />
| caps7 = 22<br />
| goals7 = 6<br />
| years8 = 2017–2019<br />
| clubs8 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br />
| caps8 = 32<br />
| goals8 = 2<br />
| years9 = 2019–2020<br />
| clubs9 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br />
| caps9 = 17<br />
| goals9 = 4<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2009–2011<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 27<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 11<br />
| club-update = <br />
| nationalteam-update = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mohammed Rafi''' (born 24 May 1982) is an Indian former professional [[football (soccer)|footballer]] who played as a [[striker (association football)|striker]].<br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
Mohammed Rafi came through the ranks of [[State Bank of Travancore (football club)|SBT]] which had distinction of fielding not only all-Indian but also all-Malayali squad. SBT was promoted to first division of National Football League in 2004 and in that season he scored 4 goals and came into limelight. Unfortunately, SBT got relegated but he was roped in by [[Mahindra United]] for the next season.<br />
<br />
In 09-10 I-league, he finished the season with record 14 goals, which is best ever for an Indian striker, he was also adjudged Mahindra United's player of the year.<ref name="footballkerala">{{cite web|url=http://footballkerala.com/2010/05/28/rafi-is-mahindra-uniteds-player-of-the-season/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408174336/http://footballkerala.com/2010/05/28/rafi-is-mahindra-uniteds-player-of-the-season/|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2011|title=I League: Rafi is Mahindra United's Player Of The Season - Kerala football news|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rafi's example was followed by his younger brothers Mohammad Shafi, who played for [[Viva Kerala FC]] and Mohammad Razi, with KSEB.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/others/rafi-makes-soccer-pay-262 |title=Rafi makes soccer pay |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010151130/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/others/rafi-makes-soccer-pay-262 |archive-date=2012-10-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Mumbai===<br />
On 24 November 2013 it was announced that Rafi has signed for Mumbai on loan from IMG Reliance with three other players [[Khelemba Singh]], [[Pappachen Pradeep|N.P. Pradeep]] and Peter Costa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai FC sign four IMG-Reliance contracted players on loan|url=http://arunfoot.blogspot.in/2013/11/mumbai-fc-sign-four-img-reliance.html?m=1|access-date=26 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203155939/http://arunfoot.blogspot.in/2013/11/mumbai-fc-sign-four-img-reliance.html?m=1|archive-date=3 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
He made his debut on 2 December 2013 against [[East Bengal F.C.]] at the [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|Balewadi Sports Complex]] in which he played the whole match as Mumbai won the match 3-2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai vs. East Bengal 3-2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/02/india/i-league/mumbai-fc/east-bengal-club-fc/1585358/|work=Soccerway|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===DSK Shivajians===<br />
After having a good season with [[Kerala Blasters]] in the [[2015 Indian Super League]] season, Rafi joined [[DSK Shivajians]], which gained a place in the league through bidding a direct entry slot, for the [[2015–16 I-League]] season.<br />
<br />
===Indian Super League===<br />
In the inaugural season of Indian Super League (ISL), Rafi played for [[Atletico de Kolkata]], the team owned by Sourav Ganguly and Atletico de Madrid.<ref name="indiansuperleague">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/atletico-de-kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920211647/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/atletico-de-kolkata|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2014|title=ISL - Indian Super League - Atlético de Kolkata|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rafi was signed by [[Kerala Blasters FC]] for the second ISL season. He scored on his debut, the second goal of the match against North East United, and also set up [[Sanchez Watt]]'s goal.<ref name="indiansuperleague2">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/kerala-blasters-fc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920232657/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/kerala-blasters-fc|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2014|title=ISL - Indian Super League - Kerala Blasters FC|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
He won ISL Emerging Player of the Match award against [[NorthEast United FC]] in the [[2015 Indian Super League]].<br />
<br />
He was again signed by Kerala Blasters FC for the third ISL season. Mohammed Rafi became the third Indian to score a goal in the ISL final 2016, following Mohammed Rafique for Atletico de Kolkata in 2014, and Thongkhosiem Haokip for FC Goa in 2015.<br />
<br />
In ISL 2017, Rafi played for Chennaiyin FC (ISL 2015 champions). He scored a goal in his first match against NorthEast United on 23 November 2017. In the 2018-19 season, he played 8 games for Chennaiyin without scoring a league goal. However, in the 6 games he played in the AFC Cup, he scored 3 goals.<br />
<br />
In the 2019-20 season, he rejoined Kerala Blasters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mohammed-rafi-returns-to-kerala-blasters/articleshow/70879854.cms|title=Mohammed Rafi returns to Kerala Blasters|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 August 2019 |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 4 October 2020, the club officially announced the departure of the veteran from the club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CF6sRfEJtRt/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CF6sRfEJtRt |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=limited|title=Kerala Blasters FC Official Instagram Account|access-date=16 October 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
Rafi also represented [[India national football team|India]] a number of times and scored a goal against [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]]. HIs was the only goal as India lost that match 1–9.<ref name="india">{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/sports/indian-football-team-suffer-humiliating-1-9-defeat-to-kuwait_668128.html|publisher=zeenews.india.com|title=Indian football team suffer humiliating 1–9 defeat to Kuwait – Zee News|access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
===International goals===<br />
<!---DO NOT DELETE REPEAT ENTRIES!!! REPEAT ENTRIES REPRESENT SCORING MULTIPLE GOALS IN A GAME!!!---><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || 14 November 2010 || Al-Wahda Stadium, [[Abu Dhabi]], U.A.E || {{fb|KUW}}|| '''1'''–7 || 1–9 || Friendly<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
===Club===<br />
'''Atlético de Kolkata'''<br />
*[[Indian Super League]] winner: [[2014 Indian Super League|2014]]<br />
'''Kerala Blasters'''<br />
*[[Indian Super League]] runner-up: [[2016 Indian Super League|2016]]<br />
'''Chennaiyin FC'''<br />
* [[Indian Super League]] winner: [[2017–18 Indian Super League|2017–18]]<br />
<br />
===Individual===<br />
* [[2009–10 I-League]] Player of The Year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=1963 |title=The AIFF |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004032918/http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=1963 |archive-date=4 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{NFT}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140501113404/http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/25386/mohammed-rafi Mohammed Rafi] at Goal.com<br />
* {{Soccerway|mohammed-rafi/72212}}<br />
*[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-10644-mohammed-rafi-madambillath-profile Indian Super League profile]<br />
{{India Squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafi, Mohammed}}<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:Malabar Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Churchill Brothers FC players]]<br />
[[Category:2011 AFC Asian Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:I-League players]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Tigers FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br />
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:ATK (football club) players]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalidasa_Kannada_Meshtru&diff=507668
Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru
2026-03-03T21:26:28Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created Initial Biography And Citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru<br />
| image =<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
| director = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]<br />
| writer =<br />
| producer = Uday Kumar<br />
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Jaggesh]]|[[Meghana Gaonkar]]}}<br />
| cinematography = Suresh Gundlupet<br />
| editing = K. M. Prakash<br />
| music = [[Gurukiran]]<br />
| studio = Uday Films<br />
| distributor =<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|11|22}}<br />
| runtime =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru''''' ({{Translation|Kalidasa Kannada teacher}}) is a 2019 Indian Kannada-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]] and starring [[Jaggesh]] and [[Meghana Gaonkar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bhavanaa-rao-shares-her-thoughts-on-kalidaasa-kannada-meshtru/articleshow/72288239.cms|title=Bhavanaa Rao shares her thoughts on Kalidaasa Kannada Meshtru - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/audiences-are-now-reflecting-on-their-parenting-kaviraj/articleshow/72275527.cms|title=Audiences are now reflecting on their parenting: Kaviraj - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/reminisce-about-your-school-days-with-kalidaasa-kannada-meshtru-kaviraj/articleshow/72164420.cms|title=Reminisce about your school days with Kalidaasa Kannada Meshtru: Kaviraj - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kalidaasa-kannada-meshtru-teaser-treats-fans-to-an-entertaining-jaggesh/articleshow/71218146.cms|title='Kalidaasa Kannada Meshtru' teaser treats fans to an entertaining Jaggesh - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Kalidasa, a government school teacher, is a hard worker who is ridiculed for his poor English skills. On the personal front, his upper-class wife is unhappy with his social status. When the school faces the threat of being shut down, Kalidasa takes it on himself to fight the education system.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Jaggesh]] as Kalidasa<br />
* [[Meghana Gaonkar]] as Suma, Kalidasa's wife<br />
* [[T. S. Nagabharana]]<br />
* [[Tabla Nani]]<br />
* [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]<br />
* Raghu Ramankoppa<br />
<br />
;Cameo appearances in promotional song<ref name=two>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kalidasa-kannada-meshtru-features-19-actresses-in-one-song/articleshow/72072343.cms|title='Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru' features 19 actresses in one song - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=one>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-kaviraj-ropes-in-21-actresses-for-kalidasa-kannada-meshtru/articleshow/71735679.cms|title=Director Kaviraj ropes in 21 actresses for 'Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/oct/23/kaviraj-brings-together-21-kannada-heroines-for-kalidasa--2051631.html|title=Kaviraj brings together 21 Kannada heroines for Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
* [[Rachita Ram]]<br />
* [[Haripriya]]<br />
* [[Amulya]]<br />
* [[Shubha Poonja]]<br />
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]]<br />
* [[Sonu Gowda]]<br />
* Divya Uruduga<br />
* [[Samyukta Hornad]]<br />
* [[Harshika Poonacha]]<br />
* [[Nishvika Naidu]]<br />
* [[Sindhu Lokanath]]<br />
* [[Krishi Thapanda]]<br />
* Vaibhavi Jai Jagadish<br />
* Vainidhi Jai Jagadish<br />
* Vaisiri Jai Jagdish<br />
* [[Anupama Gowda]]<br />
* [[Karunya Ram]]<br />
* Roopika<br />
* [[Disha Poovaiah]]<br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
Kaviraj initially wanted to make a thriller with Jaggesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/education-is-a-part-of-life-not-your-entire-life/articleshow/72164084.cms|title='Education is a part of life, not your entire life' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Kaviraj was inspired to make this film after reading a newspaper article about a student writing his death note in an exam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-newspaper-article-inspired-me-to-write-kalidaasa-kannada-meshtru-kaviraj/articleshow/72094056.cms|title=A newspaper article inspired me to write Kalidaasa Kannada Meshtru: Kaviraj - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Jaggesh's character is similar to the ones in his 1990s films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/nov/20/kalidasa-kannada-mestru-viewers-will-get-to-watch-jaggesh-of-the-1990s-15622.html|title='Viewers will get to watch Jaggesh of the 1990s in Kalidasa Kannada Mestru'|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Themes and influences==<br />
Jaggesh's and Meghana Gaonkar's characters are representations of [[Kali]] and [[Dasa]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-got-chided-for-speaking-kannada-and-not-english-says-meghana-gaonkar/articleshow/72070775.cms|title=I got chided for speaking Kannada, and not English, says Meghana Gaonkar - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The film was scheduled to release on 15 November,<ref name=one/> but it released on 22 November.<ref name=two/><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "''Kalidasa Kannada Mestru'' ends with a thought -- educate children, but do not punish them. It is a well-timed film and will come in handy for parents preparing their children for exams. This is a topic that needs attention from the entire family".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/nov/23/kalidasa-kannada-mestru-review-a-wake-up-call-about-indias-education-system-2065871.html|title='Kalidasa Kannada Mestru' review: A wake-up call about India's education system|website=The New Indian Express|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The film has its intent in place and does have a fair share of comedy and drama that ensure the audience is entertained."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kalidaasa-kannada-meshtru/movie-review/72178974.cms|title=Kalidaasa Kannada Meshtru Movie Review: Is 'solid' education or life skills more important?|work=The Times of India|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S. of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' stated that "Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru is at the higher end of entertainment."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kalidasa-kannada-meshtru-movie-review-this-kannada-film-is-at-the-higher-end-of-entertainment-and-lower-end-of-a-serious-debate/articleshow/72187376.cms|title=Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru movie review: This Kannada film is at the higher end of entertainment and lower end of a serious debate|website=Bangalore Mirror|first=Shyam|last=Prasad S.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
The film premiered on television on 4 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kalidasa-kannada-meshtru-world-television-premiere-tonight/articleshow/74979787.cms|title=Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru world television premiere, tonight|newspaper=The Times of India|date=4 April 2020|accessdate=30 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2019 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2019 comedy films]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ente_Ponnu_Thampuran&diff=452320
Ente Ponnu Thampuran
2026-03-03T21:25:48Z
<p>Maryslanker: General improvements to article content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Ente Ponnuthampuran<br />
| image =<br />
| caption =<br />
| director = [[A. T. Abu]]<br />
| producer = Mathews Peter Bathery<br />P. J. Joseph Bathery<br />Mahamood Koorara<br />
| story = Prakash Koleri<br />
| writer = [[Yesudasan]]<br />
| starring = [[Suresh Gopi]]<br />[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]<br />
| music = [[G. Devarajan]] (songs)<br />[[Mohan Sithara]] ([[Film score|score]])<br />
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]<br />C. E. Babu<br />
| editing = G. Murali<br />
| studio = Kabani Arts<br />
| distributor = Chandragiri Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|1992|03|20}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ente Ponnuthampuran''''' is a 1992 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[A. T. Abu]]. [[Yesudasan]] wrote the screenplay<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Veteran cartoonist Yesudasan dies at 83 |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/10/06/kerala-cartoonist-yesudasan-no-more.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|OnManorama]]}}</ref> for the story by Prakash Koleri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=Malayalam filmmaker Prakash Koleri found dead at his home in Wayanad |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/malayalam-filmmaker-prakash-koleri-found-dead-at-his-home-in-wayanad-9160659/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> It stars [[Suresh Gopi]] and [[Urvashi]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Should I address you as MoS Suresh Gopi or Suresh, actor’s quirky reply to Urvashi |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1567308&u=should-i-address-you-as-mos-suresh-gopi-or-suresh-actor%E2%80%99s-quirky-reply-to-urvashi |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2584|title=Ente Ponnu Thampuran|accessdate=2014-10-30|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
When Kavitha is forced by her father to marry an IAS officer, she seeks helps from her tutor. On the day of the wedding, Kavitha runs away from the mandap as she is not interested in marrying the groom, Prabhulla Kumar, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer that has been arranged for her. The bride's father suffers a heart attack upon learning that his daughter ran away from the mandap. Upon investigation, the groom is revealed to be a fraudster who has married different women in various districts of Kerala posing as multiple professions such as doctor and chartered account. Meanwhile, a woman is crying at the hospital because she doesn't have money to buy medicines and arrange for a heart surgery for her daughter. Here enters Vinod, who is this woman's son with cash for his sister's treatment and surgery. The sister and the bride's father are admitted to the same hospital. It turns out that Vinod's family and Kavitha's family used to be neighbours in their childhood days and they were childhood friends. Upon the death of Kavitha's mother, Kavitha and her father had to move away to their native place. Vinod meets Kavitha's father at the hospital and during their conversation, it comes out that Kavitha was abducted on the day of the wedding. Vinod reflects back to the day. It was on his bike that Kavitha fled, but unknowingly. Further, it is revealed that Prabhulla Kumar was the one who paid Vinod to abduct Kavitha. A fight ensues between Vinod and Prabhulla Kumar as Vinod tries to save Kavitha from Prabhulla Kumar. Prabhulla Kumar confesses that he had feelings for Kavitha which is why he wanted to stop the wedding and hence arranged for her kidnapping. In the fight, Vinod gets stabbed, but survives and they both unite.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as Thamburan/ Vinod<br />
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]] as Kavitha Bharathan Pilla<br />
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Prabhulla Kumar<br />
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Varkki Pathrose Thunjanparambil<br />
* [[Rajan P Dev]] as S.I. Idikulla<br />
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Pattar<br />
* [[Mala Aravindan]] as Ravunni<br />
* [[Mamukkoya]] as Mammotty Master<br />
* [[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Bharathan Pilla<br />
* [[Philomina]] as Meerabhayi<br />
* [[Riza Bava]] as Sreekumar<br />
* [[N. L. Balakrishnan]] as Fayalwan Vikneswaran Pilla<br />
* [[A. C. Zainuddin]] as Korahachen<br />
* [[Thesni Khan]]<br />
* [[Lalithasree]]<br />
* [[Zainuddin (actor)|Zainuddin]] as Principal Kunjikora M A<br />
* Trichur Elsi<br />
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Constable<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album|<br />
| name = Ente Ponnuthampuran<br />
| type = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| artist = [[G. Devarajan]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = March 1991<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=Ente Ponnuthampuran & Georgekutty Cassette Cover |url=https://archive.org/details/ente-ponnuthampuran-cassette |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue =<br />
| studio = [[Tharangini Records|Tharangini]], [[Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]]<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]<br />
| length =<br />
| label = Tharangini<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title = [[Yamanam]]<br />
| prev_year = 1991<br />
| next_title = Aakaashathinu Keezhe<br />
| next_year = 1992<br />
}}<br />
All songs were composed by [[G. Devarajan]]. This is [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]'s debut film as lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ente Ponnu Thampuran |url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3207 |access-date=2014-10-30 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |archive-date=30 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030192244/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3207 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! No. !! Title !! Lyricist || Singer(s) !! [[Raga]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Subhage" || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Kambhoji]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Surabhilaswapnangal" || [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]] ||K. J. Yesudas ||<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Maagha Maasam" || Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma || K. J. Yesudas, Lekha R. Nair || [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Gaandharvathinu" || Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma ||K. J. Yesudas ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|0353412}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1992 films]]<br />
[[Category:1992 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by A. T. Abu]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Mohan Sithara]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanaprastham&diff=459504
Vanaprastham
2026-03-03T21:18:59Z
<p>Maryslanker: typo fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1999 Indo-French drama film by Shaji N. Karun}}<br />
{{For|the third ashrama in the Vedic ashrama system|Vanaprastha}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Vanaprastham<br />
| image = Vanaprastham.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = [[Shaji N. Karun]]<br />
| screenplay = Shaji N. Karun<br />[[Raghunath Paleri]]<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = {{Ubl |Raghunath Paleri}}<br />
}}<br />
| story = [[Pierre Assouline]]<br />
| producer = Pierre Assouline<br />[[Mohanlal]] {{Small|(co-producer)}}<br />
| starring = Mohanlal<br />[[Suhasini Maniratnam]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Renato Berta]]<br />[[Santosh Sivan]]<br />
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]<br />Joseph Guinvarch<br />
| music = [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]]<br />
| studio = Euro American Films<br />[[Pranavam Arts]]<br />CLT-UFA International<br />{{Small|(in association with)}}<br />
| distributor = [[SND Films]] {{Small|([[France]])}}<br />Pranavam Arts {{Small|([[Kerala]])}}<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1999|5|21|[[1999 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|1999|12|25|India}}<br />
| runtime = 119 minutes<br />
| country = [[France]]<br />[[India]]<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = {{INRConvert|3.8|c}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=M. G. |date=2013-03-05 |title=Shaji Karun's latest film uses Kathakali as backdrop to tell tormented dancer's tale |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19980119-shaji-karuns-latest-film-uses-kathakali-as-backdrop-to-tell-tormented-dancers-tale-825434-1998-01-19 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821005047/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19980119-shaji-karuns-latest-film-uses-kathakali-as-backdrop-to-tell-tormented-dancers-tale-825434-1998-01-18 |archive-date=2023-08-21 |access-date=2025-07-08 |work=[[India Today]] |publication-date=19 January 1998}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Vanaprastham: The Last Dance''''' ({{langx|fr|'''Vanaprastham: La Dernière Danse'''}}) is a 1999 [[Malayalam]] [[psychological drama]] [[Historical drama|period]] film by [[Shaji N. Karun]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jul/31vaan.htm | title=Illusion vs reality | last=Panicker | first=Prem | access-date=2024-01-14 | website=www.rediff.com | archive-date=2 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502114746/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jul/31vaan.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> It was produced as an Indo-French collaboration by [[Pierre Assouline]], and co-produced by [[Mohanlal]]. The screenplay was written by Karun and [[Raghunath Paleri]] (who also wrote the dialogues) based on a story by Assouline. It features Mohanlal in the lead role, with [[Suhasini Maniratnam]], [[Mattannur Sankarankutty Marar]], [[Kalamandalam Gopi]], [[Venmani Haridas]], and [[Cuckoo Parameswaran]] in supporting roles. The film's music was composed by [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]].<br />
<br />
The film premiered at the [[1999 Cannes Film Festival]] on 21 May 1999, where it was selected in the ''[[Un Certain Regard]]'' section, and was theatrically released in France on 13 October 1999 and in India in January 2000. The film was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the [[American Film Institute]]'s 1999 [[AFI Fest]] (Los Angeles International Film Festival). It won the Special Prize of the Jury at the [[Istanbul International Film Festival]] and the [[FIPRESCI]] prize at the [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]. The film won three awards at the [[47th National Film Awards]] —[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]], [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Mohanlal), and [[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] ([[A. Sreekar Prasad]]), and six awards at the 1999 [[Kerala State Film Awards]], including [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Mohanlal). In 2014, ''Vanaprastham'' was screened retrospective at the [[45th International Film Festival of India]] in the ''Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema'' section.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{more plot|date=June 2020}}<br />
The story revolves around a male [[Kathakali]] artiste Kunjikuttan, an admirable and respected performer but a member of a lower caste. He struggles to come to terms with the rejection and estrangement of his father, a member of an upper caste who denies his paternity. Poor, unhappy, and stuck in an arranged marriage that provides no respite, he gets by for the sake of his daughter.<br />
<br />
One night, whilst performing as [[Putana]] from ''Poothanamoksham'' from the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' on stage, his performance is witnessed by Subhadra, an educated and married upper-caste woman, niece of the [[Dewan]] and an aspiring composer. Impressed by his performance she invites him to play [[Arjuna]] in her adaptation of [[Subhadraharanam]]. Defying norms of India's rigid caste system, the two have an affair which results in the birth of a son.<br />
<br />
It soon becomes clear that Subhadra loves the character Arjuna from his stage performances, and not Kunhikuttan the artiste. More in love with the valiant, noble hero of the ''Mahabharata'', than the lower-caste dancer Kunhikuttan, she rejects him and refuses to let him see their son.<br />
<br />
Denied access to his son, and rejected by his father, Kunhikuttan returns to the stage, leaving behind his hero roles to play demonic characters, reaching within the dark corners of his mind, becoming increasingly resentful and full of anger, until one last dance which brings the feature to a stunning end.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Mohanlal]] as Kunjikuttan<br />
*[[Suhasini Mani Ratnam]] as Subhadra<br />
*[[Mattannur Sankarankutty Marar]] as Raman<br />
*[[Cuckoo Parameswaran]] as Savithri<br />
*[[Venmani Haridas]] as Vasu Namboothiri<br />
*[[Kalamandalam Gopi]] as Kunju Nair<br />
*Venmani Vishnu as Pisharadi<br />
*[[Kalamandalam Kesavan]] as Thirumeni<br />
*[[Bindu Panicker]] as Bhageerathi<br />
*Sindhu Shyam<br />
*Dr.Sadanam Arun Babu as Child Kunji kuttan<br />
*Shadhiya Ameer as Kunjikuttan's Daughter<br />
<br />
==Release==<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20010617140921/http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/11/05/stories/09050224.htm --><br />
<br />
The film premiered at the [[1999 Cannes Film Festival]] on 21 May 1999, where it was selected in the ''[[Un Certain Regard]]'' section.<ref name="Cannes">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5384/year/1999.html|title=Festival de Cannes: Vanaprastham|access-date=10 October 2009|publisher=[[Festival-cannes.com]]|date=1999|archive-date=18 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318202759/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5384/year/1999.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, the film was screened retrospective during the [[45th International Film Festival of India]] in the ''Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema'' section.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iffi.nic.in/Indian%20Cinema%20Catalogue%202014.pdf|title=45th International Film Festival of Goa|publisher=[[Iffi.nic.in]]|access-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316163822/http://www.iffi.nic.in/Indian%20Cinema%20Catalogue%202014.pdf|archive-date=16 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Writing for ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', film critic [[Emanuel Levy]] said that "''The Last Dance'', which marks noted Indian cinematographer-director Shaji Karun's third appearance in [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]], is an elaborately produced, exceedingly handsome period film about the art form of Kathakali, which combines dance, pantomime and theater [...] Through his meticulous [[mise-en-scene]] and well-crafted production, director Karun offers poignant commentary on the political and mythic role of artists in a rapidly changing society, and the fine line between the characters they play onstage and off".<ref>{{cite web|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|author-link=Emanuel Levy|title=The Last Dance|url=https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/the-last-dance-3-1117499804/|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=21 May 1999|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630164932/https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/the-last-dance-3-1117499804/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Prem Panickar of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' wrote, "From a viewer's point of view, it is interesting that after watching the film, you come away talking of the passionate 'virtual love story', of the stunning visuals, of Mohanlal's brilliance and Suhasini's surcharged performance -- but rarely, if ever, of the director. Perhaps that is Shaji N Karun's biggest victory. He is there, in the meticulously etched story and the sparse, telling dialogues. He is there in the use of Kathakali as a medium -- inspired, perhaps, by his mentor, the late Malayalam auteur [[G. Aravindan|Aravindan]]'s 1988 opus, ''Marattam''."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-11-08 |title=rediff.com, Movies: The Rediff Review: Vaanaprastham |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jul/31vaan.htm |access-date=2023-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011108051430/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jul/31vaan.htm |archive-date=8 November 2001 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
The film has been nominated for the following awards since its release:<br />
<br />
;[[1999 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]]<br />
* Competed at the [[Un Certain Regard]] section<br />
<br />
;[[47th National Film Awards|National Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Variety staff|title=Film faves win kudos|url=https://variety.com/2000/film/news/film-faves-win-kudos-1117783569/|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=11 June 2020|date=11 July 2000|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611135902/https://variety.com/2000/film/news/film-faves-win-kudos-1117783569/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]] - [[Pierre Assouline]], [[Mohanlal]] (producers)<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - Mohanlal<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] - [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], Joseph Guinvarch<br />
<br />
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]<br />
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - Mohanlal<br />
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - [[Shaji N. Karun]]<br />
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]] - A. Sreekar Prasad, Joseph Guinvarch<br />
* Best Sound Recordist - [[A. S. Laxmi Narayanan]], Bruno Tarrière<br />
* Best Processing Lab - [[Prasad Studios|Prasad Colour Lab]]<br />
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Makeup Artist|Best Make-up Artist]] - M. O. Devasya, Saleem<br />
<br />
;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film Critics Awards Complete List From 1977 Till 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |website=Kerala Film Critics Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNFn79LrCqY&t=102s |title=15th Film Critics Award - 1991|date=6 January 2020 |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><br />
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] - Shaji N. Karun (director)<br />
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - Shaji N. Karun<br />
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - Mohanlal<br />
* Best Sound Recordist - A. S. Laxmi Narayanan<br />
<br />
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor – Malayalam]] - Mohanlal<br />
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer – South]] - Santosh Sivan<br />
<br />
;Other awards<br />
* Won Mathrubhumi Film Award for Best Actor - Mohanlal<br />
* Won [[FIPRESCI]] prize at the [[Mumbai International Film Festival]] - Shaji N. Karun<ref>{{cite web|title=Festival awards 2000|url=http://www.fipresci.org/awards/awards/awards_2000.htm|publisher=Fipresci.org|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730183153/http://www.fipresci.org/awards/awards/awards_2000.htm|archive-date=30 July 2012}}</ref><br />
* Won Special Prize of the Jury at [[Istanbul International Film Festival]] - Shaji N. Karun<br />
* Nominated for Grand Jury Prize at [[AFI Fest|American Film Institute Festival]] - Shaji N. Karun<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Main|Vanaprastham (soundtrack)}}<br />
The music for the film was composed by [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]]. The soundtrack album was distributed by [[Universal Music France]], it was released on 1 October 1999 in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vanaprastham - Zakir Hussain|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/vanaprastham-mw0001462134|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=11 June 2020|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611114422/https://www.allmusic.com/album/vanaprastham-mw0001462134|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vanaprastham: Last Dance|url=https://www.amazon.ca/Vanaprastham-Last-Dance-Zakir-Hussain/dp/B00004GLP5|publisher=[[Amazon.com|Amazon.ca]]|access-date=11 June 2020|date=29 February 2000|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611114426/https://www.amazon.ca/Vanaprastham-Last-Dance-Zakir-Hussain/dp/B00004GLP5|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
''Vanaprastham'' was the first Indian film shot with [[Panavision]] cameras and lenses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|title=Payback time!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/11moh.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=11 March 1999|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630090458/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/11moh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Mohanlal's performance in the film is often regarded by critics as one of the best performances in his career.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeshi|first=K.|title=A passion for pain|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/A-passion-for-pain/article14936981.ece|access-date=26 May 2020|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 March 2011|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611123446/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/A-passion-for-pain/article14936981.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Vanaprastham'' was Karun's third directorial after ''[[Piravi]]'' (1989) and ''[[Swaham]]'' (1994) and it was the third time his film getting selection at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|title=Hat-trick!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jun/16sha.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=16 June 1999|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630090456/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jun/16sha.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> After the screening of the film, the [[Government of France]] conferred him with the title [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (''Chevalier''); Karun responded that "I think they gave me the award because all three of my films were premiered at Cannes - a very rare honour".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Taliculam|first1=Sharmila|last2=Warrier|first2=Shobha|title='Indians go abroad to watch Indian films!|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/aug/22shaji.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=22 August 2000|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701202453/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/aug/22shaji.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Impressed with his work in ''Vanaprastham'', A. Sreekar Prasad was hired by [[Mani Ratnam]] for editing ''[[Alaipayuthey]]'' (their first collaboration), who later becomes his regular editor.<ref name="editing">{{cite news|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title=The man in the middle: How acclaimed film editor Sreekar Prasad has stood out while blending in|url=https://scroll.in/reel/895699/the-man-in-the-middle-how-acclaimed-film-editor-sreekar-prasad-has-stood-out-while-blending-in|access-date=11 June 2020|work=[[Scroll.in]]|date=25 September 2018|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611122757/https://scroll.in/reel/895699/the-man-in-the-middle-how-acclaimed-film-editor-sreekar-prasad-has-stood-out-while-blending-in|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, Mohanlal listed ''Vanaprastham'' in his list of top ten best Indian films of all time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|title=India's Best Films: Mohanlal|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/07list.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=7 June 2005|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109191753/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/07list.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, in an online poll conducted by ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' on their website as part of the 100 years celebration of [[Indian cinema]], ''Vanaprastham'' came ninth in the poll for finding the "greatest Indian film ever".<ref>{{cite news|title='Mayabazar' is India's greatest film ever: IBNLive poll|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/mayabazar-is-indias-greatest-film-ever-ibnlive-poll-608772.html|access-date=24 May 2013|work=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=12 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114100639/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/mayabazar-is-indias-greatest-film-ever-ibnlive-poll-608772.html|archive-date=14 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IBNLive Poll: Vote for India's greatest film of all time|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ibnlive-poll-vote-for-indias-greatest-film-of-all-time/387871-8.html|access-date=24 May 2013|work=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=26 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115043047/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/ibnlive-poll-vote-for-indias-greatest-film-of-all-time-605465.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, on the occasion of India celebrating its [[Independence Day (India)|70th Independence day]], news agency ''[[NDTV]]'' compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and ''Vanaprastham'' was among the four Malayalam films that found place in the list.<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Independence Day: 70 Years, 70 Great Films|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/photos/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114#photo-196305|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=30 June 2020|date=15 August 2016|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630090456/https://movies.ndtv.com/photos/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114#photo-196305|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|0202055}}<br />
<br />
{{Shaji N. Karun}}<br />
{{Mohanlal}}<br />
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1999 films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1990s psychological drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:French dance films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance films]]<br />
[[Category:French psychological drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]<br />
[[Category:French independent films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian independent films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in the 1930s]]<br />
[[Category:Kathakali]]<br />
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]<br />
[[Category:Pranavam Arts International films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Shaji N. Karun]]<br />
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]<br />
[[Category:Best Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award]]<br />
[[Category:1999 French films]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pokkiri_Raja_(2010_film)&diff=460050
Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)
2026-03-03T20:46:52Z
<p>Maryslanker: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2010 film by Vysakh}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Pokkiri Raja<br />
| image = Pokkiri Raja 2010 poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Promotional poster<br />
| director = [[Vysakh]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Shaji Kumar]]<br />
| editing = [[Mahesh Narayanan]]<br />
| writer = [[Udaykrishna–Sibi K. Thomas|Udaykrishna<br/>Sibi K. Thomas]]<br />
| starring = [[Mammootty]]<br />[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]<br/>[[Shriya Saran]]<br>[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]<br>[[Nedumudi Venu]]<br>[[Vijayaraghavan]]<br>[[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]<br>[[Salim Kumar]]<br>[[Riyaz Khan]]<br />
| producer = [[Tomichan Mulakupadam]]<br />
| music = {{ubl|'''Score'''|C. Rajamani|'''Songs'''|[[Jassie Gift]]}}<br />
| studio = [[Mulakuppadam Films]]<br />
| distributor = [[Mulakuppadam Release]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|5|7|India}}<br />
| runtime = 165 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Pokkiri Raja''''' ({{translation|Rogue King}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[masala film]] written by [[Udaykrishna–Sibi K. Thomas]] and directed by [[Vysakh]]. The film stars [[Mammootty]] and [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] in the lead role alongside an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Shriya Saran]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Salim Kumar]] and [[Riyaz Khan]]. The film marks the debut of Shriya Saran in [[Malayalam cinema]] and [[Vysakh]]'s directorial debut.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141202010410/http://www.sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14922183 Shreya debuts in Malayalam]. Sify.com. Retrieved on 20 June 2014.</ref><ref>George, Vijay (17 February 2010) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100221181229/http://beta.thehindu.com/arts/movies/article108148.ece Sriya Saran makes her entry into Mollywood with Pokkiri Raja]. The Hindu.</ref><br />
<br />
''Pokkiri Raja'' was released worldwide on 7 May 2010 to positive reviews from critics and became the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest grossing Malayalam film of 2010]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja 2: Vysakh to reunite with Mammootty for Pokkiri Raja sequel|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/vysakh-to-reunite-with-mammootty-for-pokkiri-raja-sequel-952717-2017-01-02|access-date=30 April 2025|website=[[India Today]]|date=2 January 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141202010406/http://www.sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14935193 Pokkiri Raja released]. Sify.com. Retrieved on 20 June 2014.</ref> and was remade in Hindi as ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]'' and partially in Telugu as ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]''. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as ''Raja Pokkiri Raja''. A sequel titled ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' was released on 12 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mainstream films cut a sorry figure - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2011/May/23/mainstream-films-cut-a-sorry-figure-255596.html|access-date=28 June 2021|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 May 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Kunnath Madhavan Nair, a teacher living happily with his two sons, Raja and Surya Narayanan, accidentally kills a boy named Gopi, who belongs to a rival family. Raja takes the blame to save Madhavan. Despite Raja getting released from prison, Madhavan refuses to accept him not knowing about his innocence. Raja leaves for [[Madurai]] and saves the son of the village landlord Maniannan. Due to this, Raja turns into his right-hand and was named as ''Madurai Raja''.<br />
<br />
Years later, Raja becomes a powerful gangster called Pokkiri Raja, while Surya is an educated person and is also well known for getting involved in fights. To change his character, Surya is sent to [[Ernakulam]] to his brother-in-law [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Sugunan. At Ernakulam, Surya falls in love with Aswathy, the daughter of [[Police Commissioner|city commissioner]] Rajendra Babu. Sugunan takes advantage of Surya's character and sends him in his uniform to take care of severe police cases.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Surya follows Aswathy, but is unaware that [[Home Minister]] Kumaran's son Mahendran is also in love with Aswathy. Aswathy hates Surya as she assumes that he is a cop, but she tells him that Rajendra Babu is her step-father and was the person behind her mother's death. Rajendra Babu have left her alive because Mahendran was in love with her. Rajendra Babu and Mahendran learns of Surya and Aswathy's relationship, where they arrests Surya on false charges of smuggling [[narcotics]].<br />
<br />
Rajendra Babu and Mahendran also plan to kill Surya and gives the contract to Raja. At this point, Madhavan leaves for Madurai in search of Raja and asks for his help to rescue Surya. Realizing that Surya is his brother, Raja rescues Surya and warns Rajendra Babu. Raja and Surya crosses many hurdles and manages to defeat Rajendra Babu and Mahendran, but they spare them. The story ends with Surya reuniting with Aswathy, and the two getting married.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<br />
{{colbegin}} <br />
* [[Mammootty]] as Kunnath Raja / [[Madurai|Madhura]] Raja (Pokkiri Raja)<br />
** Ashwin as Young Raja<br />
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Kunnath Surya Narayanan, Raja's brother <br />
** [[Jeevan Gopal]] as Young Surya<br />
* [[Shriya Saran]] as Aswathy, Surya's love interest <br />
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Kunnath Madhavan Nair, Raja's and Surya's father<br />
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Kunnath Krishnan Nair, Raja's and Surya's uncle<br />
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as [[Commissioner of Police#India|City Police Commissioner]] Rajendra Babu [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br />
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Mahendran, Aswathy's fiancé and Kumaran's son<br />
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] 'Idivettu' Sugunan.P, Raja's and Surya's brother in law<br />
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Novelist Manoharan Mangalodayam<br />
* [[Charan Raj]] as Maniyannan<br />
* [[Bindu Panicker]] as Rugmini, Suganan's wife, Raja's and Surya's sister<br />
* [[Thesni Khan]] as Ramani, Manoharan's wife<br />
* [[Ambika Mohan]] as Lathika, Raja's and Surya's mother<br />
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Velu, Raja's assistant <br />
* [[Karate Raja]] as Selva, Raja's assistant<br />
* [[Santhosh Jogi]] as Sathya, Raja's assistant<br />
* [[Rizabawa]] as Home Minister Kumaran <br />
* [[Ponnamma Babu]] as Home Minister's wife<br />
* [[Anil Murali]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Dinesh <br />
* [[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Raveendranath <br />
* [[Urmila Unni]] as Aswathy's mother<br />
* [[Arun Cherukavil|Arun]] as Varun<br />
* [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Thomas<br />
* [[Joemon Joshy]] as Gopi<br />
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Thirumeni<br />
* [[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Poojari Narayanan<br />
* [[T. P. Madhavan]] as Shivankutty, Temple Committee Member <br />
* [[Kadhal Dhandapani]] as Parthasarathy<br />
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Quotation Vasu<br />
* [[Kalashala Babu]] as Achuthan Nair<br />
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Sudhakaran, Achuthan's son<br />
* [[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]] as Divakaran, Achuthan's second son <br />
* [[Paravai Muniyamma]]<br />
* [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as Unnithan, Varun's brother<br />
* [[Baiju Ezhupunna]] as Chandru, Raja's assistant<br />
* [[Kanya Bharathi]] as Malini, Rajendra Babu's wife<br />
* [[Sasi Kalinga]] as Police officer Rakesh Tiwari <br />
* [[Shweta Menon]] in a guest appearance in a [[item song]]''Manikyakallin''<br />
* [[Rachana Maurya]] as a [[bar dancer]] ([[Cameo appearance]] in the [[item song]] "Chenthengil Ponnilaneeru")<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.friendspire.com/people/Rachana-Maurya/1422286|title=Friendspire: Stop Searching. Start Finding}}</ref><br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film was launched by [[Mammootty]] with the absence of [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] and [[Shriya Saran]] at [[Changanassery]] on 30 December 2009. Veteran director [[Joshiy]] lighted the ceremonial lamp at the function. Shooting of the film began on 11 January 2010 at various locations in [[Kollengode, Palakkad|Kollengode]], [[Chittur-Thathamangalam|Chittur]], [[Pollachi]], [[Ottapalam]] and [[Ernakulam]]. Prithviraj's song 'Manikyakallin Mukkuticharhtum' song was first shot. The shooting completed within 50 days with a production cost around 5 crores and distribution works started in April. Audio was launched in April at Ernakulam. The dubbing of the film was happen at Kochi. A song was planned to shoot at London featuring the lead pair Prithviraj and Saran but had to cancelled because of volcanic ash from london has stopped the airport from fly in or out any flight.<ref>{{cite web|author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=20 April 2010 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Volcanic-ash-causes-jitters-in-Kollywood/articleshow/5832055.cms |title=Volcanic ash causes jitters in Kollywood! |work=The times of india}}</ref> Saran was stranded with [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] at London while shooting for their film ''[[Chikku Bukku]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2010 |url=http://sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14939002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707072937/http://www.sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14939002 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2015 |title=Volcanic ash causes delay in Kollywood!Hindi version of the movie is Boss(Akshay Kumar)|website=Sifymovies}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The music is composed by [[Jassie Gift]] and Theme music by Rajamani. The album contains 6 songs. The songs will be featured throughout the film except the other version of Ketile Kettile song. [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri|Kaithapram]] contributed the lyrics. This audio was released on 8 April 2010.<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| all_lyrics = [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri|Kaithapram]]<br />
| title1 = Manikinavain<br />
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br />
| length1 = 3:12<br />
| title2 = Kettille, Kettille<br />
| extra2 = [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], Rijiya Riyas, Anwar Sadat<br />
| length2 = 3:25<br />
| title3 = Manickya Kallil<br />
| extra3 = [[Jassie Gift]], [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathy]], [[Ananthu (singer)|Ananthu]]<br />
| length3 = 4:00<br />
| title4 = Chenthengil Ponnilaneeru<br />
| extra4 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Anwar Sadat, [[Suchitra]]<br />
| length4 = 3:50<br />
| title5 = Pokkiri Raja Theme<br />
| title6 = <br />
| extra6 = Rajamani, Chorus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The film was released in 110 screens in India.<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
===Box office===<br />
The film was made on a budget of ₹4.25 crore and collected around ₹20.5 crore at the Kerala box office.<ref name="BBO">{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/pokkiri-raja-rules-boxoffice/637040/ |title=Pokkiri Raja rules box-office |access-date=2 February 2011|date=25 June 2010 |author=Unni R. Nair|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.khaleejtimes.com/nation/dubai/uae-first-to-get-glimpse-of-mammootty-starrer-madhura-raja|title=UAE first to get glimpse of Mammootty-starrer Madhura Raja|work=[[The Khaleej Times]]|date=4 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2016/thoppil-joppan-box-office-will-the-movie-be-mammootty-s-top-grosser-244178.html|title=Thoppil Joppan Box Office: Will The Movie Be Mammootty's Highest Grosser?|work=Filmibeat|date=12 October 2016}}</ref> The film became a major commercial success and was the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest grossing Malayalam film of 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4qW2aadbihh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043518/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4qW2aadbihh|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2016|title=Kerala Box-office (May 7-31, 2010)|work=[[Sify]]|date=31 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/nov/05/roar-of-the-southern-tigers-1534661.html|title=Roar of the southern tigers|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article430005.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918012909/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article430005.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 September 2016|title=Multistarrer era comes to Mollywood|date=5 June 2011|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-to-remake-pokkiri-raja/articleshow/14026089.cms|title=Akshay Kumar to remake Pokkiri Raja|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2011/May/23/mainstream-films-cut-a-sorry-figure-255596.html|title=Mainstream films cut a sorry figure|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-malayalam-actors-of-2010-imagegallery-malayalam-km4lKwadegbsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106041133/http://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-malayalam-actors-of-2010-imagegallery-malayalam-km4lKwadegbsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 January 2017|title=Top 10 Malayalam actors of 2010|work=[[Sify]]|date=31 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/after-pulimurugan-vysakh-helm-mammoottys-raja-2-mohanlal-dileep-dulquer-salmaan-movies-lined-710778|title=After Pulimurugan, Vysakh to helm Mammootty's Raja 2; Mohanlal, Dileep and Dulquer Salmaan movies lined up|author=Anu James|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=3 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14953439&cid=14625530|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205233351/http://sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14953439&cid=14625530|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2010|title=Kerala Box-Office (Aug 1-15)|work=[[Sify]]|date=16 August 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
Paresh C. Palicha of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Finally, Pokkiriraja may supposedly achieve the super hit status with the help of the fans. But, for the genuine viewer, it is a disappointment".<ref name="Paresh C Palicha">{{cite web|author=Palicha, Paresh C |date=10 May 2010 |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/10/south-malayalam-movie-review-pokkiri-raja.htm |title=Pokkiriraja disappoints |work=rediff.com}}</ref> ''[[Sify.com|Sify]]'' called it "mass masala" and commented as it doesn't have a decent storyline but appreciating the visuals. And said the writers have succeeded in allotting equal importance to both the lead actors. But criticized the lack of logic in the script.<ref name="Moviebuzz">{{cite web|date=10 May 2010 |url=http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14941007&ctid=5&cid=2428 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512160029/http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14941007&ctid=5&cid=2428 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2010 |title=Pokkiri Raja |website=Sifymovies}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Sequels==<br />
{{Further|Madhura Raja}}<br />
A sequel-off titled ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' was released on 12 April 2019, which grossed over {{INR}}75 crore at the box office. The third installment of the film has been announced and titled as ''Minister Raja''.<br />
<br />
== Remake ==<br />
The film was later remade into Hindi as [[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]] and partially in Telugu as ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pokkiri-raja-beats-t-20-record-news-malayalam-kkfq71jcaihsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120213355/http://www.sify.com/movies/pokkiri-raja-beats-t-20-record-news-malayalam-kkfq71jcaihsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 November 2016|title=Pokkiri Raja beats T:20 record!|work=[[Sify]]|date=19 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|35em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=1667852|title=Pokkiri Raja}}<br />
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{{Mulakuppadam Films}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pokkiri Raja}}<br />
[[Category:2010 action films]]<br />
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[[Category:2010 masala films]]<br />
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[[Category:Films directed by Vysakh]]<br />
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[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]<br />
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[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
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[[Category:Indian action films]]<br />
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[[Category:Malayalam films in series]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yagavarayinum_Naa_Kaakka&diff=545981
Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka
2026-03-03T17:57:49Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2015 Indian film by Sathya Prabhas Pinisetty}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka / Malupu<br />
| image = Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka.jpg<br />
| alt = <!-- see WP:ALT --><br />
| caption = Promotional Poster<br />
| director = Sathya Prabhas Pinisetty<br />
| producer = [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]<br />
| writer = Sathya Prabhas Pinisetty<br />
| based_on = <br />
| starring = [[Aadhi Pinisetty]]<br />[[Nikki Galrani]]<br />[[Mithun Chakraborty]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = Prasan Praveen Shyam<br />
| cinematography = Shanmugasundaram<br />
| editing = [[V. J. Sabu Joseph]]<br />
| studio = Adharsha Chitralaya<br />
| distributor = [[Global United Media]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|6|26|Tamil|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friday Fury- June 26 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury--june-26-news-tamil-pg0kwxgaaahdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164610/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury--june-26-news-tamil-pg0kwxgaaahdf.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=26 June 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>|2016|2|19|Telugu}}<br />
| runtime = 156 minutes (Tamil)<br>118 minutes (Telugu)<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2016 |title=Malupu is a complete package: Aadhi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Malupu-is-a-complete-package-Aadhi/articleshow/51057164.cms |access-date=4 March 2016 |work=timesofindia}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />Telugu<br />
| budget = ₹25 crore<br />
| gross = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
}}<br />
'''''Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka''''' ({{Translation|''Whoever it is, hold your tongue''}}) / '''''Malupu''''' ({{Translation|Turning point}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual [[comedy thriller|comedy]] [[thriller film|mystery thriller film]] written and directed by Sathya Prabhas Pinisetty. The film stars his brother [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] and [[Nikki Galrani]] in the lead role,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190202154651/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/130302/entertainment-kollywood/article/sister-act-comes-kollywood Sister act comes to Kollywood<!-- Bot generated title -->]. ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</ref> alongside [[Mithun Chakraborty]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anupama Subramanian |date=13 June 2015 |title=Mithun Chakraborty's foray into Kollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150613/entertainment-kollywood/article/mithun-chakraborty%E2%80%99s-foray-kollywood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615021959/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150613/entertainment-kollywood/article/mithun-chakraborty%E2%80%99s-foray-kollywood |archive-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=live |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref> [[Richa Pallod]] and [[Pasupathy]] play supporting roles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130804072143/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130801/entertainment-kollywood/article/mithun-gave-nod-floored-prabhas-script Mithun gave nod, floored by Prabhas script]. ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2013.</ref><br />
<br />
''Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka'' is based on a real incident happened in [[Chennai]] and tells the story of a happy go lucky man and the shocking incident that turns his life upside down and his search for [[Mumbai]] based underworld don Mudaliar. ''Malupu'', the Telugu version of the film was released on February 19, 2016. The film was shot in different locations for the Tamil and Telugu versions, which caused a delay in the release of ''Malupu''. The film generally opened to mixed response from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2015 |title=Aadi looking forward to Malupu |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151215/entertainment-tollywood/article/aadi-looking-forward-malupu |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
===31 December 2014===<br />
<br />
A young woman tries to call the emergency hotline to save her before she is murdered in a flat in Chennai (Tamil)/Visakhapatnam (Telugu). Someone is shown covering up the crime.<br />
<br />
===Present day===<br />
<br />
Sathish Ganapathy aka Saga ([[Aadhi Pinisetty]]), a regular, middle-class college student from Chennai arrives in [[Mumbai]] to meet Mudaliar ([[Mithun Chakraborty]]), the city's underworld don and protector of the poor. At around the same time, Mudaliar is rushed to the hospital after he is almost killed in an assassination attempt. A mob assembles before his house and demands he shows up to prove he is alive. When he finally does appear, the crowd is grateful for his survival and pray for his well-being.<br />
<br />
===Four months ago===<br />
<br />
Saga and his three wealthy friends skip their finals on purpose, so that they can continue to stay in college and enjoy themselves rather than face adulthood. Despite being warned by his parents to stay away from his friends as they are a bad influence on him, Saga hangs out with them. He finally decides to turn over a new life after Kayal ([[Nikki Galrani]]), the girl he falls in love with, convinces his father that Saga can be a responsible adult if given the chance. His parents then put him in charge of his sister's wedding arrangements before leaving for their hometown to meet relatives.<br />
<br />
===31 December 2014===<br />
<br />
With his family out of town, Saga follows his three friends for a night in the city to celebrate New Year's Eve. At a restaurant, two of his friends are drunk and get into a fight with a girl named Priya and her boyfriend, Surya. When the police come to resolve the ruckus, they realise that Saga's third friend is the son of the police commissioner and decides to arrest Surya instead. Priya protests and is publicly humiliated by the police inspector, without knowing who she is. She then warns Saga and his friends to go into hiding as they will not live to see the light of day.<br />
<br />
===1 January 2015===<br />
<br />
By midnight, Saga and his friends come to know that Priya is actually the daughter of Mudaliar. Her brother, Guna, who runs Mudaliar's businesses in Chennai (Tamil)/Visakhapatnam (Telugu) is after them for revenge. Saga's friends try to convince him to follow them into hiding as arranged by their wealthy and influential fathers, but he insists on staying to arrange for his sister's wedding. Later that morning, Saga is chased down by Guna's men while in town. He is finally saved by Deva, Guna's henchman who realises that Saga saved his brother's life once. Deva advises Saga to go to Mumbai to meet Mudaliar in person and explain everything since he is a sensible man, unlike Guna.<br />
<br />
===Present day===<br />
<br />
Saga goes to Mudaliar's home and claims that Guna sent him. When it is discovered he is lying, he is tortured since he is suspected of the assassination attempt on Mudaliar. Saga finally gets to meet Mudaliar and explains the truth of what happened that night in Chennai. However, Mudaliar drops a bombshell by saying that after Priya bailed out Surya from the police station that night, both of them went missing and have not been seen since. Since Saga and his friends were the last to see the couple alive, they are the prime suspects. Saga refuses to reveal his friends' whereabouts until Mudaliar threatens to have his family killed. Mudaliar then gives Saga some time to find his friends or else his family will die.<br />
<br />
With Kayal and Deva's help, Saga finds out where his friends are hiding. In between, Saga is being attacked by a person in a purdah. As Saga cannot see his face, he is unable to catch his attacker. Saga goes into hiding as he suspects that he is being targeted by the father of one of his friends, in order to keep their identities safe. The attacker then tries to kill Deva and runs away. In the process, he begins to suspect that their fathers are trying to frame him for Priya's disappearance to save their sons. This forces Saga to reveal his friends' hideouts to Mudaliar, who releases his family. Saga then visits Deva in the hospital who is receiving treatment. Deva hands Saga a paper that has a symbol and says the attacker had this symbol tattooed in his hand. After much thinking, Saga realises that he saw such a tattoo on Surya's forearm and he might know about Priya's whereabouts and goes to his flat. Once there, he finds Surya's frozen body being kept by Surya's psychotic ex-girlfriend, Nila who also has the same tattoo on her hand. It is then revealed that she killed both Surya and Priya on New Year's Eve out of jealousy. Before Saga can take Nila to meet Mudaliar, she is killed by Deva's brother, leaving Saga with no alternative to convince the don of the truth. At around the same time, Mudaliar and Guna find Priya's body washed up on the beach.<br />
<br />
Once his men have rounded up Saga and his friends, Mudaliar orders Guna and their men to kill them. However, the friend who tried to hit on Priya and caused the whole misunderstanding finally admits his mistake to Mudaliar and pleads for his friends' release in return for his life. Moved by the young man's deed, Mudaliar lets the four friends go as he realises they couldn't have killed his daughter as they were willing to sacrifice their life for their friends.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
* [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] as Sathish "Saga" Ganapathy<br />
* [[Nikki Galrani]] as Kayal<br />
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Mudaliar (Voice dubbed by [[Nizhalgal Ravi]])<br />
* [[Richa Pallod]] as Priya<br />
* [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] as Nila<br />
* [[Pasupathy]] as Kasimedu Deva<br />
* [[Harish Uthaman]] as Guna Mudaliar<br />
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Commissioner Balachander (Chandrasekhar in Telugu version)<br />
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Krishnan, Sathish's father<br />
* [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Sathish's mother<br />
* [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Mudaliar's assistant<br />
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]] as Minister Duraiarasan<br />
* [[Munishkanth]] as Mudaliar's Henchmen<br />
* Shravan as Suriya<br />
* Shyam Kumar as Rajesh<br />
* [[Shree Karthick]] as Shiva<br />
* Siddharth Gopinath as Kishore<br />
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Assistant Commissioner Khan<br />
* Anand Varma<br />
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Doctor<br />
* Anitha Iyer as Roshini, Sathish's sister<br />
* Rajasimman as Deva's henchman<br />
* Sabarna as Sabarna (Sabu)<br />
* Japan Kumar (special appearance in "Sokkanu Ponnu"/"Chalaki Pilla")<br />
* [[Heena Panchal]] as item number<br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music was composed by Prasan-Praveen-Shyam and released by [[Think Music India]].<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Prasan-Praveen-Shyam<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = June 10, 2015<br />
| recorded = 2015<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 26:02<br />
| label = [[Think Music India]]<br />
| producer = Prasan-Praveen-Shyam<br />
| next_title = [[Kaadhali (2017 film)|Kaadhali]]<br />
| next_year = 2017<br />
}}<br />
'''''Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka'' (Tamil)'''{{track listing<br />
| headline = Tamil Track list<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 26:02<br />
| title1 = Papparapampam<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Madhan Karky]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Krishna Iyer]], [[M. M. Manasi]]<br />
| length1 = 5:26<br />
| title2 = Sokkana Ponnu<br />
| lyrics2 = Gana Ulaganathan<br />
| extra2 = [[Aadhi Pinisetty]]<br />
| length2 = 5:35<br />
| title3 = Nee Sonna<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Thamarai]]<br />
| extra3 = Krishna Iyer<br />
| length3 = 2:45<br />
| title4 = Singari Sokku Lady<br />
| lyrics4 = Krishna Iyer<br />
| extra4 = [[Priya Himesh]], Krishna Iyer<br />
| length4 = 5:11<br />
| title5 = Oozhi Koothu<br />
| lyrics5 = Thamarai<br />
| extra5 = Dr. Narayanan<br />
| length5 = 4:51<br />
| title6 = Thozha Thozha<br />
| lyrics6 = Madhan Karky<br />
| extra6 = Elfe Choir<br />
| length6 = 1:54<br />
| title7 = YNK<br />
| note7= Theme<br />
| extra7 = Krishna Iyer<br />
| length7 = 0:20<br />
}}'''''Malupu'' (Telugu)'''{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Malupu<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Prasan-Praveen-Shyam<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = June 14, 2015<br />
| recorded = 2015<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 26:04<br />
| label = [[Think Music India]]<br />
| producer = Prasan-Praveen-Shyam<br />
| next_title = [[Kaadhali (2017 film)|Kaadhali]]<br />
| next_year = 2017<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Telugu Track list<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 26:04<br />
| title1 = Papparapampam<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br />
| extra1 = Ranjith, [[Krishna Iyer]]<br />
| length1 = 5:27<br />
| title2 = Chalaki Pilla<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]<br />
| extra2 = Aadhi Pinisetty<br />
| length2 = 5:35<br />
| title3 = Nuvvena Ee Matannadhi<br />
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra3 = Krishna Iyer<br />
| length3 = 2:46<br />
| title4 = Avo Avo Gopalaa<br />
| lyrics4 = Bhuvana Chandra<br />
| extra4 = Priya Himesh, Krishna Iyer<br />
| length4 = 5:11<br />
| title5 = Bhagaa Bhagaa<br />
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra5 = [[Haricharan]]<br />
| length5 = 4:51<br />
| title6 = Lene Ledu<br />
| lyrics6 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra6 = Haricharan<br />
| length6 = 1:54<br />
| title7 = Vaadu Veedu Evadainaa<br />
| lyrics7 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra7 = Krishna Iyer<br />
| length7 = 0:20<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Critical response ==<br />
[[The Times of India]] gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "There are films whose twists in the script make them unpredictable and interesting and there are films that have one twist too many and end up exasperating us. ''Yaagavarayinum Naa Kaakka'' belongs in the latter category".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Yaagavarayinum-Naa-Kaakka/movie-review/47850338.cms |access-date=2015-08-15 |work=indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
[[The Hindu]] wrote, "when the film does eventually begin in the second half, there's quite a lot to like...Some subtlety could've been nice towards the end, as there's too much emotion being milked with over-the-top performances and extra-poignant loud music. But that's not really the film’s biggest problem. It is that it doesn't start until you return from the interval break".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudhir Srinivasan |date=26 June 2015 |title=Yaagavarayinum Naa Kaakka movie review |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/yaagavarayinum-naa-kaakka-takes-a-long-while-to-get-going/article7358030.ece |access-date=2015-08-15 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
Behindwoods rated the film 2.75 out of 5 and felt "it was one movie that’s justified by everything in-store to define it with the parliamentary term called commercial cinema, but also creates an impactful experience in the end."They lauded actor Mithun Chakraborty saying "Mithun Da anchored the film on one side with his mightiness".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka Movie Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yagavarayinum-naa-kaakka/yagavarayinum-naa-kaakka-review.html |access-date=26 June 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> [[Sify]] called the film "average" and wrote, "too many songs look unnecessary and the length of the film is a drawback...everything about the film feels rehashed and redundant".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka Movie Review |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaagavarayinum-naa-kaakka-review-tamil-pg0kE5gbbjfai.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628212051/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaagavarayinum-naa-kaakka-review-tamil-pg0kE5gbbjfai.html |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=27 June 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Indiaglitz gave the Telugu version of the film, a rating of 3/5 stars, calling it as a one time watch mystery film with gripping screenplay, especially in the second half, appreciating the performances of [[Richa Pallod]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] and [[Pasupathy]]. They also lauded the technical crew of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2016 |title=Malupu Movie Review - A gripping tale |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/malupu-telugu-movie-review-19958.html |access-date=4 March 2016 |work=Indiaglitz}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|4435282}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about friendship]]<br />
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 multilingual films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2014]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2015]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]<br />
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1920_London&diff=462479
1920 London
2026-03-02T09:37:26Z
<p>Maryslanker: small changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2016 film by Tinu Suresh Desai}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = 1920_London_Poster.jpg<br />
| alt = A man in front looks like an exorcist with London scene in background with a ghost of a woman behind him.<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Tinu Suresh Desai]]<br />
| producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Vikram Bhatt<br />
}}<br />
| writer = Girish Dhamija (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = [[Sukhmani Sadana]]<br />
| story = [[Vikram Bhatt]]<br />
| starring = [[Sharman Joshi]]<br />[[Meera Chopra]] <br /> [[Vishal Karwal]]<br />
| music = '''Songs:'''<br /> [[Sharib Sabri|Shaarib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]]<br />[[JAM8]]<br /> '''Score:'''<br /> [[Amar Mohile]]<br />
| cinematography = Prakash Kutty<br />
| editing = Kuldeep Mehan<br />
| studio = [[Reliance Entertainment]]<br />
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|05|06}}<br />
| runtime = 117 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 117:38--><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/1920-london-film |title=''1920 LONDON'' (15) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=3 May 2016 |access-date=3 May 2016 |archive-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601120449/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/1920-london-film |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INR|21&nbsp;Cr}}<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3275|title=1920 London - Movie|website=Box Office India|access-date=27 November 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203012921/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3275|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{INR|22.98&nbsp;Cr}}<ref name="boxofficeindia"/><br />
}}<br />
'''''1920 London''''' is a 2016 Indian [[supernatural horror film]] directed by [[Tinu Suresh Desai]]. It is the third installment in the [[1920 (film series)|''1920'' film series]],<ref name="times">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/1920-London-to-release-by-March-April-2015-Meera-Chopra/articleshow/45759026.cms |title=1920 London to release by February–March 2016: Meera Chopra |work=indiatimes.com |access-date=13 August 2015 |archive-date=10 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610234734/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/1920-London-to-release-by-March-April-2015-Meera-Chopra/articleshow/45759026.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> after ''[[1920 (film)|1920]]'' and ''[[1920: The Evil Returns]]''. The film stars [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Meera Chopra]], and [[Vishal Karwal]] in lead roles. The film follows a wife who seeks the help of her ex lover, a shaman to free her husband from demonic possession, not realizing that the ex-lover has a personal vendetta against her. The film managed to recover its budget and became a moderate success but it could not repeat the success of its previous installments. It was followed by another installment titled ''[[1921 (2018 film)|1921]]''.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
<br />
Princess Shivangi from [[Sikar]], [[Rajasthan]] lives in London with her husband, Kunwar Veer Singh. Veer receives a strange locket as a gift from an unknown admirer in Rajasthan. A ghost comes out of the locket and possess Veer. Without knowing Veer is possessed, Shivangi admits Veer in a hospital. Veer's body begins to contort unnaturally and Veer begins growling in strange languages. The doctors seem to diagnose it as [[tetanus]], which is incurable. Shivangi's handmaiden, Kesar Ma, deems it as [[black magic]]. As the doctors are unable to save Veer, Shivangi visits her family in Rajasthan. Shivangi and her family visit an exorcist to remedy Veer's condition. The exorcist attempts to confront the ghost by entering the other realm through a mirror but is soon expelled, being too weak to confront the ghost. The exorcist ask Shivangi's family to visit Mewar Baba whose real name is Jai Singh Gujjar.<br />
<br />
Some years ago, Shivangi was deeply in love with Jai. Rana saw Shivangi and Jai together and attempted to misbehave with Shivangi but Jai intervened. Rana reports Shivangi and Jai's relationship to Shivangi's father. Jai was charged with attempted murder and Shivangi testifies against Jai. Jai was then sentenced to prison for five years.<br />
<br />
Shivangi meets and pleads with Jai to help Veer. Jai finally agrees to go to London. Jai investigates the matter and discovers that Veer's troubles began upon receiving the strange locket. Jai proves about the possession to the doctors and the doctors agree to discharge Veer. At Veer's house, Jai makes Shivangi into reciting a spiritual chant to bind the spirit and Jai throws the locket into the [[Thames]] River. It is revealed that the locket was actually sent by Jai to get revenge on Shivangi for Jai's false imprisonment. Jai pretends to help but continues to inflict more pain to Shivangi. Shivangi confronts Jai about knowing the source of the locket and Jai admits everything to Shivangi.<br />
<br />
Shivangi reveals to Jai that Shivangi's father would have killed Jai if Shivangi did not agree to falsely imprison Jai. <br />
<br />
After hearing the truth, Jai agress to help. Jai traps the ghost in a bottle and buries the bottle in a graveyard but the ghost escapes and attacks Jai.<br />
Jai meets and asks help from his Guru. Jai's guru regretfully says that the ghost will not leave without taking a soul. Jai's guru directs Jai to an abandoned church where Jai and Shivaangi receive a pair of knives. Jai enters the other realm through a mirror. The ghost attacks Jai which also affects the real world. Jai recovers the locket and throws the locket to Shivangi through the mirror. Jai smashes the mirror to close the portal which traps Jai in the other realm. Shivangi burns the locket which destroys the ghost and Veer comes back to normal. Shivangi sees Jai smile peacefully from a shard of the mirror before the shard breaks. After two weeks, Veer and Shivangi find the letter from Jai. Jai had offered Jai's soul so Veer could be freed. Veer is touched and places Jai's photograph on a shelf along with other photos.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Sharman Joshi]] as Jai Singh Gujjar <br />
* [[Meera Chopra]] as Shivangi<br />
* [[Vishal Karwal]] as Veer Singh<br />
* Meenal Kapoor as Witch<br />
* [[Gajendra Chauhan]] as Tantrik<br />
* [[Sushmita Mukherjee]] as Kesar Maa<br />
* [[Surendra Pal]] as Raja, Shivangi's father<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
''1920 London'' received generally negative reviews from critics. Mohar Basu of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 1/5 stars and wrote,"There isn't an inkling of innovative thinking in the third installment of the 1920 series. The best thing that can be said about it is that it will remain one of the year's funniest films".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Basu |first1=Mohar |title=1920 London Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/1920-London/movie-review/52149079.cms?from=mdr |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104043934/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/1920-London/movie-review/52149079.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
<br />
Manjusha of ''[[Gulf News]]'' gave 1.5/5 to the film and wrote,"Vikram Bhatt exhausts every cliché that has been regurgitated in Bollywood love stories. Corny dialogues such as "we will live together and die together" and sappy songs with lovers dancing around in picturesque locations will make you nauseous. While the first few scenes in which evil spirit unleashes her fury are startling, it gets tiring" {{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}.<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = 1920 London<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Sharib Sabri|Shaarib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]], and Kaushik-Akash for JAM8<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 21 April 2016<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=26|s=31}}<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], [[Saregama]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title = <br />
| prev_year = <br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| misc = {{Singles<br />
| name = 1920 London<br />
| type = Soundtrack Singles<br />
| single1 = Gumnaan Hai Koi<br />
| single1date = 9 April 2016<br />
| single2 = Aaj Ro Len De<br />
| single2date = 15 April 2016<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music for ''1920 London'' is composed by [[Sharib Sabri|Shaarib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]], and [[JAM8]]. The first song "Gumnaan Hai Koi" which was a recreated version of the original song from the 1965 film ''[[Gumnaam]]'' was released on 9 April 2016. The [[Music licensing|music rights]] of the film are acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] except the "Gumnaam" song which is bought by [[Saregama]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gumnaam-hai-koi-from-1920/id1104156933 |title=Gumnaam Hai Koi (From "1920 London") – Single by Jubin Nautiyal & Antara Mitra on iTunes |date=15 April 2016 |work=[[iTunes Store]] |access-date=15 April 2016 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506195314/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gumnaam-hai-koi-from-1920/id1104156933 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The full music album was released on 21 April 2016.<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 26:31<br />
| title1= Gumnaam Hai Koi<br />
| extra1= [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Antara Mitra]]<br />
| music1= Kaushik-Akash for JAM8<br />
| lyrics1= [[Kunaal Vermaa]]<br />
| length1= 4:25<br />
| title2= Aaj Ro Len De<br />
| extra2= [[Sharib Sabri|Shaarib Sabri]]<br />
| music2= Shaarib-Toshi<br />
| lyrics2= Shaarib-Toshi, Kalim Sheikh<br />
| length2= 4:46<br />
| title3= Aafreen<br />
| extra3= [[K.K]], Antara Mitra<br />
| music3= Kaushik & Akash for JAM8<br />
| lyrics3= Prashant Ingole<br />
| length3= 3:45<br />
| title4= Tujhko Mein<br />
| extra4= [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
| music4= Shaarib-Toshi<br />
| lyrics4= Azim Shirazi<br />
| length4= 4:43<br />
| title5= Rootha Kyun<br />
| extra5= [[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Payal Dev]]<br />
| music5= Shaarib-Toshi<br />
| lyrics5= Azim Shirazi<br />
| length5= 5:02<br />
| title6= Aafreen (2nd Version)<br />
| extra6= [[Sreerama Chandra Mynampati|Sreeram]], Antara Mitra<br />
| lyrics6= Prashant Ingole<br />
| music6= Kaushik-Akash for JAM8<br />
| length6= 3:49<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Sequel==<br />
A sequel of the film was announced in June 2016 by the makers. The film was titled ''[[1921 (2018 film)|1921]]'' and was released in 2018.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|5638500|1920 London}}<br />
* {{BH movie|1920-london<!-- id# 733832 -->|1920 London}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|1920_london|1920 London}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:1920 London}}<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language horror films]]<br />
[[Category:2016 films]]<br />
[[Category:2016 horror films]]<br />
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in London]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 1920]]<br />
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurwai_Assembly_constituency&diff=463288
Kurwai Assembly constituency
2026-02-21T17:43:58Z
<p>Maryslanker: minor expand article for clarity to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Kurwai<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 146<br />
| map_image = 146-Kurwai.svg<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Vidisha district|Vidisha]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Sagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sagar]]<br />
| reservation = SC<br />
| mla = [[Hari Singh Sapre]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| preceded_by = Veer Singh Panwar<br />
}}<br />
'''Kurwai''' is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=14 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1957, as one of the Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes since 1977, following the delimitation of the Legislative Assembly constituencies.<ref name="eci1"/><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
[[Kurwai]] (constituency number 146) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Vidisha district. This constituency presently covers the entire Kurwai tehsil of the district with 224 villages, Sironj tehsil's 116 villages and Basoda tehsil's 94 villages. It has total 264 polling booths. Total Voters in the constituency are 1,98,965.<br />
<br />
[[Kurwai]] is part of Sagar Lok Sabha constituency along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments namely [[Sironj]] and [[Shamshabad]] in [[Vidisha district]] and [[Bina Etawa|Bina]], [[Khurai]], [[Surkhi]], [[Naryoli Assembly constituency|Naryoli]] and [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sagar]] in [[Sagar district]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Takhtamal Lunkaram <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| K. Kumar<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| Awadh Narayan <br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| Ram Charan Lal <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
| Panbai<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Shyamlal Shankarlal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|Chironjilal Sonkar<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br />
| Raghuveer Singh<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
| Shyamlal Panthi<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br />
| [[Hari Singh Sapre]]<br />
|-<br />
|| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|Veer Singh Panwar<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
| Rowspan=2|[[Hari Singh Sapre]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin<br />
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kurwai<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Hari Singh Sapre]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:102343}}<br />
|percentage = 55.69<br />
|change = +3.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Rani Ahirwar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:76274}}<br />
|percentage = 41.5<br />
|change = +0.26<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Janki Prasad Ahirwar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2453}}<br />
|percentage = 1.33<br />
|change = -2.05<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1469}}<br />
|percentage = 0.8<br />
|change = -0.05<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:26069}}<br />
|percentage = 14.19<br />
|change = +3.37<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:183774}}<br />
|percentage = 78.36<br />
|change = +3.59<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kurwai<ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3756|title=Hari Singh Sapre(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KURWAI (SC)(VIDISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Hari Singh Sapre]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:80264}}<br />
|percentage = 52.06<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Subhash Bohat<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:63569}}<br />
|percentage = 41.24<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Emrat Lal Ahirwar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:5212}}<br />
|percentage = 3.38<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1308}}<br />
|percentage = 0.85<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:16695}}<br />
|percentage = 10.82<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:154162}}<br />
|percentage = 74.77<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Vidisha district|Vidisha]] district<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br />
{{coords|24.12|78.04|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1957]]<br />
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rachana_Parulkar&diff=527876
Rachana Parulkar
2026-02-10T02:43:14Z
<p>Maryslanker: put up the entry v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1990)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rachana Parulkar<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|10|10|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|dancer}}<br />
| years_active = 2009– present<br />
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]''|''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''|''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rachana Parulkar''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2009 with ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]'' portraying Savri Singh. Parulkar is best known for her portrayal of Kalpana Jadhav Singhania in ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]'' and [[Ajabde|Maharani Ajabde Punwar]] in ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rachana Parulkar aka Maharani Ajabde is crazy about M&M's!|access-date=20 May 2018|work=The Times Of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachana-parulkar-is-crazy-about-mms/articleshow/46154318.cms}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Parulkar is a trained [[Kathak]] dancer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Three-day Antarang festival in Hyderabad regaled city's Kathak admirers|date=7 March 2018|work=The Times Of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/three-day-antarang-festival-regaled-citys-kathak-admirers/articleshow/63188155.cms}}</ref> and a student of [[Uma Dogra]]. She completed her training from Uma Dogra's School of Kathak.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Denishua|first1=HPA|title=School of Kathak {{!}} Uma Dogra|url=http://www.umadogra.com/cms/?page_id=24|website=umadogra.com|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415022829/http://www.umadogra.com/cms/?page_id=24|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Parulkar made her acting debut in 2009 with ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]'' portraying Savri Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/call-me-saawri-rachna-parulkar/articleshow/4436305.cms|title=Rachana Parulkar on Saat Phere - Saloni Ka Safar: Call me Saawari|access-date=10 June 2018|work=The Times Of India}}</ref> She then appeared as Rano in ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'', the same year.<br />
<br />
From 2010 to 2012, she portrayed Akruti in ''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina]]'' alongside Dishank Arora.<ref>{{Cite web|title=आम लड़की की कहानी है पार्वती वजे, गौरव बजाज और रचना पारुलकर का नया धारावाहिक 'सपनों से भरे नैना'|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/PUN-AMR-MAT-latest-amritsar-news-042509-1586260-NOR.html|work=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref> In 2012, she appeared in an episode of ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|Gumrah]]'' as Kanak Dagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/songs-serials-daily-soaps-na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuch-kaha-364485-2012-01-04|title=Popular Hindi songs, now titles of TV shows: From Bade Achhe Lagte Hain to Sapnon Se Bhare Naina|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Parulkar portrayal of Kalpana "Kalpi" Jadhav Singhania<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rachana Parulkar & newbie Shirini Singh as leads in Ek Mutthi Aasmaan|work=Times Of aindia|access-date=5 July 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saath-phere-ek-mutthi-aasmaan-shirini-singh-zee-tv-zee-rishtey-awards/articleshow/25694822.cms}}</ref> in [[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|''Ek Mutthi Aasmaan'']] opposite [[Ashish Chaudhary]] from 2013 to 2014, proved as a major turning point in her career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/new-twist-in-ek-mutthi-aasmaan/videoshow/36113905.cms|title=New twist in Rachana Parulkar and Ashish Chaudhary's 'Ek Mutthi Aasmaan'|date=5 June 2014|website=Times Of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
Parulkar achieved further success with her portrayal of [[Ajabde|Maharani Ajabde Punwar]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-01|title=Rachana Parulkar excited over new look in '…Maharana Pratap'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rachana-parulkar-excited-over-new-look-in-maharana-pratap/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> opposite [[Sharad Malhotra]] in ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' from 2014 to 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consummation scene tough to enact: Rachana Parulkar on Maharana Pratap|access-date=2021-05-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/consummation-scene-tough-to-enact-rachana-parulkar/lite/}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, she portrayed [[Parvati]] in '' [[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' alongside [[Tarun Khanna (actor)|Tarun Khanna]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rachana Parulkar is the new Parvati after Chhavi Pandey quits show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachana-parulkar-is-the-new-parvati-after-chhavi-pandey-quits-show/articleshow/71718221.cms|access-date=2021-05-31|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She also appeared in an uncredited role in ''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]''.<br />
<br />
From 2022 to 2023, she portrayed Shivani Pawar in ''[[Maddam Sir]]''.<ref name="RPMS">{{Cite web|title=Rachanaa Parulkkar, Praachi Bohra and Sulbha Arya to join SAB TV's Maddam Sir|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachanaa-parulkkar-praachi-bohra-and-sulbha-arya-to-join-maddam-sir/articleshow/94555439.cms|access-date=1 October 2022|work=Times Of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Media image ==<br />
In UK-based newspaper ''[[Eastern Eye]]''{{'}}s 50 Sexiest Asian Women List, Parulkar ranked 29th in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Chopra is crowned the world's sexiest asian woman 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 December 2014|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/priyanka-chopra-is-crowned-the-world-s-sexiest-asian-woman/story-ARyGrNHn7dpKSJgTyL5k8M_amp.html}}</ref> and ranked 40th in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Sexiest Asian Women of 2015 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-sexiest-asian-women/20151210.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510223605/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/meet-the-sexiest-asian-women/20151210.htm |archive-date=10 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2016 |work=Rediff |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Serial <br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "2" | 2009<br />
| ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]''<br />
| Savri Singh<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Rachanaa Parulkar: I am just thankful that my family and I managed to survive Cyclone Fani|work=Times Of India|date=8 May 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachanaa-parulkar-i-am-just-thankful-that-my-family-and-i-managed-to-survive-cyclone-fani/articleshow/69217946.cms}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]''<br />
| Rano <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2012<br />
| ''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina]]''<br />
| Akruti<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|Gumrah]]''<br />
|Kanak Dagar<br />
|Season 1<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/crime-is-the-next-big-space-on-tv-ekta-kapoor-115492-2012-09-07|title=Crime is the next big space on TV: Ekta Kapoor on her show Gumrah|date=September 7, 2012|website=India Today}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2014<br />
| ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''<br />
| Kalpana "Kalpi" Jadhav Singhania <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachana-parulkar-i-would-like-to-walk-out-with-dignity/articleshow/38977721.cms|title=Rachana Parulkar on her exit from Ek Mutthi Aasmaan: I would like to walk out with dignity|date=5 June 2017|website=Times Of India}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]''<br />
| Herself <br />
|Special appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2015<br />
| ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''<br />
| [[Ajabde|Maharani Ajabde Punwar]]<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Rachana Praulkar enjoys playing the character of Ajabde in Maharana Pratap|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rachana-praulkar-enjoys-playing-the-character-of-ajabde/articleshow/44754117.cms#_ga=2.79812255.967032253.1657166698-amp-YotT8F6IwjO1BQS5DSxlwQ|date=10 October 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]''<br />
| Devi [[Parvati]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2022; 2023<br />
| ''[[Maddam Sir]]''<br />
| Shivani Pawar <br />
|<br />
|<ref name="RPMS" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2025–present<br />
| ''Pyaar Kii Raahein''<br />
| Priya Rudra Shekhawat<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rachanaa Parulkar: बालाजी के साथ काम करना हर किसी को पसंद आता है|url=https://mayapuri.com/interviews/pyaar-ki-raahein-priya-aka-rachanaa-parulkar-on-new-show-as-a-lead-wokring-with-balaji-dangal-tv-8698737/amp?|work=Mayapuri|accessdate=7 February 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title <br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]''<br />
|{{unknown}}<br />
|Uncredited role<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
|[[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]<br />
|''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|9892161|Rachana Parulkar}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|Television}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parulkar, Rachana}}<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1990 births]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_School_of_Journalism_protests&diff=496084
Delhi School of Journalism protests
2026-02-09T13:29:30Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created New Biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Orphan|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
<br />
'''Protests by Students of Delhi School of Journalism''', were a series of continuous protests done by students against the [[Delhi School of Journalism]] administration and [[University of Delhi]] administration in the time period between 2018 and 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-26|title=Everything you want to know about Delhi School of Journalism|url=https://dubeat.com/2017/08/everything-you-want-to-know-about-delhi-school-of-journalism/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was done demanding basic infrastructure, hostel, reduction of semester fees and hiring of permanent faculty. The protests gathered support from multiple student organisations such as [[All India Students Association|AISA]], [[National Students' Union of India|NSUI]], and [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|Chatra RJD]].{{fact|date=January 2023}}<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
Delhi School of Journalism started in 2017 through a makeshift arrangement hosted at University Stadium in North Campus of University of Delhi. It did not have any proper classrooms and infrastructure needed for functioning of a Journalism course.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rai|first=Arpan|date=2018-08-03|title=We Are Being Cheated, Claim Students of Delhi School of Journalism|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/education/delhi-school-of-journalism-students-protest|access-date=2020-08-20|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> The administration promised to resolve all issues and provide necessary infrastructure in few months. Students of inaugural batch started to demand minimum infrastructure since March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=स्कूल ऑफ जर्नलिज्म पर छात्रों ने उठाए सवाल|url=https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-du-soj-17484676.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=m.jagran.com|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=पत्रकारिता के छात्र बोले फीस वृद्धि के खिलाफ बोलने पर धमकाया जा रहा|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/new-delhi/story-du-studnets-journalism-protest-1792286.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=जर्नलिजम स्कूल लॉन्च, स्टूडेंट्स ने किया प्रोटेस्ट|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/journalism-school-launch-students-protest/articleshow/62199589.cms|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-08|title=Delhi School Of Journalism Students Raised Concerns On Many Issues,Alleges Administration Issued Threats|url=https://duexpress.in/delhi-school-of-journalism-students-raised-concerns-on-many-issuesalleges-administration-issued-threats/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-29|title=NSUI Alleges Appalling Infrastructure at DSJ, Deems it Unfit for New Courses|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/06/nsui-alleges-appalling-infrastructure-at-dsj-deems-it-unfit-for-new-courses/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, a temporary library was started with seating capacity of 6 people for a batch of 120 students. Later, with no progress happening and with start of technical papers in the second year, the demand of basic infrastructure and media lab took momentum and students started their agitation which continued for more than a year in phases.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-23|title=Delhi School Of Journalism Students Writes Letter To Vice Chancellor Complaining About The Way College Is Operating|url=https://duexpress.in/delhi-school-of-journalism-students-writes-letter-to-vice-chancellor-complaining-about-the-way-college-is-operating/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-27|title=DU journalism students flag infrastructure issues with V-C|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/du-journalism-students-flag-infrastructure-issues-with-v-c-5278433/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NYOOOZ - Simply News Local News, India News, City News, Politics|url=https://www.nyoooz.com/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=NYOOOZ|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-28|title=Delhi School of Journalism: High Fees, Inadequate Infrastructure and Barely Any Teachers|url=https://www.newsclick.in/delhi-school-journalism-high-fees-inadequate-infrastructure-and-barely-any-teachers|access-date=2020-08-20|website=NewsClick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-30|title=DSJ Students Continue to Protest Against 'Poor' Infrastructure; Classes Suspended|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/07/dsj-students-continue-to-protest-against-poor-infrastructure-classes-suspended/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Correspondent|first=dna|date=2018-07-31|title=Delhi School of Journalism students threaten sit-in if 'basic facilities' are not given|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-delhi-school-of-journalism-students-threaten-sit-in-if-basic-facilities-are-not-given-2643716|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Demands ==<br />
The students started indefinite sit in protest and classes were suspended. The demands of students included media lab, access to university central library, sporting facilities, a proper cafeteria, review of fees, permanent appointment of faculty, hostel facility for outsiders, removal of compulsory foreign language courses and I.C.T lab.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-03|title=Classes at DU's journalism school suspended over poor infra claims|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/classes-at-dus-journalism-school-suspended-over-poor-infra-claims-5289236/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=श्रीवास्तव|first=सृष्टि|date=2018-08-11|title=दिल्ली स्कूल ऑफ जर्नलिज़्म में पढ़ाई करने आए विद्यार्थी प्रदर्शन क्यों कर रहे हैं?|url=http://thewirehindi.com/53062/delhi-university-delhi-school-of-journalism-students-protest/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Wire - Hindi|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jafri|first=Alishan|title=Delhi School of Journalism: A cash cow with dry udders and sad calves|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/08/28/delhi-school-of-journalism-protest-students|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Newslaundry|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-28|title=Delhi School of Journalism: High Fees, Inadequate Infrastructure and Barely Any Teachers|url=https://www.newsclick.in/delhi-school-journalism-high-fees-inadequate-infrastructure-and-barely-any-teachers|access-date=2020-08-20|website=NewsClick|language=en}}</ref> There were also allegations of mismanagement of funds and students demanded an independent investigation body and immediate removal of Honorary Director Professor J. P. Dubey and [[Officer on Special Duty]] Manasvini M. Yogi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2018|title=Delhi school of journalism: DU journalism students claim funds bungled|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/du-journalism-students-claim-funds-bungled/articleshow/65284350.cms|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Suspension ==<br />
Eight students were suspended including Prashant Yadav, Suman Shekhar, Neel Madhav, Shivani, Mohammad Ali, Ankit Shukla and Alishan Jafri between protests for allegedly blocking the directors door and not letting the classes function.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2018-08-29|title=8 students of DU's journalism school suspended for 'disrupting classes'|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/8-students-of-du-s-journalism-school-suspended-for-disrupting-classes-118082900028_1.html|access-date=2020-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MP|first=Team|date=2018-08-28|title=8 DSJ students suspended for blocking director's entrance|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/delhi/8-dsj-students-suspended-for-blocking-directors-entrance-316266|access-date=2020-08-20|website=www.millenniumpost.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rai|first=Arpan|date=2018-08-29|title=Suspension of 8 Revoked in Delhi School of Journalism Protests|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/delhi-school-of-journalism-suspends-students-amid-protests|access-date=2020-08-20|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-29|title=Delhi: Eight journalism students in DU suspended for 'disruption'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-journalism-students-delhi-university-suspended-disruption-5329841/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About us|url=https://www.newsx.com/about-us|access-date=2020-08-20|website=NewsX|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-29|title=DU journalism school students go on strike|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/du-journalism-school-students-go-on-strike/story-ZckUjxqCR9MXzeR7UrRQSL.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The suspension gathered solidarity from across the spectrum. The suspension was later revoked and a written promise was made to resolve all their issues in a limited time frame by Neeta Sehgal, the proctor of University of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=DU journalism students protest against lack of basic infrastructure|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/news/du-journalism-students-protest-against-the-lack-of-basic-infrastructure-146879|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 August 2018|first=Kanika|last=Mehta|title=Delhi School of Journalism suspends 8 students for indiscipline|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/delhi-school-of-journalism-suspends-8-students-for-indiscipline-1326003-2018-08-29|access-date=2020-08-20|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-30|title=दिल्ली स्कूल ऑफ जर्नलिज्म के छात्रों का निलंबन वापस|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/education-and-jobs/news/suspension-of-students-of-delhi-school-of-journalism-864836|access-date=2020-08-20|website=punjabkesari}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Hunger strike ==<br />
Students resorted to agitation again after their demands were not met as promised.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-17|title=DSJ students protest against 'inadequate' facilities|url=https://www.india.com/news/agencies/dsj-students-protest-against-inadequate-facilities-3331176/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=india.com|language=en}}</ref> The students in a bid to meet the Vice Chancellor of Delhi University climbed the gates of his office and a police action was followed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=Protesting journalism students climb gate in Delhi University|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/protesting-journalism-students-climb-gate-in-delhi-university-5361445/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2018-09-17|title=DSJ students protest against 'inadequate' facilities|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/dsj-students-protest-against-inadequate-facilities-118091701308_1.html|access-date=2020-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=A Fresh Wave of Protests at Delhi School of Journalism|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/09/protests-at-the-delhi-school-of-journalism/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DSJ students protest against 'inadequate' facilities|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/dsj-students-protest-against-inadequate-facilities/1385143|access-date=2020-08-20|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=Students at Delhi university journalism college allege police assault|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/students-at-delhi-university-journalism-college-allege-police-assault/story-X7lkb82aukcj0U1jEjMMNO.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DSJ students protest against 'inadequate' facilities|url=https://www.theweek.in/content/archival/wire-updates/national/2018/09/17/des61-dl-dsj-protest.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> Six of protesting students started an indefinite [[hunger strike]] soon after and other students started a reach out campaign to engage other Delhi University students. The hunger strike gathered mass support from various leaders and organisations such as [[Manoj Jha]], DUTA, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union|JNUSU]], Jamia, [[All India Students Association|AISA]], [[National Students' Union of India|NSUI]] other students and colleges in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-09-22|title=DSJ students on strike get support|language=en|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/dsj-students-on-strike-get-support/article25011262.ece|access-date=2020-08-20|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The hunger strike continued for five days and was broken on sixth day with a resolve to organise a mass rally against privatization, Delhi University administration and the [[Ministry of Education (India)|MHRD]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-23|title=DSJ Students End Hunger Strike, Rally on 25th September|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/09/dsj-students-end-hunger-strike-rally-on-25th-september/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref> Students organised a mass "Chhatra Sangrash Rally" in the North Campus of University of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-25|title=DSJ Students Organise a Rally Against Privatisation of Education|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/09/dsj-students-organise-a-rally-against-privatisation-of-education/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-09-26|title=DSJ students hold protest on North Campus|language=en|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/dsj-students-hold-protest-on-north-campus/article25042880.ece|access-date=2020-08-20|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
The protests resulted into bringing small substantial changes but failed to make any large impact. The protests is credited to put the University administration on backfoot on their plans of new self financing courses. The students continued to raise their grievance at different levels even after.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 December 2019|title=Delhi: Journalism school's wait for infra refuses to end|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/journalism-schools-wait-for-infra-refuses-to-end/articleshow/72972295.cms|access-date=2020-08-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-23|title=DSJ Students Table Their Grievances Before the Former President and Kapil Sibal|url=https://dubeat.com/2018/12/dsj-students-table-their-grievances-before-the-former-president-and-kapil-sibal/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Student protests in India]]<br />
[[Category:Delhi University]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemant_Chaturvedi&diff=502540
Hemant Chaturvedi
2026-02-07T22:49:48Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created Initial Details W/ Refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film cinematographer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Hemant Chaturvedi<br />
| image =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|3|6|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Gorakhpur, India<br />
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hemant Chaturvedi''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]] in the [[Hindi film]] industry, he received great critical acclaim for his first feature, ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002). ''"His frames thrive on the sense of realism'', wrote [[The Hindu]], ''"and the colours capture the gore, dust and highways of the crime world effectively"''.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513215728/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fr/2002/04/19/stories/2002041900820200.htm Company]}} ''[[The Hindu]]'', 19 April 2002.</ref> Thereafter he worked with [[Vishal Bhardwaj]] in two successive films, and winning acclaim for ''[[Maqbool]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/shabanas-tryst-with-aparna-once-again/articleshow/993082.cms|title=Shabana's tryst with Aparna once again|date=17 Jan 2005|work=The Times of India|first1=Amrita|last1=Mukherjee}}</ref> Recently he received good reviews of ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]'' (2009), as per film critic [[Nikhat Kazmi]], his work "serenades" both New Delhi and New York where the films was shot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Kurbaan/movie-review/5243561.cms|title=Movie Review: Kurbaan|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat|date=19 Nov 2009|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Hemant pursued Mass Communication from [[A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre]] at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre|url=https://www.jmi.ac.in/aboutjamia/centres/mcrc/faq|access-date=2021-03-12|website=[[Jamia Millia Islamia]]}}</ref> Over the years, Hemant has worked with directors like [[Ram Gopal Varma]], [[Vishal Bhardwaj]] and [[Aparna Sen]], also shot films such as Company, [[Maqbool]], [[Makdee]] and ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]'' and various television shows like "[[Rendezvous with Simi Garewal]]", "[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]" amongst others. In 2015, he decided to move on from Cinematography and quit the industry completely. Since then he has finished shooting a documentary on old Mumbai based Cinematographers, and is busy consolidating his vast work as a still photographer. <br />
In last year, he has been part of four group shows and has had one solo show of his still photography works with Wonderwall Gallery, New Delhi. In 2018 he finished two commemorative still photography projects for his alma mater, St.Xavier's College, Mumbai. These involved a Sesquicentennial Calendar Project and a series of portraits of retired Jesuits, teachers and staff. Both were received with tremendous appreciation and acclaim. <br />
There is a continuing project on the Guru-Shishya Parampara in Dhrupad (a form of Indian Classical Music) and has finished photographing two Gurukuls so far. Also in progress is a complex project on the subject of Single Screen Cinemas, which is a Pan-India Project.<br />
Hemant Chaturvedi only works on his own, self-initiated projects, and now only as a still photographer.<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Language<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2002<br />
| ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Makdee]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Maqbool]]''<br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[15 Park Avenue]]'' <br />
| English<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2006<br />
| ''[[Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anthony Kaun Hai]]''<br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Positive (2007 film)|Positive]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
| Short film<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2012<br />
| ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Arjun: The Warrior Prince]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2014<br />
| ''[[Ungli]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dekh Tamasha Dekh]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Brothers (2015 film)|Brothers]]'' <br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|1154867}}<br />
* [http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/client_coverstory/client_coverstory_details.asp?code=816 Interview on Company (film)] at [[Time Out (company)|Time Out]] Mumbai<br />
* [http://www.wonderwall.co.in/ViewPhotographerewise.aspx?Aid=75 Hemant Chaturvedi at Wonderwall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623193910/http://www.wonderwall.co.in/ViewPhotographerewise.aspx?Aid=75 |date=23 June 2018 }}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaturvedi, Hemant}}<br />
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Cinematographers from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]<br />
[[Category:1968 births]]<br />
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_cuisine&diff=454947
Punjabi cuisine
2026-02-01T13:26:53Z
<p>Maryslanker: further adjust references per standard format and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Regional cuisine from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Punjabis}}<br />
{{Indian cuisine}}<br />
{{Pakistani cuisine}}<br />
'''Punjabi cuisine''' is a [[culinary]] style originating in the [[Punjab]], a region in [[South Asia]], which is now divided into an [[Punjab, India|Indian part]] to the east and a [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani part]] to the west. This cuisine has a rich tradition of many distinct and local ways of cooking.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[File:A Punjabi woman cooking, Punjab, circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|A Punjabi woman cooking, Punjab, circa 19th century]]<br />
The local cuisine of Punjab is heavily influenced by the [[agriculture]] and [[farming]] lifestyle prevalent from the times of the ancient [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. Dishes similar to [[tandoori chicken]] may have existed during the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Harappan]] civilization during the [[Bronze Age]] of [[History of India#Indus Valley Civilisation|India]]. According to the archeologist Professor Vasant Shinde, the earliest evidence for a dish similar to tandoori chicken can be found in the Harappan civilization and dates back to 3000 BC. His team has found ancient ovens at Harappan sites which are similar to the tandoors that are used in the state of Punjab. Physical remains of chicken bones with char marks have also been unearthed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawler |first=Andrew |date=30 January 2013 |title=The Mystery of Curry |journal=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2013/01/indus_civilization_food_how_scientists_are_figuring_out_what_curry_was_like.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritu |first=Grishm |title=Virasat |url=http://www.intach.org/pdf/virasat-april-june2017-eng.pdf}}</ref><ref name="eco">{{Cite news |last=Bhuyan |first=Avantika |date=9 April 2017 |title=How archaeologists across the country are unearthing the food of ancestors to shed light on the evolution of eating |newspaper=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-archaeologists-across-the-country-are-unearthing-the-food-of-ancestors-to-shed-light-on-the-evolution-of-eating/articleshow/58085366.cms}}</ref> Harappan houses had keyhole ovens with central pillars which were used for roasting meats and baking breads.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Kenoyer 2015 Indus Civilization.pdf: ANTHRO100: General Anthropology (002) |url=https://canvas.wisc.edu/courses/48978/files/2427913?module_item_id=697603 |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=canvas.wisc.edu}}</ref> [[Sushruta Samhita]] records meat being cooked in an oven (kandu) after marinating it in spices like black mustard (rai) powder and fragrant spices.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full text of "Indian Food Tradition A Historical Companion Achaya K. T." |url=https://archive.org/stream/IndianFoodTraditionAHistoricalCompanionAchayaK.T./Indian%20Food%20Tradition%20A%20Historical%20Companion%20Achaya%20K.T._djvu.txt |access-date=2019-02-06 |website=archive.org}}</ref> According to Ahmed (2014), Harappan oven structures may have operated in a similar manner to the modern tandoors of the Punjab.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Mukhtar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbLVBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |title=Ancient Pakistan – An Archaeological History |publisher=Foursome Group |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4960-8208-4 |volume=IV |pages=211–}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Basmati]] rice is the indigenous variety of Punjab, and various meat- and vegetable-based rice dishes have been developed using it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianfoodforever.com/punjabi/jeera-rice.html |title=Jeera Rice Recipe |website=Indianfoodforever |date=2 September 2019 |publisher=Indian food forever}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.indianfoodforever.com/punjabi/kadhi-chawal.html|title = KADHI CHAWAL RECIPE|website = Indianfoodforever| date=2 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.khanapakana.com/cooking-video/b3d080b5-19b6-4e02-9335-848541c061bb/punjabi-pulao-biryani|title = Punjabi Pulao Biryani|website = Khanapakana|access-date = 26 August 2015|archive-date = 28 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201128122925/http://www.khanapakana.com/cooking-video/b3d080b5-19b6-4e02-9335-848541c061bb/punjabi-pulao-biryani|url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Tandoorimumbai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Chicken tikka]] is a popular dish in Punjabi cuisine]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Mintparatha2.0.jpg|200px|thumb|Mint paratha from [[Punjab, India]]]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Plainlassi.jpg|200px|thumb|Lassi from [[Punjab]]]]<br />
<br />
==Style of cooking==<br />
There are many styles of cooking in Punjab. In the villages many people still employ the traditional methods and equipment for cooking purposes. This includes [[wood-fired oven|wood-fired]] and [[masonry oven]]s. Modern methods include cooking on gas cookers. Tandoori style of cooking involves use of the [[Punjabi tandoori cooking|tandoor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/11/24/stories/2008112450160200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629015351/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/11/24/stories/2008112450160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-06-29 |title=Metro Plus Delhi / Food : A plateful of grain |date=2008-11-24 |access-date=2009-05-07 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In India, tandoori cooking is traditionally associated with Punjab<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcAGtDUWtYEC&pg=PA47|title= The Rough Guide to Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |first1=Daniel |last1=Jacobs|first2= Gavin |last2=Thomas|publisher=Rough Guides Limited|year= 2010}}</ref> as [[Punjabis]] embraced the tandoor on a regional level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiacurry.com/faqhistory/mughalcuisine.htm|title=What is Mughalai Cuisine?|access-date=30 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004646/http://www.indiacurry.com/faqhistory/mughalcuisine.htm|archive-date=10 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> This style of cooking became popular throughout India after the 1947 partition when Punjabis resettled in places such as Delhi. According to Planalp (1971), "the Panjab-style underground oven known as tandur is becoming increasingly popular in New Delhi" pointing to the Punjabi style of the tandoor.<ref>{{cite book|last=Planalp|first= Jack M. |year=1971|title= Heat Stress and Culture in North India. U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yHINm51ec4C&q=panjab+tandoor}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/dining/a-mad-fat-oven-brings-indias-heat-to-the-backyard.html|title=A Tandoor Oven Brings India's Heat to the Backyard|first=Steven|last=Raichlen|work=The New York Times |date=10 May 2011|access-date=19 March 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> In rural Punjab, it is common to have communal tandoors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/gurmukhi/kehal-1/book.php?fldr=book|title=Alop Ho Reha Punjabi Virsa Harkesh Singh Kehal}}</ref><ref>Pind Diyan Gallian PTC Channel - Bilga (Jalandhar)</ref> which are also called ''Kath'' ''tandoors'' in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<br />
<br />
==Staple foods==<br />
[[File:Punjabi Thali.JPG|thumb|Punjabi food thali]]<br />
Punjab is a major producer of wheat, rice and dairy products. These products also form the staple diet of the Punjabi people. The state of Punjab has one of the highest capita usage of dairy products in India.<ref>Times of India {{cite web|date=30 June 2014|title=Punjab records highest per capita milk availability: Report|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Punjab-records-highest-per-capita-milk-availability-Report/articleshow/37517980.cms|access-date=29 August 2014|publisher=Times of India}}</ref> Therefore, dairy products form an important component of Punjabi diet.<br />
<br />
Dairy products are a staple in Punjabi cuisine.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Hosking|title=Authenticity in the Kitchen: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HflTVd898PAC&pg=PT391|year=2006|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=978-1-903018-47-7|pages=391–}}</ref> Both cow milk and [[water buffalo]] milk are popular. Milk is used for drinking, to add to tea or coffee, to make homemade [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt), for butter and making traditional Punjabi cottage cheese called [[paneer]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Hosking|title=Authenticity in the Kitchen: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HflTVd898PAC&pg=PT391|year=2006|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=978-1-903018-47-7|page=3917}}</ref> Traditionally, yogurt is made every day using the previous day's yogurt as the starting bacterial culture to ferment the milk. Curd is used as dressing for many [[raita]] dishes, to prepare [[kadhi]], to prepare cultured buttermilk ([[Mattha|chaas]]), and as a side dish in a meal.<ref>{{cite web|last=Misra|first= R.|year= 2011|title= Indian Foods: AAPI’s Guide Indian Foods: AAPI’s Guide To Nutrition, Health and Diabetes|url=http://heartdrsingh.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/APPI_Guide_To_Health_And_Nutrition__2nd_Edition.pdf|page= 46|website=heartdrsingh.com}}</ref> Buttermilk is used in making various kinds of ''[[lassi]]''.<ref name="Misra2012">{{cite book|author=Anoop Misra|title=Dietary Considerations in Diabetes - ECAB|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz7unrFubdEC&pg=PA75|date=5 July 2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-81-312-3209-5|page=79}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kaur|first= K.|year= 2004|title= Postmodernity and Popular Culture in Amritsar|work= Indian Social Science Review, 6(1), pp.107-34|url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63734046/Postmodernity20200624-19905-1jekypp.pdf?1593064017=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DPostmodernity_and_Popular_Culture_in_Amr.pdf&Expires=1593533257&Signature=Pji1GUt6pFdRO2K8wU3xTokYSEUvtF3nSkKbLUe18Wb37WfYkkd2FcjSSqKuvhhg6op7hmgfwQ5tcMzwtwkHbUsf1gReaw~~pA-qKdGx3g2riwuZQq2OHexBYbm~JafFzongt7tsOJAjyAyNlyANCKrxgY4EAWajHPLnPbjpDdJI8nuXXGsrvdNjUlF7AAIWdiBrVVS9L-q-dcrSSu0mnuoYjZUs0~N3SiQLTxd91X-SQJ8hl4PzvGjBVoAdLPq19rHT2EAvtD5nhY~sLCNFsaXbJ4j6Hfm~QpMlbQJ9LUgAsSkPnx4cGShlEzkc~IgbwEydZ2H76aaym3m6pTArpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630151037/https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63734046/Postmodernity20200624-19905-1jekypp.pdf?1593064017=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DPostmodernity_and_Popular_Culture_in_Amr.pdf&Expires=1593533257&Signature=Pji1GUt6pFdRO2K8wU3xTokYSEUvtF3nSkKbLUe18Wb37WfYkkd2FcjSSqKuvhhg6op7hmgfwQ5tcMzwtwkHbUsf1gReaw~~pA-qKdGx3g2riwuZQq2OHexBYbm~JafFzongt7tsOJAjyAyNlyANCKrxgY4EAWajHPLnPbjpDdJI8nuXXGsrvdNjUlF7AAIWdiBrVVS9L-q-dcrSSu0mnuoYjZUs0~N3SiQLTxd91X-SQJ8hl4PzvGjBVoAdLPq19rHT2EAvtD5nhY~sLCNFsaXbJ4j6Hfm~QpMlbQJ9LUgAsSkPnx4cGShlEzkc~IgbwEydZ2H76aaym3m6pTArpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA|archive-date=2020-06-30}}</ref><ref name="ShiHo2010">{{cite book|author1=John Shi|author2=Chi-Tang Ho|author3=Fereidoon Shahidi|title=Functional Foods of the East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&pg=PA51|date=21 October 2010|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4200-7193-1|pages=58–60}}</ref> It may also be used in curry preparations.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Yildiz|editor-first1=Fatih|title=Development and manufacture of yogurt and other functional dairy products|date=2010|publisher=CRC Press/Taylor & Francis|location=Boca Raton, FL|isbn=978-1-4200-8207-4|page=11|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=zMCDLlcRaQkC|page=1}}|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> Milk is also the prerequisite ingredient for [[butter]] and [[ghee]] (clarified butter).<br />
<br />
==Food additives and condiments==<br />
[[Food additive]]s and [[condiments]] are usually added to enhance the flavor of the food. Food coloring is added to sweet dishes and desserts. [[Starch]] is used as a bulking agent.<br />
<br />
==Common dishes==<br />
<br />
===Breakfast===<br />
[[File:Aloo Paratha with Butter from India.jpg|thumb|Aloo parontha with butter]]<br />
Breakfast recipes with respect to different regions within Punjab vary. Commonly eaten are chana masala, nan, [[Chole bhature|chole kulche]], [[Paratha|aloo paratha, paneer paratha, gobi paratha, paratha with curd, paratha with butter]], [[halwa poori]],<ref>{{cite web|website=www.khanapakana.com|url=http://www.khanapakana.com/cooking-video/7b402de4-c9da-434c-9d3b-670dbbe18591/halwa-puri-and-chanay |title= Halwa Puri|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201128124501/http://www.khanapakana.com/cooking-video/7b402de4-c9da-434c-9d3b-670dbbe18591/halwa-puri-and-chanay |archive-date=28 November 2020 }}</ref> [[bhatoora]], [[falooda]], [[Buttermilk|makhni doodh]], Amritsari [[lassi]], [[masala chai]], [[tea]], Amritsari [[kulcha]]s, [[dahi vada]], [[dahi (curd)|dahi]], [[khoa]], [[Paya (Food)|paya]], aloo [[paratha]] with butter, and with milk.<br />
<br />
In the upper Punjab Pakistan the Lahori katlama is eaten for breakfast as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://kfoods.com/lahori_katlama_rid10677|title = Lahori Katlama Recipe|website = kfoods.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Meat===<br />
[[Poultry]], [[lamb and mutton|lamb]] and [[goat meat]] are the preferred meat sources in different regions of Punjab.<br />
<br />
Many dishes of meat variety is available and some of them are named below.<br />
[[File:Chickentandoori.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Tandoori chicken]]]]<br />
* [[Biryani]]:<ref name="autogenerated1"/> lamb, chicken, and beef<br />
* [[Pilaf]]: Beef and Lamb<br />
* [[Kebab]]: braised chicken, beef, or lamb meat, commonly served with [[naan]] and flat bread.<br />
* [[Keema]]: Braised minced lamb meat, commonly served with naan.<br />
* [[Lamb and mutton|Lamb]]: including [[rogan josh]], Bhuna Gosht,<ref name="autogenerated1">Know your state Punjab by gurkirat Singh and Anil Mittal Airhunt Publications {{ISBN|978-9350947555}}</ref> Kadhai Gosht, Raan Gosht, Dal Gosht, Saag Gosht, [[Nihari]], Rara Gosht, Paye da Shorba<br />
*[[Shami kebab]], [[chicken karahi]], Amritsari [[tandoori chicken]],<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Punjabi Karhi (the chicken yogurt curry of Punjab),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://showmethecurry.com/curries/punjabi-kadhi.html|title=Punjabi Kadhi – ShowMeTheCurry.com|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref> [[Butter Chicken]] (Murgh Makhni),<ref name="autogenerated1"/> [[chicken tikka]], [[Paya (Food)|Paye]].<br />
* Kunna [[Gosht]], slow cooked meat prepared in Kunna (mitti ki bartan (clay utensil))<br />
* [[Haleem]] is made of meat (beef or chicken) slow cooked with a mixture of legumes softened by overnight cooking it is a protein rich food with spices and aromatics like nutmeg served with wedge of lemon and sautéed onions.<br />
<br />
===Fish===<br />
{{See also|List of fishes of India|List of fish in Pakistan}}<br />
Since Punjab is a landlocked region, [[freshwater fish]], and not [[marine fish]], forms an important part of the cuisine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanfishing.com/fishing-trip-pakistan-punjab-2|title=A Fishing Trip to Pakistan – Punjab (Part 1)|date=20 May 2011|access-date=19 March 2017|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519135015/https://www.pakistanfishing.com/fishing-trip-pakistan-punjab-2|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Carp]], [[rohu]] and [[catfish]] are the most commonly prepared fish. Other fish types include [[Catla|thela machi]] and [[tilapia]]. Recently, [[Shrimp and prawn as food|shrimp]] has been introduced.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/new-tech-gives-a-boost-to-shrimp-farming-in-punjab-haryana-114073001635_1.html|title=New tech gives a boost to shrimp farming in Punjab & Haryana|author=Vijay C Roy|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=30 July 2014|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Fish tikka is an Amritsari speciality.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><br />
<br />
===Vegetarian===<br />
{{See also|List of vegetables|List of leaf vegetables|List of root vegetables|List of culinary fruits|List of citrus fruits}}<br />
[[File:Amritsari Kulche (6312710807).jpg|thumb|Kulcha amritsari]]<br />
[[File:Panir Paneer Indian cheese fresh.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Paneer]], one of the South Asian cheese variants commonly used in cooking in Punjab]]<br />
[[File:Panjeeri..JPG|thumb|Panjeeri]]<br />
* [[Khichdi]], a grain-and-lentil dish:<ref name="ReferenceA">Alop ho riha Punjabi virsa by Harkesh Singh Kehal Pub Lokgeet Parkashan {{ISBN|81-7142-869-X}}</ref> In the [[Punjab]], khichdi is made of millet flour, [[mung bean]]s and moth lentils (''[[Vigna aconitifolia]]''). However, khichdi made of rice and red lentils or mung beans is also consumed.<br />
*[[Rajma]] is the Hindi word for red [[kidney bean]]s. Beans are cooked in medium spicy onion-tomato gravy and most often served with steamed rice and sometimes with Indian flatbread called [[chapati]] (phulka in Punjab region).<br />
*Paneer (freshly made cottage cheese) Recipes like [[shahi paneer]], [[khoya paneer]], paneer kofta (paneer chunks battered and fried, then simmered in a spicy gravy), Amritsari paneer, [[matar paneer]] (paneer with green peas), paneer [[paratha]] (wheat flatbread stuffed with paneer), palak paneer<br />
* [[Panjiri]]: This is a traditional North Indian dessert<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qraDwAAQBAJ&q=panjiri+north+india&pg=PA430|title=The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Materiality|date=2020-06-02|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-66010-2|language=en}}</ref> and is popular in Punjab region as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/traditional-punjabi-dish-for-pregnant-women/article4940178.ece|title=Traditional Punjabi dish for pregnant women|author=Rani Devalla|work=The Hindu|date=21 July 2013 |access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> which has a generous amount of almonds, walnuts, pistachios, dry dates, cashew nuts along with whole wheat flour, sugar, edible gum, poppy seeds and fennel seeds to make the traditional dish of 'panjri' or also known as 'dabra'.<br />
* [[Churri]]: It is made in different flavours salty and sweety but most famous type is mixing crushed wheat chapati, sugar and real cow ghee.<br />
* [[Legumes]]: a variety of legumes are used, including [[chickpeas]], [[pigeon peas]], [[red lentils]], [[mung bean]], [[red kidney beans]] (originally an import from the Americas) and [[black gram]]. Legumes may be used singly or in combination like [[Dal makhani|Dal Makhani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chefinyou.com/2008/12/tadka-dal-recipe/|title=Punjabi Dal Tadka recipe - Tarka Daal Fry with Masoor Recipe - Chef In You|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/moong-dal-tadka/|title=moong dal tadka recipe, how to make moong dal recipe|date=2 May 2013|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Masoor Dal Recipe">{{cite web |url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/whole-masoor-dal-recipe-north-indian-style/|title=Masoor Dal Recipe, How to Make Whole Massor Dal or Sabut Masoor Dal |date=23 May 2017 |work=Veg Recipes of India |access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref>Maah Daal [http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/maa-ki-dal-kaali-dal/ : Maah Daal]</ref>[[File:Tadka Dal.jpg|220px|right|thumb|Tarka [[Dal|daal]] ambarsari]]<br />
*[[Saag]]: a variety of leafy greens (including spinach and mustard greens), typically cooked down to a stew, tempered with ginger, tomato, onion, garlic, chilies and other spices, and often enriched with paneer or cream. Bathua is also added to enhance the flavor. It is served with butter on top and with makki ki roti. Saag is a winter and spring delicacy; it is one of the most popular dishes of Punjab.<br />
* Eggplant: [[Baingan bharta]] is similar to [[baba ghanoush]] in the way the eggplant is prepared by roasting and peeling the skin off, but much richer, with the incorporation of much cooked tomato, browned onion and a variety of spices instead of [[tahini]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianfood.about.com/od/vegetarianrecipes/r/bainganbharta.htm|title=Baingan Ka Bharta - Seasoned Roast Eggplant|author=Petrina Verma Sarkar|work=About|access-date=21 December 2014|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128123457/https://www.thespruceeats.com/punjabi-style-eggplant-1957935|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Punj Ratani Dal:<ref name="autogenerated1"/> A thick gravy that uses 5 legumes, with tomato, browned onion and spices.<br />
* Punjabi [[kadhi]] pakora (traditional [[curry]] with rice). Kadhi is a type of curry made with yogurt or buttermilk, which is thickened with chickpea flour and seasoned with ginger, turmeric, chilies, and [[Tempering (spices)|tempered spices]]. Deep-fried lumps of spiced chickpea-flour batter (''pakoras'') are also added.<br />
* Punjabi lassi paneer: In the [[Punjab]], it is traditional to prepare [[lassi]] and then extract the paneer which would then be consumed by adding water, salt and chili. Lassi paneer can also be added to potatoes and spices to make a curry which resembles scrambled eggs. Lassi paneer cannot be cut into cubes as paneer from milk can be.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />
<br />
===Snacks===<br />
* Toasted grains: In [[Punjab]], toasting corn and wheat grains on the [[Punjabi bhathi]] is a traditional snack preparation.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />
* [[Samosa]]s<br />
* [[Golgappa]]<br />
<br />
===Raita and chutney===<br />
Along with all types of main dishes [[raita]] or [[chutney]] is also served.<br />
<br />
== Sweets and desserts ==<br />
[[File:Gajar Ka Halwa.JPG|thumb|''[[Gajar ka halwa|Gajar da halwa]]'' (''Gajrela''), a dessert made from carrot]]<br />
{{Further|List of Indian sweets and desserts}}<br />
<br />
Punjabi cuisine includes various types of [[dessert]]s and [[South Asian sweets|Mithyai]] which include:<br />
* Amritsari<ref name="autogenerated1" /><br />
* [[Kheer]], dessert made of [[rice]], [[milk]] and dry fruits<br />
* [[Khoya]]<ref name="Khoya">{{cite web |url=https://www.flavoursonplate.com/mawa-khoya-recipe/|title=Mawa/Khoya|date=11 Dec 2018|work=Flavours on Plate|access-date=17 Feb 2020}}</ref><br />
* [[Kulfi]], an [[ice-cream]]-like dessert<br />
* [[Malpua]]<ref name="autogenerated1" /><br />
* [[Rabri]]<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref name="Rabri">{{cite web |url=https://www.flavoursonplate.com/rabri-recipe/|title=Rabri|date=4 Dec 2018|work=Flavours on Plate|access-date=17 Feb 2020}}</ref><br />
* [[Semolina]]-based desserts:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/recipe/show/suji-ka-halwa-100564|title=Suji Ka Halwa|work=food.ndtv.com|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> [[Halva]]<ref name="autogenerated1" /><br />
*[[Sheer korma]]<br />
*[[Kaju katli]]<br />
*Atte ka halwa (Kadah)<br />
*Pude – usually made during the rainy season<br />
*[[Pinni]] – Made with desi ghee, wheat flour, almond and jaggery<br />
*[[Gulab jamun]]<br />
*[[Jalebi]]<br />
*[[Burfi]].<br />
*Gajrela <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kapoor |first1=Sanjeev |title=Gajrela |url=https://www.sanjeevkapoor.com/Recipe/Gajrela-KhaanaKhazana.html |website=www.sanjeevkapoor.com |access-date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
Suwaiah-a sweet milk based desert with a special type of pasta<ref>–</ref><br />
<br />
==Bread==<br />
Punjabis eat a variety of [[breads]]. Flatbreads and raised breads are eaten on a daily basis. Raised breads are known as ''khamiri roti''. [[Sunflower seed|Sunflower]] and [[Flax seed|flax]] seeds are also added in some breads occasionally. The breads may be made of different types of flour and can be made in various ways:<br />
* [[Baked]] in the [[Punjabi tandoor|tandoor]] like [[naan]],<ref name="autogenerated1"/> tandoori [[roti]],<ref name="autogenerated1"/> [[kulcha]],<ref name="autogenerated1"/> or lachha [[paratha]]<ref name="autogenerated1"/><br />
* Dry baked (Indian griddle), {{transliteration|pa|jowar di roti, baajre di roti and makki di roti}} (these are also smeared with white butter)<br />
* Shallow fried like [[paratha]]<ref name="Spinach paratha">{{cite web |url=https://www.flavoursonplate.com/palak-paratha-spinach-paratha-recipe/|title=Palak Paratha recipe |date=8 Feb 2019|work=Flavours on Plate|access-date=17 Feb 2020}}</ref><br />
* Deep fried like puri,<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Kachori<ref name="Matar Kachori">{{cite web |url=https://www.flavoursonplate.com/aloo-matar-kachori/|title=Matar kachori|date=24 Oct 2018|work=Flavours on Plate|access-date=17 Feb 2020}}</ref> and [[bhatoora]]<ref name="autogenerated1"/> (a [[Fermentation (food)|fermented]] dough)<br />
* [[Salt-rising bread]]: Salt-rising bread is a unique bread found only in the [[Salt Range]] region of Punjab, Pakistan. Since rock salt is readily available in the salt range, many people in the past made use of salt instead of yeast to leaven the bread.<br />
* [[Papadum|Papar]]<br />
* [[Taftan (bread)|Taftan]]: an Iranian bread popular in Pakistan and Lahore. It can be eaten with [[korma]] and [[nihari]].<br />
<br />
==Herbs and spices==<br />
[[File:MörserPflanzenmaterial.jpg|220px|thumb| [[Mortar and pestle]] (Old method to mix spices)]]<br />
{{Further|List of Indian spices|List of Pakistani spices}}<br />
{{See also|Spice mix}}<br />
<br />
Indian subcontinent-based spices are used in Punjabi cuisine, which are ground in a mortar and [[pestle]] or a [[food processor]].<br />
<br />
==Beverages==<br />
Punjab has a diverse range of beverages. Some are dairy-based such as [[lassi]] and [[buttermilk]]. [[Water buffalo]] milk-based products are especially common around Punjab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/sweet-lassi-punjabi-lassi/|title=lassi recipe, sweet punjabi lassi recipe - how to make sweet lassi recipe|date=30 May 2012|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref> Examples are mango lassi,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/mango_lassi/|title=Mango Lassi|date=10 November 2006|work=Simply Recipes|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/mangolassi_74038|title=BBC - Food - Recipes : Mango lassi|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> mango milkshake,<ref>Mango Milkshake [http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/mango-milkshake-recipe/ :Mango Milkshake]</ref><ref>Mango Milkshake [http://whatscookingamerica.net/Beverage/MangoLassi.htm : Mango Milkshake]</ref> and [[chaas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/chaas-recipe-buttermilk-recipe/|title=chaas recipe or buttermilk recipe, how to make salted chaas recipe|date=22 March 2014|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/pudina-chaas-recipe/|title=pudina chaas recipe, how to make pudina chaas - flavored buttermilk|author=dassana amit|work=Veg Recipes of India|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Others are juices derived from vegetables and fruits, such as watermelon shakes,<ref name="Watermelon Juice Recipe">{{cite web |url=http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/watermelon-juice-fresh-watermelon-juice/|title=Watermelon Juice Recipe, How to Make Watermelon Juice Recipe |date=10 April 2017 |work=Veg Recipes of India |access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> carrot juice and [[tamarind]] juice (imli ka paani). [[Shikanjvi]] and [[Lemonade|neembu paani]] drinks are especially preferred during the summer. [[Jal-jeera]] is also common as well.<br />
<br />
[[Sattu]] is a traditional North Indian drink that is also traditionally consumed in the [[Punjab]]. [[Sattu]] is made by roasting [[barley]] grains and then grinding them into powder, mixed with salt and [[turmeric]] and water.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />
<br />
The local regional drinks in Punjab also include [[Doodh soda]] (milk soda),<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Bon Appétit]]|title=My Iftar Table Isn't Complete Without Doodh Soda|author1=Haneen J. Iqbal|date=April 16, 2021|url=https://www.bonappetit.com/story/doodh-soda/|access-date=December 3, 2022}}</ref> Desi Daaru (a local form of alcohol in India) and Bantay (a local soda drink) in Pakistan.<br />
<br />
==Fermented foods==<br />
{{See also|Zymology}}<br />
{{Further|Pickling|List of fermented foods|Pickles in India and Pakistan}}<br />
<br />
[[File: Achar Gosht.JPG|thumb|left| Achar gosht, a famous dish made from chicken and pickles mixture]]<br />
<br />
Fermented foods are common in Punjabi cuisine. Also fermented foods are added in the preparation of some dishes as well.<ref>Gobhi achar [http://maayeka.blogspot.de/2013/03/gobhigajar-aur-shalgum-ka-achar-punjabi.html : Punjabi Mix Vegetable Pickle Recipe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427125840/http://maayeka.blogspot.de/2013/03/gobhigajar-aur-shalgum-ka-achar-punjabi.html |date=27 April 2015 }}</ref> Mango pickle is especially famous in many villages of Punjab.<ref>Mango pickle [http://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/punjabi-mango-pickle/ :Mango Pickle Recipe]</ref><ref>Mango Pickle recipe {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130616172853/http://www.jopreetskitchen.com/2013/06/punjabi-mango-pickle-aam-ka-achaar.html : Mango Pickle Recipe]}}</ref><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Cooking methods==<br />
[[File:Chulla and Bharroli.jpg|thumb|A traditional Punjabi stove (''Chulla'') and oven (''Bharolli'')]]<br />
Traditional and modern methods are employed for cooking Punjabi cuisine. The traditional stoves and ovens used to cook Punjabi food include:<br />
<br />
===Chullah===<br />
The traditional name of the stove in the [[Punjabi language]] is ''chulla''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OWcZAQAAMAAJ&q=punjabi+chulha Asian Perspectives, Volume 42 (2003) University Press of Hawaii]</ref> Traditional houses also have [[oven]]s (''wadda chulla'' or ''band chulla'') that are made from bricks, stones, and in many cases clay. Older communities in Punjab also used [[earth oven]]s (''khadda chulla''), but this tradition is dying out now. {{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
<br />
===Bhathi===<br />
A masonry oven is known as a [[Punjabi bhathi|bhathi]]. [[Outdoor cooking]] and [[grilling]] have many different types of bhathi. A bhathi is used to roast wheat or corn for which Kalsi (1992) describes as a "special oven with an open pan in which sand is heated to roast corn."<ref>{{cite book|last=Kalsi|first= Sewa Singh |year=1992|title= The evolution of a Sikh community in Britain: religious and social change among the sikhs of Leeds and Bradford. {{!}} Community Religions Project Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Leeds |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjEIAQAAMAAJ&q=punjab+bhathi+oven}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Hara===<br />
A hara is a six-foot-tall oven with its own roof. The hara is traditionally used to slow-heat milk or slow-cook pulses such as chickpeas.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Sidhu |last1=Brard|first2= Gurnam |last2=Singh |year=2007|title= East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab|publisher= Hemkunt Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUdYFH9skIkC&q=hara&pg=PA352}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Tandoor===<br />
{{further|Tandoor|Punjabi tandoori cooking}}<br />
According to ''Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History'' by Mukhtar Ahmed,<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first= Mukhtar |year=2014|title= Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume IV: Harappan Civilization - Theoretical and the Abstract. Amazon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbLVBAAAQBAJ&dq=tandoor+ahmed+punjab&pg=PA211}}</ref> Harappan oven structures may have operated in a similar manner to the modern tandoors of the Punjab. The tandoor is traditionally made of clay and is a bell-shaped oven, set into the earth and fired with wood or charcoal reaching high temperatures. According to Roy Hayter<ref>{{cite book|last=Hayter|first= Roy |year=1992|title= Food Preparation and Cooking: Levels 1 & 2. |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDhdDwAAQBAJ&dq=Punjabi+tandoors+can+also+rest+above+the+ground&pg=PA68}}</ref> the original versions of the tandoor "in the Punjab, a province in the north-west of India, were sunk neck deep in the ground". He further states that modern versions can also rest above the ground.<br />
<br />
===Modern methods===<br />
* [[Pressure cooker]]s<br />
* Iron griddle<br />
<br />
==Etiquette of Punjabi dining==<br />
<br />
Etiquette of eating is considered a major part of the cuisine. Every Punjabi household follows certain regional [[etiquette]]. The word etiquette has many local names depending on the particular region of Punjab. Though certain etiquette varies regionally, there are many etiquette practices that are common throughout Punjab. [[Communal dining]] is a norm in Punjabi families.<br />
<br />
Bringing and sending fresh fruits, sweets and food items as gifts to family members is a common practice in Punjab, particularly during the [[Spring (season)|spring season]]. Food items are distributed among neighbors as well on special occasions and as a sign to show hospitality. [[Mango]] is considered a delicacy and produced widely in Punjab,<ref name="TRTA Pakistan Mangoes">{{cite web |url=http://trtapakistan.org/sector-products/horticulture/mangoes/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140516121946/http://trtapakistan.org/sector-products/horticulture/mangoes/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 May 2014|title=Mangoes &#124;TRTA Pakistan |date=26 November 2010 |access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> and mango parties are common during the fruit's harvest season. [[Watermelon]] and [[radish]] at food stalls are shared among friends and relatives.<br />
<br />
=== Major features of etiquette ===<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{See also|Table manners|Eating utensil etiquette}}<br />
<br />
An invitation to a meal or tea is typically distributed few days beforehand. Denying the invitation for no major reason is considered a breach of etiquette.<br />
<br />
[[Table setting]] is done before the arrival of the guests.<br />
<br />
Family members or any occupants within one home make sure to eat together during the dinner. If any other person is present in the vicinity, then they are offered meals as a way of giving respect. It is considered rude to start eating food without asking others to participate in a meal. It is customary to offer food to anyone in your vicinity before eating. The invited guest or elder person is given special respect and attention. Usually the invited guest is requested to start the meal. It is considered rude if the host starts eating without taking into account the attendance of all guests.<br />
<br />
Punjabi families use a hybrid style of South Asian and European utensil etiquette most of the time. The bread and rice are eaten with the hands. Desserts are eaten with spoons. [[Soup spoon]]s are used for consuming soup and forks are used for eating noodles. Chewing food with one's mouth open and burping in front of others is considered rude. In the villages of Punjab, an additional common plate is usually placed on the table for any bones left from the consumption of bone meat. Placing leftovers on the floor or on the table floor is considered bad etiquette.<br />
<br />
==Punjabi dhaba==<br />
{{See also|Dhaba|Truck stop|Cafeteria}}<br />
<br />
The roadsides often serve as suburban eatery centers. They can also be a communal place to sit and chat. Some serve on the same concept of the [[greasy spoon]].<br />
<br />
== Punjabi restaurants ==<br />
[[File:New Punjab Club food spread.jpg|thumb|Selection of signature dishes at New Punjab Club<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/food-drink/article/2115726/newly-opened-new-punjab-club-central-palatable-pricey-indian|title=First impressions of New Punjab Club, Central – palatable Indian food|date=2017-10-18|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref>]]<br />
Punjabi cuisine has spread internationally. Punjab in [[London]] has been family-run since 1946 and is the UK's oldest [[North Indian cuisine|North Indian]] restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjab.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Punjab|website=www.punjab.co.uk|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> The New Punjab Club,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newpunjabclub.com/|title=New Punjab Club|website=newpunjabclub.com|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> located in [[Hong Kong]], became the world's first Punjabi restaurant to earn one [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]] star in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/hk/en/hong-kong-region/hong-kong/restaurant/new-punjab-club|title=New Punjab Club – a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant in Hong Kong|website=MICHELIN Guide|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Punjab|Pakistan|India|Food}}<br />
* [[Indian cuisine]]<br />
* [[Lahori cuisine]]<br />
* [[Pakistani cuisine]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commonscatinline}}<br />
{{Cuisine}}{{Cuisine of India}}<br />
{{Punjab, India}}<br />
{{Punjab, Pakistan}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjabi Cuisine}}<br />
[[Category:Punjabi culture]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi cuisine| ]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine by region]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cuisine by state or union territory]]<br />
[[Category:North Indian cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Smoked food]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Karnataka_State_Film_Awards&diff=467981
2018 Karnataka State Film Awards
2026-01-26T17:44:23Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards ceremony}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film awards<br />
| number = 53<br />
| award = Karnataka State Film Awards<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| awarded_for = Best of Kannada Cinema in 2018<br />
| award_org = <br />
| presenting_org = [[B. S. Yediyurappa]]<br/>{{small|([[Chief Minister of Karnataka]])}}<br />
| announced_date = {{Start date|2020|1|10|df=yes}} <br />
| presented_date = <!-- {{Start date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><br />
| date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes}} --><br />
| site = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India<br />
|host = <br />
| website = <br />
| lifetime_achievement = <br />
| best_picture = [[Aa Karaala Ratri]]<br />
| best_film = <!-- or best_picture --><br />
| best_film_jury_choice = <br />
| best_feature = <br />
| best_direction = [[Dayal Padmanabhan]]<br />
| best_direction_film = [[Aa Karaala Ratri]]<br />
| best_actor = [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]]<br />
| best_actor_film = [[Ammana Mane]] <br />
| best_actress = [[Meghana Raj]]<br />
| best_actress_film = [[Iruvudellava Bittu]]<br />
| most_awards = [[Aa Karaala Ratri]] (3)<br />
|last = [[2017 Karnataka State Film Awards|52]] <br />
|next = <br />
[[2019 Karnataka State Film Awards|54]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2018 Karnataka State Film Awards''', presented by [[Government of Karnataka]], felicitated the best of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Karnataka cinema]] released in the year 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/karnataka-state-film-awards-2018-raghavendra-rajkumar-and-meghana-raj-bag-top-honours-check-out-all-winners/articleshow/73186197.cms|title=KARNATAKA STATE FILM AWARDS 2018: RAGHAVENDRA RAJKUMAR AND MEGHANA RAJ BAG TOP HONOURS; CHECK OUT ALL WINNERS|website=Bangalore Mirror|accessdate=30 June 2020}}</ref> The [[Karnataka State Film Awards|Awards]] are given away on 24 April every year which is the birthday of [[Dr. Rajkumar]]. But due to the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections in the last two years, the awards were not given on this day. The list of winners was announced on 10 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-your-bond-with-bengaluru/state-film-award-winners-elated-793280.html|title=State film award winners elated|website=Deccan Herald|accessdate=30 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/karnataka-state-film-awards-2018-raghavendra-rajkumar-and-meghana-raj-bag-top-honours-2453763.html|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2018: Raghavendra Rajkumar and Meghana Raj Bag Top Honours|website=news18|accessdate=30 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Lifetime achievement award==<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awards<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Dr. Rajkumar Award]]''' ||'''[[Srinivasa Murthy]]''' || Actor ||[[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Puttanna Kanagal Award]]''' ||'''[[P. Sheshadri]]''' || Director ||[[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate <br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Dr. Vishnuvardhan Award]]''' ||'''B. S. Basavaraju''' || Cinematographer || [[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Film awards ==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Producer<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Director<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|First Best Film]]'''<br />
| ''[[Aa Karaala Ratri]]''<br />
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]<br />
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]''' <br />
|''Ramana Savari''<br />
|{{•}}Stroiney Pais<br>{{•}}Swapna <br />
|K Shivarudraiah<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Third Best Film|Third Best Film]]'''<br />
|''[[Ondalla Eradalla]]''<br />
|Umapathy Srinivas<br />
| [[D Satya Prakash]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Best Film of Social Concern]]'''<br />
|''Santakavi Kanakadasara Ramadhanya''<br />
| Sreelakshmi Narasimha Movies<br />
| T.N. Nagesh<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Children Film|Best Children Film]]'''<br />
|''Hoovu-Balli''<br />
|Chandrika Films <br />
|B. Manjunath<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Regional film|Best Regional Film]]'''<br />
|''Deyi Baidethi''<br/>([[Tulu language]])<br />
|Sankri Motion Pictures<br />
| Sooryodaya<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Family Entertainer|Best Entertaining Film]]'''<br />
|[[Sarkari Hi. Pra. Shaale, Kasaragodu, Koduge: Ramanna Rai|Sa.Hi.Pra.Shaale, Kasaragodu, Koduge: Ramanna Rai]]<br />
|[[Rishab Shetty]]<br />
|Rishab Shetty<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director|Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director]]'''<br />
|''Belakina Kannadi''<br />
|Raju Hammini<br />
|''Basavaraj V Hammini''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Other awards ==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Cash prize<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]'''<br />
|''[[Aa Karaala Ratri]]''<br />
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]<br />
|[[₹]] 1,00,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]'''<br />
| ''[[Ammana Mane]]''<br />
| [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]]<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''<br />
| ''[[Iruvudellava Bittu]]''<br />
| [[Meghana Raj]]<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]'''<br />
| ''[[Churikatte]]''<br />
|Balaji Manohar<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]'''<br />
|''[[Aa Karaala Ratri]]''<br />
| Veena Sundar <br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Male)|Best Child Actor]]'''<br />
|''Ramana Savari''<br />
| Master Aaron<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Female)|Best Child Actress]]'''<br />
|''Andavada''<br />
|Baby Sinchana<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]'''<br />
| ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''<br />
| [[Ravi Basrur]]<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''<br />
|''Santakavi Kanakadasara Ramadhanya''<br/>("Irulu Chandirana")<br />
|Siddhartha Belmannu<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]'''<br />
|''Deyi Baidethi''<br/>("Gejje Giri Nandana")<br />
|Kalavati Dayanand<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]'''<br />
|''Ammachi Yemba Kanasu''<br />
|Naveen Kumar I <br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editing]]'''<br />
|''[[Trataka (film)|Trataka]]''<br />
|Suresh Arumugam<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]'''<br />
|''Bayalatada Bheemanna''<br />
|[[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]<br/>("Saave.. Saave..")<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]'''<br />
|''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''<br />
|Shiva Kumar J<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]]'''<br />
|''Nayigere''<br />
|Harish S <br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]'''<br />
| ''[[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (film)|Mookajjiya Kanasugalu]]''<br />
|[[P. Sheshadri]]<br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]]'''<br />
|''Savitribai Phule''<br />
|Shirish Joshi <br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]]'''<br />
|''Samanatheya Kadege'' || H. Anantharayappa<br/>(For Film)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[₹]] 20,000 each<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4" <br />
|''Abbetumakura Siddhipurusha Vishwaradhyaru'' ||V. Thomas <br/>(For Production Managing) <br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Book on Kannada Cinema|Best Book on Kannada Cinema]]'''<br />
|''Chitrakathe Hagendarenu ?'' || N. S. Shankar<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[₹]] 20,000 each<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4" <br />
|''Ambarish-Vyakti-Vyaktitva-Varnaranjita Baduku''<br />
|Sharanu Hullur<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4" <br />
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Short Film|Best Short Film]]'''<br />
|''Paduvarahalli''<br />
|V. Manoj Kumar <br />
|[[₹]] 20,000<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Karnataka State Film Awards}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Awards|2018]]<br />
[[Category:2018 Indian film awards]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sneha_Shankar&diff=536425
Sneha Shankar
2026-01-20T02:47:07Z
<p>Maryslanker: Creating a page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian singer )}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox person<!-- Please do not change this "infobox person" because changing this infobox causes other info not appearing in it. ---><br />
| name = Sneha Shankar<br />
| image = Sneha Shankar (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| alias = <br />
| birth_date = 1st February 2006<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| education = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Playback singer|live performer}}<br />
| years_active = 2012–present<br />
| spouse = <br />
| mother = <br />
| father = Ram Shankar<br />
| relatives = <br />
| honours = <br />
| module = {{Infobox musical artist<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| background = person<!-- only used to track if it's a single person or a group that is required for hCard microformat. Use value person or group_or_band. --><br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]]<br />
* [[Sufi]]<br />
* ''[[ghazal]]''<br />
* [[Pop music|pop]]<br />
* [[Hindustani classical music]]<br />
* [[filmi]]<br />
}}<br />
| instrument = Vocals<br />
| label = {{hlist|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|[[Zee Music Company|Zee Music]]|[[Saregama]]}}<br />
}}<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sneha Shankar''' is an Indian [[playback singer]]. <br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Sneha is the daughter of singer and [[music director]] Ram Shankar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2017 |title=Like father, like daughter |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/like-father-like-daughter-496159 }}</ref> and granddaughter of Shankar of the [[Sufism|Sufi]] singers duo Shankar-Shambhu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-24 |title=Shanker Shambhu Qawwal, The Epitome Of Indian Plurality{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2018/02/shanker-shambhu-qawwal-epitome-indian-plurality/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref> At the age of six she appeared in a TV show ''[[MTV Sound Trippin]]'' on [[MTV India]].{{cn|date=June 2024}} <br />
<br />
==Career ==<br />
Sneha participated in various singing reality shows including ''[[Superstar Singer]]'' and ''[[Indian Idol]] - Season 15''.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indian-idol-15-indian-playback-singers-daughter-sneha-shankar-to-be-seen-as-a-contestant/articleshow/114316238.cms Indian Idol 15: Indian playback singer’s daughter Sneha Sneha Shankar to be seen as a contestant] The Times of India, October 19, 2024.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019 she sang for the Hindi version of a [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] movie ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Joyain |date=2019-07-19 |title=Superstar Singer contestant Sneha Shankar lends her voice to Hindi version of The Lion King |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2019/Jul/19/superstar-singer-contestant-sneha-shankar-lends-her-voice-to-hindi-version-of-the-lion-king-16685.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She has worked with various music composers including [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Sneha Khanwalkar]], [[Amit Trivedi]], and [[Jeet Gannguli]].{{cn|date=June 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
<br />
=== Film songs ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| <br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Film<br />
!Song<br />
!Music<br />
!Lyrics<br />
!Note<br />
! class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''[[Hanuman: Da' Damdaar]]''<br />
|"Hanuman Chalisa"<br />
|[[Sneha Khanwalkar]]<br />
|<br />
|credited as Sneha Pandit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]''<br />
|"Main Banoon Raja Aaj Hi"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Joyain |date=2019-07-19 |title=Superstar Singer contestant Sneha Shankar lends her voice to Hindi version of The Lion King |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2019/Jul/19/superstar-singer-contestant-sneha-shankar-lends-her-voice-to-hindi-version-of-the-lion-king-16685.html |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]]''<br />
|"Yeh Duniya Agar Mil Bhi Jaye"<br />
|Sneha Khanwalkar<br />
|Sahir Ludhianvi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Thug Life (2025 film)|Thug Life]]''<br />
|"Chand Ke Tukde"<br />
|[[ A. R. Rahman]]<br />
|[[ Mehboob]]<br />
| Hindi version<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Non-film songs ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Song<br />
!Music<br />
!Lyrics<br />
!Co-singer(s)<br />
!Note<br />
!{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|"Irada Kar Liya Hai Humne"<br />
|Dushyant<br />
|Alok Srivastava<br />
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
|Education anthem of the [[Government of Delhi]] by [[Aam Admi Party]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Delhi Govt Launches Education Song 'Irada Kar Liya Hai' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/delhi-govt-launches-education-song-irada-kar-liya-hai-5012149.html |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television appearances===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Show<br />
!Song<br />
!Channel<br />
!Note<br />
!{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''[[MTV Sound Trippin]]''<br />
|"Nain Matakka"<br />
|[[MTV India]]<br />
|season 2, episode 1<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/sound-trippin/2/tripping-movement-music/3183989 | title=Watch Sound Trippin Season 2 Episode 1 : Tripping Movement Music - Watch Full Episode Online(HD) on JioCinema }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Singles ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Song<br />
!Music<br />
!Co-singer(s)<br />
!class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|"Yaad Piya Ki Aaye"<br />
|Aditya Shankar<br />
|Salman Ali<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch New Hindi Song Music Video - 'Yaad Piya Ki Aaye' Sung By Salman Ali And Sneha Shankar {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-song-music-video-yaad-piya-ki-aaye-sung-by-salman-ali-and-sneha-shankar/videoshow/88563642.cms |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|"Adhoore Khwaab"<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|"Choodiyaan Khanke"<br />
|Ankush Bhardwaj<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|"Har Justajoo"<br />
|Tabish Ali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|"Mera Mehboob"<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== TV serial songs ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Film<br />
!Song<br />
!Music<br />
!Lyrics<br />
!Co-singer(s)<br />
!class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Naamkarann]]<br />
|"Aa Leke Chalu Tujhko"<br />
|[[Jeet Gannguli|Jeet Ganguly]]<br />
|Vijay Vijawatt<br />
|[[Palak Muchhal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Meri Durga]]''<br />
|Tittle track<br />
|[[Sneha Khanwalkar|Sneha Khanvilkar]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2]]''<br />
|Tittle track<br />
|Aadil Prashant<br />
|<br />
|Abhishek Gaur<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2' title track sung by reality show contestant |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=658498 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=Telly Tattle: Sneha Shankar lent her voice for Ek Duje ke Vaaste 2 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-tattle-superstar-singer-contestant-sneha-shankar-lent-her-voice-for-ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-22356199 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
===Indian Television Academy Awards===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Nominee / work<br />
!Category<br />
!Result<br />
!{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Meri Durga]]''<br />
|Best Singer<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Instagram|snehashankarofficial}}<br />
* {{YouTube|channel=UCiSNP1lhZUwFlnJcpd_XlYQ}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2006 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian folk-pop singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Idol participants]]<br />
<br />
{{India-singer-stub}}</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Chacko_Periappuram&diff=506563
Jose Chacko Periappuram
2026-01-14T05:17:55Z
<p>Maryslanker: Created New Details Initial Version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian cardiac surgeon}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{tone|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox medical person<br />
|name =Jose Chacko Periappuram<br />
|image =Dr.Jose_Periappuram_in_August_2023.jpg<br />
|birth_date =28 April 1958<br />
|birth_place =[[South Paravur]], [[Kerala]], India<br />
|profession =Surgeon<br />
|specialism =[[Cardiothoracic surgery]]<br>[[Heart transplantation]]<br />
|known_for ={{ublist|First successful Heart transplant in Kerala|First successful heart retransplant in India|First successful Beating Heart Surgery in Kerala|First successful TAR (Total Arterial Revascularization)|First Awake Bypass Surgery in Kerala}}<br />
| years_active =Since 1985<br />
| education ={{ublist|[[St. Thomas College, Pala]]|[[Government Medical College, Kottayam]]}}<br />
| work_institutions =[[University Hospital of Wales]]<br>[[Manchester Royal Infirmary]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jose Chacko Periappuram''' (born on April 28, 1958) is an Indian [[cardiac surgery|cardiac surgeon]] and medical writer who performed the first successful [[heart transplant]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India, as well as the first successful heart retransplant in the country. His other achievements include the first [[Off-pump coronary artery bypass|beating heart]], awake bypass and total arterial revascularization surgeries in the state. Periappuram is a fellow of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow]] and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of London]]. He is the founder and chairman of "Heart Care Foundation", a charitable trust that financially assists poor heart patients. The [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award, in 2025.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Jose Chacko Periappuram was born in [[South Paravur]], a small village in [[Ernakulam district]] of the Indian state of [[Kerala]], born to P. M. Chacko and Mary Chacko.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} His father was a [[botanist]] who was credited with the discovery of two plant species and also served as a principal at [[St. Thomas College, Pala]] from 1979 to 1984.<ref name="St.Thomas College, Palai History">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stcp.ac.in/history_profile.php |title=St.Thomas College, Palai History |date=2018-08-23 |website=www.stcp.ac.in |access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> [[Fr. Abel]], the founder chairman of [[Kalabhavan]], was his paternal uncle.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} After completing his matriculation studies from St. Ephraim's High School, Mannanam, he joined [[St. Thomas College, Palai]], from where he earned a BSc with botany as the optional subject.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} He passed [[MBBS]] from [[Government Medical College, Kottayam|Govt. Medical College, Kottayam]] in 1985 and after a year of senior house surgeon at the Kottayam Medical College, he proceeded to the United Kingdom for post-graduate education and training.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
He completed his [[FRCS]] part 1 from the [[Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland|Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland]] in Dublin, in 1986 and completed his general surgical training from various hospitals in the [[Republic of Ireland]]. This included the County Hospital, Roscommon, [[Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda|Our Lady's Hospital, Drogheda]], and the [[Mater Misericordiae University Hospital|Mater Misericordiae Hospital]] at Dublin.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
He passed his [[FRCS]] from the [[Royal College of Surgeons]] of [[Glasgow]] and [[Edinburgh]] in the year 1992. His higher cardiac surgical training was mainly at the [[University Hospital of Wales]] and [[Manchester Royal Infirmary]] and passed the [[FRCS]] in cardiac surgery in 1994, he is one of the few cardiac surgeons to secure this degree from all three surgical colleges. His mentor was I. M. Breckenridge, who was a member of the team which led the first heart surgery in England in the 1960s. He further underwent training in cardiac transplantation at the [[Papworth Hospital]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
== Heart transplants ==<br />
On his return to Kerala, Periappuram joined [[Medical Trust Hospital]], Kochi, where on 13 May, 2003 a team led by Periappuram performed the first heart transplantation in the state of Kerala, thus making it the third state in India to achieve this feat.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-heart-of-the-problem/article28443904.ece | work=The Hindu | title=The heart of the problem | date=28 July 2003 |access-date=2020-07-22}}</ref> He performed a second heart transplant the following year.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/gift-of-life/article27733727.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Gift of life | date=21 December 2004 |access-date=2020-07-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 6 March 2014, Periappuram at [[Lisie Hospital, Kochi]] became the first cardiac surgeon to conduct a successful heart re-transplant in India when a patient who had already received a transplant developed a heart valve infection a few months later.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/kerala-man-now-lives-with-a-third-heart-189047-2014-04-15| location=Kerala, India | work=India Today| title=Kerala man now lives with a third heart| date=15 April 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other surgical achievements ==<br />
[[File:OPCAB.png|thumb|Off-pump coronary artery bypass (beating heart surgery)]]<br />
He was the first heart surgeon to commence a beating heart surgical program in Kerala. He is also the first surgeon in Kerala to perform bypass surgery using arterial grafts and also TAR.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/TAR-Technique-to-Mend-Ailing-Hearts-Remains-Untapped-by-Medicos/2014/05/15/article2225694.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212448/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/TAR-Technique-to-Mend-Ailing-Hearts-Remains-Untapped-by-Medicos/2014/05/15/article2225694.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=TAR Technique to Mend Ailing Hearts Remains Untapped by Medicos | date=15 May 2014 }}</ref> Another group of patients who, due to lung diseases, could not have their surgeries done were helped by a novel technique called awake bypass surgery.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/rare-heart-surgery/article27629752.ece | work=The Hindu | title=Rare heart surgery | date=20 June 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Heart Care Foundation==<br />
<br />
His charitable trust called the Heart Care Foundation helps government medical colleges in Kerala enabling poor patients to have heart surgeries done, by helping them financially. They also aim to educate the common people of India about the heart diseases.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/call-to-impart-lessons-on-basic-life-support-to-all/article2486900.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Call to impart lessons on basic life support to all | date=26 September 2011}}</ref> The Heart Care Foundation has multiple projects in operation.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article459615.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212822/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article459615.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=Save a life, save a life time | date=24 March 2011 }}</ref> They have donated organs to various Government Medical College Hospitals. They have also conducted charity runs and mini-[[marathons]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/minimarathon-for-healthy-life/article172268.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Mini-marathon for healthy life | date=30 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Run for Heart|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Run-for-Heart/2015/10/07/article3066275.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122155626/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Run-for-Heart/2015/10/07/article3066275.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 November 2015|work=The New Indian Express|date=7 October 2015}}</ref> and have organized the [[World Heart Day]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/slew-of-programmes-to-mark-world-heart-day/article792298.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Slew of programmes to mark World Heart Day | date=24 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1280866.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814214706/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1280866.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=World Heart Day observed | date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-heart-day-observed/296836-60-122.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211615/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-heart-day-observed/296836-60-122.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=IBN live | title=Various events mark World Heart Day Observance | date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-heart-day-to-be-observed-on-sunday/186756-60.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813171037/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-heart-day-to-be-observed-on-sunday/186756-60.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=13 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=IBN live | title=World Heart Day to be observed on Sunday | date=24 September 2011}}</ref> countless times.<br />
<br />
One of such projects aims to help 1000 patients undergo heart surgeries over 10 years at various Government Hospitals in Kerala. "Save a heart, save a life" is focused on educating people about the importance of [[Basic Life Support]] (BLS). [[Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation]] (CPR) will be shown and taught to small groups all around [[Kerala]] so that the life support at basic level can be affected in times of need to save lives.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/new-procedure/article1982890.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=CPR at Le Meridien | date=1 May 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
They also publish a quarterly publication of the Heart Care Foundation called "Caring Hearts" which carries extensive information about heart diseases, its prevention, causes, and tips and also covers the progress of the activities of Heart Care foundation's activities on a regular basis.<br />
Their efforts have led to implementation of AED devices in the Cochin airport.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kochi Airport installs 2 lifesaving AEDs|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article343228.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310071321/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article343228.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 March 2016|work=The New Indian Express|date=11 March 2012}}</ref> Heart Care Foundation organized a musical evening 'Hridyam' in connection with the release of the educational audio video album 'Mi Corazon" aimed at educating people about organ donation, basic life support and also to inculcate charity among young minds.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1509804.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814214658/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1509804.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title= Music straight from the heart | date=21 March 2013}}</ref> to spread awareness on CPR and heart disease emergencies.<br />
<br />
==Positions held==<br />
<br />
* Consultant and Head of Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery [[Lisie Heart Institute]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lisiehospital.org/departments?did=3| title=Cardio Thoracic Surgery department }}</ref> Kochi, Kerala, India<br />
*Chairman, Heart Care Foundation<br />
* Joint Secretary, Heart Failure Society of India<br />
* President, Quality Forum Kerala<br />
* Director, Kalabhavan Studios Ltd, Ernakulam<br />
* Trustee, Kalabhavan Talent Residential School, Kochi<br />
* Secretary of the Kerala Medical Association in 1981<br />
* National Organizing Secretary of the Indian Association of Cardiovascular Conference in 2005<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/18/stories/2005021815720300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050514203630/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/18/stories/2005021815720300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 May 2005 | location=Kerala, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=IACTS meet begins | date=18 February 2005}}</ref><br />
* An executive committee member of the Indian Cardio-Vascular Association for three years from 2005 to 2008<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*[[Mother Teresa Award]], 2003{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}<br />
*[[Indira Gandhi]] Award, [[Kuwait]], 2006{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}<br />
*[[Padma Shri]] award in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/ |title=Padma Awards |date=2018-05-17 |website=Padma Awards |publisher=Government of India |access-date=2018-05-17 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000149/http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
*[[Padma Bhushan]] award in 2025 <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-25 |title=Full list of Padma Awards 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-padma-awards-2025/article69141094.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
<br />
Besides the numerous medical and non-medical articles that have been published, he has presented a large number of clinical studies at the various national conferences. He has also written an educational book about heart diseases in [[Malayalam]] called 'HRIDAYAM' (The Heart).<br />
In 2021 The Malayala Monorama publications published his book called "hrudayam thottu'(ഹൃദയം തൊട്ടു) which is a collection of his experience with treating the sickest of sick patients in his career.<br />
<br />
==Other==<br />
He spoke on the need for coordination between hospitals with elaborate heart care departments at a press meeting on an uncommon multiple surgery and introduced the orator. P.V. Louis for a speech on the need for accreditation of hospitals to ensure quality. He explained the need of bypass surgery in women<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/30/stories/2002093000370200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021122150001/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/30/stories/2002093000370200.htm | url-status=usurped | archive-date=22 November 2002 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Why women bypass their heart | date=30 September 2002}}</ref> and the need for the youth to take their health into consideration.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/25/stories/2006092501640200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108184437/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/25/stories/2006092501640200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 November 2012 | location=Kerala, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Time to take 'matters of the heart' seriously | date=25 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article113438.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212736/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article113438.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=Take time to live | date=30 June 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Several workshops<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article186803.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814211724/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article186803.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=Workshop on haemodynamics held | date=26 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/coordinated-efforts-for-cardiac-care-urged/article753923.ece | location=Kerala, India | work=The Hindu | title=Co-ordinated efforts for cardiac care urged | date=22 April 2010 }}</ref> on the various types of surgeries such as beating heart surgery and CPR have been conducted. He has also participated in many seminars on topics like ethics of health care<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071014670300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618102427/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071014670300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 June 2008 | location=Kerala, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Seminar on ethics in medical care | date=10 July 2005}}</ref> in many prestigious institutions. He addressed the academic session on heart transplantation at a CME programme<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/15/stories/2004081507020400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002121341/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/15/stories/2004081507020400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 October 2010 | location=Kerala, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Briefly | date=15 August 2004}}</ref> in Kottayam.<br />
He also presented a paper on the need of hospitals for women and children and a paper on hybrid perspective in the management of aortic aneurysm'.<br />
<br />
Sudansu Bhattacharya performed a surgery on beating heart at the Lisie Heart Institute along with chief cardiac surgeon Jose Chacko Periappuram which was telecast live to the conference room at the Lisie Hospital, enabling over 25 cardiac surgeons from the state assembled there to discuss and clarify doubts.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article94011.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212707/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article94011.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 August 2014 | location=Kerala, India | work=The Indian Express | title=Heart surgery telecast live at Lisie Heart Institute | date=12 July 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose_Periappuram |title=Jose Chacko Periappuram |date=2018-08-23 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2018-08-23}}<br />
{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}<br />
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Periappuram, Jose Chacko}}<br />
[[Category:1958 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]<br />
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cardiac surgeons]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian surgeons]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goshainganj_Assembly_constituency&diff=500975
Goshainganj Assembly constituency
2026-01-11T14:25:43Z
<p>Maryslanker: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}} <br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Goshainganj<br />
| map_image = 276-Goshainganj.svg<br />
| mla = [[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]]<br />
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (BJP supported)<br />
| latest_election_year = 2022<br />
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ambedkar Nagar]]<br />
| electors = 3,95,118<br />
| constituency_no = 276<br />
}} <br />
'''Goshainganj''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Goshainganj in the [[Ayodhya district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 276 amongst 403 constituencies.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Election<br />
!Name<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
|[[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
|[[Indra Pratap Tiwari]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
|[[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}{{efn|Expelled from the [[Samajwadi Party]] in 2024.}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
<br />
<br />
The constituency was won by [[Samajwadi Party]] member Abhay Singh, who won in [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|the 2022 elections]], defeating [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Aarti Tiwari by a margin of 13,079 votes. <br />
<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Goshainganj<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|candidate = Abhay Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:105863}}<br />
|percentage = 43.87<br />
|change = +9.57<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Aarti Tiwari<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:92784}}<br />
|percentage = 38.45<br />
|change = -0.96<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Ram Sagar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:37271}}<br />
|percentage = 15.45<br />
|change = -5.02<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1747}}<br />
|percentage = 0.72<br />
|change = -0.56<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:13079}}<br />
|percentage = 5.42<br />
|change = +0.31<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:241298}}<br />
|percentage = 61.07<br />
|change = +0.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Samajwadi Party<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Goshainganj<ref name="election2017"/>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Indra Pratap Alias Khabbu Tiwari<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:89586}}<br />
|percentage = 39.41<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Abhay Singh<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:77966}}<br />
|percentage = 34.3<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Dharmraj Nishad<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:46528}}<br />
|percentage = 20.47<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Ram Nayan<br />
|party = NISHAD Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:5137}}<br />
|percentage = 2.26<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2878}}<br />
|percentage = 1.28<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:11620}}<br />
|percentage = 5.11<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:227339}}<br />
|percentage = 60.44<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{coord|26.57|82.38|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Ayodhya district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]</div>
Maryslanker
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_accolades_received_by_Queen_(film)&diff=512790
List of accolades received by Queen (film)
2025-11-25T06:33:54Z
<p>Maryslanker: Made a details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Queen'' (film)}}<br />
{{featured list}}<br />
''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' is a 2013 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] comedy-drama film directed by [[Vikas Bahl]] and produced by [[Anurag Kashyap]] and [[Vikramaditya Motwane]].<ref name="crew">{{cite web|title=Queen (2014) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/563941 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420021308/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/563941 |archive-date=20 April 2015 }}</ref> The film stars [[Kangana Ranaut]] in the lead role, and features [[Rajkummar Rao]] and [[Lisa Haydon]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma |first=Devesh |title=Movie Review: Queen |url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-queen-5546.html |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=7 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310112517/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-queen-5546.html |archive-date=10 March 2014 }}</ref> The film was edited by [[Abhijit Kokate]] and Kashyap, and the cinematography was provided by [[Bobby Singh (cinematographer)|Bobby Singh]].<ref name="crew"/> [[Amit Trivedi]] composed the [[Queen (soundtrack)|musical score for the film]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Queen' Music Review: Variety is the highlight of the album |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/queen-music-review-variety-is-the-highlight-of-the-album/452513-8-66.html |access-date=15 April 2015 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=17 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302121901/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/queen-music-review-variety-is-the-highlight-of-the-album/452513-8-66.html |archive-date= 2 March 2014 }}</ref> ''Queen'' tells the story of Rani, an under-confident woman, who embarks on her honeymoon alone after her fiancé calls off their wedding.<ref>{{cite news|last=Srivastava |first=Priyanka |title=Kangana fascinated by Queen character |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kangana-ranaut-queen-vikas-bahl-183740-2014-03-05 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |date=5 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310042539/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kangana-ranaut-queen-vikas-bahl/1/346901.html |archive-date=10 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Sunayana Suresh & Kasmin Fernandes |title=It takes me three days to get over a break-up: Kangana Ranaut |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/It-takes-me-three-days-to-get-over-a-break-up-Kangana-Ranaut/articleshow/31405112.cms? |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308050129/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/It-takes-me-three-days-to-get-over-a-break-up-Kangana-Ranaut/articleshow/31405112.cms |archive-date= 8 March 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Kangna Ranaut at Success party of Queen.jpg|thumb|[[Kangana Ranaut]]'s performance in ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' garnered her several awards and nominations including the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] at the [[62nd National Film Awards]].]]<br />
<br />
Made on a budget of {{INRConvert|125|m}},<ref>{{cite news|last=Srivastava |first=Priyanka |title=Success of Queen, Ankhon Dekhi proves change in audience's taste |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bollywood-queen-ankhon-dekhi-proves-change-in-audiences-taste-187746-2014-04-05 |access-date=15 April 2015 |work=India Today |date=5 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420175200/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bollywood-queen-ankhon-dekhi-proves-change-in-audiences-taste/1/353098.html |archive-date=20 April 2015 }}</ref> ''Queen'' was released on 7 March 2014, and grossed {{INRConvert|970|m}} worldwide.<ref name="worldwide">{{cite web|title=Top Ten Worldwide Grossers 2014 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014#.U2tUa_mSySo |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=8 May 2014 |date=8 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508150134/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014 |archive-date= 8 May 2014 }}</ref> The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, performance of Ranaut, cinematography, and editing. As of June 2015, the film has won 32 awards.<br />
<br />
At the [[62nd National Film Awards]], ''Queen'' won the awards for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Ranaut). At the [[60th Filmfare Awards]] ceremony, ''Queen'' won six awards, more than any other film, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Bahl), and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |title='Queen' Rules India's Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/queen-rules-indias-filmfare-awards-768890 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=31 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306053905/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/queen-rules-indias-filmfare-awards-768890 |archive-date= 6 March 2015 }}</ref> Haydon and Tridevi also garnered nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]], respectively. ''Queen'' received the most nominations at the 2015 [[Screen Awards]] ceremony,<ref name="screen" /> and won the awards for [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]], and Best Cinematography (Singh). Ranaut, Rao and Haydon were nominated for [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]], [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] and [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], respectively. The film also won five awards at the [[16th IIFA Awards|16th ceremony]] of the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], including [[IIFA Award for Best Movie|Best Movie]] and [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]].<br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"| Award<br />
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}<br />
!scope="col"| Category<br />
!scope="col"| Recipients<br />
!scope="col"| Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="5" |[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="5"| 18 December 2014<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Drama Film – Female <br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5" |<ref name="bigstar14">{{cite web|title=Big Star Entertainment Awards Nominations List 2014 |url=http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |access-date=30 December 2014 |publisher=[[Reliance Broadcast Network]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216084934/http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |archive-date=16 December 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Social Drama Film<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Director (Film)<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Film of the Year<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor (Film) – Female<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="8" | [[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|rowspan="8"| [[60th Filmfare Awards|31 January 2015]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="8" |<ref name="ff15">{{cite news|title=60th Britannia Filmfare Awards 2014: Complete list of winners |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/46080277.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 January 2015 |access-date=31 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203081332/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/46080277.cms |archive-date= 3 February 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 60th Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |work=Filmfare |date=19 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110120443/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]<br />
| {{Sort|Kashyap|[[Anurag Kashyap]]}}, [[Abhijit Kokate]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]<br />
| {{Sort|Singh|[[Bobby Singh (cinematographer)|Bobby Singh]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Haydon|[[Lisa Haydon]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="7" |[[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="7"| 24 February 2015<br />
| Best Background Score<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite web|last=James |first=Anu |title=GiMA Awards 2015: Shahid Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor, AR Rahman, Other Celebs Attend the Ceremony |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gima-awards-2015-shahid-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-ar-rahman-other-celebs-attend-ceremony-624479 |access-date=16 April 2015 |date=25 February 2015 |work=[[International Business Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024754/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gima-awards-2015-shahid-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-ar-rahman-other-celebs-attend-ceremony-624479 |archive-date=24 March 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|last=Goswami |first=Parismita |title=GiMA Awards 2015: Ankit Tiwari, Alia Bhatt and Others Nominated; Complete List of Nominees |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gima-awards-2015-ankit-tiwari-alia-bhatt-others-nominated-complete-list-nominees-623619 |access-date=16 April 2015 |date=16 February 2015 |work=International Business Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217074141/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gima-awards-2015-ankit-tiwari-alia-bhatt-others-nominated-complete-list-nominees-623619 |archive-date=17 February 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=GIMA Over The Years Film Music Nominees |url=http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |access-date=16 April 2015 |publisher=[[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205084651/http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |archive-date= 5 February 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=GIMA Winners for 2015 |url=http://gima.co.in/oty-winners_2015.php |access-date=16 April 2015 |publisher=Global Indian Music Academy Awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417143816/http://www.gima.co.in/oty-winners_2015.php |archive-date=17 April 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Arranger & Programmer<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}, Sourav Roy<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Director<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Playback Singer – Female<br />
| {{Sort|Srikar|[[Nandini Srikar]]}} <small>(for song "Harjaiyaan")</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Playback Singer – Male<br />
| {{Sort|Janjua|[[Labh Janjua]]}} <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Film Song<br />
| {{sort|London Thumakda|"London Thumakda"}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Film Album<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| Indian Film Festival of Melbourne<br />
| 3 May 2014<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Big B honoured with International Screen Icon award at IFFM |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Big-B-honoured-with-International-Screen-Icon-award-at-IFFM/articleshow/34626659.cms |access-date=15 July 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507044218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Big-B-honoured-with-International-Screen-Icon-award-at-IFFM/articleshow/34626659.cms |archive-date= 7 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="7" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[16th IIFA Awards|7 June 2015]]{{efn|The awards in the technical categories were announced on 22 April 2015. The presentation for the awards in the technical category was held on 5 June 2015, and the main award ceremony took place on 7 June 2015.<ref name="iifa"/>}}<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Movie|Best Movie]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" |<ref name="iifa">{{cite news|title=Shahid Kapoor's 'Haider' wins big at IIFA technical awards |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shahid-kapoor-s-haider-wins-big-at-iifa-technical-awards-2079740 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=22 April 2015 |access-date=23 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613095559/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shahid-kapoor-s-haider-wins-big-at-iifa-technical-awards-2079740 |archive-date=13 June 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title='2 States', 'Haider' lead IIFA 2015 nominations, Aamir and SRK pitted for best actor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-2-states-haider-lead-iifa-2015-nominations-aamir-and-srk-pitted-for-best-actor-2077364 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=14 April 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417151252/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-2-states-haider-lead-iifa-2015-nominations-aamir-and-srk-pitted-for-best-actor-2077364 |archive-date=17 April 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title='Queen' wins top honours at IIFA |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=8 June 2015 |date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132306/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}} <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Haydon|[[Lisa Haydon]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}, Chaitali Parmar, Parvez Shaikh<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}, Chaitali Parmar, Parvez Shaikh<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]<br />
| {{Sort|Kashyap|[[Anurag Kashyap]]}}, [[Abhijit Kokate]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Jagran Film Festival<br />
|rowspan="3" | 28 September 2014<br />
| Best Actor (Female)<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}} <br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite news|title=5th Jagran Film Festival concludes with award ceremony |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/5th-jagran-film-festival-concludes-with-award-ceremony/15642169#sthash.s2Rho6K2.dpuf |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418072302/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/5th-jagran-film-festival-concludes-with-award-ceremony/15642169 |archive-date=18 April 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Music<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Singer (Female)<br />
| {{Sort|Alvares|[[Shefali Alvares]]}} <small>(for song "O Gujariya")</small><br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Lions Gold Awards<br />
| 8 January 2015<br />
| Favourite Actress in Supporting Role (Female)<br />
| {{Sort|Haydon|[[Lisa Haydon]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhalla |first=Radhika |title=Priyanka Chopra walks away with Lion's best actress award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/priyanka-chopra-walks-away-with-lions-best-actress-award-234672-2015-01-08 |date=8 January 2015 |work=India Today |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417011921/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/priyanka-chopra-walks-away-with-lions-best-actress-award/1/412045.html |archive-date=17 April 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="5"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
|rowspan="5"| [[7th Mirchi Music Awards|27 February 2015]]<br />
| Song of the Year<br />
| {{sort|London Thumakda|"London Thumakda"}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=7th Mirchi Music Awards Nominations |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/2014/nomination.php |publisher=[[Mirchi Music Awards]] |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213105428/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/2014/nomination.php |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Album of the Year<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Upcoming Vocalist (Male) of the Year<br />
| {{Sort|Ram|Rupesh Kumar Ram}} <small>(for song "Ranjha")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of the Year]]<br />
| {{Sort|Nath|Raghu Nath}} <small>(for song "Ranjha")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Programmer & Arranger of the Year<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}, Sourav Roy <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[National Film Awards]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[62nd National Film Awards|3 May 2015]]<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=62ndfinal>{{cite web<br />
|title=62nd National Film Awards for 2014 (Press Release) <br />
|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf <br />
|work=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] <br />
|date=24 February 2015 <br />
|access-date=25 March 2015 <br />
|url-status=live <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123148/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf <br />
|archive-date= 2 April 2015 <br />
}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/62nd-national-film-awards-winners-haider-wins-five-queen-two/ |title=62nd National Film Awards' winners: 'Haider' wins five, Kangana Ranaut's 'Queen' two |work=The Indian Express |date=24 March 2015 |access-date=24 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325062007/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/62nd-national-film-awards-winners-haider-wins-five-queen-two/ |archive-date=25 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="14" | [[Screen Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="14" | 14 January 2015<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="14" |<ref name="screen">{{cite news|title=21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards nominations |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |access-date=8 January 2015 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=8 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161059/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |archive-date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/120115-screen-awards-2015-live/ |title=Highlights: 21st Life OK Screen Awards: Shahid Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra win Best Actor, 'Queen' Best Film |last=Sharma |first=Sarika |work=The Indian Express |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125840/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/120115-screen-awards-2015-live/ |archive-date=14 January 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|title=Crowd Favourites |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |access-date=5 January 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205031/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |archive-date= 3 January 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711235814/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress – Popular Choice]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
| {{Sort|Rao|[[Rajkummar Rao]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Haydon|[[Lisa Haydon]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback]]<br />
| {{Sort|Janjua|[[Labh Janjua]]}} <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}, Chaitali Parmar, Parvez Shaikh<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]<br />
| {{Sort|Guptan|[[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]}}, [[Kangana Ranaut]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]<br />
| {{Sort|Agrawal|Chinmaya Agrawal}}<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]<br />
| {{Sort|Kashyap|[[Anurag Kashyap]]}}, [[Abhijit Kokate]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Cinematography<br />
| {{Sort|Singh|[[Bobby Singh (cinematographer)|Bobby Singh]]}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Costume<br />
| {{Sort|Nath|Manoshi Nath}}, Rushi Sharma<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[Star Guild Awards]]{{efn|Also known as Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch: Was Salman Khan joking or just being rude? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-just-being-rude/381843-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=3 January 2015 |date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606195109/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-just-being-rude/381843-8-66.html |archive-date= 6 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Film Producers Guild of India |title=Star Guild Awards |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/ApsaraAwards2012/about |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=6 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309222807/https://www.youtube.com/user/ApsaraAwards2012/about |archive-date= 9 March 2016 }}</ref>}}<br />
| rowspan="11" |12 January 2015<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="11" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7757 |title=Winners of 10th Renault Star Guild Awards |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113031302/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7757 |archive-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/star-guild-awards-2015-queen-pk-lead-nominations-724735 |title=Star Guild Awards 2015: Queen, PK Lead Nominations |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=9 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114114955/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/star-guild-awards-2015-queen-pk-lead-nominations-724735 |archive-date=14 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]<br />
| {{Sort|Haydon|[[Lisa Haydon]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br />
| {{Sort|Janjua|[[Labh Janjua]]}} <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Story<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}, Chaitali Parmar, Parvez Shaikh<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Screenplay<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}, Chaitali Parmar, Parvez Shaikh<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Dialogue<br />
| {{Sort|Dutt|[[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]}}, [[Kangana Ranaut]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Lyrics<br />
| {{Sort|Dutt|[[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]}} <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}} <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Editing<br />
| {{Sort|Kashyap|[[Anurag Kashyap]]}}, [[Abhijit Kokate]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[Stardust Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="6" | 15 December 2014<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" |<ref name="stardustwins">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |title=Winners of Stardust Awards 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215100048/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |archive-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107084431/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |archive-date= 7 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{Sort|Bahl|[[Vikas Bahl]]}}{{efn|Tied with [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] for ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''.<ref name="stardustwins"/>}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Star of the Year Award - Female|Star of the Year Award – Female]]<br />
| {{Sort|Ranaut|[[Kangana Ranaut]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Director<br />
| {{Sort|Trivedi|[[Amit Trivedi]]}}<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Playback Singer – Female<br />
| {{Sort|Kakkar|[[Neha Kakkar]]}}, [[Sonu Kakkar]] <small>(for song "London Thumakda")</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2014]]<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3322420/awards?ref_=tt_awd Accolades for ''Queen''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Queen}}<br />
[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film]]</div>
Maryslanker