Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir

2026-05-31T05:11:01Z

Marinawxb: added references

{{Short description|Leader of the executive branch of Government of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox political post
| post = Chief Minister
| body = Jammu and Kashmir
| insignia = Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg
| insigniasize = 180px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 100px
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| image = Omar Abdullah, Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| incumbent = [[Omar Abdullah]]
| incumbentsince = 16 October 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/omar-abdullah-jammu-and-kashmir-cm-cabinet-ministers-9622879/ | title=As Omar takes oath as J&K CM, here are the ministers in his Cabinet | date=16 October 2024 }}</ref>
| department = {{ubl|[[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister's Office]]|[[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}
| style = {{ubl|'''Mahoday'''/'''Mahodaya''': ({{small|in India}})|[[The Honourable]] {{small|(formal)}}|[[Mister|Mr. Chief Minister]] {{small|(informal)}}}}
| type = [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir|Head of government]]
| status = Leader of the Executive
| residence = 40, Gupkar Road, [[Srinagar]]
| seat = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Civil Secretariat, Old Heritage City, Srinagar]]
| reports_to = * [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| appointer = [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| appointer_qualified = by [[Political convention|convention]] based on appointees ability to command [[confidence]] in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| inaugural = [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
| formation = {{Start date and age|1965|03|30|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
| abbreviation = CMoJK
| member_of = {{ubl|[[Second Omar Abdullah ministry|State Cabinet]]|[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]}}
| termlength = At the confidence of the assembly
| termlength_qualified = Chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.
| nominator = MLAs of the majority party or alliance
| deputy = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| salary = {{ubl|{{INRConvert|140000}}/monthly|
{{INRConvert|1680000}}/annually}}
| website = [https://jk.gov.in/jammukashmir/ Official website]
| native_name = جموں و کشمیر کے وزیر اعلیٰ जम्मू और कश्मीर के मुख्यमंत्री
}}

The '''chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir''' is the [[head of government]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. As per the [[Constitution of India]], the [[List of lieutenant governors of Jammu and Kashmir|lieutenant governor]] is the union territory's ''de jure'' head, but ''de facto'' executive authority rests with the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]]. Following elections to the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]], the lieutenant governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir|government]]. The lieutenant governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the assembly.Chief Minister also serves as Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly.<ref>https://apuat21.cgg.gov.in/web/legislative-assembly/leader-of-the-house</ref>

The post was established after the 6th amendment to the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir|state's constitution]] (effective 6 June 1965) abolished the title of '''Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=A J&K Primer: From Myth to Reality {{!}} Centre for Policy Research|url=https://www.cprindia.org/research/papers/jk-primer-myth-reality|website=www.cprindia.org|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/From-1965-to-2009-Omar-is-the-8th-CM/Article1-363421.aspx |title=From 1965 to 2009, Om Prakash is the eighth chief minister |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629220007/https://www.hindustantimes.com/From-1965-to-2009-Omar-is-the-8th-CM/Article1-363421.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chronicle of Important events/date in J&K's political history|url=http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/basicfacts/politics/political_history.html|website=www.jammu-kashmir.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Subsequently, the then prime minister, [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]], was sworn in as the first chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir. The [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|State of Jammu and Kashmir]] was bifurcated and [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|reorganised]] as a [[union territory]] on 31 October 2019.

The office of the chief minister became vacant on 20 June 2018. Until 19 December 2018, the state was under governor's rule, and then under [[President's rule (India)|president's rule]] until 30 October 2019. After the state was reorganised into a union territory in October 2019, the president's rule was discharged via the lieutenant governor. The lieutenant governor served as the head of government of the [[union territory of Jammu and Kashmir]] until a new chief minister was in place following the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]].

== Oath as the state chief minister ==
The chief minister serves five years in the office. The following is the oath of the Deputy chief minister of state:
{{Blockquote|text= I, <Name of Chief Minister>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a Minister for the State of () and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.|sign=|source=}}Oath of Secrecy
"I, [Name], do swear in the name of God / solemnly affirm that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as a Minister for the State of [Name of State] except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such Minister.1. Oath of Office (Ohde Ka Halaf)
Text:
"Main, [Aap ka Naam], khuda ke naam par halaf uthata hoon / iqrar karta hoon ke main qanoon ke mutabiq qayam-shuda Bharat ke Aaeen (Constitution) par sacha aqeeda aur wafadari rakhunga,
Ke main Bharat ki khud-mukhtari (sovereignty) aur ikhtiyar-e-aala (integrity) ko barqarar rakhunga,
Ke main [Riyasat ka Naam] ke Waziri-e-Aala (Chief Minister) ke taur par apne faraiz (duties) ko wafadari aur poori dyanatdari se anjam doonga,
Aur main baghair kisi khauf ya tarafdari, dosti ya dushmani ke, sabhi tarah ke logon ke sath Aaeen aur qanoon ke mutabiq insaf karoonga."
2. Oath of Secrecy (Raazdari Ka Halaf)
Text:
"Main, [Aap ka Naam], khuda ke naam par halaf uthata hoon / iqrar karta hoon ke jo koi bhi mamla [Riyasat ka Naam] ke Waziri-e-Aala (Chief Minister) ke taur par mere samne laya jayega ya mujhe maloom hoga,
Use main kisi bhi shakhs ya ashkhash (persons) ko, us waqt ke siwaye jab ke aise Waziri-e-Aala ke taur par apne faraiz ki dharstgi (discharge) ke liye aisa karna zaroori ho, bil-wasta (directly) ya bila-wasta (indirectly) zahir ya bayaan nahi karoonga."

==Predecessors==
=== Prime ministers of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1947) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! #
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
|-
| 1
| [[Daljit Singh (politician, born 1882)|Raja Sir Daljit Singh]]
| 1917
| 1921
|-
| 2
| Raja [[Hari Singh]]
| 1925
| 1927
|-
| 3
| [[Albion Rajkumar Banerjee|Sir Albion Banerjee]]
| January 1927
| March 1929
|-
| 4
| [[G. E. C. Wakefield]]
| 1929
| 1931
|-
| 5
| [[Hari Krishan Kaul]]<ref name=Copland>{{citation |last=Copland |first=Ian |title=Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=54 |number=2 |date=1981 |pages=228–259 |doi=10.2307/2757363 |jstor=2757363}}</ref>
| 1931
| 1932
|-
| 6
| [[Elliot James Dowell Colvin]]<ref name=Copland/>
| 1932
| 1936
|-
| 7
| [[Barjor Jamshedjee Dalal|Sir Barjor J. Dalal]]
| 1936
| 1936
|-
| 8
| Sir [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]]
| 1937
| July 1943
|-
| 9
| [[Kailash Narain Haksar]]
| July 1943
| February 1944
|-
| 10
| Sir [[B. N. Rau]]
| February 1944
| 28 June 1945
|-
| 11
| [[Ram Chandra Kak]]
| 28 June 1945
| 11 August 1947
|-
| 12
| [[Janak Singh]]
| 11 August 1947
| 15 October 1947
|-
| 13
| [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
| 15 October 1947
| 27 October 1947
|}

===Prime ministers of the State of Jammu and Kashmir (1947–1965)===
'''Colour key for parties'''
{{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|Grey|Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | #{{efn|A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Name
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Constituency
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Tenure<ref name="list">[http://jkgad.nic.in/PDF/cmarchive.PDF Prime Ministers and Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir since 1947]. General Administration Department, [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]. Retrieved on 29 April 2014.</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Assembly
! rowspan="2" |Appointer
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" | Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|-
!From
!To
!Days in office
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 1
| [[File:Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
| {{dash}}
| 27 October 1947
| 30 October 1947
| {{age in years and days|1947|10|27|1947|10|30}}
| rowspan="2" |Interim
Government
| rowspan="3" |[[Hari Singh]]
(Maharaja)
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: Grey" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|108x108px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dash}}
| 30 October 1947
| 31 October 1951
| rowspan="2" |{{age in years and days|1947|10|30|1953|8|9}}
| rowspan="6" | [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |

|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 31 October 1951
| 9 August 1953
| rowspan="2" |1st
{{small|([[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election|1951 election]])}}

|- align="center" style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |3
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]]
| rowspan="3" |Safa Kadal
| 9 August 1953
| 25 March 1957
| rowspan="3" | {{age in years and days|1953|8|9|1963|12|12}}
| rowspan="5" |[[Karan Singh]]
(Sadr-e-Riyasat)
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 25 March 1957
| 18 February 1962
|2nd
{{small|([[1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]])}}

|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 18 February 1962
| 12 October 1963
| rowspan="3" |3rd
{{small|([[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])}}

|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 4
||
| [[Khwaja Shamsuddin]]
| Anantnag
| 12 October 1963
| 29 February 1964
| {{age in years and days|1963|10|12|1964|2|29}}

|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 5
| [[File:Gulam Mohammad Sadiq.png|94x94px]]
| [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
| Tankipura
| 29 February 1964
| 30 March 1965
| {{age in years and days|1964|2|29|1965|3|30}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|}

== Chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir (1965–present) ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" |#{{efn|A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |[[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
! colspan="3" |Tenure<ref name="list" />
! rowspan="2" |Assembly
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party{{efn|name=party2|This columnister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|-
!From
!To
!Days in office
|-
| colspan="10" style="background:#d8ecff;" | '''State of Jammu and Kashmir (1965–2019)'''
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Gulam Mohammad Sadiq.png|94x94px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
| [[Tankipora Assembly constituency|Tankipora]]
| 30 March 1965
| 21 February 1967
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|30 march 1965|12 december 1971}}
|3rd
{{small|([[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="4" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| [[Amira Kadal Assembly constituency|Amira Kadal]]
| 21 February 1967
| 12 December 1971
| rowspan="2" |4th
{{small|([[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967 election]])}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Syed Mir Qasim]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Verinag Assembly constituency|Verinag]]
| 12 December 1971
| 17 June 1972
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|12 december 1971|25 february 1975}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 17 June 1972
| 25 February 1975
| rowspan="2" |5th
{{small|([[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]])}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 3
| [[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|108x108px]]
| [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council|MLC]]
| 25 February 1975
| 26 March 1977
| {{Ayd|25 february 1975|26 march 1977}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 26 March 1977
| style="background:silver;" | 9 July 1977
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|1977|3|26|1977|7|9}}
| style="background:silver;" |''Dissolved''
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" | N/A
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
| [[File:Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg|108x108px]]
| [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| [[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
| 9 July 1977
| 8 September 1982
| {{age in years and days|1977|7|9|1982|9|8}}
| rowspan="2" |6th
{{small|([[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Farooq Abdullah with Greg Barker (cropped).jpg|90x90px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
| 8 September 1982
| 24 November 1983
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 september 1982|2 july 1984}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 24 November 1983
| 2 July 1984
| rowspan="5" |7th
{{small|([[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983 election]])}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| 5
|
| [[Ghulam Mohammad Shah]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council|MLC]]
| 2 July 1984
| 6 March 1986
| {{age in years and days|1984|7|2|1986|3|6}}
|[[Awami National Conference]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: pink" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 6 March 1986
| style="background:silver;" | 5 September 1986
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|1986|3|6|1986|9|5}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;" |7
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[President's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 6 September 1986
| style="background:silver;" | 7 November 1986
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|1986|9|6|1986|11|7}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan=2|(4)
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Farooq Abdullah with Greg Barker (cropped).jpg|90x90px]]
| rowspan=2|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| rowspan=2|[[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
| 7 November 1986
| 23 March 1987
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|7 november 1986|19 january 1990}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 23 March 1987
| 19 January 1990
|8th
{{small|([[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 19 January 1990
| style="background:silver;" | 18 July 1990
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|1990|1|19|1990|7|18}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:silver;" |''Dissolved''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;" |7
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[President's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 19 July 1990
| style="background:silver;" | 9 October 1996
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|1990|7|19|1996|10|9}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (4)
| [[File:Farooq Abdullah with Greg Barker (cropped).jpg|90x90px]]
| [[Farooq Abdullah]]
| [[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
| 9 October 1996
| 18 October 2002
| {{age in years and days|1996|10|9|2002|10|18}}
|9th {{small|[[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(1996 election)]]}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | -
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 18 October 2002
| style="background:silver;" | 2 November 2002
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2002|10|18|2002|11|2}}
| rowspan="3" |10th {{small|[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(2002 election)]]}}
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 6
| [[File:Mufti Mohammad Sayeed.jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
| [[Pahalgam Assembly constituency|Pahalgam]]
| 2 November 2002
| 2 November 2005
| {{age in years and days|2002|11|2|2005|11|2}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: green" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 7
| [[File:Ghulam Nabi Azad-cropped.JPG|98x98px]]
| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| [[Bhaderwah Assembly constituency|Bhaderwah]]
| 2 November 2005
| 11 July 2008
| {{age in years and days|2005|11|2|2008|7|11}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 11 July 2008
| style="background:silver;" | 5 January 2009
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2008|7|11|2009|1|5}}
| style="background:silver;" |''Dissolved''
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 8
| [[File:Omar Abdullah, Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir.jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Omar Abdullah]]
| [[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
| 5 January 2009
| 8 January 2015
| {{age in years and days|2009|1|5|2015|1|8}}
|11th {{small|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(2008 election)]]}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant''<ref name="guv">Bharti Jain. "[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/45822947.cms Governor's rule imposed in Jammu & Kashmir]". ''[[The Times of India]]''. 9 January 2015.</ref> ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 8 January 2015
| style="background:silver;" | 1 March 2015
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2015|1|8|2015|3|1}}
| rowspan="4" |12th {{small|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|(2014 election)]]}}
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (6)
| [[File:Mufti Mohammad Sayeed.jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
| [[Anantnag Assembly constituency|Anantnag]]
| 1 March 2015
| 7 January 2016
| {{age in years and days|2015|3|1|2016|1|7}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: green" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant'' ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 7 January 2016
| style="background:silver;" | 4 April 2016
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2016|1|7|2016|4|4}}
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 9
| [[File:MehboobaMufti Ji.jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
| [[Anantnag Assembly constituency|Anantnag]]
| 4 April 2016
| 19 June 2018
| {{age in years and days|2016|4|4|2018|6|19}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]]
|{{party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Seal of Jammu and Kashmir color.png|85x85px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant''<ref>"[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-approves-governors-rule-in-jammu-and-kashmir/articleshow/64657389.cms President approves governor's rule in Jammu and Kashmir]". ''[[The Times of India]]''. 20 June 2018.</ref> ([[Governor's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 20 June 2018
| style="background:silver;" | 19 December 2018
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2018|6|20|2018|12|19}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:silver;" |''Dissolved''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"|
| style="background:silver;" | –
| style="background:silver;" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant''<ref name="prez">"[https://in.news.yahoo.com/president-rule-imposed-jammu-kashmir-132250787.html President’s Rule Imposed in Jammu and Kashmir]". ''[[The Quint]]''. 19 December 2018.</ref> ([[President's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | 20 December 2018
| style="background:silver;" | 30 October 2019
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2018|12|20|2019|10|30}}
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#d8ecff;" | '''Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (2019–present)'''{{efn|Following the abrogation of [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Article 370]]<ref name="art370">{{cite news
|title=Article 370 revoked, Jammu and Kashmir bifurcated into two Union Territories
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article-370-scrapped-jammu-kashmir-bifurcated-into-two-union-territories/article28893684.ece
|work=The Hindu
|date=5 August 2019
|access-date=10 May 2026
}}</ref> and the enactment of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]], the former state of Jammu and Kashmir was reorganised into the union territories of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]] on 31 October 2019. The office of chief minister remained vacant until the formation of an elected government in October 2024.}}
|-
| style="background:silver;" |–
! style="background:silver;" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| style="background:silver;" | ''Vacant''<ref name="prez" /> ([[President's rule]])
| style="background:silver;" | N/A
| style="background:silver;" | {{efn|After [[Jammu & Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019]]}} 31 October 2019
| style="background:silver;" | 14 October 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/presidents-rule-revoked-in-jammu-and-kashmir-paves-way-for-omar-abdullah-govt-101728842686253.html|title=President's rule revoked in Jammu and Kashmir, paves way for Omar Abdullah govt|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=14 October 2024}}</ref>
| style="background:silver;" | {{age in years and days|2019|10|31|2024|10|14}}
| style="background:silver;" |''Dissolved''
| colspan="2" style="background:silver;" |N/A
|-
|(8)
|[[File:Omar Abdullah, Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir.jpg|94x94px]]
|[[Omar Abdullah]]
|[[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
|16 October 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2024|10|16}}
|[[13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly|13th]] {{small|([[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 election]])}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
! width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
|}

==Statistics==
===Prime Minister/Chief Minister of State/Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" |#
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Prime/Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan="2" |<abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of terms
! colspan="2" |Term of office
|-
! Longest continuous term
! Total duration of prime/chief ministership
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
| [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|4
| 5 years, 157 days
| 12 years, 247 days
|-
! data-sort-value="2" | 2
| [[Farooq Abdullah]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|5
| 6 years, 9 days
| 11 years, 15 days
|-
! data-sort-value="3" | 3
| [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|3
| 10 years, 125 days
| 10 years, 125 days
|-
! data-sort-value="4" | 4
| [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3
| 6 years, 257 days
| 7 years, 287 days
|-
! data-sort-value="5" | 5
| '''[[Omar Abdullah]]'''*
| {{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|'''2'''*
| '''6 years, 3 days'''*
| '''{{age in years and days|2018|10|14}}'''*
|-
! data-sort-value="6" | 6
| [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|2
| 3 years, 0 days
| 3 years, 312 days
|-
! data-sort-value="7" | 7
| [[Syed Mir Qasim]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2
| 3 years, 75 days
| 3 years, 75 days
|-
! data-sort-value="8" | 8
| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1
| 2 years, 252 days
| 2 years, 252 days
|-
! data-sort-value="9" | 9
| [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|1
| 2 years, 77 days
| 2 years, 77 days
|-
! data-sort-value="10" | 10
| [[Ghulam Mohammad Shah]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference}}
|1
| 1 year, 247 days
| 1 year, 247 days
|-
! data-sort-value="11" | 11
| [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
| {{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|1
| 142 days
| 142 days
|-
! data-sort-value="12" | 12
| [[Khwaja Shamsuddin]]
| {{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|1
| 140 days
| 140 days
|-
! data-sort-value="13" | {{ndash}}
| [[President's rule]] / [[Governor's rule]]
| {{Party name with color|N/A}}
| 12
| 6 years, 82 days
| 14 years, 330 days
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Current Indian chief ministers}}

[[Category:Chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir| ]]
[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir-related lists|Chief Ministers]]

Kalchini Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T03:42:08Z

Marinawxb:

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About| the assembly constituency in West Bengal|2. its namesake neighbourhood|Kalchini, Alipurduar|3.its namesake community development block|Kalchini}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalchini
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Kalchini.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kalchini Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Bishal Lama]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduars]]
| constituency_no = 11
| established = 1957
| electors = 247,425
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
}}

'''Kalchini Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Alipurduar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 11 Kalchini Assembly constituency (ST) covers [[Kalchini (Community development block)|Kalchini]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Majherdabri [[gram panchayat]] of [[Alipurduar II (Community development block)|Alipurduar II]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 21 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission}}</ref>

Kalchini Assembly constituency is part of No. 2 [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (ST).<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#EAECF0;"
! style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Election Year
! style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | Name of M.L.A.
! style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" Colspan=2| Party Affiliation
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Debendranath Brahma Mandal]]
| style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Nani Bhattacharya]]
| style="background-color:#ff4a4a;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Denis Lakra]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Manohar Tirkey]]
| style="background-color:#ff4a4a;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Khudiram Pahan]]
| style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Manohar Tirkey]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#ff4a4a;" |
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;" | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Paban Kumar Lakra]]
| style="background-color:#00bfff;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Manohar Tirkey]]
| style="background-color:#ff4a4a;" |
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;" | [[2009 By-election]]
| rowspan="3" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Wilson Champramary|Wilson Champamari]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#9b9b9b;" |
| rowspan="2" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|(Supported by GJM]])
|-
| style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;" | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| style="background-color:#20c646;" |
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| rowspan="2" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Bishal Lama]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#ff9933;" |
| rowspan="2" style="color:#0645AD;" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"
| style="color:#0645AD;" | [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalchini}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bishal Lama
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:114759}}
|percentage = 56.64
|change = {{up}}3.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Birendra Bara (Oraon)
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:76916}}
|percentage = 37.96
|change = {{down}}0.10
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anjan Chik Baraik
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:3186}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change = {{down}}1.23
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Passang Sherpa
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:2405}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:1795}}
|percentage = 0.89
|change = {{down}}0.32
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:37843}}
|percentage = 18.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:202607}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Bishal Lama of BJP defeated his nearest rival Passang Lama of TMC.
{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalchini}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bishal Lama
|votes = 1,03,104
|percentage = 52.65
|change = Winner
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Passang Lama
|votes = 74,528
|percentage = 38.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Avijit Narjinary
|votes = 5,482
|percentage = 2.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Binay Narjinary
||votes = 2,425
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rekha Lakra (Ekka)
|votes = 2,251
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Prakash Kujur
|votes = 1,869
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
|candidate = Chanchal Narjinary
|votes = 1,164
|percentage = 0.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sukumar Minj
|votes = 910
|percentage = 0.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Ashok Lama
|votes = 803
|percentage = 0.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Hakim Mahali
|votes = 479
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Madan Kumar Uraon
|votes = 423
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2,377
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,95,815
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Wilson Chapramary of TMC defeated his nearest rival Bishal Lama of BJP.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalchini (ST) constituency}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Wilson Champramary]]
|votes = 62,061
|percentage = 34.99
|change = Winner
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bishal Lama
|votes = 60,550
|percentage = 34.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Avijit Narjinary
|votes = 14,220
|percentage = 8.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = John Philip Xalxo
|votes = 11,905
|percentage = 6.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Biswajit Minj
|votes = 7,458
|percentage = 4.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Atul Suba
|votes = 6,514
|percentage = 3.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Pankaj Tirkey
|votes = 2,551
|percentage = 1.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sujit Mahali
|votes = 2,453
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rakesh Kiran Indwar
|votes = 1,954
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Sukhan Munda
|votes = 1,148
|percentage = 0.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jay Bhadra Karjee
|votes = 1,087
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Usha Tamang
|votes = 931
|percentage = 0.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 4,524
|percentage = 2.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,511
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,77,356
|percentage = 81.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = GJM-supported Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Wilson Chapramary (GJM supported Independent) defeated his nearest rival Binay Bhushan Kerketta of RSP.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalchini (ST) constituency}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Independent/[[GJMM|GJM]] supported
|candidate = [[Wilson Champramary]]
|votes = 46,455
|percentage = 30.05
|change = Winner
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Binay Bhusan Kerketta
|votes = 39,210
|percentage = 25.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Sandip Ekka
|votes = 36,285
|percentage = 23.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Paban Kumar Lakra
|votes = 27,662
|percentage = 17.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Rashtriya Deshaj Party
|candidate = Nabin Prakash Kerketta
|votes = 2,861
|percentage = 1.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bagrai Marandi
|votes = 2,096
|percentage = 1.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,245
|percentage = 4.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,569
|percentage = 84.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold |
|winner = GJM-supported Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 by election===
Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In the 2009 by elections caused by the election of the sitting MLA [[Manohar Tirkey]] of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] to the Lok Sabha from [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Wilson Champamari, Independent candidate supported by the [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] defeated his nearest rival Sandip Ekka of Adivasi Vikas Parishad.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Manohar Tirkey of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] defeated Paban Kumar Lakra of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Paban Kumar Lakra of Congress defeated Manohar Tirkey of RSP in 2001. Manohar Tirkey of RSP defeated Khudiram Pahan of Congress in 1996 and Khudiram Orao of Congress in 1991. Khudiram Pahan of Congress defeated Manohar Tirkey of RSP in 1987. Manohar Tirkey of RSP defeated Khudiram Pahan of Congress in 1982, and Denish Lakra of Congress in 1977.

===1957-1972===
Denis Lakra of Congress won in 1972, 1971, 1969, 1967. Nani Bhatacharya of RSP won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]] when it was an open seat. Debendra Nath Brahma Mandal and Anima Hoare, both of Congress, won in 1957 when it was a joint seat reserved for ST.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Alipurduar topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Alipurduar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Wives of Ranjit Singh

2026-05-04T04:24:18Z

Marinawxb: starting bio

{{Short description|Maharaja's wives and concubines}}
[[File:Genealogical notes of Sikh emperors from the Lahore Durbar, focusing on their wives and children, from the personal notebook and copybook of Duleep Singh, ca.1855–60.jpg|thumb|Genealogical notes on Sikh emperors from the Lahore Durbar, focusing on their wives and children, from the personal notebook and copybook of Duleep Singh, ca.1855–60. The many wives of Ranjit Singh and their children are enumerated.]]
[[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] had many wives, possibly around thirty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Manimugdha S. |date=21 February 2021 |title=Sikh history shows that Punjabi women have been active in politics for centuries, says British historian Priya Atwal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/sikh-history-shows-that-punjabi-women-have-been-active-in-politics-for-centuries-says-british-historian-priya-atwal/articleshow/81129270.cms |access-date=2 August 2025 |work=Times of India |quote=The Maharaja had at least 30 wives — according to my estimate! My book includes a ‘marriage map’ which plots where these women came from. Ranjit Singh’s queens were Sikh, Hindu and Muslim; his marriages to them helped cement Sukerchakia dynastic ties throughout the different classes and ethnic groups of its growing empire within and beyond the Punjab.}}</ref> Furthermore, he kept a company of around twenty-three concubines and a 150 dancing-girls, mostly from [[Kashmir]] and the [[Hill States of India|Punjab Hills]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Amarinder |date=7 March 2010 |title=The man with 20 wives |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/the-man-with-20-wives/cid/535841 |access-date=2 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh's 20 wives and 23 concubines {{!}} Moving to Canada I Canada news I Indo-Canadian news |url=https://thecanadianbazaar.com/life-style/culture/maharaja-ranjit-singhs-wives/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> The numerous wives were of various ethnic backgrounds, such as Punjabi, Pashtun, and Pahari, and also various caste-backgrounds, such as Jatt, Rajput, and Gujjar. The marriages initially helped strengthen the Sukerchakia Misl and later the Sikh Empire, due to marital-alliances to various groups.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Diya |date=7 January 2021 |title=Book Review: Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire by Priya Atwal |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2021/01/07/book-review-royals-and-rebels-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-sikh-empire-by-priya-atwal/ |access-date=2 August 2025 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |quote=By taking on wives who came from across the regions and communities of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh was able to broaden his kinship ties and establish his ruling base – similar, Atwal argues, to the practices of the Mughal emperor Akbar before him.}}</ref> After Ranjit Singh provided help to Sansar Chand of Kangra against the invading Gurkhas, he married two of the Kangra ruler's daughters.<ref name=":4" /> At-least five of his wives were Muslim.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahmood |first=Parvez |date=28 February 2020 |title=Queen of Takht-e-Lahore |url=https://thefridaytimes.com/28-Feb-2020/queen-of-takht-e-lahore |access-date=2 August 2025 |work=The Friday Times }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

Recent scholarship has argued that historians' focus on the Maharaja has hidden the political role of "the ruling women and young princes of Ranjit Singh's new royal house", who in fact had a strong influence on the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvcTEAAAQBAJ&dq=wives+of+ranjit+singh&pg=PP1 |title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire |date=2021-01-15 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-756693-0 |language=en}}</ref> A 2021 novel by [[Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni]] titled ''[[The Last Queen]]'' tells the story of Ranjit Singh's last wife, [[Jind Kaur]], and interweaves stories of the other wives in the [[zenana]], including Rani Guddan, Chand Kaur and Pathani.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Ritika |date=28 Mar 2021 |title=The Last Queen (Book Review): A warrior woman |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2505779758 |work=Financial Express |id={{ProQuest|2505779758}} }}</ref>

== List of notable wives ==

=== Mehtab Kaur ===
''Main Article: [[Mehtab Kaur]]''

Jean-Marie Lafont notes that Ranjit Singh's first wife, Mehtab Kaur, was the only wife to bear the title of 'Maharani'.<ref name="Lafont2002p33">{{cite book |author=Jean Marie Lafont |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjduAAAAMAAJ |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-566111-8 |pages=33–34, 15–16}}</ref> Mehtab Kaur was betrothed to Ranjit Singh in 1786, married him in 1789, and was sent to live with him from 1796 after the ''muklawa'' (a ceremonial tradition in which the bride is sent to live with her husband's family) occurred.<ref name="Atwal">{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |title=Royals and Rebels |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-754831-8 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197548318.001.0001}}</ref> According to historian Sardar Singh Bhatia, Mehtab, however, largely lived with her mother, [[Sada Kaur]], resenting Ranjit's father for having killed her own.<ref name="eos-mk">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Mahitab Kaur (d, 1813) |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/19/mode/1up |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |date=2011 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=III M–R |page=19 |language=English |isbn=978-8-1-7380-349-9 |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> Bhatia records that Mehtab had three sons: [[Ishar Singh (Sikh prince)|Ishar Singh]] (1804), [[Sher Singh]] (1807) and [[Tara Singh (Sikh prince)|Tara Singh]] (1807). Mehtab died in 1813.<ref name="Singh2008p300">{{cite book |author=Khushwant Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C |title=Ranjit Singh |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-14-306543-2 |pages=300–301 footnote 35}}</ref>

=== Raj Kaur ===
''Main Article: [[Datar Kaur|Raj Kaur]]''

Estranged from Mehtab Kaur, Ranjit Singh married Raj Kaur (also known as Datar Kaur and Mai Nakain) in 1797.<ref name="eos-mk" /> Bhatia notes that Raj Kaur was Ranjit Singh's 'favourite' wife and 'took active interest in the affairs of the State'.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |title=Raj Kaur (d. 1838) |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |year=2011 |isbn= |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=III M-R |pages=443}}</ref> Bhatia only makes notes of Raj Kaur's oldest son, [[Kharak Singh]], who was born in 1801.<ref name=":8" /> Later descendants of Ranjit Singh have proved that [[Prince Rattan Singh|Rattan Singh]] was also Raj Kaur's son.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yudhvir Rana |date=1 May 2015 |title=Descendants of Maharaja Ranjit Singh stakes claim on Gobindgarh Fort |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/descendants-of-maharaja-ranjit-singh-stakes-claim-on-gobindgarh-fort/articleshow/47123514.cms |access-date=22 September 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Raj Kaur died in 1838.<ref name=":8" />
With regard to her death ''The Missionary'' reported,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bHnf1rieYQC&q=%22The+Maharajah+was+never+the+same+person+again.+He+was+no+longer+able+to+mount+his+horse+himself+and+had+to+be+lifted+into+the+saddle.+His+recovery+was+retarded+by+the+death+of+Mai+Nakain,+his+favourite+wife+and+companion+of+over+forty+years+.+He+took+the+Nakain's+death+to+heart+and+brooded+over+it+a+long+time%22 |title=The Missionary |date=1963 |publisher=Hardev Bahadur Singh |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>"The Maharajah was never the same person again. He was no longer able to mount his horse himself and had to be lifted into the saddle. His recovery was retarded by the death of Mai Nakain, his favourite wife and companion of over forty years . He took the Nakain's death to heart and brooded over it a long time"</blockquote>

=== Ratan Kaur and Daya Kaur ===
Ratan Kaur and Daya Kaur were both wives of Sahib Singh Bhangi. When Sahib Singh Bhangi died, Ranjit Singh married the widows in 1811.<ref name="eos-dkr">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Daya Kaur, Rani (died 1843) |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIA-d/page/539/mode/1up |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |date=2011 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=I A–D |page=539 |language=English |isbn=978-8-1-7380-100-6 |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref><ref name="eos-rkr">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ratan Kaur, Rani |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/491/mode/1up |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |date=2011 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=III M-R |page=491 |language=English |isbn=978-8-1-7380-349-9 |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> Bhatia notes that the wedding was conducted via the ''chādar andāzī'' ceremony, a ceremony in which the marriage is effected upon the unfurling of a cloth on one's head.<ref name="eos-dkr" /> Daya Kaur had two children: [[Kashmira Singh]] and [[Pashaura Singh]] (1821). Ratan Kaur had one child, [[Multana Singh]] (1819). Both wives outlived Ranjit Singh.<ref name="eos-rkr" /><ref name="eos-dkr" />

=== Mahitab Devi and Raj Banso ===
''Main Article: [[Rani Katochan]]''

[[Rani Katochan|Mahitab Devi]] of [[Kangra district|Kangra]], also known as Randi Guddan or Rani Katochan, married Ranjit Singh in 1829. Bhatia notes that Mahitab Devi had 'great influence' over Ranjit Singh and advocated for the arts by 'establishing a school hill music and dance' and introducing 'the art of [[Phulkari]] embroidery'.<ref name=":9">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Mahitab Devi (d. 1839) |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/19/mode/1up |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |date=2011 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=III M-R |page=19 |language=English |isbn=978-8-1-7380-100-6 |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> Mahitab Devi died in 1839, taking her husband's head in her lap and performing [[Sati (practice)|sati]] by immolating herself in his funeral pyre.<ref name=":9" />

Raj Banso was Mahitab Devi's sister who also married Ranjit Singh in 1829. Bhatia notes that she was 'said to be the most beautiful of the Mahārāja's wives'.<ref name=":11">Bhatia, Sardar Singh (2011). "[[iarchive:TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/438/mode/1up|Raj Banso (d. 1835)]]". In [[Harbans Singh|Singh, Harbans]] (ed.). ''The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism''. Vol. III M-R (3rd ed.). Punjabi University Patiala. p. 438. {{ISBN|978-81-7380-100-6}}.</ref> An advocate for the arts, like her sister, Raj Banso committed suicide in 1835 'over a typical palace trifle'.<ref name=":11" /> Bhatia writes that Ranjit Singh performed her cremation ceremony himself.<ref name=":11" />

=== Jind Kaur ===
''Main Article: [[Jind Kaur]]''

Jind Kaur, wife of Ranjit Singh, is more notable as the mother of [[Duleep Singh]] (1838), the final ruler of the Sikh Empire.<ref name="eos-jkm">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jind Kaur, Maharani (1817–1863) |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/381/mode/1up |date=2011 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=II E–L |pages=381–384 |language=English |isbn=978-8-1-7380-204-1 |last1=Hasrat |first1=B. J. |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> Jind Kaur married Ranjit Singh in 1835 after her father, Manna Singh Aulakh, who happened to be Ranjit Singh's 'royal kennel keeper', convinced him of her beauty.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Bance |first=Bhupinder Singh |title=Jind Kaur (1817–1863), Maharani and Regent of Lahore |date=5 January 2006 |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}}</ref> Jind Kaur outlived Ranjit Singh and was appointed regent when her son was eligible for the throne.<ref name="eos-jkm" /><ref name=":10" />

== Other known wives ==
[[File:Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_with_wives_Wellcome_V0045197.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Ranjit Singh with some of his wives.]]
Ranjit Singh married more women towards the end of his life.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780197548318 |pages=55–56}}</ref> His other wives include Rani Har Devi of Atalgarh, Rani Aso Sircar and Rani Jag Deo. They had four daughters who could have been adopted.<ref name="Atwal" /> As the Sikh Empire expanded, Ranjit Singh married [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] women. In 1824 he married Jind Bani from Mankera and Gul Bano from [[Amritsar]]. In 1832 he married Zebo, a concubine from [[Kashmir]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780197548318 |pages=55–56}}</ref>

Ranjit Singh married many times, in various ceremonies, and according to some sources had twenty wives.<ref name="Anand2015p13">{{cite book |author=Anita Anand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd4yBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |title=Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-63286-081-1 |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Patwant Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |publisher=Peter Owen |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0 |page=69}}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin|Sir Lepel Griffin]], however, provides a list of just sixteen wives and their pension list. Most of his marriages were performed through chādar andāz.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griffin |first=Lepel Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&dq=raj+&pg=PA468 |title=The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government |date=1865 |publisher=T.C. McCarthy |language=en}}</ref> Some scholars note that the information on Ranjit Singh's marriages is unclear, and there is evidence that he had many concubines. Priya Atwal presents an official list of Ranjit Singh's thirty wives.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPcTEAAAQBAJ&q=royals+and+rebels |title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-756694-7 |language=en}}</ref> The women married through chādar andāzī were noted as concubines and were known as the lesser title of [[Rani]] (queen).<ref name="Postscript: Maharaja Duleep Singh">{{Citation |title=Emperor of the Five Rivers |date=2017 |section=Postscript: Maharaja Duleep Singh |publisher=I.B. Tauris |doi=10.5040/9781350986220.0008 |isbn=978-1-78673-095-4}}</ref> While Mehtab Kaur and Datar Kaur officially bore the title of [[Maharani]] (high queen), Datar Kaur officially became the Maharani after the death of Mehtab Kaur in 1813. Throughout her life was referred to as [[Empress consort|Sarkar Rani]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal Suri |first=Lala Sohan |title=Umdat Ul Tawarikh}}</ref> After her death, the title was held by Ranjit's youngest widow Jind Kaur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lafont |first=Jean Marie |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: lord of the five rivers |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-566111-7 |location=New Delhi |oclc=49618584}}</ref> According to Khushwant Singh in an 1889 interview with the French journal ''[[Le Voltaire (newspaper)|Le Voltaire]]'', his son Dalip (Duleep) Singh remarked, "I am the son of one of my father's forty-six wives."<ref name="Singh2008p300" /> Atwal notes that Ranjit Singh and his heirs entered a total of 46 marriages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |title=Royals and Rebels |year=2020}}</ref> But Ranjit Singh was known not to be a "rash sensualist" and commanded unusual respect in the eyes of others.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Duggal |first=Kartar Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4udb8LsF3-oC&q=rash |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Last to Lay Arms |date=2001 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-410-3 |language=en}}</ref> Faqir Sayyid Vaḥiduddin states: "If there was one thing in which Ranjit Singh failed to excel or even equal the average monarch of oriental history, it was the size of his harem."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vaḥīduddīn |first=Faqīr Sayyid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uaQGAQAAIAAJ |title=The Real Ranjit Singh |date=1965 |publisher=Lion Art Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1" /> George Keene noted, "In hundreds and in thousands the orderly crowds stream on. Not a bough is broken off a wayside tree, not a rude remark to a woman".<ref name="auto1" />

== Titles ==
[[File:Lithograph titled 'Dancing Girls', from 'The Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing' by William Godolphin Osborne, ca.1840.jpg|thumb|Lithograph titled 'Dancing Girls', from 'The Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing' by William Godolphin Osborne, depicting dancing-girls at the camp of Ranjit Singh, published in 1840<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapuria |first=Radha |date=19 May 2023 |title=Ephemeral Embodiments: The Materiality of Music and Dance in Colonial Punjab |url=http://www.thirdtext.org/livingarchives-kapuria |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Third Text}}</ref>]]
There were various ''khitab'' (titles) given to the women depending on their status.<ref name=":5" /> In the period of the Sikh Misls, high-status women, such as Sada Kaur and Raj Kaur, were given the title ''sardarni'' and the more-general term ''musammat''.<ref name=":5" /> However, by the time of the 1830s when many new women were wed to Ranjit Singh, the wives were given the more prestigious title of ''sarkarat'', a plural term referring to the multiple women who took-on the ''sarkar'' title after their marriage to Ranjit Singh.<ref name=":5" /> As per the writings of the court-historians, there were different terms used to differentiate between royal-women, such as wives, versus concubines and other women of the court (servants, dancers, courtesans, slaves, etc.), with royal-women being known through the titles of ''maharani'', ''rani sahiba'', ''sarkar'', and were described as ''purdahnashin'', for their practice of [[purdah]].<ref name=":5" /> However, there were cases where non-royal women, such as dancing-girls, managed to elevate themselves to the position of being wives, such as the case of Gul Begum.<ref name=":5" /> Maharaja Ranjit Singh would go-on to bestow Gul Begum with the ''maharani'' title.<ref name=":5" /> The wives' families would often benefit from these marriages, with their brothers and other members of their family often being gifted ''[[Jagir|jagirs]]'' and prestigious titles/positions.<ref name=":6" /> Most significant and powerful of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's wives was Maharani Datar Kaur who he affectionately called Mai Nakain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suri |first=Sohan Lal |title=Umdat-ut-Tawarikh}}</ref> Though he went on to marry many women Mai Nakain remained his favorite and most respected wife.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |title=Ranjit Singh}}</ref>

== List ==
A list prepared by Priya Atwal of the known wives of Ranjit Singh, using contemporary documents and other sources, is as follows:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Atwal |first=Priya |title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780197548318 |pages=216–223 |chapter=Appendices: Queens of the Sikh Empire - Appendix II. List of All Known Queens of the Empire}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh<ref name=":3" />
!No.
!Name(s)
!Portrait
!Religion
!Marriage date
!Death date
!Dependents, issues, or heirs
|-
|1.
|[[Mehtab Kaur]] (1)
|[[File:Mehtab Kaur.jpg|172x172px]]
|Sikh
|1789
|1813
|Maharaja Sher Singh and Kunwar Tara Singh
|-
|2.
|[[Datar Kaur|Mai Nakain (Datar Kaur)]]
|[[File:Maharani Raj Kaur Nakai @ Datar Kaur.jpg|248x248px]]
|Sikh
|1797
|1838
|Maharaja Kharak Singh
|-
|3.
|[[Moran Sarkar|Moran]] (Mai Mohran)
|[[File:Queen of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 'Moran Sarkar'.jpg|187x187px]]
|Muslim
|1802
|1814<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wahiuddim |first=Fakir |title=The Real Ranjit Singh}}</ref>
!
|-
|4.
|Rattan Kaur
|
|Sikh
|1811
|?
|Kunwar Multana Singh
|-
|5.
|Daya Kaur
|
|Sikh
|1811
|?
|Kunwars Kashmira Singh and Pashaura Singh
|-
|6.
|Unknown name
|
|
|1812
|?
!
|-
|7.
|Roop Kaur
|[[File:Portrait of Maharani Roop Kaur, 1809.jpg|178x178px]]
|Sikh
|1815
|?
|Adopted her nephew’s son
|-
|8.
|Jumrul Beebee
|
|
|1816
|?
!
|-
|9.
|Luchmee Kaur Vudpuggun
|
|Sikh
|1820
|?
|Took-care of Duleep Singh when Jind Kaur was exiled. Adoped a girl named Ram Kaur.
|-
|10.
|Jind Kulan (Jind Bani)
|
|
|1824
|?
!
|-
|11.
|[[Jind Kaur]]
|[[File:Fresco depicting Rani Jind Kaur (Rani Jindan) in side-profile from the Haveli of the Sandhawalias at Raja Sansi, Amritsar district.jpg|212x212px]]
|Sikh
|1825?
|1863
|Maharajah Duleep Singh
|-
|12.
|Doulee Khoond
|
|Hindu
|1826
|?
!
|-
|13.
|[[Chand Kaur|Chund Kaur]]
|[[File:Maharani Chand Kaur.jpg|200x200px]]
|Sikh
|1827
|?
!
|-
|14.
|Dukhno
|
|Hindu
|1827
|?
!
|-
|15.
|[[Rani Katochan|Katochan (Mehtab Devi/Guddan)]]
|[[File:Portrait painting of Rani Gaddan (alternatively spelt as Rani Guddan), one of the Queens of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, circa 19th century.jpg|217x217px]]
|Hindu
|1829
|1839 (death by sati)<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Shanker |first=Rajkumari |title=Religion and Women |date=Sep 21, 2015 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9781438419602 |editor-last=Sharma |editor-first=Arvind |pages=200 |chapter=Women in Sikhism}}</ref>
!
|-
|16.
|Raj Banso
|
|Hindu
|1829
|1830s, possibly 1835<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |date=Jun 28, 2015 |title='Sati' choice before Maharaja Ranjit's Ranis |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/sati-choice-before-maharaja-ranjits-ranis-99411 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> (death by suicide through overdosing on opium after Ranjit Singh compared her beauty to that of a dancing-girl<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Patwant |title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |last2=Rai |first2=Jyoti M. |date=Aug 1, 2013 |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |isbn=9780720615241 |edition=2nd |quote=The two who deserve mention here, both of whom he married in 1828, are Mahtab Devi and Raj Banso, daughters of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra: the first because of her deep devotion to him and the second because she committed suicide when Ranjit Singh compared her exceptionally beautiful looks to those of a dancing girl - coming from a ruling family of Rajputs, Raj Banso took this slight to heart and overdosed on opium.}}</ref>)
!
|-
|17.
|Medno
|
|
|1829
|?
!
|-
|18.
|Mehtab
Kaur (2)
|
|Sikh
|1829
|?
!
|-
|19.
|Zebo
|
|
|1830
|1855?
|Possibly a son of a Kashmiri pundit named Buksheesh Singh, who was later adopted by Sher Singh when Zebo became his concubine
|-
|20.
|[[Gulbahar Begum|Gul Begum]]
|[[File:Gul Bahar Begum, a Muslim wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, detail of a painting Raja Ranjit Singh with a noble lady (cropped).jpg|173x173px]]
|Muslim
|1830
|1863?
|Adopted a Muslim boy
|-
|21.
|Bhooree
|
|
|1831
|?
|Adopted Bhoop Singh, the son of a slave-girl
|-
|22.
|Deokee Khoord
|
|
|1832
|?
!
|-
|23.
|Suman Kaur
|
|
|1832
|?
!
|-
|24.
|Chainpurwala
|
|
|?
|
!
|-
|25.
|Hardavi
|[[File:Portrait of Rani Har Devi on ivory, one of the queens of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire, ca.1850–1870 (cropped).png|180x180px]]
|Hindu
|?
|1839 (death by sati)
!
|-
|26.
|Deokee Kulan
|
|
|?
|1854
!
|-
|27.
|Doulee Kulan
|
|
|?
|1859
!
|-
|28.
|Durooptee
|
|
|?
|29 December 1852
!
|-
|29.
|Gulab Kaur
|
|
|?
|July 1856 (died at the age of 47)
!
|-
|30.
|Unknown 30th wife
|
|
|
|
!
|}

== References ==
<references />
{{Sikh Empire}}

[[Category: Indian queens consort]]
[[Category:Women from the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:People from the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:Ranjit Singh]]
[[Category:Queens consort]]

Vaisakhan

2026-05-02T05:55:42Z

Marinawxb: starting a details

{{Short description|India writer (born 1940)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Vaisakhan
| image = Vaisakhan_Image.jpg
| birth_name = M.K. Gopinathan Nair
| birth_place = [[Muvattupuzha]], India
| birth_date = {{b-da|27 June 1940}}
| genre = [[Short stories]], [[screenplays]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]] | [[Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha|Nirmala College]] | [[St. Albert's College]]}}
}}

'''M.K. Gopinathan Nair''', popularly known as '''Vaisakhan''', is an Indian short story writer, playwright, and screenwriter. Until 2022, he was the President of [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/eng_about.htm|title=KERALA SAHITYA AKADEMI - About|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref> Recently he has been unanimously elected as the Chairman of Tirur Thunchan Smaraka Trust replacing the late M.T.Vasudevan Nair, who had been Chairman for 32 years. His stories are known for their simplicity in style and freshness in theme. Many feature the [[Indian Railways]] as their backdrop.

== Early life, education and career ==
Vaisakhan was born in 1940 as Gopinathan to A.V. Krishna Kurup and Narayani Amma in [[Muvattupuzha]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=tommattam|title=Interview with Vaisakhan-writer-Mattathil Thodupuzha.|date=2011-01-05|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xcvVhJq-24|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref> He received his education at [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-special-gettogether-at-maharajas-college/article3034932.ece|title=A special get-together at Maharaja's college|date=17 December 2016|access-date=7 December 2016|via=[[The Hindu]] - Kerala}}</ref> [[Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha|Nirmala College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nirmalaalumni.org/prominentalumni.htm|title=Nirmala Alumni Association|website=www.nirmalaalumni.org|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref> and [[St. Albert's College]].

In 1964, he was appointed in the [[Southern Railway (India)]] as the station master. After 20 years of service, Vaisakhan took alvoluntary retirement to pursue a full-time career in writing.<ref name=":0" />

Vaisakhan was married to Padma, who died in 1998. They have three children - Praveen, Pradeep, and Poornima. He currently lives in Raghavapuram, near [[Chittur-Thathamangalam|Chittur]], [[Palakkad]].

Vaisakhan's most notable work is ''Noolpalam Kadakkunnavar'', a story that has won multiple awards and critical acclaim. His other published books include:<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.big14news.com/8404/kpac-lalitha/|title=കെ.പി.എ.സി. ലളിത സംഗീതനാടക അക്കാദമി അധ്യക്ഷ|via=The Big 14 News}}</ref>

=== Short story collection ===
* ''Appeal Anyayabhagam'' (അപ്പീൽ അന്യായഭാഗം)
* ''Athirukalillathe'' (അതിരുകളില്ലാതെ)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://central.tnopac.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=au:VAISAKHAN|title=Centralized OPAC Catalog › VAISAKHAN|website=central.tnopac.gov.in|access-date=2016-12-07}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''Akalathil Vasantham'' (അകാലത്തിൽ വസന്തം )<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://stephenscollege-koha.informindia.co.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=31469|title=AKALATHIL VASANTHAM - Koha Online Catalog|publisher=VIMA|edition=1}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''Bommidippoondiyile Palam'' (ബൊമ്മിഡിപുണ്ടിയിലെ പാലം)<ref name=":1" />
* ''Yamakam'' (യമകം)<ref name=":1" />
* ''Kathakal'' (കഥകൾ)
* ''Priyappetta Kathakal'' (പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട കഥകൾ)
* Silencer (സൈലൻസർ)

=== Children's literature ===
* ''Meen Kaykkunna Maram'' (മീന്‍ കായ്ക്കുന്ന മരം)
* ''Kathakalude Albhuthalokam'' (കഥകളുടെ അത്ഭുതലോകം)

=== Memoirs ===
* ''Vaisakhante Jeevithachinthakal'' (വൈശാഖന്റെ ജീവിതചിന്തകൾ)
* ''Oru Manassinte Rasathanthram'' (ഒരു മനസ്സിന്റെ രസതന്ത്രം)
* ''Ormayude Choottuvettam'' (ഒര്‍മ്മയുടെ ചൂട്ടുവെട്ടം)
* ''Ormayude Palangalil Pathinanju Sthreekal'' (ഒര്‍മ്മയുടെ പാളങ്ങളിൽ പതിനഞ്ചു സ്ത്രീകൾ)

== Major awards ==
* 1989: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]] – ''Noolpalam Kadakkunnavar''
* 1992: [[Cherukad Award]] – ''Noolpalam Kadakkunnavar''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/cherukad-award/581|title=Cherukad Award|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref>
* 1993: Abu Dhabi Shakthi Award
* 2010: [[Mookencheril Cherian Joseph|M.C. Joseph]] Award<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/KOCHI-TODAY/article15719166.ece|title=KOCHI TODAY|date=28 November 2010|access-date=7 December 2016|via=[[The Hindu]] - Kerala}}</ref>
* 2010: [[List of Malayalam literary awards#Kamala Surayya Award|Kamala Surayya Award]] – ''Silencer'' (Short story collection)
* 2013: Ayanam - [[C. V. Sreeraman|C.V. Sreeraman]] Katha Puraskaram<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/youth-dies-in-bike-accident/article5569325.ece|title=Award presentation|date=12 January 2014|access-date=7 December 2016|via=[[The Hindu]] - Kerala}}</ref>
* 2017: Prof. Joseph Mundasserry Award
* 2021: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-vaisakhan-kp-sankaran/article65689827.ece |title=State Sahitya Akademi fellowships for Vaisakhan, K.P. Sankaran |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 July 2022 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
* Chairman, Tirur Thunchan Smaraka Trust (Feb 2025 - present)
* President, ''Kerala Sahitya Akademi'' (August 2016 – 2022)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Vaisakhan-to-head-Sahitya-Akademi/article14518017.ece|title=Vaisakhan to head Sahitya Akademi|last=Praveen|first=S.R.|date=31 July 2016|access-date=7 December 2016|via=[[The Hindu]] - Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref>
* President, [[Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham#Presidents of the PuKaSa|''Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham'']] (2013–2018)
* Member, ''Thunchan Smaraka Samithi'' ( - 2025)
* Former Chairman, ''[[Kunchan Nambiar]] Smarakam - Killikurissimangalam''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kunchannambiarsmarakam.com/Activities.html|title=Kuncham Nambiar Smarakam - Killikurissimangalam|website=www.kunchannambiarsmarakam.com|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref>
* Former Advisor, ''[[Sahitya Akademi]]''
* Former Administration team member, ''Kerala Sahitya Akademi''

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Theatre}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian memoirists]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Muvattupuzha]]
[[Category:Writers from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]

Fourth Manik Sarkar ministry

2026-05-01T09:51:17Z

Marinawxb: created initial pg first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Tripura]]
| flag = File:Seal of Tripura.svg
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date_formed = 6 March 2013
| date_dissolved = 9 March 2018
| government_head = [[Manik Sarkar]] (Chief Minister)
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[D. Y. Patil]] (Governor)
| members_number = 12
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties =
*{{Color box|#cc0d0d}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
*{{color box|#f50222}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| opposition_leader = [[Ratan Lal Nath]]
| election = [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Third Manik Sarkar ministry|Sarkar III]]
| successor = [[Biplab Kumar Deb ministry]]
}}
'''[[Manik Sarkar]]''' was sworn in as [[List of Chief Ministers of Tripura|Chief Minister of Tripura]] on 6 March 2013.
Here is the list of ministers:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tripura.gov.in/ministerslist |title=Council of Ministers | Tripura State Portal |access-date=16 February 2017 |archive-date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128102751/http://tripura.gov.in/ministerslist |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Cabinet ministers==
Ministers sworn on 6 March 2013:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.updatesindia.in/2013/06/ministers-of-tripura-portfolio-contact-number.html | title=Updatesindia.in - Get the Latest News and Updates on India at Updatesindia.in | access-date=16 February 2017 | archive-date=28 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928205357/http://www.updatesindia.in/2013/06/ministers-of-tripura-portfolio-contact-number.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Sl. No.
! Name
! Ministries<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tripura.gov.in/ministerslist |title=Council of Ministers | Tripura State Portal |access-date=2014-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908113525/https://tripura.gov.in/ministerslist |archive-date=2014-09-08 }}</ref>
|-
| 1
| '''[[Manik Sarkar]]'''
|
*Home (excluding Jail & Fire Services)
*Planning and Co-ordination
*Land and Land Reforms
*GA (Excluding Printing and Stationery)
*Other departments not allocated to any minister
|-
| 2
| '''[[Aghore Debbarma]]'''
|
*Agriculture
*Tribal Welfare (Excluding TRP, PTG)
*Animal Resource Development
|-
| 3
| '''[[Badal Choudhury]]'''
|
*Health & Family Welfare
*Revenue and Public Works(Excluding Drinking water and sanitation)
|-
| 4
| '''[[Tapan Chakraborty]]'''
|
*Education (School & Higher)
*Industries & Commerce (including IT) and Law
*Finance
|-
| 5
| '''[[Manik Dey]]'''
|
*Power
*Urban Development
*Rural Development(Panchayat)
*Transport
|-
| 6
| '''[[Khagendra Jamatia]]'''
|
*Co-operation
*Fisheries and Home (Fire service)
|-
| 7
| '''[[Manindra Reang]]'''
|
*Tribal Welfare(TRP & PTG)
*Home(Jail)
*GA(Printing and Stationery)
|-
| 8
| '''[[Bijita Nath]]'''
|
*Social Welfare & Social Education
*Welfare of OBC and Science
*Technology and Environment
|-
| 9
| '''[[Sahid Choudhuri]]'''
|
*Minority Development
*Labour and Education(Sports and Youth Affairs)
|-
| 10
| '''[[Bhanu Lal Saha]]'''
|
*Finance
*Food
*Civil supplies and Consumers Affaires
*Information and Cultural Affairs
|-
| 11
| '''[[Ratan Bhowmik]]'''
|
*Welfare of Scheduled Cast
*Public Works (Drinking Water and Sanitation)
*Tourism
|-
| 12
| '''[[Naresh Jamatia|Naresh Chandra Jamatia]]'''
|
*Forest
*Rural Development (excluding Panchayat)
*Election
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar 04}}
[[Category:2013 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) state ministries]]
[[Category:Tripura ministries|Sarkar IV]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:2018 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2013|Sarkar IV]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2018|Sarkar IV]]

Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences

2026-04-29T18:25:50Z

Marinawxb: stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences
| org_group = [[Narayana Health]]

| image = RTIICS_-_Buiding_Image.jpg
| healthcare = Private
| type = Multi-speciality
| network = [[Narayana Health]]
| standards = [[NABH]]
| emergency = 24x7
| website = {{URL|http://www.narayanahealth.org/patients/locations/Kolkata/RTIICS|narayanahealth.org}}
| location = Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Stadium Colony, [[Mukundapur]]
| region = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
}}
'''Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences''' ('''RTIICS'''), also known as '''Rabindranath Tagore Hospital''', in [[Mukundapur, Kolkata|Mukundapur]], [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India, is a multispeciality, [[tertiary care]] unit of [[Narayana Health]] group. It is a 681-bedded [[NABH]] accredited multi-super-speciality quaternary care hospital established in the year 2000. RTIICS has 16 operation theatres. RTIICS provides services not only to the people of West Bengal and the neighbouring states in Eastern India and Northeastern India.

==History==
RTIICS is the group's main hospital in Eastern India, with a primary [[catchment area]] of Kolkata. The hospital also treats patients from neighbouring districts, North-Eastern states as well as from neighbouring countries and continents such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Africa and Myanmar.<ref>{{cite news|work= sify.com|title= Kolkata's hospital operates bypass surgery of a Bangladeshi girl successfully|url= http://www.sify.com/news/kolkata-s-hospital-operates-bypass-surgery-of-a-bangladeshi-girl-successfully-news-health-pd3cb4ehehgae.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150329075259/http://www.sify.com/news/kolkata-s-hospital-operates-bypass-surgery-of-a-bangladeshi-girl-successfully-news-health-pd3cb4ehehgae.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2015-03-29}}</ref>

RTIICS, a unit of Asia Heart Foundation, was established in April 2000 by Dr. [[Devi Shetty|Devi Prasad Shetty]], founder and chairman of Narayana Health. Early in 2016, RTIICS announced the establishment of ‘Stride’,<ref>{{cite news|work= echoofindia.com|title= RTIICS launches 'Stride': A comprehensive vascular clinic |url= http://echoofindia.com/kolkata-rtiics-launches-stride-comprehensive-vascular-clinic-105536|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423162529/http://echoofindia.com/kolkata-rtiics-launches-stride-comprehensive-vascular-clinic-105536|archivedate=23 April 2016|date=25 October 2016 }}</ref> a clinical centre offering multidisciplinary care for [[vascular disease]]s and traumas. Apart from [[vascular surgery]], Stride is supported by an [[endocrinologist]], [[radiologist]], [[physiotherapist]], counselor and other specialists.<ref>{{cite news|work= Full Details Information |title= Rabindranath Tagore Hospital |url=https://www.credihealth.com/hospital/rabindranath-tagore-international-institute-of-cardiac-sciences-kolkata/doctors}}</ref>

==Specialization==
It specialises in [[cardiology]], [[neurology]], [[neurosurgery]], [[nephrology]] and [[urology]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times of India |title=Bengal leads in organ donation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Bengal-leads-in-organ-donation/articleshow/21637902.cms | date=6 August 2013 | accessdate=18 November 2018 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Narayana Health]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.narayanahealth.org/hospitals/kolkata/rabindranath-tagore-international-institute-cardiac-sciences/ Official website]

{{authority control}}
[[Category:2014 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Heart disease organizations]]
[[Category:Narayana Health]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Hospitals in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hospitals in India]]

Boyfriend for Hire

2026-04-28T13:26:09Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|2022 Indian romantic comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Boyfriend for Hire
| image = Boyfriend for Hire.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Santosh Kambhampati
| producer = {{Ubl| K. Niranjan Reddy
| Venu Madhav Peddi}}
| writer = Santosh Kambhampati
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Viswant Duddumpudi]]
* Malavika Satheesan
}}
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = Bala Saraswathi
| editing = Vijay Vardhan K.
| studio = {{Ubl| Prime Show Entertainment
| Swastika Cinema}}
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2022|10|14|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Boyfriend for Hire''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Santosh Kambhampati. The film stars [[Viswant Duddumpudi]] and Malavika Satheesan.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=April 2026}}

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref>{{cite news |title='Crazy Fellow', 'Boyfriend for Hire', and 'Ninne Pelladata'; Checkout 5 New Telugu movies releasing this week in theaters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/crazy-fellow-boyfriend-for-hire-and-ninne-pelladata-checkout-5-new-telugu-movies-releasing-this-week-in-theaters/amp_etphotostory/94809847.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Cast listing|
* [[Viswant Duddumpudi]] as Arjun
* Malavika Satheesan as Divya
* [[Pooja Ramachandran]] as Natasha
* [[Madhunandan]] as Balu, Arjun’s friend
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Arjun’s uncle
* [[Raja Ravindra]] as Divya’s father
* [[Sudharshan]] as Divya’s prospective groom
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Arjun’s father
* [[Rupa Lakshmi]] as Arjun’s mother
* Gayatri Bhargavi as Arjun’s aunt
* Siri Raasi as Siri
* Gururaj Manepalli as Arjun’s former boss
* Ashu Reddy as Herself (Special Appearance)
* Ariyana Glory as Herself (Special Appearance)
* Lahari Shari as Herself (Special Appearance)
}}

== Production ==
On 17 March 2020, it was reported that the filming was temporarily halted in [[Hyderabad]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] and was expected to be resumed the following month.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kadal is based on a true love story that happened in 2004, says actor Viswant Duddumpudi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kadal-is-based-on-a-true-love-story-that-happened-in-2004-says-actor-viswant-duddumpudi/articleshow/74680017.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 March 2020}}</ref> On 2 May 2021, it was announced that the filming was completed and the film was under post-production.<ref>{{cite news |title=అద్దెకు బాయ్ ఫ్రెండ్.. ఒక రాత్రికి కాదు ఒక రోజుకు ఛార్జ్.. వర్జిన్ బాయ్‌ని వదలని అమ్మాయిలు!! |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/boy-friend-for-hire-teaser-released-by-vishwak-sen/articleshow/82353226.cms |work=[[Samayam Telugu]] |date=2 May 2021}}</ref> The film was produced by K. Niranjan Reddy and Venu Madhav Peddi through Swastika Cinema, in association with Prime Show Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news |title=''Boyfriend For Hire'' first look out: Actor Viswant to collaborate with director Santosh Kambhampati |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/boyfriend-for-hire-first-look-out-actor-viswant-to-collaborate-with-director-santosh-kambhampati/articleshow/78867244.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 October 2020}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Boyfriend for Hire
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| released = 2022
| recorded =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:03
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer =
| chronology = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| prev_title = [[Bhoothakaalam]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[18 Pages]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc =
}}
The film has songs composed by [[Gopi Sundar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Boyfriend for Hire (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://gaana.com/album/boyfriend-for-hire |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=12 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Boyfriend for Hire - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/boyfriend-for-hire/7IxffOh-q7U_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=1 March 2021}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Neevevvaro
| length1 = 4:32
| lyrics1 = Rehman
| extra1 = [[Chinmayi Sripada]]
| title2 = Neethone Vasthunna
| length2 = 3:21
| lyrics2 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra2 = [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| title3 = Vachesadu Hire Ke Boyfriendu
| length3 = 3:34
| lyrics3 = Rakendu Mouli
| extra3 = [[L. V. Revanth]]
| title4 = Nuvve Jatha Nuvve
| length4 = 3:36
| lyrics4 = Rehman
| extra4 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| total_length = 15:03
}}

== Release ==
''Boyfriend for Hire'' was released theatrically on 14 October 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Viswant Duddumpudi, Malavika Satheeshan's 'Boyfriend for Hire' trailer unveiled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/viswant-duddumpudi-malavika-satheeshans-boyfriend-for-hire-trailer-unveiled/articleshow/94638439.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Malavika Satishan: రాజమౌళి చిత్రంలో నటించాలని కల |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/boyfriend-for-hire-actress-malavika-satishan-latest-interview/0201/122191521 |work=[[Eenadu]] |date=9 October 2022 |language=te}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "It's a film that appeals more to one's senses than the grey matter. The vibrant aesthetic, competent performances, experimental story and melodious songs make it a viable romantic comedy."<ref>{{cite news |title=Boyfriend For Hire Movie Review : This romantic comedy appeals more to one's senses |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/boyfriend-for-hire/movie-review/94845986.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307012525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/boyfriend-for-hire/movie-review/94845986.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Satya Pulagam of ''[[ABP Desam]]'' gave the film two out of five stars and stated that while the title was novel, the screenplay was routine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulagam |first1=Satya |title='బాయ్‌ఫ్రెండ్ ఫ‌ర్ హైర్' రివ్యూ : బాయ్ ఫ్రెండ్‌ను బుక్ చేసుకోవడం ఏంటి? సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/boyfriend-for-hire-telugu-movie-review-viswant-duddumpudi-malavika-satheesan-gopi-sunder-s-boyfriend-for-hire-review-in-telugu-bfh-review-56849/amp |work=[[ABP Desam]] |date=14 October 2022 |language=te |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017110434/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/boyfriend-for-hire-telugu-movie-review-viswant-duddumpudi-malavika-satheesan-gopi-sunder-s-boyfriend-for-hire-review-in-telugu-bfh-review-56849/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave it one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Boyfriend for Hire, promoted as a new-age rom-com, bites the dust. The film struggles to rise above its implausible premise and doesn’t have an iota of conviction in the many ideas it’s trying to suggest. Viswant and Malavika Satheesan’s performances and Gopi Sundar’s music are the only silver linings."<ref>{{cite news |title=Boyfriend for Hire review: Why weren't they seeking a 'script doctor for hire'? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/boyfriend-for-hire-review-why-werent-they-seeking-a-script-doctor-for-hire/8555fadb1e567 |work=OTTPlay |date=14 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |access-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023114454/https://www.ottplay.com/review/boyfriend-for-hire-review-why-werent-they-seeking-a-script-doctor-for-hire/8555fadb1e567 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]

Refinery Movement in Assam

2026-04-22T15:49:51Z

Marinawxb: done

{{short description|1956-1957 Indian agitation and protest}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Refinery Movement in Assam
| partof =
| image = Stamp of India - 1962 - Colnect 142019 - Inauguration Gauhati Refinery.jpeg
| image_size =160px
| caption =Postage stamp published on occasion of Inauguration of Guwahati Refinery
| date = 1956–1957
| place = [[Assam]]
| coordinates =
| causes = The decision taken by union government to set up a refinery in Barauni instead of Assam with the crude oil produced in Assam
| status =
| goals =Set up of Oil Refinery in Guwahati
| methods =Resolution taken in Assam Assembly, hartal, lathi-charge, use of tear gas
| howmany3=
| injuries =
| fatalities =
| arrests =
| notes =
}}
The '''Refinery Movement in Assam''' was an agitation, which took place in 1956-57, protesting against the decision of the Union Government to set up a refinery at [[Barauni]] in [[Bihar]] instead of [[Assam]] with the crude oil produced in Assam. At that time, the largest oil field in India since independence was discovered in Naharkatiya, Assam. The new field was expected to produce 1.5 million tonnes of crude oil per annum, which would meet one-third of the country's needs in the next three years. However, with this crude oil, the Assam Oil Corporation advocated to set up refinery in [[Kolkata]] and the [[Government of India]] in [[Barauni]].<ref name="refinery">{{Cite web |last=Baruah |first=Ditee Moni |date=January 1, 2011 |title=The Refinery Movement in Assam |url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/refinery.pdf |access-date=2024-01-16 |publisher=Economic & Political Weekly |archive-date=2024-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116054010/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/refinery.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Background==
After India gained independence, India's largest oil field was discovered in Naharkatiya in [[Upper Assam]]. The new field was expected to produce 2.5 million tonnes of crude oil per annum, which would meet one-third of India's oil demand within the next three years. Naturally, a new refinery was needed and in 1956 the Government of India started talks with the Assam Oil Company and the [[Burmah Oil|Burma Oil Company]] on various issues related to the refinery. A committee of experts advocated setting up the proposed refinery in Kolkata. The committee also proposed the names of two other places, Dhubri in Assam and Barauni in Bihar. However, the Government of India intended to set up a refinery at Barauni.<ref name="refinery" />

The Government of India decided to build the refinery in the public sector. However, the Assam Oil Company has made it clear that they will not participate in this enterprising, if the refinery is built in the public sector. Under such circumstances, the Government of India needed huge funds and technical assistance. Finally, in 1957, a company was set up to build the refinery, in which the Burma Oil Company would hold two-thirds participation and the Government of India would hold one-third.<ref name="refinery" />

==Events==
A resolution was passed in the Assam Legislative Assembly on 3 April 1956 to establish a refinery in Assam; However, the Government of India did not give any definite commitment in this regard. The first wide-scale protest in Assam demanding a refinery took place on 28 August 1956. The protest was led by the opposition in [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam Assembly]] and by Hareswar Goswami, the President of the All Assam Oil Refineries Action Committee. All shops, offices and educational institutions were closed on that day. Train and bus services were interrupted. Rallies and public meetings were held in verious places. There were clashes between police and protesters in Nagaon. Police resorted to lathicharge and use of tear gas in Guwahati. A total of 306 protesters were arrested.<ref name="refinery" />

In the Assembly session of August-September 1956, there was a lot of debate about the August 28 hartal. Chief Minister [[Bishnuram Medhi]] termed the strike as "unjustifiable" and said the central government had not accepted the advice of the Assam Oil Corporation to set up a refinery in Kolkata and the government had been considering the matter from the perspective of Assam. Medhi criticised the role of Hareshwar Goswami and said that decisions on the location of the refinery cannot be decided on the streets; It can only be decided through a cool and impartial discussion.<ref name="refinery" />

As a result of public pressure and continuous discussions between the Government of Assam and the Government of India, an eleven-member expert committee headed by S Bashishta, Advisor to the Ministry of Railways was constituted to review the matter. The committee reviewed mainly the technical aspects, not the demands of Assam. When the Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] visited Assam on 18 October 1956, hundreds of people protested with various slogans and festoons demanding an oil refinery. A delegation of the Action Committee met the Prime Minister and asked him to set up an expert committee to look into the issue of setting up refinery in Assam and find ways to deal with the problems arising in this regard.<ref name="refinery" />

In June 1957, ignoring Assam's demand, the Government of India decided to set up an oil refinery in Barauni; As a result, there was an explosion of anger in Assam. On June 17, all the members of the Assam Legislative Assembly, irrespective of party affiliation, came out. They argued that the set up a refinery in Assam is essential for the development of petroleum-based industries, rail transport and employment generation. Newspapers and magazines have also been constantly publishing articles and public letters in this regard. On June 28 and 29, a conference of the Refinery Action Committee was held under the chairmanship of Hareshwar Goswami, in which representatives from all districts of Assam were present. Criticising strongly to the central government, the conference announced a protest programme.

==Result==
Accepting the demands of the people of Assam, the Government of India prepared a separate plan to study the feasibility of setting up a refinery in Assam and Barauni. The [[Foster Wheeler]] Company was commissioned to advise the Planning Commission in this regard. Finally, the government decided to set up two public sector refineries with a capacity of 1 million metric tonnes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/indian-oil-corporation-approves-expansion-of-barauni-refinery-stock-slips-3-120013100487_1.html|title=Indian Oil Corporation approves expansion of Barauni refinery; stock slips 3%|website=IIFL - India Infoline}}</ref> at Nunmati ([[Guwahati]]) and [[Barauni]] under the [[Indian Oil Corporation]]. The [[Guwahati Refinery]] started production in 1962.<ref name="guwahti">{{cite web | url=https://iocl.com/pages/guwahati-refinery | title=Guwahati Refinery (Assam) | publisher=Indian Oil Corporation | accessdate=30 March 2022}}</ref> The refinery was inaugurated on January 1, 1962 by the then [[Prime Minister of India]], Jawaharlal Nehru.<ref name="refinery" /><ref name="toi">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/guwahati-refinery-celebrates-50th-anniversary/articleshow/11200718.cms | title=Guwahati Refinery celebrates 50th anniversary | publisher=Times of India | date=22 December 2011 | accessdate=16 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1950s in Assam]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1956]]
[[Category:1950s conflicts]]
[[Category:20th-century rebellions]]
[[Category:Assamese nationalism]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]

Love, Sitara

2026-04-22T05:00:48Z

Marinawxb:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Love, Sitara film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Vandana Kataria
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
| writer = {{ubl|Sonia Bahl|Abbas Dalal|[[Hussain Dalal]]|Vandana Kataria}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Sobhita Dhulipala]]
* [[Rajeev Siddhartha]]
}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Sangeet-Siddharth]] '''Score:''' Shrikanth Sriram
| cinematography = Szymon Lenkowski Sidharth Kale
| editing = Paramita Ghosh [[Namrata Rao]]
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]]
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Love, Sitara''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by Vandana Kataria.<ref>{{cite news |title='Love Sitara' director Vandana Kataria: Wish parents had told us a little bit about marriage |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] |date=28 September 2024 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/love-sitara-vandana-kataria-parents-marriage-sobhita-dhulipala-23401905 |first1=Letty Mariam |last1=Abraham}}</ref> Produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]] under [[RSVP Movies]], it stars [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] and [[Rajeev Siddhartha]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Karia |first=Vedant |title=Catch Sobhita Dhulipala playing an aspiring bride in her next |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |date=14 September 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/zee5-shares-trailer-for-new-film-love-sitara-starring-sobhita-dhulipala-rajeev-sidhhartha-sonali-kulkarni/cid/2047901}}</ref> It was released on [[ZEE5]] on 27 September 2024 to positive reviews from critics.<ref name="Release" >{{cite news |title='Love, Sitara' starring Sobhita Dhulipala to release on ZEE5 |newspaper=[[DT Next]] |date=13 September 2024 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/ott/love-sitara-starring-sobhita-dhulipala-to-release-on-zee5-803525 |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>

==Premise==
{{No plot|date=September 2024}}
Love, Sitara (2024) follows Sitara, a successful interior designer, who impulsively proposes to her longtime on-off boyfriend Arjun, a chef, and insists on marrying at her grandmother’s house in Kerala. As the family gathers, old secrets resurface: Sitara suspects her father of an affair with her aunt, while her mother and grandmother reveal their own painful histories of betrayal. Amidst the wedding preparations, Sitara’s hidden pregnancy and confession of infidelity shatter her relationship with Arjun, who calls off the wedding. Choosing honesty over hypocrisy, Sitara decides to keep the child despite uncertain paternity, and later reconciles with Arjun in Singapore, where they agree to raise the baby together. A year later, they marry, symbolizing forgiveness, resilience, and the power of truth in love across generations

== Cast ==
* [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] as Sitara
* [[Rajeev Siddhartha]] as Arjun
* [[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Hema Chechi
* Sankar Induchoodan as Bharath Menon
* [[B. Jayashree]] as Amumma
* [[Virginia Rodrigues (actress)|Virginia Rodrigues]] as Latha, Sitara's mother
* Sanjay Bhutiani as Govind, Sitara's father
* Tamara D’Souza as Anjali
* Rijul Ray as Majeed
* Neeraja Rajendran as Mrs Arvind

== Production ==
Pre-production for Sitara began in 2019, when [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] was cast as the lead.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sobhita Dhulipala out to redeem herself in her next film Sitara |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sobhita-dhulipala-is-out-to-redeem-herself-in-her-next/articleshow/69529989.cms |newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=28 May 2019 |first1=Avinash |last1=Lohana |accessdate=3 September 2024}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced by February 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus scare leads to Sobhita's film shoot being cancelled in Kerala |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 February 2020 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/coronavirus-scare-leads-to-sobhita-dhulipala-s-film-shoot-being-cancelled-in-kerala/story-bZceFefJ0GE3pHXLrqXxsL.html}}</ref> but was delayed till November 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="Release2" >{{cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Ronnie Screwvala's 'Sitara' to Resume Filming After Coronavirus Interruption |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=11 September 2020 |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/ronnie-screwvala-sitara-restart-filming-1234766412/}}</ref> The film was mainly shot in [[Mumbai]] and [[Kerala]] before [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapping]] in December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sobhita Dhulipala wraps Sitara shoot |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 December 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/sobhita-dhulipala-wraps-sitara-shoot-7112136/ |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 12 September 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title='Love, Sitara' trailer out; Sobhita Dhulipala film to release on ZEE5 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 September 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/love-sitara-trailer-out-sobhita-dhulipala-film-to-release-on-zee5/article68637646.ece |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Sangeet-Siddharth]], with lyrics by Rashmin Dighe and Garima Obrah.
{{Infobox album
| name = Love Sitara
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sangeet-Siddharth]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2024|9|24}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Love Sitara (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |website=Apple Music - Web Player |date=24 September 2024 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/love-sitara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1770432132}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=15|s=51}}
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| language = Hindi
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video|header=Official audio|{{YouTube|tSCBPNv7Jyw|Love Sitara - Full Album}}}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline= Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=15|s=51}}
| title1 = Ungliyon Pe
| extra1 = [[Anusha Mani]], [[Harshdeep Kaur]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| lyrics1 = Garima Obrah
| length1 = 3:53
| title2 = Hai Dil Dariya
| extra2 = [[Sangeet-Siddharth|Sangeet Haldipur]]
| lyrics2 = Rashmin Dighe
| length2 = 4:40
| title3 = Tera Jashn Manana Hai
| extra3 = [[Armaan Malik]], Sangeet Haldipur
| lyrics3 = Rashmin Dighe
| length3 = 3:31
| title4 = Munda Marriage Material
| extra4 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| lyrics4 = Rashmin Dighe
| length4 = 3:47
}}

== Release ==
In September 2020, it was announced that the film was heading for a [[Streaming media|streaming]] release on an [[Over-the-top media service|OTT platform]] in 2021.<ref name="Release2" /> It premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 27 September 2024.<ref name="Release" />

== Reception ==
''Love, Sitara'' received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title="I was able to feel and admire Sitara's character", Sobhita Dhulipala talks about similarities between her on-screen character |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/i-was-able-to-feel-and-admire-sitaras-character-sobhita-dhulipala-talks-about-similarities-between-her-on-screen-character-13821823.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215063331/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/i-was-able-to-feel-and-admire-sitaras-character-sobhita-dhulipala-talks-about-similarities-between-her-on-screen-character-13821823.html |archive-date=15 February 2025 |access-date=15 February 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |quote=Critics and audiences alike are lauding the movie for its heartwarming and relatable story making it a standout favorite this season.}}</ref>

The film received a 3 stars out of 5 review in ''[[The Times of India]]'', in which Sreeparna Sengupta praised the acting.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Love, Sitara Review : Shobita Dhulipala shines in this not-so-perfect film about flawed characters and dysfunctional families |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/love-sitara/ottmoviereview/113712794.cms |date=27 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |first1=Sreeparna |last1=Sengupta}}</ref> "Only for the restraint it shows in its telling, Love, Sitara deserves a like, if not exactly love.", commented Vinamra Mathur in [[Firstpost|''FIrstpost'']].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2024 |title=Sobhita Dhulipala's 'Love, Sitara' movie review: A heartfelt tale that walks on familiar terrains |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sobhita-dhulipalas-love-sitara-movie-review-a-heartfelt-tale-that-walks-on-familiar-terrains-13819185.html |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en |first1=Vinamra |last1=Mathur}}</ref> Writing for [[Times Now|''Times Now News'']] Mimansa Shekhar stated, "Relatable in parts, pleasant in the rest. A breezy watch through the inner depths of a family that might be fighting a war on he outside, but are tied up in the same thread from within. A déjà vu!"<ref>{{cite web |last=Shekhar |first=Mimansa |title=Love, Sitara Movie Review: Sobhita-Rajeev's Wedding Chaos Is Relatable But Not Perfect |website=Times Now |date=27 September 2024 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/love-sitara-movie-review-sobhita-dhulipala-rajeev-siddhartha-sonali-kulkarni-family-drama-modern-relationships-wedding-chaos-review-113712152}}</ref> The film was described by Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] as "unpretentious and steadfastly simple".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love, Sitara Review: Unpretentious And Steadfastly Simple Film Is Well Worth A Viewing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/love-sitara-review-unpretentious-and-steadfastly-simple-film-is-well-worth-a-viewing-3-stars-6659689 |date=27 September 2024 |website=[[Ndtv.com]] |first1=Saibal |last1=Chatterjee |language=en}}</ref>

A review in ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "The biggest hitch is the writing, which tacks indiscriminately between English and Hindi (with sprinklings of Malayalam)."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |date=27 September 2024 |title='Love, Sitara' movie review: Pre-wedding blues with Sobhita Dhulipala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/love-sitara-movie-review-pre-wedding-blues-with-sobhita-dhulipala/article68689328.ece |access-date=27 September 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In a review for ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'', Rishabh Suri wrote, "Sobhita Dhulipala's family drama loses pace quickly, leaves you underwhelmed".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/love-sitara-review-sobhita-dhulipalas-family-drama-loses-pace-quickly-leaves-you-underwhelmed-101727423844040.html |title=Love, Sitara review: Sobhita Dhulipala's family drama loses pace quickly, leaves you underwhelmed |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=27 September 2024 |first1=Rishabh |last1=Suri}}</ref> "Sonali Kulkarni brings an easy gravitas to a film marred by melodrama", stated Kartik Bhardwaj in ''[[Cinema Express]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |date=27 September 2024 |title=Love, Sitara Movie Review: Sobhita Dhulipala and family-ar tropes |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2024/Sep/27/love-sitara-movie-review-sobhita-dhulipala-and-family-ar-tropes |access-date=27 September 2024 |magazine=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

The film received another mixed review, in ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', which concluded "Sometimes films are like that, neither good or bad, merely meh."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |date=28 September 2024 |title='Love, Sitara' movie review: Sobhita Dhulipala and family-ar tropes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Sep/28/love-sitara-movie-review-sobhita-dhulipala-and-family-ar-tropes |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''<ref name="DeccanChronicle-28Sep24">{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Bhawana |date=28 September 2024 |title=Love, Sitara Review: Dysfunctional family dynamics portrayed well |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/love-sitara-review-dysfunctional-family-dynamics-portrayed-well-1826576 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> praised, again, the intention, but criticised the screenplay and acting, stating "Filled with clichés and predictability, the film lacks in performance and even more in emotional value."<ref name="DeccanChronicle-28Sep24"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|13070226}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/love-sitara/0-0-1z5622464 ''Love Sitara''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Shyam Dhar Mishra

2026-04-21T12:15:05Z

Marinawxb: starting new pg

{{short description|Former Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shyam Dhar Mishra
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|5|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kathauta, Gopi Ganj, [[Varanasi]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2001|11|02|1919|7|29|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term = 1952–1962 ,1968–1974
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizrapur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term1 = 1962–1967
| predecessor1 = [[John N. Wilson]]
| successor1 = [[Bansh Narain Singh]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1558.htm
}}
'''Shyam Dhar Mishra''' (1919–2001) was an Indian politician. He was a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Uttar Pradesh]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/m.pdf| title=RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 - 2003 | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="Brass2012">{{cite book|author=Paul R. Brass|title=An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1957 to 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bKICwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44|accessdate=4 April 2018|date=13 November 2012|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-1715-5|pages=44–}}</ref><ref name="Sabha1966">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Lok Sabha Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2E3AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=4 April 2018|year=1966|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=11515}}</ref><ref name="(Firm)1970">{{cite book|author=Times of India (Firm)|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkQjAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=4 April 2018|year=1970|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|page=359}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1558.htm Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Misra, Shyam Dhar}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]

Gaalipata

2026-04-17T08:59:19Z

Marinawxb: created some bio from scratch

{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gaalipata
| image = Galipata.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| producer = Suryaprakash Rao
| writer = Yogaraj Bhat
| screenplay = Yogaraj Bhat
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]
*[[Anant Nag]]
*[[Rajesh Krishnan]]
*[[Diganth]]
*[[Daisy Bopanna]]
*[[Neethu]]
*[[Bhavana Rao]]
}}
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = SPR Entertainers (India) Pvt. Ltd.
| released = {{Film date|2008|01|18|df=yes}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹4.5 [[crore]]<ref name="bb"/>
| gross = ₹12 crore<ref name="bb">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/2008-Top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-kannada-jdwmUxcjhci.html?html=5 |title=2008- Top 5 films at the box-office |website=www.sify.com |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617065810/http://www.sify.com/movies/2008-Top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-kannada-jdwmUxcjhci.html?html=5 |archive-date=17 June 2018}}</ref>
}}

'''''Gaalipata''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಗಾಳಿಪಟ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{Translation|Kite}}) is a 2008 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[comedy drama film]] written and directed by [[Yogaraj Bhat]]. It features an [[ensemble cast]] consisting of [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], [[Anant Nag]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Diganth]], [[Daisy Bopanna]], [[Neethu]] and [[Bhavana Rao]]. The plot revolves around three friends who, debilitated of city life, decide to spend some time in the paternal house of one of them, at a picturesque location atop a hill station. Spending a gala time there, they become romantically involved with the three daughters of an avid hunter.

The film was produced by Suryaprakash Rao of SPR Entertainment Pvt Ltd., and was made on a budget {{INR}}60 million. The cinematography was done by [[R. Rathnavelu]], and the film was edited by [[Suresh Urs]]. The [[film score]] and soundtrack were composed by [[V. Harikrishna]]. ''Gaalipata'' was the first in [[Kannada]] to be shot in [[Super 35]] format.

The film was released on 18 January 2008 to critical acclaim, receiving praise for the screenplay, cinematography, and the performances of Nag, Neethu and Ganesh. Emerging as a commercial success, it completed a 175-day run. Upon receiving 11 nominations at the [[56th Filmfare Awards South]], it won three awards — [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]] (Ganesh), [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]] (Harikrishna) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist]] ([[Jayant Kaikini]]).

==Plot==
Three childhood friends — Ganesh, an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] graduate; Diganth, a [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|medical]] student; and Kitty, an engineer, are caught by police for [[Driving under the influence|drunk driving]] on a night in [[Bangalore]]. They use the influence of Ganesh's father, a legislator, to escape the consequences. To cheer up Kitty after a breakup with his girlfriend and to free themselves, the three arrive at the house of Diganth's grandfather in Mugilpete. Once there, they are introduced to and begin to stay at the guesthouse of Kodandaram, an avid hunter, the neighbor and friend of Diganth's grandfather. Kodandaram, now handicapped from a hunting accident and using a wheelchair, lives with his wife Padma, daughter-in-law Sowmya, and daughters Radha and Pavani.

Sowmya is widowed and teaches the village children; Radha, a student of [[Ayurveda]], practices it. Ganesh, a foodie, is fascinated with learning about Kodandaram's hunting spoils and persuades him to join them in hunting the very [[Indian boar|wild boar]] that left his legs crippled two years ago. At the forest, Kodandaram accidentally shoots Diganth in the chest, but is saved by a gong he had worn around his neck. They embark on another and final venture to kill the boar. As the boar approaches a rifle-wielding and wheelchair-using Kodandaram, he gets up on his feet in an impulse and refuses to shoot it, thankful for bringing him back to his feet again, and calls it an incarnation of [[varaha]]. As days pass by, Diganth develops feeling towards Radha, who reciprocates, and Pavani towards Kitty, who falls in love with her as well.

Kodandaram and Padma approve of their relationship and decide to fix their wedding. Ganesh, in love with Sowmya, first tries confessing his feelings for her in writing, on a kite which on flying accidentally unstrings and flies away. Dejected, and eager to marry her, he speaks to her, and despite having developed a liking for him, she refuses. She decides to take up an offer for a job with an [[NGO]] in [[Switzerland]] and leaves for the nearest airport, and Ganesh accompanies her. Wishing to fly kites with the village kids across the river one last time, they use a [[coracle]] to cross it. Just as Sowmya confesses her feelings for him, the coracle capsizes as they encounter a [[Rapids|rapid]]. Ganesh saves her from drowning, when she professes her love for him and she accepts him with a hug.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Ganesh
* [[Anant Nag]] as Kodandaram
* [[Rajesh Krishnan]] as Krishnan / Kitty
* [[Diganth]] as Diganth / Doodh peda
* [[Daisy Bopanna]] as Sowmya
* [[Neethu]] as Radha
* [[Bhavana Rao]] as Pavani
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Byregowda, Ganesh's father
* Rajaram as Diganth's grandfather
* [[Padmaja Rao]] as Padma
* [[Sudha Belawadi]] as Ganesh's mother
* [[Dayal Padmanabhan]] as Dracula
* Ashwath Ninasam as Inspector
* [[Vanishree]] as Ganesh's sister (uncredited)
}}

==Production==
===Development===
Following the release of ''[[Mungaru Male]]'' in December 2006, [[Yogaraj Bhat]] began working on the story for his next film, in January 2007.<ref name="fb1">{{cite news|title=Ganesh hero of Gaalipata|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2007/gaalipata-ganesh-yogaraj-bhat-160607.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004160757/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2007/gaalipata-ganesh-yogaraj-bhat-160607.html|archive-date=4 October 2015|access-date=3 October 2015|publisher=filmibeat.com|date=16 June 2007}}</ref> The film was announced in early June 2007 with Suryaprakash Rao producing it.<ref name="fb2">{{cite news|title=Yogaraj Bhat to direct Puneeth|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2007/puneeth-yogaraj-bhat-070607.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004154747/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2007/puneeth-yogaraj-bhat-070607.html|archive-date=4 October 2015|access-date=3 October 2015|publisher=filmibeat.com|date=7 June 2007}}</ref>

===Casting===
Revealing that the story revolved around three parallel male leads, Bhat announced that [[Diganth]] and singer [[Rajesh Krishnan]] were signed as the two main leads.<ref name="fb1"/> Diganth had appeared in Bhat's ''Mungaru Male'' in a cameo and Krishnan had till then appeared in only one Kannada film as an actor. Bhat then announced of having cast [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] to play the other lead on 6 June.<ref name="fb2"/> Opposite the three male leads, actresses [[Daisy Bopanna]], [[Neethu]] and Chaya Singh were signed. However, the role of Puneeth later went to [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], at a time when ''Mungaru Male'', his film with Bhat was still performing strongly at theatres, and his signing was confirmed on 16 June. Puneet and Bhat would later collaborate in 2011 for [[Paramathma (film)|Paramathma]].<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Ganesh |date=5 April 2011 |title=TV9 - HEJJE GURUTHU WITH "GOLDEN STAR GANESH" - Full |language=kn |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NfBKVvAYt0 |access-date=3 October 2015 |time=35:15 |publisher=[[TV9 Kannada]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314212723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NfBKVvAYt0 |archive-date=14 March 2016 }}</ref> The next day, it was revealed that Chaya Singh was replaced by [[Bhavana Rao]], who would make her debut with the film. It was also revealed that [[Anant Nag]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Sudha Belawadi]], Padmaja Rao would be appearing in supporting roles, with [[R. Rathnavelu]] as the cinematographer and [[V. Harikrishna]] as the composer.<ref name="ig1">{{cite news|title=Bhavana Rao in Galipata |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/bhavana-rao-in-galipata-kannada-news-32404.html |access-date=3 October 2015 |work=Indiaglitz |date=17 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030175133/http://www.indiaglitz.com/bhavana-rao-in-galipata-kannada-news-32404.html |archive-date=30 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>

===Filming===
{{Quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="In ''Gaalipata'', we've shot on the highest peak of Kodachadri mountains, where there's zero visibility for most of the day. We also shot on the edge of the Shimsha falls and it was really freaky. The drop was quite steep and when we shot there, the search squads were in full swing looking for drowned tourists. But the effort has been worth it."|source=[[Yogaraj Bhat]], regarding the shoot of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Im-surrounded-by-jealous-people/articleshow/2713505.cms |title='I'm surrounded by jealous people' |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222073610/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Im-surrounded-by-jealous-people/articleshow/2713505.cms |archive-date=22 February 2017 |date=20 January 2008 |access-date=3 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
Despite the beginning of [[principal photography]] being scheduled for 22 June 2007, it began on 12 June. It took place at [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]] in [[Bangalore]], when a part of the film's title song was shot. Director [[N. Lingusamy]] [[Clapperboard|clapped]] the first shot while actor [[Sudeep]] directed it. Speaking to the media on the film's plot, Bhat said, "It's about three youngsters, their angst and ambitions. They meet and fall for girls diametrically opposite in temperament and tastes."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=S. Shiva|title=Expectations fly high|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/expectations-fly-high/article2272878.ece|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=29 June 2007|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216124107/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/expectations-fly-high/article2272878.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A budget of {{INR}}60 million to {{INR}}65 million and a total of 65 days was set for the project.<ref name="ig1"/><ref name="gp1">{{cite web|title=Gaalipata scoop|url=http://galipata.blogspot.in/2007/12/details.html|publisher=galipata.blogspot.in|date=30 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003144444/http://galipata.blogspot.in/2007/12/details.html|archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> It was revealed prior to filming that Bhat would receive a remuneration of {{INR}}11.5 million, in addition to a bonus of {{INR}}3.5 million if the film grosses {{INR}}80 million. Ganesh was reportedly signed for an amount of {{INR}}7 million.<ref name="gp1"/> The first schedule was mainly filmed in the [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]] region of [[Karnataka]], in [[Thirthahalli]], [[Agumbe]] and the mountains of [[Kodachadri]]. The sequence of the song "Nadheem Dheem Tana" was filmed in Kodachadri with 200 [[Yakshagana]] artistes as [[Backup dancer|background dancer]]s.<ref name="rk1">{{cite web|title=Mungaaru Male Impact On Gaalipata|url=http://www.raveeshkumar.com/2008/01/mungaaru-male-impact-on-gaalipata.html|publisher=raveeshkumar.com|date=13 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508070219/http://www.raveeshkumar.com/2008/01/mungaaru-male-impact-on-gaalipata.html|archive-date=8 May 2008}}</ref>

By early August, about 25 percent of the shoot was complete, following which certain sequences were filmed in [[Sakleshpur]]. A major portion of the shoot took place in the misty hills of Mandalapatti, at the forest limits of Pushpagiri, in the [[Kodagu district|Coorg]] region of Karnataka. Sequences shot here and the surroundings of Ripponpete by the cloud-covered Kodachadri peak were shown in parallel in the film, under then name Mugilpet, which in Kannada translates to "the town of clouds".<ref>{{cite web|author=G. Rajendra|title=Tourist town gets a new name|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Tourist-town-gets-a-new-name/articleshow/15114849.cms|website=The Times of India|date=24 July 2012|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829054454/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Tourist-town-gets-a-new-name/articleshow/15114849.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Other places of filming included [[Bangalore]], [[Kasargod]], [[Kalasa]], [[Melukote]] and [[Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta|Gopalaswamy Hills]]. The entire filming was done in [[Super 35]] format, a first for Kannada-language films.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ganesh Vs Premkumar|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ganesh-vs-premkumar-news-kannada-kkfug7gbicbsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821215210/http://www.sify.com/movies/ganesh-vs-premkumar-news-kannada-kkfug7gbicbsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 August 2017|website=Sify.com|access-date=21 August 2017|date=14 January 2008}}</ref> For sequences of the [[Indian boar|wild boar]], a real-life boar was used in addition to the use of [[visual effects]] and [[rotoscoping]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Guessing Gaalipata story|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/articles-2007/guessing-gaalipata-story/|publisher=gandhadagudi.com|date=16 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230104345/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/articles-2007/guessing-gaalipata-story/|archive-date=30 December 2010}}</ref> The visual effects work of total time of 2 minutes and 40 seconds of sequences featuring the boar cost around {{INR}}750,000.<ref name="ig2">{{cite web|title=8 crores vs 3 crores|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/8-crores-vs-3-crores-kannada-news-35921.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030003113/http://www.indiaglitz.com/8-crores-vs-3-crores-kannada-news-35921.html|archive-date=30 October 2015|website=Indiaglitz|date=16 January 2008|access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> [[Digital intermediate]] was used for digitizing and color manipulation of the film. The climax featuring Ganesh and Daisy Bopanna rowing a [[coracle]] was filmed in [[Shivanasamudra Falls]] in [[Mandya district|Mandya]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=S. Shiva|title=It's all calm 'n' quiet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/its-all-calm-n-quiet/article2273220.ece|website=The Hindu|date=3 August 2007|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827044115/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/its-all-calm-n-quiet/article2273220.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The third and final schedule of shoot wrapped up in late August 2007. The production and the post-production work totaled to {{INR}}70 million.<ref name="ri2">{{cite web|title=Gaalipata: Not yet out and already a sensation!|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/16sd4.htm|publisher=Rediff|date=16 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315021303/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/16sd4.htm|archive-date=15 March 2022|access-date=2 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gaalipata
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption =
| released = {{Start date|2007|12|16|df=yes}}
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=26|s=16}}
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = Ashwini Audio
| director = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Gaja (film)|Gaja]]
| prev_year = 2008
| year = 2008
| next_title = [[Indra (2008 film)|Indra]]
| next_year = 2008
| chronology = [[V. Harikrishna]]
}}

[[V. Harikrishna]] scored the film's background music and composed its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by [[Jayant Kaikini]], [[Yogaraj Bhat]] and Hrudaya Shiva. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaalipata (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gaalipata-original-motion/id989155312 |publisher=iTunes |access-date=19 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620004205/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gaalipata-original-motion/id989155312 |archive-date=20 June 2015 }}</ref> It was released in [[Bangalore]] on 16 December 2007 in the form of audio cassettes and [[compact disc]]s, both of which were then distributed to buyers attached to a kite, symbolic to the title of the film.<ref>{{cite web|title='Gaalipata' audio released!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14579850&cid=13319495|website=Sify|date=24 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003130609/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14579850&cid=13319495|archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> Invitees included film producers and directors [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Duniya Soori]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]] and E. Krishnappa. Ashwini Music of Ashwini Media distributed the audio into the market.<ref>{{cite web|title='Gaalipata' audio released |url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/view_news-Kannada-News_and_Gossips-5,15335.php |publisher=bharatstudent.com |date=17 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003131156/http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/view_news-Kannada-News_and_Gossips-5%2C15335.php |archive-date= 3 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:16
| title1 = Ahah Ee Bedurugombeye
| lyrics1 = [[Jayant Kaikini]]
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length1 = 4:07
| title2 = Akasha Ishte Yaakideyo
| lyrics2 = Jayant Kaikini
| extra2 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| length2 = 3:48
| title3 = Kavithe Kavithe
| lyrics3 = Hrudaya Shiva
| extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length3 = 4:22
| title4 = Minchagi Neenu
| lyrics4 = Jayant Kaikini
| extra4 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length4 = 4:31
| title5 = Nadheem Dheem Tana
| lyrics5 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 4:56
| title6 = Onde Samane
| lyrics6 = Yogaraj Bhat
| extra6 = Sonu Nigam
| length6 = 4:36
}}

===Reception===
The reviewer for ''Gandhadagudi.com'' called the soundtrack album of ''Gaalipata'', one with "extraordinary lyric[s]". He called the song "Minchagi Neenu" followed by "Nadheem Dheem tana" the songs of the album.<ref>{{cite web|author=Govinda|title=Gaalipata: Audio review|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/articles-2007/gaalipata-audio-review/|publisher=gandhadagudi.com|date=17 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602142943/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/articles-2007/gaalipata-audio-review/|archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' wrote, "Harikrishna's music composition adds a lot of pep to the film. Minchaagi Neenu Baralu (lyrics by Jayanth Kaikini) rendered by Sonu Nigam and Thadeem Dheem Thana by Chithra deserve special mention for good composition..."<ref name="ri1">{{cite web|author=R. G. Vijayasarathy |title=Galipata: A class act |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/18ssgali.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=2 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516220301/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/18ssgali.htm |archive-date=16 May 2012 }}</ref> The album emerged as a massive success following it release and was called by ''Rediff.com'' as "one of the most successful albums".<ref name="ri2"/> By the time the film released on 18 January 2008, the album emerged as a massive success with "chartbuster" tracks.<ref>{{cite news|author=K. M. Veeresh|title=Gandhinagar gossip|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/gandhinagar-gossip/article1432893.ece|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=18 January 2008}}</ref>

==Release and reception==
''Gaalipata'' was released on 18 January 2008 in over 300 theatres across [[Karnataka]] and in [[Chennai]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]].<ref name="ig2"/> K. C. N. Chandrasekhar and H. D. Gangaraj, both of whom had then previously served as presidents of Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce (KFCC) distributed the film on commission basis.<ref name="ig3">{{cite news|title=Gaalipata going great|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gaalipata-going-great-kannada-news-36131.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031035510/http://www.indiaglitz.com/gaalipata-going-great-kannada-news-36131.html|archive-date=31 October 2015|access-date=4 October 2015|website=IndiaGlitz.com|date=24 January 2008}}</ref> The [[DVD]] of the film with [[5.1 surround sound]] was distributed by Anand Video.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaalipata - 2008 DD 5.1 DVD|url=http://www.kannadastore.com/gaalipata-2008-dvd-p-4172.html|website=Kannada Store|access-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006123748/http://www.kannadastore.com/gaalipata-2008-dvd-p-4172.html|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

===Critical response===
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Yograj Bhat.jpg
| image2 = Ganesh actor.JPG
| footer = Yogaraj Bhat's (''top'') direction and Ganesh's (''bottom'') performance received praise.
}}

Reviewing the film for ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', Nrupathunga S. K. called it a "visual treat" and wrote, "The awesome locations, beautiful camera work, good screen play and superb performance by the lead actors make it to the list of good films. The director has once again shown that even a simple story can be presented well, provided that the movie excels in the above departments." Crediting the role of every department in the film, he highlighted those of Ganesh and the cinematographer R. Rathnavelu.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nrupathunga S. K. |title=Gaalipata |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Jan192008/movies2008011847388.asp |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=2 October 2015 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003220614/http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Jan192008/movies2008011847388.asp |archive-date= 3 October 2015 }}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' called it "a class act" and wrote, "Bhat has unleashed his best writing and narrating talents in this delightfully original and slickly presented entertainer which is witty, pretty and emotional." Especially praising Ganesh's performance, he further added, "Nature's beauty is artistically captured by cameraman Randy aka Rathnavelu. Award winning technicians like editor Suresh Urs and art director Shashidhar Adapa have effectively performed their tasks too."<ref name="ri1"/> Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', G. S. Kumar wrote, "This is a masterpiece by director Yogaraj Bhat after the success of his earlier film Mungaru Male. This romantic story is more serious. The script has been brilliantly handled and the narration is excellent." Applauding the performance of each of the lead actors, he concluded, "...it is Rathnavelu who walks away with all honours for his brilliant handling of the camera."<ref>{{cite web|author=G. S. Kumar |title=Gaalipata (Kannada) Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Gaalipata-Kannada/movie-review/2712791.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315161200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Gaalipata-Kannada/movie-review/2712791.cms |archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref>

''[[Chitraloka.com|Chitraloka]]'' stated, "The feverish pitch that was seen around the state before the release of the film has been finally answered with a brilliant presentation by director Yogaraj Bhat who makes if look that writing film scripts is so easy. It is the writer in Yogaraj Bhat who comes off with flying colours again and his eagerness to go offbeat in narration is certain to lease a large number of audience who seek a big quota of freshness in the film." The reviewer acclaimed the role of the technical department and called it "a complete film".<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaalipata Movie Review|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/801-gaalipata-review.html|website=Chitraloka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003221750/http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/801-gaalipata-review.html|archive-date=3 October 2015|access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> The reviewer for ''Indiaglitz'' called the film "[t]echnically this is a superb cinema", called some of the dialogues "carelessly written", and opined, "Yogaraj Bhat once again bank on Ganesh stardom and gives back seat to all others in the film. Sketching each character with different outlook Bhat has forgotten to write a good story for the film. The flow of developments set with beautiful backdrop and tolerable artistes handling the roles makes this film worth watching."<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaalipata Movie Review — Glorious in parts|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gaalipata-kannada-movie-review-9346.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030003122/http://www.indiaglitz.com/gaalipata-kannada-movie-review-9346.html|archive-date=30 October 2015|website=Indiaglitz|access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' in its review echoed his view on the dialogues, yet rated the film positively calling it a film with "various fabulous elements". The reviewer commended the performance on all actors highlighting those of Ganesh and Neethu. He further wrote, "Yogaraj Bhat picks the similar locations with most dangerous water falls like Shivanasamudra, Kodachadri and exquisite mountains ranges of Karnataka. The technical excellence like Super 35, Digital Intermediate done for the film enhances the quality of the film."<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaalipata|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gaalipata-review-kannada-pclw37echgbid.html|website=Sify|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105050129/http://www.sify.com/movies/gaalipata-review-kannada-pclw37echgbid.html|archive-date=5 November 2015|access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
The film had a slow start upon theatrical release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gaja No. 1 Kannada film|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2008/gaja-grabs-no-1-spot-190308.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061101/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2008/gaja-grabs-no-1-spot-190308.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=4 October 2015|publisher=filmibeat.com}}</ref> The first week net share of ''Gaalipata'' was ₹1.5 crores all over Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-01 |title=Kannada box-office - Sify.com |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14595747 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201225207/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14595747 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-02-01 |access-date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Collections picked up gradually, collecting a share of {{INRConvert|25|m}} in its first week. Following good response from the audiences, fares were increased by {{INR}}5 to {{INR}}20 per ticket in some theatres. It was later revealed that the distributors had the fares increased with the film doing well, unlike the hitherto trend that began with the 1999 Kannada film ''[[A.K.47 (film)|A.K.47]]'', when producers had it done.<ref name="ig3"/> It continued to perform well and collected around {{INRConvert|200|m}} as it approached its 100th day.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ganesh weds Mangalore Lass, Secretly!|url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=67005|access-date=4 October 2015|publisher=mangalorean.com|date=14 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004125726/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=67005|archive-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> Following public demand, the film began to be screened at more centers replacing the Hindi film ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title='Jodhaa Akbar' makes exit for second time|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/jodhaa-akbar-makes-exit-for-second-time/article1230246.ece|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=31 March 2008}}</ref> With Karnataka being the major market for Kannada films, the film continued to do well even as ''[[Bindaas (2008 film)|Bindaas]]'', which released in February 2008, failed to perform.<ref>{{cite news|title=Glaring absurdities |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/glaring-absurdities/article1433389.ece |access-date=4 October 2015 |work=The Hindu |date=29 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005023702/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/glaring-absurdities/article1433389.ece |archive-date= 5 October 2015 }}</ref> ''Gaalipata'' completed a 175-day run at a center in Bangalore on 8 June.<ref>{{cite news|title=Still flying high|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/still-flying-high/article1274170.ece|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=10 June 2008}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="11" |{{center|[[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]]}}
| rowspan="11"| {{center|[[56th Filmfare Awards South|31 July 2009]]}}
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]]}}
| {{center|Suryaprakash Rao}}
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="11" |<ref>{{cite news|title=56th Idea Filmfare Awards 2008 South: The winners|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/56th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2008-South-The-winners/articleshow/4845030.cms|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617122212/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/56th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2008-South-The-winners/articleshow/4845030.cms|archive-date=17 June 2015|work=The Times of India|date=1 August 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]}}
| {{center|[[Yogaraj Bhat]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]}}
| {{center|[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress]]}}
| {{center|[[Daisy Bopanna]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada|Best Supporting Actor]]}}
| {{center|[[Diganth]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|Best Supporting Actor}}
| {{center|[[Rajesh Krishnan]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]]}}
| {{center|[[Neethu]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|Best Supporting Actress}}
| {{center|[[Bhavana Rao]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]]}}
| {{center|[[V. Harikrishna]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Female Playback Singer]]}}
| {{center|[[K. S. Chithra]] {{small|(for song "Nadheem Dheem Tana")}}}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| {{center|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist]]}}
| {{center|[[Jayant Kaikini]] {{small|(for song "Minchaagi Neenu Baralu")}}}}
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1" |{{center|[[South Scope|South Scope Style Awards]]}}
| rowspan="1"| {{center|25 October 2009}}
| {{center|Best Stylish Film}}
| {{center|Suryaprakash Rao}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=South Scope Style Awards2009 presentation|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/southscopestyleawards2009.html|access-date=1 October 2015|publisher=idlebrain.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030083955/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/southscopestyleawards2009.html|archive-date=30 October 2009|date=26 October 2009}}</ref>
|}

==Sequel==
The director [[Yograj Bhat]] have confirmed the sequel of the movie named [[Gaalipata 2]] starring different ensemble cast produced by Ramesh reddy.<ref>{{citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/gaalipata-2-will-not-be-a-sequel-to-gaalipata/articleshow/67056762.cms|title=Gaalipata 2 will not continue from where the first film ended|date=2018-12-12|work=Times of India|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827044112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/gaalipata-2-will-not-be-a-sequel-to-gaalipata/articleshow/67056762.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]], [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Diganth]] will be featured in the lead roles along with [[Sharmila Mandre]] and Sonal Manterio as female leads.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/jan/09/gaalipata-2--begins-with-song-recording-at-arjun-janyas-studio-1922488.html|title=Gaalipata 2 begins with song recording at Arjun Janya's studio|date=2019-01-09|work=[[New Indian Express]]|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121223/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/jan/09/gaalipata-2--begins-with-song-recording-at-arjun-janyas-studio-1922488.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lyricist [[Jayanth Kaikini]] will also be continued for the film while [[Arjun Janya]] will compose first time for Bhat.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/yograj-bhat-and-arjun-janya-join-hands-first-time/articleshow/67263487.cms|title=Yograj Bhat and Arjun Janya join hands first time|date=2018-12-27|work=Banglore Mirror|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119122711/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/yograj-bhat-and-arjun-janya-join-hands-first-time/articleshow/67263487.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Legacy==
The success of ''Gaalipata'' turned Ganesh into one of the most sought-after actors in Kannada cinema.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shivkamal|first1=Aravind V.|title=Kannada Interview: Man With The Midas Touch|date=March 2011|publisher=Southscope|page=74|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBkXAOmQDhoC|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827044111/https://books.google.com/books?id=MBkXAOmQDhoC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=5 Most sought after actors of 2008l|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2009/kannada-actors-2008-020109.html|access-date=21 August 2017|work=filmibeat.com|date=2 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821162449/https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2009/kannada-actors-2008-020109.html|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> He was already coming on the back of major commercial successes ''[[Mungaru Male]]'' (2006), ''[[Cheluvina Chittara]]'' (2007), and moderate successes ''[[Hudugaata]]'' (2007) and ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' (2007). Yogaraj Bhat had delivered his two consecutive films that emerged as massive commercial successes, the other being ''Mungaru Male''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lokesh|first1=Vinay|title=Ganesh in Yogaraj Bhat direction?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-in-Yogaraj-Bhat-direction/articleshow/22654049.cms|access-date=1 October 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 September 2013|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001155916/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-in-Yogaraj-Bhat-direction/articleshow/22654049.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Ganesh was seen in the film wearing a chain around the neck with a [[razor]] blade as the pendant. It became a [[Fashion#Fashion trend|trend]] among male fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2014/04/10/238288.html|title=ಕಾಸ್ಮೆಟಿಕ್‌ ಕಲಿಗಾಲ
|last=N.|first=Vishakha|date=10 April 2014|access-date=22 February 2017|language=kn|trans-title=Cosmetic Kokoo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222064738/http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2014/04/10/238288.html|archive-date=22 February 2017}}</ref> The film also proved to as a major break for Diganth who would go on to collaborate with Bhat frequently — ''[[Manasaare]]'' (2009), ''[[Pancharangi]]'' (2010) and ''[[Parapancha]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite news|author=Sahaja K. R.|title=Kannada Actor Diganth to Work in Yograj Bhat's Next|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kannada-actor-diganth-to-work-in-yograj-bhat039s-next-542796|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216190243/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kannada-actor-diganth-to-work-in-yograj-bhat039s-next-542796|archive-date=16 December 2014|access-date=1 October 2015|work=International Business Times|date=11 March 2014}}</ref> The nickname '[[Peda|Doodh Peda]]' (an Indian sweet), by which Ganesh addresses to him as, in the film, came to be attached with his name in the media along with a tag of 'Chocolate Hero'.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Suresh|first1=Sunayana|title=Kannada stars take on their character names|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kannada-stars-take-on-their-character-names/articleshow/46475532.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823033749/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kannada-stars-take-on-their-character-names/articleshow/46475532.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Anien |first1=Tini Sara |title=My first movie was a disaster |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/368564/039my-first-movie-disaster039.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=1 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002081225/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/368564/039my-first-movie-disaster039.html |archive-date= 2 October 2015 }}</ref> The film also proved to be a launchpad in the careers of actresses Neethu and Bhavana Rao.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bigg Boss 2: Neethu Rocks In The House|url=https://businessofcinema.com/regionalmovies/bigg-boss-2-neethu-rocks-house/157409|access-date=1 October 2015|publisher=businessofcinema.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706192937/http://businessofcinema.com/regionalmovies/bigg-boss-2-neethu-rocks-house/157409|archive-date=6 July 2014|date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rao |first1=Bindu Gopal |title=Destined to be an actor |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/415090/destined-actor.html |publisher=Deccan Herald |access-date=1 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002090455/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/415090/destined-actor.html |archive-date= 2 October 2015 }}</ref>

The success of the film's soundtrack, especially the track "Minchagi Neenu Baralu" sung by [[Sonu Nigam]], further propelled his playback singing career in Kannada cinema, who was already a "singer-in-demand" following the massive success of ''Mungaru Male'''s soundtrack. It also contributed to the film's success in a major way.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bollywood singers dominate Kannada film music|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/bollywood-singers-dominate-kannada-film-music/story-eouS5O92THg3GTWZTKnrjP.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=22 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222061224/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/bollywood-singers-dominate-kannada-film-music/story-eouS5O92THg3GTWZTKnrjP.html|archive-date=22 February 2017|date=15 May 2008}}</ref> With the song, lyricist and writer [[Jayant Kaikini]]'s reputation as a writer of romantic songs further elevated, and is considered one of his best.<ref>{{cite web|title=He spells victory|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/he-spells-victory/article1418592.ece|website=The Hindu|date=14 June 2008|access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> A film with the [[Minchagi Nee Baralu|same title]] was released in 2015, also starring Diganth as the male lead.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lokesh |first1=Vinay |title=Songs inspire Kannada film titles |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Songs-inspire-Kannada-film-titles/articleshow/22704605.cms |access-date=1 October 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=19 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504040713/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Songs-inspire-Kannada-film-titles/articleshow/22704605.cms |archive-date= 4 May 2016 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1773441}}

{{Yogaraj Bhat}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:2008 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about widowhood in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Films directed by Yogaraj Bhat]]
[[Category:2008 romantic comedy films]]

Subhash Chandra Garg

2026-04-12T13:38:31Z

Marinawxb: starting a stub

{{Short description|Indian bureaucrat and former Finance Secretary of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Subhash Chandra Garg, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retid.)
| image = File:The Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Mnistry of Finance, Shri Subhash Chandra Garg (cropped).JPG
| office = [[Secretary to Government of India|Power Secretary]] of India
| term_start = 26 July 2019
| term_end = 31 October 2019
| predecessor = [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]
| successor = [[Sanjiv N. Sahai]]
| office1 = [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary]] of India
| term_start1 = 1 March 2019
| term_end1 = 26 July 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Ajay Narayan Jha]]
| successor1 = [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]]
| office2 = [[Secretary to Government of India|Economic Affairs Secretary]] of India
| predecessor2 = [[Shaktikanta Das]]
| successor2 = [[Atanu Chakraborty]]
| term_end2 = 26 July 2019
| term_start2 = 5 July 2017
| office3 = [[Executive director]] of the [[World Bank]]
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| term_end3 = 21 June 2017
| term_start3 = 10 September 2014
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]] [[University of Rajasthan]]
| occupation = [[IAS officer]]
}}
'''Subhash Chandra Garg''' (born 16 October 1960) is a retired [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 1983 batch from [[Rajasthan]] cadre who served as [[Secretary to Government of India|Economic Affairs Secretary]], [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary of India]] and [[Secretary to Government of India|Power Secretary of India]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/subhash-chandra-garg-designated-as-finance-secretary/article26472049.ece|title=Subhash Chandra Garg designated as Finance Secretary|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|accessdate=9 March 2019}}</ref> He has also served as an executive director in the [[World Bank]].

== Education ==
Garg has [[Undergraduate education|graduate]] degrees in [[Law]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) and [[Commerce]] ([[Bachelor of Commerce|BCom]]) from [[University of Rajasthan|Rajasthan University]] from Government College, Ajmer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=14436&PageId=|title=Subhash Chandra Garg - Executive Record Sheet|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dop.rajasthan.gov.in/forms/Officer_Details.aspx|title=Subhash Chandra Garg - Officer Service History|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Personnel, [[Government of Rajasthan]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/SCGDEEC5E98B512437D8B9DE1EA58443F16.PDF|title=Board of Directors - Shri Subhash Chandra Garg|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> Garg is a professionally qualified [[Cost And Management Accountant (India)|Cost & Management Accountant]] from [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]]. In addition, Garg is a qualified [[Company Secretary]] and received gold medal in 1990.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Career ==
Garg has served in various key positions for both the [[Government of India|Union Government]] and the [[Government of Rajasthan]], like as [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Finance), Commissioner (Investment and [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRIs]]) Secretary (Budget), Secretary (Expenditure), managing director of [[Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation]] (RSRTC), managing director of Rajasthan State Seeds Corporation (RSSCL), Special Secretary (Mines and Energy) and Chief Executive and Director of Rajasthan Energy Development Corporation (REDC), Registrar of [[University of Rajasthan]], and as the [[District Collector (India)|District Magistrate and Collector]] of [[Rajsamand]] district in the [[Government of Rajasthan]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-subhash-chandra-garg-the-man-who-replaces-shaktikanta-das-as-dea-secretary/729821/|title=Who is Subhash Chandra Garg, the man who replaces Shaktikanta Das as DEA secretary|last=|first=|date=22 June 2017|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/report/meet-subhash-c-garg-the-new-dea-secretary/20170623.htm|title=Meet Subhash C Garg, the new DEA secretary|last=Roychoudhury|first=Arup|date=23 June 2017|website=[[Rediff.com]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> and as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Economic Affairs Secretary]], [[Additional Secretary to Government of India|Additional Secretary]] in the [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]], [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] in the Department of Expenditure of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] in the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation in the [[Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare|Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]] and as a Director in the Department of Economic Affairs in the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] in the [[Government of India|Union Government]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

Garg also served as an [[Executive director|Executive Director]] in the [[World Bank]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

In addition, Garg had a stint with the [[National Institute of Public Finance and Policy]], on [[Delegation|deputation]], as a Principal Consultant, under Rule 6(2)(ii) of ''The'' ''Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules, 1954''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_II_IAS_Rule_01_0.pdf|title=The Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) rules, 1954|last=|first=|date=1954|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Executive director in World Bank ===
Garg was appointed as an [[executive director]] in the [[World Bank]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) for a tenure of three years,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/subhash-chandra-garg-appointed-as-world-bank-ed/article6399157.ece|title=Subhash Chandra Garg appointed as World Bank ED|last=|first=|date=11 September 2014|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/subhash-chandra-garg-appointed-as-world-bank-executive-director/articleshow/42185616.cms|title=Subhash Chandra Garg appointed as World Bank Executive Director|last=|first=|date=10 September 2014|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/subhash-chandra-garg-appointed-as-world-bank-ed/story-SGuL0xWZQDpDlBQF79zWmO.html|title=Subhash Chandra Garg appointed as World Bank ED|last=|first=|date=11 September 2014|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> Garg assumed the office of executive director on 10 September 2014,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and demitted on 21 June 2017, because of his appointment as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Economic Affairs Secretary]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Economic affairs secretary ===
Garg was appointed as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Economic Affairs Secretary]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) in June 2017,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/garg-is-new-economic-affairs-secy/article19120327.ece|title=Garg is new economic affairs secy|last=|first=|date=21 June 2017|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> he assumed the office of the Secretary on 12 July 2017 and served there till 26 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=167333|title=Shri Subhash Chandra Garg, IAS (RJ:83) assumes office as the New Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance.|last=|first=|date=12 July 2017|website=[[Press Information Bureau of India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/subhash-garg-takes-charge-as-economic-affairs-secretary/article9762105.ece|title=Subhash Garg takes charge as Economic Affairs Secretary|last=|first=|date=12 July 2017|website=Business Line|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/subhash-garg-takes-charge-as-dea-secretary-117071200586_1.html|title=Subhash Garg takes charge as DEA Secretary|last=|first=|date=12 July 2017|website=[[Business Standard]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/subhash-garg-takes-charge-as-economic-affairs-secretary-996571-2017-07-12|title=Subhash Garg takes charge as economic affairs secretary|last=|first=|date=12 July 2017|website=[[India Today]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=14436&PageId= Executive Record Sheet as maintained by Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India]
* [http://www.dop.rajasthan.gov.in/forms/Officer_Details.aspx Officer Service History as maintained by Department of Personnel of Government of Rajasthan]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=242501318&privcapId=1035143 Executive Profile on Bloomberg]

{{Ministry of Finance (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garg, Subhash Chandra}}
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

Lynda Kom

2026-04-11T19:45:09Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Indian woman football player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lynda Kom
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Lynda Kom Serto
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|2|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = Khoirentak Khunou, [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.54 m<ref name="AFC-squad-list">{{cite web |title=2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup Squad Lists |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/2026_AFC_Womens_Asian_Cup/Finals/Squad_Lists/AFC-Women's-Asian-Cup-Australia-2026%E2%84%A2-Final-Registration---Feb-25upd.pdf?source=url |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=27 February 2026 }}</ref>
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| clubnumber = 9
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2022
| clubs1 = The Young Welfare Club
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2022–2025
| clubs2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
| caps2 = 32
| goals2 = 17
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| caps3 = 7
| goals3 = 7
| nationalyears1 = 2017–2019
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 3
| nationalyears2 = 2022
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 12
| nationalgoals2 = 8
| nationalyears3 = 2024–
| nationalteam3 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 14
| nationalgoals3 = 5
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 11 April 2026
}}
'''Lynda Kom Serto''' (born 28 February 2005) is an Indian professional footballer from [[Manipur]], who plays as a forward for [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] in the [[Indian Women's League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=S LYNDA KOM |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/81568 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-12-21 |title=IWL 2023-24: Pyari Xaxa, Lynda Kom score as Odisha FC beat Gokulam Kerala |url=https://scroll.in/field/1060908/iwl-2023-24-pyari-xaxa-lynda-kom-score-as-odisha-fc-beat-gokulam-kerala |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-30 |title=Young MVP Lynda Kom eyeing more glory for Indian women's football |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/young-mvp-lynda-kom-eyeing-more-glory-for-indian-womens-football/articleshow/90549005.cms |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Lynda hails from Khoirentak Khunou village in [[Manipur]]. Her father is a farmer, and her mother runs a stationery shop. She is the youngest of four children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orisports.com |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NjUyOA== |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref> She always used to play with the boys who used to play in the ground, which is close to her house. Despite her father's hesitation, she continued to play with the boys and got selected for the [[Sports Authority of India]] Training Centre hostel at Imphal.<ref name=":0" /> Her nickname is Biju, after the Manipuri actress [[Biju Ningombam]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-03-28 |title=Striker Lynda Kom looks forward to FIFA U-17 World Cup preparations |url=https://theprint.in/sport/striker-lynda-kom-looks-forward-to-fifa-u-17-world-cup-preparations/891790/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Lynda made her debut for India in 2017, at the SAFF U-15 Women's Championship in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Aneesh |date=2022-10-07 |title=Lynda Kom, Clara Luvanga, and more: Stars to watch out for at the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-football-stars-to-watch-out-for-lynda-kom-clara-luvanga-carla-camacho/article65955261.ece |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She also played in the U-16 AFC Championship Qualifiers. She performed well for Manipur at the 2019 Junior Nationals at Kolhapur that paved the way for her selection to the 2019 Under-17 World Cup.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In that tournament, she scored six goals and was awarded the golden boot.<ref name=":2" />

She scored five goals<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Indian team clinches SAFF U-18 Women's Championship title |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/indian-team-clinches-saff-u-18-womens-championship-title-10490071.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> in the SAFF U-18 Women's Championship in Jamshedpur, where India beat Bangladesh on better goal difference and Lynda was declared as the Most Valuable Player<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's 'Most Valuable Player' Lynda Kom Serto from Manipur eyes more goals at FIFA U-17 World Cup |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/indias-most-valuable-player-lynda-kom-serto-from-manipur-eyes-more-goals-at-fifa-u-17-world-cup |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref> after bagging the golden boot for being the top goal scorer.<ref name=":0" />

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|11 April 2026}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=3|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2024
|1
|4
|-
|2025
|9
|1
|-
|2026
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!14
!5
|}

:''Scores and results list India's goal tally first.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+List of international goals scored by Lynda Kom
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || rowspan=4| 30 December 2024 || rowspan=4| Padukone – Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence, [[Bengaluru]], [[India]] || rowspan=4| {{fbw|MDV}} || align=center|'''3'''–0 || rowspan=4 align=center| 14–0 || rowspan=4| [[Exhibition match|Friendly]]
|-
| 2. || align=center|'''6'''–0
|-
| 3. || align=center|'''7'''–0
|-
| 4. || align=center|'''10'''–0
|-
| 5. || 29 June 2025 || [[700th Anniversary Stadium]], [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]] || {{fbw|TLS}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || align=center| 4–0 || [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification]]
|-
|}

==Honours==

'''Odisha'''
*[[Indian Women's League]]: [[2023–24 Indian Women's League|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Odisha FC take home the IWL trophy with stunning ease|url=https://i-league.org/odisha-fc-take-home-the-iwl-trophy-with-stunning-ease/|website=i-league.org|publisher=I-League|date=24 March 2024|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/81568 Lynda Kom] at All India Football Federation
* {{GSA player|lynda-kom/278301}}

{{India squad 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kom, Lynda}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Churachandpur district]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Odisha FC Women players]]
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]]

HP Labs

2026-04-07T08:48:29Z

Marinawxb: adding a stub!

{{Short description|Research division of HP Inc.}}
{{About|the lab run by HP Inc. and formerly run by Hewlett-Packard|the lab run by Hewlett Packard Enterprise|Hewlett Packard Labs}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = HP Laboratories
| image = HP logo 2025.svg
| image_size = 120px
| type = Research organization
| headquarters = [[Palo Alto, California]]
| formation = 1966
| parent_organization = [[HP Inc.]]
}}

'''HP Labs''' is the exploratory and advanced research group for [[HP Inc.]] HP Labs' headquarters is in [[Palo Alto, California]] and the group has research and development facilities in Bristol, UK. The development of programmable desktop calculators, inkjet printing, and 3D graphics are credited to HP Labs researchers.

HP Labs was established on March 3, 1966, by [[Hewlett-Packard]] founders [[Bill Hewlett]] and [[David Packard]], seeking to create an organization not bound by day-to-day business concerns.<ref name="abouthplabs" >{{cite web
|title = 40 years of contribution
|url = https://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2006/jan-mar/40anniversary.html
|access-date = 2022-05-31
|website = HP Labs
|archive-date = 2021-06-26
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210626121118/https://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2006/jan-mar/40anniversary.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

The labs have downsized dramatically; in August 2007, HP executives drastically diminished the number of projects, down from 150 to 30. As of 2018, HP Labs has just over 200 researchers, compared to earlier staffing levels of 500 researchers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hewlettpackard-splits-again-but-what-about-the-labs|title=Hewlett-Packard Splits Again: But What About the Labs?|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|language=en|access-date=2018-07-12}}</ref>

[[File:Iontouch.png|thumb|450x450px|Timeline of major HP Labs innovations since the year 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldofprint.com/2008/03/18/hp-indigo-7000-innovation/ |title=HP Indigo 7000 Innovation |website=worldofprint.com |date=18 March 2008 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press_kits/2008/predrupa/bg_IndigoHPLabsInnovation.pdf |title=HP Labs Indigo Innovation PDF |website=hp.com |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Gila|first1= Omer|last2= Lee|first2= Michael H.|last3= Chang|first3= Seongsik|last4= Tagansky|first4= Boaz|url=https://library.imaging.org/print4fab/articles/25/1/art00044_2 |title= High-Performance Charging Unit for Liquid Electrophotographic Presses|journal=Journal of Imaging Science |date= 2009|volume= 25|pages= 570–572|doi= 10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2009.25.1.art00044_2|access-date=2025-07-18|url-access= subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imaging.org/common/uploaded%20files/pdfs/Conferences/Print4Fab/2018/Print4Fab2018_AbstractBook_LR.pdf |title=Print4Fab 2018 Abstract Book |website=imaging.org |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.3blmedia.com/news/hp-labs-developed-new-rewritable-printing-technology-set-impact-multiple-industries |title= HP Labs Developed a New Rewritable Printing Technology Set to Impact Multiple Industries|website=3blmedia.com |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.slashgear.com/hp-iontouch-is-a-rewritable-inkless-printing-system-17482256/ |title=HP Iontouch on SlashGear |website=slashgear.com |date=17 April 2017 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fudzilla.com/news/43461-hp-develops-iontouch-rewritable-system-for-plastic-cards |title= HP develops IonTouch rewritable system for plastic cards|website=fudzilla.com |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HT9IwbUe1a4 |title=HP video 1 |website=YouTube |date=13 March 2018 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtSDlQb6JQk |title=HP video 2 |website=YouTube |date=24 March 2017 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7GtwViT16w |title=HP video 3 |website=YouTube |date=4 May 2017 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3uRR-3iXyE |title=HP video 4 |website=YouTube |date=24 March 2017 |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Bhattacharyya|first1= Manoj K.|last2= Ng|first2= Hou T.|last3= Mittelstadt|first3= Laurie S.|last4= Aronhime|first4= Marc|url=https://library.imaging.org/print4fab/articles/28/1/art00066_2 |title= Effects of Paper on LEP Digital Print Deinking with Alkaline and Neutral Chemistries|journal=Journal of Imaging Science |date= 2012|volume= 28|pages= 526–529|doi= 10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2012.28.1.art00066_2|access-date=2025-07-18|url-access= subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hp.com/us-en/specialty-printing-solutions/life-science-dispensing.html |title=HP Life Science Dispensing |website=hp.com |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zambrzycki |first1=S. C. |last2=Kertesz |first2=V. |last3=Cahill |first3=J. F. |title= Evaluating inkjet dispenser/Liquid vortex capture-mass spectrometry for single-cell metabolomics in Hep G2 steatosis caused by tamoxifen|journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |date=2025 |volume=417 |issue=16 |pages=3597–3609 |doi=10.1007/s00216-025-05885-1 |pmid=40323376 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= d'Apuzzo|first1= Fausto|last2= Sengupta|first2= Raghuvir N.|last3= Overbay|first3= Milo|last4= Aronoff|first4= Jason S.|last5= Rogacs|first5= Anita|last6= Barcelo|first6= Steven J.|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04535 |title= A Generalizable Single-Chip Calibration Method for Highly Quantitative SERS via Inkjet Dispense|journal=Analytical Chemistry |date= 2020|volume= 92|issue= 1|pages= 1372–1378|doi= 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04535|pmid= 31755698|access-date=2025-07-18|url-access= subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1= Lei|first1= Yang|last2= Shkolnikov|first2= Viktor|last3= Xin|first3= Daisy|title= 2022 IEEE 5th International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)|chapter= Spatially Isotropic 3D Volumetric Reconstruction of Live Biological Cells with Multi-View Geometry|date= 2022|pages= 109–114|doi= 10.1109/MIPR54900.2022.00026|isbn= 978-1-6654-9548-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Hu|first1= Min|last2= Ou|first2= Fung Suong|last3= Wu|first3= Wei|last4= Naumov|first4= Ivan|last5= Li|first5= Xuema|last6= Bratkovsky|first6= Alexander M.|last7= Williams|first7= R. Stanley|last8= Li|first8= Zhiyong|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja105248h |title= Gold Nanofingers for Molecule Trapping and Detection|journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc. |date= 2010|volume= 132|issue= 37|pages= 12820–12822|doi= 10.1021/ja105248h|pmid= 20795668|bibcode= 2010JAChS.13212820H|access-date=2025-07-18|url-access= subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Barcelo|first1= Steven J.|last2= Kim|first2= Ansoon|last3= Wu|first3= Wei|last4= Li|first4= Zhiyong|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn3020807 |title= Fabrication of Deterministic Nanostructure Assemblies with Sub-nanometer Spacing Using a Nanoimprinting Transfer Technique|journal=Nano Letters |date= 2012|volume= 6|issue= 7|pages= 6446–6452|doi= 10.1021/nn3020807|pmid= 22735072|access-date=2025-07-18|url-access= subscription}}</ref>]]

With [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]] being spun off from Hewlett-Packard on November 1, 2015, and the remaining company being renamed to [[HP Inc.]], the research lab also spun off [[Hewlett Packard Labs]] to [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]]<ref name="Hewlett Packard Labs">{{cite web|title = Hewlett Packard Labs| url=http://www.labs.hpe.com/about/ | publisher=[[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]]}}</ref> and HP Labs was kept for HP Inc.

==History==
As the Semiconductor Lab's first manager, [[Mohamed Atalla]] launched a material science investigation program that provided a base technology for [[gallium arsenide]], [[gallium arsenide phosphide]] and [[indium arsenide]] devices. These devices became the core technology used by HP's Microwave Division to develop sweepers and [[Network analyzer (electrical)|network analyzers]] that pushed 20{{ndash}}40 GHz frequency, giving HP more than 90% of the [[military communications]] market by the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=House |first1=Charles H. |last2=Price |first2=Raymond L. |title=The HP Phenomenon: Innovation and Business Transformation |date=2009 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=9780804772617 |pages=110–1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsTnDv6d2DwC&pg=PA110}}</ref>

HP Labs was involved in HP's [[research and development]] (R&D) on practical [[light-emitting diode]]s (LEDs) between 1966 and 1969. The first practical [[LED display]]s were built at Atalla's Semiconductor Lab.<ref name="Borden">{{cite journal |last1=Borden |first1=Howard C. |last2=Pighini |first2=Gerald P. |title=Solid-State Displays |journal=[[Hewlett-Packard Journal]] |date=February 1969 |pages=2–12 |url=http://hparchive.com/Journals/HPJ-1969-02.pdf}}</ref> HP introduced the first commercial LED display in 1968.<ref name="Kramer">{{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Bernhard |title=Advances in Solid State Physics |date=2003 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9783540401506 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oREQToB2q2UC&pg=PA40}}</ref> In February 1969, they introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator.<ref name="Borden"/> It was the first intelligent LED display, and was a revolution in [[digital display]] technology, replacing the [[Nixie tube]] and becoming the basis for later LED displays.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hewlett-Packard 5082-7000 |url=http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/articleview.php?item=1052 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117052948/http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/articleview.php?item=1052 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |website=The Vintage Technology Association |access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref>

In 1977, HP Labs fabricated prototypes of the [[DMOS]] (double-diffused MOSFET), a type of [[power MOSFET]]. They demonstrated that it was superior to the [[VMOS]] (V-groove MOSFET) with its lower on-resistance and higher breakdown voltage. The DMOS became the most common [[power transistor]] used in [[power electronics]].<ref name="powerelectronics">{{cite web |title=Advances in Discrete Semiconductors March On |url=https://www.powerelectronics.com/content/advances-discrete-semiconductors-march |website=[[Power Electronics]] |publisher=[[Informa]] |access-date=31 July 2019 |date=1 September 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322222716/http://powerelectronics.com/mag/509PET26.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the early 90s, HP Labs invented the concept of an [[Explicitly parallel instruction computing|Explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC)]] instruction set, which led to the [[Intel Itanium architecture]]. Towards the end of the 90s, HP Labs worked on a precursor to web services, known as e-Speak.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sliwa |first=Carol |date=2002-12-02 |title=From e-Speak to Web services |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2578587/from-e-speak-to-web-services.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Computerworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Karp |first=Alan |date=2004 |title=Lessons from E-speak |url=https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/worlds04/tech/full_papers/karp/karp.pdf |journal=Worlds 04}}</ref>

In 1999, HP Labs and [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]] built the world's first molecular logic gate for eventual application in chemically assembled [[Nanocomputer|nano-computers]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=UCLA Chemists, Hewlett-Packard Labs Colleagues Report Significant Advances Toward Chemical Computers |url=https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-Chemists-Hewlett-Packard-320 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=UCLA |language=en-US}}</ref>

During the 2000s, HP Labs in Bristol created [[Jena (framework)|Jena]], a [[semantic web]] framework.

== Research areas ==
Today, HP Labs specializes in products and solutions related to laptops and tablets, desktop computers, printers, ink and toner cartridges, display accessories and business solutions.{{clarify|date=October 2018}}

===3D printing===
HP Labs has made a substantial investment in the development of HP MultiJet Fusion technology. Previously, MetalJet technology was jointly developed between the 3D Print business and HP Labs, allowing for advanced metals to be incorporated in [[3D printing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind HP's new Metal Jet 3D Print technology lies a powerful collaborative research effort |url=https://garage.hp.com/us/en/hp-labs/behind-hp-s-new-metal-jet-3d-print-technology-lies-a-powerful-co.html |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=garage.hp.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HP's novel coating that could enable the free sintering of BJT and MIM parts |url=https://www.pim-international.com/hps-novel-coating-that-could-enable-the-free-sintering-of-binder-jetting-and-mim-parts/ |access-date= |website=PIM International |date=19 June 2023 }}</ref>

===Microfluidics===
The lab invents [[Microfluidics|microfluidic]] and imaging technologies for markets beyond office and home print, such as flexible packaging, life sciences, and sensing. The lab has also worked to develop a new method for isolating rare cancer cells.

===Security===
Security research began at the [[Bristol]] lab in the 1990s, leading to the co-founding of the TCPA alliance, later known as the [[Trusted Computing Group]]. In 2001, a Trusted Linux OS offering was created<ref>{{Cite web |title="Secure" Versions of Unix |url=https://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/other/puis3rd/0596003234_puis3-preface-2-sect-3.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=docstore.mik.ua}}</ref> amongst many years of [[Trusted Computing|trusted computing]] development. Various research projects led to product features such as Virus Throttle,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=Dennis |title=HPs Virus Throttle Aims to Halt Worms Spread |url=https://www.eweek.com/security/hps-virus-throttle-aims-to-halt-worms-spread/ |website=eweek.com |date=11 February 2005 |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref> HP SureStart,<ref>{{cite web |title=Self-healing BIOS security from HP |url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2013/09/18/self-healing-bios-security-from-hp/ |website=helpnetsecurity.com|date=18 September 2013 }}</ref> Printer Runtime Intrusion Detection, HP Connection Inspector and HP SureAdmin. HP led the EU-funded open trusted computing (OpenTC) project, bringing trusted computing to the open source software community at various venues such as [[Chaos Computer Club|CCC]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://media.ccc.de/v/linuxtag06-266-opentc_an_open_approach_to_trusted_virtualization |title=OpenTC: An Open Approach to Trusted Virtualization |date=2019-02-17 |last=Bristol) |first=Dirk Kuhlmann (European HP Laboratories |language=en |access-date=2025-11-22 |via=media.ccc.de}}</ref>

=== Industrial Digital Printing Press – HP Indigo ===
HP Labs developed a breakthrough in the charging system of HP Indigo liquid electrophotography (LEP) printing presses by replacing the three double scorotron units used in second-generation models, such as the [https://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press_kits/2010/HPatLabelexpo2010/HP_Indigo_5500_DS.pdf HP Indigo 5500], with a single charge roller unit. This innovation enabled the launch of the third-generation HP Indigo 6000 and [https://www.hp.com/us-en/industrial-printers/indigo-digital-presses/commercial-digital-presses/7k-printing-press.html 7000 presses] in 2008, resulting in a 76% increase in productivity due to a higher marking engine speed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-03-18 |title=HP Indigo 7000 Innovation |url=https://www.worldofprint.com/2008/03/18/hp-indigo-7000-innovation/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=World of Print |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gila |first1=Omer |last2=Lee |first2=Michael H. |last3=Chang |first3=Seongsik |last4=Tagansky |first4=Boaz |date=2009-01-01 |title=High-Performance Charging Unit for Liquid Electrophotographic Presses |url=https://library.imaging.org/print4fab/articles/25/1/art00044_2 |journal=NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference |language=en |volume=25 |pages=570–572 |doi=10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2009.25.1.art00044_2 |issn=2169-4451|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Directors ==
The following have served as Director of HP Labs since its foundation in 1966.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.hp.com/us-en/hp-labs/about/overview.html#section=tabs&tab=former-directors
|title=About HP Labs
|at=Former Directors
|website=HP}}</ref>

*[[Barney Oliver]] (1966–81)
*John Doyle (1981–84)
*[[Joel Birnbaum]] (1984–86 and 1991–99)
*Don Hammond (1986–87)
*Frank Carrubba (1987–91)
*Ed Karrer (1999)
*Dick Lampman (1999–2007)
*[[Prith Banerjee]] (2007–2012)
*Chandrakant Patel (interim; April 7, 2012 – Nov 2012)
*Martin Fink (2012–2016)
*Shane Wall (2016–2021)
*Tolga Kurtoglu (2021–2022)

==Lab locations==
[[File:Hplabs bristol.jpg|thumb|upright|HP Labs Bristol]]
HP Labs has laboratories in two major sites:<ref name="worldsites">{{cite web|title = About HP Labs| url=https://www.hp.com/us-en/hp-labs/about/overview.html#section=tabs&tab=locations|at = HP Labs locations|access-date = 2022-05-31 | publisher=HP}}</ref>

*[[Palo Alto]], [[California]], United States (founded in 1966)
*[[Bristol]], England, UK (founded in 1983)

Former sites:

*[[Haifa]], Israel (founded in 1984)
*[[St Petersburg]], Russia (founded in 2007)
*[[Beijing]], China (founded in 2005)<ref>{{cite web |title=HP Opens China Research Lab |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/scitech/148980.htm |website=china.org.cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127052843/http://www.china.org.cn/english/scitech/148980.htm |access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=2005-11-27 }}</ref>
*Fusionopolis, [[Singapore]] (founded in 2010)
*Cambridge, [[Massachusetts]], United States (also known as CRL, a former [[Digital Equipment Corporation#Research and people|DEC research lab]])
*[[Bangalore]], India (founded in 2002)
*[[Princeton, New Jersey]], United States
*[[Tokyo]], Japan (founded in 1990)

== Notable people ==
Some of the former employees of HP's Research Labs include:

* [[Alan Kay]]: best known for his pioneering work on [[object-oriented programming]] and [[Window (computing)|windowing]] [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) design
* [[Mohamed M. Atalla]]: best known for the [[MOSFET|MOSFET transistor]] and the world's first [[Hardware security module|hardware security module (HSM)]] business, [[HP Atalla|Atalla]].
* [[Col Needham|Colin Needham]]: the founder of [[IMDb]].
* [[R. Stanley Williams]]: best known for his re-discovery of the [[memristor]]
* [[Norman Jouppi]]: one of the computer architects at the [[Stanford MIPS|MIPS]] Stanford University Project (under [[John L. Hennessy]])
* [[Jim Gettys]]: one of the original developers of the [[X Window System]]
* [[Joel S. Birnbaum]]: known for his contributions to computer architectures, including [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] and [[Explicitly parallel instruction computing|EPIC]] architecture
* [[Prith Banerjee]]: a CTO at a number of companies.
* [[Kay-Yut Chen]]: an expert in behavioral economics.
* [[Bernard M. Oliver]]: inventor of [[Pulse-code modulation|Pulse-code modulation (PCM)]]
* [[Mark S. Miller]]: inventor of the [[E (programming language)|E programming language]].
* [[Alexander Stepanov]]: primary designer and implementer of the [[Standard Template Library|C++ Standard Template Library]].
* [[James B. Saxe]]: known for automated theorem proving and other computer science topics.
* [[Kimberly Keeton]]: best known for advancing database and storage technology.
* [[Josh Fisher]]: best known for his work on [[Very long instruction word|VLIW]] architectures, compiling, and [[instruction-level parallelism]].
* [[Marc Stiegler]]: who investigated planetary scale computing.
* [[Bernardo Huberman]]: known for his research in the economics and ecology of computation.
* [[Abraham Lempel]]: inventor of several [[Data compression|data compression algorithms]], including [[LZ77 and LZ78]] and [[Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm]].
* Phillip Kuekes: inventor of the [[crossbar latch]] in semiconductor manufacturing.
* [[Dave Cliff (computer scientist)|Dave Cliff]]: [[Professor]] in the Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, researcher and inventor.
* [[Steve Simske]]: known for advances in printing and forensics.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hp.com/us-en/hp-labs.html Official website]

{{HP}}
{{Hewlett-Packard}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hewlett-Packard|*]]
[[Category:Research organizations in the United States]]

Lughat al-Quran

2026-04-04T14:33:08Z

Marinawxb: started new info

{{Short description|1942 book by Abdul Rasheed Nomani}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Lughat al-Quran
| image = Cover of Lughat al-Quran.jpg
| caption = 1953 cover
| author = [[Abdul Rasheed Nomani]]
| title_orig = لغات القرآن
| orig_lang_code = ur
| country = [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| language = Urdu
| subject = [[Tafsir]]
| published = 1942–1958
| media_type = Print
| dewey = 297.1227
| publisher = [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]
| image_size = 250px
| oclc = 48197196
}}
'''''Lughat al-Quran''''' ({{langx|ur|لغات القرآن}}) is a 20th-century Urdu [[lexicon]] of [[Quranic studies|Quranic]] vocabulary, providing detailed explanations of words, their derivations, and contextual meanings. The work was published in six volumes by [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] in Delhi between 1942 and 1958. The first four volumes were authored by [[Abdul Rasheed Nomani]], while the final two volumes were completed by Abdul Daim al-Jalali, following Nomani's original methodology after his migration to Pakistan. The lexicon is considered an early reference in Urdu, comparable in its role to [[Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran|''Al-Mufradat'']] in Arabic.

== Compilation ==
In the early 1940s, Abdul Rasheed Nomani identified limitations in existing Urdu works on Quranic vocabulary, noting that they often addressed only selected terms, relied on unreliable citations, emphasized morphological roots that were inaccessible to general readers, or listed references without the corresponding Arabic text.<ref name=":JIBAS">{{Cite journal |last1=Ullah |first1=Syed Hayat |last2=Ahmed |first2=Sardar |last3=Ahmed |first3=Khalil |date=2022 |title=Sheikh Nomani And His Approach To The Languages Of The Quran |url=https://www.jibas.org/index.php/jibas/article/view/39 |journal=International Journal of Islamic Business, Administration and Social Sciences |language=ar |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21 |issn=2788-4325 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |access-date=17 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907232004/https://jibas.org/index.php/jibas/article/view/39 |url-status=live }}</ref> To provide a more comprehensive resource, he began compiling ''Lughat al-Quran'' in early 1942,{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=22}} with the first volume published the same year by Nadwatul Musannifeen in [[Delhi]], where he was a member.<ref name=":JIBAS" /> Nomani authored the first four volumes, and following the [[partition of India]] and his migration to Pakistan, the final two volumes were completed by Abdul Daim al-Jalali, who maintained the style and standard of the earlier parts; the last volumes appeared in 1958.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=47}}{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=22}} The six volumes are arranged alphabetically: Volume I covers Alif (ا), Volume II covers Alif to Kha (ا–خ), Volume III covers Dal to Shin (د–ش), Volume IV covers Sad to Ayn (ص–ع), Volume V covers Ghayn to Mim (غ–م), and Volume VI covers Nun to Ya (ن–ی).{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=47}} The work has been critically reviewed in magazines such as ''Maarif'' and ''Alfurqan'',{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=47}} and [[Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|Asir Adrawi]] observed that no comparable work on the subject had previously been produced in Urdu.<ref name=":Adrawi">{{Cite book |last=Adrawi |first=Asir |author-link=Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi |url=https://archive.org/download/Maktaba-Maulana-Nizamuddin-Aseer-Adravi-Sahib/Dabistan-i-Deoband-Ki-Ilmi-Khidmaat.pdf |title=Dabistan-i Deoband ki Ilmi Khidmaat |publisher=Darulmuaallifeen |year=1995 |location=Deoband, UP, India |page=46 |language=ur |oclc=47964786}}</ref> Since the book became popular among Urdu readers, multiple editions have been published in cities such as [[Lahore]] and [[Karachi]].<ref name=":JIBAS" /> A Bengali translation of the work was published in 2016 in [[Dhaka]], translated by Belayet Husain Laxmipuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lughat al-Quran |url=https://www.boibazar.com/book/logatul-quran |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=BoiBazar |language=bn}}</ref>

== Arrangement ==
The book is arranged alphabetically in Urdu rather than by root derivation or by the sequence of Quranic chapters and verses, with a supporting index of vocabulary.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Ullah|Ahmed|2022|P=|p=34}} The work is divided into sections and chapters, and each entry presents a word with its translation, grammatical details, and explanatory notes.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Ullah|Ahmed|2022|P=|p=34}} Nouns are given in singular and plural forms, verbs are listed with their grammatical patterns and Quranic paradigms,{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=47}} and derivations are included where relevant.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=46}} The lexicon also contains extended discussions of [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophets]], other figures, and places mentioned in the Quran, relying on reports regarded as reliable while excluding weak traditions and [[Israʼiliyyat]].{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=47}} Compound expressions are explained through pronoun references, construct and descriptive forms, and, where needed, morphological or syntactical analysis.{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=48}} A distinctive feature of the work is its restriction to meanings relevant to Quranic usage,{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=47}} with each entry indicating where the word occurs in the text, such as by [[Ruku (Quran)|Ruku]] or [[Juz']].<ref name=":Abdul Waris">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Abdul Waris |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |title=Islāmi Uloom mai Nadwatul Musannifeen ki Khidmāt: Ek mutāla |date=1999 |publisher=Islamic Book Foundation |location=New Delhi |page=45 |trans-title=The contribution of Nadwatul Musannifeen in Islamic studies: A study |access-date=19 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808093141/https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Methodology ==
Nomani's methodology in this book draws on multiple sources and approaches. He cites [[Āyah|Quranic verses]] to interpret one another, presenting literal meanings first and then figurative ones.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=22}} When explanation through the Quran is insufficient, he turns to [[Hadith|Prophetic traditions]], along with references to the historical contexts of revelation.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=23}} Nomani also incorporated the views of early Muslim authorities, including [[Companions of the Prophet|Companions]], jurists, and linguists, and at times examined variant [[Qira'at|Quranic readings]], distinguishing between accepted and irregular recitations.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=24}} Classical Arabic poetry was used to clarify usage, and attention was given to linguistic analysis, including rare vocabulary, grammatical structures, derivations, and broader Arabic usage.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=26}} The lexicon also contains an index of foreign words and, in some cases, addresses interpretations Nomani regarded as mistaken, countering them with Quranic and hadith evidence.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=28}} His work was strongly influenced by earlier scholarship, particularly [[Al-Raghib al-Isfahani]]'s ''[[Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran]]'', though he also engaged with figures such as [[Ibn Qutaybah]], [[Al-Kisa'i]], [[Al-Farra']], and [[Ma'mar ibn al-Muthanna|Abu Ubaidah]], either quoting directly or summarizing their views, and occasionally offering his own differing interpretations.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=22}}

== Reviews ==
Abdul Waris Khan noted that, while earlier Urdu works on Quranic vocabulary were limited in scope, ''Lughat al-Quran'' provides more comprehensive coverage.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=46}} A reviewer in the monthly ''Alfurqan'' identified minor errors in the sixth volume, specifically on pages 314 and 316.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=47}} [[Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|Asir Adrawi]] described the work as largely comprehensive and valuable for readers who study the Quran through Urdu translations and commentaries.{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=48}} Sardar Ahmed of [[Federal Urdu University]] observed its broad acceptance within scholarly and religious circles across the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=Sardar |last2=Ullah |first2=Syed Hayat |last3=Ahmed |first3=Khalil |date=2022 |title=Muhammad Abdul Rasheed Nomani And His Educational Efforts |url=https://www.jibas.org/index.php/jibas/article/view/80 |journal=International Journal of Islamic Business, Administration and Social Sciences |language=ar |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=40 |issn=2788-4325 |archive-date=15 June 2025 |access-date=17 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615062101/http://www.jibas.org/index.php/jibas/article/view/80 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Muhammad Abdul Malek]] characterized it as a systematically organized and authoritative resource accessible to students, teachers, and general readers, noting that it also enhanced the reputation of Nadwatul Musannifeen.<ref name=":Malek">{{Cite journal |last=Abdul Malek |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Abdul Malek |date=2017 |title=Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Abdur Rashid Nomani Rh. |url=https://www.alkawsar.com/bn/article/2019/ |journal=Monthly Alkawsar |volume=13 |issue=6 |archive-date=6 February 2025 |access-date=17 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206222922/https://www.alkawsar.com/bn/article/2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> MD Arif Kamal of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] highlighted the work's distinctiveness in Urdu Quranic studies and its status as a reference text.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Kamal |first=Mohd Arif |title=Ulema e Hind ki Bisween Sadi Nisf Awwal mein Khidmat e Hadith Tanquidi Mutala |access-date=1 November 2023 |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |language=ur |pages=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101061946/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |year=2020 |location=India |hdl=10603/364940 |url-status=live}}</ref> Syed Hayat Ullah of Federal Urdu University compared it to [[Al-Raghib al-Isfahani]]'s [[Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran|''Al-Mufradat'']] in Arabic, emphasizing its structured arrangement and layered utility: translations of uncommon words benefit general readers, derivations and explanations assist intermediate learners, and well-authenticated discussions serve scholarly research.{{Sfn|Ullah|Ahmed|Ahmed|2022|p=17}} In 2023, three scholars from Federal Urdu University jointly published a detailed critical study of the book's sources and references in the ''Khair ul Ummah'' journal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ullah |first1=Syed Hayat |last2=Ahmed |first2=Khalil |last3=Hayat |first3=Sakander |date=2023 |title=A research and critical review of the sources and references of book Lughat ul Quran by Shaikh Abdul Rasheed Naumani |url=https://khairulumma.com/index.php/about/article/view/70 |journal=Khairulummah |language=ar |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=16 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.8140166 |issn=2790-329X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Deobandi Quranic literature|Deobandi Quranic literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[iarchive:LughaatUlQuran|Complete ''Lughat al-Quran'']] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Tafsir}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi Quranic literature]]
[[Category:1942 books]]
[[Category:Nadwatul Musannifeen books]]
[[Category:Sunni tafsir]]
[[Category:Quran translations]]
[[Category:Tafsir works]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]

V. K. Ebrahimkunju

2026-03-26T12:41:11Z

Marinawxb: improved article

{{Short description|Indian politician (1952–2026)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ebrahim Kunju
| office1 = [[Oommen Chandy Ministry Term 2|Minister]] of [[Department of Public Works (Kerala)|Public Works]]
| term_start1 = 18 May 2011
| term_end1 = 20 May 2016
| predecessor1 = [[M. Vijayakumar]]
| successor1 = [[G. Sudhakaran]]
| office2 = [[First Oommen Chandy ministry|Minister for Industries and Social Welfare]]
| term_start2 = 2005
| term_end2 = 2006
| predecessor2 = [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
| successor2 = [[Elamaram Kareem]]
| office3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 2011
| term_end3 = 2021
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = Kalamassery (State Assembly constituency)
| term_start4 = 2001
| term_end4 = 2011
| constituency4 = Mattancherry
| party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| spouse =
| children = Adv.Abdul Gafoor, Abbas, Anwar
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|5|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kongorpilly, [[Aluva]], Travancore–Cochin, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2026|1|6|1952|5|20|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ernakulam]], Kerala, India
| residence = Crescent Gardens, Aluva, Kerala, India
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| image = V. K. Ebrahimkunju, Minister.jpg
}}

'''V. K. Ebrahim Kunju''' (20 May 1952 – 6 January 2026) was an Indian politician, who was the [[Oommen Chandy Ministry Term 2|Minister]] for [[Department of Public Works (Kerala)|Public Works]] of the [[Government of Kerala]]. He represented the [[Kalamassery]] constituency in [[Kerala]] from 2011 to 2021.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m129.htm|access-date=2020-10-18|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

== Background ==
V. K. Ebrahim Kunju was born at Kongorpilly, Aluva on 20 May 1952, to V. U. Khader and Chithumma.<ref name="myneta">{{Cite web|title=V.K.Ebrahim Kunju(ML):Constituency- KALAMASSERY(ERNAKULAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=http://myneta.info/kerala2011/candidate.php?candidate_id=17|access-date=2020-10-18|website=myneta.info}}</ref> His wife was Nadeera and they had three children Adv. Abdul Gafoor, Abbas and Anoob.<ref name="niyamasabha2"/> He qualified 10th standard in schooling.<ref name="myneta"/> His son V E Abdul Gafoor contested from Kalamassery Constituency to the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] in the 2021 polls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kunju omitted. Son Gafoor is the UDF pick in Kalamassery|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/mar/13/kunju-omitted-son-gafoor-is-udf-pick-in-kalamassery-2275892.html|access-date=2021-04-12|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Ebrahimkunju was the Minister for Industry and Social Welfare in the previous UDF Ministry. He entered politics through the [[Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)|Muslim Students Federation]] and the [[Muslim Youth League]]. He served as the chairman and chief executive of Forest Industries (Travancore) Ltd.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>

He was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in the 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 elections.<ref name="niyamasabha2"/> In the [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], V. K. Ebrahim Kunju represented Mattancherry constituency after defeating [[M. C. Josephine|M C Josephine]] of the CPI(M). In the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], Ebrahim Kunju represented [[Kalamassery]] assembly constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ernakulam (Kerala) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Winner, Runner-Up, Live Counting on Election Commission of India ECI at eciresults.nic.in|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/ernakulam-lok-sabha-election-results/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Following the resignation of [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]] leader, [[P. K. Kunhalikutty|P.K. Kunhalikutty]] the then Minister for Industries on 4 January 2005, after the [[ice cream parlour sex scandal]], V. K.Ebrahim Kunju was chosen to represent the party inside the UDF cabinet. Subsequently, he assumed office on 6 January 2005 as the Minister for Industries and Social Welfare.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Kerala Legislature - 2001 Cabinet|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|website=Niyamasabha|access-date=18 October 2020|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref> He became the Minister for Public Works from 23 May 2011 to 20 May 2016 in the [[second Oommen Chandy ministry]].<ref name="niyamasabha2">{{Cite web|title=V. K. EBRAHIM KUNJU|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/33%20Ebrahimkunju%20VK.pdf|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Niyamasabha}}</ref>

In addition to his legislative responsibilities, V. K. Ebrahim Kunju worked in various organizations in Kerala.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! Name of Organization !! Designation
|-
|Kerala Muslim Educational Associations (KMEA)||Vice President
|-
|CH Mohammed Koya College of Engineering and Technology, Edathala||Chairman
|-
|Swathanthra Thozhilali union (STU), Eloor industrial Area||Chairman
|-
|Technical Employees Association TELK, Angamaly||Chairperson
|-
|Traco cables Staff and Workers Organisation, Irumpanam||Chairperson
|-
|KEL Employees Union, mamala||Chairperson
|-
|TCC Employees union, Udyogamandal||Chairperson
|-
|Thiruvalla Sugars Union||Chairperson
|-
|Cochin university of Science and Technology||Syndicate Member
|-
|Goshree islands Development Authority (G.I.D.A) member||Executive Committee
|-
|Al Manar Public School|| Secretary
|-
|S.T.U|| State Vice President
|-
|Officers Forum, TCC Employees union, Udyogamandal||President
|-
|Traco Employees Organisation, Thiruvalla||Chairperson
|-
|Binani Zinc Workers Federation General||Secretary
|-
|G.T.N Workers Association||Chairperson
|-
|District Board of the Kerala Grandhasala Sanghom, Ernakulam|| District Development Council.
|-
|Committee on Government Assurances (constituted on 25 January 2019)||Chairman<ref>{{Cite web|title=Committees - Kerala Legislature|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/comm_14_09.htm|access-date=2021-04-12|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Minister of Public Works ===
Ebrahimkunju was the Minister of Public Works during the period from 18 May 2011 to 20 May 2016. [[Oommen Chandy]] was the chief minister during the period.

==== Achievements ====
During the period, as per the list published by Oommen Chandy, 227 bridges worth Rs. 1600 crore were built across [[Kerala]] under the Ministership of Ebrahimkunju.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandy challenges LDF to disclose list of bridges constructed during their tenure |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chandy-challenges-ldf-to-disclose-list-of-bridges-constructed-during-their-tenure-1.5551643|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Mathrubhumi name="227 Bridges"}}</ref> Such huge development works are unprecedented and cover all districts of [[Kerala]] as listed below.
{| class="wikitable"
|+New Bridges in each District (2011–2016)
! District !! No. of Bridges !!District !! No. of Bridges
|-
| [[Trivandrum]]|| 9 || [[Kollam]]|| 16
|-
| [[Pathanamthitta]]|| 17 || [[Alapuzha]] || 16
|-
| [[Kottayam]]|| 10 || [[Ernakulam]] || 28
|-
| [[Idukki]]|| 17 || [[Trissur]] || 9
|-
| [[Palakkad]]|| 12 || [[Wayanad]] || 9
|-
| [[Kozhikode]]|| 24 || [[Kannur]] || 20
|-
| [[Malappuram]]|| 20 || [[kasaragod]] || 16
|-
|}
A number of [[List of state highways in Kerala|State Highways]] were constructed including all regions of the state under [[Second Chandy ministry]], and the final decision to widen the [[National Highway (India)|National highway]]s of the state to 45 m was taken in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala government finally decides to develop national highways at 45-meter width|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kerala-government-finally-decides-to-develop-national-highways-at-45-meter-width/|last=Philip|first=Shaju|date=24 October 2014|work=Indian Express}}</ref>

== Illness and death ==
Ebrahimkunju was diagnosed with [[multiple myeloma]] in November 2020 and underwent chemotherapy. As per medical reports he needed further treatment. Doctors added that he had serious health issues and required continuous medical care.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebrahim kunju is diagnosed with cancer|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ebrahim-kunju-diagnosed-with-cancer-needs-further-treatment-says-medical-report-1.5230468.html|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Mathrubhumi}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical report says Ebrahim Kunju's health weak|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/nov/25/medical-report-says-ebrahim-kunjus-health-weak-2227666.html|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

Ebrahimkunju died at Lakeshore Hospital in Kochi, on 6 January 2026, at the age of 73. He had been undergoing treatment for multiple myeloma, heart failure and chronic kidney disease before his death. He had been admitted to hospital on 4 January following health-related complications, according to hospital authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece|date=2025-01-06|website=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Ebrahimkunju was awarded many accolades for his exemplary development works as Minister. {{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of Award !! Awarder
|-
| Best Minister in Kerala State Cabinet 2012.|| Deccan Chronicle (English Daily).
|-
| Best Minister of 2013.|| Keli Kerala.
|-
| Minister of Excellence Award|| International Road Federation, USA.
|-
| Global Road Achievement Award 2015|| Indo American Press Club.
|-
| Kerala Ratna Puraskaram.|| Keraleeyam U.K. Chapter of Global Kerala initiative.
|-
| Palakkad development Award.|| Palakkad Development Samithy.
|}

== Controversies ==

=== Palarivattom Flyover scam ===
* Ebrahimkunju was the 12th minister in the [[second Oommen Chandy ministry]] (2011–16) to be charged with graft by the [[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebrahim Kunju is 12th minister in previous UDF govt to face graft charges|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/mar/11/ebrahim-kunju-is-12th-minister-in-previous-udf-govt-to-face-graft-charges-2115089.html|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Both Enforcement Directorate ([[Enforcement Directorate|ED]]) and Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau ([[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|VACB]]) are conducting investigation against V K Ebrahim Kunju in the alleged money laundering case and [[Palarivattom Flyover Scam|Palarivattom flyover corruption case]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ED can continue probe against Ibrahim Kunju: Kerala HC|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/aug/18/ed-can-continue-probe-against-ibrahim-kunju-kerala-hc-2184761.html|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-20|title=Fresh probe against Ebrahim Kunju|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/fresh-probe-against-ebrahim-kunju/article31628935.ece|access-date=2020-10-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-21|title=VACB opens probe against Kunju|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vacb-opens-probe-against-kunju/article31644535.ece|access-date=2020-10-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 5 February 2020: Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed Khan granted permission to prosecute former [[Kerala Public Works Department|PWD]] minister and Muslim League leader VK Ebrahim Kunju MLA in the Palarivattom flyover scam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Palarivattom scam: Kerala Governor issues nod to prosecute MLA Ebrahim Kunju|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/feb/05/palarivattom-scam-kerala-governor-issues-nod-to-prosecute-mla-ebrahim-kunju-2099306.html|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Palarivattom flyover scam: Kerala Governor seeks AG's advice to prosecute VK Ebrahim Kunju|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/jan/01/palarivattom-flyover-scam-kerala-governor-seeks--ags-advice-to-prosecute-vk-ebrahim-kunju-2083582.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* 29 February 2020: The vigilance and anti-corruption bureau interrogated V. K. Ebrahim Kunju.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/flyover-graft-vacb-questions-kunju-again/articleshow/74421052.cms|title=Flyover graft: VACB questions V K Ebrahim Kunju again | Thiruvananthapuram News|website=The Times of India|date=2020-03-01|access-date=2020-12-25}}</ref>
* 9 March 2020: The [[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Kerala Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau]] conducted raids at the residence of V K Ebrahim Kunju in Kochi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=Vigilance and anti-corruption bureau raid Kerala former minister Ibrahim Kunju's house|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/vigilance-and-anti-corruption-bureau-raid-kerala-former-minister-ibrahim-kunjus-house-812149.html|access-date=2020-10-18|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tremendous pressure on Vigilance to prevent arrest of Ebrahim Kunju|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/feb/20/tremendous-pressure-on-vigilance-to-prevent-arrest-of-ebrahim-kunju-2105951.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==== Money laundering ====
* 15 November 2019: The Kerala High Court ordered the [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) to investigate the case involving allegations of money laundering against former PWD minister VK Ebrahim Kunju.<ref name="indianexpress">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-15|title=Kerala HC asks ED to probe black money allegations against former PWD minister|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-hc-asks-ed-to-probe-black-money-allegations-against-former-pwd-minister-6121092/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mathrubhumi">{{Cite web|title=Money laundering case: Vigilance questions former minister Ebrahim Kunju|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/money-laundering-case-vigilance-questions-former-minister-ebrahim-kunju-1.4792048|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-20|title=Enforcement Directorate books former Kerala minister Ebrahim Kunju for money laundering|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/enforcement-directorate-books-former-kerala-minister-ebrahim-kunju-money-laundering-120696|access-date=2020-10-19|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> He was accused of depositing Rs 10 crores into the bank accounts of IUML's mouthpiece ''[[Chandrika (newspaper)|Chandrika]]'' when high-value currency notes of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 were banned by the central government in November 2016.<ref name="indianexpress"/>
* 29 May 2020: [[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau]] interrogated V K Ebrahim Kunju in connection with money laundering case.<ref name="mathrubhumi"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=ANI|title=ED, Vigilance can continue probe against ex-PWD Minister Ebrahim Kunju: Kerala HC|url=http://businessworld.in/article/ED-Vigilance-can-continue-probe-against-ex-PWD-Minister-Ebrahim-Kunju-Kerala-HC/17-08-2020-309601|access-date=2020-10-19|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Notice served on Ibrahim Kunju for interrogation|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/feb/13/notice-served-on-ibrahim-kunju-for-interrogation-2102740.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He entered into controversy after he offered Gireesh Babu, the complainant Rs 5 lakh to withdraw the complaint.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Money laundering case: Ebrahim Kunju offered Rs 5 lakh to withdraw plaint, alleges complainant|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/money-laundering-case-ebrahim-kunju-offered-rs-5-lakh-to-withdraw-plaint-alleges-complainant-1.4774963|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Daily|first=Keralakaumudi|title=Ebrahim Kunju offered money to withdraw black money case, alleges complainant|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=308108&u=ebrahim-kunju-offered-money-to-withdraw-black-money-case-alleges-complainant|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Keralakaumudi Daily|language=en}}</ref>

Assembly polls in Kerala will be held on 6 April as declared by Election Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Elections to Be Held on April 6, Declares EC|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kerala-assembly-election-to-be-held-on-april-6-announces-ec-3476312.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=news18|date=26 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Vigilance probe team plans to submit chargesheet before Kerala Assembly Polls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Probe team to submit charge sheet before polls|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/palarivattom-flyover-scam-probe-team-to-submit-charge-sheet-before-polls-1.5419084|access-date=2021-02-26|website=news18|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ebrahimkunju, V. K.}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2026 deaths]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:People with multiple myeloma]]
[[Category:Ministers for Public Works of Kerala]]

Srikakulam Municipal Corporation

2026-03-24T20:42:36Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Srikakulam Municipal Corporation<hr />{{small|Śrīkākuḷaṁ nagara pālaka Sanstha శ్రీకాకుళం నగర పాలక సంస్థ}}
| coa_pic = {{Photomontage
|size=250
|photo1a = 700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 84.jpg
|photo1b = 2nd century BCE to 8th century CE Salihundam Buddhist site, Andhra Pradesh - 54.jpg
|photo2a = Ancient Buddhist site, Kalingapatnam Andhra Pradesh - 12.jpg
|photo2b = 11th century Kurmanatha Swamy Temple, Srikurmam Andhra Pradesh 02.jpg
|photo3a = Megalithic Dolmen at Dannanapeta 03.jpg
}}
| coa_res = 250px
| coa_alt = Srikakulam Municipal Corporation
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| body = Srikakulam
| foundation = 2015
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026)
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026)
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 =Obulesh
| seats = '''50'''
| website = {{URL|https://srikakulam.cdma.ap.gov.in}}
| motto =
}}

'''Srikakulam Municipal Corporation''' ('''SMC''') is the civic body that governs the city of [[Srikakulam]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was formed as a municipality in the year 1856 and was upgraded to corporation on 9 December 2015.<ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=10 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Masula, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram upgraded into corporations|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/masula-srikakulam-vizianagaram-upgraded-into-corporations/article7967915.ece|accessdate=10 July 2018|work=The Hindu|date=10 December 2015|location=Vijayawada}}</ref> Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Srikakulam Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation is headed by the [[Mayor]] of city and governed by the [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].

==Jurisdiction==
It is spread over an area of {{convert|20.89|km2}} and has a population of 147,015 as per the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref name=civicbody/>

==Administration==
The corporation is administered by an elected body, headed by the [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Srikakulam Corporation|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/SRIKAKULAM/Mode_of_accessibility_of_the_minutes_of_the_meetings.html|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107120845/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/SRIKAKULAM/Mode_of_accessibility_of_the_minutes_of_the_meetings.html|archivedate=7 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The present Municipal Commissioner is Obulesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2022 |title=A temple for Gandhi and other freedom fighters' in Srikakulam park |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/jan/30/temple-for-gandhi-and-other-freedom-fightersin-srikakulam-park-2413044.html |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Srikakulam Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="Sr9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="Sr10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Sr11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sr12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sr13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Srikakulam]]

Sangeeta Malhotra

2026-03-23T12:48:16Z

Marinawxb: starting new info

{{short description|Astrophysicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sangeeta Malhotra
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Sangeeta Malhotra
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Astrophysicist]]
| education = [[Delhi University]] (BA, Physics, 1988) [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] (M.A., Physics, 1990) [[Princeton University]](Ph.D., 1995)
}}

'''Sangeeta Malhotra''' is an astrophysicist who studies galaxies, their contents, and their effects on the universe around them. The objects she studies range from our own Milky Way galaxy to some of the earliest and most distant known galaxies in the epoch of cosmic dawn.

Malhotra works at the [[NASA]] [[Goddard Space Flight Center]], where she is part of the [[Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope]] project.<ref name="nasabio">{{Cite web|title=Bio - Sangeeta Malhotra|url=https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/sangeeta.malhotra|website=science.gsfc.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> She was previously a tenured full professor at [[Arizona State University]].

==Education==
Malhotra received her bachelor's degree in physics from [[Delhi University]] in 1988, and her master's degree in physics from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|Indian Institute of Technology -]] Kanpur in 1990. In 1995, she became the first woman of color to receive a PhD in Astrophysics from [[Princeton University]].<ref name="nasabio" /> Her Ph.D. supervisor at Princeton was Professor [[Gillian R. Knapp|Gillian Knapp]]. Malhotra's Ph.D. thesis examined the distribution of atomic and molecular gas in the Milky Way galaxy. Results from her thesis work are reproduced in the textbook "Galactic Structure", by Binney and Merrifield.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Binney, James, 1950-|title=Galactic astronomy|date=1998|publisher=Princeton University Press|others=Merrifield, Michael, 1964-|isbn=0-691-00402-1|location=Princeton, NJ|oclc=39108765}}</ref>

==Career==
After completing her Ph.D., Malhotra first held a postdoctoral fellowship at the [[California Institute of Technology]].<ref name="nasabio" /> She next won a NASA [https://www.stsci.edu/stsci-research/fellowships/nasa-hubble-fellowship-program/2017-and-prior-fellows Hubble Fellowship], which she held at the [[National Optical Astronomy Observatory]] in Tucson and subsequently at the [[Johns Hopkins University]] in Baltimore, Maryland. She then joined the science staff at the [[Space Telescope Science Institute]] in Baltimore, where she worked from 2001 to 2005. She moved to a faculty position at [[Arizona State University]] in Tempe, Arizona in 2006, where she helped build up the new [https://sese.asu.edu School of Earth and Space Exploration].<ref name="nasabio" /> She moved to NASA's [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] in early 2017 to take up a position working on development of the [[Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope]].

==Research==

=== Infrared Properties of Galaxies ===
Malhotra and collaborators used [[Infrared Space Observatory]] data to study the far-infrared line emission from galaxies. In particular, she demonstrated that the 158 micron emission line of ionized carbon becomes a relatively less prominent spectral feature in galaxies with higher infrared luminosity and/or warmer interstellar dust.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=S.|last2=Helou|first2=G.|last3=Stacey|first3=G.|last4=Hollenbach|first4=D.|last5=Lord|first5=S.|last6=Beichman|first6=C. A.|last7=Dinerstein|first7=H.|last8=Hunter|first8=D. A.|last9=Lo|first9=K. Y.|last10=Lu|first10=N. Y.|last11=Rubin|first11=R. H.|date=1997-12-10|title=''Infrared Space Observatory'' Measurements of <nowiki>[C ii]</nowiki> Line Variations in Galaxies|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=491|issue=1|pages=L27–L30|doi=10.1086/311044|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=S.|last2=Kaufman|first2=M. J.|last3=Hollenbach|first3=D.|last4=Helou|first4=G.|last5=Rubin|first5=R. H.|last6=Brauher|first6=J.|last7=Dale|first7=D.|last8=Lu|first8=N. Y.|last9=Lord|first9=S.|last10=Stacey|first10=G.|last11=Contursi|first11=A.|date=2001-11-10|title=Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Normal Galaxies: Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=561|issue=2|pages=766–786|doi=10.1086/323046|arxiv=astro-ph/0106485|bibcode=2001ApJ...561..766M |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Lyman Alpha Galaxies and Cosmological Reionization ===
Malhotra initiated the Large Area Lyman Alpha survey<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rhoads|first1=James E.|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Dey|first3=Arjun|last4=Stern|first4=Daniel|last5=Spinrad|first5=Hyron|last6=Jannuzi|first6=Buell T.|date=2000-12-20|title=First Results from the Large-Area Lyman Alpha Survey|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/317874|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=545|issue=2|pages=L85–L88|doi=10.1086/317874 | arxiv=astro-ph/0003465|bibcode=2000ApJ...545L..85R |s2cid=16732902 }}</ref> in the late 1990s. This was one of the first research projects to successfully identify galaxies in the early universe using their [[Lyman-alpha line|Lyman alpha]] emission lines, a method that had been first proposed in 1967 by Bruce Partridge and [[Jim Peebles]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Partridge|first1=R. B.|last2=Peebles|first2=P. J. E.|date=1967|title=Are Young Galaxies Visible?|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=147|pages=868|doi=10.1086/149079|bibcode=1967ApJ...147..868P |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}</ref> She has gone on to study [[Lyman-alpha emitter|galaxies with strong Lyman alpha lines]] in detail. In particular, she demonstrated that they tend to be young, with extreme star formation properties<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=Sangeeta|last2=Rhoads|first2=James E.|date=2002-02-01|title=Large Equivalent Width L[CLC]y[/CLC]α line Emission at <nowiki>z=4.5</nowiki>: Young Galaxies in a Young Universe?|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=565|issue=2|pages=L71–L74|doi=10.1086/338980 |arxiv=astro-ph/0111126|doi-access=free}}</ref> and (for galaxies) small sizes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=Sangeeta|last2=Rhoads|first2=James E.|last3=Finkelstein|first3=Steven L.|last4=Hathi|first4=Nimish|last5=Nilsson|first5=Kim|last6=McLinden|first6=Emily|last7=Pirzkal|first7=Norbert|date=2012-05-10|title=SIZING UP Lyα AND LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/750/2/L36|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=750|issue=2|pages=L36|doi=10.1088/2041-8205/750/2/L36|issn=2041-8205|arxiv=1106.2816|bibcode=2012ApJ...750L..36M |s2cid=119194628 }}</ref>

She also pioneered the technique of using Lyman alpha galaxies to study cosmological reionization, leading a 2004 paper that demonstrated that the gas between galaxies was already mostly ionized at redshift 6.5, when the universe was less than a billion years old.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=Sangeeta|last2=Rhoads|first2=James E.|date=2004-12-10|title=Luminosity Functions of Lyα Emitters at Redshifts z = 6.5 and z = 5.7: Evidence against Reionization at z ≤ 6.5|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/427182|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=617|issue=1|pages=L5–L8|doi=10.1086/427182 | arxiv=astro-ph/0407408|bibcode=2004ApJ...617L...5M |s2cid=118915884 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> Recently, she, her former Ph.D. student V. S. Tilvi, and other collaborators identified the most distant galaxy group so far known (EGS77), and found evidence that these galaxies are ionizing their surroundings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Astronomers Spot Distant Galaxy Group Driving Ancient Cosmic Makeover|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/astronomers-spot-distant-galaxy-group-driving-ancient-cosmic-makeover|last=Jenner|first=Lynn|date=2019-12-31|website=NASA|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tilvi|first1=V.|last2=Malhotra|first2=S.|last3=Rhoads|first3=J. E.|last4=Coughlin|first4=A.|last5=Zheng|first5=Z.|last6=Finkelstein|first6=S. L.|last7=Veilleux|first7=S.|last8=Mobasher|first8=B.|last9=Wang|first9=J.|last10=Probst|first10=R.|last11=Swaters|first11=R.|date=2020-02-27|title=Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of an Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myr after the Big Bang|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=891|issue=1|pages=L10|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec|issn=2041-8213|arxiv=2001.00873|bibcode=2020ApJ...891L..10T |s2cid=209832401 |doi-access=free }}</ref> She is the US [[principal investigator]] of the ongoing multinational [http://www.lagersurvey.org LAGER project] (Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization), which is identifying hundreds of Lyman alpha galaxies in the epoch of cosmic dawn.

=== Slitless Spectroscopy from Space ===
Malhotra has led three [[Hubble Space Telescope]] treasury programs<ref>{{Cite web|title=HST Treasury Proposals|url=http://archive.stsci.edu/hst/treasury.html|website=archive.stsci.edu|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> ([https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/grapes/ GRAPES], [https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/pears/ PEARS], and FIGS<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pirzkal|first1=Norbert|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Ryan|first3=Russell E.|last4=Rothberg|first4=Barry|last5=Grogin|first5=Norman|last6=Finkelstein|first6=Steven L.|last7=Koekemoer|first7=Anton M.|last8=Rhoads|first8=James|last9=Larson|first9=Rebecca L.|last10=Christensen|first10=Lise|last11=Cimatti|first11=Andrea|date=2017-09-01|title=FIGS—Faint Infrared Grism Survey: Description and Data Reduction|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=846|issue=1|pages=84|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aa81cc|arxiv=1706.02669 |bibcode=2017ApJ...846...84P |issn=1538-4357|hdl=10150/625750|s2cid=38863528 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free }}</ref>) that have collectively advanced the application of [[Slitless spectroscopy|slitless spectroscopic]] observations from space. While initially designed to identify galaxies in the distant universe,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malhotra|first1=S.|last2=Rhoads|first2=J. E.|last3=Pirzkal|first3=N.|last4=Haiman|first4=Z.|last5=Xu|first5=C.|last6=Daddi|first6=E.|last7=Yan|first7=H.|last8=Bergeron|first8=L. E.|last9=Wang|first9=J.|last10=Ferguson|first10=H. C.|last11=Gronwall|first11=C.|date=2005-06-20|title=An Overdensity of Galaxies at z = 5.9 + 0.2 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Confirmed Using the ACS Grism|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/430047|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=626|issue=2|pages=666–679|doi=10.1086/430047|issn=0004-637X|arxiv=astro-ph/0501478|bibcode=2005ApJ...626..666M |s2cid=55026837 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rhoads|first1=James E.|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Stern|first3=Daniel|last4=Dickinson|first4=Mark|last5=Pirzkal|first5=Norbert|last6=Spinrad|first6=Hyron|last7=Reddy|first7=Naveen|last8=Hathi|first8=Nimish|last9=Grogin|first9=Norman|last10=Koekemoer|first10=Anton|last11=Peth|first11=Michael A.|title=A Lyman Break Galaxy in the Epoch of Reionization Fromhubble Space Telescopegrism Spectroscopy|date=2013-07-22|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=773|issue=1|pages=32|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/32|arxiv=1302.7005|bibcode=2013ApJ...773...32R |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tilvi|first1=V.|last2=Pirzkal|first2=N.|last3=Malhotra|first3=S.|last4=Finkelstein|first4=S. L.|last5=Rhoads|first5=J. E.|last6=Windhorst|first6=R.|last7=Grogin|first7=N. A.|last8=Koekemoer|first8=A.|last9=Zakamska|first9=N. L.|last10=Ryan|first10=R.|last11=Christensen|first11=L.|date=2016-08-05|title=FIRST RESULTS FROM THE FAINT INFRARED GRISM SURVEY (FIGS): FIRST SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF Ly α EMISSION AND LYMAN BREAK FROM A GALAXY AT z = 7.51|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=827|issue=1|pages=L14|doi=10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L14|issn=2041-8213|arxiv=1605.06519|bibcode=2016ApJ...827L..14T |s2cid=119295160 |doi-access=free }}</ref> these projects have also proven invaluable for identifying galaxies at intermediate distances,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pirzkal|first1=N.|last2=Xu|first2=C.|last3=Ferreras|first3=I.|last4=Malhotra|first4=S.|last5=Mobasher|first5=B.|last6=Rhoads|first6=J. E.|last7=Pasquali|first7=A.|last8=Panagia|first8=N.|last9=Koekemoer|first9=A. M.|last10=Ferguson|first10=H. C.|last11=Gronwall|first11=C.|date=2006-01-10|title=Morphology and Evolution of Emission-Line Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/498129|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=636|issue=2|pages=582–591|doi=10.1086/498129|issn=0004-637X|arxiv=astro-ph/0509551|bibcode=2006ApJ...636..582P |s2cid=6560960 }}</ref> studying the chemical compositions of those galaxies,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xia|first1=Lifang|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Rhoads|first3=James|last4=Pirzkal|first4=Nor|last5=Straughn|first5=Amber|last6=Finkelstein|first6=Steven|last7=Cohen|first7=Seth|last8=Kuntschner|first8=Harald|last9=Kümmel|first9=Martin|last10=Walsh|first10=Jeremy|last11=Windhorst|first11=Rogier A.|date=2012-07-01|title=METALLICITIES OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES FROM HST ACS PEARS AND HST WFC3 ERS GRISM SPECTROSCOPY AT 0.6 < z < 2.4|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/28|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=144|issue=1|pages=28|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/28|issn=0004-6256|arxiv=1205.3172|bibcode=2012AJ....144...28X |s2cid=118501972 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pharo|first1=John|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Rhoads|first3=James|last4=Christensen|first4=Lise|last5=Finkelstein|first5=Steven L.|last6=Grogin|first6=Norman|last7=Harish|first7=Santosh|last8=Jiang|first8=Tianxing|last9=Kim|first9=Keunho|last10=Koekemoer|first10=Anton|last11=Pirzkal|first11=Norbert|date=2019-03-29|title=Emission-line Metallicities from the Faint Infrared Grism Survey and VLT/MUSE|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=874|issue=2|pages=125|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab08ec|arxiv=1810.12342 |bibcode=2019ApJ...874..125P |hdl=11585/732007 |s2cid=56066945 |issn=1538-4357 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and even studying stars in our own Galaxy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pirzkal|first1=N.|last2=Sahu|first2=K. C.|last3=Burgasser|first3=A.|last4=Moustakas|first4=L. A.|last5=Xu|first5=C.|last6=Malhotra|first6=S.|last7=Rhoads|first7=J. E.|last8=Koekemoer|first8=A. M.|last9=Nelan|first9=E. P.|last10=Windhorst|first10=R. A.|last11=Panagia|first11=N.|date=2005-03-20|title=Stars in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/427896|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=622|issue=1|pages=319–332|doi=10.1086/427896 |arxiv=astro-ph/0412097|bibcode=2005ApJ...622..319P |s2cid=7588745 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> Further developments of these techniques form a core part of the planned observing programs for ESA's [[Euclid (spacecraft)|''Euclid'' mission]] and NASA's [[Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope|''Roman'' mission]], and Malhotra is helping develop plans for the ''Roman'' application.

=== Pea galaxies ===
Malhotra has directed multiple PhD students in studying [[Pea galaxy|Green Pea galaxies]]. She and her collaborators have demonstrated that these comparatively local objects bear striking similarities to Lyman alpha galaxies in the early universe,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Huan|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Gronke|first3=Max|last4=Rhoads|first4=James E.|last5=Dijkstra|first5=Mark|last6=Jaskot|first6=Anne|last7=Zheng|first7=Zhenya|last8=Wang|first8=Junxian|date=2016-03-30|title=GREEN PEA GALAXIES REVEAL SECRETS OF Ly α ESCAPE|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=820|issue=2|pages=130|doi=10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/130|issn=1538-4357|arxiv=1506.02885|bibcode=2016ApJ...820..130Y |s2cid=118400206 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Huan|last2=Malhotra|first2=Sangeeta|last3=Gronke|first3=Max|last4=Rhoads|first4=James E.|last5=Leitherer|first5=Claus|last6=Wofford|first6=Aida|last7=Jiang|first7=Tianxing|last8=Dijkstra|first8=Mark|last9=Tilvi|first9=V.|last10=Wang|first10=Junxian|date=2017-08-03|title=Ly α Profile, Dust, and Prediction of Ly α Escape Fraction in Green Pea Galaxies|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=844|issue=2|pages=171|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aa7d4d|arxiv=1701.01857 |bibcode=2017ApJ...844..171Y |issn=1538-4357|hdl=10852/60241|s2cid=56422449 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free }}</ref> which is valuable because the pea galaxies are easier to study in detail than their more distant counterparts.{{fact|date=January 2023}}

== Students ==

Malhotra has advised over a half dozen Ph.D. thesis students, including Steven Finkelstein, Nimish Hathi, Vithal Tilvi, Lifang Xia, Huan Yang, Tianxing Jiang, and John Pharo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangeeta Malhotra - The Mathematics Genealogy Project|url=https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=138515&fChrono=1|website=genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Malhotra was awarded a NASA Hubble Fellowship in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2017 and Prior Fellows|url=http://www.stsci.edu/home/stsci-research/fellowships/nasa-hubble-fellowship-program/2017-and-prior-fellows|website=STScI.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> She is a Legacy Fellow of the [[American Astronomical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=AAS Fellows Program {{!}} American Astronomical Society|url=https://aas.org/grants-and-prizes/aas-fellows|website=aas.org|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malhotra, Sangeeta}}
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:NASA astrophysicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Astronomical Society]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Paithan

2026-03-20T04:56:54Z

Marinawxb: minor reworked lead after review also and corrected details

{{redirect|Pratishthana|the ancient town in Uttar Pradesh|Pratishthanpur|other uses|Pratishtha (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Paithan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = mr
| other_name = Pratishthana
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India3
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|19.48|N|75.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Marathwada]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1st century BCE
| named_for =
| government_type = Nagarpalika election result 2016
All 23 seats result
Mayor - [[BJP]],

[[Shivsena]] - 7,

[[Nationalist Congress party]] - 6,

[[BJP]] - 5,

[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] - 4,

Other- 1.
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = MLA
| leader_title2 = Mayor
| leader_name1 = [[Vilas Sandipanrao Bhumre]] ([[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]) (2024)
| leader_name2 = Suraj Rajendra Lolge ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) (2016)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 458
| population_total = 57,280
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 431 107
| area_code = 02431
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MH-20
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| official_name = Paithan
}}

'''Paithan''' ({{IPA|mr|'pəɪ.ʈʰəɳ||Paithan.ogg}}), historically '''Pratiṣṭhāna''' [[Help:IPA|[pɾə'tɪʂʈʰanə]]], is a town with [[municipal council]] in [[Aurangabad |Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district, Maharashtra]], Maharashtra, India. Paithan is located {{convert|56|km}} south of present-day Aurangabad on the banks of the [[Godavari River]]. It was the capital of the [[Satavahana dynasty]], which ruled from the second century BCE to the second century CE. It is one of the few inland towns mentioned in the famous first-century Greek book, the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]''.

Paithan is associated with many spiritual leaders of all faiths since ages. To name some of them are - [[Changdev Maharaj]], [[Dnyaneshwar|Saint Dnyaneshwar]], [[Sopan|Saint Sopandev]], [[Nivruttinath|Saint Nivruttinath]], [[Muktabai|Saint Muktabai]], [[Eknath|Saint Eknath]], Saint Jaganade Maharaj, [[Bhanudas|Saint Bhanudas]], etc. Paithan was the home town and Samadhi sthal of the great Marathi saint Eknath; people flock yearly to his shrine during the time of the Paithan [[yatra]], also known as the [[Nath]] Shashti. Apegaon village, the birthplace of Saint Dnyaneshwar and his three other siblings is located along the northern bank of the River Godavari, about 12 kilometers easterly to Paithan. The religious saints and philosophers enthralled the masses through their works written in simple Marathi style and popularized the bhakti movement in the wake of Islamic expansion. Therefore, Paithan eminently deserves the appellation as "Santpura". Paithan is also an important place for followers of [[Mahanubhava]] Sampradaya. Sarvajna [[Chakradhar Swami]] stayed in Paithan for a long period.

Paithan is a well known ancient Digambar Jain {{Transliteration|hi|atishay kshetra}} (pilgrimage place of miracles). A beautiful black sand idol of 20th Jain Tirthankar, Bhagwan Munisuvratnath is in the temple.

Paithan is also known for its [[sari]]s — the [[Paithani]] beautiful [[silk]] saris that sport intricately embroidered [[gold (color)|gold]] or [[silver (color)|silver]] borders.

[[Jayakwadi Dam|Dnyaneshwar Udyan]] at Paithan is developed on the lines of [[Brindavan Gardens]], [[Mysore]].

The city is home to many noted personalities of modern times like [[Shankarrao Chavan]], Yogiraj maharaj Gosavi (Descendant of Sant Eknath), Balasaheb Patil (Historian)

==History==

Pratishthana ([[Sanskrit]]: प्रतिष्ठान, lit. ''standing firmly'') was capital of first [[Satavahana]] king [[Simuka]], from where it grew into an empire covering almost half of present India. The Satavahanas were known as "Trisamudratoyapitvahana". Later, under the name Pishtapura ([[Sanskrit]]: पिष्टपुर, lit. ''flour city''), it was taken by the [[Chalukya]] ruler [[Pulakesin II]] who commissioned the recording of the event in a poem as "reducing Pishtapuram to flour".

Pratishthanapura or present day Paithan is said to be the capital of Mulaka desh. [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Nashik]], [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], [[Washim]] are parts of Mulaka. Muluka or Mulaka is identified and it is also known as Moolaka or Moolaka desha along with [[Ashmaka]].

According to Puranas, Pratishthana was built by King [[Ila (Hinduism)|Sudyumna]], son of [[Vaivasvata Manu|Manu]]. Once Sudyumna, who was one of the few sons of Manu, strayed into Shiva's forest during his hunting trip around [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manulaya]] and was cursed to become a woman named Ila by Shiva. By praying to Shiva's consort Parvati, Sudyumna managed to stay as man and woman alternatively every month.<ref>Valmiki Ramayana, Uttara Khanda, Sarga 90</ref> He would not remember events of one stage in the other. When he was a woman, he married the son of [[Chandra]], [[Budha]] (Mercury, one of the nine planets the 'Navagrahas'), through whom he had a son ([[Pururavas]]). Budha helped Ila to attain his former self by pleasing Shiva through '[[Ashvamedha|Ashvamedha Yagna]]' (Horse sacrifice). After leaving Budha, at the instance of Sage Vasiştha, Ila established [[Lunar dynasty|Somavamsa]] in the city of Pratishthana in the valley of [[Western Ghats|Sahya mountains]] by banks of river [[Godavari]] from where he ruled for long. After him, Pururavas became the king of Pratishthana.<ref>Valmiki Ramayana, Uttara Khanda, Sarga 90</ref>

In ancient times it was called Pratishthanpura and it has seen many ups and downs in its long and chequered history. Because of its long and continued existence it was the seat of a number of dynasties and dynastic rules. It was credited to be the capital of the ancient Janpadas like Asmaka. Thus, Paithan gained the epithet as "Supratisthana" (Sanskrit: सुप्रतिष्ठान, lit. ''standing very firmly'') not only for its political importance as the capital city during the long rule of the Satavahanas and of great consequence till the Yadavas, but also for its affluence and of highly advanced civilization. Its importance has also been vouchsafed in the writings of the foreign travelers and geographers. As a great commercial centre, it was very well linked with the other important towns of ancient India and the western world. Its exports had earned great reputation in the western markets and had achieved international renown. Its quality textiles such as the Paithani had no parallel in the contemporary world. The Roman parliament was rather forced to put a ban on such types of luxurious imports to save the nation form extravagance. So its contributions in the field of trade and commerce are equally noteworthy and as important as in the fields of politics and religion.

Archaeologically, Paithan's importance need not be overemphasised. The environs of Paithan have given evidence of pre-historic and proto-historic antiquities. Whereas, in the historical period archaeological data from the Satavahans to the Yadavas has been recorded. Even now a number of antiquities of different periods are abundantly available on the surface of the mounds at Paithan. Thus we come across an amazing variety of beads, terracotta. Bangles and coins of the Satavahana period. Some of the punch-marked coins predate the Satavahans and the foreign coins confirm its close contacts with the western world.
Paithan, with its varied and variegated politico-economic and religio-social activities greatly contributed to the growth of a highly enriched cultural milieu and perhaps no other city in Maharashtra could possibly compare itself favorably with Paithan. Apart from the thriving of the three major religious sects such as Buddhism, Jainism and Vedic religion at Paithan ever since it became the capital city of the Satavahanas, all the religious movements during the medieval period have centered round this historic city.

Paithan the ancient city of Pratishthan, is situated on the left bank of the river Godavari. Since the second millennium B.C. The dawn of the Goda Valley Civilisation it has played a vital role in shaping the culture of the region and has been a sacred place for the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Jains.
From ancient times Paithan was important emporium of trade and commerce with links connecting it to marts in India and in Europe. It developed its own religion and educational institutions and in the field of art, drew the attention of the Muslim invaders, who overran the city and whose culture left its imprint upon the life and manners of the people of Paithan.
During the seventeenth century, the Marathas, recognizing the value of Paithan as a centre of religious and economic importance, strove hard to keep it under control. They felt a special affinity towards this ancient city and many Maratha rulers made it a point to stop at Paithan while on their way to other places. In 1679, for instance, Chhatrapati Shivaji halted at Paithan while proceeding to Jalna. During his stay he issued a charter appointing Kawale – a leading priest of Paithan – as a royal priest. This arrangement made by Shivaji for a local priest to perform the family rituals is understandable as Paithan was regarded as moksha-tirtha – a pilgrimage centre from where the soul could be liberated forever from a shackled existence. Shivajis son and successors honoured this charter for a long time.
The Peshwas, the administrators of the Maratha rulers, also kept close connections with Paithan city. Peshwa Balaji Bajirao in 1761, married into the Wakhare family – moneylender of Paithan and his successors . Peshwas Madhavrao and Narayanrao, maintained the close association. Peshwa Madhavrao, judging from his letters, was particularly impressed by the textiles of Paithan.

==Geography==
Paithan is located at {{Coord|19.48|N|75.38|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Paithan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Paithan]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert |458 |m |ft |abbr=on}}.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Paithan had a population of 34,556. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Paithan has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 60%. In Paithan, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

[[Bidkin]] is a large village in Paithan Taluka having a population of 14941 according to 2001 census.

===Religion in Paithan City===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Paithan city (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|publisher=Census |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> 
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 90
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 2.4
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 2.45
|color3 = Blue
|label4 = [[Jainism]]
|value4 = 0.72
|color4 = red
|label5 = [[Christianity]]
|value5 = 0.22
|color5 = DodgerBlue
|label6 = [[Sikhism]]
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Yellow
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.22
|color7 = Gray
}}

===Religion in Paithan Taluka===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Paithan Taluka (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|publisher=Census |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> 
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 54.8
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 48
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 3.6
|color3 = Blue
|label4 = [[Jainism]]
|value4 = 0.43
|color4 = red
|label5 = [[Christianity]]
|value5 = 0.15
|color5 = DodgerBlue
|label6 = [[Sikhism]]
|value6 = 0.02
|color6 = Yellow
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.19
|color7 = Gray
}}

== Transport ==
* Nearest Railway Station : [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Railway Station]] {{convert |50 |km |mi |abbr=on}}
* Nearest Airport : Aurangabad {{convert |53 |km |mi |abbr=on}}

;Available bus routes
* Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar - Paithan
* [[Ahilyanagar]] - [[Shevgaon]] - Paithan
* [[Beed]] - [[Gevrai]] - Paithan
* [[Jalna (city)|Jalna]]-[[Ambad]]-[[Pachod]]- Paithan
* Paithan - [[Ahilyanagar]] - [[Pune]]
* Paithan - [[Nanded]]
* Paithan - [[Jalgaon]]
* Paithan - [[Bhusaval]]
* Paithan - [[Mumbai]]
* Paithan - [[Borivali]]

==Education==
* Pratishthan Mahavidyalay, Paithan
* Shri Nath Junior College, Paithan
* Shri Nath High School, Paithan
* Shalivahan Vidyalay, Paithan
* Zilha Parishad Boys High School, Paithan
* Zilha Parishad Girls High School, Paithan
* Zilha Parishad School(s), Paithan
* Maulana Azad Urdu Primary School, Paithan

==Tourist attractions==

{{columns-list |colwidth=30em|

* Sant [[Eknath]] Samadhi Mandir
* Sant [[Eknath]] Maharaj House
* Naag Ghat and Palthi Nagari (Santa jñānēśvara mahārājānī rēyamumamukhī vēda vaḍavilā tē ṭhāyakana)
* Dashkriya Vidhi Ghat,Paithan
* Nath Sagar [[Jayakwadi Dam]]
* Sant Dnyaneshwar Garden
* Dr.Balasaheb Patil Archaeological Museum, At Sant Dnyaneshwar Garden
* Bird Sanctuary: home for migratory birds from Siberia
* Geeta Mandir near Sant Dynaneshwar Udyaan
* Sant Jagnade Maharaj Mandir, Teli Dharmashala
* 12 Jyotirlinga Temples in Paithan
* Shri 1008 Munisuvratnath Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra
* Tirth Khamb
* Maulana Sahab dargah
* Maratha Kranti Bhawan, the first of kranti bhawans in Maharashtra by Maratha community is coming up in Katpur area, five kilometers north of Paithan
* Aapegaon, 12km easterly to Paithan, on the northern bank of the Godavari river : The Birth Place Of Sant [[Dnyaneshwar]] Maharaj (Mauli) and his three siblings
* Mungi, 15km south-easterly to Paithan, on the Southern bank of the Godavari river (in Ahmednagar district) : The Birth place of [[Nimbarkacharya]] ji Maharaj(Nimbarka Peeth)
}}

=== Paithan Jain Tirth ===
Paithan is a well known ancient Digambar Jain {{Transliteration|hi|atishay kshetra}}, meaning a pilgrimage place of miracles. This temple is dedicated to Munisuvrata, the 20th Jain tirthanakar. The moolnayak of this temple is a black colored ''sand idol'' of Bhagwan Munisuvrat Nath. The idol is of the time period when stone idols were not generally made, thus indicating its antiquity. It is even believed that Lord [[Rama]], Lakshman and Sita of [[Treta Yuga]] worshiped this idol. This Jain tirtha and the idol are considered as powerful hence qualifying as an {{Transliteration|hi|atishay kshetra}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

=== Saint Jaganade Maharaj Temple ===
Shri Santaji Jagnade (1624–1688) was one of fourteen cymbal players employed by Shri Tukaram Maharaja, a prominent Marathi Saint. Jagnade recorded several of Tukaram's Abhangs. He belonged to the Teli caste of oil producers[3] and is the only Saint from that caste. Jagnade was born and brought up in Sadumbare in the Maval tehsil in the Pune District. He was a Varkari, a vaishnav devotee of Lord Vitthal, who is supreme Lord Krishna Himself appearing as the King of [[Dvārakā|Dwaraka]]. The address of his temple in Paithan is Shree Santaji Maharaj Tilven Teli Samaj Dharmshala, which is located close to Dashkriya Vidhi Paithan ghat, little easterly to Eknath Maharaj Mandir. The founders of this temple are Mr. Pralhadseth Sidlambe, Mr.Tulshidas Bhanudas Kharge and Mr. Kedarnath Dadarao Sarje.

=== Jayakwadi Dam===
A major [[Embankment dam]] called the "[[Jayakwadi Dam]]" is located near Paithan, and is known for attracting a wide variety of resident and migratory birds which has been established as [[Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary]]. This is the world's first dam made from soil. It has 27 gates. On 9 August 2006, Paithan experienced its worst flood in known history when the dam floodgates were opened because of heavy rainfall in the region, half of city was drawn in the water due to which many people migrated to othe places for few days. The Jayakwadi dam is filled by the flow of water coming from the Nashik division. Photography at this dam is banned and driving your vehicle up to the dam is not permitted.

== Notable people ==
* [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
* [[Sant Eknath]]
* [[Sant Dnyaneshwar]]
* [[Shalivahan]]

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{Reflist}}

==Geographical location==
{{NSEW|[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]|[[Beed]]|[[Shahagad]]|[[Nevasa]]|||||}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Paithan}}

{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Satavahana dynasty]]
[[Category:Places situated on the banks of the Godavari river]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Maharashtra]]

The Big Bull

2026-03-16T12:12:29Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|2021 Indian drama film by Kookie Gulati}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Big Bull
| image = The Big Bull Film.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Kookie Gulati
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Ajay Devgn]]
*[[Anand Pandit]]
* Vikrant Sharma
*Kumar Mangat Pathak
}}
| screenplay = Kookie Gulati Arjun Dhawan
| based_on = [[Harshad Mehta]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Abhishek Bachchan]]
*[[Ileana D'Cruz]]
*[[Nikita Dutta]]
}}
| studio = [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]] Anand Pandit Motion Pictures
| distributor = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| music = '''Songs:''' Gourov Dasgupta Wily Frenzy Mehul Vyas '''Background Score:''' [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]
| cinematography = [[Vishnu Rao]]
| editing = Dharmendra Sharma
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|4|8}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''The Big Bull''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Crime film|crime drama film]] directed and written by Kookie Gulati, based on stockbroker [[Harshad Mehta]] who was involved in financial crimes over a period of 10 years during 1980–1990.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Sep 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan shares the first poster for his next 'The Big Bull' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-bachchan-shares-the-first-poster-for-his-next-the-big-bull/articleshow/71166218.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010223505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-bachchan-shares-the-first-poster-for-his-next-the-big-bull/articleshow/71166218.cms |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan, Ileana D'Cruz Begin Filming Ajay Devgn's 'The Big Bull' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227131128/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |publisher=[[News 18]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]] and [[Nikita Dutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Sep 2019 |title=The Big Bull poster: Abhishek Bachchan begins work on upcoming Ajay Devgn production. See pic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/the-big-bull-poster-abhishek-bachchan-begins-work-on-upcoming-ajay-devgn-production-see-pic/story-c5divI3g6SFYGukdXRIorI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218115134/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/the-big-bull-poster-abhishek-bachchan-begins-work-on-upcoming-ajay-devgn-production-see-pic/story-c5divI3g6SFYGukdXRIorI.html |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref name="p1:dna" /> It entered production in September 2019, and was digitally released on 8 April 2021 on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan kickstarts The Big Bull, produced by Ajay Devgn. Bollywood says all the best |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/abhishek-bachchan-kickstarts-the-big-bull-produced-by-ajay-devgn-bollywood-says-all-the-best-1600086-2019-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918044548/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/abhishek-bachchan-kickstarts-the-big-bull-produced-by-ajay-devgn-bollywood-says-all-the-best-1600086-2019-09-17 |archive-date=18 September 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name="release date">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2021 |title=The Big Bull teaser out: Abhishek Bachchan, Ajay Devgn introduce film as 'mother of all scams.' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-big-bull-teaser-out-abhishek-bachchan-ajay-devgn-introduce-film-as-mother-of-all-scams-watch-video-691307 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320025455/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/the-big-bull-teaser-out-abhishek-bachchan-ajay-devgn-introduce-film-as-mother-of-all-scams-watch-video-691307 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=[[India TV News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews, praising Bachchan's performance, but criticized in comparison to the much acclaimed ''[[Scam 1992]]'', released the previous year, which was also based on Mehta's life.

== Plot ==
Based on the life of [[Harshad Mehta]], the movie follows the rise and fall of the stock market broker who rose from the chawls of [[Mumbai]] and became one of the big players of the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] in the early 1990s, while the country was undergoing major changes in its economy ([[Economic liberalisation in India]]).

== Cast ==
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] as Hemant Shah (based on [[Harshad Mehta]])
* [[Ileana D'Cruz]] as Meera Rao (based on [[Sucheta Dalal]])
* [[Nikita Dutta]] as Priya Patel Shah (based on Jyoti Mehta)
* [[Sumit Vats]] as Hari Vyas
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Rana Sawant
* [[Ram Kapoor]] as Ashok Mirchandani, Hemant's lawyer (based on [[Ram Jethmalani]])
* [[Sohum Shah]] as Viren Shah, Hemant's brother, based on Ashwin Mehta
* Lekha Prajapati as Tara Shah, Viren's wife
* [[Supriya Pathak]] as Amiben Shah, Hemant's mother
* [[Sanjeev Pandey]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sanjeev Pandey will be seen in Abhishek Bachchan's next The Big Bull |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/090120/sanjeev-pandey-will-be-seen-in-abhishek-bachchans-next-the-big-bull.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201154532/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/television/090120/sanjeev-pandey-will-be-seen-in-abhishek-bachchans-next-the-big-bull.html |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as Mannu Malpani, Chairman of [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]
* [[Samir Soni]] as Sanjeev Kohli
* [[Shishir Sharma]] as Rajesh Mishra, Meera's Boss
* Hitesh Rawal as Kantilal
* Kanan Arunachalam as Venkateshwar
* Rio Kapadia as NCC MD Singh
* Trupti Shankadhar as Ashima
* Abhijit Lahiri as Baldev
* [[Anand Goradia]] as CBI Officer Nikhil
* Pankaj Vishnu as CBI officer Dheeraj
* Rohit Tiwari as CBI officer Rakesh
* Sanjiv Jotangia as Mr. Patel, Priya Patel's Father
* Aarjav Trivedi as Priya Patel's Fiancé
* Vijay Rajoria as Raman
* Akhil Vaid as Vikram Solanki

== Production ==
In 2018, it was reported that [[Ajay Devgn]] will produce the film with [[Abhishek Bachchan]] playing the lead role.<ref name="p1:dna">{{Cite news |date=16 September 2019 |title='The Big Bull': Abhishek Bachchan's film produced by Ajay Devgn goes on floors |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-the-big-bull-abhishek-bachchan-s-film-produced-by-ajay-devgn-goes-on-floors-2790188/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030001248/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-the-big-bull-abhishek-bachchan-s-film-produced-by-ajay-devgn-goes-on-floors-2790188/amp |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> The film is directed by Kookie Gulati and shows the financial crimes and life of [[Harshad Mehta]]. [[Nikita Dutta]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]] were brought in to play supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhishek Bachchan starts filming for Ajay Devgn's production 'The Big Bull' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-bachchan-starts-filming-for-ajay-devgns-production-the-big-bull/articleshow/71155019.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206023241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-bachchan-starts-filming-for-ajay-devgns-production-the-big-bull/articleshow/71155019.cms |archive-date=6 February 2020 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

The shooting commenced on 16 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan starts shooting for The Big Bull, film produced by Ajay Devgn |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/abhishek-bachchan-starts-shooting-for-the-big-bull-film-produced-by-ajay-devgn-7348871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111162644/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/abhishek-bachchan-starts-shooting-for-the-big-bull-film-produced-by-ajay-devgn-7348871.html |archive-date=11 January 2020 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Many shots of the movie has been filmed in [[Gautam Buddha University]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 17, 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan kickstarts The Big Bull, produced by Ajay Devgn. Bollywood says all the best |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/abhishek-bachchan-kickstarts-the-big-bull-produced-by-ajay-devgn-bollywood-says-all-the-best-1600086-2019-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918044548/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/abhishek-bachchan-kickstarts-the-big-bull-produced-by-ajay-devgn-bollywood-says-all-the-best-1600086-2019-09-17 |archive-date=18 September 2019 |access-date=2021-06-30 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Release==
Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the film was released for streaming worldwide from 8 April 2021 on [[Hotstar]].<ref name="release date" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = The Big Bull
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Gourov Dasgupta, Wily Frenzy and Mehul Vyas
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 26 March 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=The Big Bull – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-big-bull/i03B3fCypkU_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416004323/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-big-bull/i03B3fCypkU_ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=26 March 2021 |publisher=[[Jio Saavn]]}}</ref>
| recorded = 2020
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:33
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|sZtiba_O2Kg|The Big Bull - Full Album}}
}}}}

The film's music was composed by Gourov Dasgupta and Mehul Vyas with lyrics written by Kunwar Juneja and Anil Verma. The rap single "Yalgaar" by [[CarryMinati]], with music by Wily Frenzy, served as the theme song.<ref name="CarryMinati">{{Cite news |last=Suri |first=Rishabh |date=2 April 2021 |title=CarryMinati on shooting for MayDay in pandemic: I never imagined I could be a one take artist |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/carryminati-on-shooting-for-mayday-in-pandemic-i-never-imagined-i-could-be-a-one-take-artist-101617368643597.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430172216/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/carryminati-on-shooting-for-mayday-in-pandemic-i-never-imagined-i-could-be-a-one-take-artist-101617368643597.html |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sandeep Shirodkar]] composed the background score.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 15:33
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ishq Namazaa
| extra1 = [[Ankit Tiwari]]
| music1 = Gourov Dasgupta
| lyrics1 = Kunwar Juneja
| length1 = 4:25
| title2 = Yalgaar (The Big Bull)
| extra2 = [[CarryMinati]]
| music2 = Wily Frenzy
| lyrics2 = [[CarryMinati]]
| length2 = 3:15
| title3 = Hawaon Ke Sheher Mein
| extra3 = [[Yasser Desai]]
| music3 = Gourov Dasgupta
| lyrics3 = Kunwar Juneja
| length3 = 4:57
| title4 = Paise Ka Nasha
| extra4 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| music4 = Mehul Vyas
| lyrics4 = Anil Verma
| length4 = 2:56
}}

==Reception==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|11|3.6|9|consensus=|ref=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Big Bull |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_big_bull |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the movie 1.5 out of 5 stars commenting that “the film's problems are rooted in the screenplay, stilted dialogues and arbitrary character arcs.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Big Bull Review: Abhishek Bachchan-Led Cast Struggles In Baffling Blob Of A Movie |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-big-bull-review-abhishek-bachchan-led-cast-struggles-in-baffling-blob-of-a-movie-1-5-stars-2409316 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408150734/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-big-bull-review-abhishek-bachchan-led-cast-struggles-in-baffling-blob-of-a-movie-1-5-stars-2409316 |archive-date=8 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', Rahul Desai called the movie a “rushed portrait of a slow-burned legacy” further adding that “Abhishek Bachchan’s version of Harshad Mehta is far more compelling than the story it defines.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=2021-04-08 |title=Big Bull, On DisneyPlus Hotstar, Is A Rushed Portrait Of A Slow-Burning Legacy |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/the-big-bull-movie-review-disney-hotstar-a-rushed-portrait-of-a-slow-burning-legacy-abhishek-bachchan-harshad-mehta-rahul-desai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408142925/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/the-big-bull-movie-review-disney-hotstar-a-rushed-portrait-of-a-slow-burning-legacy-abhishek-bachchan-harshad-mehta-rahul-desai/ |archive-date=8 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Jyoti Kanyal of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the movie 2.5 out of 5 stars calling it “an interesting watch, which often oscillates between boredom and excitement.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanyal |first=Jyoti |date=8 April 2021 |title=The Big Bull Movie Review. Abhishek Bachchan film adds Bollywood to Harshad Mehta story |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-big-bull-movie-review-abhishek-bachchan-film-adds-bollywood-to-harshad-mehta-story-1788721-2021-04-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408134736/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-big-bull-movie-review-abhishek-bachchan-film-adds-bollywood-to-harshad-mehta-story-1788721-2021-04-08 |archive-date=8 April 2021 |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

Ronak Kotecha of ''[[Times of India]]'' graded the film with 3 out of 5 stars and asked not to let the 'stock of expectations rise too high'. He opined that Abhishek Bachchan 'delivered a decent performance'. In conclusion of review he wrote, "Overall, ''The Big Bull'' is a decent attempt to tell a dramatic story of one of India’s biggest financial scams, orchestrated by a man, who seemed more like a common man than a con man."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak |title=The Big Bull Movie Review: Don't let the stock of your expectations rise too high |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-big-bull/movie-review/81972756.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417230207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-big-bull/movie-review/81972756.cms |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|9614452}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes | the_big_bull }}
* {{Bollywood Hungama title|the-big-bull}}

{{Ajay Devgn}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Big Bull, The}}
[[Category:Cultural depictions of fraudsters]]
[[Category:Films produced by Ajay Devgn]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films]]
[[Category:Devgn Films films]]

Khwaja Sabir

2026-03-15T19:26:27Z

Marinawxb: created new stub from scratch

{{Infobox military person
| name = Khwaja Sabir
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Portrait of Khan Dauran Bahadur Nusrat Jang.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Khan Dauran Bahadur Nusrat Jang, painted by Murad, a painter best known for his illustrations in the [[Padshahnama]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Painting by Murad- "Portrait of Khan Dauran Bahadur Nusrat Jang", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451278 |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref>
| birth_date = 17th century
| death_date = 1645
| birth_place = [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_place =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = [[Mughal Empire]]
| serviceyears = c. 1620 - 1645
| commands = [[Malwa Subah|Mughal Governor of Malwa]]
| battles = Battle of Tons (1624) Siege and conquest of Qandahar [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)]] [[Siege of Parenda (1634)]] [[Siege of Nagpur]] (1637)
| battles_label =
| spouse =
| relations = *Khwaja Hisari [[Naqshbandi]](father)
*Abdullah Khan (father-in-law)
}}

'''Khwaja Sabir''', '''Nasiri Khan''' or '''Khan-i-Dauran''' was an Indian Muslim [[viceroy of the Deccan]] and one of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]]’s leading [[sardar]]s. He received the title "Khan Dauran" during the [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|conquest of Daulatabad]].<ref name= "battle"/> He died in Lahore in 1645 from a knife wound from his own attendant, a Kashmiri Brahmin. He held the rank of 7,000 soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RBt4yePOdMC&q=Khwaja+Hisari+Naqshbandi |title=Journal of Research (humanities). Volumes 6-8 |page=79 |author=Madison |date=1971 |publisher=University of the Punjab }}</ref>

==Career==
According to Athar Ali, Khan-i Dauran was born in India, and as he belonged to the Hindustani Shaikhzadgan group of nobles, he was an Indian Muslim,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.142894/page/n177/mode/2up?q=babi |page=77 |quote= Nasiri Khan, Khan-i-Dauran Birthplace: India, Group: Indian |title= textsThe Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb |date=1968 |author= Athar Ali }}</ref> the son of Khwaja Hisari, a member of the [[Naqshbandi]] order. The real name of Khan Dauran was Khwaja Sabir.<ref name="emperor">{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Stuart Cary |title=The Emperors' Album: Images of Mughal India |date=1987 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-0-87099-499-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDIyr9LRJ0MC&dq=Khwaja+Sabir&pg=PA225 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Jahangir]] made him an officer of high rank and sent him to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]. [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan|Khan Khanan]], the famous poet, finding him a youth of enterprising spirit, strived to give him the necessary training. But finding the work unpleasant, Sabir left [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan|Khan Khanan]] and entered the service of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahis]]. He gained the position of Aide-de-camp through his friend at the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi]] court and received the title of "Shahnawaz Khan". However, he did not remain for long here as well, abhorring his work and resigned.<ref name= "taj">{{cite book |last1=al-Dīn (Akbarābādī.) |first1=Muḣammad Muʻīn |title=The History of the Taj and the Buildings in Its Vicinity |date=1905 |publisher=Moon Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMxAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Khwaja+Sabir&pg=PA102 |language=en}}</ref>

==Service under the Mughals==
[[File:The Surrender of the fort at Udgir to Khan Dawran (October 1636) c.1640 - 1650.jpg|thumb|The Surrender of the fort at Udgir to Khan Dawran (October 1636) c. 1640 - 1650]]
[[File:The Siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633) c. 1635 - 1650.jpg|thumb|The Siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633) c. 1635 - 1650. Nasiri Khan arrives on his grey horse (on the right)]]
[[File:Nasiri Khan leading the Mughal Siege of Kandhar, May 1631. Padshahnama, c. 1635-50.jpg|thumb|Khwaja Sabir "Nasiri Khan" directing the Siege of [[Kandhar Fort]] (Deccan), May 1631: Folio from the Windsor Padshahnama, c.1635-50]]
Returning to [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] territory, he got employment as a personal attendant of [[Shah Jahan|Prince Khurram]], who gave him the title "Nasiri Khan".<ref name="umara">{{cite book |last1=Ram |first1=Kewal |title=Tazkiratul-umara of Kewal Ram: Biographical Account of the Mughal Nobility, 1556-1707 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exMhAAAAMAAJ&q=Khwaja+Sabir |language=en}}</ref> In 1608-1609, Nasiri Khan served as the subedar of the Mughal provinces in the Deccan. He was joined by the [[Mir Bakhshi]], [[Shaikh Farid Bukhari|Shaikh Farid Murtaza Khan]], an Indian Muslim from Delhi, and patronized in such a way that "this servant was protected from transfers and paucity of jagirs and mansabs".<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XQ5DAAAAYAAJ&q=khwaja+sabir+nasiri+khan |title= Proceedings |author=Indian History Congress |date=1999 |quote=In 1608-9, Shaikh Farid however joined the service of Khan-i Dauran Khwaja Sabir Ali Nasiri Khan, the Subadar of the Deccan, who patronized him in such a way that "this servant was protected from transfers and paucity of jagirs and mansabs" }}</ref> He served [[Shah Jahan]] obsequiously, remaining a loyal supporter of the prince during his rebellion against his father, Emperor [[Jahangir]]. In the Battle of Tons in 1624, Khwaja Sabir's father-in-law Abdullah Khan deserted the prince, defecting to [[Malik Ambar]], and Sabir was compelled to follow. After [[Malik Ambar]]'s death, he remained in the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi]] service until the second regnal year of Shah Jahan, when he presented himself at the Mughal court. [[Shah Jahan]] bestowed a [[Mansabdar|mansab]] of 2,000 cavalry upon him.<ref name="umara"/>

He participated in many military campaigns such as the Siege and conquest of [[Kandhar Fort|Qandahar]] and the conquest of [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]], in both of which he distinguished himself. He [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|captured the Daulatabad fortress]] in 1632 and imprisoned the [[Nizam Shahi dynasty|Niazm Shahi]] prince Husain Shah.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=170}}</ref> For his distinguished services during the latter campaign, he was rewarded with the title of "Khan Dauran" and a [[Mansabdar|mansab]] of 5,000.<ref name="umara"/> He then participated in the failed [[Siege of Parenda (1634)]] where he narrowly rescued the siege commander [[Mahabat Khan]] from capture.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ |title=The Cambridge History of India |date=1955 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=193–194 |language=en}}</ref> In 1631, he was appointed [[Malwa Subah|governor of Malwa]]. In 1636, Khan Dauran was dispatched to chastise [[Jhujhar Singh]], the rebellious [[Orchha State|raja of Orchha]] and his son Bikramjit. He sent their heads to court, for which he received the title ''Bahadur''.<ref name="emperor"/><ref name= "taj"/>

===Campaign against the Gonds of Deogarh===
{{Main|Siege of Nagpur}}
In 1637, [[Gonds of Deogarh|Kok Shah]], the [[Gonds of Deogarh|Gond raja of Deogarh]] had defaulted in payment of tribute to the Mughals and had given safe passage to the rebel [[Jhujhar Singh]]. Hence to punish him, Khan Dauran was given permission by [[Shah Jahan]] to invade and demand payment of tribute from Kok Shah. Kok Shah refused and [[Siege of Nagpur|his stronghold of Nagpur was besieged and captured by Khan Dauran]], followed by Kok Shah's surrender and payment of extra tribute.<ref name= "battle">{{cite book |last1=Sane |first1=Hemant |title=BATTLES OF NAGPUR 1817.docx |url=https://www.academia.edu/36442873}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sane |first1=Hemant |title=DEOGARH-NAGPUR GOND DYNASTY.docx |url=https://www.academia.edu/38055455 |archive-date=2023-07-11 |access-date=2022-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711021539/https://www.academia.edu/38055455 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The victorious Khan-i-Dauran returned to the Emperor, with 8 lakhs of rupees levied from the Gond chiefs and others, and was extolled and given the high
title of Nusrat Jang or "Victorious in War”. He also presented 200 elephants to [[Shah Jahan]] which he had brought from [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]] and [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda]]. The presented elephants included "Gajmoti", an elephant taken from the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahis of Golconda]], considered the finest elephant in the Deccan.

==Death and legacy==
In the 13th regnal year of [[Shah Jahan]]'s reign (1641), Khan Dauran was recalled from the Deccan due to political reasons. He then accompanied the emperor to [[Kashmir]] whence he returned to capital of [[Lahore]], from which he prepared to march to the Deccan, pitching his tents outside the city.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_BtAAAAMAAJ&q=Kashmiri+Brahmin+,+whom+he+had+converted+to+Islam+and+enrolled+among+the |page=325 |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan |author=A.R.. Fuller |date=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-562489-2 }}</ref> When Khan Dauran was halted within two miles of the town in the night, he was stabbed in the belly by one of his personal attendants, a Kashmiri youth of the [[Brahmin]] caste, whom he had taken from Kashmir and converted to [[Islam]].<ref name="emperor"/> He was seriously wounded and had no hope of recovering. Hence he divided his property among his sons and he bequeathed the rest to the emperor.<ref name= "taj"/> Shah Jahan ordered for his remains to be buried in the family vault at [[Gwalior]], and gave his sons more than Khan Dauran had willed.

By the time of his death in 1645, he had been promoted to the highest imperial rank ever held by a non-royal person- 7,000 soldiers.<ref name="emperor"/><ref name= "battle"/> He was of a suspicious disposition and used to treat people with great severity. He was unpopular to such an extent that when news of his death reached [[Burhanpur]], the residents rejoiced greatly, whole shops of sweetmeats being distributed.<ref name= "taj"/>

==Tomb==
<gallery>
</gallery>

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=al-Dīn (Akbarābādī.) |first1=Muḣammad Muʻīn |title=The History of the Taj and the Buildings in Its Vicinity |date=1905 |publisher=Moon Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMxAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Khwaja+Sabir&pg=PA102 |language=en}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:17th-century regents]]
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:17th-century births]]
[[Category:1645 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:17th-century nobility]]

Daya Devi Heigrujam

2026-03-04T21:35:02Z

Marinawxb:

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Heigrujam Daya Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Heigrujam|Daya|Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Daya Devi
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Daya Devi Heigrujam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|4|4|df=y}}<ref name=AIFF>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/57451|title=HEIGRUJAM DAYA DEVI|website=AIFF|access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Thoubal]], [[Manipur]], India
| height =
| position = [[Midfielder#Winger|Winger]]<ref name=AIFF/>
| currentclub = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
| clubnumber = 11
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYPHSA]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Manipur Police Sports Club|Manipur Police]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 =
| clubs4 = The Young Welfare
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| years5 = 2023–2024
| clubs5 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| caps5 =
| goals5 =
| years6 = 2024–
| clubs6 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps6 =10
| goals6 =0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U16]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2018
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national under-19 football team|India U19]]
| nationalcaps2 = 3
| nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2019–
| nationalteam3 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 8
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| ntupdate =
}}
'''Daya Devi Heigrujam''' ({{langx|mni|Heigrujam Daya Devi}}, born 4 April 2000) is an Indian professional [[women's association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]] for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] and the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]].<ref name=AFC>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/player/63792|title=DAYA DEVI HEIGRUJAM|website=AFC|access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref><ref name=GSA>{{Cite web|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/daya-devi/288411/|title=Daya Devi Heigrujam|website=Global Sports Archive|access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref> She has also represented [[Sethu FC|Sethu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gokulamkeralafc.com/team/womens-team/|title=Women's Team|website=Gokulam Kerala FC|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127110116/https://www.gokulamkeralafc.com/team/womens-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 2019 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2019]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-womens-football-team-coach-maymol-rocky-calls-up-30-players-for-south-asian-games-2019-camp/article30027100.ece |title=South Asian Games: Maymol Rocky calls up 30 players for preparatory camp |website=Sportstar |date=20 November 2019 }}</ref>

'''Manipur'''
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: [[2019–20 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|2019–20]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-manipur-defeat-railways-to-clinch-senior-womens-national-football-championship-title/339344 |title=Manipur Defeat Railways To Clinch Senior Women's National Football Championship Title |website=Outlook |date=24 April 2019 }}</ref> [[2023–24 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipur champions for the 22nd time in Sr Women's NFC for Rajmata Jijabai Trophy |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/manipur-champions-for-the-22nd-time-in-sr-womens-nfc-for-rajmata-jijabai-trophy |website=AIFF |date=15 May 2024 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/57451?type=club Heigrujam Daya Devi] at All India Football Federation

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daya Devi, Heigrujam}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Women's association football wingers]]
[[Category:KRYPHSA FC players]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC Women players]]
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}
{{India-footy-forward-stub}}
{{India-footy-midfielder-stub}}

Preethiyinda Ramesh

2026-03-03T21:31:49Z

Marinawxb: minor enhance intro to improve readability also and corrected details for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Preethiyinda Ramesh
| image = Preethiyinda Ramesh.jpg
| caption =
| director = Gunakumar
| writer = Gunakumar
| based_on = ''[[You've Got Mail]]'' (1998)
| producer = N. Ravikumar
| starring = [[Ramesh Aravind]] Ramnitu Chaudhary Suma Guha Kiran Srinivas
| music = A. T. Raveesh
| cinematography = A. C. Mahendran
| editing = R. Dorairaj
| studio = Shantha Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|5|14}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Preethiyinda Ramesh''''' ({{translation|With love, Ramesh}}; {{langx|kn|ಪ್ರೀತಿಯಿಂದ ರಮೇಶ್}}) is a [[Kannada films of 2010|2010]] Indian [[Kannada language]] romantic comedy film directed by Gunakumar and produced by N. Ravikumar. The film stars [[Ramesh Aravind]], Ramnitu Chaudhary and Suma Guha in pivotal roles. The story is inspired by the Hollywood film, ''[[You've Got Mail]]'' (1998) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/bypassing-copycats-sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms|title=Bypassing copycats, Sandalwood style|access-date=17 April 2022|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190329083728/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Bypassing-copycats-Sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by [[Nora Ephron]] and starred [[Tom Hanks]] and [[Meg Ryan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2010/May/12/ramesh-aravind-looks-for-love-online-154278.html|title=Ramesh Aravind looks for love online|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=12 May 2010}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Ramesh Aravind]] as Ramesh / Arvind
* Ramanithu Chaudhary as Pari / Preethi
* Suma Guha
* [[Kiran Srinivas]]
* Ranjitha
* Prithviraj
* [[Sadashiva Brahmavar]]

== Soundtrack ==
All the songs are composed and scored by A. T. Raveesh. The track list consists of 5 songs.

{|class="wikitable"
! Sl No !! Song title !! Singer(s) || Lyrics
|-
| 1 || "Horadi" || [[Chaitra H. G.]]|| Shivananjappa Gowda
|-
| 2 || "Computer" || Avinash Chebbi || V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 3 || "Anguli" || A. T. Raveesh, [[Malgudi Subha]] || Vidya Kiran
|-
| 4 || "Nenapina Aleyali" || [[Vijay Prakash]] || [[K. Kalyan]]
|-
| 5 || "Something Something" || [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]] || [[K. Kalyan]]
|-
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 4 out of 5 stars and says "Ramesh Aravind marvels with expressions and dialogue delivery. Ramanitho is brilliant. Kiran and Suma Guha shine. Camera work by A C Mahender and music by A T Ravish are excellent".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/preethiyinda-ramesh/movie-review/5940147.cms|title=PREETHIYINDA RAMESH MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 July 2017}}</ref> BSS from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "A T Raveesh’s compositions and A C Mahendran’s camerawork complement each other. “Preethiyinda Ramesh” fails to wake up viewers jaded by mindless fare".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/69556/preethiyinda-ramesh.html|title=Preethiyinda Ramesh|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=14 May 2010}}</ref> Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana from [[Rediff.com]] scored the film at 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "This being a film about new age love story, the approach could have been more presentable. Cinematography, animation and the special effect bits don't contribute much either. Preeti Inda Ramesh was the name of a hugely popular celebrity chat show hosted by Ramesh for a TV channel. But its namesake film fails to wield the same charm".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/may/14/south-kannada-movie-review.htm|title=You've Got Mail as Preeti Inda Ramesh|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=14 May 2010}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Preethiyinda Ramesh}}
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

{{2010s-Kannada-film-stub}}
{{2010s-romantic-comedy-film-stub}}

Azhagiya Kanne (2023 film)

2026-03-03T02:32:03Z

Marinawxb: Made stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Azhagiya Kanne
| image = Azhagiya Kanne (2023 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = R. Vijayakumar
| writer =
| producer = Xavier Britto
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Leo Sivakumar
*[[Sanchita Shetty]]
}}
| cinematography = Ashok Kumar
| editing = Sanagathamizhan
| music = [[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
| studio = Esthell Entertainers
| distributor = Kannan Ravi Group
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|06|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Azhagiya Kanne''''' ({{translation|Beautiful, dear}}) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language romantic [[drama film]] directed by R. Vijayakumar and starring Leo Sivakumar and [[Sanchita Shetty]] in the lead roles. It was released on 23 June 2023.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*Leo Sivakumar as Inba
*[[Sanchita Shetty]] as Kasthuri
*Andrews
*Amudhavanan
*Sujatha
*[[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]]
*[[Singampuli]]
*[[Namo Narayana]]
*Mullai
*[[Prabhu Solomon]] as himself (guest appearance)
*[[Vijay Sethupathi]] as himself (guest appearance)
* Ravi Venkatraman
}}

==Production==
The film marked the directorial debut of R. Vijayakumar, the brother of director [[Seenu Ramasamy]]. It also marked the first lead role of Leo Sivakumar, the son of pattimandram anchor [[Dindigul I. Leoni]], who had earlier portrayed supporting roles in ''[[Maamanithan (film)|Maamanithan]]'' (2022) and ''[[Kannai Nambathey]]'' (2023).The shoot of the film began in early 2021.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

As a long-term friend and collaborator of Seenu Ramasamy, actor [[Vijay Sethupathi]] shot for a single day to appear in a cameo appearance for the film, portraying himself. He did not take remuneration for his role, and allowed for the shoot to take place at his office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=11 June 2023 |title=Vijay's cameo adds star power to Azhagiya Kanne |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/110623/vijays-cameo-adds-star-power-to-azhagiya-kanne.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630160524/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/110623/vijays-cameo-adds-star-power-to-azhagiya-kanne.html |archive-date=2023-06-30 |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Director [[Prabhu Solomon]] also appeared in his first acting role, and completed his portions in early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2021 |title=Prabhu Solomon turns actor for Azhagiya Kanne |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/feb/23/prabhu-solomon-turns-actor-for-azhagiya-kanne-22989.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630160522/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/feb/23/prabhu-solomon-turns-actor-for-azhagiya-kanne-22989.html |archive-date=2023-06-30 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 23 June 2023 across Tamil Nadu. Reviewing the film, a critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "the film's intentions are good in places, but the writing is weak and lacks surprises or twists".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Azhagiya Kanne Movie Review : Cliched plot and uninspiring ideas let down Azhagiya Kanne |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/azhagiya-kanne/movie-review/101185170.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629060946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/azhagiya-kanne/movie-review/101185170.cms |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-06-30 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Reviewers from newspapers ''[[The Hindu]]'' and ''[[Thinaboomi]]'' also provided the film with middling reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=அழகிய கண்ணே விமர்சனம் |url=http://www.thinaboomi.com/2023/06/27/203193.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630173550/http://www.thinaboomi.com/2023/06/27/203193.html |archive-date=2023-06-30 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=தின பூமி}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=திரை விமர்சனம்: அழகிய கண்ணே |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1025742-azhagiya-kanne-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630160522/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1025742-azhagiya-kanne-review.html |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15289172}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by N. R. Raghunanthan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Geetha Madhuri

2026-02-27T02:27:50Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Indian singer (born 1989)}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Geetha Madhuri
| birth_name = Geetha Madhuri
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|08|24}}
| occupation = Singer, Composer, Dubbing artist
| years_active = 2005–present
| spouse = [[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]]
| birth_place = [[Palakollu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
}}

'''Geetha Madhuri''' is an Indian [[playback singer]] and [[voice artist]]. Madhuri has sung over 2500 songs in several languages including [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]].<ref name="nie" /> She is the recipient of numerous [[Nandi Awards]] and [[Filmfare Awards]].

== Personal life ==
Madhuri was born to Prabhakar Sastry, a [[State Bank of India]] official, and Lakshmi. Madhuri is their only daughter. Her family moved from [[Palakollu]], [[West Godavari District]] to Hyderabad when she was very young.<ref name=":0" />

Madhuri was educated at Loyala Model High School, [[Vanasthalipuram]] and [[Little Flower Junior College]]. She graduated with a [[B Com]] at Aurora College. She was trained in classical and light music by Kocharlakota Padmavati and Ramachari.<ref name="nie">{{Cite web|title=Geetha Ka Geet|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/may/30/geetha-ka-geet-1821638.html|access-date=2020-11-28|website=The New Indian Express|date=31 May 2018 }}</ref> Madhuri made her debut as a playback singer with Kulasekhar's film ''Premalekha Rasa''.<ref name=":0">[http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/geethamadhuri.html Geeta Madhuri interview – Telugu Cinema interview – Telugu film playback singer]. Idlebrain.com. Retrieved on 5 January 2014.</ref>

Madhuri married actor [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] in 2014.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130610182340/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-16/news-interviews/39309554_1_screen-space-100-love-consent Singer Geetha Madhuti to marry Nandu – Times Of India]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (16 May 2013). Retrieved on 5 January 2014.</ref> The couple has a daughter and son.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandu and Geetha Madhuri finally announce parenthood; see picture - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/nandu-and-geetha-madhuri-finally-announce-parenthood-see-picture/articleshow/70712607.cms|access-date=2020-11-28|website=The Times of India|date=17 August 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Song name
!Work
!Result
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008
|[[CineMAA Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Chamka Chamka
|''[[Chirutha]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Ninne Ninne
|''[[Nachavule]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Ninne Ninne
|''[[Nachavule]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2009
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Ninne Ninne
|''[[Nachavule]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
|Magallu Vatti Maayagallu
|''[[Golimaar (film)|Golimaar]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[South Scope|South Scope Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
|Gundello Guitar
|''[[Ek Niranjan]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
|Gundello Guitar
|''[[Ek Niranjan]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Yedhalo Nadhilaga
|''Good Morning''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Melikalu
|''[[Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Vechani Vaisundira
|''[[Gundello Godari]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Top Lechipoddi
|''[[Iddarammayilatho]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|Radio Mirchi Music Awards
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Darlinge
|''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2014
|Gulf Andhra Music Awards
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Darlinge
|''Mirchi''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Jeevanadhi
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Jeevanadhi
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
|Jeeva Nadhi
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Pakka Local
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil
|Jeeva Nadhi
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |2017
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Mahanubhavudu
|''[[Mahanubhavudu]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
|Pakka Local
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Mahanubhavudu
|''[[Mahanubhavudu]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|Zee Apsara Award
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Pakka Local
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|TFN Award
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Pakka Local
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|Sankarabharanam Award
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Pakka Local
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|Zee Apsara Award
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Deo Deo
|''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|Zee Apsara Award
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Mahanubhavudu
|''[[Mahanubhavudu]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|Jai Balayya
|''[[Akhanda]]''
|{{won}}
|}

===Other Awards===
* Swara Saraswathi Award from Andhra Pradesh

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Song !! Film !! Language !! Composer||Co-singers
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|"Dawath"
|''[[Constable (film)|Constable]]''
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
|Subhash Anand
|
|-
|"Idena Idena"
|''[[Nidurinchu Jahapana]]''
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|"Guvva Gootilo"
|[[Swag (film)|''Swag'']]
|[[Vivek Sagar]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Snigdha Sharma
|-
|"Chandamaama Kathalonaa"
|''[[Operation Raavan]]''
|Saravana Vasudevan
|[[Haricharan]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023
|"Chedu Nijam"
|[[Hi Nanna|''Hi Nanna'']]
|Hesham Abdul Wahab
|Vineeth Sreenivasan
|-
|"Neekemo Andamekkuva"
|[[Waltair Veerayya]]
|Devi Sri Prasad
|[[Mika Singh]], [[Velmurugan]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022
|"Coka 2.0"
| rowspan="2" |[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']]
|Tamil
| rowspan="2" |[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]], Lijo George-DJ Chetas
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Miriyala]]
|-
|"Coka 2.0"
| rowspan="8" |Telugu
|-
|"Bongu Bongu"
|''Nuvve Naa Pranam''
|Mani Zenna
|
|-
|"Life Ante Itta Vundaala"
| ''[[F3 (film)|F3]]''
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|[[Rahul Sipligunj]]
|-
|"Na Ooru Peddapuram"
|''Jagannatakam''
|V Kiran Kumara
|
|-
|"Saana Kastam"
|''[[Acharya (2022 film)|Acharya]]''
|[[Mani Sharma]]
|[[L. V. Revanth|Revanth]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|"Vaddaanam"
|''[[Varudu Kaavalenu]]''
|[[Vishal Chandrashekhar]], [[S. Thaman]]
|ML Gayathri, Aditi Bhavaraju, Sruthi Ranjani, [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]]
|-
|"Aracheye O Aayudhamaithe"
|''[[Minnal Murali]] (dubbed version)''
|[[Shaan Rahman]], [[Sushin Shyam]]
|PVLN Murthy
|-
|"Jai Balayya"
|''[[Akhanda]]''
|[[S. Thaman]]
|Sahithi Chaganti, Satya Yamini, Aditi Bhavaraju
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|"Super Machi"
| rowspan="2" |''[[S/O Satyamurthy]] (dubbed version)''
| rowspan="2" |Kannada
| rowspan="2" |[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|Vinayak
|-
|"Pennu Paper"
|Venky, Pavani
|-
|"Pataki Poriyo"
|[[Kotigobba 3|''K3 Kotikokkadu'']]
| rowspan="20" |Telugu
|[[Arjun Janya]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2019 || "Tikka Regina" || ''Sakala Kala Vallabhudu''|| Ajay Patnaik ||
|-
| "Raro Naa Suri" || ''[[Nuvvu Thopu Raa]]''|| Suresh Bobbili ||
|-
| "Mr.KK" || ''[[Kadaram Kondan|Mr. KK]] (dubbed version)''|| Ghibran ||
|-
| "Thakita Thakita" || ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''|| [[S. Thaman]]|| [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|"Andala Kalala"
|''[[Gharana Mogudu]]''
|[[Arjun (singer)|Arjun]]
|
|-
|"Chirugaali Cheppave"
|''[[Gharana Mogudu]]''
|[[Sai Srinivas]]
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |2017 || "Android In Apple Phone" || ''Poraatam''|| Harish-Sathish ||
|-
| "Deo Deo" || ''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]''|| [[Bheems Ceciroleo]]||
|-
| "Akkada Vunnavadu" || ''[[Spyder (film)|Spyder]]''|| [[Harris Jayaraj]]||
|-
| "Mahanubhavudu" || ''[[Mahanubhavudu]]''|| S. Thaman || [[M. M. Manasi]]
|-
| "Box Baddhalai Poye" || ''[[Duvvada Jagannadham|DJ]]''|| Devi Sri Prasad || [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]]
|-
|"Paapi Kondallo"
|''[[Fashion Designer s/o Ladies Tailor]]''
|Mani Sharma
|
|-
|"The Queen of Dhaba"
|''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]''
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|
|-
|"Nadi Dhanakshetram"
|''[[Head Constable Venkataramaiah]]''
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|-
|"Unda Gnapakamunda"
|''Head Constable Venkataramaiah''
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|-
|"Padhamari"
|''[[Paisa Vasool (2017 film)|Paisa Vasool]]''
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|
|-
| rowspan="16" | 2016 || "Pakka Local" || ''[[Janatha Garage]]''|| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|
|-
|"Shivalinga"
|''[[Shivalinga (20117 film)|Shivalinga]]'' (dubbed version)
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Rangu Rakkara"
|''Shivalinga'' (dubbed version)
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Shivalinga"
|''Shivalinga''
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Rangu Rakkara"
|''Shivalinga''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Hypare Hypare"
|''[[Hyper (2016 film)|Hyper]]''
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
|[[Ghibran]]
|
|-
|"Dance Chey Mazaga"
|''[[Devi (2016 film)|Abhinetri]]''
|[[Sajid–Wajid]]
|
|-
|"Hollywood Hero Lekka"
|''[[Speedunnodu]]''
|Sri Vasanth
|
|-
|"Tingo Tingo"
|''[[Dictator (2016 film)|Dictator]]''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Sarrainodu"
|''[[Sarrainodu]]''
|[[S. S. Thaman]]
|[[Hard Kaur]], [[Sonu Kakkar]], [[Brijesh Shandilya]]
|-
|"Door Number"
|''[[Oopiri]]''
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|
|-
|"Door Number"
|''[[Oopiri|Thozha]]''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|
|-
|"Konaseema"
|''[[Tuntari]]''
| rowspan="5" |Telugu
|[[Sai Karthik]]
|
|-
|"Dhimmathirigae"
|''[[Srimanthudu]]''
|Devi Sri Prasad
|
|-
|"Pee Pee Dum Dum"
|''[[Chuttalabbayi]]''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Dhum Dhum"
|''Chuttalabbayi''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2015
|"Jeevanadhi"
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Jeevanadhi"
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]] ''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Jeevanadhi"
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]] (dubbed version)''
|Malayalam
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Ittage Recchipodham"
|''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]''
| rowspan="16" |Telugu
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|
|-
| "Sanivaram Chempaku"
| [[Lava Kusa (2015 film)]]
| Ram Narayan
|
|-
|"One and only Lion"
|''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]''
|Mani Sharma
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|"Pandaga Chesko"
|''[[Pandaga Chesko]]''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Rakkasa Rakkasa"
|''[[Naa Kantu Okaru]]''
|[[Pramod Kumar]]
|
|-
|"Chilipi Cheema"
|''[[Venu Gopala Krishna]]''
|Chaithanya
|
|-
| "Alexander"
|''[[Eduruleni Alexander]]''
| Dr. Josyabatla Sarma
|
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2013 || "Nakallu Chudu" || ''[[Kaalicharan]]''|| Nandan Raj ||
|-
| "Darlingey" || ''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]''|| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]||
|-
|"Top Lesipoddi" || ''[[Iddarammayilatho]]''|| [[Devi Sri Prasad]] ||[[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]]
|-
|"Ninnu Choodukunda" || ''[[Dhenikaina Ready]]''|| [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]] ||
|-
|"Aibaaboi Nee Choopu" || ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]''||Devi Sri Prasad
|
|-
|"Baadshah" || ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]''||SS Thaman||
|-
| "Super Figure" || ''[[Potugadu]]''||[[Achu Rajamani]]
|
|-
|"Yaevaindho" || ''[[Balapu]]''||SS Thaman ||
|-
|"Rara Venu" || ''[[Pavitra (2013 film)|Pavitra]]''||[[M. M. Srilekha]]||
|-
|"Tenekaina Teepi Telusunaa" || ''[[Panchami]]''||[[Sri Kothi]]||
|-
| rowspan="12" |2012
|"Eno Modi"
|''[[Kanasali Jotheyali]]''
|Kannada
|[[Bobby Arey]], [[LN Goochi]]
|
|-
|"Manasu Doche"
|''Dil Se''
| rowspan="3" |Telugu
|[[Bigi Bal]], Anandraj
|
|-
|"O My God"
|''[[Bodyguard (2012 film)|Bodyguard]]''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Dibiri Dibiri"
|''[[Genius (2012 film)|Genius]]''
|[[Joswa Sridhar]]
|Priya Himesh
|-
|"Nanna Hesaru "
|''Kanasali Jotheyali''
|Kannada
|Bobby Arey, LN Goochi
|
|-
|"Ruler" || ''[[Dhammu]]''|| rowspan="5" | Telugu|| MM Keeravani ||
|-
|"Dillaku Dillaku"
|''[[Racha]]''
|[[Mani Sharma]]
|
|-
|"Melikalu"
|''[[Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu]]''
|Mani Sharma
|
|-
|"Jillelamma Jitta"
|''[[Ryee Ryee]]''
|[[Sri Vasanth]]
|
|-
|"Bad Boyz"
|''[[Businessman (film)|Businessman]]''
|S. Thaman
|Priya Himesh
|-
|"Bad Boyz"
|''[[Businessman (film)|Businessman]] (Malayalam dubbed)''
|Malayalam
|S. Thaman
|
|-
|"Zara Zara"
|''[[Sudigadu]]''
| rowspan="39" |Telugu
|[[Sree Vasanth]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2011
|"Chiranjeeva"
|''[[Badrinath (film)|Badrinath]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Paravaledhu"
|''[[Manasara (2016 film)|Manasara]]''
|[[Shekar Chandra]]
|
|-
|"Ettantee Mogudu"
|''[[Mogudu (film)|Mogudu]]''
|[[Babu Shankar]]
|
|-
|"Manasuloni"
|''[[Yuvan Yuvathi]] dubbed version (Dear)''
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|
|-
|"Love me Love me"
|''[[Mayagadu]]''
|Chakri
|
|-
| rowspan="19" |2010
|"Now Or Ever"
|''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Raja Raja Ravi Teja" || ''[[Don Seenu]]''||[[Mani Sharma]]||
|-
|"Endukamma Prema Prema"
|''[[Gaayam 2]]''
|[[Illayaraja]]
|
|-
|"Bava Bava"
|''[[Shambo Shiva Shambo]]''
|[[Sundar C. Babu]]
|
|-
|"Nee Akunene"
|''[[Brammagadi Katha]]''
|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|
|-
|"Telugammayi"
|''[[Maryada Ramanna]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Chinnadh Vaipu"
|''[[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]]''
|SS Thaman
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|"Raaye Raaye"
|''[[Maryada Ramanna]]''
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|-
|'"Innalloo"
|''[[Ala Modalaindi]]''
|[[Kalyani Malik]]
|
|-
|"Dayi Dayi Chandari"
|''[[Anjani Puthrudu]]''
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|-
|"Sri Anjaneyam"
|''[[Anjani Puthrudu]]''
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|-
|"Ne Lookkeste Luckele"
|''[[Panchakshari]]''
|Chinna
|
|-
|"Maenti Mahalakshmi"
|''[[Betting Bangaraju]]''
|[[Sekhar Chandra]]
|
|-
|"Magallu"
|''[[Golimaar (film)|Golimar]]''
|Chakri
|
|-
|"Konte Choopulu"
|''[[Shambo Shiva Shambo]]''
|[[Pradeep Koneru]]
|
|-
|"Nagara Nagara"
|''[[Baava]]''
|Chakri
|
|-
|"Laali Paaduthunnadi"
|''[[Jhummandi Naadam]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Ottedhunane Chuttedhuna"
|''[[Srimannarayana]]''
|Chakri
|
|-
|"Endukila"
|''[[Rama Rama Krishna Krishna]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2009
|"Dheera Dheera"
|''[[Magadheera]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Jorse Jorse"
|''[[Magadheera]]''
|[[MM Keeravani]]
|
|-
|"Ike Repe Pelli"
|''[[Rowdigari Pellam]]''
|Arjun
|
|-
|"Na Kosam"
|''[[Magadheera]]''
|MM Keeravani
|Deepu
|-
|"Bholo Ashta lakshmi"
|''[[Ragada]]''
|SS Thaman
|
|-
|"Gundello"
|''[[Ek Niranjan]]''
|Mani Sharma
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2008
|"Sri Sri Sri Rajadhi Raja"
|''[[Pandurangadu]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Idhi Adhe"
|''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Puduthuney Uyyala""
|''[[Neninte]]''
|Chakri
|
|-
|"Telusa Manasa"
|''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Nee Nuduti"
|''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Illa Endukoutondi"
|''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|"Ninne Ninne"
|''[[Nachavale]]''
|[[Sekhar Chandra]]
|
|-
|"Aaja Mehabooba"
|''[[Krishnarjuna]]''
|MM Keeravani
|
|-
|2007
|"Chamka Chamka"
|''[[Chirutha]]''
|Mani Sharma
|
|-
|}

=== Devotional songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Album !! Language
|-
|"Govinda Namalu" || ''[[Govinda Namalu]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Kotimanmathakaara" || ''[[Sarvam Bhaktimayam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Madhuram Sri Shirdi Sai" || ''[[Sri Shirdi Sai]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Naadho Needho" || ''[[Sri Shirdi Sai]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Muddula Ayyappa" || ''Ayyappa'' || Telugu
|-
|"Swamy Sri Subramanya" || ''[[Sarvam Bhaktimayam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Mamatalanni " || ''[[Sarvam Bhaktimayam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Kailasagirisa Eesha " || ''[[Sarvam Bhaktimayam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Tandari Nimpamu" || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Aparanze Kante ne prema" || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Sthuthiyu Mahima " || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Yesuni Namamulo" || ''Feeling'' || Telugu
|-
|"Idhi Subhodayam" || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Inyellu Ilalo" || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Thygamantha chesavu dev" || ''TCG'' || Telugu
|-
|"Adivo Alladhivo" || ''[[Annamayya Vinnapalu]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Sai Baba Harthi" || ''[[Baba Harthi]]'' || Telugu
|}

=== Independent songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Song !! Album !! Language
|-
|"Cinema Chance"
|''Pen''
|Telugu
|-
|"Ninnu Kori" || ''Amogha'' || Telugu
|-
|"DJ" || ''DJ'' || Telugu
|-
|"Sankaranthi Special song" || ''[[Sankaranthi Sambaralu]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Chaitra Sudha" || ''[[Ugadhi Special]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Baahuballi Lantodu" || ''[[Fans Special]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Na Suruku saruku" || ''Hostel'' || Telugu
|-
|"Sirimallipovva" || ''[[Jhanki Trubute]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Ugadi Song" || ''[[Ugadi Song]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Vache Vache Ugadi" || ''[[Ugadi Special]]'' || Telugu
|-
|"Rukmini"
| -
|Telugu
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3559572}}
*{{Twitter|geethasinger}}
*{{Instagram|singergeethamadhuri}}
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhuri, Geeta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:People from Palakollu]]
[[Category:Indian folk-pop singers]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:CineMAA Awards winners]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Henry St. George Murray McRae

2026-02-18T14:00:46Z

Marinawxb: created first details v1

{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Henry St. George Murray McRae
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date =10 November 1878
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], British India
| disappeared_date =
| disappeared_place =
| death_date = 28 December 1962
| death_place = England
| death_cause =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom|23px}}
| branch = {{army|British India|name=Indian Army|23px}}
| branch_label = 
| serviceyears =
| serviceyears_label =
| rank = [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-colonel]]
| rank_label =
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| known_for =
| battles = [[First World War]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Distinguished Service Order]] (1916)
| memorials =
| alma_mater =
| spouse = 
| children =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| module =
}}
[[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-colonel]] '''Henry St. George Murray McRae''' (10 November 1878 - 28 December 1962) was a [[British Indian Army|British Indian Army officer]] with the [[45th Rattray's Sikhs]] and officer in charge of [[martial law]] in [[Kasur]] in 1919.

==Early life and career==
Henry McRae was born in [[Lahore Cantonment|Meean Meer]], [[Lahore]], on 10 November 1878.<ref name=IWM>{{cite web |title=Lives of the First World War |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/5190957 |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk |publisher=Imperial War Museum}}</ref><ref name=AWM>{{cite web |title=Lieutenant-Colonel Henry St George Murray McRae |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P11033277 |website=www.awm.gov.au |access-date=2 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> He began his military career in 1898 as a Second Lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion of the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]], later transferring to the Indian Army as a Lieutenant in the 1st Battalion of the [[15th Ludhiana Sikhs|15th Punjab Regiment]].<ref name=IWM/> In 1901, he joined the [[14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs|14th Sikhs]], and by 1915, he was serving with the [[45th Rattray's Sikhs]].<ref name=IWM/>

In April 1919, during the Punjab disturbances, McRae was put in charge of [[martial law]] in [[Kasur]].<ref name=Hans1922>{{cite web |title=British officers at Kasur (Hansard, 24 May 1922) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1922/may/24/british-officers-at-kasur |website=api.parliament.uk |access-date=2 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902102138/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1922/may/24/british-officers-at-kasur |archive-date=2 September 2025 |date=24 May 1922}}</ref><ref name=Lloyd2011>{{cite book |last1=Lloyd |first1=Nick |title=The Amritsar Massacre: The Untold Story of One Fateful Day |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85773-077-0 |pages=225–230 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7J6LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP224|language=en |chapter=14. Fancy punishments and erratic acts}}</ref><ref name=Lloyd2010>{{cite journal |last1=Lloyd |first1=Nick |title=Sir Michael O'Dwyer and ‘Imperial Terrorism’ in the Punjab, 1919 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |date=1 December 2010 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=363–380 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2010.520648 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856401.2010.520648 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=Naidis1951>{{cite book |last1=Naidis |first1=Mark |title=The Punjab Disturbances of 1919: A Study in Indian Nationalism |date=1951 |publisher=Stanford University |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLMUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=RCAGI1920>{{cite book |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|chapter=Oral evidence; Lt-Col. H. St. G. M. Mcrae |pages=225–235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wek2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA225 |language=en}}</ref>

==Honours and awards==
In 1916 McRae received the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref name=AWM2>{{cite web |title=Henry St George Murray McRae (DSO) |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1593254 |website=www.awm.gov.au |publisher=Australian War Museum|access-date=2 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The following year he was [[mentioned in dispatches]].<ref name=AWM3>{{cite web |title=Henry St George Murray McRae |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1594108 |website=www.awm.gov.au |publisher=Australian War Museum |access-date=2 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Death==
McRae died in England on 28 December 1962.<ref name=IWM/>

==Selected publications==
*{{cite book |title=Regimental History of the 45th Rattray's Sikhs|date=1933 |publisher=Glasgow |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Regimental_History_of_the_45th_Rattray_s/B0I3MwEACAAJ?hl=en |language=en}}

==See also==
*[[45th Battalion (Australia)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}

Sharanya Shetty

2026-02-06T06:08:00Z

Marinawxb: starting a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sharanya Shetty
| image = Sharanya_Shetty.jpg
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|05|11}}
| birth_place = [[Shivamogga, Karnataka]], India
| education = Engineering Graduate
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| yearsactive = 2019{{endash}}present
| party =
}}

'''Sharanya Shetty''' is an Indian actress, who has appeared in [[Kannada-language films]] and advertisements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharanya Shetty: ಅಬ್ಬಬ್ಬಾ! ಶರಣ್ಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಲುಕ್ ನೋಡಿ ಕ್ರೇಜಿಯಾಗ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಫ್ಯಾನ್ಸ್ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/sharanya-shetty-photos-in-instagram-wins-heart-dvp-1489851-page-2.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=kannada.news18.com |language=kn |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213103022/https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/sharanya-shetty-photos-in-instagram-wins-heart-dvp-1489851-page-2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sharanya is known for her role in the ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=Sharanya Shetty joins the cast of Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharanya-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-krishnam-pranya-sakhi/articleshow/101507425.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214043939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharanya-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-krishnam-pranya-sakhi/articleshow/101507425.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sharanya was born in Shivamogga, Karnataka, and grew up in Bangalore. She completed her engineering studies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-21 |title=Actress Sharanya Shetty graduates in engineering |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-sharanya-shetty-graduates-in-engineering/articleshow/87181807.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214022724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-sharanya-shetty-graduates-in-engineering/articleshow/87181807.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Although her parents wanted her to become a doctor or an engineer, Sharanya always had a passion for acting, which she pursued successfully.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From 1980 To Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi, Sharanya Shetty's Rise In Kannada Cinema |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/from-1980-to-krishnam-pranaya-sakhi-sharanya-shettys-rise-in-kannada-cinema-9037738.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sharanya started her career as a model participating in Miss South India 2018 where she even made it to the finalist and she won the tag of Miss Social Media India 2018 and Miss Beautiful Smile 2018 in the contest. Sharanya also represented Karnataka in Miss Queen of India 2019 and won the title Miss South India in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-08 |title=From Dileep Shetty to Sharanya Shetty: Kannada TV actors who won pageants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/from-dileep-shetty-to-sharanya-shetty-kannada-tv-actors-who-won-pageants/photostory/79109057.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213221957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/from-dileep-shetty-to-sharanya-shetty-kannada-tv-actors-who-won-pageants/photostory/79109057.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

She gained fame through the television serial ''[[Gattimela]]'', where she was recognized for her portrayal of Sahitya, a negative lead character.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-01 |title=There is a lot of difference between how an experienced actor and a newbie like me is treated: Gattimela actress Sharanya Shetty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/there-is-a-lot-of-difference-between-how-an-experienced-actor-and-a-newbie-like-me-is-treated-gattimela-actress-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/74937314.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213113643/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/there-is-a-lot-of-difference-between-how-an-experienced-actor-and-a-newbie-like-me-is-treated-gattimela-actress-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/74937314.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, she ventured into films and won the SIIMA Best Debutant Actress<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-17 |title=Exclusive! Sharanya Shetty on winning her first silver screen award, says " It was a blessed moment for me" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/exclusive-sharanya-shetty-on-winning-her-first-silver-screen-award-says-it-was-a-blessed-moment-for-me/articleshow/94916228.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213125541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/exclusive-sharanya-shetty-on-winning-her-first-silver-screen-award-says-it-was-a-blessed-moment-for-me/articleshow/94916228.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> award in 2021 for her performance in the movie ''1980'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotagunasi |first=Manjunath B. |title=SIIMA Awards 2022: ಪ್ಯಾನ್‌ ಇಂಡಿಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳ ಮಿಂಚು; ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊದಲ ಸಲ 'ಸೈಮಾ ಅವಾರ್ಡ್ಸ್ 2022' |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/siima-is-back-with-its-10th-edition-this-time-siima-awards-is-organized-in-bangalore-181660989156998.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Kannada Hindustan Times |language=kn |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213123809/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/amp/entertainment/siima-is-back-with-its-10th-edition-this-time-siima-awards-is-organized-in-bangalore-181660989156998.html |url-status=live }}</ref> acting alongside [[Priyanka Upendra]]. In 2021, she appeared in ''[[Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu]]'' with [[Diganth]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-03 |title=Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu: Film's teaser to release on March 5th |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-films-teaser-to-release-on-march-5th/articleshow/81306462.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213124542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-films-teaser-to-release-on-march-5th/articleshow/81306462.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-09 |title=It is a challenge to pursue a career that is filled with uncertainty: Sharanya Shetty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/it-is-a-challenge-to-pursue-a-career-that-is-filled-with-uncertainty-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/101596992.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213140729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/it-is-a-challenge-to-pursue-a-career-that-is-filled-with-uncertainty-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/101596992.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Her subsequent projects include the 2023 film ''[[Spooky College]]'' and the 2024 release ''[[Naguvina Hoogala Mele]]'', directed by Venkat Bharadwaj. In the same year, she featured in ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=Sharanya Shetty joins the cast of Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharanya-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-krishnam-pranya-sakhi/articleshow/101507425.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214043939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sharanya-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-krishnam-pranya-sakhi/articleshow/101507425.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> alongside [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]. Her upcoming project is the film ''Forest''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2024-12-04 |title=Multistarrer Forest sets January 2025 release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Dec/04/multistarrer-forest-sets-january-2025-release-date |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221210651/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Dec/04/multistarrer-forest-sets-january-2025-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-19 |title=Shopping is the perfect cure for monsoon blues, says Sharanya Shetty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shopping-is-the-perfect-cure-for-monsoon-blues-says-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/111834325.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213150754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shopping-is-the-perfect-cure-for-monsoon-blues-says-sharanya-shetty/articleshow/111834325.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''Note: all films are in Kannada, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Roles
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu]]''
|
|
|-
|''1980 ''
| Sanvi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=From 1980 To Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi, Sharanya Shetty's Rise In Kannada Cinema |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/from-1980-to-krishnam-pranaya-sakhi-sharanya-shettys-rise-in-kannada-cinema-9037738.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
| ''[[Spooky College]]''
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2024
|''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''
|Jhanvi
|
|-
| ''[[Naguvina Hoogala Mele]]''
|Dr. Tanu
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Forest (2025 film)|Forest]]''
|Sandhya
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm12556995}}
*{{Instagram|iamsharanyashetty}}

[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Rameshwar Neekhra

2026-01-26T14:23:29Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rameshwar Neekhra
| birth_name =
| caption = Rameshwar Neekhra in 2001
| image = Rameshwar Neekhra in 2001.png
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1946|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Paloha, Gadarwara Tehsil, [[Narsinghpur district]], [[British India]] (now [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term = 1980-1989
| predecessor = [[Hari Vishnu Kamath]]
| successor = [[Sartaj Singh (politician)|Sartaj Singh]]
| constituency = [[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| religion =
| otherparty =
| spouse = Rama Devi Neekhra
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = http://164.100.60.131/loksabha1/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2814.htm
}}
'''Rameshwar Neekhra''' also spelt '''Nikhra''' is an Indian politician. Neekhra is a cousin of veteran Bollywood actor [[Ashutosh Rana]]. He is a Law graduate. He was elected to the Lower House of Parliament the [[Lok Sabha]] 7th and 8th Lok Sabha two consecutive terms from [[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was [[President (corporate title)|Chairman]] of [http://www.sbcofmp.org.in Madhya Pradesh State Bar Council] for over a decade.
National Vice-President of [[Seva Dal]] from 1987 to 1989, President of [[Madhya Pradesh Youth Congress]] 1985–1987, University President of Student Union at [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University|Dr Hari Singh Gour University]] 1968-1970 Founder member of Shikshak Congress and Currently Senior Vice-President of Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdJfTpBAT5sC|accessdate=7 April 2019|year=1989|publisher=Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|page=39}}</ref><ref name="Secretariat1980">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha. Secretariat|title=Committees and Other Bodies on which Lok Sabha is Represented Wholly Or Partially|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KW2AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=7 April 2019|year=1980|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Lok Sabha Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFNPAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 April 2019|year=1989|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|page=103}}</ref>
[[File:Rameshwar Nikhra with Narayan Prasad Shukla.jpg|left|thumb|रमेश्वर निखरा एक सार्वजनिक कार्यक्रम के दौरान तत्कालीन गृह मंत्री [[Narayan Prasad Shukla|नारायण प्रसाद शुक्ल]], मध्य प्रदेश के तत्कालीन मुख्यमंत्री [[Shyama Charan Shukla|श्यामा चरण शुक्ल]] तथा [[Mahesh Joshi (Madhya Pradesh politician)|महेश जोशी]] के साथ।]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://164.100.60.131/loksabha1/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2814.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neekhra, Rameshwar}}
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

Mysore Medical College and Research Institute

2026-01-25T12:16:14Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Medical college in Mysore, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox university|
| name = Mysore Medical College & Research Institute
| image_name = Mysore Medical College logo.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| type = Government [[Medical]] [[College]] and [[Hospital]]
| established = {{start date and age|1924}}
| dean = Dr. Dakshayini K. R.
| campus =
| city = [[Mysore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| founder = [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]]
| coor = {{coord|12|18|57.1|N|76|38|58.5|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| undergrad = 250 per annum
| postgrad = 127 per annum
| staff =
| affiliations = [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]]
| website = {{url|https://mmcri.karnataka.gov.in/english}}
| logo =
}}
[[File:Government Medical College, Mysore.jpg|thumb|right|Mysore Medical College & Research Institute]]
'''Mysore Medical College and Research Institute''' (previously called '''Mysore Medical College''', abbreviated '''MMC'''), also known as '''Government Medical College, Mysuru''' is one of the oldest medical colleges in [[India]]. It is located in the heart of the city of [[Mysuru]] adjacent to the [[Mysuru Junction railway station|Mysuru city railway station]]. Founded in 1924<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-18 |title=Mysore Medical College Mysore 2022-23: Admission, Course |url=https://www.edufever.com/mmc-mysore/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.edufever.com |language=en-US}}</ref> by Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]], it is the first medical college to be established in the [[Karnataka]] region and the seventh in [[India]]. The college is affiliated to the [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]], [[Bengaluru]].

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]] founded Mysore Medical College. Since there were no medical institutions in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Mysore]], a scheme for giving medical education was started in 1881 under which carefully the selected students were given scholarship and sent to places like Madras and Bombay to undergo training and to return and work as "Hospital Assistants".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mymathews |url=http://www.mymathews.com/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.mymathews.com |language=en}}</ref>

After the [[Madras Presidency]] expressed its inability to admit Mysore State students, the Government of Mysore sanctioned another scheme in April 1917 including a "Mysore Medical School", which was started at Bangalore to train the then called "Sub Assistant Surgeons". Trainees had to undergo a course for 4 years to qualify as a Licensed Medical Practitioner (LMP). In 1924 the "Mysore Medical School" was upgraded and was now called the "Mysore Medical College". The college was affiliated to the [[University of Mysore]] and the trainees were now granted medical degrees. Mysore Medical College was the first medical college in the state of Mysore and only the seventh in India at this time. At the request and insistence of Sri Krishnadevaraja Wodiyar the college was shifted from Bangalore to Mysore in 1930.

The foundation stone was laid in 1930 by Sri Krishnadevaraja Wodiyar and the main building was constructed by Boraiah Basavaiah & Sons, a famous contractor of Mysore. It was further expanded in 1940.

The [[Krishnarajendra Hospital]] (K R Hospital) was constructed at a cost of Rs. 3,65,000/- and started as a 100 bedded hospital with X-ray apparatus. It is attached to the Mysore Medical College.

The Mysore Medical School continued functioning in Bangalore for a few years and was eventually shut down two years after [[Bangalore Medical College]] came into existence in 1954.

[[Cheluvamba hospital]], earlier known as Vanivilas Hospital, was built in 1880 with 24 beds, and was upgraded to a 200-bed hospital in 1939. It was further expanded in 1954 and the new OPD Block of OBG was built in 1997. New facilities have been continuously added onto the existing infrastructure, but the most impressive of all is the new multistoried OPD building with its ultra-modern air-conditioned ICCU which along with the medical wards on upper floors was added onto the K R Hospital complex in 1998. Other relatively new structures include a [[blood bank]] and a burns ward. It is attached to the Mysore Medical College.

==Admissions==

===Undergraduate===
The total intake is 250 for MBBS course. The seat is filled through the [[Common Entrance Test|National Eligibility cum Entrance Test]] conducted by the [[National Testing Agency]], [[Government of India]].

===Postgraduate===
It has intake of 127 seats for PG courses in which 50% is by All India Quota.<ref name="Mysore Citizen Charter">{{cite web|title=Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore Citizen Charter|url=http://mmcrimysore.org.in/Citizen%20Charter%20in%20English.pdf|access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mysore Medical College & Research Institute}}
* {{official}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mysore Medical College and Research Institute}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mysore]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1924]]
[[Category:1924 establishments in India]]

Yarenjungla Longkumer

2026-01-16T08:02:49Z

Marinawxb: starting post

{{Short description|Gauhati High Court judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox judge
| image = Yarenjungla_Longkumer.jpg
| birth_date = {{dts|format=dmy|1968|01|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]].
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| office = Additional Judge of the [[Gauhati High Court]]
| nominator = [[D. Y. Chandrachud]]
| term_start = 17 February 2025
| term_end =
}}

'''Yarenjungla Longkumer''' is the first [[Naga people|Naga]] woman to be elevated as a high court judge from [[Nagaland]]. She follows [[Golmei Gaiphulshillu Kabui]], a former judicial officer who became the first Naga woman judge of the [[Manipur High Court]] from [[Manipur]]'s tribal communities in 2023.

==Early life==
Yarenjungla Longkumer was born on 15 January 1968 at [[Kohima]]. She completed her matriculation studies in 1983 from Little Flower School in the town. Thereafter, she obtained her BA (hons.) from [[Lady Shri Ram College]] in [[New Delhi]] in 1988. She completed her [[LLB]] from [[Campus Law Center]] under [[Delhi University]] in 1992 and enrolled in the [[Bar Council of Assam|Bar Council of Northeast India]] in November 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live Law News Network |first= |date=18 February 2025 |title=Union Govt Notifies Appointment Of Justice Yarenjungla Longkumer As Additional Judge Of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/gauhati-high-court/gauhati-high-court-on-february-17-justice-yarenjungla-longkumer-assumed-charge-office-additional-judge-284207 |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=[[Live Law]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
===Judicial officer===
Longkumer was the top-ranked candidate recruited to Grade-I of the higher judiciary through an examination conducted by the Gauhati High Court in 2013. As a judicial officer she worked at the District and Session Court in [[Dimapur]] and [[Kohima]], courts with highest case pendency. She served as the Registrar of the Kohima Bench of the [[Gauhati High Court]] and later appointed as the Secretary (Judicial) in the Law and Department of the [[Government of Nagaland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagaland Tribune News |date=13 February 2025 |title=Nagaland Judges’ Association congratulates Yarengjungla Longkumer |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/nagaland-judges-association-congratulates-yarengjungla-longkumer/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Gauhati High Court judge ===
In May 2023, the Gauhati High Court collegium recommended her appointment as a high court judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Thereafter, in January 2024, the members of its collegium, then consisting of Justices [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]], [[Sanjiv Khanna]], and [[Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai]], recommended her elevation to the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morung Express News |date=12 February 2025 |title=Yarenjungla Longkumer becomes first woman HC Judge from Nagaland |url=https://morungexpress.com/yarenjungla-longkumer-becomes-first-woman-hc-judge-from-nagaland |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]] |pages=1}}</ref> She was appointed as an additional judge of the Gauhati High Court on 17 February 2025 by the [[President of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-12 |title=Judicial officer Yarenjungla Longkumer appointed judge of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/judicial-officer-yarenjungla-longkumer-appointed-judge-of-gauhati-high-court |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Bar and Bench |language=en}}</ref> Her appointment remains for two years from the day she assumes the office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sucheta |date=13 February 2025 |title=President appoints Yarenjungla Longkumer, Judicial Officer as Judge of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2025/02/13/yarenjungla-longkumer-judicial-officer-appointment-judge-gauhati-hc-legal-news/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref> She is stationed at the Kohima Bench of the high court since then.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Station judges of the Kohima Bench |url=https://kohimahighcourt.gov.in/portfoliojudges.php |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=kohimahighcourt.gov.in |archive-date=22 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422185139/https://kohimahighcourt.gov.in/portfoliojudges.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Longkumer, Yarenjungla}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:People from Kohima]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]

King Solomon (stunt coordinator)

2026-01-10T19:16:56Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Indian stunt director and action choreographer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = King Solomon
| image = King Solomon at the 69th National Film Awards.jpg
| caption = Solomon in 2023
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chirala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| othername = Solomon Raju
| yearsactive = 2011–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Stunt director, Action choreographer, stunt performer}}
| spouse =
}}

'''King Solomon''', also known as '''Solomon Raju''', is an Indian stunt coordinator, [[action choreographer]] and [[stunt performer]] who primarily works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=SS Rajamouli, Jr NTR and Ram Charan's RRR hits a 'sixer' at 69th National Film Awards: 'Congratulations to the entire team' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamouli-jr-ntr-and-ram-charans-rrr-hit-a-sixer-at-69th-national-film-awards-congratulations-to-the-entire-team-8907926/ |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-01 |title=Tollywood celebrates Cine workers day (May Day) in a grand manner in Hyderabad…! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywood-celebrates-cine-workers-day-may-day-in-a-grand-manner-in-hyderabad/articleshow/99912062.cms |access-date=2024-08-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is best known for his action sequences in the films such as ''[[Eega]]'' (2012), [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'' duology]] (2015–2017), ''[[RRR]]'' (2022) and ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' (2024). He has won two [[National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-08-25 |title=69th National Film Awards: Telugu film industry wins big |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Aug/25/69th-national-film-awards-telugu-film-industry-wins-big-46969.html |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Solomon was born in [[Chirala]], India in a [[Telugu Christians|Telugu Christian]] family. He moved to [[Hyderabad]] to pursue a career in the film industry. Initially, he worked in several Telugu films as stunt performer and later as assistant, before having a breakthrough with ''[[Rajanna]]'' (2011). He has choreographed the action sequences in the climax scenes of the film. Later, he debuted as the lead stunt coordinator in [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s ''[[Eega]]'' (2012). Since then he worked as the stunt coordinator and action director in every film of S. S. Rajamouli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=RRR: Fighters get trained for 150 days |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/rrr-fighters-get-trained-for-150-days |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Telugu Cinema |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Rajanna]]'' || rowspan="9" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|2012
| ''[[Eega]]'' ||Debut as lead stunt coordinator
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
|[[Asura (2015 film)|''Asura'']]
|
|-
| ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''||
|-
| [[Rudhramadevi (film)|''Rudhramadevi'']]||
|-
| ''Columbus''||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|''[[Nenorakam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''||
|-
| ''[[Yuddham Sharanam]]''||
|-
|2019
| [[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|''Kurukshetra'']] || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
|2021
| ''Crime Factory'' || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
|2022
| ''[[RRR]]'' || rowspan="6" |Telugu
|-
|2023|| ''[[Shaakuntalam]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Devara: Part 1]]''||
|-
|2026
|[[The RajaSaab|''The RajaSaab'']]
|
|-
|2027
|{{Pending film|[[Varanasi (2027 film)|Varanasi]]}}
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Award
!Year
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[National Film Awards]]
|2018
| rowspan="2" |[[National Film Award for Best Stunt Choreography|Best Stunt Choreography]]
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''{{Efn|along with Lee Wittaker and Kaecha Kampakdee}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite press release |title=65th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |page=21 |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf |access-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[RRR]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun, RRR, Gangubai Kathiawadi win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Vulture (website)|''Vulture'' Stunt Awards]]
| rowspan="5" |2023
|Best Stunt in an Action Film
|''[[RRR]]'' (The Bridge Scene)
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Streussnig |first=Bilge Ebiri, Brandon |date=2023-03-06 |title=The Stunt Awards |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/03/vulture-stunt-awards-best-action-scenes-of-2023.html |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Vulture |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Fight
|''[[RRR]]'' (Ram's Intro)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Shootout
|''[[RRR]]'' (The Piggyback Dual Wielding)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Practical Explosion
|''[[RRR]]'' (The Bridge Scene Tanker Explosion)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Achievement in Stunts Overall
|''[[RRR]]''
|{{nom}}
|}

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=7448574|name=King Solomon}}
{{National Film Award Best Stunt Choreography}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solomon, King}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian action choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian stunt performers]]
[[Category:Best Stunt Choreography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Prakasam district]]
[[Category:People from Bapatla district]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Attarintlo Akka Chellelu

2025-12-29T22:42:03Z

Marinawxb: Made new post!

{{short description|Telugu drama series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name =
| image = Akka Chellelu TV series.jpg
| genre = [[Soap opera]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer =
| director = Ravindar Reddy
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 609
| producer = Seethakanth
| cinematography =
| editor =
| related = ''[[Rettai Roja]]''
| network = [[Zee Telugu]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|03|25|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|05|29|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Attarintlo Akka Chellellu''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language]] [[soap opera]] that aired on [[Zee Telugu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/akka-chellellu-all-set-for-its-premiere-today/articleshow/68557875.cms|title='Akka Chellellu' all set for its premiere today|website=The Times of India}}</ref> It starred Chaitra Rai in a dual role with Madhubabu and Akarsh. On 2021, Chaitra Rai's Dharani and Sravani roles was replaced by [[Bhoomi Shetty]] and Navya Rao respectively. The series premiered on 25 March 2019 and concluded on 29 May 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee-telugus-launches-new-fiction-show-akka-chellellu-95524.html|title=Zee Telugu's launches new fiction show 'Akka Chellellu'|website=Exchange4media}}</ref> It was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Rettai Roja]]'' on [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/america-ammayis-seethakanth-to-produce-attarintlo-akka-chellellu/articleshow/68358849.cms|title=America Ammayi's Seethakanth to produce Attarintlo Akka Chellellu|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
It revolving around twin sisters Sravani and Dharani. Sravani hates Dharani and dreams to be the queen of her world, while Dharani strives to protect her family from evil.

==Cast==
* Chaitra Rai (2019–2020) in a dual role as Sravani and Dharani (Twin sisters)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/chaitra-rai-to-quit-attarintlo-akka-chellellu/articleshow/79987513.cms|title=Chaitra Rai to quit Attarintlo Akka Chellellu|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
** [[Bhoomi Shetty]] replaced Chaitra Rai in the role of Dharani (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bhoomi-shetty-to-replace-chaitra-rai-in-attarintlo-akka-chellellu/articleshow/80028116.cms|title=Bhoomi Shetty to replace Chaitra Rai in Attarintlo Akka Chellellu|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
** Navya Rao replaced Chaitra Rai in the role of Sravani as face transplantation
* Madhubabu in a dual role as Vikram and Surya Pratap Varma
* Akarsh byramudi as Aditya aka Nani

==Remake==
Now, this series concept is in the [[Tamil language]] as [[Rettai Roja]], which airing on [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/twin-drama-comes-to-life-with-zee-tamils-new-fiction-launch-rettai-roja-2227697.html|title=Twin-drama comes to life with Zee Tamil's new fiction launch 'Rettai Roja'|website=[[Zee News]]|date=16 August 2019}}</ref> But, the circumstances of death by Sravani in [[Zee Telugu]]'s "Attarintlo Akka Chellellu" and by Anuradha in "Rettai Roja" were different. In "Attarintlo Akka Chellellu" Sravani meets her end in a car accident, wherein her car flies off a cliff, while in [[Zee Tamil]]'s "Rettai Roja" Anuradha got murdered by Sreeja and Chinthamani. Sreeja stabbed Anuradha with knife.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/akka-chellellu/0-6-1501 ''Attarintlo Akka Chellelu''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Telugu original programming]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Jai Kishan Sahu

2025-12-28T01:51:38Z

Marinawxb: created basic data w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jai Kishan Sahu
| office = [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
| country = [[india]]
| leader = [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
| spouse = Chhaya Sahu
| parents = Late Ramnath Sahu
| children = 2 girls (Anita Sahu, Sunita Sahu)
2 boys (Ankur Sahu, Suraj Sahu)
| alma_mater = M.A.
| occupation = Businessman
| profession = [[Politician]]
| resting_place_coordinates = [[Jalalabad, Ghazipur]]
| image =
| caption = Jai with Akhilesh
| source = http://www.tailik.org/report1.asp?cd=247
}}

'''Jai Kishan Sahu''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Ghazipur Sadar Assembly constituency]]. He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24375.htm?ac=375 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghazipur Election Result 2022 LIVE: Ghazipur MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/ghazipur-assembly-elections-up-375/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghazipur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ghazipur-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghazipur Election Result 2023, Uttar Pradesh Ghazipur Assembly Election Result 2023, Ghazipur Vidhan Sabha Result - Times Now |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-election/ghazipur-election-result |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.tailik.org/report1.asp?cd=247 Member Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602135607/http://www.tailik.org/report1.asp?cd=247 |date=2 June 2023 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Jai Kishan}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ghazipur]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Chachaura district

2025-12-19T13:09:43Z

Marinawxb: created a place from scratch

{{Short description|Proposed district in Madhya Pradesh, India}}

'''Chachaura district''' is a [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|proposed district]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. On 18 March 2020, the bill to create Chachaura district was passed by the state cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-18 |title=Amid political crisis, Kamal Nath cabinet okays creation of three new districts in Madhya Pradesh|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/amid-political-crisis-kamal-nath-cabinet-okays-creation-of-three-new-districts-in-madhya-pradesh/1902704/|access-date=2024-12-07 |website=financialexpress.com|language=English}}</ref> Chachaura, currently falls in [[Guna district]]. Chachaura district will be formed separated from Guna district. The headquarter of the Chachaura district will be [[Chachoura]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Amid political crisis, Kamal Nath cabinet creates three new districts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/amid-political-crisis-nath-cabinet-creates-three-new-districts/articleshow/74700582.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Madhya Pradesh to get three new districts|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/madhya-pradesh-to-get-3-new-districts/74705576 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Madhya Pradesh to get 3 new districts|url=https://www.thenewsnow.co.in/newsdet.aspx?q=105975|access-date=2024-12-07 |website=thenewsnow.co.in|language=English}}</ref>
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Chachaura district
|native_name =
|other_name = चाचौड़ा ज़िला
|settlement_type= Proposed district of Madhya Pradesh
| image_skyline = Image skyline 20241212 185054.jpg
| image_caption = Shri Baag Bageshwar Temple, Chachaura
|pushpin_label = Chachaura district
|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
|coordinates = {{coord|24|10|54|N|77|00|29|E}}
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh
|subdivision_type5 =
[[Tehsils]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title= तीन तहसीलों को मिलाकर चाचौड़ा को बनाया ज़िला|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/guna-guna-news-5426010 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=naidunia.com |language=hindi}}</ref>
|subdivision_name5 =
[[Chachaura tehsil|Chachaura]]
[[Kumbhraj]]
[[Maksoodangarh]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Headquarter]]
|subdivision_name4 = '''[[Chachoura]]'''
| subdivision_type3 = [[Division (political geography)|Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gwalior division|Gwalior]]
|subdivision_type2= [[States and union territories of India|State]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Country]] |subdivision_name1 = {{IND}}
|demographics_type1 = [[Government]]
|demographics1_title1=[[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
|demographics1_info1=[[Chachoura Assembly constituency|Chachoura]] & some part of [[Raghogarh Assembly constituency|Raghogarh]]
|demographics1_title2=[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
|demographics1_info2=[[Rajgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Rajgarh]] (shared with Guna, [[Rajgarh district|Rajgarh]] & [[Agar Malwa district|Agar]] district)
|demographics_type2 = [[Language]]
|demographics2_title1= [[Official]]
|demographics2_info1= [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
}}
==Formation==
The formation of Chachaura district will accelerate development work in the area. Guna district consists of four assembly constituencies; [[Chachoura Assembly constituency|Chachoura]], [[Raghogarh Assembly constituency|Raghogarh]], [[Guna Assembly constituency|Guna]] and [[Bamori Assembly constituency|Bamori]], out of which the entire Chachoura and some part of Raghogarh will be merged to form Chachaura district. The area of proposed district will include three tehsils [[Chachaura tehsil|Chachaura]], [[Kumbhraj]] and [[Maksoodangarh]].
==Historical importance==
Chachaura had a significant history. The old name of Chachaura is Champavati. The [[Champavati Fort]] was built in the 16th-17th century, and this Fort is also a State Protected Monument of Madhya Pradesh. There are Baag Bageshwar Dhaam, Hanuman Temple Chaan, Ambala Dhaam, Bade Ganpati Temple, Sita Bavari, Choudhaleshwar Dhaam and other many old and famous devotional places also present.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-03-19|title=गुना से 396 गांव होंगे कम|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/mp/guna/news/mp-news-1193-sq-km-area-396-villages-will-be-less-than-guna-072516-6872707.html|access-date=2024-12-15|website=dainikbhaskar.com|language=hindi}}</ref>

==Economic position==
Chachaura is a tribal and backward class dominated area. The economy of this region is based on agriculture. In agriculture production this region is known for the production of coriander. And the coriander here is famous not only in the country but also abroad.

==See also==
*[[Chachoda]]
*[[Champavati Fort]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Proposed districts of India]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}

Chandralekha

2025-12-09T23:58:33Z

Marinawxb: created the pg and citations

{{wikt|sa:चन्द्रलेखा}}
'''Chandralekha''' may refer to:
{{TOC right}}

==Films==
*[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|''Chandralekha'' (1948 film)]]
*[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|''Chandralekha'' (1995 film)]]
*[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|''Chandralekha'' (1997 film)]]
*[[Chandralekha (1998 film)|''Chandralekha'' (1998 film)]]
*[[Chandralekha (2014 film)|''Chandralekha'' (2014 film)]]

==People==
* [[Chandralekha (dancer)]], dancer and choreographer from India
*[[Chandralekha Perera]], Sri Lankan singer
* [[V. S. Chandralekha]], Indian politician

{{disambiguation|surname}}

Narayan Shyam

2025-11-26T11:09:22Z

Marinawxb: started new post!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Short description|Indian Sindhi language poet}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Narayan Shyam
| honorific_prefix =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|07|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Naushahro Feroze|Tehsil Nowshero Feroze]], [[Shaheed Benazirabad District|Nawabshah District]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1989|01|10|1922|07|25|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = poet
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]]
| period =
| genre = Prose, poetry
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Maak Bhina Rabel, Wari-a-Bhariyo Paland,<ref name=":0" /> Aachhinde Laj Maran, Mahiki Vel Subah ji, Dat Ain Hayat
| children = 8
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1970) from [[Sahitya Akademi]]
| signature =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Narayan Gokaldas Nagwani''' a.k.a. '''Narayan Shyam''' or '''Narain Shyam''' (22 July 1922{{snd}}10 January 1989) was a [[List of Sindhi-language poets|Sindhi language poet]] from [[India]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jotwani|first=Motilal|date=1980|title=Narayan Shyam: The Poet of Hope and Affirmation|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23339422|journal=Indian Literature|volume=23|issue=5|pages=103–107|jstor=23339422|issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Abichandani Param|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.231020|title=Narayan Shyam|date=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hans|first1=Holaram Hasija|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t1jAAAAMAAJ|title=Narayan Shyam: master Sindhi poet|last2=Lulla|first2=M. S|date=1994|publisher=Best Sindhi Sabha|location=Bombay|language=English|oclc=679039086}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Abichandani|first=Param Anand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzHI1G_UiWQC|title=Narayan Shyam|date=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0447-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Master Sindhi Poet Narayan Shyam by Hans, Holaram Hasija: Minor wear. VG. orig. wrappers (2001) 2. edition. {{!}} Expatriate Bookshop of Denmark|url=https://www.abebooks.com/Master-Sindhi-Poet-Narayan-Shyam-Hans/22869652775/bd|access-date=2021-11-24|website=www.abebooks.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hans|first=Holaram Hasija|url=https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999775024202121|title=Narayan Shyam : master Sindhi poet|date=1994|publisher=Best Sindhi Sabha|location=Bombay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=OpenLibrary.org|title=Narayan Shyam (1994 edition) {{!}} Open Library|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1080306W/Narayan_Shyam|access-date=2021-11-25|website=Open Library|language=en}}</ref> He was one of the foremost poets associated with the progressive movement. He was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahtia Academy Award]] in 1970 for [[Sindhi literature|Sindhi Literature]] by [[Sahitya Akademi|Sahtia Academy]], India for his poetry collection.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Narayan Shyam|year=2001|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.231020/2015.231020.Narayan-Shyam_djvu.txt}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Narain Shyam was born on 22 July 1922 in Goth Khahi Qasim, [[Naushahro Feroze|Tehsil Nowshero Feroze]], [[Shaheed Benazirabad District|Nawabshah District]], Sindh), [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /> He received his early education in [[Nawabshah]].<ref name=":0" /> He obtained his BA (Hons) degree from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]] in 1943.<ref name=":0" /> His optional subject in BA (Hons) was [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name=":0" /> He became a teacher of [[Persian language|Persian]] in Muslim Madrasa School Nowshero Feroz,<ref name=":0" /> where he taught until October 1947.<ref name=":0" /> After the [[partition of India]] in January 1948 he moved to [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India.<ref name=":0" /> He also stayed in [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":0" /> Employed in the Post and Telegraph Department in India.<ref name=":0" /> He was a very important and representative poet of the progressive school of [[Sindhi poetry]].<ref name=":0" /> Narain Shyam played an important role in consolidating progressive ideas, concepts and trends in Sindhi poetry.<ref name=":0" /> The maturity of social and political consciousness is evident in his poetry.<ref name=":0" /> Narayan has been associated with freedom and public welfare movements, so his speech clearly reflects modern objectivity. Rare expressions in his style of poetry, the waves of influence seem to merge. Narayan Shyam's study was extensive, he had a keen eye on world literature. He was fully aware of the wide-ranging changes taking place in [[world literature]] and was also aware of the changing role of literature, which is why his poetry plays a very serious social role instead of a hobby. Narain is one of the foremost Sindhi poets who has successfully experimented with the ancient genres of Sindhi literature i.e. Wai (''Vaee)'', [[Kafi]] and [[Couplet|Bait]] etc,<ref name=":0" /> as well as he has done certain genres of Western poetry such as [[Blank verse|Blank Verses]], [[Free verse|Free Verses]] and [[Sonnet]].<ref name=":0" /> He has given more energy and color to the distention of Sindhi poetry. Narain has successfully experimented with three [[Stanza|short stanzas]] in Sindhi poetry in the style of Japanese genre of [[haiku]],<ref name=":0" /> which is an addition to Sindhi poetry.<ref name=":0" /> In recognition of his literary services, the Narain Shyam Award, a literary award in his name, has been launched in India, which is given to poetry collections published in [[Sindhi language]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::..|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#SINDHI|access-date=2021-11-24|website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Marriage ===
He married from the Raisinghanis, a famous [[Sahiti (Lohana)|Sahiti]] family in the year 1940.<ref name=":0" /> He had four sons and four daughters.<ref name=":0" />

==Literary work==
He created free verses, blank verses and sonnet.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hans|first=Holaram Hasija|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t1jAAAAMAAJ|title=Narayan Shyam: Master Sindhi Poet|date=1994|publisher=Best Sindhi Sabha|language=en}}</ref>

He had number of literary work publication to his credit, following are some of the most significant literary work:<ref>{{Cite web|title=(Late) Narayan Gokaldas Nagwani {{!}} Sindhi Sangat|url=https://www.sindhisangat.com/(late)narayan_nagwani.php|access-date=2021-11-24|website=www.sindhisangat.com}}</ref>
# Maak Bhina Rabel ({{langx|sd|ماڪَ ڀِنا رابيل}}) (Rabel (flower) wet with dew), Poetry, 1964.
# Wari-a-Bhariyo Paland ({{langx|sd|واريءَ ڀريو پَلاندُ}}) (Sand in lap), Poetry, 1968.
# Aachhinde Laj Maran ({{langx|sd|آڇيندي لَڄَ مَران}}) (Feel embarrassed whilst offering), Poetry, 1972.
# Mahiki Vel Subah ji ({{langx|sd|مَهڪي ويلَ صُبح جي}}) (Lovely morning), Poetry, 1983.
# Dat Ain Hayat ({{langx|sd|ڏات ۽ حيات}}) (Divine gift & life), Poetry, 1988.

== Death ==
Narayan Shyam died on 10 January 1989 in Bombay, India.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shyam, Narayan}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Sindhi]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Sindhi-language poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Shaheed Benazirabad District]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]

Muhammad Khan Daha

2025-11-07T22:14:39Z

Marinawxb: correct layout

{{short description|Pakistani politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Muhammad Khan Daha
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| office = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start = 29 February 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[NA-145 Khanewal-II]]
| term_start1 = 13 August 2018
| term_end1 = 10 August 2023
| constituency1 = [[NA-151 (Khanewal-II)]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age| 1970 |8|1|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| nationality = Pakistani
| party = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2008-present)
| native_name = {{nq|محمد خان ڈاھا}}
| term_start2 = 1 June 2013
| term_end2 = 31 May 2018
| constituency2 = [[Constituency NA-157|NA-157 (Khanewal-II)]]
}}

'''Muhammad Khan Daha''' ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد خان ڈاھا}}}}; born 1 August 1970) (s/o Irfan Khan Daha) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] since February 2024 and previously served in this position from August 2018 till August 2023 and from June 2013 to May 2018.

==Early life==
He was born on 1 August 1970 in a political family.<ref name="pildat/dob">{{cite web|title=Detail Information|url=http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=157|accessdate=9 July 2017|date=21 April 2014|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421152505/http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=157|archivedate=21 April 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==

He ran for the seat of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N) from [[Constituency NA-157|Constituency NA-157 (Khanewal-II)]] in the [[2008 Pakistani general election]] but was unsuccessful. He received 58,231 votes and lost the seat to [[Hamid Yar Hiraj]].

He was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-157 (Khanewal-II) in the [[2013 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Inquiry commission summons ROs of 11 NA constituencies|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1188649|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=17 June 2015|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307045216/https://www.dawn.com/news/1188649|archivedate=7 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PML-N lines up NA candidates in Punjab|url=http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306034027/http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=N, independents rule the roost in Khanewal|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/14-May-2013/n-independents-rule-the-roost-in-khanewal|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306210234/http://nation.com.pk/national/14-May-2013/n-independents-rule-the-roost-in-khanewal|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Appreciation: Lawmakers hail new budget - The Express Tribune|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/717590/appreciation-lawmakers-hail-new-budget/|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Express Tribune|date=5 June 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211658/https://tribune.com.pk/story/717590/appreciation-lawmakers-hail-new-budget/|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Defections change NA-157 political scenario|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/11-Mar-2013/defections-change-na-157-political-scenario|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306210054/http://nation.com.pk/national/11-Mar-2013/defections-change-na-157-political-scenario|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref> He received 96,162 votes and defeated Hamid Yar Hiraj.<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 election result|url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|publisher=ECP|accessdate=12 May 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201140612/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|archivedate=1 February 2018}}</ref>

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from [[NA-151 (Khanewal-II)]] in the [[2018 Pakistani general election]]. He received 111,325 votes and defeated Ahmad Yar Hiraj, a candidate of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI).<ref>{{cite news |title=Election results pour in as polling concludes |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/204576-general-election-2018-polling-begins-across-pakistan |accessdate=3 August 2018}}</ref>

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from [[NA-145 Khanewal-II]] in the [[2024 Pakistani general election]]. He received 102,952 votes and defeated Abid Mahmood, an [[Independent politician]] candidate supported by [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/general-elections-2024 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=ecp.gov.pk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daha, Muhammad Khan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]

{{MuslimN-MNA-stub}}

Solomon's Temple, Aizawl

2025-10-20T00:27:39Z

Marinawxb: starting place

{{Short description|Church in Mizoram, India}}
{{For|ancient temple in Israel|Solomon's Temple}}
{{other uses|Solomon's Temple (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=December 2013}}{{COI|date=December 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Solomon's Temple, Aizawl
| infobox_width =
| image = Temple thlalak.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Solomon's Temple
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7479|92.6884|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Christianity|Christian]]
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Aizwal]], [[Mizoram]]
| territory =
| district =
| consecration_year = Foundation stone laid on {{start date and age|df=yes|23 December 1996}}
| functional_status =
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| website = {{url|http://kohhranthianghlim.org/}}
| architecture =
| architect = Dr. L.B. Sailo
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style =
| founder = Kohhran Thianghlim (The Holy Church)
}}

'''Solomon's Temple'''<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Google Maps|title=Solomon's Temple, Aizawl|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Solomon%27s+Temple/@23.747939,92.688308,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0xbcd9d2fc97d49cd5|accessdate=29 April 2014}}</ref> is a church located in [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], [[India]].

The temple was constructed by the religious group [[Kohhran Thianghlim]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Cell|first=IT|title=Kohhran Thianghlim|url=http://kohhranthianghlim.org/|accessdate=23 December 2013}}</ref> translated as 'The Holy Church' in English.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Solomon's Temple Mizoram's Biggest Church Opens to Public |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=28 December 2017 |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/solomon-s-temple-mizoram-s-biggest-church-opens-to-public-117122801214_1.html/ |accessdate=18 January 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/solomon-s-temple-mizoram-s-biggest-church-opens-to-public-117122801214_1.html '' Business Standard News'', December 2017]</ref> It was founded by Dr. L.B. Sailo in 1984 and is non-denominational.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Solomon's Temple, Aizawl, India Tourist Information | url=https://www.touristlink.com/india/solomons-temple/overview.html | access-date=2024-12-26 | website=www.touristlink.com}}</ref> The temple is one of the largest in Mizoram state.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Hindustan Times |title=Visit Solomon's Temple the largest church in Mizoram |date=29 December 2017 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/travelling-to-north-east-india-visit-solomon-s-temple-the-largest-church-in-mizoram/story-QC2oYlrbSsKyJLwVqQeYLL.html/ |accessdate=18 January 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
Dr. L.B. Sailo, the founder of Kohhran Thianghlim Church,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengar |first=Resham |title=Solomon's Temple - the first of its kind in India - opens in Mizoram for public |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/solomons-temple-the-first-of-its-kind-in-india-opens-in-mizoram-for-public/articleshow/62296526.cms |access-date=2023-01-31 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> said, "In the year 1991, God showed me Solomon's Temple in my dreams. I had never thought of Solomon's temple before, nor had any dream of constructing it, but when I saw it in my dreams in 1991, as soon as I woke up, I wrote down the temple as I saw in my dream."<ref name=":0" /> The church was built on the western outskirts of [[Aizawl]], the capital of the [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]]. The foundation stone was laid on 23 December 1996, and construction finished 20 years later, with a Christmas service in 2017 inaugurating the temple.<ref name=":1" />

== Architecture ==
[[File:Coronation Day.jpg|thumb|Solomon's Temple, Mizoram on Coronation Day]]

'''Area'''

The Temple area accommodates 2,000 people within the main hall and 10,000 within its [[courtyard]]. It is a square site measuring 180 ft. on each side. The interior of the Temple building is also square, measuring 120 ft. on each side. A 30 ft. wide [[verandah]] called 'The porch of Solomon's Temple' is attached to the exterior of the main hall on all four sides. This provides a shelter for people with its sizeable seating capacity.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Wiki|first=mapia|title=Structure of Solomon's Temple|url=http://wikimapia.org/19620092/Solomon-s-Temple-Complex-Chawlhhmun-Aizawl-Mizoram|publisher=IT Cell, Kohhran Thianghlim|accessdate=22 December 2013}}</ref>

'''Design'''

The main building has twelve main doors, three doors per wall. The exterior walls of the [[Temple]] face exactly South, North, East, and West. Above the porch are four [[Column|pillars]], each carrying seven David's stars, meant to represent the seven churches of the [[Book of Revelation]]. On each of the pillars is a picture of the Cross of [[Jesus Christ]] and the emblem of the Holy Church. Atop the porch is an [[Cult image|image]] of two angels blowing trumpets which face the top of the pillar and flank the northern side of the [[Column|pillar]], which is now used as the main entrance. The temple has four towers, one on each corner. Each tower is topped with a crown, representing the Crown of Salvation, the Crown of Righteousness, the Crown of Life and the Crown of the Overcomer. There are two intersecting horizontal ridges that cross in the middle of the pitch roof such that when viewed from the air they form a cross, representing the [[New Covenant]]. The Temple has 32 windows, 32 [[ventilation (architecture)|ventilation]]s, and 32 skylights. It is a multi-story building.<ref name=":2" />

'''Temple Complex'''

Within its compound, the temple complex has a [[nature park|natural park]] covered by a selection of forest trees that provide shade and fruit for animal life. There is a restaurant for temple visitors. The complex houses an [[educational institution]] and a [[social service]] center that provides help with [[addiction]] and includes a [[polyclinics]] [[hospital]].<ref name=":2" />

'''Finance'''

The temple cost $3 million to complete. Most of the funds were contributed by church members with smaller donations received from outside the church. <ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2017-12-28 |title=Solomon's Temple, Mizoram's biggest Church opens to public |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/solomon-s-temple-mizoram-s-biggest-church-opens-to-public-117122801214_1.html/ |access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref>

==Temple Service==
The temple holds church services each [[Sunday]]. It also hosts special events such as Zanlai Au Aw (Midnight Herald) Anniversary organized by the Publication Board of [[Kohhran Thianghlim]], and Missionary Day organized by the Mission Board and Jerusalem Khawmpui<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerusalem khawmpui|url=http://www.vanglaini.org/tualchhung/13153|accessdate=29 April 2014|newspaper=Vanglaini|date=25 December 2013}}</ref> in late December of each year. The temple is also used as a center for blood donations organized by the Church's youth wing, Youth Evangelical Front.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blood|first=Donation|title=Blood Donation during Jerusalem Khawmpui|url=http://www.vanglaini.org/tualchhung/13153|accessdate=29 April 2014|newspaper=Vanglaini, Mizo Daily|date=28 December 2013}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Solomon's Temple, Aizawl Gallery">
File:Solomon's Temple, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.jpg|Solomon's Temple, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, from Tanhril
File:Solomon's Temple during Jerusalem Khawmpui 2013.jpg|Solomon's Temple during Jerusalem Khawmpui 2013
File:An Angel blowing trumpet and @ background is the flag of Holy Church.jpg|An Angel and the Flag of Holy Church
File:Solomon's Temple from South-West.JPG|Solomon's Temple between the trees
File:Solomon's Temple during Coronation Day 2013.jpg|Solomon's Temple on Coronation Day 2013
File:An Angel with a tower in the background.JPG|An Angel blowing Trumpet with a tower in the background
File:Blood Donation with David's Pillar in the background.JPG|Blood Donation Day with David's Pillar in the background
File:Blood Donation.JPG|Church members waiting for turn on Blood Donation camp at Temple
File:Face of Temple with Blood Donation Banner.JPG|Face of Temple with Blood Donation Banner
File:Temple eastern side under construction.JPG|Eastern side of the Temple under construction
File:Temple tower at the sunset.JPG|Temple Tower at the sunset
File:Blood Donation held at the porch of Temple.JPG|Blood Donation held at the porch of Temple
File:Solomon's Temple on a cloudy day.jpg|Solomon's Temple on a cloudy day
File:Solomon's Temple from south-eastern side.jpg|Solomon's Temple from south-eastern side
File:Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018 1st Prize in 1st Category.jpg|Solomon's Temple from above (1st Prize in 1st Category, Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018)
File:Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018 2nd prize in 1st category.jpg|Solomon's Temple (2nd Prize in 1st Category, Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018)
File:Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018 3rd prize in 1st category.jpg|Solomon's Temple (3rd Prize in 1st Category, Solomon's Temple Photo Competition-2018)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commonscat|Solomon's Temple, Aizawl}}

[[Category:Aizawl]]
[[Category:Solomon's Temple]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mizoram]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1996]]
[[Category:Churches in Mizoram]]

Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Chicago

2025-09-04T04:40:10Z

Marinawxb: starting a info

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the United States}}
{{distinguish|text=the Latin Church territory, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archdiocese of Chicago]]}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Eparchy
| name = Saint Thomas the Apostle of Chicago
| latin = Eparchia Sancti Thomae Apostoli Chicagiensis Syrorum-Malabarensium
| local = 
| image = Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral, Bellwood.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral, Bellwood, Illinois

| country = [[United States]]
| metropolitan = [[Exemption (Catholic canon law)|Exempt]] directly to [[Holy See]] and the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]]
| territory = United States
| province =
| coordinates = 

| area_km2 = 
| population =
| population_as_of = 2022
| catholics = 87,000
| catholics_percent =
| parishes =
| churches =  52
| congregations = 
35 (Missions)
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Syro-Malabar Church]]
| rite = [[East Syriac Rite]]
| established = March 13, 2001 ({{age|2001|3|13}} years ago)
| cathedral = [[Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)|Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Thomas the Apostle]]
| priests = 

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
| major_archbishop = [[Raphael Thattil|Mar Raphael Thattil]]
| bishop_title = Bishop
| bishop = [[Joy Alappatt]]
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops =Vacant
| vicar_general = {{ubl|[[Thomas Mulavanal]]|[[Thomas Kadukappillil]]|[[John Meleppuram]]}}
| emeritus_bishops = [[Jacob Angadiath]]
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = [http://www.stthomasdiocese.org/ www.stthomasdiocese.org]
| footnotes =
|headquarters=Diocesan Center 310 W. Lake Street Elmhurst, IL 60126|language=Malayalam & English|coat=Chicago eparchy logo.png|coat_size=145px|coat_alt=Coat of the Eparchy}}
{{Eastern Catholicism}}
The '''Eparchy of St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic of Chicago''', also known as the '''St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese of Chicago''', is a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] ecclesiastical territory or [[eparchy]] of the [[Catholic Church]] in the [[United States]]. Its episcopal seat is the [[Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)|Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral]] in the [[episcopal see]] of [[Chicago]].

The Most Reverend Mar [[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]] is the current bishop of the Eparchy, having served since October 2022. Mar [[Jacob Angadiath]] served as the Eparchy's first bishop from its establishment in 2001 until his retirement in July 2022. The Eparchy is not part of any [[ecclesiastical province]], but is [[Exemption (Catholic canon law)|immediately subject]] to the [[Holy See]] and depends on the [[Dicastery for the Oriental Churches]].

The eparchy was erected by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 13 March 2001. It is one of the four eparchies of the Syro-Malabar Church outside [[India]]. In fact the Chicago Eparchy is the first ecclesiastical territory of the Syro-Malabar Church outside India. It has jurisdiction over all Syro-Malabar Catholics in the United States, including [[Knanaya Region|Knanaya Catholics in the US]].

==History==
=== Under the Latin Dioceses ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}
Syro-Malabar Catholics began to migrate en masse to the United States in the 1950s. Their number increased in the following decades. Since the Syro-Malabar Church had no ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the United States, the Syro-Malabar migrants became members of the local [[Latin Church]] parishes.

The Syro-Malabar Catholics in the United States wished to have liturgical services in their own rite. They organized in the major cities as Catholic lay associations and organized [[Holy Qurbana]] and retreats with bi-ritual Syro-Malabar priests (serving at Latin parishes) who were locally available. The local Latin dioceses supported them by establishing Syro-Malabar missions under their dioceses.

=== Studies on the Syro-Malabar faithful ===
Because the number of Syro-Malabar faithful settling outside Kerala and India increased, Pope John Paul II appointed [[Antony Padiyara]] on 8 September 1978 as Apostolic Visitor to study the pastoral needs of the Syro-Malabar faithful living outside the proper territory of the Syro-Malabar Church.

Bishop of Rajkot [[Gregory Karotemprel]], the chair of the Commission for the pastoral care for the migrants and apostolic visitator to USA and Canada, made an extensive study of the pastoral concerns of the Syro-Malabar immigrants in the United States and Canada by visiting the major cities in 1996. He recommended to the [[Holy See]] to establish Syro-Malabar diocese for the faithful living in the United States and Canada.

[[Varkey Vithayathil]] made a follow-up study in 1998 by visiting major cities in the United States and Canada. He also recommended to Rome the relevance of a Syro-Malabar eparchy in the United States.

=== Establishment of the Eparchy ===
Based on the above reports and considering the need of preserving the liturgical tradition of the Syro-Malabar faithful, Pope [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] established the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago on 13 March 2001 with pastoral jurisdiction over all the Syro-Malabar faithful in the United States and appointed Fr. [[Jacob Angadiath]] as its first bishop. Bishop Jacob was also appointed as the Apostolic Visitator to Canada.<ref>{{Cite book|title=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocesan Bulletin|year=2001|location=Chicago|pages=6}}</ref> Jacob Angadiath was the director of Mar Thoma Sleeha Mission in Chicago when he was selected as the bishop. Previously he was the vicar of St. Thomas the Apostle Catholic Church in Garland, TX that he had established in 1992.
[[File:Bishop-angadiath.jpg|thumb|Jacob Angadiath, the first bishop of the eparchy]]
Bishop of Pala Joseph Pallikaparampil, who was in charge of the Overseas Mission of the Syro-Malabar Church, had sent him to Dallas in 1984 to serve the Syro-Malabar faithful in that region. He was the first Syro-Malabar priest officially appointed to begin a Syro-Malabar ministry in the US.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishop Mar Jacob Angadiath {{!}} St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese|url=https://stthomasdiocese.org/bishop-mar-jacob-angadiath|access-date=2021-03-31|website=stthomasdiocese.org}}</ref>

The inauguration of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of Jacob Angadiath was held in Chicago on 1 July 2001 at Hyatt Regency Hotel during the Second Syro-Malabar Convention. Varkey Vithayathil was the main celebrant of the consecration. Bishop of Pala Joseph Pallickaparampil and Bishop of Kottayam Kuriakose Kunnacherry were co-consecrators. Archbishop of Chicago Francis Cardinal George was the homilist during the ceremony.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kottukappally|first=George Joseph|title=High Marks in the Halls of History, Commemorative Souvenir - 2001|publisher=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago|year=2001|location=Chicago|pages=70–72}}</ref>

Bishop Jacob Angadiath appointed Fr. George Madathilparambil as proto-syncellus and Fr. Abraham Mutholath as syncellus (Vicar Generals) of the diocese on 3 October 2001. The other first curia members were Fr. Zacharias Thottuvelil (Chancellor & Secretary), and Fr. Antony Thundathil (Finance Officer and Cathedral Vicar).<ref>{{Cite book|title=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocesan Bulletin|year=2001|location=Chicago|pages=19, 31}}</ref>

=== Priests and liturgy ===
The Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago depends on Syro-Malabar priests from [[Kerala]], India; priests would come from the archeparchies and eparchies of the Syro Malabar Church including the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam]] for Knanaya. The Syro-Malabar liturgy was primarily in [[Syriac language|Syriac]] prior to the [[Second Vatican Council]]. Post-Second Vatican Council, the liturgy was translated to Indian languages [[Malayalam]], [[Hindi]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as the Syro-Malabar Church was mainly based in India. Bishop Jacob Angadiath commissioned on behalf of the Synod of the Syro-Malabar Church, [[Joseph J. Palackal]] and George Thaila to set the English language [[Holy Qurbana|Qurbana]] text to music in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Eucharistic Celebration of the Syro-Malabar Church|url=http://christianmusicologicalsocietyofindia.com/syro-malabar-qurbana|first= Joseph|last= Palackal|publisher=Christian Musicological Society of India|date=2013|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>

The American-born Roy Joseph was ordained in 2016 in the [[Latin Church]] as a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest, although he is a bi-ritual priest in both the Latin and Syro-Malabar rites.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thornwood Native Is First American-born Syro-Malabar Priest Ordained in U.S.|url=http://www.jesuits.org/story?TN=PROJECT-20160523025902111459015159|first=Doris|last=Yu|publisher=Jesuits.org|date=August 11, 2016|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> On May 5, 2018, Kevin Mundackal of [[Thornwood, New York]], was ordained as the first ever American-born Syro-Malabar priest at [https://www.stthomassyronj.org/ St. Thomas Syro Malabar Forane Catholic Church, Somerset, NJ]. Shortly after on June 2, 2018, Rajeev Valiyaveettil Philip of [[Tampa, Florida]], was also ordained to the priesthood.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thornwood Native Is First American-born Syro-Malabar Priest Ordained in U.S.|url=http://www.cny.org/stories/thornwood-native-is-first-american-born-syro-malabar-priest-ordained-in-us,17682?|first=Christie L.|last=Chicoine|publisher=[[Catholic New York]]|date=August 2, 2018|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> As of 2023, There are 7 American born priests and 8 Seminarians <ref>{{Cite web |title=DIRECTORY LAYOUT Pages 51-100 - Flip PDF Download {{!}} FlipHTML5 |url=https://fliphtml5.com/tqbqj/esla/basic/51-100 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=fliphtml5.com}}</ref>

After the accession of Mar Joy to seat of the Eparch of the Eparchy, In October 2022, He elevated Thomas Mulavanal, the Director of the Knanaya Region as the [[protosyncellus]] and Cathedral Rector Thomas Mulavanal as the syncellus. In September 2023, He appointed an additional syncellus due to the size of the eparchy, Fr. John Meleppruam, one of the first priests of the dioceses to be the Vicar General In Residence. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ചിക്കാഗോ സീറോ മലബാർ രൂപതക്ക് മൂന്ന് വികാരി ജനറാൾമാർ |url=https://keralaexpress.com/banners/Three-Vicar-Generals-for-Chicago-Syro-Malabar-Diocese/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Kerala Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Bishops ==
The Bishop has the pastoral governance of the eparchy. [[Jacob Angadiath]] was appointed as the first bishop of the new eparchy in 2001. He served in the role for 21 years until his retirement in 2022. The Pope Named the Auxiliary Bishop of the Eparchy, [[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]] as the Bishop-elect on July 3, 2022 (Feast of Durkanna), who was installed on October 1, 2022.[[File:Bishop Joy Alappat.jpg|thumb|[[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]], the second bishop of the eparchy]]

=== List of Bishops ===

# [[Jacob Angadiath]] (2001–2022)
# [[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]] (2022–present) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resignations and Appointments |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2022/07/03/220703b.html |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref>

== Auxiliary Bishops ==
The Auxiliary Bishop has the role of assisting the Bishop in leading the eparchy and representing him if needed. [[Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)|Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral]] Rector and Vicar General of the Diocese [[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]] was selected by Pope Francis as the first Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese on July 24, 2022. The position became vacant when Alappatt was appointed as Bishop of the Eparchy.

=== List of Auxiliary Bishops ===

# [[Joy Alappat|Joy Alappatt]] (2014–2022) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-06 |title=Rinunce e nomine |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/07/24/0532/01181.html |access-date=2022-07-04 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906174214/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/07/24/0532/01181.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Curia ==
The Diocesan Curia is a group of people who assist the Eparch in governing the Syro Malabar Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago. The following Members are Members of the Curia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration |url=https://stthomasdiocese.org/administration/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''Eparch:''' [[Joy Alappatt]], Bishop Joy was ordained in 1981 and served as the Catherdal Rector then Auxiliary Bishop before becoming the Eparch.

'''Proto-Syncellus:''' Fr. Thomas Mulavanal, Fr. Thomas was ordained in 1990 and serves also as the Pastor of [[Sacred Heart Knanaya Catholic Church Chicago]]. Prior to that, He served as the Pastor of St.Mary's, Chicago and [[Knanaya Catholic Parish, Los Angeles|St. Pius X Knanaya, Los Angeles]]

'''Syncellus:''' Fr. John Melepuram, Fr. John was ordained in 1978 and serves as Vicar General-in residence as well as the Director of the Family Apostolate. Prior to that, He served as the Pastor of [[St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Forane Catholic Church (Philadelphia, PA)|St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Forane Church (Philadelphia, PA)]], St Mary's (Long Island), St Jude's (South Jersey), St Thomas (Dallas), and the Detroit Mission.

'''Syncellus:''' Fr. Thomas Kadukappillil, Fr. Thomas was ordained in 1991 and serves also as the Pastor of [[Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)|Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral]]. Prior to that, He served as the Pastor of Our Lady of Good Health, Coral Springs and St Thomas, Somerset.

'''Chancellor:''' Rev. Dr. Johnson Xaviour, Fr. Johnson was ordained in 1998. Prior to serving as Chancellor, He served as the Eparchial Judge for the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Tellicherry]]. He received his Doctorate in Canon Law in Rome.

'''Procurator:''' Fr. Kurian Neduvelichalumkal, Fr. Kurian was ordained in 1991. Prior to becoming the Diocesan Procurator, He served as Pastor of [[St. Joseph Syro Malabar Forane Catholic Church|St. Joseph Syro Malabar Forane Catholic Church, Houston]], St. Mary's (Pearland) and St. Thomas (Bay Area).

==Parishes and missions==
{{Main|List of churches and missions in the Syro Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago}}
The eparchy's cathedral is in [[Bellwood, Illinois|Bellwood]], [[Illinois]]. The [[Mar Thoma Shleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)|Mar Thoma Shleeha Cathedral]] is a [[parish church]] with almost 1000 families and is seat to the bishop. The cathedral was dedicated on July 5, 2008.[https://www.smchicago.org/about-us]

{{As of|2014}}, there were an estimated 87,600 Syro-Malabar Catholics in the United States. Some of the parishes and missions are dedicated to the pastoral care of faithful of the [[Knanaya]] Catholics, under the pastoral guidance of Knanaya priests. The eparchy includes 52 parishes and 34 missions. Congregations are located in the following states and provinces:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parishes {{!}} St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese|url=https://stthomasdiocese.org/parishes|access-date=2021-03-31|website=stthomasdiocese.org}}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
*[[List of the Catholic bishops of the United States#Other Eastern Catholic bishops]]
*[[List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* Diocesan Directory 2013-14, St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese of Chicago, 2014.
* Diocesan Directory 2016, St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese of Chicago, 2016.
* Diocesan Bulletin, St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese, 2001 October onwards.
* Enas, Dr. Enas A, An Eyewitness Account of The Syromalabar Story of Chicago Metropolis, Chicago: 2018.
* Kottukappally, George Joseph (Editor in chief), Commemorative Souvenir - 2001, Syro-Malabar Catholic Convention, Inauguration of the St. Thomas Diocese of Chicago, Episcopal Ordination of Mar Jacob Angadiath, Chicago: Mar Thomas Sleeha Cathedral, 2001.
* The Episcopal Ordination of Mar Joy Alappatt, Chicago: St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago, 2014.

==External links==
*[http://www.stthomasdiocese.org/ Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago Official Site]
*[https://www.smchicago.org/ Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral]
*[http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/ Syro-Malabar Church]
*[https://knanayaregion.us/ Knanaya Region]
*[https://christianhomily.com/ Homily Resources]
{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}

{{coord|41|53|19|N|87|55|55|W|source:plwiki|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese Of Chicago}}
[[Category:Asian-American culture in Chicago]]
[[Category:Indian-American culture in Illinois]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholicism in Illinois]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2001|Saint Thomas Syro]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses in the United States|Saint Thomas Syro]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses|Chicago]]
[[Category:Christianity in Chicago]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholicism in Colorado]]
[[Category:Dioceses established in the 21st century|Saint Thomas Syro]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cook County, Illinois]]

P. C. Laldinpuia

2025-08-27T09:19:51Z

Marinawxb:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Laldinpuia
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Laldinpuia Pachuau
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mizoram]], India
| height = 1.80 m
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]], [[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|defensive midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2018–2019
| clubs1 = [[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]]
| caps1 = 13
| goals1 = 1
| years2 = 2020–2021
| clubs2 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| caps2 = 14
| goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2021–2024
| clubs3 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| caps3 = 35
| goals3 = 1
| years4 = 2024–
| clubs4 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 19:45, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update =
}}

'''Laldinpuia Pachuau''' (born 29 November 1996), commonly known as '''Dinpuia''', is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[centre-back]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]].

==Club career==
Born in [[Mizoram]], Laldinpuia began his career with [[Mizoram Premier League]] side Bethlehem Vengthlang before moving to [[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mizoram Premier League Season 6 |url=https://www.timesofmizoram.com/2017/11/mizoram-premier-league-chanchinthar.html |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=Times of Mizoram |date=29 November 2017}}</ref> After the [[2018–19 Mizoram Premier League|2018–19]] season, Laldinpuia was awarded the Best Defender award in the Mizoram Premier League.<ref name="Best Defender">{{cite news |title=Aizawl win Mizo Premier League, defeat holders Chhinga Veng 5-4 in shootout |url=https://scroll.in/field/906210/aizawl-win-mizo-premier-league-defeat-holders-chhinga-veng-5-4-in-shootout |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=Scroll.in |date=18 December 2018}}</ref> He also participated with the club during their [[2018–19 2nd Division League|2nd Division]] campaign.<ref>{{cite news |title=2nd Division League: Chhinga Veng rout LoneStar Kashmir FC 6-1 |url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/news/second-division-i-league-chhinga-veng-lonestar-kashmir/1bf0j1rs1f3z61408oko1lllja |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=Goal.com |date=18 May 2019}}</ref>

Following good performances in the Mizoram Premier League, Laldinpuia was called up to represent [[Mizoram football team|Mizoram]] in the [[Santosh Trophy]] in both [[2018–19 Santosh Trophy|2018]] and [[2019–20 Santosh Trophy|2019]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mizoram stun favourites Goa 3-1 to start Santosh Trophy campaign in style |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/mizoram-stun-favourites-goa-3-1-to-start-santosh-trophy-campaign-in-style/story-xVGypkY8XbvmHRPdh0WpEK.html |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Santosh Trophy: Who’s who in the Mizoram team that Meghalaya will face tomorrow? |url=https://thesportsroom.in/2019/02/14/santosh-trophy-whos-who-in-the-mizoram-team-that-meghalaya-will-face-tomorrow/ |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=The Sports Room |date=14 February 2019}}</ref>

===Aizawl===
On 9 September 2020, Laldinpuia joined [[I-League]] side [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] for the [[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]] season.<ref>{{cite web |title=PC Laldinpuia signs for Aizawl |url=https://twitter.com/AizawlFC/status/1303699535403704333 |website=Aizawl FC (Twitter)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Aizawl FC sign six local players |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aizawl-fc-sign-six-local-players-to-add-more-depth-and-vigour/articleshow/78080462.cms |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=Times of India |date=12 September 2020}}</ref> He made his debut for the club on 9 January 2021 in their season opening 0–1 defeat against [[Punjab FC|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab 1–0 Aizawl |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2021/01/09/india/i-league/india-minerva-fc/aizawl-fc/3429929/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Laldinpuia then scored his first professional goal on 30 January 2021 against [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]. His 37th-minute goal was the opener in a 2–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEROCA 1–2 Aizawl |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2021/01/30/india/i-league/neroca/aizawl-fc/3429951/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|14 January 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|laldinpuia/668945}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]]
|[[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|13||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||13||1
|-
|[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
|[[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League]]
|14||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||14||1
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|{{nowrap|[[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian Super League]]
|6||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||6||0
|-
|[[2022–23 Jamshedpur FC season|2022–23]]
|8||0||1{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions|playoff for AFC Champions League]]}}||0||10||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Jamshedpur FC season|2023–24]]
|21||1||3{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||24||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!35!!1!!4!!0!!1!!0!!40!!1
|-
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
| rowspan="1" |Indian Super League
|14||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||14||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!76!!3!!4!!0!!1!!0!!81!!3
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Individual'''
*[[Mizoram Premier League]] Best Defender: [[2018–19 Mizoram Premier League|2018–19]]<ref name="Best Defender"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/95520?type=club Profile] at the [[All India Football Federation]] website

{{Jamshedpur FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laldinpuia, PC}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Chhinga Veng FC players]]
[[Category:Aizawl FC players]]
[[Category:Mizoram Premier League players]]
[[Category:I-League 2 players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Mizoram footballers]]
[[Category:Jamshedpur FC players]]

{{India-footy-defender-stub}}

Vikrampur Village

2025-08-11T06:03:17Z

Marinawxb: starting new place

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vikrampur Village
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.760710431159534|N|76.8562348367531|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 455332
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07273
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-41
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vikrampur Village''' is a town and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Dewas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Vikrampur Village is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Earlier.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | title = udainagar police station phone number | date = 10 November 2019 | newspaper = madhya pradesh Police | archive-date = 30 November 2021 | access-date = 10 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184313/http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{As of|2001}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ujjain Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Dewas district]]

Nandagopal

2025-07-27T12:57:56Z

Marinawxb: started stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nadella Nandagopal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1934
| birth_place = Repalle
| death_date = 22 June 2018
| death_place = Hyderabad
| occupation = Film Journalist Film Critic
| years_active = 1965–2014
| spouse = Kalpana Devi
| website =http://cinemagacinema.blogspot.in
| alma_mater =[[Andhra University]]
}}
'''Nadella Nandagopal''', was an [[Indian film]] journalist, editor and critic. He was married to Kalpana Devi ,also of Repalle, and the couple had three children- Nadella Gopichand, Nadella Pratyagatma and Koduru Kavitha.
As a prolific publisher, with more than forty years of experience. Nandagopal was involved in film journalism workshops, and was associated with [[L. V. Prasad]], [[B.Nagi Reddy]], and [[Aluri Chakrapani]]. He was even closely associated with [[N. T. Rama Rao|N.T.R]]. during his political and film phase, where Nandagopal used to be beside him all the time. He was awarded two Nandi awards given by the State Government of Andhra Pradesh. He was even designated as the Censor Board Of India President for 12 years.

During the early phase of his career he was a member of [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]], and [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]].<ref>eenadu cinema-writer Nandgopal career-Cinema Ga Cinema-National Film Awards-[[eenadu]] daily, 17-4-2013</ref> In 2013, he has garnered the [[National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema]] for his book on global cinema titled '''Cinema Ga Cinema''' at the [[61st National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |title=61st National Film Awards For 2013 |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf# |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |date=16 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-04-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf |archivedate=16 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1dh5e1_cinema-ga-cinema-book-launch-nanda-gopal-nadendla_shortfilms Cinema Ga Cinema Book Launch – Nanda Gopal Nadendla – Video Dailymotion]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://businessoftollywood.com/2014/02/cinema-ga-cinema-book-launch-photos/ |title=Cinema Ga Cinema Book Launch Photos - Business of Tollywood |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418235620/http://businessoftollywood.com/2014/02/cinema-ga-cinema-book-launch-photos/ |archive-date=18 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20140422164334/http://www.newsviewslive.com/entertainment/cinemashowbiz/telugu-book-cinema-ga-cinema-wins-national-award/Telugu book ‘Cinema Ga Cinema’ wins National Award] </ref>

He died on 22 June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-290083-chiranjeevi-pays-condolences-to-sr-journalist-nanda-gopal.html |title=Chiranjeevi pays condolences to Sr Journalist Nanda Gopal |access-date=12 October 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012123149/https://www.ap7am.com/lv-290083-chiranjeevi-pays-condolences-to-sr-journalist-nanda-gopal.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He won two [[Nandi Awards]].

==Awards==
;[[National Film Awards]]
*[[National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema]] (2013) - ''Cinema Ga Cinema''

;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema|Best Book on Telugu Cinema]] - ''Cinema Ga Cinema'' (2013)
*[[Nandi Award for Best Film Critic|Best Film Critic on Telugu Cinema]] - 1995

;Other honors
*1997 ''Meghasandesam'' – Best Film Critic Award
*2000 Dasari Narayana Rao gold medal - Best Film Journalist
*2007 Twin Cities Telugu Cinema Diamond Jubilee Felicitation
*2013 Senior Film Journalist Award - [[South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Journalists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]

M. Udhayakumar

2025-07-17T09:17:29Z

Marinawxb: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = M. Udhayakumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|5|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jallipatti, [[Dindigul]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| residence = [[Nilakkottai]], [[Dindigul]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member]] of the [[India Parliament]] for [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
|term_start = 1 September 2014
|term_end = 23 May 2019
| constituency = [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
| term =
| occupation = Advocate
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| religion =
| spouse = Smt. Vimalarani U
| parents =
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Tamil Nadu Open University]], [[Government Law College, Madurai]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 17 December
| year = 2016
| source = http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4909
}}
'''M Udhayakumar''' (born 1969) is an Indian politician, a Lawyer and [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] elected from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He is elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul constituency]] as an [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 2014|2014]] election.<ref>{{cite web|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2014|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2222.htm?ac=22|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|accessdate=24 May 2014|archive-date=25 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525194944/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2222.htm?ac=22|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is interested in the public service.

In 2014, he was elected to the 16th Lok Sabha with the massive vote counts of 5,12,000 by defeating Gandhirajan S of DMK party in Dindigul constituency.

In 2014, he was a Member of Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice

In 2014, he was a Member of Consultative Committee, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports

In 2006, Udhayakumar was the Vice Chairman of Town Panchayat, Nilakottai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Udhaya Kumar M: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/udhaya-kumar-m-35386.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}} {{16th LS members from Tamil Nadu |state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udhayakumar M.}}
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:People from Dindigul district]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Ashoknagar oilfield

2025-07-07T08:07:42Z

Marinawxb: Made new entry!

{{short description|Oilfield in India}}
{{Infobox oil field
| name = '''Ashoknagar oilfield'''
| image =
| caption =Work of extraction at [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]] reserve site
| location_map = India West Bengal
| location_map_width =
| location_map_text =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.83589|88.59694|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| relief = yes
| country = {{flag|India}}
| region = [[West bengal]]
| location =Ashoknagar
| block = Block WB- ONN- 2005/4
| offonshore = Onshore
| operator = [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]]
| discovery = 2018
| start_of_development = 2018
| start_of_production = 20 December 2020
| peak_year =
| abandonment =
| peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d =
| peak_of_production_oil_tpy =
| peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d =
| peak_of_production_gas_mmscm/d =
| peak_of_production_gas_bcm/y =
| oil_production_bbl/d =
| oil_production_tpy =
| recover_oil_t = 0.718
| production_year_oil = 2020-Present
|image_alt=}}

'''Ashoknagar oilfield (MBA basin: Ashoknagar 1 well)''' is a petroleum extracting site located at [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]] in the [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]. The oil field is located 48 km from the state capital [[Kolkata]]. The oil field was discovered in 2018 by [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ONGC finds oil, gas reserves in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal to open 2 new basins in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/ongc-finds-oil-gas-reserves-in-madhya-pradesh-west-bengal-to-open-2-new-basins-in-india/articleshow/65699300.cms?from=mdr |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=The Economic Times |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=6 September 2018}}</ref> This is the first oil field in [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra Pradhan dedicates West Bengal's first oil and gas reserve to nation |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/dharmendra-pradhan-dedicates-west-bengal-s-first-oil-and-gas-reserve-to-nation-11608459027930.html |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=livemint |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=20 December 2020}}</ref> and [[East India]].

December 20, 2020, [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Union Petroleum Minister]] [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] inaugurated the oil and natural gas reserves at [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra Pradhan Dedicates Bengal's First Oil And Gas Reserve To Nation |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dharmendra-pradhan-dedicates-bengals-first-oil-and-gas-reserve-to-nation-2341176 |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=NDTV |publisher=www.ndtv.com |date=20 December 2020}}</ref>

==History==
In [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]] gas was first found under 2,300 meters from the surface after came oil. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and [[Oil India]] were awarded the block in Bengal basin under the Mahanadi-Bengal- Andaman division, way back in 2009. The first phase of exploration got over in 2014. The huge reserves of oil and gas were found in the second phase with commercial exploitability confirmed on August 20, 2018.

For 60 years Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has been trying to get oil and gas reserves in [[West Bengal]] digging 150 wells in the process. But its first discovery happened in [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]] on 3.5 acres.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=ONGC starts oil and gas production from West Bengal after 60 years endeavour|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/ongc-starts-oil-and-gas-production-from-west-bengal-after-60-years-endeavour/2153903/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal government]] allowed the lease of land to ONGC for production of 50 Acres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal Cabinet decides to provide 50-acre of land to ONGC at Ashoknagar oilfield |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/bengal-cabinet-decides-to-provide-50-acre-of-land-to-ongc-at-ashoknagar-oilfield-3445942 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Location of wells==
* Baigachi, near Hijlia Bridge
* Daulatpur, near 19 No. Bridge
* Bhurkunda, near Bhurkunda Bazaar

== Capacity and production ==
State-owned explorer Oil and Natural Gas Corporation took advantage of a newly prescribed policy of the centre to position Bengal on the oil and gas map of India following its discovery at the Ashoknagar block, even as the long-term commercial viability of the hydrocarbon asset remains to be ascertained.

According to sources, the capacity of the block could be one hundred thousand cubic metres per day of gas and 15-18 cubic metres of oil pr day . “Two exploratory wells have been dug there,” the sources said. Besides Assam, no eastern or northeastern state has an operating oil field. Neither is there an operating natural gas field in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil find, just 47km from Kolkata, holds commercial potential|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/oil-find-just-47km-from-city-holds-commercial-potential/articleshow/79312568.cms|access-date=2020-12-21|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Quality of crude oil==
Around 375 barrels of crude oil, whose quality is said to be even better than India's most prolific oil asset [[Mumbai High Field|Bombay High]], have been extracted from a well on the outskirts [[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh|Ashoknagar]] since September 2020, making it the most potent hydrocarbon discovery ever made in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengal makes a mark in oil and gas|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/bengal-makes-a-mark-in-oil-and-gas/cid/1801160|access-date=2020-12-21|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

The quality of oil extracted from this basin is far superior to the [[Brent Crude]] and is at par with [[West Texas Intermediate]] which is considered{{by who?|date=August 2022}} the world's best known benchmark crude oil. Oil from Ashoknagar has API{{clarify|What is API?|date=August 2022}} gravity of 40-41, which is considered to be a light variety and sought after because of the lower load it exerts on refineries. A higher API gravity indicates a lighter and lower density crude. Light crude falls under the 35-45 API gravity range. West Texas Intermediate crude, denoted to oil lifted in the North America, has an API gravity of 39.6 degrees. [[Brent Crude|Brent crude]], a benchmark for oil produced in the [[North Sea]], has a density of around 835 kg/m3, being equivalent to a specific gravity of 0.835 or an API gravity of 38.06.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengal oil superior to Brent and at par with West Texas Intermediate|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/bengal-oil-better-than-brent/cid/1802357|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

==Future prospects==
PSU behemoth Oil and Natural Gas Corporation will explore two more blocks in [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24-Parganas]], after successful exploration of commercially viable oil block in Ashoknagar in [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24-Parganas]], 48 km from [[Kolkata]]. These new blocks were acquired under OALP while the oil-producing block was acquired under previous NELP VII. North 24-Parganas has a huge potential of both oil and gas and can prove a big boon for the economy of West Bengal, said Union minister for petroleum and natural gas [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] on Sunday while dedicating Bengal Basin, the 8th oil-producing basin in [[India]], to the nation.

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation would invest Rs 425 crore in new exploration in the next two years in the basin. It has already invested Rs 3,400 crore for developing the producing block in North 24-Parganas in the last two years. The crude from this block will be refined from [[Haldia Refinery|Haldia refinery]] of [[Indian Oil Corporation|Indian Oil]]. Pradhan also made it clear that land acquisition for new exploration would be done with the help of local government and as per its rules and regulations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 21, 2020|title=ONGC to explore 2 more blocks in Ashoknagar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ongc-to-explore-2-more-blocks-in-ashoknagar/articleshow/79829568.cms|access-date=2020-12-21|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Oil fields in India]]
[[Category:North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:ONGC oil and gas fields]]

Sydney Film Festival

2025-06-25T06:24:11Z

Marinawxb: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Annual film festival held in Sydney, Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox film festival
| name = Sydney Film Festival
| logo = Sydney Film Festival logo.svg
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| number =
| host =
| directors = Nashen Moodley
| location = Sydney, Australia
| founded = 1954
| awards = The Sydney Film Prize
| language = International
| date = Opening: {{Start date|2025|6|4|df=y}} Closing: {{End date|2025|6|15|df=y}}
| website = https://www.sff.org.au/
| chronology =
| main = Current: [[72nd Sydney Film Festival]]
| previous = [[71st Sydney Film Festival|71st]]
| next = 73rd
}}

The '''Sydney Film Festival''' is an annual competitive [[film festival]] held in [[Sydney|Sydney, Australia]], usually over 12 days in June. A number of awards are given, the top one being the Sydney Film Prize.

{{as of|2023}}, the festival's director is Nashen Moodley.<ref name="sff2023">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2023 |title=The winners of the 70th Sydney Film Festival |url=https://www.sff.org.au/info/blog/the-winners-of-the-70th-sydney-film-festival/ |website=Sydney Film Festival}}</ref>

==History==
Influenced by the experience of Australian film makers with the [[Edinburgh Film Festival]] since 1947 and the festival connected with the annual meeting of the Australian Council of Film Societies held at [[Olinda, Victoria|Olinda]] in the [[Dandenong Ranges]], [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] in 1952, later [[Melbourne International Film Festival]], a committee sprang from the Film Users Association of New South Wales to establish a film festival in Sydney. The committee included [[Alan Stout (philosopher)|Alan Stout]], Professor of Philosophy at [[The University of Sydney]], filmmakers [[John Heyer]] and John Kingsford Smith, and Federation of Film Societies secretary David Donaldson.<ref name="Kaufman">{{cite journal | journal=Senses of Cinema | publisher=Senses of Cinema Inc | title=Looking Back, Looking Forward: the Sydney Film Festival at 50 | author=Kaufman, Tina | date=May 2003 | volume=26 | url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/festival-reports/sydneyff_50_preview/ | access-date=25 April 2005
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050415114242/http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/festivals/03/26/sydneyff_50_preview.html  | archive-date = 15 April 2005}}</ref> Under the direction of Donaldson, the inaugural festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University. Attendance was at full capacity with 1,200 tickets sold at one guinea each.<ref name="Kaufman"/>

By 1958, the festival attracted its first international sponsored guest, [[Paul Rotha]], and advertising into the festival catalogue. The following year, the program expanded to seventeen days and by 1960 exceeded 2,000 subscribers with the introduction of the Opening Night feature film and party.<ref name=Webber-p7/> Censorship difficulties arose in the mid-1960s and continued until such time as the festival was granted exemption from censorship in 1971.<ref name=Webber-p9>Webber (2005), p. 9</ref>

From inception until 1967, the University remained the annual home of the festival. The following year, the festival moved to the Wintergarden in [[Rose Bay, New South Wales|Rose Bay]] where it remained for the ensuing five years. The historic [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]] became the home of the festival in 1974,<ref name="Kaufman"/> and remains one of the festival venues to date.<ref name="state">{{cite web
| url = http://www.statetheatre.com.au/HistoryGallery.aspx | title = History/Gallery – 1970s | year = 2010
| work = State Theatre website | publisher = State The Theatre | access-date = 8 June 2011}}</ref> In 2007, the festival introduced a series of live gigs, shows and cabaret-style screening at the nearby Metro Theatre.

Owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Australia]], the 2020 festival staged a reduced, online-only version, and in 2021 was delayed to open on 3 November with the audience limited first to 75 per cent capacity, increasing to 100 per cent from 8–21 November. The films were also available online.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival info| website=Sydney Film Festival|url=https://www.sff.org.au/info/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022043248/https://www.sff.org.au/info/|archive-date= 22 October 2021|url-status=unfit}}</ref>

==Description==
The competitive film festival draws international and local attention, with films being showcased in several venues across the city centre, and includes [[feature films|features]], [[Documentary film|documentaries]], [[short films]], retrospectives, films for families and animations. Films are shown at venues across the [[Sydney central business district|Sydney CBD]], with films shown at the Dendy Opera Quays, [[Event Cinemas]] in George Street, the [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]], [[Ritz Cinema, Randwick|Ritz Cinemas]], [[Sydney Town Hall]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney|Museum of Contemporary Art]] as well as the [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]].{{cn|date=November 2021}}

{{as of|2023}} the festival's director is Nashen Moodley,<ref name="sff2023"/><ref name=abc2021>{{cite web | last=Jefferson | first=Dee | title=Sydney Film Festival's top prize goes to Mohammad Rasoulof's There Is No Evil, about capital punishment in Iran | website=ABC News| publisher =[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=14 November 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-14/sydney-film-festival-winners-mohammad-rasoulof-there-is-no-evil-/100619590 | access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> who commenced in early 2012, replacing [[Clare Stewart]].<ref name="SMH-2011-12-18">{{cite news |author=Gibbs, Ed |title=Festival boss will divide and conquer |date=18 December 2011 |access-date=3 February 2012 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/festival-boss-will-divide-and-conquer-20111217-1ozs8.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald }}</ref>

Patrons of the festival include [[Gillian Armstrong]], [[Cate Blanchett]], [[Jane Campion]], [[Nicole Kidman]], [[Baz Luhrmann]], [[George Miller (filmmaker)|George Miller]], and [[Sam Neill]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Organisation|url=https://www.sff.org.au/about/our-organisation/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Sydney Film Festival|language=en}}</ref>

==Competition and film prizes==
Although a small number of prizes existed from the mid–1980s, prior to 2007, the Sydney Film Festival was classified by the [[FIAPF|International Federation of Film Producers Associations]] (FIAPF) as a Non-Competitive Feature Film Festival. On 10 September 2007, the Festival announced it had received funding from the New South Wales Government to host an official international competition, which rewarded "new directions in film". The FIAFP has since classified the Sydney Film Festival as a Competitive Specialised Feature Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fiapf.org/intfilmfestivals_2011_sites02.asp |title=Competitive Specialised Feature Film Festival |work=International Film Festival |publisher=FIAPF |year=2011 |access-date=5 July 2011}}</ref>

{{as of|2024}} the total prize pool was worth {{AUD|200,000}}. Prizes were awarded in the following categories:<ref name=awards2024>{{cite web | title=Awards | website=Sydney Film Festival | date=24 June 2024 | url=https://www.sff.org.au/program/awards/ | access-date=20 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211234924/https://www.sff.org.au/program/awards/| archive-date=11 Feb 2025| url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sydney Film Prize (awarded to the most "audacious, cutting-edge, and courageous" film in the Official Competition; endorsed by FIAPF): {{AUD|60,000}} cash prize
* Sydney UNESCO City of Film Award (for a filmmaker based in New South Wales "whose work stands for innovation, imagination and high impact"): {{AUD|10,000}} cash prize
* Documentary Australia Award for Australian documentary: {{AUD|20,000}} cash prize
* Sustainable Future Award: {{AUD|40,000}} cash prize
* First Nations Award, supported by Truant Pictures (new in 2024; the largest cash prize for Indigenous filmmaking in the world, open to First Nations filmmakers from around the globe): {{AUD|35,000}}
* Dendy Awards for Australian Short Films:
**Dendy Live Action Short Award: {{AUD|7,000}} cash prize
**Rouben Mamoulian Award for Best Director (named after Armenian-American film and theatre director [[Rouben Mamoulian]],<ref name=sff2011-news3>{{cite web |url=http://www.sff.org.au/public/news/sydney-film-festival-2011-announces-winners-of-the-dendy,-yoram-gross-animation-crc-awards/ |title=Sydney Film Festival 2011 announces winners of the Dendy, Yoram Gross Animation & CRC Awards |work=News |publisher=Sydney Film Festival |date=19 June 2011 |access-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316174628/http://www.sff.org.au/public/news/sydney-film-festival-2011-announces-winners-of-the-dendy,-yoram-gross-animation-crc-awards/ |archive-date=16 March 2012 }}</ref> who first presented the award in 1974): {{AUD|7,000}} cash prize
**Yoram Gross Animation Award (sponsored by Sandra and Guy Gross in honour of [[Yoram Gross]]): {{AUD|7,000}} cash prize<ref name=awards2024/>
**[[AFTRS]] Craft Award: {{AUD|7,000}} cash prize
* Event Cinemas Rising Talent Award
*[[GIO Insurance|GIO]] Audience awards (announced in the week after the festival):<ref name=awards2024/>
**Audience Award for Best Australian Feature
**Audience Award for Best Documentary
**Audience Award for Best International Feature
**Audience Award for Best International Documentary

Past awards have included:
* The CRC Award for Best Australian Feature-length Film with a Multicultural Perspective (presently sponsored by the Community Relations Commission For a Multicultural NSW) – established in 1992<ref name=sff2011-news3/>
* Peter Rasmussen Innovation Award – established in 2009<ref name=sff2011-news4>{{cite web |url=http://www.sff.org.au/public/news/2011-peter-rasmussen-innovation-award-winner/ |title=2011 Peter Rasmussen Innovation Award winner |work=News |publisher=Sydney Film Festival |date=19 June 2011 |access-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316174637/http://www.sff.org.au/public/news/2011-peter-rasmussen-innovation-award-winner/ |archive-date=16 March 2012 }}</ref>

===Winners of the Sydney Film Prize===
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Director
! Countrie(s)
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Hunger (2008 film)|Hunger]]''
| [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]]
| Ireland, United Kingdom
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Bronson (film)|Bronson]]''
| [[Nicolas Winding Refn]]
| United Kingdom
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Heartbeats (2010 film)|Heartbeats]]''
| [[Xavier Dolan]]
| Canada
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2010 |title=Heartbeats takes Sydney Film Fest prize |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-14/heartbeats-takes-sydney-film-fest-prize/866898 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[A Separation]]''
| [[Asghar Farhadi]]
| Iran
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Alps (film)|Alps]]''
| [[Yorgos Lanthimos]]
| Greece
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Only God Forgives]]''
| [[Nicolas Winding Refn]]
| Denmark, France
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Two Days, One Night]]''
| [[Dardenne brothers]]
| Belgium, France, Italy
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2014 |title=Two Days, One Night wins Sydney Film comp |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/two-days-one-night-wins-sydney-film-comp/8wce2doqm |website=[[SBS News]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Arabian Nights (2015 film)|Arabian Nights]]''
| [[Miguel Gomes (director)|Miguel Gomes]]
| Portugal, France, Germany, Switzerland
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Aquarius (film)|Aquarius]]''
| [[Kleber Mendonça Filho]]
| Brazil, France
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[On Body and Soul]]''
| [[Ildikó Enyedi]]
| Hungary
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[The Heiresses (2018 film)|The Heiresses]]''
| [[Marcelo Martinessi]]
| Paraguay
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]''
| [[Bong Joon-ho]]
| South Korea
|
|-
| 2020
|colspan="3" align="center" {{N/A|''Festival cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Australia|COVID-19 outbreak]]''}}
|-
| 2021
| ''[[There Is No Evil]]''
| [[Mohammad Rasoulof]]
| Germany, Czech Republic, Iran
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Close (2022 film)|Close]]''
| [[Lukas Dhont]]
| Belgium, France, Netherlands
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tulich |first=Katherine |date=2022-06-19 |title=Lukas Dhont's 'Close' Wins Best Film Prize at Sydney Festival |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/asia/close-sydney-film-festival-1235298223/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228051913/https://variety.com/2022/film/asia/close-sydney-film-festival-1235298223/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Mother of All Lies]]''
| [[Asmae El Moudir]]
| Morocco, Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia
| <ref name="sff2023"/>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[There's Still Tomorrow]]''
| [[Paola Cortellesi]]
| Italy
| <ref>Sandy George, [https://www.screendaily.com/news/the-buzziest-films-with-australian-audiences-at-the-sydney-film-festival-2024/5194592.article "The buzziest films with Australian audiences at the Sydney Film Festival 2024"]. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', 17 June 2024.</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[It Was Just an Accident]]''
| [[Jafar Panahi]]
| Iran, France, Luxembourg
|
|}

==Festival directors==
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
* David Donaldson (1954–1957)<ref name="Kaufman"/>
* Valwyn Edwards (1958)<ref name=Webber-p7>Webber (2005), p. 7</ref>
* [[Sylvia Lawson]] and Robert Connell (1959)<ref name=Webber-p7/>
* Lois Hunter (1960)<ref name=Webber-p7/>
* Patricia Moore (1961)<ref name=Webber-p8>Webber (2005), p. 8</ref>
* Ian Klava (1962–1965) – Inaugural full-time paid director<ref name=Webber-p8/>
* [[David Stratton]] (1966–1983)<ref name=Webber-p8/><ref name=Webber-p11>Webber (2005), p. 11</ref>
{{col-break}}
* Rod Webb (1984–1988)
* Paul Byrnes (1989–1998)
* Gayle Lake (1999–2004)
* Lynden Barber (2005–2006)
* [[Clare Stewart]] (2007–2011)<ref name="SMH-2011-05-25">{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/reel-deal--film-festival-finds-its-footing-20110524-1f2cw.html |title=Reel deal – film festival finds its footing |date=25 May 2011 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |author=Maddox, Garry |author-link=Garry Maddox |access-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref>
* Nashen Moodley (2012–present)<ref name="SMH-2011-12-18"/>
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[Message Sticks Indigenous Film Festival]]

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | author = Gillan, Edward (designer) | title = An Oral history of the Sydney Film Festival: 40 years of film | publisher = Sydney: Sydney Film Festival | year = 1993| isbn = 0-9596235-1-5 |pages=32}}
* {{cite thesis | title=A History of the Sydney Film Festival, 1954–1983 | author=Webber, Pauline | url=https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/20050/1/01front.pdf | year=2005 | type=MA | publisher=[[University of Technology Sydney]] }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sff.org.au/ Official Site]

{{Sydney Film Festival}}
{{film festivals}}
{{Sydney events}}


{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sydney Film Festival| ]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Sydney]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Film festivals established in 1954]]

Macrocybe gigantea

2025-06-09T15:54:20Z

Marinawxb: started a info!

{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| taxon = Macrocybe gigantea
| authority = ([[George Edward Massee|Massee]]) [[David Pegler|Pegler]] & Lodge (1998)
}}

'''''Macrocybe gigantea''''' is a species of [[mushroom]]-forming [[fungus]] that is native to India ([[West Bengal]]), Pakistan, and Nepal.<ref name=Pegler1998/>

== Taxonomy ==
The English botanist [[George Edward Massee]] described this species as ''Tricholoma giganteum'' in 1912 from material collected in [[Shyamnagar, West Bengal]], by [[Isaac Henry Burkill|Ethel Maud Burkill]] in 1911.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Massee |first1=George Edward |title=Fungi Exotici - XIV |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) |date=1912 |volume=1912 |issue=6 |pages=253–255 [254] |doi=10.2307/4104579 |jstor=4104579 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11630197|doi-access=free }}</ref> ''[[Tricholoma]]'' was a [[wastebasket taxon]]; the species was moved into the new genus ''[[Macrocybe]]'' in 1998.<ref name=Pegler1998/> Specimens currently classified as ''M. gigantea'' from Pakistan and China were more closely related to each other than specimens from India.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/7/4/11|title=An Asian edible mushroom, ''Macrocybe gigantea'': its distribution and ITS-rDNA based phylogeny|year=2016|last1=Razaq|first1=A.|journal=Mycosphere|volume=7|issue=4|pages=525–530|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Description ==
The mushroom has a smooth [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] that is conical when young before expanding flattening out and can reach 30–35 cm in diameter. It is variable in colour, initially white before ageing to light grey, paler at the margin. The crowded sinuate [[lamella (mycology)|gills]] are yellow. The cylindrical [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]] is 15–18 cm high by 6 cm wide and is the same colour as the cap. The firm white [[trama (mycology)|flesh]] is up to 3 cm thick under the cap. The [[spore print]] is white. The oval spores measure 5.7–7.5 μm long by 4.0–5.3 μm wide.<ref name=Pegler1998/>

== Ecology ==
In West Bengal, ''M. gigantea'' grows in groups or sometimes [[fairy ring]]s in shady or grassy areas, or in association with [[angiosperm]] trees.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00543.1|title=Contribution to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 18–22|year=2017|last1=Acharya|first1=Krishnendu|last2=Tarafder|first2=Entaj|last3=Pradhan|first3=Prakash|last4=Dutta|first4=Arun Kumar|last5=Paloi|first5=Soumitra|last6=Datta|first6=Moumita|last7=Roy|first7=Anirban|journal=Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology|volume=10|issue=9|page=3061|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''M. gigantea'' has been found growing on elephant dung in [[Kerala]] state in India.<ref name=manimohan>{{cite journal |last1=Manimohan | first1=Patinjareveettil | last2= Thomas | first2=K. Agretious | last3= Nisha | first3=V.S. | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237849003 | volume=99 |pages=147–157 | title=Agarics on elephant dung in Kerala State, India |journal=Mycotaxon | year=2007}}</ref>

== Relationship with humans ==
Known locally as ''Boro dhoodh chhatu'', roughly translated as "smells like milk when dried", ''M. gigantea'' is picked and sold at roadside markets in central and coastal West Bengal and cooked in mustard oil and spices.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Arun Kumar |last2=Acharya |first2=Krishnendu |title=Traditrional and ethno-medicinal knowledge of mushrooms in West Bengal, India |journal=Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research |date=2014 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–6 | issn=0974-2441}}</ref> In [[Tripura]], the local [[Tripuri people]] also collect and eat this mushroom.<ref>{{cite journal |issue=1 |doi=10.5943/sif/2/1/3|title=Proximate composition and antimicrobial activity of three wild edible mushrooms consumed by ethnic inhabitants of Tripura in northeast India|year=2017|last1=Roy Das|first1=A.|journal=Studies in Fungi|volume=2|pages=17–25|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''M. gigantea'' is able to be cultivated, with investigations showing that [[pearl millet]] (''Cenchrus americanus'') is a promising substrate.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.31018/jans.v13i1.2547|title=Suitability of three different cereal grains for spawn development and their impact on the growth and yield of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lod|year=2021|last1=Devi|first1=Sapna|last2=Sumbali|first2=Geeta|journal=Journal of Applied and Natural Science|volume=13|pages=204–209|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Pegler1998>{{cite journal |last1=Pegler | first1= David N. | last2= Lodge | first2=D.Jean | last3= Nakasone | first3= Karen K. |title=The Pantropical Genus ''Macrocybe'' Gen. nov. |journal=Mycologia |year=1998 | volume=90 | issue=3 |page=494 |doi= 10.2307/3761408| jstor=3761408 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271783311}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10573661}}

[[Category:Tricholomataceae]]
[[Category:Fungi of India]]
[[Category:Fungi of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Fungi described in 1912]]
[[Category:Fungus species]]

Nagjhiri

2025-05-26T16:04:47Z

Marinawxb: started post

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Nagjhiri
|other_name =
|image =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_label = Nagjhiri
|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
|coordinates = {{coord|23.334|75.475|display=inline, title}}
|pushpin_map_caption = मध्य प्रदेश में स्थिति
|subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{IND}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[State of India|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Ujjain district]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Nagda]]
|elevation_m =
|population_total = 1385
|population_as_of = 2011
|demographics_type1 = Languages
|demographics1_title1= Official
|demographics1_info1= Hindi
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Pincode]] |postal_code =
|area_code_type = Telephone code |area_code =
|registration_plate =
|website =
}}
'''Nagjhiri''' is a village near [[Ujjain]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> It is located in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and the district [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]].

== See also ==

* [[Ujjain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/ Official Website]

{{City of Ujjain}}

[[Category:Villages of Ujjain district]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-stub}}

Channarayapatna taluk

2025-03-20T09:13:34Z

Marinawxb:

{{Lead rewrite|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Channarayapatna Taluk
| population_footnotes =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| area_code_type =
| government_type = Taluk Panchayat
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 5731xx
| registration_plate = '''KA-13'''
| website = {{URL|http://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/}}
| governing_body = Channarayapatna Taluka Panchayat (Taluka Administration)
| named_for =
| native_name =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Taluk
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.904165|N|76.389281|E|display=inline,title}}
| founder =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hassan district|Hassan]]
| subdivision_type3 = Regions of Karnataka
| subdivision_name3 = Bayaluseeme
| established_title =
| footnotes =
| leader_title =Tehsildar & Taluka Magistrate
| leader_name = Naveen Kumar V S
}}

'''Channarayapatna Taluk''' is one of the eight taluks of [[Hassan District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/htmls/tahsil.html|title=:: Channarayapatna Taluka Administration ::|website=channarayapatna.kar.nic.in}}</ref> [[Channarayapatna]] town, being the taluka headquarters, lies on the [[Mangalore]] - [[Bangalore]] National highway 75 in Karnataka, India. Its popularity can be attributed to its historical and religious significant, coconut farming, sugar and also to its fields of literature, culture, religion etc. Now it is growing predominantly towards improvements in the modern era. The Taluk Office, Channarayapatna is located off the Bangalore-Mangalore highway in Channarayapatna town. The office is housed in the royal and majestic Mini Vidhana Soudha. In addition to the Taluka office, it also houses the Sub-Registrar office, Sub-Treasury office & Labour Inspector offices. The Taluk Office is headed by the [[Tehsildar|Tahsildar]] who is of KAS cadre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/index.html|title=:: Channarayapatna Taluka Administration ::|website=channarayapatna.kar.nic.in}}</ref> They include Shirastedars, Deputy Tahsildars, Revenue Inspectors, FDAs, SDAs & Village Accountants. The Tahsildar also heads survey section which has survey supervisors, surveyors, Band Jawans, Licensed Surveyors besides managing food & civil supplies section, which includes Food Shirastedars and Food Inspectors. The Tahsildar has to manage the Muzrai section to take care of Muzrai temples. In addition to conventional revenue duties, the Tahsildar has to perform magisterial functions as provided in the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|CrPC]]. The Tahsildar also has many other functions related to election, disaster management, [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]], Backward classes, women, children welfare etc. Overall, they will be responsible for the peace and tranquillity of the taluk.<ref name="fallingrain">{{cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Channarayapatna, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Channarayapatna.html|website=fallingrain.com|accessdate=2017-10-06}}</ref> Channarayapatna has an average elevation of 827 metres (2713 ft). There are 40 [[panchayat village]]s in Channarayapatna Taluk,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Village Panchayat Names of Channarayapatna, Hassan, Karnataka|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5850&parenttype=B&ptype=V|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210201035/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5850&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archivedate=2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Map: Gram panchayats in Channarayapatna Taluk|url=http://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/htmls/maps/CRPATNA_GPS1.jpg}}</ref> for 407 villages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/htmls/rev/villages.pdf|title=Channarayapatna Taluk: Hobli-wise, VA Circle-wise Villages}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Agriculture is Channarayapatna's major economic activity. [[Sugarcane]] & [[coconuts]] are the leading commercial crops, while food crops include [[Eleusine coracana|ragi]], [[potatoes]], [[sunflowers]], and [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|rice]].<ref name="gokdic">{{cite web|title=Channarayapatna Taluk Industrial Development Plan|url=http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/content/HASSAN/Taluks/C.R.%20Patna%20taluk.doc|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028232915/http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/content/HASSAN/Taluks/C.R.%20Patna%20taluk.doc|archive-date=28 October 2014|publisher=Karnataka Department of Industries and Commerce|format=DOC|accessdate=2013-04-20|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The taluk also has mineral reserves, such as [[chromite]] reserves.<ref name="gokdic" />

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 India [[census]], Channarayapatna has a population of 279,798 people. Males constitute 51% of the population and females constitute 49% of the population. Channarayapatna has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%, with male literacy of 78% and female literacy of 68%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:CRPATNA POP 2001.pdf|Map of Channarayapatna Taluk as per the 2001 Census
File:CRPATNA POP 2011.pdf|Map of Channarayapatna Taluk as per the 2001 Census
File:Hassan in karnataka.jpg|Positioning of Hassan district in Karnataka
File:CRPATNA VILLAGES1.jpg|Village map of Channarayapatna Taluk
File:HASSAN DIST CRP.jpg|Hobli Map of Hassan district
File:193 SBELAGOLA CON VIL.jpg|Hobli & Village map of Shravanabelagola Assembly constituency, Channarayapatna Taluk
File:193 SBELAGOLA LAC1.jpg|Village map of Shravanabelagola Assembly constituency, Channarayapatna Taluk
File:CRPATNA Grama panchayat.jpg|Grama panchayat and Village map of Channarayapatna Taluk
File:CRPATNA TOURISM1.jpg|Tourism map of Channarayapatna Taluk
File:CRPATNA HOB VIL.pdf|Channarayapatna Taluk - Hobli and Village map
File:CHANNARAYAPATNA GP VIL 2015.pdf|Channarayapatna Taluk - Grama Panchayat and Village map
File:CHANNARAYAPATNA FLUORIDE.pdf|Channarayapatna Taluk map about the fluoride content in DWS
</gallery>

== People from Channarayapatna ==
* [[H. C. Srikantaiah]], Former Minister and Member of Parliament
* Dr. N B Nanjappa, Former Member of legislative Assembly
* [[S. L. Bhyrappa]], novelist and professor
* [[Nanditha]], playback singer
* [[C. N. Manjunath]], cardiologist and MP of [[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bengaluru Rural]]
* [[Nagaraj Kote]], actor in Kannada Movies

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|author=NRDMS Centre/ZP/Hassan|title=Channarayapatna Taluk Hobli-wise, VA Circle-wise Villages|publisher=Hassan district|url=http://channarayapatna.kar.nic.in/htmls/maps/CRPATNA_VILLAGES1.jpg}}

[[Category:Taluks of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hassan district]]

Sector 62, Mohali

2024-04-21T20:34:54Z

Marinawxb:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sector 62
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Sector
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.696637|N|76.7311387|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mohali]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 160062
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0172
| registration_plate = PB 65
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sector 62''' (commonly known as Phase 8) is locality, with important administrative buildings located in [[Mohali]], Punjab. Gurdwara Amb Sahib, historical Gurdwara related to [[Guru Har Rai]] is situated here.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124433/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/mehram-murder-case-court-frames-charges-against-accused/article1-1322883.aspx Retrieved from Hindustan Times]</ref><ref>''Gurudwara Shri Amb Sahib, Mohali'': Retrieved from [http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/Punjab/Mohali/GurudwaraShriAmbSahib/gallery.php historcialgurdwaras.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321001511/http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/Punjab/Mohali/GurudwaraShriAmbSahib/gallery.php |date=21 March 2015 }}</ref> It is covered with Lamba, Sector 69, 63 and Phase 7, Mohali. The only bus stand of Mohali is present in this sector.<ref>''SAS Nagar bus stand looks like garbage collection centre'': Retrieved from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402201214/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/sas-nagar-bus-stand-looks-like-garbage-collection-centre/article1-1281596.aspx Hindustan Times]</ref> Various parks includes [[Dusshera]] Ground, Sabzi Mandi etc.

==Facility==

===Administrative Offices===
* [[Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority]], Headquarters
* [[Punjab School Education Board]], Headquarters
* Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Headquarters
* Regional Transport Authority
* Police Station, Phase 8
* Mohali Bus Stand

===Healthcare===
* [[Fortis Healthcare]]
* Cosmo Hospital

===Religious===
* Gurdwara Amb Sahib - Historical shrine of Sikhs
* Gurdwara Angitha Sahib - Shrine of Sant Isher Singh.

==Access==
Sector 62 is situated on Mohali road. It is well connected with road, rail and air. The nearest airports are [[Chandigarh Airport]] and railway station at Industrial Area - Phase 9. Auto rickshaw are easily available for commuting. A few [[Chandigarh Transport Undertaking|CTU]] local buses also available.<ref>Retrieved from CTU Official Website: Routemap [http://chdctu.gov.in/PDF/cturoutes.pdf Route Description]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mohali}}

[[Category:Mohali]]
[[Category:Sectors of Mohali]]

Thalanur

2022-08-20T22:18:04Z

Marinawxb: formatting fix

{{Short description|Village in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thalanur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Panchayat President
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1357
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Thalanur ''' is a village in the
[[Avadaiyarkoil block|Avadaiyarkoil]][[revenue block]] of [[Pudukkottai district]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/pr_villages.php?dc=22&tlkname=Avadaiyarkovil&region=9&lvl=block&size=1200 |title=Village Boundary Map |access-date=23 August 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220010043/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/pr_villages.php?dc=22&tlkname=Avadaiyarkovil&region=9&lvl=block&size=1200 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

== Demographics ==

As per the 2001 census, Thalanur had a total population of 1357<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.voiceofbharat.org/Village_Details.aspx?ID=553969|title=Avis employeur cic – formulaire d'avis de l'employeur et demande de remboursement|date=27 January 2022}}</ref> with 655 males and 702 females. Out of the total population 883 people were literate.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|12|54|N|79|18|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Villages in Pudukkottai district]]

{{Pudukkottai-geo-stub}}