Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Perazhagi

2026-05-06T00:32:07Z

Manpreet23: adding the pg nd citations

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Perazhagi Colors Tamil Serial.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Melodrama]] [[Family]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Pon. Ilango
| screenplay = Pon. Ilango '''Dialogues''' Pon. Ilango
| director = S. Vaithi
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Gayathri Raj
* [[Viraat (actor, born 1989)|Viraat]]
* Manjula Paritala
* VJ Saravana Kumar
* Dipti sree
}}
| theme_music_composer = Paranitharan
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 493
| list_episodes =
| producer = K. Saravanan T.R.B Manonmani
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| cinematography =
| editor = Leno Subash
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode
| network = [[Colors Tamil]]
| company =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2018|02|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2019|12|21|df=y}}
| related = 
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}

'''Perazhagi''' is a 2018 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language soap opera which is directed by Pon Ilango and starring Gayathri, [[Viraat (actor, born 1989)|Viraat]], Dipti sree, VJ Saravana Kumar, Manjula Paritala, and Porkodi. It aired on [[Colors Tamil]] from 20 February 2018 – 21 December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cover365.in/colors-tamil-new-serials-shows-launches-february-20-4103/|title=Colors Tamil New serials and shows launches from February 20|publisher=www.cover365.in|access-date=2018-02-15|language=en|archive-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216204843/http://www.cover365.in/colors-tamil-new-serials-shows-launches-february-20-4103/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/120218/lending-colour-to-powerful-women.html|title=Perazhagi serial on Colors Tamil |date=12 February 2018 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=2018-02-14|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2018/apr/23/perazhagi-serial-crew--exclusive-interview-and-review-2906016.html|title=மெகா சீரியல் ரசனைக்கு புதுப்பாதை வகுத்துக் கொடுப்பாளா இந்தப் பேரழகி?|date=23 April 2018 |publisher=www.dinamani.com|access-date=2018-04-23|language=ta}}</ref> The story about young girl ''Pothum Ponnu'' explores the social impacts of skin colour.

==Synopsis==
Pothum Ponnu Childhood

A young girl called Pothum Ponnu (Played by Dipti Sree) is always jovial and smiling. However, people from her society dislike her due to her dark skin color and how short she is, bringing her self-esteem down and upsetting her. However, she overcomes this and tries to forget the negative comments. During these times, her mother Parvathy (Played by Porkodi) has always supported her.

Podhum Ponnu Present

Pothum Ponnu is now in Chennai due her to problems in her hometown. However, using this opportunity, she tries find work in Chennai. Unfortunately, she is not able to find work due to some problems . However, due to her uprising spirit, she was able to preserve herself to become an actress by overcoming the problems she faced which lead her to become the main heroine of the mega movie "Kaviya Thalaivi".

==Cast==
===Main===
* Gayathri Raj<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/comfortable-in-her-own-skin/article23932802.ece|title=Comfortable in her own skin|work=The Hindu|date=18 May 2018 |publisher=www.thehindu.com|access-date=2018-05-19|language=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reel-and-real-life-runs-parallel-for-perazhagi-actress-gayathri-raja/articleshow/63973711.cms|title=Audiences have accepted my skin tone, but the industry people|work=The Times of India|date=May 2018 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-05-01|language=}}</ref> as Pothum Ponnu / Kayal (Episode: 11 − present)
* Deepthi Sri <ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/diptisree.jp?_rdr=|title=Jp Dipti Sree|work=Facebook|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref> as Young Pothum Ponnu (Episode: 1 − 11)
* [[Viraat (actor, born 1989)|Viraat]] as Prithvi − Kayal's husband
* VJ Saravana Kumar as Karthick, Assistant Director; Kayal Best Friend, Sheela husband

===Recurring===
* [[C. Ranganathan]] as Paramashivam a.k.a. Shivam − Prithvi's car driver
*Manjula Paritala as Nethra (Main Antagonist)
*Sujatha Panju as Janaki − Prithvi's mother
* Geetha Ravishankar as Kamatchi − Prithvi's maternal aunt
* Ravishankar as Vishwanathan − Prithvi's maternal uncle; Janaki's brother; Kamatchi's husband
* Issac Varkees as Aaruchami − Kayal's father
* Porkodi as Parvathy − Kayal's mother
* Preethi Pritu as Kavitha − Kayal's younger sister
* Unknown as Prem Kumar − Kayal's younger brother-in-law; Kavitha's husband
* Hensha Deepan as Prem's sister
* [[Subbalakshmi]] as Vellaiamma − Kayal's paternal grandmother
* Tarun Master as Nagureddy − Film director
* Mithun as John − Nethra's arch-rival
* Keerthi Jai Dhanush as Sudha − An actress
* Unknown as Sheela − Junior actress
* Unknown as Shantha
* Indhu Ravichandran as Kalai − Kayal's childhood friend
* Sowmiya Ravindran as Vaani − Kayal's friend
* Unknown as Latha − Kayal's aunt
* Unknown as Saraswathi − Aaruchami's younger sister
* Gowri Jaanu as Maha − Aaruchami's elder sister

==Title song==
===Soundtrack===
{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Varam Tharum Ival (வரம் தரும் இவள்) Title Song
| lyrics1 = Paranitharan S. Vaithi
| extra1 =
| music1 = Paranitharan
| length1 = 2:00
| title2 = Kaakkai Siraginile (காக்கை சிறகினிலே)
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 =
| music2 =
| length2 = 2:20
| title3 = Veesum Kaatru (வீசும் காற்று)
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 =
| music3 =
| length3 =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/ColorsTvTamil/?hc_ref=ARRhCfmo0WdLDxKDoYDiYl1dw7WjjfZeVwPk3DiiidnIre4wEJ3Y0vBItzxfE30r1gc Colors Tamil Official Facebook] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWW46MxidmSoM5WvgGo21lA Colors Tamil Official Youtube Channel] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]

{{Colors Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language children's television series]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–New Delhi Superfast Express

2026-05-03T16:37:40Z

Manpreet23:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = D24E01
| name = Dr. Ambedkar Nagar - New Delhi ''Superfast'' Express
| logo =
| image = Ambedkar Nagar New Delhi SF.jpg
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| status = Active
| locale = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[New Delhi]]
| first = {{start date and age|2025|04|14|df=yes}}
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway (WCR)]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar}} '''(DADN)'''
| stops = 22
| end = {{stnlnk|New Delhi}} '''(NDLS)'''
| distance = {{convert|847|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12h 55m
| frequency = Daily
| trainnumber = 20155 / 20156
| class = AC 1st Class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| speed = {{convert|66|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
}}

The 20155 / 20156 '''Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–New Delhi Superfast Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Superfast express]] train belonging to [[West Central Railway zone|West Central railway zone]] that runs between [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar railway station|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar]] and [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last='Gupta' |first='Damini' |date=22 February 2023 |title=Cancelled Trains Today: रेलवे ने आज कैंसिल कीं 400 से ज्यादा ट्रेनें, 87 डायवर्ट, इन राज्यों के यात्रियों पर पड़ेगा असर |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last='Mondal' |first='Anish' |date=14 April 2025 |title=New Delhi to Dr Ambedkar Nagar Express to commence 1st commercial run today – Check train number, travel time, stoppages, timetable, ticket price |work=[[ET Now]] |pages=2}}</ref>

== Schedule ==
* 20155 - 3:30 PM (Daily) Dr. Ambedkar Nagar

* 20156 - 11:25 PM (Daily) New Delhi

== Routes and halts ==
The Important Halts of the train are :

* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar railway station|'''Dr. Ambedkar Nagar''']]

* [[Indore Junction Railway Station|Indore Junction]]

* [[Dewas Junction railway station|Dewas Junction]]

* [[Ujjain Junction railway station|Ujjain Junction]]

* [[Nagda Junction railway station|Nagda Junction]]

* [[Shamgarh railway station|Shamgarh]]

* [[Bhawani Mandi railway station|Bhawani Mandi]]

* [[Ramganj Mandi Junction railway station|Ramganj Mandi Junction]]

* [[Kota Junction railway station|Kota Junction]]

* [[Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station|Sawai Madhopur Junction]]

* [[Gangapur City Junction]]

* [[Bayana Junction railway station|Bayana Junction]]

* [[Bharatpur Junction railway station|Bharatpur Junction]]

* [[Mathura Junction railway station|Mathura Junction]]

* [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]

* [[New Delhi railway station|'''New Delhi''']]

== Traction ==
As the entire route is fully electrified it is hauled by a [[Tughlakabad railway station|Tuglakabad]] Loco Shed-based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] electric locomotive from [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar railway station|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar]] to [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] and vice versa.

== Rake Reversal/Share ==
The Train will reverse 1 time

# [[Nagda Junction railway station|Nagda Junction]]

The train will rake sharing with [[Shaan-e-Bhopal Express]] (12155/12156).

== See also ==
=== Trains from [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar railway station|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar]] ===
* [[Rewa–Dr. Ambedkar Nagar Express]]
* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–Kamakhya Weekly Express]]
* [[Malwa Express]]
* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–Bhopal Intercity Express]]
* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–Prayagraj Express]]

=== Trains from [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] ===
* [[Lucknow–New Delhi AC Superfast Express]]
* [[New Delhi–Ludhiana Shatabdi Express]]
* [[New Delhi–Varanasi Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Sealdah Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Uttar Sampark Kranti Express]]

== Notes ==
a. Runs daily in a week with both directions.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-New Delhi Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2025]]

Vennela Kishore

2026-05-01T03:33:26Z

Manpreet23: created new stub

{{short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vennela Kishore
| image = Vennela Kishore.jpg
| birth_name = Bokkala Kishore Kumar<ref name=":0" />
| caption = Kishore at a shoot in [[Valencia|València]], 2016
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|09|19}}<ref name=":0" />
| birth_place = [[Kamareddy]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now in [[Telangana]]), India<ref name="tt" />
| alma_mater = [[Ferris State University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|director|comedian}}
| yearsactive = 2005–present
| works = [[Vennela Kishore filmography|Full list]]
}}

'''Bokkala Kishore Kumar''' (born 19 September 1980), known professionally as '''Vennela Kishore''', is an Indian actor and director who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. Known for his comedic roles, he earned the moniker "Vennela" after his first feature film ''[[Vennela]]'' (2005). He is a recipient of two [[Nandi Awards]].

== Early life ==
Kishore was born and brought up in [[Kamareddy]] of present-day [[Telangana]]. He moved to [[Hyderabad]] for graduation and then emigrated to the US for higher studies. Kishore completed his master's degree in [[Ferris State University]], [[Michigan]] and worked as a software engineer.<ref name="tt">{{Cite web|last=Tanmayi|first=Bhawana|date=23 September 2017|title='Vennela' Kishore's luck by chance|url=https://telanganatoday.com/vennela-kishores-luck-by-chance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319230844/https://telanganatoday.com/vennela-kishores-luck-by-chance|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
During his stay in the U.S., Kishore got an opportunity to work in [[Deva Katta]]'s directorial ''[[Vennela]]'' (2005) which marked his entry into the film industry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-09-18|title=Software professional turns comedian|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-vennela-kishore-the-rise-of-the-comedy-superstar/photostory/65859220.cms|access-date=2020-09-13|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011223437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-vennela-kishore-the-rise-of-the-comedy-superstar/photostory/65859220.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kishore received appreciation for his role in the film ''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham|DJ]]''.<ref name=":0" /> His other performances include ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'', ''[[Pilla Zamindar]]'', ''[[Daruvu]]'', ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]'', ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Badshah]]'', ''[[Doosukeltha]]'', ''[[Pandaga Chesko]]'', ''[[Goodachari]]'', ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'', ''[[Srimanthudu]]'', ''[[Bale Bale Magadivoy]]'', ''[[Ekkadiki Pothavu Chinnavada]]'', and ''[[Ami Thumi]]''. He also directed two films (''[[Vennela 1½]]'', and [[Jaffa (Telugu film)|''Jaffa'']]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitramala.in/news/vennela-kishore-turns-director-126055.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729031219/http://www.chitramala.in/news/vennela-kishore-turns-director-126055.html |archive-date=2014-07-29 |title=Vennela Kishore turns director!|publisher=chitramala.in|date=30 June 2011|access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref> After tasting failure with his directorial projects, he has returned to acting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vennela Kishore to play a father|url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130926/entertainment-tollywood/article/vennela-kishore-play-father |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713134152/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130926/entertainment-tollywood/article/vennela-kishore-play-father |archive-date=2015-07-13 |date=16 September 2013|access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{{main|Vennela Kishore filmography}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of awards and nominations
|+
!Year
!Film
!Award
!Category
!Result
!class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2010
|''[[Inkosaari]]''
|[[Nandi Awards of 2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nandi Award for Best Male Comedian|Best Male Comedian]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|date=4 November 2008|title=Interview: Comedian 'Vennela Kishore' Interview with Kishore (Khadir of Vennela)|url=http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/kishore.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227095517/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/kishore.html|archive-date=27 February 2015|access-date=19 July 2014|publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2010|title=Interview with Kishore (Khadir of Vennela)|url=http://www.greatandhra.com/viewnews.php?id=24136&cat=1&scat=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040927/http://www.greatandhra.com/viewnews.php?id=24136&cat=1&scat=4 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |publisher=Greatandhra.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
| rowspan="3" |''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''
|[[Nandi Awards of 2015]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2015|url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2015.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011114155/https://www.apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2015.html|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=13 September 2020|website=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh|APFTVTDC]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Comedian
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=IIFA Utsavam: Mahesh Babu's Srimanthudu Won Six Awards - NDTV Movies|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/regional/iifa-utsavam-mahesh-babus-srimanthudu-won-six-awards-1270211|access-date=2020-09-13|website=NDTVMovies.com|language=en|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222013541/http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/iifa-utsavam-mahesh-babus-srimanthudu-won-six-awards-1270211|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian – Telugu]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=richabarua|date=2018-03-21|title=SIIMA 2016 Telugu winners list|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/siima-2016-telugu-winners-list|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011172101/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/siima-2016-telugu-winners-list|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Chi La Sow]]''
|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|{{NA}}
|[[17th Santosham Film Awards]]
|Santosham Allu Ramalingaiah Smarakam Award
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Movies|first=Rediff|date=2019-10-01|title=PIX: Shriya Saran adds glamour to an awards night|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/pix-shriya-saran-adds-glamour-to-an-awards-night/20191001.htm|website=Rediff|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128134107/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/pix-shriya-saran-adds-glamour-to-an-awards-night/20191001.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Meeku Maathrame Cheptha]]''
|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian – Telugu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|''[[Bheeshma (2020 film)|Bheeshma]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Manju Warrier, Suriya, others win at SIIMA Awards: Full list of winners|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warrier-suriya-others-win-siima-awards-full-list-winners-155560|website=The News Minute|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921174049/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warrier-suriya-others-win-siima-awards-full-list-winners-155560|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022
|''[[Rang De]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]''
|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=3808948}}
*{{Twitter|vennelakishore}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}
{{Nandi Award Best Male Comedian}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishore, Vennela}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:People from Nizamabad, Telangana]]
[[Category:Ferris State University alumni]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Deccan Peninsula

2026-04-26T15:12:55Z

Manpreet23: done - done

{{Short description|Plateau on the Indian Subcontinent}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox peninsulas
| name = Deccan Peninsula
| native_name = 
| native_name_link =
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| image_name = South_India_satellite.jpg
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| image_map_caption = Deccan Peninsula
| pushpin_map =
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| coordinates = {{Coord|15|N|77|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
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| grid_reference = 
| archipelago =
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| area_km2 = 1,900,000
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| country = [[India]]
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[States and union territories of India|States]]
| country_admin_divisions = {{hlist|[[Andhra Pradesh]]|[[Chhattisgarh]]|[[Goa]]|[[Gujarat]]|[[Karnataka]]|[[Kerala]]|[[Madhya Pradesh]]|[[Maharashtra]]|[[Odisha]]|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]|[[Tamil Nadu]]|[[Telangana]]}}
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The '''Deccan Peninsula''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɛ|k|ə|n}} {{respell|DEK|ən}} {{audio|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Sumxr-Deccan.wav||help=no}}) is a [[peninsula]] that extends over an area of {{cvt|1,900,000|km2}} and is one of the four distinct geographical sub-regions of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/physical-features.php|title=Physical features|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Brit">{{cite web|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Deccan/648210|title=Deccan|work=[[Britannica]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> It forms the southern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The [[Deccan plateau]] forms the bulk of the peninsula, and is contiguous with the [[Central Highlands (India)|Central Highlands]], which forms the northern part of the peninsula.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edurev.in/t/348841/NCERT-Summary-Peninsular-Plateau|title=Peninsular plateau|work=[[NCERT]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> It is bound by the [[Eastern Coastal Plains|Eastern]] and [[Western Coastal Plains]] on the sides.<ref name="Brit"/><ref name="Geo">{{cite book|title=A Social and Economic Atlas of India|year=1987|isbn=978-0-195-62041-2|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=2}}</ref> It stretches from the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli range]] in the northwest, and from the southern end of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] to the [[Indian Ocean]] in the south, while stretching from [[Bay of Bengal]] in the east to [[Arabian Sea]] in the west.<ref name="Geo"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Complete Geography|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]|author=Alex Everett Frye|page=72}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ascomycetes of Peninsular India|author=Alaka Pande|year=2008|isbn=978-9-388-81256-6|publisher= Scientific Publishers|page=11}}</ref> The mountain ranges of the [[Eastern Ghats]] and the [[Western Ghats]] separate the plateau region from the eastern and western coastal plains respectively.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=42501|title=Physiography of Water|date=9 September 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Population of India|publisher=Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations|year=1982|page=2}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Geography of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Natural regions of India]]

Prithviraj Tondaiman

2026-04-24T12:12:37Z

Manpreet23: adding a stub basic info

{{Short description|Indian sport shooter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{MedalTableTop}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Shooting sports|shooting]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Asian Shotgun Championships|2012 Patiala]]|Trap team}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|2023 Changwon]]|Mixed trap team}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 Asian Shotgun Championships|2016 Abu Dhabi]]|Trap team}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|Trap team}}
{{MedalSilver|2023 Changwon|Trap team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2015 Asian Shooting Championships|2015 Kuwait City]]|Trap team}}
{{MedalBottom}}
'''Prithviraj Tondaiman''' (born 6 June 1987) is an Indian [[Sport shooting|sport shooter]] from Tamil Nadu. He competes in the [[Trap shooting|trap]] discipline. He was a part of the Indian shooting team at the [[2022 Asian Games]], [[Hangzhou]], [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-24 |title=Indian shooters at Asian Games: Events, key dates, format and rules |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/38465705/indian-shooters-asian-games-hangzhou-2022-events-key-dates-format-rules-top-medal-contenders |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=ESPN |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928075353/https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/38465705/indian-shooters-asian-games-hangzhou-2022-events-key-dates-format-rules-top-medal-contenders |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Tondaiman is from [[Pudukkottai|Pukukkottai]], Tamil Nadu. His father Rajagopala Tondaiman is also a shooter and comes from a lineage of Maharaja of Pudukkottai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Gomesh |date=2024-07-21 |title=Tamil Nadu shooter Prithviraj set for Olympic debut |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2024/Jul/21/tamil-nadu-shooter-prithviraj-set-for-olympic-debut |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He completed his MBA at SRM Institute of Technology and Science, Vadapalani campus, in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=SRMIST Alumni Mr. Prithviraj Tondaiman Shines as World Champion! - SRMIST |url=https://www.srmist.edu.in/srmist-alumni-mr-prithviraj-tondaiman-shines-as-world-champion/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
In July 2023, he won the bronze medal in the men's trap event at the [[2023 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]] Shotgun in [[Lonato del Garda|Lonato]], [[Italy]]. He is the only Indian to ever get a medal at this event.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-07-17 |title=Shooting World Cup: Prithviraj Tondaiman wins bronze in men's trap event in Lonato |url=https://scroll.in/field/1052737/shooting-world-cup-prithviraj-tondaiman-wins-bronze-in-men-s-trap-event-in-lonato |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928050935/https://scroll.in/field/1052737/shooting-world-cup-prithviraj-tondaiman-wins-bronze-in-men-s-trap-event-in-lonato |url-status=live }}</ref> Earlier, in March 2023, he also won a bronze at the ISSF Shotgun World Cup at [[Doha]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-11 |title=Prithviraj Tondaiman wins maiden individual World Cup medal |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/prithviraj-tondaiman-wins-maiden-individual-world-cup-medal/articleshow/98570555.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{ISSF|SHINDM0606198701}}
* {{Olympics.com|prithviraj-tondaiman}}
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/prithviraj-tondaiman_1538078 Prithviraj Tondaiman] at the [[Paris 2024 Summer Olympics]]
* {{2022 Asian Games profile|shooting/athlete-profile-n2001583-tondaiman-prithviraj}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tondaiman, Prithviraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games shooters for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in shooting]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Thiagarajan Kumararaja

2026-04-21T06:20:22Z

Manpreet23: created a bio

{{Short description|none}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thiagarajan Kumararaja
| image = Achromatic_Love_%F0%9F%A9%B6_(1).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Thiagarajan Kumararaja at the Short Film competition in 2025
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|11|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Madras (now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| alma_mater = Loyola College, Chennai
| occupation = Film director, screenwriter, producer, and ad director
| years_active = 2008–present
| known_for =
| parents =
}}

'''Thiagarajan Kumararaja''' is an Indian film director and screenwriter. He made his feature film debut with the critically acclaimed [[neo-noir]] [[Gangster film|gangster]] film ''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]'' (2011), which earned him the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] at the [[59th National Film Awards]].

==Career==
Kumararaja enrolled for a [[Visual Communications]] course at the [[Loyola College, Chennai]], but dropped out shortly after to make films. Kumararaja cited that it was composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]]'s music that animated him to come to films and to study Visual Communications in the first place.<ref name="rediff1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-aaranya-kaandam-is-a-story-of-gangsters/20110609.htm |title=Aaranya Kaandam: A day in a gangster's life |publisher=Rediff |date=9 June 2011 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> However, he discontinued his studies in 1998 and started to work as a freelance copywriter and photographer for a while.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|author=Sudhish Kamath |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1158882.ece |title=A new chapter |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 February 2011 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dearcinema.com/interview/no-south-indian-actor-was-ready-to-play-an-impotent-don-kumararaja-aaranya-kaandam-director/0859#.T65DVcWo3tk |title=No South Indian actor was ready to play an impotent don: Kumararaja, Aaranya Kaandam director |publisher=DearCinema.com |date=4 August 2011 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> He went on to shoot advertisement films and also directed a five-part documentary on South Indian Temples, ''Sthala Puranam'' for [[Vijay TV]].<ref name="thehindu1" /> In 2005, he participated at the one-minute film competition ''60 Seconds to Fame'' by Ability Foundation, aiming for the prize money.<ref name="thehindu1" /> His short film ''Becky'' was awarded the first prize at the Ability Fest 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abilityfoundation.org/ability_fest_2005.html# |title=Ability Fest 2005 |publisher=Ability Foundation |date= |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> Kumararaja then collaborated with [[Pushkar-Gayathri]], writing the dialogue of their directorial debut ''[[Oram Po]]'' (2007).<ref name="thehindu1" /> He also wrote song lyrics for their second project ''[[Va (film)|Va]]'' (2010) as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-music-review-va-quarter-cutting/20100913.htm |title=Va Quarter Cutting music is worth a listen |publisher=Rediff |date=13 September 2010 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> Through Pushkar-Gayathri, Kumararaja met [[S. P. B. Charan]], who agreed to produce his first feature film ''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]''.{{fact|date=February 2025}}

Kumararaja began writing his maiden film in December 2006.<ref name="thehindu1"/> Although he had wanted to make a "racy film" – he wrote the climax part first, before going on to add multiple storylines – he said that the film had eventually turned out to be a "leisurely paced film, taking its own time to unfold".<ref name="rediff1"/> Kumararaja met Charan in January 2007 and narrated him the script for two hours.<ref name="thehindu1"/> Filming was supposed to commence by late 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/32677.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824142743/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/32677.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 August 2007 |title=SPB Charan's new gambit|website=IndiaGlitz |date=31 July 2007 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/25102007-5.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027025137/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/25102007-5.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 October 2007 |title=Dailynews – SPB Charan's 'Aranya Kaandam' |publisher=Cinesouth |date=25 October 2007 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> but Charan opted to produce another film first. ''Aaranya Kaandam'' was launched in December 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/17033.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153936/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/17033.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title=Events – 'Aaranya Kaandam' Movie Launch |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=18 December 2008 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> starring [[Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1983)|Ravi Krishna]] and [[Sampath Raj]], with Bollywood actor [[Jackie Shroff]], who was being introduced to Tamil films. Kumararaja took more than one and a half years to complete the film, which was entirely shot in and around Chennai.<ref>{{cite web|author=V Lakshmi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kumar-Raja-tells-all/articleshow/4011366.cms |title=Kumar Raja tells all|date=22 January 2009 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> Upon completion, the film ran into trouble when the regional [[Central Board of Film Certification|censor board]] in Chennai refused to clear it, demanding 52 cuts due to profanity and excessive violence.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bijoy Bharathan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-08/news-interviews/28541001_1_film-audiences-thiagarajan-kumararaja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910203427/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-08/news-interviews/28541001_1_film-audiences-thiagarajan-kumararaja |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2012 |title=Thiagarajan: Caught in the crossfire|date=8 February 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> Kumararaja expressed that he made the film for a matured audience and not for children,<ref>{{cite web|author=Sreedhar Pillai|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Censor-Borad-butchered-Aaranya-Kaandam/articleshow/7360204.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323190137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/news-interviews/28375516_1_film-thiagarajan-kumararaja-major-international-award |url-status=live |archive-date=23 March 2012 |title=Censor Board butchered Aaranya Kaandam|date=26 January 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> while adding that he expected difficulties in the censorship. Since he wanted to present the film uncompromisingly to the audiences, he and Charan approached the Central Tribunal at Delhi,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-spb-charan/20110301.htm |title='I have no problem with the 'A' certificate' |publisher=Rediff |date=1 March 2011 |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> that cleared the film. Dubbed as the first [[neo-noir]] film in Tamil cinema,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aaranya-kaandam-review-tamil-14971928.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725114739/http://www.sify.com/movies/aaranya-kaandam-review-tamil-14971928.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2014 |title=Movie Review : Aaranya Kaandam |website=[[Sify]] |date= |accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> ''Aaranya Kaandam'' opened to strong critical acclaim, winning the Grand Jury Award for Best Film at the 2010 South Asian International Film Festival,<ref name="Award"/> and two prizes at the [[59th National Film Awards]], including the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] for Kumararaja.<ref name="Award">{{cite web|author=V Lakshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Aaranya-Kaandam-wins-best-movie-award/articleshow/6865839.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105154011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/news-interviews/28270720_1_aaranya-kaandam-production-unit-film |url-status=live |archive-date=5 November 2012 |title=Aaranya Kaandam wins best movie award|date=4 November 2010 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 August 2013}}</ref>

In 2015, he was involved as a script consultant for the Tamil film ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'', which was co-written and directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]].<ref name="YennaiArindhalCredit">{{cite news|author=Udhav Naig |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/gautham-menon-hires-script-consultants/article6844070.ece |title=Gautham Menon hires script consultants |newspaper=The Hindu |date=1 February 2015 |accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
|+As director
!Year !!Title !!Director !!Writer !!Producer !!Notes
|-
|2011
|''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Modern Love Chennai]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Creative}}
|Web series; Episode 6 - "Ninaivo Oru Paravai"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hymavati |first1=Ravali |title=Modern Love Chennai: This Thiagarajan Kumararaja's Web Series Will Premier On Amazon Prime From This Date |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/modern-love-chennai-this-thiagarajan-kumararajas-web-series-will-premier-on-amazon-prime-from-this-date-796461 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=17 May 2023 |language=en |date=8 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''Pocket Novel''
|{{yes}}
|{{No}}
|Yes
|
|}

=== As writer and lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Writer !! Lyricist!! Notes
|-
|2007
|''[[Oram Po]]''
| {{Partial|Dialogue}} || {{yes}} || for the "Oram Po Theme"
|-
|2010
|''[[Va (film)|Va]]''
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || for all songs except "Saudi Basha"
|-
|2015
|''[[X: Past Is Present]]''
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || for the segment "Summer Holiday"{{refn|While the anthology features segments made in Hindi and English, his segment was made in Tamil.|group=Note}}
|-
|2018
|''[[Seethakaathi]]''
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || for the song "Ayya"
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Film
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
|''Becky''
|60 Seconds to Fame
|One-minute film
|{{won|first prize}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2008|title=From the States|url=http://www.disabilityindia.org/djstatesjuly05D.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120091626/http://www.disabilityindia.org/djstatesjuly05D.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 November 2008|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=5|''[[Aaranya Kandam]]''
|[[59th National Film Awards]]
|[[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Best Debut Film of a Director]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[6th Vijay Awards]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name="Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82978.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620195003/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82978.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 June 2012 | title=6th Annual Vijay Awards | work=India Glitz | date=9 June 2012 | access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2012/ajith-vikram-vijay-awards-096600.html|title = Vijay Awards 2012 winners|date = 18 June 2012|access-date = 1 March 2021|archive-date = 27 October 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121027095349/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2012/ajith-vikram-vijay-awards-096600.html|url-status = live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Story, Screenplay Writer|Best Story, Screenplay Writer]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|Best Screenplay Writer
|{{won}}
|
|-
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan=11|''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]''
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
|Best Director
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-gully-boy-lead-nominations-at-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-awards-2019-7011791.html|title=Andhadhun, Gully Boy lead nominations at Indian Film Festival of Melbourne Awards 2019|website=Firstpost|date=17 July 2019|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Equality in Cinema (Honorary Award)
|{{won}}
|-
| [[9th AACTA Awards]]
| Best Asian Film
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aacta.org/connect/nominees-for-the-2019-aacta-award-for-best-asian-film-announced/|title=Nominees for the 2019 AACTA Award for Best Asian Film Announced|website=Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts|date=15 October 2019|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201050421/https://www.aacta.org/connect/nominees-for-the-2019-aacta-award-for-best-asian-film-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|Best Screenplay
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/taapsee-pannu-shares-heartfelt-post-after-winning-best-actor-for-game-over-at-vikatan-awards-2019-578851|title=The prestigious awards of the South-- Vikatan Awards 2019|website=India TV|date=12 January 2020|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
|Best Director
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edisonawards.in/teaawards/more_1.php?page1=1|title=Edison Awards 2020 nominations|website=Edison Awards|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131528/http://edisonawards.in/teaawards/more_1.php?page1=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flickstatus.com/tamil/celebraties-at-edison-awards-2020.html|title=Edison Awards 2020 Winners|website=Flickstatus|date=14 January 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=4|Critics Choice Film Awards
|Best Movie of the Year
|{{won}}
|rowspan=4|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/super-deluxe/|title=Review — Super Deluxe|website=Film Critics Circle|date=28 March 2020|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Best Film - Tamil
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Director - Tamil
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Writing - Tamil
|{{won}}
|-
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Director
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=3586222}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumararaja, Thiagarajan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Director whose film won the Best Debut Feature Film National Film Award]]

Andaman Tamils

2026-04-16T05:17:34Z

Manpreet23: new

{{Short description|People of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
[[File:Andaman nicobar 76.jpg|thumb|Detailed map of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

The '''Andaman Tamils''' are [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-speaking people of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], commonly known as the [[Madrasi]] (after Madras, erstwhile name of [[Chennai]]). There are three groups. The first are those who migrated from Tamil Nadu in search of livelihood and are found in almost all the islands where human beings are settled. The second are Tamil-speaking repatriates from [[Myanmar]] who migrated after the military junta came to power in the then Burma. The third group are Tamil-speaking repatriates from [[Sri Lanka]] who migrated after ethnic clashes began there. The population of the first group is largest and is still swelling as the migration continues.

Andaman Tamils speak Tamil at home and use [[Tamil script]] when writing. With non-Tamils, they speak in a sort of local Hindi, often referred to as [[Andaman Creole Hindi|Andaman Hindi]]. Educated Tamils speak in English too. Most Andaman Tamils enjoy privileges under the category of "local" residents. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have about 100,000 Tamils.

==Chola empire==
[[File:Chola Empire map2.png|thumb|left|upright=0.8|The [[Cholas]] used the islands as a [[naval base]] in 11th century CE to launch attacks in [[South East Asia]]]]

In the 11th century CE, [[Rajendra Chola I]] of the [[Chola dynasty]] of [[Tamilakam]] invaded parts of South East Asia using the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] as an intermediate naval base.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hultzsch |first=E. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.79603/page/n115/mode/2up?view=theater |title=South Indian Inscriptions: Tamil Inscriptions of Rajaraja, Rajendra Chola and Others in the Rajarajesvara Temple at Tanjavur |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |year=1991 |volume=2 |location=Chennai |pages=109 |language=Tamil |chapter=Inscriptions on the walls of the central shrine |author-link=E. Hultzsch |access-date=21 September 2022 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nilakanta Sastri |first=K. A. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n229/mode/2up?view=theater |title=The Cholas |publisher=G. S. Press |year=1955 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |pages=211–213 |chapter=Rajendra– (A.D. 1012–1044) |author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri}}</ref> It was part of an established Chola trade route connecting India and South East Asia, with the practice continuing in the subsequent years during the reigns of [[Rajendra II]] and [[Kulothunga I]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Between 2 Oceans (2nd Edn): A Military History of Singapore from 1275 to 1971 |first=Malcolm H. |last=Murfett |page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Asia: A Concise History |first=Arthur |last=Cotterell |page=190}}</ref> Chola inscriptions from [[Thanjavur]], dated to 1050 CE, describe the islands as ''Ma-Nakkavaram'' meaning "great open/naked land" in Tamil.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Government of India |year=1908 |title=The Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Local Gazetteer |page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdès |first=George |author-link=George Cœdès |date=1918 |title=Le Royaume De Srivijaya |trans-title=The Kingdom of Srivijaya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43729861 |journal=Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient |language=French |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=6 |doi=10.3406/befeo.1918.5894 |jstor=43729861 |url-access=registration |access-date=21 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920195311/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43729861 |url-status=live}}</ref> The islands are later mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century CE and [[Odoric of Pordenone|Friar Oderic]] in early 14th century CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yule |first1=Henry |title=Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive |title-link=Hobson-Jobson |last2=Burnell |first2=Arthur Coke |publisher=J. Murray |year=1903 |volume=1 |location=London |pages=624–625 |chapter=Nicobar Islands |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA624 |access-date=18 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164807/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA624 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Census==
According to the information furnished by the Andaman and Nicobar Administration, the population of different linguistic groups recorded in the census of 1971 was as under:<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2161/1/lsd_06_07_12-03-1979.pdf#page=43
|title=Lok Sabha Debates (Seventh Session)
|volume=23
|chapter=Written Answers to Questions: Tamil Medium Schools in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|pages=80–81
|year=1979
|issue=16
|publisher=[[Lok Sabha Secretariat]]
|access-date=2021-07-18
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518043810/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2161/1/lsd_06_07_12-03-1979.pdf
|archive-date=2019-05-18
}}</ref>
{{Div col|small=yes}}
* Bengali 28114
* Nicobarese 17955
* Tamil 14518
* Hindi 13982
* Malayalam 13916
* Telugu 9361
* Urdu 2588
* Punjabi 1024
* Oriya 250
* Kannada 201
* Marathi 115
* Gujarati 159
* Assamese 17
* Sindhi 7
* Kashmiri 8
* Others 12918
{{Div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Andamanese peoples]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Andaman Islands}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034922/http://www.andamantravelagent.com/about-andaman History & Culture. The Andaman Islands with destination quide]
* India Home Department. The Andaman Islands: with notes on Barren Island. C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press, 1859 [https://books.google.com/books?id=E0xFAAAAYAAJ&q=Andaman+islands read online or download]

==External links==
{{Wiktionary-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181213232827/http://www.and.nic.in/ Official Andaman and Nicobar Tourism website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204190748/http://andamandt.nic.in/ Official Andaman District website]

{{Portal bar|India|Tamils}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Tamils]]

K. T. Elayakannu

2026-04-07T21:32:48Z

Manpreet23: created entry

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. T. Elayakannu
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1965|2|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = Pulithikuttai
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)-Tamil Nadu.
| constituency1 = [[Yercaud Assembly constituency|Yercaud]]
| term_start1 = 2001
| term_end1 = 2006
| predecessor1 = [[V. Perumal]]
| successor1 = [[C. Tamilselvan]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Farmer
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}
'''K. T. Elayakannu''' is an [[Indian politician]] and a former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He hails from the Thumba region in the [[Salem district]]. A graduate with a bachelor's degree, Elayakannu belongs to the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the [[Yercaud Assembly constituency]] in the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] state elections.<ref>{{cite web | title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Yercaud Assembly Constituency | website=Elections in India | date=2016-05-13 | url=https://www.elections.in/tamil-nadu/assembly-constituencies/yercaud.html | access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref><ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001. Chennai-600009: Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009. April 2002. p. 253-254.</ref>

==Electoral Performance==
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Yercaud<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. T. Elayakannu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,319 |percentage=64.35% |change=+30.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Govindan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,334 |percentage=30.35% |change=+29.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vadivel |party=Independent politician |votes=2,483 |percentage=2.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sampathkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=856 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Dhannalakshmi |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=847 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,985 |percentage=34.00% |change= 23.12% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,950 |percentage=61.10% |change= -2.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,608 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 19.20% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Shiv Sena (2022–present)

2026-04-03T16:45:32Z

Manpreet23:

{{Short description|Political party in Maharashtra, India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Shiv Sena
|native_name = 
|logo = Logo of Shiv Sena.svg
|colorcode = {{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|abbreviation = SHS
|split = [[Shiv Sena|Shiv Sena]] of [[Bal Thackeray|''Bal Thackeray'']]
|headquarters= Anand Ashram, [[Thane]], [[Thane district]], [[Maharashtra]], India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/articleshow/98192664.cms|first1=Manoj|last1=Badgeri|first2=Chaitanya|last2=Marpakwar|date=24 February 2023|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=Anand Dighe's Thane residence now Shiv Sena central office}}</ref>
|loksabha_leader = [[Shrikant Shinde]]
|ppchairman = [[Shrirang Barne]]
|rajyasabha_leader = [[Milind Deora]]
|leader = [[Eknath Shinde]]<ref name=K>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shinde-chairs-shiv-senas-first-national-executive-meeting-seeks-bharat-ratna-for-savarkar/article66537902.ece|title=Eknath Shinde to remain Shiv Sena's chief leader|first=Abhinay|last=Deshpande|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 February 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|chairperson = [[Eknath Shinde]]
|foundation = 2022

|founder = [[Eknath Shinde]] {{small|(present incarnation)}}
|ideology = {{nowrap|[[Conservatism]] ([[Conservatism in India|Indian]])<ref name="SS1">—{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/like-mann-ki-baat-and-chai-pe-charcha-shiv-sena-starts-branding-its-public-interactions/280119/|title=Like Mann Ki Baat and Chai Pe Charcha, Shiv Sena starts branding its public interactions|date=22 August 2019|publisher=[[ThePrint]]|access-date=16 February 2020|quote=...the usually-conservative Shiv Sena has now moved to give itself a branding twist with events like 'Aaditya Samvad','Friends of Aaditya' and 'Mauli Samvad' — with a bit of advice from poll strategist Prashant Kishor.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216124516/https://theprint.in/politics/like-mann-ki-baat-and-chai-pe-charcha-shiv-sena-starts-branding-its-public-interactions/280119/|archive-date=16 February 2020|url-status=dead}} —{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/no-chance-for-young-blood-shiv-sena-has-bet-on-ageing-war-horses-say-analysts/articleshow/68543562.cms|title=No chance for young blood? Shiv Sena has bet on ageing war horses, say analysts|date=24 March 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 February 2020|quote=Renominations for leaders like Chandrakant Khaire, Bhavna Gawli, Anandrao Adsul and Union minister Anant Gite for the Lok Sabha elections reflect the Shiv Sena's conservative mindset, they added}} —{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/magazine/the-slumdog-millionaire-architect.html|title=The Slumdog Millionaire Architect|date=19 June 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=16 February 2020|quote=In 1995, when the conservative Shiv Sena Party took power in elections in Maharashtra state (Mumbai is its capital)...}}</ref> [[Social conservatism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Financial Times]]|title=Mumbai on high alert after politician dies|date=17 November 2012|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ee4d2c58-30d5-11e2-a11a-00144feabdc0|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ee4d2c58-30d5-11e2-a11a-00144feabdc0|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]] [[Hindutva]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena|first=Vaibhav|last=Purandare|year=2014|publisher=Roli Books}}</ref> [[Hindu nationalism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Arab News]]|title=India's ultra-right Shiv Sena party forms coalition government with seculars|date=26 November 2019|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1591041/world|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129202915/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1591041/world|archive-date=29 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ultranationalism]]<ref name="SS2"> — {{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/257394.stm|title=South Asia | Indian cricket offices attacked |work=BBC News|date=1999-01-18|access-date=2015-12-02}} —{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/406405.stm|title=South Asia | Poll ban for Hindu leader|work=BBC News|date=1999-07-28|access-date=2015-12-02}} —{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/259676.stm|title=South Asia | Hindu activists call off cricket protest|work=BBC News|date=1999-01-21|access-date=2015-12-02}} —{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/mistry-defends-book-dropped-at-mumbai-university-1.891373|title=Mistry defends book dropped at Mumbai University – Arts & Entertainment – CBC News|publisher=Cbc.ca|date=2010-10-19|access-date=2015-12-02}} —{{cite web|date=8 March 2012|author=Mark Magnier|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-mar-08-la-fg-india-temple-20120309-story.html|title=In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches – latimes|access-date=2015-12-02}}</ref><ref name="Joshi, R. 1970">Joshi, R. (1970). The Shiv Sena: A Movement in Search of Legitimacy. [[Asian Survey]], 10(11), 967–978. {{doi|10.2307/2642817}}</ref><ref>Morkhandikar, R. S. (1967). The Shiv Sena—An Eruption of Sub-Nationalism. [[Economic and Political Weekly]], 2(42), 1903–1906. {{JSTOR|24478083}}</ref> [[Economic nationalism]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Sunila|last=Kale|title=Electrifying India: Regional Political Economies of Development|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=2014|page=94}}</ref> [[Right-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Comparative Political Thought|publisher=Routledge|first=Michael|last=Freesden|year=2013|page=82}}</ref>}}
|alliance = [[Maha Yuti]] (Maharashtra) [[National Democratic Alliance]] (national)
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shades of orange|Orange]]
|position = [[Right wing]] to [[far-right politics|far-right]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/victory-for-hindutva-ideology-of-balasaheb-thackeray-maha-cm-eknath-shinde-122070100221_1.html|title=Victory for Hindutva ideology of Balasaheb Thackeray|date=July 2022 }}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://shivsenacentraloffice.com/}}
|symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow2.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert|150px]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|7|543|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|245|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}}
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state2_seats = {{hidden
|List
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center; |{{Composition bar|57|288|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} ([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]])
{{Composition bar|2|200|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} ([[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]) }}
| state_seats_name = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|6|78|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}}
|flag =
|eci = State Party
|party_logo =
|youth = Yuva Sena
|students = Bharatiya Vidyarthi Sena (BVS)
|women = Shiv Sena Mahila Aghadi
}}

'''Shiv Sena''' ({{translit|mr|IAST|Śhiva Sēnā}}; {{Literal translation|Army of [[Shivaji]]}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''SHS''') is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Hindutva]] political party in India, primarily based in the state of [[Maharashtra]].

Formed by a split in 2022 of [[Shiv Sena]], the party has been led by [[Eknath Shinde]], who was recognised by the [[Election Commission of India]] as the leader of the original [[Shiv Sena]].<ref name="eci2023">{{cite news |title=Eknath Shinde's faction is the real Shiv Sena: Election Commission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/eci-recognises-eknath-shinde-led-faction-as-real-shiv-sena/article66522607.ece |work=The Hindu |date=17 February 2023}}</ref> The Shinde-led faction retained the party's traditional name and the iconic bow and arrow symbol,<ref>{{cite news|title=Eknath Sinde faction gets Shiv Sena party name, bow and arrow symbol|url=https://telanganatoday.com/eknath-shinde-faction-gets-shiv-sena-party-name-bow-and-arrow-symbol|work=Telangana Today}}</ref> and currently forms the government in Maharashtra in alliance with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite news |title=Shinde takes oath as Maharashtra CM, Fadnavis as deputy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/eknath-shinde-maharashtra-cm-oath-ceremony-devendra-fadnavis-deputy-cm-1970020-2022-06-30 |work=India Today |date=30 June 2022}}</ref> The party continues to position itself as the true ideological successor to Bal Thackeray’s legacy.<ref name="eci2023" />

== Formation ==
[[Shiv Sena]] was founded on 19 June 1966 by [[Bal Thackeray]], initially as a movement to promote the interests of the [[Marathi people]] in [[Mumbai]] and Maharashtra.<ref name="bbc1966">{{cite news |date=21 December 2019 |title=Shiv Sena: India's firebrand political party |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50877909 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Over time, the party expanded its ideology to include [[Hindutva]] and Hindu nationalism.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780691088424}}</ref>

Balasahebanchi Shivsena was formed after a split in the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] party due to an uprising led by [[Eknath Shinde]], who had the support of the majority of the party's [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]]. The split was caused by Shinde's disagreement with [[Uddhav Thackeray]]'s decision to continue with the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] coalition, despite Shinde and the majority of the party's MLAs requesting a break from the coalition. The split led to both factions claiming ownership of Shiv Sena. The [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] intervened and asked both factions to come up with new party names until the issue was resolved, resulting in the formation of Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena. Meanwhile, Uddhav Thackeray formed his faction as [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phadke |first=Manasi |date=2023-01-23 |title=Shiv Sena factions clamour for party legacy on founder Balasaheb Thackeray's 97th birthday |url=https://theprint.in/politics/shiv-sena-factions-clamour-for-party-legacy-on-founder-balasaheb-thackerays-97th-birthday/1330476/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Indian Election Symbol Two Swords and Shield.png|thumb|Symbol used in 2022 municipal polls]]
Shinde subsequently filed a petition with the [[Election Commission of India]] staking his claim to the 'Shiv Sena' name and the Bow and Arrow symbol. The ECI ruled in favour of Shinde's faction based on the strength of its legislative wing, rather than on the organizational wing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uddhav Thackeray Loses Name, Symbol Of Shiv Sena Founded By Father |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/eknath-shinde-faction-gets-shiv-senas-bow-and-arrow-poll-symbol-3791900 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Debayan |date=22 February 2023 |title=Supreme Court declines to stay EC order recognising Eknath Shinde faction as Shiv Sena; allows Thackeray to use 'flaming torch' for bye-polls |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-declines-stay-ec-order-recognsining-eknath-shinde-faction-shiv-sena-allows-thackeray-use-flaming-torch-bye-polls |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite news |date=2023-02-17 |title=Eknath Shinde faction gets Shiv Sena name, symbol |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/eknath-shinde-faction-recognised-as-real-shiv-sena-allotted-bow-and-arrow-symbol/article66521586.ece |access-date=2023-02-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Thackeray appealed against the decision, and the case is currently pending in the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2023-02-21 |title=Supreme Court to hear Uddhav Thackeray faction's plea against Election Commission decision tomorrow |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-uddhav-thackeray-faction-plea-against-election-commission-decision-february-22-latest-updates-eknath-shinde-symbol-rift-2023-02-21-849004 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 17 July 2025, the [[Republican Sena]], led by Anandraj Ambedkar, and Shiv Sena, led by [[Eknath Shinde]], formed a political alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=यादव |first=पंकज |date=2025-07-17 |title=कौन हैं आनंदराज आंबेडकर? जिनकी पार्टी का हुआ एकनाथ शिंदे की शिवसेना से गठबंधन |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/maharashtra/who-is-anandraj-ambedkar-republican-sena-alliance-with-eknath-shinde-shiv-sena-2980785 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref>

==Headquarters==
Shiva Sena's headquarters and main office is situated at [[Anand Dighe]]'s house in [[Thane]]. Dighe was the mentor of Shiva Sena ''Mukhy neta'' (Main leader) [[Eknath Shinde]]. On 24 February 2023, the headquarters was founded, relocating from Shivsena ''Bhavan'' after Shinde split from the party;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anand Dighe's Thane residence now Shiv Sena central office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/articleshow/98192664.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224162324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/anand-dighes-thane-residence-now-shiv-sena-central-office/articleshow/98192664.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2023 |website=TOI |access-date=28 September 2023 }}</ref> while Thackeray retained control over Shivsena ''Bhavan''.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

===[[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Ministers]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |Portrait
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |Name
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |Constituency
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |From
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" |To
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|center|75px]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|[[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi]]
|30 June 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Political Crisis Live Updates: Eknath Shinde to be new Maharashtra CM, Fadnavis to stay out of govt|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/maharashtra-political-crisis-breaking-news-updates-devendra-fadnavis-uddhav-thackeray-eknath-shinde-governor-bhagat-singh-koshyari-floor-test-sanjay-raut-shiv-sena-bjp-2479640 | publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date= 30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>
|5 December 2024
|{{Ayd|2022|06|30|2024|12|05}}
|}
===[[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Ministers]]===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Portrait
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Name
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Constituency
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |From
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |To
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Duration
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white" |Chief Minister
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|center|75px]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|[[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi]]
|5 December 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Ayd|2024|12|05}}
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|}

==List of Union Ministers==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|No.
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Photo
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Portfolio
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Name (Lifespan)
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Assumed office
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Left office
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Duration
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|Constituency (House)
!rowspan=2 colspan=2 Style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"|[[Prime Minister of India|{{white|Prime Minister}}]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|1
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Shri Jadhav Prataprao Ganpatrao being welcomed on her arrival for assumption of charge as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Ayush (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ministry of Ayush|Minister of AYUSH]]''' '''[{{abbr|MoS(I/C)|Minister of State (Independent Charge)}}''']
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav]]''' (born 1960)
|rowspan="2"|10 June 2024
|rowspan="2"|''Incumbent''
|rowspan="2"|{{ayd|2024|6|10}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]] ([[Lok Sabha]])
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
|rowspan="2" {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|'''[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health & Family Welfare]]''' '''({{abbr|MoS|Minister of State}})'''
|}
== Leaders ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of leaders of Shiv Sena
|-
!style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | No.
!style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Name
!style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Photo
!style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Designation
|-
|1
|'''{{sortname|Eknath|Shinde|Eknath Shinde}}'''
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75x75px]]
|{{br list | '''Founder and National President''' | [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]}},
Former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]],
Leader [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|2
|'''{{sortname|Shrikant|Shinde}}'''
|
|Leader, [[Lok Sabha]]
|-
|3
|'''{{sortname|Shrirang|Barne}}'''
|
|Parliamentary Chairperson, [[Lok Sabha]]
|-
|4
|'''{{sortname|Milind|Deora}}'''
|[[File:Milind_Deora.JPG|75x75px]]
|Leader, [[Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|5
| '''{{sortname|Viplav|Bajoria}}'''
|
|Leader, [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
|-
|}

=== List of Lok Sabha members ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Name
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Constituency
|-
|1
|[[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav]]
|[[Buldhana Lok Sabha constituency|Buldhana]]
|-
|2
|[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
|[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]]
|-
|3
|[[Shrikant Shinde]]
|[[Kalyan Lok Sabha constituency|Kalyan]]
|-
|4
|[[Naresh Mhaske]]
|[[Thane Lok Sabha constituency|Thane]]
|-
|5
|[[Ravindra Waikar]]
|[[Mumbai North West Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North West]]
|-
|6
|[[Shrirang Barne]]
|[[Maval Lok Sabha constituency|Maval]]
|-
|7
|[[Dhairyasheel Sambhajirao Mane]]
|[[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency|Hatkanangle]]
|}
=== List of Rajya Sabha members ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | No.
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Name
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Date of appointment
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}; color:white" | Date of retirement
|-
|1
|[[Milind Deora]]
|5 July 2024
|4 July 2030
|}

== Electoral performance ==
The first face off between Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena and [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] was in 2022 [[Gram panchayat|Maharashtra Gram Panchayat Polls]] where [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] won 257 [[gram panchayat]] seats while [[National Democratic Alliance|Mahayuti]] won 497 seats. The Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) won 53 seats and Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena won 170 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/maharashtra/story/maharashtra-gram-panchayat-poll-results-sharad-pawar-uddhav-thackeray-eknath-shinde-bjp-mva-2286840-2022-10-18|title=BJP single-largest party in Maharashta gram panchayat polls, but MVA trumps BJP-Shinde alliance|website=India Today|date=18 October 2022 }}</ref> The first major contest occurred in the [[2024 Lok Sabha election]], where the party rechristened as the Shiv Sena after being granted the symbol by the ECI secured 7 seats leading to a loss of 6 seats while Shiv Sena (UBT) won 9 gaining 4, since the party had split.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} In the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], the party won 57 seats, gaining 19 seats, nearly 3 times of SS UBT.

===Indian General Election results (In Maharashtra)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Year
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Party leader
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Seats won/ Seats contested
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Change in Seats
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Voteshare (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| +/- (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Popular vote
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};| Outcome
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|{{Composition bar|7|15|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}}
|New
|12.95%
|New
|73,77,674
|{{yes2|Government}}
|}

=== State Assembly elections ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"| Year
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"| Seats won
! style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}};color:white"| Change in seats
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Composition bar|57|288|{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}}
|New
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:2022 establishments in Maharashtra]]

[[Category:Conservative parties in India]]
[[Category:Hindutva political parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2022]]
[[Category:Member parties of the National Democratic Alliance]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena]]

Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji

2026-03-23T06:56:00Z

Manpreet23: created a details

{{short description|2017 Indian soap opera}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Tu_Sooraj_Main_Saanjh_Piyaji-serial.jpg
| caption = 
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal Shashi Mittal
| based_on =
| writer = [[Shashi Mittal|Shashi Sumeet Mittal]] [[Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal]] Amit Senchoudhary Raghuvir Shekhawat [[Vaishali Dinakaran]]
| director = Pushkar Mahabal Yogesh Bhati
| creative_director = Neha Kothari
| presenter =
| starring = [[Rhea Sharma]] [[Avinesh Rekhi]]
| theme_music_composer = [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| opentheme = Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji by [[Jubin Nautiyal]] and [[Palak Muchhal]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 365
| producer =
| cinematography =
| editor = Jay B Ghadiali
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 22 minutes
| company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2017|4|3|}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2018|6|1|}}
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| related = ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| image_alt =
| list_episodes =
}}

'''''Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji''''' ({{Translation|You Are the Sun, I Am the Twilight, Beloved}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama]] television series that premiered on 3 April 2017 on [[Star Plus]]. The series is also digitally available on [[Disney+Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Get ready for Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/get-ready-for-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/20170220.htm|access-date=|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Produced under the banner of [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]], it is the sequel to ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/300417/we-make-a-great-team-says-rhea-sharma.html |title=We make a great team, says Rhea Sharma |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=30 April 2017 }}</ref> The series starred [[Rhea Sharma]] and [[Avinesh Rekhi]]. It ended on 1 June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=It's a legacy|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/its-a-legacy-375035|access-date=|website=[[The Tribune (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 May 2018|title=Not just Naamkarann, 'TU SOORAJ MEIN SAANJH PIYAJI' also to go OFF-AIR|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/not-just-naamkarann-tu-sooraj-mein-saanjh-piyaji-also-to-go-off-air-866536/amp|access-date=|website=ABP News}}</ref>

It was originally broadcast in the afternoon during the network's Star Dopaher (afternoon) programming block.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Star Plus Announces Star Plus Dopahar; Check out the Details of the New shows|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-star-plus-dopahar-5544569-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112050825/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-star-plus-dopahar-5544569-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2021|access-date=|website=Daily Bhaskar}}</ref> On 24 July 2017, the series was moved to prime time replacing ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''.<ref name=":4" />

==Plot==
The series takes place 20 years after the events in ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' and it revolves around the children of Sooraj and Sandhya, mainly focusing on their daughter, Kanak.

Kanak's grandmother, Santosh initially hates her to the core, blaming her to be the reason behind her parents, Sooraj and Sandhya's death. She fixes her alliance with Mayank who lives abroad in [[London]]. Kanak's life takes a new turn when Uma Shankar Toshniwal, a rich, kind-hearted and devotional, spiritual man of fath and an Ayurveda doctor by profession, marries her, believing that as a sign from Lord. Uma is a strong faithful believer in morals and ways from his own spirit but also sometimes wrongly guided by his greedy and hypocritical maternal aunt, Nanda. Kanak sets off on a journey with Uma to teach him the greatest moral of life – humanity. In the process, Kanak falls in love with Uma after establishing herself as the perfect wife for him. Uma's sister Saras and Kanak's brother Vansh elope, enabling Nanda to instigate Uma in hating Kanak. Kanak soon divorces Uma and demands 50% of his property which is named on Nanda. When Uma and Palomi are getting married, Uma feels that Kanak is in danger so he leaves his marriage and searches Kanak. He finds Kanak in a forest where Nanda's son Aditya hangs Kanak on a tree. He saves her life and sends Aditya to jail.

Uma and Kanak confess their love and decide to get married in ten days. Kanak exposes Nanda and Aditya in front of Uma when she gives poison to Laddus. Nanda then falsely accuses Uma for killing Palomi and gets him sentenced jailed for ten years. They both escape and go to [[Bangkok]]. They change their identity and expose Nanda and Aditya.

After returning to India, they soon decide to get married but Uma, for some unknown reason, marries Meera Mittal, the deranged daughter of a rich businessman, ditching Kanak.

===2 years later===

Kanak, now self-sufficient and possessing bitter hatred towards Uma, eventually reappears in his life, who has become a successful business tycoon running the 'K & U' company in the meantime. It is revealed later on that Uma still loves Kanak and was actually blackmailed and forced into marrying Meera to save his younger cousin Suman from receiving punishment for a murder she had inadvertently committed. Meera upon knowing Kanak's identity, along with Aditya, tries many heinous ways to separate the duo, including an unsuccessful attempt to marry off Kanak to Akshay also was hell-bent on ruining her. Suman is now full of guilt and decides to sacrifice her life so that Uma and Kanak can re-unite. They save her and the truth is finally unveiled before Kanak. She gets rid of her ill-feelings towards Uma and gets Meera arrested with the help of others by hatching a crafty plan.

They remarry after settling their differences and restore their relationship. Aditya realises his mistake and becomes loyal to his brother and sister-in-law. It is then that Nanda comes out of jail.

After Saras suffering an unfortunate miscarriage on account of failing to reach the medical facility on time, and seeing Uma's grief over the matter, Kanak and Aditya launch a bike ambulance service for Uma. This creates a number of enemies for Uma and Kanak from the very outset, and Dr. Parag, the corrupt Dean of Pratistha Medical College, joins hands with Nanda to cancel Uma's license so that he can use the idea to promote his own medical college and take the credit totally upon himself. Kanak decides to study paramedics and become a doctor herself to save the license from being cancelled and so that no one can label her as an amateur when she treats patients.

After facing numerous hurdles and hindrances set by the Dean himself at Dr. Parag's college, in an attempt to crush her dream, she finally succeeds in exposing Dr. Parag's true nature to the public. As a result, he is arrested and sentenced to imprisonment. It is revealed that during his time in jail, Nanda was subjected to ill-treatment by Dr. Parag, which fuels her desire for revenge upon her release. However, upon her release, she decides to abandon her plots against Uma and Kanak, choosing a different path.

Uma at this time receives a fake call and is attacked by goons, who also trash his bike ambulance. He recovers 6 months later, but loses his memory. To everyone's surprise, he turns into the same superstitious person he was before. He force Kanak to either choose him or pursue her paramedics course. Kanak ultimately chooses to continue her dream of becoming a doctor. Uma supports her decision, and Aditya then reveal that it was their plan all along to infuse some confidence and passion into Kanak, which she was lacking and also that he had never lost his memory. With this, the story finally ends on a happy note as Kanak sets off for her new career with the blessings of all the elders.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Rhea Sharma]] as Dr. Kanak Rathi Toshniwal – Sooraj and Sandhya's daughter; Ved and Vansh's sister; Uma's wife (2017–2018)
*[[Avinesh Rekhi]] as Umashankar "Uma" Toshniwal – Kaushalya's son; Saraswati's brother; Aditya, Suman and Shiv's cousin; Meera's ex-husband; Kanak's husband. (2017–2018)

===Recurring===
*[[Neelu Vaghela]] as Santosh "Bhabho" Rathi – Arun's wife; Sooraj, Vikram, Mohit and Chavvi's mother; Mishri, Pari, Golu, Ved, Vansh, Kanak and Purab's grandmother (2017–2018)
*[[Ashok Lokhande]] as Arun "Bhabasa" Rathi – Santosh's husband; Sooraj, Vikram, Mohit and Chavvi's father; Mishri, Pari, Golu, Ved, Vansh, Kanak and Purab's grandfather (2017–2018)
*Mayank Arora as [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] Ved Rathi – Sooraj and Sandhya's elder son; Vansh and Kanak's brother; Payal's husband (2017–2018)
*Kabeer Kumar as Vansh Rathi – Sooraj and Sandhya's younger son; Ved and Kanak's brother; Saraswati's husband (2017–2018)
*Shefali Singh Soni as Payal Pathak Rathi – Anshul and Himani's daughter; Aditya's ex-wife; Ved's wife. (2017–2018)
*[[Swati Kapoor]] as Saraswati Toshniwal Rathi – Kaushalya's daughter; Uma's sister; Aditya, Suman and Shiv's cousin; Vansh's wife. (2017–2018)
*[[Kanika Maheshwari]] as Meenakshi Rathi – Vikram's wife; Mishri and Golu's mother; Pawan's grandmother. (2017)
*[[Rajeev Singh]] as Vikram Rathi – Arun and Santoshi's second son; Sooraj, Mohit and Chavvi's brother; Meenakshi's husband; Mishri and Golu's father; Pawan's grandfather. (2017)
*Uday Nene as Golu Rathi – Vikram and Meenakshi's son; Mishri's brother; Rani's husband. (2017)
*Sheetal Pandya as Rani Rathi – Golu's wife. (2017–2018)
*Unknown as Pawan Rathi – Mishri's illegitimate son. (2017)
*Aditya Pandey as Purab Rathi – Om and Emily's son; Pari and Sparsh's half-brother. (2018)
*Urmila Sharma as Kundani "Daisa" Shastri – Rathi family's neighbour (2017)
*Unknown as Kaushalya Devi Toshniwal – Nanda's sister; Uma and Saraswati's mother (2017–2018)
*[[Ayush Anand]] as Aditya Modani – Nanda's son; Uma and Saraswati's cousin, Payal's ex-husband; Tiara's love-interest (2017–2018)
*[[Sadiya Siddiqui]] as Nandita "Nanda" Devi Modani – Kaushalya's sister; Aditya's mother (2017–2018)
*Hearty Singh as Shivraj "Shiv" Toshniwal – Suman's brother; Uma and Saraswati's cousin (2017–2018)
*Mazel Vyas as Suman Toshniwal – Shiv's sister; Uma and Saraswati's cousin (2017–2018)<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vadodara-school-girl-mazel-vyas-finds-a-slot-in-diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel/articleshow/57442805.cms |title=Vadodara school girl Mazel Vyas finds a slot in Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel |work=The Times of India|access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref>
*[[Madhura Naik]] as Palomi Sopuri (2017–2018)
*Madhvendra Jha as Gagendra "Gabbasa" Singh – Uma's personal assistant (2017–2018)
*[[Vikas Grover]] as Arvind Sharma – Kanak's friend (2017)
*Hetal Yadav as Himani Pathak – Anshul's wife; Payal's mother (2017–2018)
*Rajiv Kumar as Anshul Pathak – Himani's husband; Payal's father (2017)
*[[Rishina Kandhari]] as Arpita Khanna – [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer-turned-politician; Akshay's sister (2017–2018)
*[[Ankit Bathla]] as Akshay Khanna – Arpita's brother (2018)
*Maqbool Khan as Sumer Singh (2018)
*Kangna Sharma as Meera Mittal – Yash's daughter; Uma's ex-wife (2018)
*Amit Singh Thakur as Yashvardhan "Yash" Mittal – Meera's father (2018)
*[[Abhaas Mehta]] as Dr. Parag Bansal – Dean of Pratistha Medical College; Divyajyoti's brother (2018)
*Sanjai Gandhi as Divyajyoti Prakash Bansal – Parag's brother (2018)
*Honey Singh as Tiara Dixit – Kanak's classmate from Pratistha Medical College; Aditya's love-interest (2018)
*[[Aanchal Khurana]] as [[Professor]] Madhavi Goenka (2018)
*Rekha Choudhary as Surbhi Jain (2018)

===Guests===
* [[Anas Rashid]] as Sooraj Rathi – Arun and Santhoshi's eldest son; Vikram, Mohit and Chhavi's brother; Sandhya's husband; Ved, Vansh and Kanak's father<ref name="reprise">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/anas-rashid-a-k-a-sooraj-to-return-to-diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/story-3OZGZ1kP8YlRFNnoIUiJZL.html |title=Anas Rashid, a.k.a. Sooraj, to return to Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel, Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji |date=17 May 2017 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref>(2017) (Cameo, flashback scenes from original series [[Diya Aur Baati Hum]])
* [[Deepika Singh]] as [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] Sandhya Kothari Rathi – Kanchan and Arvind's daughter; Ankur's sister; Sooraj's wife; Ved, Vansh and Kanak's mother <ref name=return>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-to-be-titled-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/articleshow/57245632.cms |title='Diya Aur Baati Hum' sequel to be titled 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 February 2017|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref> (2017) (flashback scenes from original series [[Diya Aur Baati Hum]])
* [[Gagan Malik]] as Bal Brahmachari (2017)

==Production==
===Development===
This sequel of ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' was planned before it going off air itself.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Diya-Aur-Baati-Hum-to-return-with-season-2/articleshow/53303419.cms |title=Diya Aur Baati Hum to return with season 2? |website=Times of India|date=20 July 2016 }}</ref> Actress Neelu Vaghela playing Santosh revealed the title of the series in February 2017 as ''Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-now-has-a-title-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/story-awzCZE3wU3avQRbVBaalVL.html |title=Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel now has a title: Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji |website=Hindustan Times|date=20 February 2017 }}</ref> The title of the series was taken from the title track of ''Diya Aur Baati Hum.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-to-be-titled-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-495464 |title='Diya Aur Baati Hum' sequel to be titled 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |website=ABP News|date=20 February 2017 }}</ref>

The series began with a leap of 20 years in its storyline from ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' focusing on Sandhya ([[Deepika Singh]]) and Sooraj's ([[Anas Rashid]]) children, mainly Kanak ([[Rhea Sharma]]) after their death.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-tu-sooraj-mai-saanjh-piya-ji-20-year-leap-sandhya-sooraj-4534318/ |title=Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel: Show takes 20-year leap, titled Tu Sooraj Mai Saanjh Piya Ji |website=Indian Express|date=20 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/article/pressure-on-rhea-sharma-to-take-diya-aur-baati-hum-legacy-forward/151775 |title='Pressure' on Rhea Sharma to take 'Diya Aur Baati...' legacy forward |website=Times Now|date=2 March 2017 }}</ref>

This series was launched originally during [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] afternoon slot named [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] Dopahar Block along with three other series, aiming at retrieving the afternoon programming of the channel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms?from=mdr |title=Star Plus to reboot afternoon slot with 4 new shows |date=27 February 2017 |website=Economic Times}}</ref> Soon, in June 2017, this series among the others was moved to the prime time replacing [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya|''Saath Nibhana Saathiya'']] as the makers and the channel felt that it could reach a larger audience and also it being a sequel to one of the popular show ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=12 July 2017|title=Star Dopahar back to airing 2 hours of content, Dhhai Kilo Prem and Love Ka Hai Intezaar get new time slots|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-back-to-airing-2-hours-of-content-dhhai-kilo-prem-and-love-ka-hai-intezaar-get-new-time-slots-4747772/|access-date=|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

Playback singer [[Palak Muchhal]] was roped to sing for the title track of the series.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/palak-muchhal-to-lend-her-voice-to-the-title-track-of-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/articleshow/58009041.cms |title=Palak Muchhal to lend her voice to the title track of 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |website=The Times Of India|date=4 April 2017 }}</ref>
Singers [[Amit Trivedi]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]] collaborated for the title track of the series.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/trivedi-ghoshal-collaborate-for-tu-sooraj-title-track-117031000994_1.html |title=Trivedi, Ghoshal collaborate for 'Tu Sooraj...' title track |newspaper=Business Standard India|date=10 March 2017 }}</ref>

===Filming===
Based on the backdrop of [[Rajasthan]], the series was mainly filmed at sets in [[Mumbai]]. Some of the initial scenes were shot in [[Kerala]] and [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajasthan-offers-a-complete-package-for-tv-shows-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-actors-in-jaipur/articleshow/57958487.cms |title=Rajasthan offers a complete package for TV shows: Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji actors in Jaipur |website=Times of India|date=April 2017 }}</ref> In January 2018, the sequence of Kanak and Uma searching for Palomi was shot in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-team-is-in-thailand-for-an-important-shoot-sequence/articleshow/62553080.cms |title=Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji team is in Thailand for an important shoot sequence |website=The Times Of India|date=18 January 2018 }}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Neelu Vaghela]], [[Ashok Lokhande]], [[Kanika Maheshwari]], Urmila Sharma and [[Rishina Kandhari]] reprised their roles from [[Diya Aur Baati Hum]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/avinesh-rekhi-digital-medium-not-a-threat-to-daily-soaps/articleshow/58489105.cms |title=Avinesh Rekhi: Digital medium not a threat to daily soaps |website=Times Of India|date=3 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2017/diya-aur-baati-hum-season-2-to-replace-naamkaran/articlecontent-pf193258-251950.html |title=Kanika Maheshwari Begins Shooting For Diya Aur Baati Hum Season 2; The Show To Replace Naamkaran? |date=17 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kanika-Maheshwari-gives-Marwari-lessons-to-new-actors-in-Tu-Sooraj-Main-Saanjh-Piyaji/articleshow/57877789.cms |title=Kanika Maheshwari gives Marwari lessons to new actors in 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |website=The Times of India|date=28 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rishina-kandhari-to-enter-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/articleshow/60033413.cms |title=Rishina Kandhari to enter 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |website=Times of India}}</ref> Rajeev Singh was roped for the role of Vikram Rathi which was played by [[Karan Goddwani]] and [[Gautam Gulati]] in the former series.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Star Plus channel's Diya Aur Baati Hum 2 and other new afternoon series to be as good as prime time shows |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/star-plus-channels-diya-aur-baati-hum-2-other-new-afternoon-series-be-good-prime-time-shows-716114|website=International Business Times|date=15 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/rajeev-singh-vikas-grover-star-plus-diya-aur-baati-2-170213?amp |title=Rajeev Singh, Vikas Grover in Star Plus' Diya Aur Baati 2 |work=Telly Chakkar}}</ref>

[[Avinesh Rekhi]] was roped for the role of Uma Shankar.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Avinesh-Rekhi-to-play-the-lead-role-in-Diya-Aur-Baati-Season-2/articleshow/54250836.cms |title=Avinesh Rekhi to play the lead role in Diya Aur Baati Season 2? |website=Times Of India|date=9 September 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/proud-to-be-part-of-diya-aur-baati-hum-sequel-its-like-sholay-of-indian-tv-avinesh-rekhi-lifetv-972825-2017-04-21 |title=Proud to be part of Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel; it's like Sholay of Indian TV: Avinesh Rekhi |website=India Today|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref> [[Rhea Sharma]] was roped for the lead role of Kanak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rhea-sharma-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-5047733/ |title=Rhea Sharma on playing Kanak in Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji: You don't get to see such bindaas girls on TV usually |website=Indian Express|date=February 2018 }}</ref> Besides Mayank Arora, Kabeer Kumar, Uday Nene, Sheetal Pandey, Sheefali Singh Soni, [[Sadiya Siddiqui]], [[Madhura Naik]], Mazel Vyas and Swathi Kapoor were cast then.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-written-update-march-3-2017-first-episode-introduces-suraj-and-sandhyas-kids/articleshow/58000748.cms |title=Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji written update March 3, 2017: First episode introduces Suraj and Sandhya's kids |website=The Times of India|date=4 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/190417/madhura-naik-learns-to-cook-for-her-new-show.html |title=Madhura Naik learns to cook for her new show |website=Asian Age|date=19 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/madhura-naik-to-be-a-part-of-diya-aur-baati-hum-season-2/articleshow/56676144.cms |title=Madhura Naik to be a part of Diya Aur Baati Hum season 2 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In November 2017, Kanika Maheshwari playing Meenakshi quit the series as she stated nothing yet to explore in her character.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/kanika-maheshwari-to-leave-the-show-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-596714 |title=Kanika Maheshwari to leave the show 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji' |website=ABP News|date=30 October 2017 }}</ref> In February 2018, Kangana Sharma was roped for the role of Meera Mittal, making her television debut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/this-hot-bollywood-actress-is-all-set-to-enter-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-1170846-2018-02-16 |title=This hot Bollywood actress is all set to enter Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji |website=India Today|date=16 February 2018 }}</ref> Soon, in March 2018, Ankit Bhatla was cast as Akshay.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/saas-bahu-aur-suspense-sbas-day-out-with-tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji-s-ankit-bhatla-437706 |title=SBAS Day Out with Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji's Ankit Bathla |website=[[India TV News]]|date=15 April 2018 }}</ref>

===Cancellation===
With the time slot shift from afternoon to prime time, the ratings of the series had an increase but as it could not garner expected ratings in the slot, it was sent a notice by the channel in May 2018 and was taken off air on 1 June 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/12-tv-shows-to-go-off-air-post-indian-premier-league/articleshow/64066003.cms |title=12 TV shows to go off air post 'Indian Premier League' |website=The Times of India|date=8 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dil Se Dil Tak to Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya: Shows which went off air |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/dil-se-dil-tak-to-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-shows-which-went-off-air/tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/photostory/64079565.cms|website=The Times Of India|date=23 May 2019 }}</ref>

==Reception==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- align=center
!rowspan="2"| Week
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] ratings (Hindi GEC urban)
! rowspan="2" |Ref(s)
|-
! Impressions (in millions)
! Ranking
|-
| Week 47, 2017
| 4.346
| 13
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=December 2017|title=Most watched Indian television shows: Entertainment Ki Raat opens to positive response, Bigg Boss 11 drops on BARC list in week 47|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-bigg-boss-11-entertainment-ki-raat-barc-list-week-47-4961947/10/|access-date=|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|Week 51, 2017
|4.957
|11
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=29 December 2017|title=Most watched Indian television shows: Yeh Hai Mohabbatein tops BARC ratings in week 51|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-tops-barc-ratings-in-week-51-5003820/|access-date=|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| Week 2, 2018
|4.497
|17
|
|-
|Week 4, 2018
|4.178
|17
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=TRP Report Week 4, 2018: The results of the BARC ratings will shock you|url=http://www.catchnews.com/television-news/trp-report-week-4-2018-the-results-of-the-barc-ratings-will-shock-you-97643.html|access-date=|website=Catch News}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5, 2018
|4.499
|13
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 February 2018|title=Most watched Indian television shows: Ekta Kapoor's Kundali Bhagya and Kumkum Bhagya continue to top BARC list in week 5|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-ekta-kapoor-kundali-bhagya-kumkum-bhagya-top-barc-list-week-5-5056372/|access-date=|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18, 2018
|3.256
|13
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 May 2018|title=BARC TRP ratings week 18 2018 Kundali Bhagya Kumkum Bhagya Naamkarann Ishqbaaaz top ten shows|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/entertainment/barc-trp-ratings-week-18-2018-kundali-bhagya-kumkum-bhagya-naamkarann-ishqbaaaz-top-ten-shows-2814|access-date=|website=[[News Nation]]}}</ref>
|}

==Adaptations==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:Pink;"|Language
!style="background:Pink;"|Title
!style="background:Pink;"|Original release
!style="background:Pink;"|Network(s)
!style="background:Pink;"|Last aired
!style="background:Pink;"|Notes
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''Agni Sakshi'' అగ్ని సాక్షి
|4 December 2017
|[[Star Maa]]
|14 March 2020
| rowspan="4" |Remake
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Ardhangini (2018 TV series)|Ardhangini]]'' অর্ধাঙ্গিনী
|8 January 2018
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|18 November 2018
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''[[Sarvamangala Mangalye]]'' ಸರ್ವಮಂಗಳ ಮಾಂಗಲ್ಯೇ
|30 July 2018
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|3 April 2020
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi (TV series)|Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'' சிவா மனசுல சக்தி
|30 January 2019
|[[Star Vijay]]
|14 March 2020
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/tu-sooraj-main-saanjh-piyaji/13549 Hotstar]
* [https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7762656/fullcredits/ Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji] on [[IMDb]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}
{{Shashi Sumeet Productions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji}}
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Shashi Sumeet Productions series]]
[[Category:Sequel television series]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]

Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery

2026-03-23T05:45:09Z

Manpreet23: created new article

{{Short description|European cemetery in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox cemetery
| name =Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery
| image = Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 34.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Entrance of Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery
| pushpin map =
| established = 19th century
| abandoned = 
| location = [[Jhansi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|25|39|N|78|35|23|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}
| type =
| style =
| owner =
| size =
| graves =
}}

'''Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery''' is a historic European [[cemetery]] situated at the military cantonment in [[Jhansi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2021 |title=Christians observe 'All Souls Day', offer prayers at cemetery {{!}} Kanpur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/christians-observe-all-souls-day-offer-prayers-at-cemetery/articleshow/87496562.cms |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> A number of British civilian and military personnel who died in the Jhansi Mutiny massacre of 1857 were buried there.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pender |first=Sebastian Raj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cy9lEAAAQBAJ&dq=jhansi+cantonment+cemetery&pg=PA76 |title=The 1857 Indian Uprising and the Politics of Commemoration |date=2022-05-05 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-51133-6 |language=en}}</ref> The graves include those of British officers, their wives and children, and railway workers and their families, along with those of members of Indian, Scottish, Welsh and West African regiments of the [[British Indian Army]] who died during the time of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-12 |title=Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery: The story of its newly compiled record |url=https://www.bacsa.org.uk/jhansi-cantonment-cemetery-the-story-of-its-newly-compiled-record/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=BACSA |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Leek |first=Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95zuDwAAQBAJ&dq=jhansi+cantonment+cemetery&pg=PT138 |title=Frederick Whirlpool VC: Australia's Hidden Victoria Cross |date=2018-09-05 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-925675-72-6 |language=en}}</ref> and the [[World War I|First World War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery {{!}} Cemetery Details |url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/5001720/jhansi-cantonment-cemetery/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=CWGC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=David |last=Gibbins |title=Murder In Jhansi |url=https://irp.cdn-website.com/95bd0728/files/uploaded/Murder%20in%20Jhansi%2C%201915%20Major%20Marmaduke%20Henry%20Littledale%20Gale%2C%20-%20David%20Gibbins.pdf |access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 30.jpg|An unnamed grave
Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 07.jpg|Grave of Frances Margaret
Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 12.jpg|Memory of died soldier
Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 27.jpg|Cemetery complex
Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery 10.jpg|Grave of Rev. Maurice William Hime
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Anglican cemeteries in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Jhansi]]

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery}}

{{Cemeteries in India}}

Savia Viegas

2026-03-21T09:58:28Z

Manpreet23: created new entry

{{Short description|Indian artist and writer (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Savia Viegas
| image = Savia Viegas in 2025.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Viegas in 2025
| birth_name = Maria Savia Viegas
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|10|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Carmona, Goa|Carmona]], Goa, India
| other_names =
| spouse = {{marriage|Anoop Bablani|1979}}
| children =
| occupation = Writer, artist
| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''Let me tell you about Quinta''
| awards =
| website = {{URL|saviaviegas.in}}
}}
'''Maria Savia Viegas''' (born 30 October 1957)<ref name="OfficialBio">{{Cite web |title=Savia Viegas : Biography |url=https://saviaviegas.in/bio |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=saviaviegas.in}}</ref> is an Indian artist, writer, curator and academic from the village of [[Carmona, Goa|Carmona]] in South Goa. She is best known for her mixed-media works, including a project titled ''Carmona’s Talking Quilt'', that are a combination of community oral histories, up-cycled textiles and embroidery to explore Goan identity, memory and women's narratives.

==Early and personal life==
Maria Savia Viegas was born on 30 October 1957<ref name="OfficialBio" /> in the village of Xetmalem, [[Carmona, Goa]]. Her mother, Berta Elisa Viegas, taught embroidery locally and this influenced Savia's later artistic engagements.<ref name="HeraldEmbroidery24">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=A tribute in tales and thread: Carmona's Savia Viegas narrates her mother's stories through embroidery |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/goa/wards-to-vaddos/a-tribute-in-tales-and-thread-carmonas-savia-viegas-narrates-her-mothers-stories-through-embroidery/44702/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

Viegas completed her schooling at St Pius X Convent, [[Orlim]], followed by college at [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]] and [[Elphinstone College]] in Mumbai. She later earned a doctorate in Ancient Indian Art.<ref name="OfficialBio" />

Viegas married Anoop Bablani in 1979. They love cycling together and this inspired them to a write a book together, ''Bicycle Diaries'', about the history of bicycles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colaco |first=Kimberly |date=2024-06-03 |title=This Goan couple's love language is exploring on a cycle |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/lifestyle/this-goan-couples-love-language-is-exploring-on-a-cycle |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Goa Travel News on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
After a period working in Mumbai, Viegas returned to her ancestral home in Carmona in 2005, where she founded a pre-primary school, Saxtti Kids, and focused her energies on writing, painting and curatorial work.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-04 |title=Stitching Stories with Savia Viegas |website=oHeraldo |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/stitching-stories-with-savia-viegas/30853/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Artistic work==
One of Viegas's major works is Carmona's Talking Quilt, created in collaboration with her mother. It uses up-cycled denim from out-grown jeans, embroidered motifs, photographs and mixed-media panels to surface hidden stories of village life, memory and women's experience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When denim becomes the canvas for stories of the past |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/lifestyle/when-denim-becomes-the-canvas-for-stories-of-the-past/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Gomantak Times |date=7 April 2024 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Stories on a quilt |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/04/04/magazines/buzz/stories-on-a-quilt/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=The Navhind Times |date=4 April 2024 }}</ref>

In a feature by ''The Hindu'', she is described as using denim quilts, embroidery and archival photographs to unpack Goan village histories, gendered craft practices and processes of memory.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Das |first1=Arti |title=Savia Viegas Carmona, talking-quilt exhibition at Museum of Goa, denim quilts |work=The Hindu |date=26 April 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/savia-viegas-carmona-talking-quilt-exhibition-museum-of-goa-denim-quilts/article68098080.ece |access-date=2025-10-11}}</ref>

==Other professional roles==
Besides her art practice, Viegas is active as a curator and educator, facilitating creative writing workshops and exhibiting works that engage local communities, women's craft traditions and sustainable reuse of materials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collaborative Quilt Chronicles |date=25 July 2024 |url=https://www.femasiamagazine.com/collaborative-quilt-chronicles/ |access-date=2025-10-11}}</ref>

==Themes and approach==
Viegas's work often engages with the material traces of daily life—old jeans, embroideries, family stories—and re-configures them into visual narratives about identity, heritage and transformation. She emphasises the value of craft traditionally seen as women's work, and uses it to articulate cultural memory and belonging.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Exhibitions==
Her exhibition Carmona's Talking Quilt was held at the [[Museum of Goa]] (MOG) in Pilerne, Goa, where viewers could engage with textile works, photographic montages and embroidery panels that decode village-level narratives of the Goan hinterland.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Reception and impact==
Critics and commentators note that Viegas's quilts and multimedia works offer an alternative archive of Goan rural life and women's culture, tapping into oral storytelling, craft and material reuse to challenge dominant historical narratives.<ref name="HeraldEmbroidery24"/>

==Works==
* ''The Bicycle Diaries'', co-authored with her husband Anoop Bablani
* ''Tales from the Attic''
* ''In the Hour of Eclipse''
* ''Let me tell you about Quinta''
* ''Eddi and Didi''
* ''Abha Nama''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viegas, Savia}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Textile artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Goa]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Elphinstone College alumni]]
[[Category:Women writers from Goa]]

Battle of Kamalpur

2026-03-19T06:49:54Z

Manpreet23: reworked content based on references and updated info

{{Short description|Battle fought during Bangladesh War of Independence}}
{{distinguish|Defence of Kamalpur}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Kamalpur
| partof = [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
| image = Kamalpur_Memorial,_Bakshigonj,_Jamalpur.jpg
| caption = Kamalpur Memorial in Bangladesh
| date = 12 June – 4 December 1971
| place = [[Baksiganj Upazila|Kamalpur]], [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur]], [[East Pakistan]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Capture of [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur]]<ref name="The News Today"/>
| result = Bangladeshi victory
| status =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} [[Bangladesh]]
* [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Mukti Bahini]]
'''Supported by''': 
{{flagicon|india}} India (from November)
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Pakistan Army]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Ziaur Rahman]] [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Abu Taher]] ([[Wounded in action|WIA]]) [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] Moinul Hossain. [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Hafiz Uddin Ahmad]] ([[Wounded in action|WIA]]) [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] Syed Sadruzzaman Helal [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Salauddin Mumtaz]] {{KIA}} {{flagicon|india}} Gurbax Singh {{flagicon|india}} Hardep Singh Kler
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|A. A. K. Niazi]] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} [[Ahsan Malik]]
| units1 = {{tree list}}
*[[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[Z Force (Bangladesh)|Z Force]]
**[[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] [[1st East Bengal Regiment]]
{{tree list/end}}
| units2 = {{tree list}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} 31st Baluch Regiment
**24th [[Cavalry]] ([[Frontier Force Regiment|Frontier Force]])
{{tree list/end}}
| strength1 = [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] 3,000<ref name="bangladeshpost.net" /> {{flagicon|india}} 4,000
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} 7,000
| casualties1 = [[File:Flag of the Mukti Bahini-DeFacto.svg|border|23px]] 194 killed<ref name="bangladeshpost.net" /> {{flagicon|india}} Unknown
| casualties2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} 497 killed<ref name="bangladeshpost.net" /> 162—220 captured<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/kamalpur-phulbari-tasted-freedom-on-this-day-in-71-53244|title=Kamalpur, Phulbari tasted freedom on this day in '71|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|date=4 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="dhakatribune.com" />
| notes =
}}
{{Campaignbox Bangladesh Liberation War}}

The '''Battle of Kamalpur''' ({{langx|bn|কামালপুরের যুদ্ধ}}), is one of the most significant [[Engagement (military)|military engagements]] fought by the [[Mukti Bahini]] in 1971 during [[Bangladesh Liberation War|its war of independence from Pakistan]]. The Pakistan Army set up a [[military camp]] at Kamalpur (now in [[Baksiganj Upazila]] of [[Jamalpur District]]) which was attacked by 1st [[East Bengal Regiment]] of [[Z Force (Bangladesh)|Z Force]] several times. The first attack was made on June 12, and a second attack was made on July 31, 1971, also another attack at 22 October 1971 and in total, there were 18 battles in Kamalpur.

==Camp at Kamalpur==

Kamalpur, a border area, was known as the gateway to [[Dhaka]] from the northern sector under [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War|Sector 11]], the central sector and the largest one of the [[Mukti Bahini]].<ref name="archive">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Taher, Colonel Abu}}</ref> It was situated on the mouth of the old [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] and on the road link with [[Mymensingh]] via [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur]].<ref name="scribd">[https://www.scribd.com/doc/23786918/Liberation-War-Of-Bangladesh A document on Bangladesh Liberation War published in December 1999], Retrieved 6 July 2025.</ref> [[Pakistan Army]] set up a [[military camp]] at Kamalpur. This camp was tactically crucial for the Pakistan Army because its fall would cause the Pakistan Army to lose control over strongholds in Jamalpur—Mymensingh—Dacca region.<ref name="pedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Bakshiganj Upazila}}</ref>

The Pakistani troops made concrete bunkers which contained shell-proof roofs. To provide communication between bunkers, they dug communication trenches. The camp perimeter included [[Booby trap]]s and [[Land mine|mine]] fields as defence.<ref name="The News Today">{{Cite web |title=A report on The News Today published on December 11, 2009. |url=http://www.newstoday-bd.com/home.asp?newsdate=12%2F11%2F2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043841/http://www.newstoday-bd.com/home.asp?newsdate=12%2F11%2F2009 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2019}}</ref><ref name="scribd"/>

About two companies of 31 regiment excluding [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakar paramilitaries]] constituted the enemy force.<ref name="The News Today"/><ref name="scribd"/>

==Attacks on Kamalpur Camp==

On June 12, 1971, the first attack was launched by Z-Force at Kamalpur Camp. Pakistani troops tried to enter the villages of [[Sarishabari Upazila]] of [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur district]] but failed, as the villagers confronted them but local civilians were also killed. While retreating, the [[Pakistan Army]] set fire in the villages.<ref name="The News Today"/>

The second attack was led by [[Ziaur Rahman]] on July 31, 1971. Zia was supported by Major Moinul Hossain, Captain Hafiz and Captain [[Salauddin Mumtaz]].<ref name="scribd"/><ref name="pedia"/><ref name="star">{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-15470|title=The Battle of Kamalpur-31 July 1971|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|date=15 December 2007}}</ref> The attack was made with two companies ''Delta'' and ''Bravo'' from the North – East of the enemy camp. Captain Salauddin Mumtaz commanded ''Delta'' on the left and Captain Hafiz commanded ''Bravo'' on the right. As the troops were moving towards the enemy post, the enemy artillery started firing heavily. As a result, the progress of the two companies became slow. The communication system collapsed because of heavy rain. However, the troops continued moving forward and entered the outer perimeter of the enemy camp. Though casualties were increasing, the fighters made progress through the minefield. At one stage of the fight, two artillery shells dropped in front of Captain Salauddin Mumtaz and killed him. And three [[Mukti Bahini]] fighters were killed trying to save him, and Captain Hafiz was injured. In the morning at 7:30, Major Moinul Hossain, the battalion commander of 1st [[East Bengal Regiment]] ordered the [[battalion]] to retreat.<ref name="star" />

India joined the war at late November, brigades were deployed to capture Kamalpur, however Indian forces made more than 3 unsuccessful attempts to take Kamalpur which led to deterioration of moral, and [[Casualty (person)|casualties]] heavily increased and finally on December 4, the Pakistan Army was overrun and withdrawn and fell back to their headquarters at [[Jamalpur, Bangladesh|Jamalpur]] after an attack by Bangladesh Forces and the Indian Army.

The Battle of Kamalpur was one of the deadliest major [[Engagement (military)|military engagements]] in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971 war of independence]], 194 fighters of the Mukti Bahini were killed in the battle.<ref name="dhakatribune.com">{{Cite news |date=3 December 2020 |title=Kamalpur liberation day Friday |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/232276/kamalpur-liberation-day-friday |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref name="bangladeshpost.net">{{Cite web |title=On this day Kamalpur was liberated |url=https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/on-this-day-kamalpur-was-liberated-100616 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=Bangladesh Post |language=en}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Pakistan Army lost 497 soldiers in the battle and 200 soldiers were captured.<ref name="dhakatribune.com" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2014 |title=Kamalpur, Phulbari tasted freedom on this day in '71 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/kamalpur-phulbari-tasted-freedom-on-this-day-in-71-53244 |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |language=en}}</ref>
In the aftermath of the battle, Pakistani forces were defeated.<ref name="The News Today" /><ref name="dhakatribune.com"/><ref name="bangladeshpost.net"/>

==See also==
* [[Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971]]
* [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan]]
* [[Defence of Kamalpur]]
* [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|25.2126|N|89.8692|E|region:BD_type:event|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamalpur 1971-06}}
[[Category:Battles of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Battles of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Jamalpur District]]
[[Category:Mukti Bahini]]
[[Category:June 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:July 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:August 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:September 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:October 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:November 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:December 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in 1971]]
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in Bangladesh]]

Padi Padi Leche Manasu

2026-03-18T12:16:38Z

Manpreet23:

{{short description|2018 film directed by Hanu Raghavapudi}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Padi Padi Leche Manasu
| image = Padi Padi Leche Manasu poster.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hanu Raghavapudi]]
| producer = Prasad Chukkapalli [[Sudhakar Cherukuri]]
| writer = Hanu Raghavapudi
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sharwanand]]|[[Sai Pallavi]]}}
| music = [[Vishal Chandrasekhar]]
| cinematography = [[Jaya Krishna Gummadi]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[SLV Cinemas]]
| runtime = 156 minutes
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|12|21}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Padi Padi Leche Manasu''''' ({{Translation|A heart that keeps rising and falling}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama]] film<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=21 December 2018|title=Padi Padi Leche Manasu reviews: Sharwanand and Sai Pallavi film gets mixed response|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/padi-padi-leche-manasu-reviews-sharwanand-and-sai-pallavi-film-gets-mixed-response-1414510-2018-12-21|website=India Today}}</ref> written and directed by [[Hanu Raghavapudi]]. The film stars [[Sharwanand]] and [[Sai Pallavi]] while [[Priya Raman]], [[Sampath Raj]], Kalyani Natarajan, [[Murali Sharma]], [[Priyadarshi Pullikonda|Priyadarshi]], and [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] play supporting roles.

The music was composed by [[Vishal Chandrasekhar]] with cinematography done by Jay Kay and editing by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]. The film was finalized in December 2017 and shooting began in February 2018. Released on 21 December 2018, the film opened to mixed reviews at the critics.<ref name=":0" /> The film ended up as a commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 January 2019|title=Sai Pallavi turns down salary for Padi Padi Leche Manasu after film bombs at box office|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sai-pallavi-turns-down-salary-for-padi-padi-leche-manasu-after-film-bombs-at-box-office-1428625-2019-01-11|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2019-01-08|title=Padi Padi Leche Manasu - Closing Collections Report|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-01-08/Padi-Padi-Leche-Manasu--Closing-Collections-Report/471401|website=The Hans India}}</ref>

==Plot==
It is a Telugu-speaking community in Kolkata where a football player named Surya ([[Sharwanand]]) falls for a medical student named Vaishali ([[Sai Pallavi]]). The love story is not as simple as it appears to be. Surya starts trying to make Vaishali fall for him. After Vaishali falls in love with Surya and starts talking about marriage, Surya breaks up with her due to his fear of commitment as a result of his parents’ failed marriage. Vaishali tells him that exactly after a year, they will meet in Kathmandu, Nepal and decide whether they should get married or not.

Exactly after a year, the Nepal 2015 earthquake occurs, where Surya is searching for Vaishali. Simultaneously, Vaishali is searching for Surya in Kathmandu. In the earthquake, Vaishali is injured and asks her friend to tell Surya that she is diagnosed with retrograde amnesia and still acts as if she is fine, with her friends and family except Surya. So Surya tries to make her fall in love again, in a similar way he tried before. One day his father (who is a famous author) comes nearby to give a speech which is attended by Vaishali, Surya and Surya's mother. During the speech Vaishali realizes her love for Surya and his love for her. She asks him to marry her, where he believes she hasn't lost her memory, infuriating him. In a struggle here, Vaishali faints and is admitted to the hospital where it is revealed that she actually has retrograde amnesia and told only Surya the truth and that she was slowly forgetting the things even in her daily life.

The movie ends with both of them getting married after a few months.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Sharwanand]] as Surya Ravipati
* [[Sai Pallavi]] as Vaishali Cherukuri
* [[Priya Raman]] as Padmavathi, Surya's mother
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Vivek Ravipati, Surya's father
* [[Kalyani Natarajan]] as Vaishali's mother
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Prakash Cherukuri, Vaishali's father
* [[Priyadarshi Pullikonda]] as Darshi
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Chatur Ramalingam
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Gemini Natarajan
* [[Kalpika Ganesh]] as Vaishali's friend
* [[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]] as Suhas, Surya's friend
* [[Noel Sean]] as Shravan
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Dr. Rakesh
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]] as Dhanraj Pillai
* [[Ravi Kale]] as Nepal Police Officer
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Eve Teaser
* Kadambari Kiran as Chatur's father
* [[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Dhanraj's henchman
* Vinayak Ram Attili as Vaishali's neighbor
* Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Gokhale
* [[Raju Sundaram]] as a goon (special appearance)
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film schedule was to start by the end of March, but since actress Sai Pallavi had dates only in February, the film start scheduled was preponed to February.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/news/sharwanand-changes-his-plan-sai-pallavi |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |title=Sharwanand changes his plan for Sai Pallavi |date=2 January 2018}}</ref> The first leg has been shot in Kolkata from 5 February 2018. The second leg of the film was shot extensively in Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sai-pallavi-starts-shooting-in-kolkata-for-her-third-telugu-film-co-starring-sharwanand-4337629.html |publisher=firstpost.com |title=Sai Pallavi starts shooting in Kolkata for her third Telugu film co-starring Sharwanand |date=6 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/sai-pallavis-third-film-with-sharwanand-and-hanu-raghavapudi-will-be-shot-in-kolkata-and-kathmandu/articleshow/62803374.cms |title=Sai Pallavi's third film with Sharwanand and Hanu Raghavapudi will be shot in Kolkata and Kathmandu |first=Neeshita |last=Nyayapati |date=6 February 2018 |website=E Times}}</ref> Some sequences of first leg were shot in interiors of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sharwanand-sai-pallavi-film-starts-rolling-in-kolkata-news-movies-scflpEcjchgcf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206040115/http://www.sify.com/movies/sharwanand-sai-pallavi-film-starts-rolling-in-kolkata-news-movies-scflpEcjchgcf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2018 |website=[[Sify]] |title=Sharwanand, Sai Pallavi film starts rolling in Kolkata |date=5 February 2018}}</ref> Medical college scenes were shot in [[Mahindra École Centrale]], Hyderabad. Pallavi plays a medical student in the film.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=SaipallaviFC |number=976439604227145728 |title=#SaiPallavi Diong a Medical student Roll In #PADIPADILECHEMANASU Movie. Once Again a Student Role. #SaiPallavi #Fidaa – Agriculture Student #Mca – Student #PPLM – Medical Studentpic.twitter.com/0WYpsnQ4jR |first=Sai |last=Pallavi™ |date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Sharwanand lost 10 kilograms and sported a stylish hairstyle for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jan/25/sharwa-gets-a-stylish-makeover-for-his-next-4200.html |title=Sharwanand gets a stylish makeover for his next |website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=25 January 2018 }}</ref> [[Priya Raman]], who played Sharwanand's mother, made her comeback role in acting after 19 years. The film's title was unveiled as ''Padi Padi Leche Manasu'' in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sharwanand's next with Hanu Raghavapudi is titled Padi Padi Leche Manasu|language=en-US|work=Pinkvillai|url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/sharwanands-next-hanu-raghavapudi-titled-padi-padi-leche-manasu/|access-date=6 March 2018|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150546/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/sharwanands-next-hanu-raghavapudi-titled-padi-padi-leche-manasu/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film released on 21 December 2018. The film was also dubbed and released in Hindi as ''Dil Dhadak Dhadak'' on [[YouTube]] on 26 February 2021 by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfQfai0qsCw&t=394s|title=Dil Dhadak Dhadak (Padi Padi Leche Manasu) 2021 New Released Hindi Dubbed Movie - Sharwanand, Sai Pallavi|website=YouTube|date=26 February 2021 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack is composed by [[Vishal Chandrasekhar]] after his second collaboration with director Hanu Raghavapudi after [[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Padi Padi Leche Manasu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vishal Chandrasekhar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2018
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:15
| language = Telugu
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Hara Hara Mahadevaki]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Simba (2019 film)|Simba]]
| next_year = 2019
}}
{{track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Padi Padi Leche
| length1 = 3:24
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]], Sinduri Vishal
| title2 = Kallolam
| length2 = 3:26
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| title3 = Hrudhayam Jaripe
| length3 = 3:14
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Yazin Nizar]]
| title4 = Emai Poyave
| length4 = 2:35
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| title5 = O My Lovely Lalana
| length5 = 3:20
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Sinduri Vishal
| title6 = Urike Cheli Chilaka
| length6 = 3:16
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[M. M. Manasi]]
| total_length = 19:15
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt8093952}}

[[Category:2018 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films set in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal Chandrashekhar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Films shot in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Films set in Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Indian films about Alzheimer's disease]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Films about amnesia]]

Jalal Lakhnavi

2026-03-14T18:06:43Z

Manpreet23: created a article

{{Short description|Urdu poet, writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Jalal Lakhnavi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Syed Zamin Ali (or Syed Zaamin Ali)
| other_names = Jalal (pen name)
| birth_date = 1834 or 1832
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces (British India)]]
| death_date = 20 October 1909
| death_place = Lucknow, United Provinces (British India)
| occupation = Urdu poet, writer, scholar
| known_for = Ghazals, nazms, dictionaries (Gulshan-e-Faiz & Tanqih-ul-Lughaat)
}}

Hakim '''Syed Zaamin Ali''' (1832<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalal Lakhnavi - Profile & Biography |url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/jalal-lakhnavi/profile |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] |language=en}}</ref>/1834{{sfn|Hasan|1954|p=12}} - 20 Oct 1909), better known as '''Jalal Lakhnavi''', was an Urdu poet, writer and scholar from [[Rampur State|Rampur state]]. He wrote [[Urdu]] [[ghazals]] and [[nazm]]s under the [[pen name]] "Jalal".

== Early life ==
Syed Zamin Ali Jalal Lakhnavi<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ehamada |first=Jamāla |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Urd%C5%AB_Hind%C4%AB_ko%C5%9Ba/i5RjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=JALAL+LAKHNAVI&dq=JALAL+LAKHNAVI&printsec=frontcover |title=Urdū-Hindī-kośa |date=1992 |publisher=Rāmanārāyaṇalāla Aruṇakumāra |language=hi}}</ref> was born in 1834 in [[Lucknow]], the capital of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":Zee News" />{{sfn|Hasan|1954|p=12}} He received his [[Primary education|initially schooling]] of [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]] from his father at his home. Lakhnavi later went to [[Lucknow]]{{sfn|Mukherjee|1998|p=143}} and studied at [[Asaf-ud-Daula|Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula]] school where he learnt [[Arabic language]]s.{{sfn|Hasan|1954|p=13}}

== Career ==
Apart from Urdu poetry and two dictionaries, Gulshan-e-Faiz & Tanqih-ul-Lughaat, Lakhnavi wrote books on Urdu proverbs, grammar poetics and history-writing.{{sfn|Mukherjee|1998|p=143}}

== Death ==
Jalal Lakhnavi died on 20 Oct 1909 in [[Lucknow]].<ref name=":Zee News">{{Cite web |title=दर्द कम हो या ज्यादा हो मगर हो तो सही, जलाल लखनवी के शेर |trans-title=Dard kam ho ya jyaada ho magar ho to sahee, Jalal Lakhnavi ke sher |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/news/jalal-lakhnavi-poetry-hindi-urdu-poetry-by-jalal-lakhnavi/2077206 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Zee News|Zee News Hindi]] |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Work cited ===
* {{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Sujit |author-link=Sujit Mukherjee |title=A dictionary of Indian literature |publisher=[[Orient Longman]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1453-9 |location=[[Hyderabad]] |pages=143}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohammad |title=Jalal Lakhnavi: Swanh Hayat, Kalam, Kalam par tanqeed ma antakhab kalam |publisher=[[Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu]] |year=1954 |location=Karachi |language=ur |trans-title=Jalal Lakhnavi: Biography, poetry, poetry criticism with selected poems}}

=== Further reading ===
* {{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-03-20 |title=Jalal Lakhnavi: جلال لکھنوی ہماری کلاسیکی ادبی تہذیب کے نمائندے کی حیثیت رکھتے ہیں |trans-title=Jalal Lakhnavi: Jalal Lakhnavi is a representative of our classical literary civilization - Speech by Professor Ahmed Mahfouz |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/opinion/opinion-news/jalal-lucknow-is-the-representative-of-our-classical-literary-civilization/na20220320094616230 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[ETV Bharat News]] |language=ur}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.rekhta.org/poets/jalal-lakhnavi/all Jalal Lakhnavi] at [[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1832 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Poets from British India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]

Jalan Outdoor Stadium

2026-03-08T22:38:06Z

Manpreet23: created new details

{{Short description|Multi-purpose stadium in Dibrugarh, Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}

{{Infobox venue
| name = Jalan Outdoor Stadium
| image = Jalan Nagar Outdoor Stadium, Dibrugarh.jpg
| caption = Jalan Outdoor Stadium in Dibrugarh
| location = [[Dibrugarh]], [[Assam]], India
| coordinates = {{coord| 27.470265|N| 94.9287822|E|region:IN_type:landmark|}}
| opened = 1951
| owner = Dibrugarh District Sports Association
| operator = Dibrugarh District Sports Association
| surface = Grass
| capacity = 3,000
| tenants = [[Assam cricket team]] Local cricket and football teams
}}

'''Jalan Outdoor Stadium''' also known as '''Jalan Nagar Outdoor Stadium''' or '''Dibrugarh Outdoor Stadium''' is a multi-purpose sports stadium located in [[Dibrugarh]], in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. Established in 1951, it is one of the oldest sporting venues in Upper Assam and has historically served as an important center for regional sporting activities, particularly [[cricket]] and [[association football]].<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |title=Floodlights in seven stadiums |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/floodlights-in-seven-stadiums/cid/1444135 |work=The Telegraph |date=13 March 2018 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

The stadium is managed by the Dibrugarh District Sports Association (DDSA) and regularly hosts local and state-level sporting tournaments, including domestic cricket competitions and athletics events.<ref name="toi2024">{{cite news |title=New Sarbananda Sonowal Sports Complex at Outdoor Stadium in Dibrugarh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/dibrugarh-celebrates-new-sarbananda-sonowal-sports-complex-at-outdoor-stadium/articleshow/115628528.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 November 2024 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

Although modest in size compared with larger venues in India, Jalan Outdoor Stadium has played an important role in the development of sports infrastructure and grassroots athletic culture in [[Upper Assam]].

==History==
Jalan Outdoor Stadium was established in 1951 during a period when organized sports were expanding across the [[Brahmaputra Valley]]. The venue quickly became the principal sports ground of Dibrugarh and a focal point for district-level sporting events.<ref name="telegraph"/>

Over the decades, the stadium has hosted numerous cricket and football tournaments organized by regional sports bodies. The venue has also been used for athletics competitions and community sporting programs organized by the Dibrugarh District Sports Association.

In the early twenty-first century, the [[Government of India]] and the [[Government of Assam]] initiated projects to modernize the stadium's infrastructure. In 2016, the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports approved financial assistance for the upgrading and modernization of the stadium complex, including improvements to seating arrangements, electrification, and drainage systems.<ref name="sentinel2016">{{cite news |title=Rs 12 crore for Dibrugarh stadiums |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/rs-12-crore-for-dibrugarh-stadiums |work=The Sentinel |date=24 January 2016 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

Further developments occurred in the 2010s and 2020s, when floodlighting and additional sports facilities were introduced as part of broader initiatives to promote sports infrastructure in Assam.<ref name="telegraph"/>

==Facilities==
Jalan Outdoor Stadium features a grass playing field suitable for cricket, football, and athletics. The stadium has a seating capacity of approximately 3,000 spectators and includes basic gallery seating and player facilities.<ref name="telegraph"/>

The stadium complex also includes training areas and infrastructure used by local sports clubs and youth development programs. Over time, additional facilities such as improved seating arrangements, electrification, and drainage systems have been added to enhance the venue.<ref name="sentinel2016"/>

In 2024, a new sports facility within the stadium complex was named the ''Sarbananda Sonowal Sports Complex'' in recognition of the contributions of former Assam chief minister [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] to sports development in the region.<ref name="toi2024"/>

==Sporting events==
[[File:Jalan Nagar Outdoor Stadium DDSA Dibrugarh.jpg|thumb|Jalan Outdoor Stadium]]

The stadium regularly hosts district-level and regional competitions across multiple sports. Cricket matches form a significant part of its event calendar, including domestic tournaments and club competitions.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Sports Association Outdoor Stadium, Dibrugarh |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/995.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

The venue has hosted matches in various domestic cricket competitions and has served as a ground for developing emerging players from Upper Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cricket Club of Dibrugarh win Assam Premier Club Championship |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/assam-premier-club-championship-cricket-club-of-dibrugarh-win-title |work=The Sentinel |date=3 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

In addition to cricket, the stadium has been used for football matches, athletics competitions, and community sports events.

==Role in regional sports==
For decades, Jalan Outdoor Stadium has served as one of the most important sporting venues in Upper Assam. It has played a key role in nurturing local talent and providing a platform for amateur and professional athletes in the region.

The stadium has also hosted public sporting events such as Olympic Day runs and other mass participation activities organized by the Assam Olympic Association and the Dibrugarh District Sports Association.<ref>{{cite news |title=International Olympic Day run to end at Jalan Outdoor Stadium |url=https://www.business-standard.com/social-viral/international-olympic-day-to-be-celebrated-in-dibrugarh-and-other-details-123062300478_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=23 June 2023 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

==Future developments==
In recent years, sports infrastructure in Dibrugarh has expanded with the construction of new sports complexes and stadium facilities. Jalan Outdoor Stadium remains an important component of this network and continues to host district and regional competitions while complementing newer venues in the city.

==See also==
* [[Khanikar Stadium]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Football venues in Assam]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Assam]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Assam]]
[[Category:Dibrugarh]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1951]]

Maneesh Chhibber

2026-03-08T16:42:00Z

Manpreet23: stub

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Maneesh Chhibber
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Constitution Day (India)|National Law Day]] Award. 2015
* Award for Outstanding Media Persons. 2012
* [[J&K]] State Awards. 2012
* [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]]. 2009
* International Council of Jurists Excellence in Journalism Award. 2025
}}
| image =
| caption = Self Portrait, 2017
}}

'''Maneesh Chhibber''' is an author and journalist. He has worked for [[ThePrint]], [[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Indian Express]], [[The Wire (India)|The Wire]], and [[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-07-02 |title=Maneesh Chhibber |url=https://theprint.in/author/maneesh-chhibber/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> He was appointed as the editorial head of the short-lived [[Tiranga TV]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-03 |title=Tiranga TV appoints Maneesh Chhibber as its new Editorial Head - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/tiranga-tv-appoints-maneesh-chhibber-as-its-new-editorial-head-95809.html |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, Chhibber won a [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] for "Reporting on Politics and Government".<ref>{{Cite web |title=RNG Awards 2009 |url=https://rngfoundation.com/awards/pastawards/2009.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=rngfoundation.com}}</ref> Chhibber has also won both the Award for Outstanding Media Persons, and the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|J&K State Award]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2014 |title=Over 70 persons honoured with J&K State Awards |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/over-70-persons-honoured-with-j-k-state-awards-114072401041_1.html |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NAMES OF STATE AWARDEES |url=https://jkgad.nic.in/pdf/award.pdf |access-date=26 July 2025 |website=jkgad.nic.in |at=YEAR 2012 REPUBLIC DAY - Award for Outstanding Media Persons. #6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-07-24 |title=Vohra confers State Awards |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2014/07/24/vohra-confers-state-awards/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raafi |first=Muhammad |date=2014-07-24 |title=71 recipients receive State Awards from Governor, CM |url=https://kashmirlife.net/71-recipients-receive-state-awards-from-governor-cm-62699/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2015, Chhibber won the [[Constitution Day (India)|National Law Day]] award from the [[International Council of Jurists]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-30 |title=Law Day honour for Express Legal Editor Maneesh Chhibber |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/law-day-honour-for-express-legal-editor-maneesh-chhibber/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, Chhibber won the Excellence in Journalism award from the International Council of Jurists in [[Bangkok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-21 |title=Jammu native Maneesh Chhibber receives ICJ Award for Excellence in Journalism in Bangkok |url=https://thekashmirimages.com/2025/12/21/jammu-native-maneesh-chhibber-receives-icj-award-for-excellence-in-journalism-in-bangkok/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=Kashmir Images - Latest News Update |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-journalist-stub}}

S. P. Muthuraman

2026-03-08T16:20:09Z

Manpreet23:

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Director SP Muthuraman at Be the Change 2015 Calendar Launch.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1935|04|07|df=y}}{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|p=20}}
| birth_place = [[Karaikudi]], [[Pudukkottai State]], [[British India]], (now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|Kamala|1957|1992|end=died}}
| children = 3
| parents = [[Rama.Subbaiah (politician)|Rama Subbaiah]] Visalatchi
| relatives = [[Suba Veerapandian]] {{small|(younger brother)}}
| occupation = [[Film Director]], [[Film Producer|Producer]]
| years_active = 1972–1995 (Movies) 1997 (TV Series)
}}

'''Subbiah Palaniappan Muthuraman''', also referred to as '''SPM''',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-sp-muthuraman-movies-5489380/ |title=Rajinikanth deserves all the love he gets: SP Muthuraman |date=2018-12-12 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2019-08-18 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421160329/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-sp-muthuraman-movies-5489380/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is an Indian film director who works in the [[Tamil film industry]]. He has directed 72 films in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. He was one of the most successful commercial directors in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-most-consistent-directors-of-tamil-cinema/s-p-muthuraman.html|title=S P Muthuraman - Successive hits - Who gave the most in Tamil cinema?|website=www.behindwoods.com|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=27 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727204445/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-most-consistent-directors-of-tamil-cinema/s-p-muthuraman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially he worked mainly with [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and went on to direct successful films with [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Musings-the-Muthuraman-way/article16851341.ece|title=Musings, the Muthuraman way|first=Malathi|last=Rangarajan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 December 2009|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925211351/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Musings-the-Muthuraman-way/article16851341.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

S. P. Muthuraman debuted as an assistant director in the film ''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'' (1960).<ref name="tamilhindu">{{cite news|url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-8-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D/article7200895.ece |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 8- திரைக்கதை ஜாம்பவான் டி. பிரகாஷ் ராவ்! |trans-title=Try making a film, part 8 – The screenplay legend T. Prakash Rao! |work=[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu]] |date=13 May 2015 |access-date=15 May 2015 |last=Muthuraman |first=S. P. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |language=ta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044549/http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-8-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D/article7200895.ece |archive-date=23 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/directors-chair/article5800519.ece |title=Director's chair |work=The Hindu |date=18 March 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014 |last=Jeshi |first=K. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123050151/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/directors-chair/article5800519.ece |archive-date=23 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has received two [[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]] and a [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director award from the Tamil Nadu State Government]].

Since 1977, his association with [[Rajinikanth]] proved to be extremely successful, as they went on work together in 25 films. Muthuraman was mainly responsible for moulding Rajini's career and turning him into a commercial star.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/dec/22muthu.htm|title=Rediff On The NeT, Movies: Salute to the superstar -- A Rediff Special|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405000727/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/dec/22muthu.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also the associate producer of the Rajinikanth starrer ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]''.

== Early life and family ==

Muthuraman was born on 7 April 1935 as the second of seven children in a family in [[Karaikudi]]. As per the norms in their region, Muthuraman's parents gave him another name - Rajaram Mohan - which became obsolete over time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bs_yILhtmrAC|title=Bs_yILhtmrAC|access-date=29 July 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407143935/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bs_yILhtmrAC|url-status=live}}</ref> His father [[Rama.Subbaiah (politician)|Karaikudi Rama. Subbaiah]] was one of the forerunners of the [[Dravidian Movement]] and a member of the erstwhile [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council]] during 1972-78. Muthuraman's youngest brother is the Dravidian ideologue [[Suba Veerapandian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/60924/cinema/Kollywood/SP-Muthraman-grand-daughter-wedding-:-Celebrities-wished.htm|title=எஸ்.பி.முத்துராமன் பேத்தி திருமண வரவேற்பு: திரையுலகினர் திரண்டு வாழ்த்து - SP Muthraman grand daughter wedding : Celebrities wished|last=Dinamalar|date=11 July 2017|website=தினமலர் - சினிமா|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405054603/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/60924/cinema/Kollywood/SP-Muthraman-grand-daughter-wedding-:-Celebrities-wished.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
After working as office boy to assistant editor for Thendral magazine owned by Kannadasan,{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|p=30}} Muthuraman initially dreamt of becoming a screenwriter and expressed his interest to join story department in AVM Productions but Meiyappan insisted him to join editing department to learn the craft of filmmaking thus he started his film career through [[AVM Productions]] as an assistant editor,{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|p=38}} then an assistant director to the duo [[Krishnan–Panju]], eventually working with [[A. Bhimsingh]], [[D. Yoganand]], [[Puttanna Kanagal]], [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]] and [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/|title=Tamil Cinema News – Kollywood News – Tamil Film News – Maalaimalar|website=cinema.maalaimalar.com|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210215/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He married Kamala in 1957.{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|p=55}} The couple have 3 children. His wife Kamala died on 15 October 1992 before the release of his 70th film, [[Pandiyan (film)|''Pandiyan'']].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2013 |title=மனைவி மறைந்த துயரத்தை அடக்கிக்கொண்டு 'பாண்டியன்' படத்தை முடித்து வெளியிட்டார், முத்துராமன் |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/01215350/Wife-death-suppressed-sorrow-P.html |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131031101710/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/01215350/Wife-death-suppressed-sorrow-P.html |archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>

== Other works ==
Muthuraman wrote a weekly column for ''[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu Tamil]]'' named ''Cinema Eduththu Paar''; all articles were later published as a single book in paperback format.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://www.amazon.in/Cinema-eduththu-paar-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81/dp/B078JNMH4B|title = Cinema eduththu paar சினிமா எடுத்து பார்|date = January 2017|publisher = Tamil Hindu|access-date = 12 November 2019|archive-date = 12 November 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191112042856/https://www.amazon.in/Cinema-eduththu-paar-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81/dp/B078JNMH4B|url-status = live}}</ref>

==Awards==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= November 2022}}
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* 1977 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]] for ''[[Oru Oodhappu Kan Simittugiradhu]]''
* 1978 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]] for ''[[Bhuvana Oru Kelvi Kuri]]''
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
* 1979 – [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for ''[[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]]''
* 2012 – [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award – South]]
*2018 - [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South| Lifetime Achievement Award - South]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms|title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South)|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd|date=8 July 2012|access-date=8 July 2012|archive-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524080240/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms?|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
[[File:Subavee with SPM.jpg|right|thumb|Muthuraman with [[Suba Veerapandian]] (left) in 2016.]]
=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:35px;"| Year
! style="width:150px;"| Film
! style="text-align:center; width:250px;" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Kanimuthu Paappa]]'' ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Petha Manam Pithu]]'' ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Kasi Yathirai]]'' ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Deiva Kuzhandhaigal]]'' ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Engamma Sapatham]]'' ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Anbu Thangai]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Yarukku Mappillai Yaro]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Mayangukiral Oru Maadhu]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Aan Pillai Singam]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Thunive Thunai]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (1976 film)|Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Oru Oodhappu Kan Simittugiradhu]]'' || [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil]]
|-
| 1976 || ''Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Mogam Muppadhu Varusham]]'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Sonthamadi Nee Enakku'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Pennai Solli Kutramillai'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Bhuvana Oru Kelvi Kuri]]'' || [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil]]
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Aadu Puli Attam (1977 film)|Aadu Puli Attam]]'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Aalukkoru Aasai'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Vattathukkul Chaduram]]'' ||25th Film
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Sakka Podu Podu Raja (1978 film)|Sakka Podu Podu Raja]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Priya (1978 film)|Priya]]'' || Made simultaneously in [[Kannada]] as ''Priya''
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Kavari Maan]]'' ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Kadavul Amaitha Medai]]'' ||
|-
| 1979 || ''Oru Koyil Iru Dheebangal'' ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]]'' || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director]]
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Vetrikku Oruvan]]'' ||
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Rishi Moolam]]'' ||
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Kazhugu (1981 film)|Kazhugu]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Netrikkan]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Ranuva Veeran]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Pokkiri Raja (1982 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Pudukavithai]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Enkeyo Ketta Kural]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (1982 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]'' ||
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Paayum Puli (1983 film)|Paayum Puli]]'' ||
|-
| 1983 || ''Oru Kai Pappom'' ||
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Adutha Varisu]]'' ||
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Thoongathey Thambi Thoongathey]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Naan Mahaan Alla (1984 film)|Naan Mahaan Alla]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Oorukku Upadesam]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Enakkul Oruvan (1984 film)|Enakkul Oruvan]]'' ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Nalla Thambi]]'' ||
|-
| 1985 || ''Ammavum Neeye Appavum Neeye'' ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Uyarndha Ullam]]'' || 50th Film
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Sri Raghavendrar]]'' ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Japanil Kalyanaraman]]'' ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Dharma Devathai]]'' ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Samsaram Oka Chadarangam]]'' || Telugu film
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikaran]]'' ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Per Sollum Pillai]]'' ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Manithan (1987 film)|Manithan]]'' ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Guru Sishyan (1988 film)|Guru Sishyan]]'' ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Nallavan (1988 film)|Nallavan]]'' ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Dharmathin Thalaivan]]'' ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Raja Chinna Roja]]'' ||
|-
| 1990||''[[Guru Sishyulu (1990 film)|Guru Sishyulu]]'' || Telugu film
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]'' ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Athisaya Piravi]]'' ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Thiyagu (film)|Thiyagu]]'' ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Thaiyalkaran]]'' ||
|-
| 1991 ||''Jeevana Chadarangam'' || Telugu film
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Kaaval Geetham]]'' ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Pandian (film)|Pandian]]'' || 70th Movie
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Thottil Kuzhandhai]]'' || Last film
|}

=== TV series ===
{|
|-
| 1997 || ''Nimmadhi Ungal Choice''||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=AVM Thandha SPM|language=Tamil|publisher=Vikatan|year=2017|author-link=S. P. Muthuraman|edition=3rd|last=Muthuraman|first=S. P.|orig-date=2005}}

==Further reading==
*[https://www.hindutamil.in/search#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%20%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%20%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார்]

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|616114}}

{{S. P. Muthuraman}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTamilDirector}}
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestDirector}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muthuraman, S. P.}}
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sivaganga district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Adarer Bon

2026-03-07T06:13:56Z

Manpreet23: enhanced section further for clarity

{{short description|1997 film directed by Swapan Saha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Adarer Bon
|image =
|caption =
|director = [[Swapan Saha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmlinks4u.to/2011/12/adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|title=Adarer Bon (1997)–Bengali Movie Watch Online|work=filmlinks4u.net|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042244/http://www.filmlinks4u.to/2011/12/adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Biplab Chatterjee]] [[Rituparna Sengupta]] [[Abhishek Chatterjee]] [[Anju Ghosh]] [[Subhendu Chatterjee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/adarer-bon-movie-cast-crew/14966|title=Cast & Crew of Adarer Bon|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
|music = [[Anupam Dutta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webmosti.com/site_adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie-mp3-songs-download.xhtml|title=Adarer Bon (1997) Bengali Movie Mp3 Songs|work=webmosti.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dasweb.in/site_adarer_bon_1997_bengali_movie_mp3_songs_download.xhtml|title=Adarer Bon (1997) Bengali Movie Song|work=dasweb.in|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105318/http://dasweb.in/site_adarer_bon_1997_bengali_movie_mp3_songs_download.xhtml|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|editing = Ujjal Nandi
|studio = Lakshmikusum - Haranath Production Pvt Ltd.
|released = {{Film date|1997}}
|runtime =
|country = [[India]]
|language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|budget =
|gross =
}}

'''''Adarer Bon''''' ({{translation}} Dear sister) is a 1997 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] directed by [[Swapan Saha]]. The film's music was composed by [[Anupam Dutta]].The film stars [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Rituparna Sengupta]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie|title=Adarer Bon (1997) Bengali movie|work=filmiclub.com|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924012836/http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatchannels.com/angelsongs/kandis-na-re-mochh-re-nayan-indranil-sen-adarer-bon-video_bbf4faa95.html|title=Kandis na re mochh re nayan-Indranil Sen-Adarer Bonn|work=bharatchannels.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/latest-adarer-bon-movie-news/14966|title=Latest News & Features|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054941/http://www.gomolo.com/latest-adarer-bon-movie-news/14966|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Biplab Chatterjee]]
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
* [[Abhishek Chatterjee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webjalsha.in/site_adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie-mp3-songs-download.xhtml|title=Adarer Bon (1997) Bengali Movie Mp3 songs Free Download|work=webjalsha.in|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305122955/http://webjalsha.in/site_adarer-bon-1997-bengali-movie-mp3-songs-download.xhtml|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Anju Ghosh]]
* [[Subhendu Chatterjee]]

==Awards==
[[BFJA Awards]] (1997):-
* Best Editing-Ujjal Nandi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfjaaward.com/award-winners.php?year=1997 |title=1997 award winners |work=bfjaaward.com |accessdate=2015-09-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062508/http://www.bfjaaward.com/award-winners.php?year=1997 |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/adarer-bon-movie-awards/14966|title=Awards won by Adarer Bon|work=gomolo|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041001/http://www.gomolo.com/adarer-bon-movie-awards/14966|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041004/http://www.gomolo.com/adarer-bon-movie/14966 Adarer Bon] at the Gomolo

{{Swapan Saha}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Dutta]]
[[Category:1997 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Swapan Saha]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

{{1990s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Savarna Deergha Sandhi

2026-03-03T21:33:56Z

Manpreet23: created a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Savarna Deergha Sandhi
| image = Savarna_Deergha_Sandhi.jpg
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Veerendra Shetty
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Lushington Thomas
* Hemanth Kumar
* [[Mano Murthy]]
* Veerendra Shetty
}}
| writer = Veerendra Shetty
| screenplay = Veerendra Shetty
| story = Veerendra Shetty
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Veerendra Shetty
* Krishnaa
}}
| music = [[Mano Murthy]]
| cinematography = [[Loganathan Srinivasan]]
| editing = Sanketh Shivappa
| studio = {{plainlist|
* Veeru Talkies
* Lilac Entertainments
}}
| distributor = Lilac Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|10|18}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Savarna Deergha Sandhi''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Kannada]]-language action comedy-drama written and directed by Veerendra Shetty. The title "Savarna Deergha Sandhi" is a word in Kannada grammar. The film is released in [[Kannada language]] starring Veerendra Shetty & actress Krishnaa playing the female lead in the movie.<ref>{{cite news |title='Savarnadeergha Sandhi' to hit screens soon |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/savarnadeergha-sandhi-to-hit-screens-soon-751404.html |accessdate=5 December 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The music is composed by [[Mano Murthy]] and produced by Lushigton Thomas, Hemanth Kumar, [[Mano Murthy]], Veerendra Shetty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Savarna Deergha Sandhi' is a laughter riot |url=http://www.happyamoeba.com/savarna-deergha-sandhi-is-a-laughter-riot/ |accessdate=5 December 2019 |work=Happy Amoeba |date=18 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205083711/http://www.happyamoeba.com/savarna-deergha-sandhi-is-a-laughter-riot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Cast==
* Veerendra Shetty
* Krishnaa
* Surendra Bantwal
* Padmaja Rao
* Ravi Bhat
* Krishna Nadig
* Ravi Mandya
* Ajith Hanumakkanavar
* Niranjan Deshpande
* Madhu Bharadwaj

==Plot==
This [[gangster]] [[comedy]] revolves around Muddanna - an uneducated gangster, who is also a [[grammar]] freak. He and his gang commit [[crimes]] to help [[society]], while also outsmarting the [[police]] and never getting caught. But one day Muddanna falls for a beautiful singer, Amruthavarshini. The film is loaded with ultimate fun, comedy, unexpected twists and turns and a musical [[drama]]. It has all elements that will leave its viewers in splits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/savarna-deergha-sandhi/|title=Movie Tickets, Plays, Sports, Music Concerts, Theater & Reviews BookMyShow|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217112632/https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/savarna-deergha-sandhi/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Production==
The film is of rowdyism, comedy genre. The shooting has been done in Anekallu, Mudigere, Tumakuru, Devarayanadurga, Jigani and Bengaluru localities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mangaluru: 'Savarna Dheerga Sandhi' to release on Oct 18 |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=632390 |accessdate=5 December 2019 |work=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> [[Mano Murthy]] has provided the music. [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]] and others have sung the songs. [[Loganathan Srinivasan]] of [[Malayalam movie]] ‘[[Ustad Hotel]]’ fame, has done the cinematography.<ref>{{cite news |title='Savarnadeergha Sandhi' to hit screens soon |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/savarnadeergha-sandhi-to-hit-screens-soon-751404.html |accessdate=5 December 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Tracklist==
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kolalaadena
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics1 = Veerendra Shetty
| length1 = 3:50
| title2 = Madhu Madhura
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics2 = Veerendra Shetty
| length2 = 3:52
| title3 = SDS Club Mix
| extra3 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| lyrics3 = Veerendra Shetty
| length3 = 3:17
| title4 = Doorada ee Yaana
| extra4 = Shashikala Sunil
| lyrics4 = Arjun Lewis
| length4 = 3:25
| title5 = Nee Nudiso Beralu
| extra5 = Vidisha Vishwas
| lyrics5 = Puneeth Appu
| length5 = 3:38
| title6 = Ede Veene
| extra6 = Shashikala Sunil
| lyrics6 = Veerendra Shetty
| length6 = 1:22
| title7 = Nenapu Hasiride
| extra7 = Shashikala Sunil
| lyrics7 = Veerendra Shetty
| length7 = 1:47
| title8 = Savarna Deergha Sandhi
| extra8 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| lyrics8 = Veerendra Shetty
| length8 = 3:12
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt10934914}}
*For [https://indielogy.com/savarnadeergha-sandhi/ Savarna Deergha Sandhi in Sanskrit Grammar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029151656/https://indielogy.com/savarnadeergha-sandhi/ |date=29 October 2021 }}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2019 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2019 action drama films]]
[[Category:2019 comedy-drama films]]

The Gambinos

2026-03-03T20:51:20Z

Manpreet23: created new stub

{{short description|Indian movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Gambinos
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Girish Panicker Mattada
| producer = P. M Sasidharan, Biju Nandakumar, Advaith manholi
| writer = Sakkir Madathil
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Animal Kingdom (film)|Animal Kingdom]]''}}
| starring = [[Vishnu Vijay]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar ]] [[Sampath Raj]] [[Sijoy Varghese]] [[Biju Nandakumar]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| cinematography = Elban Krishna
| editing = Shafique Mohamed Ali
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|3|8}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]

}}

'''''The Gambinos''''' is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Girish Panicker Mattada. The film stars [[Vishnu Vijay]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Sampath Raj]] and [[Sijoy Varghese]]. The film revolves around a mother and her four sons, leading their criminal lives, until the arrival of a young man called Mustafa, who brings unexpected twists and turns to the tale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shriijth |first=Sajin |date=2019-03-06 |title=The Gambinos is influenced by American crime films: Vishnu Vinay |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/Mar/06/the-gambinos-is-influenced-by-american-crime-films-vishnu-vinay-10417.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-10-09 |title=Gambinos' first look is out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/091018/gambinos-first-look-is-out.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Vishnu Vinay]] as Mustafa
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Mariamma a.k.a. Mamma<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-12-07 |title=Radhika to play Mamma in ‘The Gambinos’ |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/radhika-play-mamma-gambinos-92957 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Sampath Raj]] as Jose
*[[Sijoy Varghese]] as Crime Branch Officer
*[[Sreejith Ravi]] as Aby
*[[Muhammad Musthafa]] as Alex

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Title !! Lyricist !! Performer(s)
|-
| 1 || Labella || [[B. K. Harinarayanan]] || [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
|}

== Production ==
Radhika Sarathkumar plays a don in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-03-07 |title=Took up role of don as it was challenging: Actor Radikaa to TNM on return to Mollywood |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/took-role-don-it-was-challenging-actor-radikaa-tnm-return-mollywood-97906 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The uncertainty in the mind of the filmmaker shows in the film as well in terms of how certain characters and scenes are crafted".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-gambinos/movie-review/68319935.cms|title=The Gambinos Movie Review|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Radhika and Sampath are talented actors no doubt, but except for a few moments which convey their characters’ true colours, they’re terribly miscast here".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/mar/09/a-remake-that-couldve-been-so-much-better-1948569.html|title='The Gambinos' movie review: A remake that could've been so much better|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8396210/ The Gambinos on IMDb]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gambinos}}

[[Category:2019 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]

Jaitra Yatra

2026-03-03T18:22:28Z

Manpreet23: cleaned up information after review and fixed typos for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaitra Yatra
| image = Jaitra Yatra.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Uppalapati Narayana Rao]]
| producer = [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]]
| screenplay = Uppalapati Narayana Rao
| story = Uppalapati Narayana Rao
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = {{ubl|[[Tanikella Bharani]]}}
}}
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] [[Vijayashanti]]
| music = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| cinematography = [[Hari Anumolu]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|11|13}}
| studio = [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]]
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jaitra Yatra''''' ({{translation|Journey to Victory}}) is a 1991 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[social problem film]] written and directed by [[Uppalapati Narayana Rao]]. It stars [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Vijayashanti]], with music composed by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=2017-02-01 |title=Retrospective: Jaitrayatra (1991) |url=https://archive.telugucinema.com/retrospective-jaitrayatra-1991 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170607/https://archive.telugucinema.com/retrospective-jaitrayatra-1991 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was produced by [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]] under the [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]] banner. Upon release, the film received positive reviews but failed at box-office.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Good Films - Best movies, yet box office failures - Jaitra Yatra |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/jaitrayatra.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911215925/http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/jaitrayatra.html |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=23 July 2014 |website=[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]]}}</ref> The film was dubbed in Tamil as ''Pongada Neengalum Unga Arasiyalum''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuCqSOQsFX0 | title=Pongada Neegalum Unga Arasiyalum | Tamil Movie HD | Nagarjuna, Vijayasanthi | website=[[YouTube]] | date=13 August 2015 | access-date=23 August 2022 | archive-date=23 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823115345/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuCqSOQsFX0&gl=US&hl=en | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
Lawyer Aruna ([[Vijayashanti]]) witnesses a murder of popular MLA Rama Kotayya by a group led by Errodu ([[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]]) during early hours at Nehru Park, Hyderabad. However, due to political influence of Rama Kotayya's opponent and mafia leader ([[Nizhalgal Ravi]]), and the criminal police system, the group gets replaced during police custody by another unidentified group from a nearby settlement of illiterates and labourers. Aruna celebrates New Year's Eve with her boy friend Teja ([[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]), an orphan, and also a lawyer raised by a hostel warden ([[Vijayachander]]). On that night Teja witnesses the warden offering Teja's photograph to a middle aged stranger ([[Delhi Ganesh]]).

The next morning Teja follows him to the settlement in the outskirts of Hyderabad. It is then revealed that the stranger is his real father who was a burglar and has abandoned Teja in his childhood. Teja also finds out that during his childhood, his mother was raped and killed by a criminal police in the settlement. Hence, Teja's father saves him by handling his responsibilities to the warden who would educate him and raise him as a good lawyer.

Teja gets to know that the settlement is subjected to several [[human rights]] violations, caste [[discrimination]] and atrocities by local politicians and cops who arrest innocent people like Bairagi ([[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]]) with false accusations such as burglary and murder. Teja starts to live in the settlement, and protects the villagers from the atrocities of cops. Teja reaches out and negotiates talks with the district collector [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] to end these atrocities, but the collector fails in his promise due to political pressure and the mafia. Meanwhile, one of the sincere constable from the settlement Deeksheethulu kills a criminal sub inspector, however Teja intervenes and protects the constable from inquiry by another sub inspector phillips ([[Tanikella Bharani]]). How Teja, Aruna and their supporters manage to revolt against the system, and how the mafia leader ([[Nizhalgal Ravi]]) gets apprehended and punished forms the rest of the plot. Finally justice is served in the court of law.

==Cast==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as Teja
*[[Vijayashanti]] as Lawyer Aruna
*[[Vijayachander]] as Hostel warden
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]] as Bairagi
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Phillips
*[[Delhi Ganesh]]
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
*[[Krishna Bhagavaan]]
*[[Brahmaji]]
*[[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Errodu
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as District Collector
*Kakarla
*Vasanth
*Jaya Bhaskar
*Chandra Mouli
*Shanthi Lata
*[[Kamala Kamesh]]
*Anamika
*Priya
*Haritha
*Master Krishna
*Baby Revathy
*Baby Kamakshi
}}

==Production==
The film was initially titled ''Chirutapululu''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stars : Star Interviews : 'Sravanthi' Ravi Kishore – Interview |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/sravanthiravikishore_interview.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407213612/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/sravanthiravikishore_interview.php |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=2012-08-04 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref> The film marked the directorial debut of Uppalapatti Narayana Rao who earlier assisted Vamsy. The shooting was mostly done in Gundrayakuppam, Nagari, Puttur, Madanapally, Horsely Hills (climax) and in Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" />

==Soundtrack==
The film songs composed by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]].<ref name=":1" /> Music released on Lahari Audio Company.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:45
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Okkati Vachayi
| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length1 = 4:56

| title2 = Needalle Vunna
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length2 = 5:04

| title3 = Ennalamma Ennelamma
| lyrics3 = Adrusta Deepak
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 4:55

| title4 = Parugu Theeyani
| lyrics4 = Vennelakanti
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:27

| title5 = Zero Zero Hourlo
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length5 = 5:01
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s political thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:1999 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:1990s crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian legal films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films about discrimination]]
[[Category:Works about articles of the Constitution of India]]

Rengan State

2026-02-28T16:38:03Z

Manpreet23: adding new article w/ refs...

{{Short description|Princely state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Rengan State
|common_name =Rengan
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start =
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = File:Rewa_Kantha_Agency_with_all_Princely_States_Gujarat_during_British_India_1811-1937_with_labels.svg
|image_map_caption = Location of Rengan
|stat_area1 =10.36
|stat_year1 =1931
|stat_pop1 =587
|footnotes =
}}

'''Rengan State''' (or '''Rangan''', '''Regan''') was a minor [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in what is today [[Gujarat State]] India. It was initially administered by the [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 264, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n295/mode/2up</ref> and then by the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1935, p. 102,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347/page/n111/mode/2up</ref> It was part of the 28 Princely States making up the [[Sankheda Mehwas]], estates dating from the fall of Pawagadh in 1484, by Rajputts settling on the south of the territory near the town of Sankheda, from which the Sankheda Mehwas derive their name.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref> The state had a population of 587 and an area of 4 sq miles.<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1939, p. 24, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35598/page/n33/mode/2up</ref>

==History==

The state of [[Baroda]] had imposed a tribute on the Sankheda Mewas, it's extraction causing British intervention in 1822, brokering an agreement where the [[Gaekwar]] received tribute from the states, while their independence was recognised by Baroda, which also promised to respect the petty states' rights.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref>

== Rulers ==

The Rulers held the title of Thakur.

It was held by a variety of shareholders. Between at least 1922 <ref>The Rewakantha directory, p. 122
https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/112/mode/2up</ref> and 1927 <ref>A Collection Of Treaties and Sanads Vol - Xiv (1929), p. 164
https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1302/page/163/mode/2up</ref> the 7 shareholders of Rengan were:

* Thakur Khusalbawa Rasulkhan
* Thakur Sajansing Motabawa (b. 1879)
* Thakur Bhaibava Jorabawa (b. 1888)
* Bai Umedba (widow of Thakur Jesing Alibhai) (b. 1880)
* Thakur Badharkhan Nathkan (b. 1847)
* Chunma (widow of Bapubhai Fatebhai) (b. 1858)
* Thakur Badrudin Umedbhai (b. 1849)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

{{Short description|Village in Gujarat, India}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}

Cherpunkal

2026-02-11T19:06:20Z

Manpreet23: further fixed details for accuracy and fixed typos

{{Redirect|Good Samaritan Centre|other uses|Good Samaritan Hospital (disambiguation)|and|The Good Samaritan (disambiguation)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cherpunkal
| native_name =
ചേർപ്പുങ്കൽ
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Cherpunkal Holy Cross Church DSW.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Cherpunkal Holy Cross Church
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9|41|23|N|76|38|6|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 686 584
| registration_plate = KL- 35
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = pala
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = kottayam
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Tropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
[http://cherpunkalchurch.com/ Holy Cross Church]

[http://www.mutholathauditorium.com Mutholath Auditorium A/c]

| footnotes =
}}

'''Cherpunkal''' is a small town in the [[Kottayam]] district of [[Kerala]] State in India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cherpunkal · Kerala, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cherppunkal,+Kerala,+India/@9.6874088,76.6312372,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3b07d27f48542159:0xc33782240733916b!8m2!3d9.6851531!4d76.6383832?hl=en&shorturl=1 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Cherpunkal · Kerala, India |language=en}}</ref> on the Kottayam-Palai Road, seven kilometers from [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://instagram.com/manuelkolady | title=Manuel (@manuelkolady) • Instagram photos and videos }}</ref>

Cherpunkal is famous for Mar Sleeva Forane Catholic Church,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cherpunkalchurch.com |url=https://cherpunkalchurch.com/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> believed to have been established by [[Thomas the Apostle]]. It is also believed that St.Thomas left his sandals there while taking a bath in a nearby [[Meenachil River]].

== Mar Sleeva Forane Church, Cherpunkal ==
On the southern banks of the [[Meenachil River]] is the Holy Cross Forane Church of Cherpunkal is situated. Mar Sleeva is a [[Syriac language|Syriac]] word which means the [[Christian cross|Holy Cross]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eparchy of Palai - Cherpunkal Holy Cross Forane |url=https://palaidiocese.com/parish_details.php?no=40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021043/https://palaidiocese.com/parish_details.php?no=40 |archive-date=2017-11-07}}</ref> The church belongs to the [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]] and under the diocese of Palai. The church premises sprawl along the river side and include the old and new churches, the presbytery, the old and new parish halls and the swanky buildings housing the High School, the Higher Secondary School and the Bishop Vayalil Memorial Holy Cross College with the terraced church cemetery in the background right across the [[Kezhuvamkulam]] road. The open yard in front of the church can accommodate thousands of people during festivals. The church is visited by thousands of people from far and wide during festivals and on first Fridays.

=== Relics ===
The relics of [[St. Sebastian]], [[St. George]], [[St. Alphonsa]], Blessed [[Thevarparampil Kunjachan]] and of the Holy Cross are kept in the church and are taken out in a procession on feast days. The Holy Cross Church has four chapels at Cherpunkal town, the western junction of the town, [[Kezhuvamkulam]] and Neyyoor in addition to a Grotto of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] at Chempilavu and St Thomas Monument on the bank of [[Meenachil River|Meenachil river]]

=== Parishes ===
The Mar sleeva Forane Church Cherpunkal is under the [[Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Palai]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Eparchy of Palai - Home |url=https://palaidiocese.com/home.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302072240/https://palaidiocese.com/home.php |archive-date=2020-03-02}}</ref> It is a forane church and it has 7 parishes under its jurisdiction. It has become a pilgrim centre because of its association with [[Thomas the Apostle|St.Thomas]].

=== History ===
Tradition has it that the stone laid by St.Thomas ultimately led to the founding of the Mar sleeva Forane Church at Cherpunkal. In the course of his gospel preaching he landed at the Moonnupeedikayil ferry and interacted with the people there. As a result of this contact, members of five families were converted to Christianity and baptized. A cross was believed to have been set up at a place chosen by the apostle. The place where the cross stood, with the passage of time, came to be called Cherpunkal. It is believed that this cross was instrumental in working numerous miracles. In response to several requests sent abroad, a crucifix embossed on a single piece of wood arrived. In accordance with an order issued by the meenachil karthavu, the church built on the northern bank of the Meenachil River was shifted to the southern bank. The foundation stone for the new church was laid on 14 September 1096. The land for the construction of the church was donated by Kallampally Namboothiri, a landlord. The old church, which is still preserved, was built in the 15th century to accommodate the increasing number of believers. The routine of offering the Holy Mass on the main altar for the Kallampally family on 14 September every year still continues. The old church and the presbytery were constructed under the supervision of Rev. Philipose Vattamattathil. The new church was blessed in 1911 by the vicar general Msgr. Cyriac Kannamkary during the tenure of the Vicar Apostolic Mar [[Thomas Kurialacherry]].

=== Relevance of the Church ===
Cherpunkal Holy Cross Forane Church is one of the big churches in the Palai Diocese.<ref name="auto"/> The church was built in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]]. The façade of the church has three arches with a tall belfry behind them; the altar is decorated with gold-coloured patterns; the [[chancel]] is decorated with unfading pictures. In 1958 during the vicariate of Fr. Thomas Plakkat the ceiling work for the roof of the church was done. The portico of the church was built during the time of office of Fr. Francis Mailadoor.

===Festivals===
Every year there is a celebration in commemoration of the stone-laying of the church on the southern bank of the Meenachil River on 14 September, which happens to be the feast of the glorification of the Holy Cross. The most important celebration of the Holy Cross Church is in commemoration of the [[circumcision of Jesus]]. The long celebrations commence with the hoisting of the flag and the subsequent nativity celebrations on 25 December. During the eight days that follow there are devotional services, processions with due ceremonials from all the four corners of the parish, pyrotechnics and numerous artistic performances. The church and its premises are filled to capacity by devotees during the prayers that ring out the old year and ring in the New Year as well as during the ceremonial Holy Mass. A memorial was erected, though after many centuries, in commemoration of the place where the apostle marked the site of the church with a sandal. A plot of land which was in the possession of Mathew Kurian Valepeedikayil was handed over to the church in 1927 on the condition of a yearly High Holy Mass for the members of his family and on this land Rev. Dr. Augustine Kachiramattam built the memorial in 1988. It was blessed by the Bishop of Palai, Mar Joseph Pallickaparampil.

===Pilgrim Center===
The Holy Cross Church at Cherpunkal is now a renowned pilgrim centre. The church is said to have been started by St.Thomas by erecting a cross. The devotion to [[Infant Jesus]], the Novena associated with it and the offering of gingelly oil and gold made this church a pilgrim destination. The long tradition of offering oil at the Holy Cross Church is based on a bible-centered Jewish observance.

Special services are held on the first Friday of every month, with the offering of oil for the ever burning lamp. The novena prayers, which give solace and hope to many, were prepared by the assistant vicar Fr. Jose Eanthanal in 1977. It is customary for devotees to offer gold items to Infant Jesus.

===Various developments===
Fr.Jacob Mannalal serving as vicar during 1969-70 divided the parish into 30 wards. The representatives from these 30 wards who assemble once every month with the vicar in the chair, take decisions about the administration of the church. In order to overcome the difficulties caused by the bifurcation of the parish into two parts by the Meenachil River a bridge was built under the leadership of Fr. Francis Mailadoor with the help of contributions from the church and the parishioners. A three storied building was constructed in 1988 for the high school that started functioning with the 8th standard in 1982. In 1984 the church was elevated to the status of a Forane church. In 1991 Bishop Mar Joseph Pallickaparampil blessed the chapel built by Fr. Cyriac Kunnel in the Cherpunkal town. When the number of devotees offering oil increased the present portico was built and the statue of [[Infant Jesus]] was placed in the portico in front of the main door of the church and a new lamp was erected for devotees to pour oil. The Bishop Vayalil memorial Holy Cross College was started in 1995 with the concurrence of the government and the [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]. In 2002 the St. Sebastian church was completed at Kidangoor on a plot of one acre and eight cents of land donated by Fr. Sebastian Chempakassery who belonged to the Cherpunkal parish. A new block was built in 1998 to house the newly introduced higher secondary course. The blessing of the Mar Sleeva Parish Hall took place in 2001. As an extension of the old presbytery, a two-storied block was constructed under the leadership of Fr. Abraham Kaniyampadikal to house the vicar's office on the first floor and the Infant Jesus stall on the ground floor for the sale of religious books and other articles. Though the stall was started in 2005 the administrative block had been completed in 2002. In 2006 the nursery school which had been functioning in the old parish hall was shifted to the new school building. In 2006 a new three-storey building was constructed for the BVM Holy Cross College under the guidance of Fr. Abraham Kaniyampadikal. Its inauguration took place in April 2006. Though the feast of the purification of Our Lady on the first of January is the chief celebration, there are other celebrations also including the feast commemorating the foundation day of the church on 14 September, the feast of St. Alphonsa in July and the feast of St. Joseph in March. In addition to these celebrations the feasts of [[St. Sebastian]], [[St. George]] and [[Our Lady of Sorrows]] are also observed.

==SS. Peter and Paul Church, Cherpunkal==

[[File:Madbaha.jpg|thumb|Sanctuary (Madbaha) of SS. Peter and Paul Knanaya Catholic Church at Cherpunkal.]]
The members of the Saints Peter and Paul Church at Cherpunkal are [[Knanaya]] Catholics belonging to the Catholic Archdiocese of Kottayam under [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]]. The parish was established in 1914 at Kalloor property and is relocated on 14 February 1993 at Cherpunkal Junction. The parish now serves 1050 members belonging to 210 families.<ref name="auto1">Parish Directory 2007, Ss. Peter & Paul Church, Kalloor, Cherpunkal, page 7.</ref>

===Feasts===
The main feast of the parish is of [[Saint Sebastian]] that is celebrated on the last Sunday of the season of [[Epiphany season|Denha]]. Other feasts that the parish celebrates are feast of [[Saint George]] on 24 April, [[Saint Peter]] and [[Saint Paul]] on 29 June, and [[Nativity of Mary]] on 8 September. The parish conducts 12-hour adoration on 21 December.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Organizations===
The parish has the following pious associations: [[Society of Saint Vincent de Paul]], [[Cherupushpa Mission League]], [[Legion of Mary]], and [[Association of the Holy Childhood]]. Knanaya Catholic Youth League (KCYL) and Knanaya Catholic Women Association (KCWA) are the lay associations of the parish. Parish also has 7 Koodarayogams (ward prayer groups).

===Shrines===
[[File:Kalloor old church.jpg|thumb|SS. Peter and Paul Old Church now used as a shrine and cemetery church]]
[[File:Old church entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance Gate to the Cemetery and old Church.]]
The old church at Kalloor property is now a shrine and cemetery church. The cemetery of the parish is close to this shrine. The entrance to this old church is reconstructed at the supervision and expense of Stany Joseph Mulavelippurath.

Parish also has a shrine of St. Sebastian beside Cherpunkal-Palayam Road. The land for this shrine was donated by Ouseph Joseph Mulavelippurath and the renewed shrine was constructed at the expense of his son Stany Mulavelippurath. The Auxiliary bishop of Kottayam Mar Joseph Pandarasseril blessed this shrine on 1 February 2008.<ref>P.J. John Pathiplakkil, Centenary Souvenir, SS. Peter and Paul Church, Cherpunkal p. 47.</ref>

===Convent===
[[File:Kudumbarani Institute.jpg|thumb|Kudumarani Institute administered by sisters of Visitation Convent at Cherpunkal.]]
The parish has had a Visitation Convent since 13 July 1995. The convent started a tailoring school and training for ladies on home nursing. Later sisters started a ladies hostel called Kudumba-rani considering the need of the area. They also serve at Agape Bhavan and Good Samaritan Centre at Cherpunkal, Little Lourde Hospital and St. Mary's Higher Secondary School at Kidangoor. Besides social service, sisters serve in all the pastoral and liturgical activities of the parish.<ref>Sr. Ramani SVM, Centenary Souvenir, SS. Peter and Paul Church, Cherpunkal p. 102.</ref>

===History===
[[File:Cherpunkal St Sebastian Shrine.jpg|thumb|St. Sebastian Shrine at Cherpunkal Palayam roadside.]]
Centuries ago, a few Knanaya Catholic families migrated to Cheupunkal area. They were members of Paingalam old church established on 8 September 1560 by Knanaya Catholics. After 179 years, the non-Knanaya Catholics who migrated to that area requested to be served by this parish. Their request was granted without any share in the administration of the parish. This situation continued until 1737.<ref>P.J. John Pathiplakkil, Centenary Souvenir, SS. Peter and Paul Church, Cherpunkal p. 44.</ref> While continuing their official membership at Paingalam old church, the Knanaya Catholics at Cherpunkal also used to meet their spiritual needs at Holy Cross Church, Cherpunkal.

The Knanaya Catholics in Cherpunkal area used to have monthly get-together for prayer and social gathering along with food. They also used to collect four chakram ([[Travancore Rupee]]) from each family during these meetings.<ref name="kottayamad.org">{{cite web|url=http://kottayamad.org/ss-peter-paul-knanaya-catholic-church-cherpunkal/|title=THE ARCHEPARCHY OF KOTTAYAM – Leading the Knanaya Community – SS. Peter & Paul Knanaya Catholic Church, Cherpunkal|website=kottayamad.org|date=7 August 2013}}</ref> Making use of the fund they raised, they wished to have their own Knanaya Catholic Church at Cherpunkal so that they can avoid difficult journey of six kilometers to Paingalam for services like baptism, wedding, and funeral.

After the establishment of the Diocese of Kottayam on 29 August 1911 exclusively for Knanaya Catholics by [[Pope Pius X]],<ref>The Diocese of Kottayam Platinum Jubilee Souvenir 1911-1986, Jyothi Book House Kottayam, pp. 60-61</ref> partition was made between Knanaya and non-Knanaya parishioners of the Paingalam church on 14 November 1912.<ref name="auto2">Parish Directory 2007, Ss. Peter & Paul Church, Kalloor, Cherpunkal, page 3.</ref> At that time 1278 members belonged to 225 Knanaya Catholic families and 376 members of 73 families belonged to non-Knanaya families. The estimated value of church building and other properties was Rs. 10,000. The non-Knanaya Catholics got the church and Knanaya Catholics received Rs. 5,000.<ref name="kottayamad.org"/> With that money Knanaya Catholics bought a property at Cherukara hills and constructed a small church, which was blessed by Bishop Mar [[Matthew Makil]] on 15 August 1913.Bishop [Makil also laid the foundation stone for a bigger church, which was built under the leadership of Fr. Makil Luke Sr. and consecrated by Bishop Mar [[Alexander Chulaparambil]] on 22 February 1922.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kottayamad.org/st-marys-knanaya-catholic-church-cherukara/|title=THE ARCHEPARCHY OF KOTTAYAM – Leading the Knanaya Community – St. Mary's Knanaya Catholic Church, Cherukara|website=kottayamad.org|date=8 August 2013}}</ref>

During the construction of the Paingalam Cherukara church, the Knanaya Catholics of Cherpunkal approached Bishop Mar Mathew Makil, the then bishop of Kottayam, for permission to construct a separate church for themselves at Cherpunkal; however, this request was not granted. The Knanaya Catholics bought a plot of land with their money collected during their monthly prayer for a Knanaya church at Cherpunkal. Their original intention was to construct the church at Puthettu property. However, because of a government ordinance against constructing any more churches in Kidangoor Village based on an issue arose from the construction of Kindangoor St. Mary's Knanaya Catholic Church, they sold Puthettu property and bought Kalloor property outside the boundary of Kidangoor village across Chakini thodu (ചകിണി തോട്) (Stream leading to [[Meenachil River]]).

Since construction of Paingalam Cherukara church was also going on, this church at Cherpunkal did not get any financial support from mother church at that time. There were only 50 Kananaya Catholic families at Cherpunkal. Contributions were collected in cash and labor from the Knanaya Catholics of Cherpunkal. Collections were also received from people of Cherpunkal and nearby villages under the leadership of Varikattu Chandy Chacko. The leaders of this construction were Pandiyamthottil Thomman, Thengumthottathil Ouseph, Mulavelipurath Pothen, Varikattu Chacko, and Mutholath Chacko.<ref name="auto2"/>

The planning and collection for the church started in 1911, permission for the church construction was received from the bishop in 1913 and the church was blessed as the parish unit of Paingalam Cherukara church in 1914. Vicar of Paingalam Cherukara church, Fr. Makil Luke Senior blessed the church and offered first mass on 29 June 1914 with authorization from Bishop Mar [[Alexander Chulaparambil]].

Fr. Kottoor John Senior was appointed as the first pro-vicar of the church under the Paingalam Cherukara Church. There were discussions on who would be the patron saint of the parish. That was finalized by taking lot as the will of God. Thus, [[Saint Peter]] and [[Saint Paul]] were selected as patron saints of the parish. This church at Kalloor, Cherpunkal was elevated as a full-fledged parish on 14 March 1919.<ref>Parish Directory 2007, Ss. Peter & Paul Church, Kalloor, Cherpunkal, page 4.</ref>

There were many unfavorable circumstances for the location of the Kalloor Church that prompted for a relocation of the church to Cherpunkal junction:
(1) This church was not at a central location for majority of the parishioners but had to be built there because of the difficulty to get government permission. That restriction was before Indian independence and with democracy that restriction is gone.
(2) The church was on a hill with many steps to climb. So it was difficult for the sick and elderly people to reach the church.
(3) Later establishment of a rubber processing factory near the church caused bad smell.
(4) The parish had a small shrine at Cherpunkal junction.

The parishioners purchased more land adjacent to the shrine on 25 August 1987 and built a new church replacing the shrine. Bishop Mar [[Kuriakose Kunnacherry]] laid foundation stone for the construction of the new church at Cherpunkal Junction on 14 January 1990. With great support from the parishioners and generous contribution of others, the church construction was completed under the leadership of Fr. John Kainikkaraparayil. Bishop Mar Kuriakose Kunnacherry consecrated the church 14 February 1993.

The Visitation Congregation of the Archdiocese of Kottayam started their convent at Cherpunkal near SS. Peter and Paul Church Cherpunkal in 1995.<ref name="kottayamad.org"/> A parish hall was also constructed at the back of the church at the initiative of Fr. Abraham Mutholath and leadership of Fr. Mathew Mavelil. A substantial amount was also contributed in memory of Late Chacko Kurian Mutholath by his children.

The first anniversary of the ward meetings (Koodarayogams) was held in a large scale on 19 November 2006. On the same day the vault construction in memory of Late Mr. Mathai and Mrs. Mariamma Valloor donated by their children was blessed by Archbishop Mar Mathew Moolakkatt.<ref>Parish Directory 2007, Ss. Peter & Paul Church, Kalloor, Cherpunkal, page 5.</ref>

Fr. Abraham Mutholath, a priest from this parish bought 39 cents of land and constructed a building at Agape Junction called Agape Bhavan for social service with special importance to the Community Based Rehabilitation of the physically and mentally disabled or differently abled. This was his contribution to Kottayam Social Service Society as a souvenir of the 25th anniversary of his ordination to priesthood. He later contributed land and building for Good Samaritan Center for the welfare of deaf-blind children. Mutholath Auditorium<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mutholathauditorium.com/|title=Mutholath Auditorium | mutholathauditorium|website=mutholathauditorium.com}}</ref> is also constructed in the same campus under the ownership of Kottayam Social Service Society to support the expenses of Agape Bhavan and Good Samaritan Center. The whole project location is now known as Mutholath Nagar.

==Mutholath Nagar, Cherpunkal==
'''Mutholath<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |title=Mutholath Family - Cherpunkal in Kottayam District in Kerala State, India |url=https://mutholath.com/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Mutholath Family |language=en-US}}</ref> Nagar'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=MUTHOLATH NAGAR |url=http://mutholathauditorium.com/mutholathnagar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305220437/http://mutholathauditorium.com/mutholathnagar.html |archive-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> is a designated area for social service at Cherpunkal village in [[Kottayam]] district between [[Ettumanoor]] and [[Palai]]. The location is at Cherpunkal on the bypass roadside of Ettumanoor–Palai road.

Main social service institutions at Mutholath Nagar are Good Samaritan Resource Centre,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GOOD SAMARITAN RESOURCE CENTRE, CHERPUNKAL |url=http://mutholathauditorium.com/samaritan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307205730/http://mutholathauditorium.com/samaritan.html |archive-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> Agape Bhavan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agape Bhavan at Cherpunkal |url=http://mutholathauditorium.com/agapebhavan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306104743/http://mutholathauditorium.com/agapebhavan.html |archive-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> and Mutholath Auditorium<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Mutholath Auditorium {{!}} mutholathauditorium |url=https://mutholathauditorium.com/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=mutholathauditorium.com}}</ref> that are owned and operated by Kottayam Social Service Society (KSSS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kottayam Social Service Society - KSSS {{!}} Kottayam Social Service Society |url=http://www.ksss.in/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> KSSS is the official social service department of the Archdiocese of Kottayam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-02 |title=HOME {{!}} THE ARCHEPARCHY OF KOTTAYAM {{!}} Leading the Knanaya Community |url=https://kottayamad.org/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

KSSS is a registered non-profit organization of the Catholic Archdiocese of Kottayam established in 1964 to organize social service activities for all people that are [[Below Poverty Line|below poverty line]]. KSSS organizes self-help groups of the marginalized sections such as women, farmers, widows, and disabled. The society aims at empowering the people for development. Kottayam Social Service Society is a pioneer in the [[Community-based rehabilitation]] (CBR) for persons with disability in Kerala.

The land for the Mutholath Nagar was donated by M.C. Chacko and Achamma Mutholath<ref name="auto4"/> and the buildings were sponsored in their memory by Fr. Abraham Mutholath who is from St. Peter and Paul Church, Cherpunkal and is a priest of the Archdiocese of Kottayam. Fr. Abraham Mutholath is the former vicar general of the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-24 |title=Home |url=https://stthomasdiocese.org/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Good Samaritan Centre===

'''Good Samaritan Resource Centre''' is located at Mutholath Nagar in Cherpunkal is an Ability Development Centre inaugurated on 21 August 2011 by Minister of Kerala Mr. K.M. Mani and presided by Archbishop Mar Mathew Moolakkatt. This center functions as the State Learning Centre for the Rehabilitation of Deafblind Persons with all types of disabilities. Its services focus on the integral development of persons with disabilities so that they develop their available talents, become self-reliant as much as possible, and generate income for their living if possible. The centre also educate the family of the disabled for a positive attitude towards the disabled member in their family. Good Samaritan Resource Centre is unique in its services, offering holistic care and rehabilitation services for the Persons with Deafblindness<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deafblindness |url=https://www.sense.org.uk/information-and-advice/conditions/deafblindness/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Sense |language=en-GB}}</ref> and Persons with Multiple Sensory Impairment (MSI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sensory support service |url=https://www.bristol.gov.uk/sensory-support-service |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Bristol City Council |language=en-gb}}</ref>

===Agape Bhavan===

'''Agape Bhavan''' is situated Agape Junction<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agape Junction. അഗാപ്പെ ജംഗ്ഷൻ · Agape Road, Cherpunkal, Kerala 686574, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Agape+Junction/@9.6971049,76.6364913,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3b07d2765eb1479d:0x56e40df0f3737598!8m2!3d9.6971049!4d76.63868?hl=en&shorturl=1 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Agape Junction. അഗാപ്പെ ജംഗ്ഷൻ · Agape Road, Cherpunkal, Kerala 686574, India |language=en}}</ref> half kilometer north of Cherpunkal Junction on the side of Cherpunkal-Palayam road. This institution serves the physically and mentally disabled persons and their families. It also has a notebook making unit and paper bag production unit for nearby hospitals that support the disabled and members of the self-help groups in the area. The institution started functioning in a newly constructed classroom on 16 August 2014. The fully constructed building was blessed by Archbishop Mar Kuriakose Kunnacherry in the presence of Mar Mathew Moolakkatt and inaugurated by the then Finance Minister of Kerala Mr. K.M. Mani on 2 January 2006. The land and building were donated by Fr. Abraham Mutholath on the 25th anniversary of his priestly ordination.

===Mutholath Auditorium===

'''Mutholath Auditorium'''<ref name="auto3"/> is constructed at Mutholath Nagar for the training and gathering of social workers in the state or local level. This air-conditioned auditorium is also available for service to the public at reasonable facility usage fee. Its revenue is fully used for the maintenance of Good Samaritan Centre and Agape Bhavan at Cherpunkal. This auditorium was blessed and inaugurated by Major Archbishop of the Syro Malabar Church Mar George Cardinal Alencherry 14 February 2017. Mar Mathew Moolakkattu presided over the meeting. On this day Cardinal Alancherry requested Archbishop Mar Mathew Moolakkattu to name the campus, Mutholath Nagar.

=== Impact Centre ===
'''Impact Centre<ref>{{Cite web|title=IMPACT CENTRE|url=https://mutholathnagar.com/impact.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=mutholathnagar.com}}</ref>''' is an addition at Mutholath Nagar donated by Fr. Abraham Mutholath as part of the Ruby Jubilee celebration of his priestly ordination. This is to provide additional accommodation facility for the training programs at Good Samaritan Centre, It also provides accommodation for visitors from outside for temporary stay for vacation or to make wedding arrangements at the Mutholath Auditorium. Archbishop Mar Mathew Moolakkatt laid foundation stone for Impact Centre on 27 October 2019. After the completion of the building Mar Moolakkatt blessed and inaugurated the Impact Centre on 13 December 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=IMPACT CENTRE Inauguration at Mutholath Nagar, Cherpunkal on December 13, 2020 {{!}} KNANAYAVOICE| date=12 December 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-o9qs7cRAYE|language=en|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=KSSS Impact Centre Inauguration – Kottayam Social Service Society|url=http://www.ksss.in/gallery-items/ksss-impact-centre-inauguration/|access-date=2021-03-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ചേര്‍പ്പുങ്കല്‍ ഇംപാക്ട് സെന്ററിന്റെ ആശീര്‍വാദ കര്‍മ്മവും ഉദ്ഘാടനവും 13ന്|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/global-malayali/us/2020/12/12/inauguration-of-cherpunkal-impact-centre.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ചേര്‍പ്പുങ്കല്‍ ഇംപാക്ട് സെന്ററിന്റെ ആശീര്‍വാദകര്‍മ്മവും, ഉദ്ഘാടനവും ഡിസംബര്‍ 13 ന്|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/nri/america/news/cherpunkal-impact-1.5274678|access-date=2021-03-26|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>

File:Agape Centre.jpg|Agape Centre at Cherpunkal for training of Physically and Mentally challenged.
File:Good samaritan.jpg|Good Samaritan Centre at Mutholath Nagar, Cherpunkal for the training of blind and deaf and their trainers.
File:Inaugural meeting of Mutholath Auditorium.jpg|Inaugural meeting of Mutholath Auditorium at Mutholath Nagar, Cherpunkal.
File:Mutholath Auditorium built to support the blind and deaf programs..jpg|Mutholath Auditorium built to support the blind and deaf programs at Mutholath Nagar, Cherpunkal.
File:Entrance of Mutholath Nagar.jpg|Entrance of Mutholath Nagar that leads to Good Samaritan Centre and Mutholath Auditorium at Cherpunkal.
File:Sign Board of Mutholath Nagar institutions..jpg|Sign Board of Mutholath Nagar institutions at Cherpunkal.
File:Impact Centre.jpg|Impact Centre at Mutholath Nagar Cherpunkal inaugurated on 13 December 2020.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Cherpunkal Unit, KCYL. (2007). ''Parish Directory – 2007.'' Cherpunkal: Ss. Peter & Paul Church.
* Mutholath, Fr. Abraham (Ed.) (1993). Consecration Souvenir of Cherpunkal New Church.
* Vicar, Rev. Fr. (2014). ''Sathabdhi Smaranika 1914-2014''. Cherpunkal: SS. Peter & Paul Church.

== External links ==
* [http://cherpunkalchurch.com Holy Cross Forane Church, Cherpunkal]
* [http://www.mutholathauditorium.com Mutholath Auditorium A/c]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMF6ENLYsvE Short video on Mutholath Auditorium]
*[https://mutholathnagar.com/ Mutholath Nagar]
*[http://frabrahamfoundation.com/ Fr. Abraham Mutholathu Foundation]
* [http://www.ksss.in/ Kottayam Social Service Society]

{{Kottayam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kottayam district]]

Rajnish Rai

2026-02-11T08:33:30Z

Manpreet23: adding new details more to come

{{Short description|Police officer in India}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajnish Rai
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
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| other_names =
| occupation = police officer, professor
| years_active =
| known_for = investigation of [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]]
| notable_works =
}}

'''Rajnish Rai''' was a [[Deputy inspector general of police]] for the [[Indian Police Service]]. He began service after graduating with the 1992 cadre.<ref name="Trivedi 2018"/> In 2019 he joined the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] as an assistant professor.<ref name="Jha June 2019"/>

Rai is known for arresting fellow police officers [[D G Vanzara]], [[R K Pandian]], and [[Dinesh M N]] in connection with the 2005 [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]].<ref name="Mahurkar May 2007"/><ref name="Statesman August 2018"/> These early claims put Rai in conflict with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s government.<ref name="India Today August 2011"/> Later Rai would have conflicts with the government, including for his claims of corruption in the [[Jaduguda uranium mine]], army killings of members of the [[National Democratic Front of Boroland]], for accusing the government of harassing him, and for seeking early retirement from government service.<ref name="Jha October 2017"/>

==Investigation of death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh==
Rai took orders from the [[Supreme Court of India]] to probe the 2005 [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]]. On 27 April 2007 his investigation led to him arresting three [[Indian Police Service]] officers, [[D G Vanzara]], [[R K Pandian]], and [[Dinesh M N]].<ref name="Mahurkar May 2007">{{cite web |last1=Mahurkar |first1=Uday |last2=Parijar |first2=Rohit |title=IPS officers D G Vanzara, R K Pandian arrested in Sohrabuddin's encounter case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20070507-ips-officers-arrested-for-fake-encounters-748457-2007-05-07 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |date=7 May 2007}}</ref><ref name="Statesman August 2018"/> When he made these arrests he did so without the permission of Gujarat home minister Amit Shah.<ref name="Misra 2007">{{cite web |last1=Misra |first1=R.K. |title=Slug In The Belly |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/slug-in-the-belly/234620 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=14 May 2007}}</ref> Following the arrests the state took Rai off the case and returned it to [[Geetha Johri]], who had originally investigated it.<ref name="Misra 2007"/><ref>{{cite web |author1=NDTV Correspondent |title=Who is Geeta Johri? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-geeta-johri-425610 |website=[[NDTV]] |date=30 July 2010}}</ref>

The supposed motivations for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] to support the police officers involved in the killings was that these police were Gujarati in the home state of high ranking politicians, and that the killed people were said to be terrorists, and the party's image benefited from eliminating terrorism.<ref name="Trivedi 2018">{{cite web |last1=Trivedi |first1=Deepal |title=Hounded by govt, whistleblower IPS officer Rajnish Rai sheds his uniform |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/cover-story/hounded-by-govt-whistleblower-ips-officer-sheds-his-uniform/articleshow/65585576.cms |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en |date=29 August 2018}}</ref> The three officers whom Rai arrested were said to be close to politician [[Amit Shah]] and also involved in the [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]], the [[Ishrat Jahan case]], and the [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing]].<ref name="Trivedi 2018"/> In arresting these police officers Rai came into conflict with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s BJP government.<ref name="India Today August 2011">{{cite web |author1=Headlines Today Bureau |title=DIG Rajnish Rai joins battle against Narendra Modi government |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/dig-rajnish-rai-battle-narendra-modi-government-gujarat-ips-officer-139209-2011-08-12 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |date=12 August 2011}}</ref>

Before Tulsiram was killed, Rai reported his statement that he feared that police would kill him in a [[fake encounter]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Times News Network |title=CBI exposes fixer No.1 O P Mathur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/CBI-exposes-fixer-No-1-O-P-Mathur/articleshow/16482099.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en |date=21 September 2012}}</ref>

==Claim of corruption in uranium mining==
In April 2015 the government gave Rai a new posting to the [[Central Reserve Police Force]]. In this role he was to move to [[Jadugora]], a remote location were the [[Uranium Corporation of India]] operates the [[Jaduguda uranium mine]].<ref name="Jha 2015">{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Satish |title=Sohrab investigator IPS Rajnish Rai gets fresh posting, this time in CRPF |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/sohrab-investigator-ips-rajnish-rai-gets-fresh-posting-this-time-in-crpf/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=7 April 2015}}</ref> Rai complained of the remoteness of the transfer, saying that it would separate him from his family.<ref name="Jha 2015"/> Rai also claimed that this posting was a government punishment due to his role in arresting other police officers in the [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]].<ref name="Jha 2015"/>

His role in this post was as chief vigilance officer in accord with [[Central Vigilance Commission]] guidelines.<ref name="Jha October 2017">{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Satish |last2=Tripathi |first2=Rahul |title=CAT stays investigation against whistleblower Gujarat IPS officer Rajnish Rai |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cat-stays-investigation-against-whistleblower-ex-gujarat-ips-officer-rajnish-rai-4895855/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |date=18 October 2017}}</ref> In this role Rai made claims of massive corruption amounting to theft of [[crores]] of rupees.<ref name="Jha October 2017"/> Rai's report claimed corruption in awarding the government contract to conduct uranium mining.<ref name="Bhatnagar July 2018">{{cite web |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Gaurav Vivek |title=Modi Govt yet to Act on Alleged Corruption in Uranium Contracts, Hounds Whistleblower Instead |url=https://thewire.in/government/modi-govt-yet-to-act-on-alleged-corruption-in-uranium-contracts-hounds-whistleblower-instead |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=13 July 2018}}</ref> The nature of corruption was dismissing lower bids from eligible contractors due to technicalities in completing a form, while overlooking comparable errors in the form of the selected contractor's significantly higher bid.<ref name="Bhatnagar July 2018"/> Overall, Rai wanted investigation of various contracts over 2008-2015 and amounting to Rs 970 crore.<ref name="Bhatnagar July 2018"/>

He also reported that the Indian army including the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] had killed two members of the [[National Democratic Front of Boroland]] in a fake [[police encounter]].<ref name="Jha October 2017"/> The killing happened on 30 March, and Rai documented the investigation on 17 April.<ref name="Tiwary 2017">{{cite web |last1=Tiwary |first1=Deeptiman |title=CRPF IG Rajnish Rai, who called Assam encounter fake, is shunted |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/crpf-ig-rajnish-rai-who-called-assam-encounter-fake-is-shunted-4702960/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |date=14 June 2017}}</ref> In his report, Rai claimed that multiple government agencies coordinated to perform the killing.<ref name="Tiwary 2017"/> In June 2017 the government transferred Rai to another post with immediate effect and the unusual order that he need not give any orientation to the person replacing him at his post.<ref name="Tiwary 2017"/><ref>{{cite web |author1=Scroll Staff |title=CRPF inspector general who alleged fake encounter in Assam has been transferred: Report |url=https://scroll.in/latest/840633/crpf-inspector-general-who-alleged-fake-encounter-in-assam-has-been-transferred-report |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=14 June 2017}}</ref>

When he reported these things to the Ranchi office of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], the Home Ministry issued a criminal [[chargesheet]] against him which included accusations that he incorrectly or inappropriately conducted the investigation.<ref name="Jha October 2017"/> The chargesheet also had the effect of making Rai ineligible for an anticipated promotion.<ref name="Jha October 2017"/>

==Leaving civil service==
[[Rahul Sharma (Gujarat police)|Rahul Sharma]], a former police officer turned civil rights lawyer, has represented Rai in his complaints about harassment following his whistleblower activity.<ref name="Shaikh 2018">{{cite web |last1=Shaikh |first1=Sarfaraz |title=Sohrabuddin Sheikh case: Rajnish Rai, Gujarat IPS officer, who handled Sohrabuddin case suspended |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/rajnish-rai-cop-who-probed-sohrabuddin-sheikh-case-suspended/articleshow/67186815.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |date=21 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SabrangIndia Oct 2019">{{cite web |author1=SabrangIndia |title=Why is Rajnish Rai still a thorn in the BJP's flesh? |url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/why-rajnish-rai-still-thorn-bjps-flesh |website=SabrangIndia |language=en |date=16 October 2019}}</ref>

Rai claimed that academic test observers harassed him with cheating accusations while he sought his [[Legal education in India|undergraduate law degree]].<ref name="Statesman August 2018"/> The [[Gujarat High Court]] considered the cheating allegations and reported finding no evidence to support them.<ref name="Outlook October 2008">{{cite web |title=HC quashes GU decision on IPS officer Rajnish Rai |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/hc-quashes-gu-decision-on-ips-officer-rajnish-rai/624964 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=25 October 2008}}</ref> Later when Rai sought employment at the [[Indian Institute of Management Udaipur]] he instead received a transfer to faraway [[Shillong]].<ref name="Statesman August 2018"/><ref name="SabrangIndia Oct 2019"/>

In August 2018 Rai attempted to retire from the police service.<ref name="Statesman August 2018">{{cite web |author1=Statesman News Service |title=Gujarat IPS officer who probed fake encounter quits service |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/gujarat-ips-officer-who-probed-fake-encounter-quits-service-1502679228.html |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=30 August 2018}}</ref> After submitting his 3-month notice to retire, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] rejected his request.<ref name="Shaikh 2018"/> Rai claims that he left his post three months after giving notice to retire, while the government claims that Rai abandoned his post.<ref name="IANS December 2018">{{cite web |author1=Indo-Asian News Service |author1-link=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Centre suspends IPS officer Rajnish Rai |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/centre-suspends-ips-officer-rajnish-rai-118122001349_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=20 December 2018}}</ref> After Rai quit coming to work, he got a suspension.<ref name="IANS December 2018"/> The ministry also ordered him to leave his home to relocate to [[Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh]] during his suspension.<ref name="Shaikh 2018"/> His lawyer Sharma has argued that people can choose to retire, and that after his 3-month notice, he is retired and the government cannot suspend him.<ref name="Shaikh 2018"/> Had Rai not sought early retirement from the civil service, his expected year of retirement would have been 2025.<ref name="Trivedi 2018"/>

Following his leave from government service Rai joined the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] as an assistant professor.<ref name="Jha June 2019">{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Satish |title=Sohrab investigator IPS officer Rajnish Rai joins IIM-A |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/sohrab-investigator-ips-officer-rajnish-rai-joins-iim-a-741589.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |date=20 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="SabrangIndia Oct 2019"/><ref name="Jha August 2019">{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Satish |title=HC relief to 'ex-IPS' turned professor Rajnish Rai |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/hc-relief-to-ex-ips-turned-professor-rajnish-rai-754352.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |date=14 August 2019}}</ref> The Ministry of Home Affairs requested that this school not appoint Rai while he is suspended, but the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]] replied by saying that the school is autonomous and manages itself.<ref name="SabrangIndia Oct 2019"/><ref name="Jha August 2019"/>

==Recognition==
''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' praised Rai along with [[Sanjiv Bhatt]] and [[Rahul Sharma (Gujarat police)|Rahul Sharma]] as being among the senior IPS officers who had been defending the constitutional rights and law since the [[2002 Gujarat riots]].<ref name="Statesman August 2018"/>

''[[Hindustan Times]]'' praised Rai for his courage in as a [[whistleblower]] in the encounter killings of Sohrabuddin Sheikh, Sohra's wife, Tulsiram, and the NDFB members.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mander |first1=Harsh |title=These senior IPS officers are examples of a different kind of courage in uniform |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/these-senior-ips-officers-are-examples-of-a-different-kind-of-courage-in-uniform/story-z7ZbMoth5qFIqJeVLP9TGP.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |date=15 June 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian whistleblowers]]

Single-elimination tournament

2026-02-11T01:02:41Z

Manpreet23: edit

{{Short description|Tournament format in which the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated}}

A '''single-elimination knockout''', or '''sudden-death tournament''' is a type of [[elimination tournament]] where the loser of a match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion(s). Some match-ups may be a single match or several, for example [[two-legged tie]]s in European sports or [[best-of series]] in North American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example, a [[third place playoff]] between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout [[poker tournament]], there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progresses to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, often called [[playoffs]].<ref name="SportScienceCenter">{{cite web|title=Knock-Out tournament|url=https://sportsciencecorner.blogspot.com/2023/08/knock-out-tournament.html|website=Sport Science Corner|date=21 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref>

The format is widely used in [[Racket (sports equipment)|racket]]-based sports (including [[tennis]] and [[badminton]]), in major [[combat sport]] tournaments (including [[wrestling]] and [[amateur boxing]]), and in [[association football]] and [[handball]] where it is used for many of the annual cup tournaments that are played alongside the national [[round-robin tournament]] leagues. In North American team sports, the format is most known from the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[basketball]] championships.

==Nomenclature==
{{Anchor|Round of 8|Round of 4|Round of 2}}
{{Redirect|Final round||Final Round (disambiguation){{!}}Final Round}}
In [[English language|English]], the round in which only eight competitors remain is generally called (with or without hyphenation) the ''quarter-final'' round; this is followed by the ''semi-final'' round, in which only four are left, the two winners of which then meet in the ''final'' or ''championship round''.

{{Anchor|Round of 16}}
The round before the quarterfinals has multiple designations. Often it is called the ''round of sixteen'', ''last sixteen'', or (in South Asia) ''pre-quarterfinals''. In many other languages the term for these eight matches translates to ''eighth-final'' (e.g., in these European languages: "huitième de finale" in [[French language|French]], "achtste finale" in Dutch, ''octavos de final'' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], ''Achtelfinale'' in [[German language|German]], ''åttondelsfinal'' in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], ''ottavi di finale'' in [[Italian language|Italian]], ''oitavos-de-final'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], ''optimi de finală'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]], ''osmifinále'' in [[Czech language|Czech]], ''osemfinále'' in [[Slovak language|Slovak]], and ''osmina finala'' in [[Serbo-Croatian]]), though this term is rare in English itself, with noticeable use in American debate tournaments.

For the [[National Hot Rod Association]] (NHRA) [[drag racing]] rounds in the US, their rounds are 1st round for the Round of 16, 2nd round for the Round of 8 ("Quarterfinal"), semifinal for the round of 4, and final for the round of 2.

{{Anchor|Round of 32}}
The round before the round of sixteen is sometimes called ''round of thirty-two'' in English. Terms for this in other languages generally translate as "sixteenth final".

{{Anchor|Round of 64|Round of 128}}
Earlier rounds are typically numbered counting forwards from the first round, or by the number of remaining competitors. If some competitors get a [[bye (sports)|bye]], the round at which they enter may be named the ''first round'', with the earlier matches called a ''preliminary round'', ''qualifying round'', ''opening round'', or the ''play-in games''.

Examples of the diverse names given to concurrent rounds in various select disciplines:
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! By competitors
! Fraction of final
! [[Grand Slam tennis]]{{refn|group=t|In singles only (the other disciplines have fewer rounds)}}
! [[FA Cup]] football
![[Coupe de France]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fff.fr/competitions/php/coupe/coupe_resultat_cfra.php?cp_no=264761&ph_no=2&sa_no=2011&gp_no=1&pj_no=2|title=Coupe de France : football, résultats, calendrier, reportage, photos|publisher=[[French Football Federation]]|language=fr|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719133732/http://www.fff.fr/competitions/php/coupe/coupe_resultat_cfra.php?cp_no=264761&ph_no=2&sa_no=2011&gp_no=1&pj_no=2|archive-date=19 July 2012}}</ref>
! [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA Men's Basketball]]
![[North American Debating Championship]]
![[Snooker]]
|-
! Round of 2
! [[Final (competition)|Final]]
| Final
| [[FA Cup Final|Final]]
| Final
| National Championship
| Final
| Final
|-
! Round of 4
! Semifinals
| Semifinals
| Semi-finals
| Semifinals
| [[Final Four]] (National semifinals){{refn|group=t|The NCAA also uses the "final four" terminology in the [[NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament|Division I women's tournament]], as well as the [[NCAA Division III|Division III]] tournaments for both [[NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament|men]] and [[NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament|women]]. In [[NCAA Division II|Division II]] for both sexes, this round is called the "semifinals"; both championship events in that division consist of eight teams instead of four.}}
| Semifinals
| Semi-finals
|-
! Round of 8
! Quarterfinals
| Quarterfinals
| quarter-finals{{refn|The quarter-finals were called the "sixth round" until [[2016–17 FA Cup|2016–17]], the first in which replays were discontinued for this round.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier League clubs want the FA Cup moved to midweek and replays scrapped |url=https://talksport.com/football/fa-cup/245292/fa-cup-be-moved-midweek-and-replays-scrapped-shake-football-calendar-170615243113/ |website=talkSPORT |access-date=31 March 2019 |date=31 May 2018 |orig-year=2017}}; {{cite web |author1=Emirates FA Cup |title=We do now! The sixth round has been renamed as the quarter-finals from this season. |url=https://twitter.com/EmiratesFACup/status/832564905060495361 |website=@EmiratesFACup |publisher=Twitter |access-date=31 March 2019 |language=en |date=17 February 2017}}</ref>|group="t"}}
| Quarterfinals
| [[Elite Eight]] (Regional finals){{refn|group=t|In the Division II [[NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament|men's]] and [[NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament|women's]] tournaments, the Elite Eight is the championship event, with all qualifying teams participating at a single site. The NCAA does not use "Elite Eight" in Division III, simply calling this round the "regional finals".}}
| Quarterfinals
| Quarter-finals
|-
! Round of 16
!Octofinals
| Round of 16 ([[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usopen.org/schedule/2012_tournament_schedule/|title=2012 Tournament Schedule|work=US Open|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717030544/http://www.usopen.org/schedule/2012_tournament_schedule/|archive-date=17 July 2012}}</ref>), 4th round<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/scores/draws/ms/index.html|title=Gentlemen's Singles – 2012 Official Site by IBM|publisher=Wimbledon Championships Website|access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref>{{citation needed|reason=for French and Australian Open|date=March 2024}}
| 5th round<ref group="t" name="proper" />
| 8th-finals
| Sweet Sixteen (Regional semifinals){{refn|group=t|The NCAA only uses the term "Sweet Sixteen" in the Division I tournaments.}}
| Round 7
| Last 16
|-
! Round of 32
! 16th-finals
| 3rd round
| 4th round<ref group="t" name="proper" />
| 16th-finals
| 3rd/2nd round<ref group="t" name="ncaabb" />{{refn|group=t|name=NCAAW|Since the NCAA Division I women's tournament expanded beyond 32 teams in 1986, the round of 32 has always been called the "second round", and the preceding round the "first round". The women's tournament involved 64 teams from 1994-2021 before expanding to 68 in 2022.}}
| Round 6
| Last 32
|-
! Round of 64
! 32nd-finals
| 2nd round
| 3rd round<ref group="t" name="proper" />
| 32nd-finals
| 2nd/1st round<ref group="t" name="ncaabb" />{{refn|group=t|name=NCAAW}}
| Round 5
| Last 64
|-
! Round of 128
! 64th-finals
| 1st round
| 2nd round<ref group="t">The FA Cup 2nd round involves 40 teams, of which 20 qualify for the 3rd round, to which the top 44 teams will have received byes.</ref><ref group="t" name="proper">The first to fifth rounds are often called the "first/second/etc. round proper", to distinguish them from the "first/second/etc. [[:Category:FA Cup qualifying rounds|qualifying round]]".</ref>
| 8th qualifying round<ref group="t">The 8th qualifying round involves 88 teams, of which 44 qualify for the 32nd-finals, to which the top 20 teams will have received byes.</ref>
| [[First Four]]{{refn|Starting in [[2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2011]], 68 teams played in the Championship, with four play-in games, nicknamed the [[First Four]], before the top 60 teams enter at the round of 64. (From [[2001 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2001]] to [[2010 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2010]], there was a single [[NCAA men's Division I basketball opening round|"opening round" game]] before the round of 64.) The NCAA originally called the First Four the first round, making the rounds of 64 and 32 the second and third rounds respectively; in 2014 it announced that from [[2016 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2016]] it would revert to calling the rounds of 64 and 32 the first and second rounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cheatsheet.com/sports/whats-in-a-name-march-madness-first-round-is-the-first-round-again.html/?a=viewall|title=What's in a Name? March Madness First Round Is the 'First Round' Again|last=Cary|first=Tim|date=21 November 2014|work=The Cheat Sheet|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref>|group="t"|name="ncaabb"}}
| Round 4<ref group="t">The number of eligible teams is typically less than 128, but more than 64, so not all teams play this round.</ref>
| Last 128
|}
Notes:
{{reflist|group="t"}}

==Example==
The knockout round of the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] tournament:

{{Round16

|RD1=[[#Round of 16|Round of 16]]
|RD2=[[#Quarterfinals|Quarterfinals]]
|RD3=[[#Semifinals|Semifinals]]
|RD4=[[#Final|Final]]
|Consol=[[Third place playoff]]

|15 June – [[Jeju World Cup Stadium|Seogwipo]]|'''{{fb|GER}}'''|'''1'''|{{fb|PAR|1990}}|0
|17 June – [[Jeonju World Cup Stadium|Jeonju]]|{{fb|MEX}}|0|'''{{fb|USA}}'''|'''2'''
|16 June – [[Suwon World Cup Stadium|Suwon]]|'''{{fb|ESP}}''' {{pso}}|'''1 (3)'''|{{fb|IRL}}|1 (2)
|18 June – [[Daejeon World Cup Stadium|Daejeon]]|{{nowrap|'''{{fb|KOR|1997}}''' {{GoldenGoal}}}}|'''2'''|{{fb|ITA}}|1
|15 June – [[Denka Big Swan Stadium|Niigata]]|{{fb|DEN}}|0|'''{{fb|ENG}}'''|'''3'''
|17 June – [[Noevir Stadium Kobe|Kobe]]|'''{{fb|BRA}}'''|'''2'''|{{fb|BEL}}|0
|16 June – [[Resonac Dome Oita|Ōita]]|{{fb|SWE}}|1|'''{{fb|SEN}}''' {{GoldenGoal}}|'''2'''
|18 June – [[Miyagi Stadium|Miyagi]]|{{fb|JPN}}|0|'''{{fb|TUR}}'''|'''1'''

|21 June – [[Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium|Ulsan]]|'''{{fb|GER}}'''|'''1'''|{{fb|USA}}|0
|22 June – [[Gwangju World Cup Stadium|Gwangju]]|{{fb|ESP}}|0 (3)|'''{{fb|KOR|1997}}''' {{pso}}|'''0 (5)'''
|21 June – [[Shizuoka Stadium|Shizuoka]]|{{fb|ENG}}|1|'''{{fb|BRA}}'''|'''2'''
|22 June – [[Nagai Stadium|Osaka]]|{{fb|SEN}}|0|'''{{fb|TUR}}''' {{GoldenGoal}}|'''1'''

|25 June – [[Seoul World Cup Stadium|Seoul]]|'''{{fb|GER}}'''|'''1'''|{{fb|KOR|1997}}|0
|26 June – [[Saitama Stadium 2002|Saitama]]|'''{{fb|BRA}}'''|'''1'''|{{fb|TUR}}|0

|30 June – [[Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)|Yokohama]]|{{fb|GER}}|0|'''{{fb|BRA}}'''|'''2'''

|29 June – [[Daegu Stadium|Daegu]]|{{fb|KOR|1997}}|2|'''{{fb|TUR}}'''|'''3'''
|widescore=yes}}

==Classification==
Without any additional matches, the only position a single-elimination tournament can reliably determine is first - for example, if sorting the numbers 1-4 ascending, if 4 and 3 meet in the first round, 3 and 1 will lose in the first round and 2 will lose in the second, selecting 4 as the largest number in the set, but insufficient comparisons have been performed to determine which is greater, 1 or 3. Despite this, the candidate that loses in the final round is commonly considered to have taken second place (in this case, 2). When matches are held to determine places or prizes lower than first and second, these typically include a match between the losers of the semifinal matches called [[third place playoff]]s, the winner therein placing third and the loser fourth. Many Olympic single-elimination tournaments feature the bronze medal match if they do not award bronze medals to both losing semifinalists. The [[FIFA World Cup]] has long featured the third place match (since [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]]), though the [[UEFA Euro]] has not held one since the [[Euro 1980|1980 edition]], and the [[FIFA Club World Cup]] has not held one since the [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup|2025 edition]].

Sometimes, contests are also held among the losers of the quarterfinal matches to determine fifth to eighth places. In one scenario, two "consolation semifinal" matches may be conducted, with the winners of these then facing off to determine fifth and sixth places and the losers playing for seventh and eighth; those are used often in qualifying tournaments where only the top five teams advance to the next round; or some method of ranking the four quarterfinal losers might be employed, in which case only one round of additional matches would be held among them, the two highest-ranked therein then playing for fifth and sixth places and the two lowest for seventh and eighth.

The number of distinct ways of arranging a single-elimination tournament (as an abstract structure, prior to seeding the players into the tournament) is given by the [[Wedderburn–Etherington number]]s.<ref>{{citation
| last = Maurer | first = Willi
| journal = The Annals of Statistics
| jstor = 2958441
| mr = 0371712
| pages = 717–727
| title = On most effective tournament plans with fewer games than competitors
| volume = 3
| year = 1975
| issue = 3
| doi = 10.1214/aos/1176343135| doi-access = free
}}.</ref> Thus, for instance, there are three different arrangements for five players:
* The players may be divided into brackets of two and three players, the winners of which meet in the final game
* The bottom four players may play a two-round tournament, the winner of which plays the top player
* The bottom two players may meet, after which each subsequent game pairs the winner of the previous game with the next player
However, the number of arrangements grows quickly for larger numbers of players and not all of them are commonly used.

==Seeding==
{{main|Seeding (sports)}}

Opponents may be allocated randomly (such as in the FA Cup); however, since the "luck of the draw" may result in the highest-rated competitors being scheduled to face each other early in the competition, ''seeding'' is often used to prevent this. Brackets are set up so that the top two seeds could not possibly meet until the final round (should both advance that far), none of the top four can meet prior to the semifinals, and so on. If no seeding is used, the tournament is called a random knockout tournament.{{CN|date=April 2025}}

Standard seeding pairs the highest and lowest, then second highest and second lowest and so on, for an 8 seed tournament this is 1 v 8, 2 v 7, 3 v 6 and 4 v 5, for example this is used for 16 seeds in the [[World Snooker Championship]] and 32 seeds in the [[PDC World Darts Championship|World Darts Championship]].{{CN|date=April 2025}} Some tournaments stray from this, for example it is not the procedure that is followed in most tennis tournaments, where the 1 and 2 seeds are placed in separate brackets, but then the 3 and 4 seeds are assigned to their brackets randomly, and so too are seeds 5 through 8, and so on.{{CN|date=April 2025}} This may result in some brackets consisting of stronger players than other brackets, and since only the top 32 players of 128 are seeded in [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Tennis Grand Slam]] tournaments, it can happen that the 33rd-best player in a 128-player field could end up playing the top seed in the first round. An example of this occurring was when World No. 33 [[Florian Mayer]] was drawn against, and defeated by, World No. 1 [[Novak Djokovic]] in the first round of the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2013 Wimbledon Championships]],<ref>[http://novakdjokovic.com/en/news/tennis/wimbledon-novak-vs-mayer-in-r1-andy-roger-and-rafa-all-in-bottom-half/ Wimbledon: Novak vs Mayer in R1; Andy, Roger, Rafa all in bottom half], ''[[Novak Djokovic]] official website'', 21 June 2013</ref> in what was also a rematch of a quarter-final from the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Singles#Finals| previous year]].{{CN|date=April 2025}}

Sometimes the remaining competitors in a single-elimination tournament will be "re-seeded" so that the highest surviving seed is made to play the lowest surviving seed in the next round, the second-highest plays the second-lowest, etc. This may be done after each round, or only at selected intervals. In American team sports, for example, the [[NFL]] employs this tactic, but [[MLS Cup Playoffs|MLS]], [[NHL]] and the [[NBA playoffs|NBA]] do not (and neither does the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA college basketball tournament]]).{{CN|date=April 2025}} Although [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] does have enough teams (12) in its playoff tournament where re-seeding would have made a large difference in the match-ups; only the WNBA's at the minimum, which is at least four from each conference for a total of 8. The NBA's format calls for the winner of the first-round series between the first and eighth seeds (within each of the two conferences the league has) to face the winner of the first-round series between the fourth and fifth seeds in the next round, even if one or more of the top three seeds had been upset in their first-round series; critics have claimed that this gives a team fighting for the fifth and sixth seeding positions near the end of the regular season an incentive to [[match fixing|tank]] (deliberately lose) games, so as to finish sixth and thus avoid a possible match-up with the top seed until one round later. MLS' format is identical, except that the conference quarterfinals is a best-of-three series.{{CN|date=April 2025}}

In some situations, a seeding restriction may be implemented; from 1975 until 1989 in the [[National Football League|NFL]], and from 1994 until 2011 in [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] there was a rule where at the conference or league semifinal, should the top seed and last seed (wild card) be from the same division, they cannot play each other; in that case, the top seed plays the worst division champion; the second-best division champion plays the wild card team. This is due to the scheduling employed for the regular season, in which a team faces any given divisional opponent more often than any given non-divisional opponent – the tournament favors match-ups that took place fewer times in the regular season (or did not take place, in some cases).<ref name="SportScienceCenter" />

In international [[fencing]] competitions, it is common to have a [[group stage]]. Participants are divided in groups of 6–7 fencers who play a round-robin tournament, and a ranking is calculated from the consolidated group results. Single elimination is seeded from this ranking.

==Evaluation==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2024}}
The single-elimination format enables a relatively large number of competitors to participate. There are no "dead" matches (perhaps excluding "classification" matches), and no matches where one competitor has more to play for than the other. If a small number of teams play in a single elimination tournament, sometimes a consolation bracket is included to allow the eliminated teams to play more than once. This was the format of the [[Little League World Series]] until 1992.

The format is less suited to games where [[tie (draw)|draws]] are frequent. In [[chess]], each fixture in a single-elimination tournament must be played over multiple matches, because [[draw (chess)|draws are common]], and because white has an advantage over black. In [[association football]], games ending in a draw may be settled in extra time and eventually by a [[penalty shootout (football)|penalty shootout]] or by replaying the fixture.

Another perceived disadvantage is that most competitors are eliminated after relatively few games. Variations such as the [[double-elimination tournament]] allow competitors a single loss while remaining eligible for overall victory. However, losing one game requires the competitor to win more games in order to win the tournament.

In a single-elimination tournament without any seeding, awarding the second place to the loser of the final is unjustified: any of the competitors knocked out before getting to play the losing finalist might have been stronger than the actual losing finalist. In general, it is only fair to use a single-elimination tournament to determine first place. To fairly determine lower places requires some form of [[round-robin tournament|round-robin]] in which each player/team gets the opportunity to face every other player/team.

Also, if the competitors' performance is variable, that is, it depends on a small, varying factor in addition to the actual strength of the competitors, then not only will it become less likely that the strongest competitor actually wins the tournament, in addition the seeding done by the tournament organizers will play a major part in deciding the winner.<ref name="ryv">{{cite web|url=https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp252.pdf|title=The Predictive Power of Noisy Elimination Tournaments|last=Ryvkin|first=Dmitry|date=March 2005|publisher=CERGE-EI|access-date=21 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022001026/https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp252.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="kim">{{cite journal|url=http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/16M1061783|title=Who Can Win a Single-Elimination Tournament?|last1=Kim|first1=Michael P.|last2=Suksompong|first2=Warut|last3=Vassilevska Williams|first3=Virginia|author3-link= Virginia Vassilevska Williams |year=2017|journal=SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics|volume=31|issue=3|pages=1751–1764|doi=10.1137/16M1061783|arxiv=1511.08416|hdl=1721.1/125608|s2cid=1251470}}</ref> As a random factor is always present in a real-world competition, this might easily cause accusations of unfairness.

==Other tournament systems==
Variations of the single-elimination tournament include:
* [[Double-elimination tournament]]
* [[McIntyre system]], a group of tournament formats that combine features of single- and double-elimination tournaments. Varieties of this system include:
** [[Page playoff system]] (four teams)
** [[Top five play-offs]]
** [[Top six play-offs]]
** [[McIntyre final eight system]]
** [[Super League play-offs]], which formerly used a McIntyre final eight variant
** [[AFL final eight system]], another variant of the McIntyre final eight, currently used by the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League
Other common tournament types include:
* [[Round-robin tournament]]
* [[Swiss-system tournament]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tournament systems]]

Ratan Pandoravi

2026-02-10T02:57:13Z

Manpreet23: adding new entry w/ refs

{{Short description| Indian poet and scholar (1907–1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ratan Pandoravi {{Nastaliq|رتن پنڈوروی}}
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rala Ram
| birth_date = 7 July 1907
| birth_place = [[Pandori, Jalandhar|Pandori]], [[Kapurthala State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age text|4 November 1990|7 July 1907}}
| death_place = [[Pathankot]], [[Punjab, India]]
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Nazm]]s, [[Ghazal]]s , [[Criticism]], [[Historian]], [[Translator]]
| occupation = Darvish (Sufi aspirant)

}}

'''Rattan Pandoravi''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq| رتن پنڈوروی}}}}) as [[pen name]] born '''Rala Ram''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|رالا رام}}}}) 7 July 1907 – 4 November 1990, was an [[Urdu]] poet and scholar from [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Zaviyaha e nigaah|author=Zia Fatehabadi|publisher=Bazm e Seemab|page=81|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663436W/Zaviyah_e_nigaah|quote= “Mujhe yeh bhii ma’aloom thaa ki woh darvishaanaa aur faqiiraanaa zindagii basar kar rahe hain ” From chapter - ''Ratan kii shayarii mein tazkirah e husn o ishq''}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Rattan Pandoravi was born on 7 July 1907 in [[Pandori, Jalandhar|Pandori]], District [[Kapurthala]], India. He obtained his Munshi Fazil ''منشی فاضل'' and Adeeb Fazil ''ادیب فاضل'' diploma in [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. As an Urdu poet he firstly consulted [[Dil Shahjahanpuri]], the renowned disciple of [[Amir Meenai]], but later [[Josh Malsiyani]] became his mentor.

==Career==
He has written several books of poetry collection, in which he speaks about the eternal sublime beauty that gives the entire universe its form, shape and cognisance, and the limitless universal love that keeps it firmly bound.<ref>{{cite book|title=Zaviyah e nigaah|author=Zia Fatehabadi|page=85|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663436W/Zaviyah_e_nigaah|quote= “Ratan aise keii muqaamaat se guzar chukaa hai, kahiin use apni surat mein mehboob kii surat dikhaaii detii hai to kahiin woh mehboob ko apne ta’aqub mein paataa hai, kahiin khaak ke zarre us kii aankhon ke taare ban jaate hain to kahiin jahaan ishq ko woh husn kaa aalam samahjane lagtaa hai, kahiin uske dil mein mehboob kii khwaahish ke siwaa aur koii khwaahish nahiin rahatii to kahiin woh donon jahaan ke aish thukraataa huaa nazar aataa hai,kahiin uskii zabaan khaamosh magar nazar sarshaar rahatii hai to kahiin raat din woh ek mahshar e khaamosh apne pesh e nazar paataa hai, kabhi woh itnaa kho jaataa hai ki khud use apnaa nishaan kahiin nahiin miltaa … ” From chapter - ''Ratan kii shayarii mein tazkirah e husn o ishq''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Poetry of Ratan Pandoravi|publisher=Paigaam|url=https://paigaam.tripod.com/htmlold/R1000.HTM}}</ref>
The comprehensive appraisal of his life and works that has been published is ''Fars - i – nazar:Pandit Ratan Pandorvi ki dilkas nazmiyat''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Books Catalog:far-vol.25|url=http://www.bookmaps.de/lib/ruc/f/a/far_25.html|publisher=bookmaps.de|accessdate=9 April 2018|archive-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410134625/http://www.bookmaps.de/lib/ruc/f/a/far_25.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

*''Bahisht e Nazar''
*''Andaz e Nazar''
*''Rubaiyyat e Ratan''<ref>{{cite web|title=Rubaiyyat e Ratan|url=https://paigaam.tripod.com/htmlold/R1000.HTM}}</ref>
*''Tahqiqi mabahis'' (1988)
*''Hindi ke Musalman Shoara'' (1982)
*''Sarmayah balaghat'' (1983)
*''Sirre e Maghfarat'' translation of [[Bhagvad Gita]] (1987) <ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|page=987|url=https://books.google.com/books/?isbn=8126018038}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Urdu language poets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===External links===

* [http://kavitakosh.org/kk/रतन_पंडोरवी/ Poetry of Ratan Pandoravi on kavita Kosh]
*[https://rekhta.org/poets/ratan-pandorwi/ Ghazals of Ratan Pandoravi on Rekhta]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandoravi, Ratan}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kapurthala district]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Sadashivrao Bhau

2026-02-07T16:57:04Z

Manpreet23: updated references and corrected details

{{Short description|Maratha general and minister (1730–1761)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=August 2023}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sadashivrao Bhau
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1730|08|04}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1761|01|14|1730|08|04}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]] (present-day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_place = [[Panipat]], [[Maratha Empire]] (present-day [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| image = Bust portrait in an oval of the Bhao, Sadhashir Rao,.jpg
| caption = [[Bust (sculpture)|Bust]] portrait, {{circa|1760}}
| office1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|28px]] [[Finance Minister|Amatya]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]
| monarch1 = [[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]]
| term_start1 = 1760
| term_end1 = 14 January 1761
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|24px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| serviceyears = 1746–1761
| commands =
| battles = *Raghoji's Southern Campaign
*Peshwa's Expedition of Shrirangapattan
*[[Third Battle of Panipat]]
*Battle of Udgir
*[[Capture of Delhi (1760)]]
*[[Battle of Kunjpura]]
*Siege of Trichinopoly (1746)<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=marathas+in+bengal+chauth+mir+habib&pg=PA201 | title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 | isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 | last1=Mehta | first1=Jaswant Lal | date=January 2005 | publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. }}</ref>
*Capture of Sangola<ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg.291-292</ref>
*Capture of Nashik<ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg.325</ref>
*Battle of Shrirangapattan(1753)<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=marathas+in+bengal+chauth+mir+habib&pg=PA201 | title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 | isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 | last1=Mehta | first1=Jaswant Lal | date=January 2005 | publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. }}</ref>
*Battle of Shrirangapattan(1757) <ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg.330</ref>
*Battle of sindkhed <ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg.333- 334</ref>
*Capture of Janjira<ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg.352</ref>
*Sadashivbhau Carnatic Expansion<ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142 pg 250- 345</ref>
| children = 2
| spouse = Umabai [[Parvatibai]]
| relations = [[Baji Rao I]] (uncle) [[Vishwasrao]] (nephew) [[Madhavrao I]] (nephew) [[Narayanrao]] (nephew) [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (cousin) [[Raghunathrao]] (cousin) [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)]] (cousin)
| laterwork =
| rank = [[Commander in Chief|Senapati]] (1760 – 1761)
| unit =
| branch = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|24px]] [[Maratha Army]]
| parents = [[Chimaji Appa]] (father)
Rakhmabai (mother)
}}

'''Sadashivrao Bhau Bhatt''' (4 August 1730 – 14 January 1761) was the son of [[Chimaji Appa]] (younger brother of [[Baji Rao I]]) and [[Rakhmabai]] of the Pethe family, and the nephew of Baji Rao I. He held administrative responsibilities and served as a finance minister during the reign of [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] ruler [[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]].

He was appointed ''sarsenapati'' (commander-in-chief) of the Maratha army and led its forces during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] on 14 January 1761.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Third Battle of Panipat (1761) |url=https://panipat.gov.in/third-battle/
|work=Government of Haryana, India |access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref> The battle was fought against the army of [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] and was one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the 18th century in India.

His role in the battle, both as a military commander and administrator, is remembered as a combination of organizational skill and the limitations imposed by logistical and strategic challenges.

== Early life ==
[[File:Sadashivrao Bhau with Ibrahim Khan Gardi.jpg|left|thumb|Sadashivrao Bhau with [[Ibrahim Khan Gardi]]]]
Sadashivrao Bhau was born in [[Satara district|Satara]] into a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family. He was named after the Hindu deity [[Shiva]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Kasture |first1=Kaustubh |title=Sakalrajkaryadhurandhar Sadashivraobhau |date=2017 |publisher=Rafter Publications |isbn=9788193248140 |page=17}}</ref> His father, Chimaji Appa, was the brother of Bajirao I.<ref name="Vishwas Patil">{{cite book |title=Panipat |last=Patil |first=Vishwas}}</ref> His mother, Rakhmabai, died when he was about a month old, and his father passed away when he was ten. He was subsequently raised by his grandmother Radhabai and aunt [[Kashibai]]. Sadashivrao received his education in Satara under [[Ramachandra Baba Sukthankar|Ramchandra Baba Shenvi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bravest of the Brave Marathas |url=https://www.thisday.app/en/details/bravest-of-the-brave-marathas.html
|website=www.thisday.app
|access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref>

Sadashivrao undertook his first military campaign in [[Karnataka]] in 1746, accompanied by his political advisers Mahadoba Purandare and [[Sakharam Bapu Bokil|Sakharam Bapu]]. He won his first battle at [[Ajara (India)|Ajra]], south of [[Kolhapur]], and captured thirty-six [[Pargana|parganas]] during this campaign.<ref>Third Battle of Panipat by Abhas Verma {{ISBN|9788180903397}} Bharatiya Kala Prakashan</ref>

In 1760, Sadashivrao led another campaign in the [[Carnatic region]]. He conquered territories from the [[Nawab]] of Savanur and annexed the cities of [[Kittur]], [[Parasgad]], [[Gokak]], [[Yadwad]], [[Bagalkot]], [[Badami]], [[Navalgund]], Umbal, Giri, Torgal, [[Haliyal]], [[Harihar]], and Basavapatna. During this campaign, he suppressed the revolt led by Yamaji Shivdev.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |date=2005 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA202
|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=202– |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6}}</ref> He also led the Battle of Udgir, which weakened the authority of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=204–205}}</ref>

== Third Battle of Panipat ==
{{main|Third Battle of Panipat}}
[[File:Sadashivrao Bhau.jpg|thumb|Troops led by Sadashivrao Bhau during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] ]]
[[File:Sadashivrao bhau.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Sadashivrao Bhau Peshwa, a part of Peshwa Memorial in [[Pune]], India]]
In January 1760, news reached Peshwa [[Balaji Baji Rao]], that [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], better known as Ahmad Shah Abdālī, had invaded and captured the [[Punjab region]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Abdali formed an alliance against the Marathas with other [[Rohilla]] chieftains, principally [[Najib-ul-Daula]], and the [[Nawab]] of [[Awadh]], [[Shuja-ud-Daula]]. Abdali also recruited [[Pashtun people|Afghans]] displaced by the war.

Balaji Baji Rao, at the zenith of his power after defeating the Nizam at [[Udgir]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who led the Marathas at the third battle of Panipat ? |url=https://interviewmania.com/discussion/8369-medieval-history-mugal-period
|access-date=6 November 2023 |website=interviewmania.com}}</ref> appointed Sadashivrao Bhau to lead the Maratha army to [[Delhi]]. Unlike [[Malharrao Holkar]] and [[Raghunathrao]], who were familiar with the politics and leaders of the northern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]], Sadashivrao lacked knowledge of the region.<ref>{{cite book |date=2002 |orig-year=First published 1994 as ''Histoire de l'Inde Moderne'' |editor-last=Markovits |editor-first=Claude |title=A History of Modern India, 1480–1950 |location=London |publisher=Anthem Press |pages=206–207 |isbn=978-1-84331-004-4 |quote=Balaji Rao then decided to ... designate as the supreme commander Sadashiv Rao ... This proved to be an unfortunate choice, because, contrary to a Raghunath Rao or a Holkar, Sadashivrao was completely ignorant of the political and military situation of North India.}}</ref> This lack of experience contributed to his mishandling of regional rulers and failure to form strategic alliances, which became a major reason for the Marathas’ eventual defeat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Decline Of The Maratha Empire: Causes And Views Of Scholars! |url=https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/decline-of-the-maratha-empire
|access-date=6 November 2023 |website=Testbook}}</ref>

An army of about 55,000 men set out from Patdur (modern [[Partur]]) on 14 March 1760, accompanied by roughly 200,000 non-combatants, including families and pilgrims seeking safety with the army.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Forces under Holkar and [[Scindia]] joined en route.

Sadashivrao adapted the [[hit-and-run tactics]] of the Maratha cavalry to integrate French-style heavy artillery and infantry, resulting in victories such as at Udgir. However, some generals, like Holkar, were hesitant to adopt these changes fully and felt the new units were incompatible with the rest of the army. Despite these concerns and limited resources, Sadashivrao established a force of 10,000 infantry and 50 artillery pieces.

Holkar and Scindia urged Sadashivrao to form alliances with [[Suraj Mal]], [[Jat]] ruler of [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], the [[Rajputs]], [[Sikhs]], [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], and other northern leaders. The Rajputs refused to support the Marathas, citing previous interference in their succession disputes, while Suraj Mal initially distrusted Sadashivrao. Eventually, Holkar and Scindia persuaded Suraj Mal to join the Maratha forces, securing his personal safety.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sadasyula |first=Ratnakar |date=4 August 2018 |title=Sadashiv Rao Bhau |url=https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2018/08/04/sadashiv-rao-bhau/
|website=History Under Your Feet |access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref>

Sadashivrao's overconfidence in artillery and strong personality caused him to neglect alliances with the Jats, Rajputs, and Sikhs. He also failed to heed Suraj Mal’s advice to leave civilians in [[Agra]], resulting in severe shortages of food and supplies, which would prove critical at the Battle of Panipat.

The Maratha army reached Delhi on 1 August 1760, taking the city the next day with artillery playing a key role. Supplies were limited due to Sadashivrao's strained relations with regional rulers, forcing him to move about {{convert|110|km|abbr=on}} north to [[Karnal]] and capture [[Kunjpura]] fort about {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} northeast of Karnal. Using artillery and combined cavalry-musketeer attacks, the Marathas destroyed the fort and killed the entire garrison.

The [[Kunjpura]] victory provoked Abdali to cross the swollen [[Yamuna River]] at [[Baghpat]] on 23–25 October 1760, taking Marathas by surprise while they were preoccupied with sacking Kunjpura.<ref name="Vishwas Patil" />

The Marathas set up defenses near [[Panipat]] but were gradually encircled. On 26 October, Abdali’s forces clashed with the Maratha vanguard near [[Samalkha]], leading to successive skirmishes and the killing of Maratha officers such as [[Govind Pant Bundele]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite book |title=Panipat |first=Vishwas |last=Patil|publisher=Navbharat Sahitya Mandir|year=2005}}</ref> The Afghan forces effectively cut off Maratha supply lines.

By November 1760, Abdali’s army of 45,000 blocked the Marathas’ access south to Delhi. The ensuing two-month siege led to severe food shortages in the Maratha camp, which included roughly 100,000 non-combatants. By late December 1760 or early January 1761, famine struck the camp, and many civilians and livestock died.<ref name="Vishwas Patil" />
<gallery>
File:Sadashivrao bhau letter.jpg|Letter written by Sadashivrao Bhau after the [[Third Battle of Panipat]]
File:Facsimile of the handwriting of Nana Phadnavis and Sadashivrao Bhau.jpg|Facsimile of the handwriting of [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] and Sadashivrao Bhau
File:Samples of MoDi writing.jpg|Writings of the Marathas, 5th line written by Sadashivrao Bhau
</gallery>

On 14 January 1761, on the occasion of the [[Makar Sankranti]] festival, the Marathas attempted to break the siege. Initial progress was made, but the death of [[Vishwasrao]], Sadashivrao's nephew and heir to Balaji Baji Rao, demoralized the army. Sadashivrao and key generals like Jankoji Scindia were surrounded, while Malhar Rao Holkar escaped. Despite careful planning to use artillery first and cavalry later, coordination failures among Maratha generals contributed to the defeat. Sadashivrao died in battle along with his close commanders, and remaining civilians were massacred.<ref name="Vishwas Patil" />

== Death ==
[[File:Detail of Sadashiv Rao on horseback from a larger Faizabad-style painting of the Third Battle of Panipat, Mughal, ca.1761–1770.jpg|thumb|Sadashivrao Bhau wounded in battle]]
Following the death of his nephew, Vishwasrao, around 2 p.m. on 14 January 1761, Sadashivrao reportedly mounted a horse and charged into the enemy lines, leaving his elephant’s howdah empty. This apparently caused confusion among the Maratha troops, some of whom believed their commander had fallen, further lowering morale.<ref name="Vishwas Patil"/>

Sadashivrao continued to fight despite being surrounded and heavily injured. Contemporary accounts suggest he died in combat, although sources differ on the fate of his body. Some records state that his headless body was recovered three days later and identified by Maratha officials present in the camp, while other accounts indicate that his body was never definitively found amid the battlefield chaos.<ref name="Vishwas Patil"/>

These discrepancies reflect the extreme disorder and high casualties during the battle, which left thousands of soldiers and civilians dead, making precise identification difficult. Sadashivrao's death marked a pivotal moment in the battle, leading to the collapse of the Maratha forces and the eventual victory of Ahmad Shah Durrani’s army.

== Establishment of artillery units ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
[[File:India1760 1905.jpg|thumb|[[Maratha Confederacy]] at its zenith in 1760 (yellow areas)]]
While observing various battles, Sadashivrao Bhau recognized the effectiveness of artillery and light guns as used by the British and began incorporating similar units into the Maratha army under Balaji Baji Rao. In 1760, he enlisted the services of [[Ibrahim Khan Gardi]], a former officer in the Nizam’s army, who brought with him 2,500 trained soldiers and fifteen cannons. Bhau also employed European mercenaries, many of whom had previously served under Tulaji Angre before his defeat. Among them was an engineer named Le Corbosier, noted for his expertise in foundry work and explosives. Within two years, the Maratha infantry-artillery division had grown to 10,000 men and 56 guns, significantly strengthening the army’s firepower.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

== Personal life ==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2020}}
Sadashivrao Bhau's first wife, Umabai, gave birth to two sons who died around 1750. He later married [[Parvatibai]], who accompanied Sadashivrao Bhau during the Third Battle of Panipat and helped as an accessory in the campaign. Parvatibai also embarked on a pilgrimage to [[Mathura]] and [[Vrindavan]] along with [[Nana Fadnavis]] and some women from the Maratha camp. After the news of Sadashivrao’s death, Parvatibai refused to accept the conventional life of widowhood and continued to live independently.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Around 1770, an individual had reportedly appeared in [[Pune]] claiming to be Sadashivrao Bhau. He was soon revealed as a fraud and became popularly known as “''Totayaa''” (तोतया), meaning impostor.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

The [[Sadashiv Peth, Pune|Sadashiv Peth]] area of Pune is named in his honor.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== In popular culture ==
* In 1994 [[Hindi]] TV series ''[[The Great Maratha]]'', Sadashivrao's character was portrayed by [[Pankaj Dheer]].
* In 2014 Marathi film ''[[Rama Madhav]]'', he was portrayed by Amol Kolhe.
* In 2019 Hindi film ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]'', he was portrayed by [[Arjun Kapoor]].
* In 2019 Marathi TV series ''Swamini'', he was portrayed by Abhishek Rahalkar.<ref>{{cite news |title=अभिषेक ते सदाशिवभाऊंपर्यंतचा प्रवास |url=http://www.mymahanagar.com/video/exclusive-interview-abhishek-rahalkar-swamini-sadashivrao/153858/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=My Mahanagar |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
* ''Sakalrajkaryadhurandhar Sadashivraobhau'', book by Kaustubh Kasture in Marathi.<ref>{{cite web |title=BookGanga - Creation {{!}} Publication {{!}} Distribution |url=https://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books/Index?BookSearchTags=Kaustubh%20Kasture&BookType=1 |website=www.bookganga.com |access-date=4 December 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bhau]]
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[Peshwe]]
* [[Bhat family]]
* [[Maratha emperors]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar]], ''Panipat 1761'' (Deccan College Monograph Series. I.), Pune (1946)
* Pramod Oak, "Peshwe gharanyacha Itihas"

== External links ==
{{commons category|Sadashiv Rao Bhau|Sadashivrao Bhau}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Peshawe family}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhau, Sadashivrao}}
[[Category:1730 births]]
[[Category:1761 deaths]]
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]
[[Category:18th century in India]]
[[Category:Indian nobility]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century nobility]]

List of chief secretaries of Rajasthan

2026-02-06T18:17:40Z

Manpreet23:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{short description|None}}

The Chief Secretary is the highest-ranking officer in the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) in the state government of Rajasthan. This position acts as the principal advisor to the [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] and the state government and is responsible for the administration of various departments within the state. The Chief Secretary also coordinates with the central government and other states, ensuring the implementation of government policies and programs. The incumbent chief secretary of Rajasthan is [[Voruganti Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat24Live |title=कौन हैं IAS वी. श्रीनिवास? जो होंगे राजस्थान के नए मुख्य सचिव, केंद्र सरकार से मिली मंजूरी |url=https://bharat24live.com/news/who-is-ias-officer-v-srinivas-who-will-be-the-new-chief-secretary-of-rajasthan |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=bharat24live.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-11-16 |title=V Srinivas appointed Rajasthan's new chief secretary |url=https://theprint.in/india/v-srinivas-appointed-rajasthans-new-chief-secretary/2785299/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Chief Secretary==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|+
! Name!!Assumed office!!Left office
|-
|K. Radhakrishnan||13 April 1949||2 May 1950
|-
|V. Narainan||2 May 1950||1 September 1950
|-
|K. Radhakrishnan||1 September 1950||31 January 1951
|-
|S. W. Shiveshvarkar||8 February 1951||16 February 1953
|-
|B. G. Rao||16 February 1953||30 December 1954
|-
|Krishan Puri||30 December 1954||12 January 1957
|-
|K. N. Subramaniyam||11 March 1957||6 May 1958
|-
|Bhagwat Singh Mehta||9 May 1958||26 September 1964
|-
|Saanwal Dan Ujjwal||26 September 1964||16 January 1965
|-
|Bhagwat Singh Mehta||16 January 1965||29 October 1966
|-
|K. P. U. Menon||29 October 1966||22 October 1968
|-
|R. D. Mathur||22 October 1968||16 May 1969
|-
|Zorawar Singh Jhala||17 May 1969||9 August 1971
|-
|Sunder Lal Khurana||9 August 1971||23 June 1975
|-
|Mohan Mukherjee||7 July 1975||1 May 1977
|-
|Kailash Chand Saini||4 May 1977||22 June 1977
|-
|Mohan Mukherjee||22 June 1977||31 October 1977
|-
|Gopal Krishna Bhanot||28 November 1977||29 December 1980
|-
|Madan Mohan Kishan Wali||29 December 1980||20 February 1984
|-
|Anand Mohan Lal||21 February 1984||21 July 1985
|-
|[[Naresh Chandra]]||22 July 1985||9 March 1986
|-
|Vipin Bihari Lal Mathur||10 March 1986||31 January 1992
|-
|T. V. Ramnan||31 January 1992||31 August 1993
|-
|Govindji Mishra||31 August 1993||28 January 1994
|-
|H. M. Mathur||28 January 1994||2 February 1994
|-
|[[Meetha Lal Mehta]]||2 February 1994||31 December 1997
|-
|Arun Kumar||1 January 1998||31 December 1999
|-
|Inderjit Khanna||1 January 2000||26 December 2002
|-
|R. K. Nayar||26 December 2002||28 February 2005
|-
|Anil Vaish||28 February 2005||30 June 2007
|-
|D. C. Samant||30 June 2007||27 February 2009
|-
|Kushal Singh||27 February 2009||31 October 2009
|-
|T. Srinivasan||1 November 2009||31 August 2010
|-
|Salauddin Ahmad||31 August 2010||28 February 2012
|-
|C. K. Mathew||30 February 2012||13 December 2013
|-
|[[Rajiv Mehrishi]]||22 December 2013||28 October 2014
|-
|C. S. Rajan||31 October 2014||30 June 2016
|-
|O. P. Meena||30 June 2016||30 June 2017
|-
|Ashok Jain||30 June 2017||30 December 2017
|-
|N. C. Goyal||30 December 2017||30 April 2018
|-
|D. B. Gupta||30 April 2018||2 July 2020
|-
|Rajeeva Swarup||2 July 2020||31 October 2020
|-
|Niranjan Kumar Arya||1 November 2020||31 January 2022
|-
|[[Usha Sharma (IAS)|Usha Sharma]]|||1 February 2022||31 December 2023
|-
|[[Sudhansh Pant]]||1 January 2024||16 November 2025
|-
|[[Voruganti Srinivas]]||17 November 2025||''Incumbent''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061229080754/http://rajasthan.gov.in/CS.SHTM]
*
* [https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Rajasthan-Chief-Secretary-assumes-charge/article16470399.ece]
{{Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Government of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan politics-related lists|Chief Secretaries]]

Jabera

2026-02-06T13:49:24Z

Manpreet23: created entry

{{Short description|Town in madhya Pradesh }}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}

{{one source|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jabera
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Census town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.55|N|79.67|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[damoh district|damoh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,806
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 470235
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP-34]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:0010122 Mahadeva Temple, Nohta Madhya Pradesh 024.jpg|thumb|[[Nohleshwar Temple]]]]
'''Jabera''' is a census town city in [[Damoh district]], Madhya Pradesh, India. Jabera is a tehsil headquarter situated on the [[Damoh]]-[[Jabalpur]] Road.

==Geography==
Jabera is located in [[Vindhya Range]]. Dense forests are found all around here. Vyarma and Gauraiya is main rivers of Jabera.

Jabera is located at {{Coord|23.55|N|79.67|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 508 [[metre]]s (1669 [[foot (length)|feet]]). The region is predominantly [[Agrarian society|agrarian]].<ref>http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Jabera.html</ref>

==Demographics ==
Jabera has population of 6,806 in 2011 which 3,581 are males while 3,225 are females. Literacy rate of Jabera city is 80.33 %; the estimated population of Jabera in 2023 is 9,200.<ref>{{Citation | title=Jabera Census Town City Population Census 2011-2023 | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/462691-jabera-madhya-pradesh.html | access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>

==Notable places ==
* [[Singorgarh fort]], a place of historical importance
* [[Nohta]], a historical place with a shiv temple .<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Cousens |first=Henry |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/21581.pdf |title=Lists of Antiquarian Remains in the Central Provinces and Berar |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing |year=1897 |location=Calcutta |pages=32 |author-link=Henry Cousens}}</ref>
* [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary]], A Wildlife Sentury.<ref>https://mpforest.org/</ref>

==Administration==
Jabera Town has total administration over 1,650 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Census Town limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

==Transportation==
Jabera is located on [[Damoh]]-[[Jabalpur]] National Highway Road. Jabera is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities.

==See also ==
* [[Jabera Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://damoh.nic.in/en/district-profile/ Damoh district profile page]

[[Category:Damoh]]
[[Category:Villages in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{Sagar-geo-stub}}

Yodha (2024 film)

2026-02-06T04:07:36Z

Manpreet23: Made redirect

{{Short description|2024 film by Sagar Ambre and Pushkar Ojha}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yodha
| image = Yodha film poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = {{ubl | Sagar Ambre | Pushkar Ojha}}
| writer = Sagar Ambre
| based_on =
| producer = {{Ubl|Hiroo Yash Johar|[[Karan Johar]]|Apoorva Mehta|[[Shashank Khaitan]]}}
| starring = {{ubl | [[Siddharth Malhotra]] | [[Raashii Khanna]] | [[Disha Patani]]}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Jishnu Bhattacharjee
| editing = Shivkumar V. Panicker
| music = {{ubl
| '''Songs:'''
| [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| [[B Praak]]
| Aditya Dev
| John Stewart Eduri
| '''Score:'''
| John Stewart Eduri
}}
| studio = {{ubl
| [[Amazon MGM Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/amazon-mgm-studios-argentina-1985-1235743542/|title=Amazon Studios Now Called Amazon MGM Studios, Exec Pablo Iacoviello Reveals in Iberseries Keynote (EXCLUSIVE)|first=Anna Marie de la|last=Fuente|date=3 October 2023|access-date=4 October 2023|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004015846/https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/amazon-mgm-studios-argentina-1985-1235743542/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Dharma Productions]]
| Mentor Disciple Entertainment
}}
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|3|15}}
| runtime = 130 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/yodha-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde5nda5 |title=''Yodha'' (12A) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=18 February 2024 |access-date=18 February 2024 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218085844/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/yodha-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde5nda5 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|55 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-15 |title='Yodha' review: Twitterati praise Sidharth Malhotra's performance in action thriller as 'phenomenal' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/yodha-review-twitterati-praise-sidharth-malhotras-performance-in-action-thriller-as-phenomenal/articleshow/108516452.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317133228/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/yodha-review-twitterati-praise-sidharth-malhotras-performance-in-action-thriller-as-phenomenal/articleshow/108516452.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|52}} crore<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yodha Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yodha-2/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|access-date=16 March 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=16 March 2024|archive-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316070700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yodha-2/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Yodha''''' ({{translation|Warrior}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action-thriller|action thriller]] film directed by Sagar Ambre and Pushkar Ojha, written by Ambre, and produced by [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[Dharma Productions]] and Mentor Disciple Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2021 |title=Karan Johar unveils first look of Sidharth Malhotra from action-drama 'Yodha' |newspaper=The New Indian Express |agency=ANI |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/nov/18/karan-johar-unveils-first-look-of-sidharth-malhotra-from-action-drama-yodha-2385196.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119211324/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/nov/18/karan-johar-unveils-first-look-of-sidharth-malhotra-from-action-drama-yodha-2385196.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Sidharth Malhotra]], [[Raashii Khanna]] and [[Disha Patani]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 December 2021|title=Disha Patani, Raashii Khanna to star opposite Sidharth Malhotra in action film Yodha|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/disha-patani-raashii-khanna-to-star-opposite-sidharth-malhotra-in-action-film-yodha-1889232-2021-12-18|access-date=18 December 2021|work=India Today|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218092836/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/disha-patani-raashii-khanna-to-star-opposite-sidharth-malhotra-in-action-film-yodha-1889232-2021-12-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 December 2021|title=Yodha: Disha Patani And Raashii Khanna Join Sidharth Malhotra In New Film|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-disha-patani-and-raashii-khanna-join-sidharth-malhotra-in-new-film-2657918/|access-date=18 December 2021|work=NDTV|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218093051/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-disha-patani-and-raashii-khanna-join-sidharth-malhotra-in-new-film-2657918|url-status=live}}</ref> Marking Mentor Disciple founder [[Shashank Khaitan]]'s first collaboration with Malhotra, whose fellow debutantes [[Alia Bhatt]] and [[Varun Dhawan]] starred in Khaitan's first two films, it follows a disgraced commando's efforts to vindicate himself as he attempts to steer clear his name and restore lost glory to his father's titular elite task force while on a mission to prevent a passenger airplane from getting hijacked, years after a botched up rescue operation led to the task force being closed down.

After multiple release postponements, ''Yodha'' was theatrically released on 15 March 2024 to mixed reviews from critics and became a [[Box office bomb|commercial failure]].<ref name="realease date">{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/yodha-release-date-changes-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-now-release-march-15-2024/|title=Yodha release date changes ONCE AGAIN! Sidharth Malhotra starrer to now release on March 15, 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=7 November 2023|access-date=7 November 2023|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053500/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/yodha-release-date-changes-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-now-release-march-15-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/raashii-khanna-blames-yodhas-eventual-ott-release-for-its-box-office-failure-people-are-occupied-8837715.html|title=Raashii Khanna Blames Yodha's Eventual OTT Release For Its Box Office Failure: 'People Are Occupied...'|website=[[CNN-News18]]|date=3 April 2024|access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404140708/https://www.news18.com/movies/raashii-khanna-blames-yodhas-eventual-ott-release-for-its-box-office-failure-people-are-occupied-8837715.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Arun Katyal, son of martyred Major Surender Katyal, founder of the ''Yodha'' task force, takes up leadership of the task force after his father as he becomes an officer in the Indian Army. A para commando trained in land, water and air combat like the rest of the officers in the task force, he lives with his intelligence officer wife Priyamvada "Priya" Katyal and his mother, and has a sure friend and ally in fellow officer Sameer Khan. After a successful mission, he apologizes to Priya for disobeying commands from the intelligence. During a mission where he is unofficially assigned to the security of reputed nuclear scientist Dr. Anuj Nair, the flight gets hijacked by [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] terrorists. Despite his best efforts to contain the terrorists until such time as the ''Yodha'' team, having been signaled to action, can intercept, however, he is kicked out of the plane while trying to protect Nair, whose identity is made known to the terrorists; Nair is later revealed to have been killed and his body returned to India with the flight despite the government agreeing to the terrorists' demands. An investigation is called on by the Indian government, with ''Yodha'' being suspended and its members scrambling to build alternate careers after Priya admits to Arun's violations despite his pleas. The suspension brings about a rift between them as Priya leaves Arun while taking his mother with her. Arun is considered a traitor by ministers and the general public.

Some years later, Arun, who is living a quiet, dubious life, is mysteriously redirected to board a different flight while at an airport. Once aboard, he strongly suspects a hijack attempt and seemingly kills one Amandeep Singh who he believes is a terrorist. However, before he can put two and two together with the help of fellow passenger Tanya Sharma, a flying expert, and flight attendant Laila Khalid, he is suddenly sabotaged and betrayed by Laila, who reveals herself to be the prime hijacker, with her brother Ahmed on board as pilot; Amandeep was actually an Indian officer and was poisoned by Laila, and she and Khalid are part of a Kashmiri secessionist group. An intense combat follows, with Arun managing to overpower and kill brother and sister while Tanya assumes control of the flight, during which time news is leaked to the Pakistani media that a rogue Indian Army officer has hijacked a flight to Islamabad and is targeting the India—Pakistan Peace Summit involving the Heads of State, projecting Arun in poor light.

Rafiq, a member of the Pakistani Head of State's consulate, initially brings the Pakistani security chief and the Indian Head of State, accompanied by Priya, who is also part of the summit and has been apprised of Arun's involvement in the hijack, to a control room to supervise the situation, but reveals in a twist after killing his own Head of State that he is opposed to the Peace Summit. He takes the Indian Head of State and Priya hostage and tries to blackmail Arun, who deduces that he is in fact Jalal, the terrorist who kicked him out of the flight containing Nair. After much deliberation and a conversation with Priya who realizes he hasn't gone rogue after all, Arun manages to save the flight from crashing into its target, a mosque where the Pakistani Head of State is presently offering prayers, with support from Tanya. Jalal and his men, in the meantime, occupy the [[Prime Minister's Office (Pakistan)|Pakistani Head of State's Office]] and force the people out, killing counterterrorist officers from the Pakistani Army.

Arun arrives in the nick of time to eliminate the terrorists and manages to barge into the Office premises killing several of Jalal's men, but is shorted by Jalal when he holds the Indian Head of State and Priya at gunpoint. Forcing him to talk to Priya, Jalal details his ambitions to sustain terrorism in Kashmir, calling it a "business" he cannot afford to see collapsing; in a coded conversation, Arun realizes Priya hasn't signed the divorce papers and signals her the same way he did while trying to save Nair, ultimately overpowering Jalal and his men; Priya escapes with the Indian Head of State, unharmed, while the other Indian consulate members engage in combat to defend them. Arun manages to snap the detonator to the bombs in the premises out of Jalal's jacket and toss it to Priya, who disables it; Arun and Jalal engage in a one—to—one fight before the former impales the latter. When Jalal taunts Arun, claiming peace can never prevail in Kashmir, he shoots one of the explosives after tossing it mid—air and kills him, having survived an impactful blast, and reunites with Priya.

Days into the entire episode, in a [[mid-credits scene]], the Indian Head of State officially reinstates the ''Yodha'' task force after Arun is rewarded for his bravery and actions.

== Cast ==
* [[Sidharth Malhotra]] as Major Arun Katyal, an army soldier and a member of the Yodha Task Force
* [[Raashii Khanna]] as Priyamvada "Priya" Katyal, Arun's wife
* [[Disha Patani]] as Laila Khalid, a flight attendant
* [[Ronit Roy]] as [[Major (rank)|Major]] Surender Katyal, Arun's father and the founder of the Yodha Task Force
* [[Tanuj Virwani]] as Sameer Khan
* [[Sunny Hinduja]] as Jalal, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] terrorist
* Kritika Bhardwaj as Tanya Sharma
* [[S. M. Zaheer]] as Anuj Nair
* [[Chittaranjan Tripathy]] as S N Dhingra
* Farida Patel Venkat as Mrs. Katyal, Arun's mother
* Mikhail Yawalkar as Ahmed Khalid
* Sanjay Gurbaxani as [[Head of state of India|Indian Head of State]]{{efn|Meant to depict the [[prime minister of India]].}}

== Production ==
The film is inspired by [[List of hijackings of Indian aeroplanes|various aircraft hijackings in Indian history]], particularly [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalist Hindi Films' Impact on Elections |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/nationalist-hindi-films-impact-on-elections-11712925865926.html |website=[[Livemint]] |access-date=20 June 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526085703/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/nationalist-hindi-films-impact-on-elections-11712925865926.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began on 27 November 2021 and would go on to include shootings in [[Delhi]], [[Bhopal]], [[Manali, India|Manali]], [[Pune]] and [[Ladakh]].<ref>''Yodha''. Sagar Ambre and Pushkar Ojha. Dharma Productions. (end credits)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sidharth-malhotra-starts-shooting-for-yodha/articleshow/87945081.cms|title=Sidharth Malhotra starts shooting for 'Yodha'|date=27 November 2021|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 November 2021|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315170715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sidharth-malhotra-starts-shooting-for-yodha/articleshow/87945081.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sidharth-malhotra-starts-shooting-yodha-bang-karan-johar-shares-glimpse/|title=Sidharth Malhotra starts shooting for Yodha 'with a bang', Karan Johar shares glimpse|date=27 November 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 November 2021|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127135438/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sidharth-malhotra-starts-shooting-yodha-bang-karan-johar-shares-glimpse/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 December 2021, [[Raashii Khanna]] and [[Disha Patani]] were announced as the leading actresses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-disha-patani-raashii-khanna-feature-alongside-sidharth-malhotra-yodha-release-november-11-2022/|title=CONFIRMED: Disha Patani and Raashii Khanna to feature alongside Sidharth Malhotra in Yodha; to release on November 11, 2022|date=18 December 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=18 December 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218041020/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-disha-patani-raashii-khanna-feature-alongside-sidharth-malhotra-yodha-release-november-11-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/disha-patani-raashii-khanna-join-sidharth-malhotra-for-action-film-yodha-ready-to-take-off-7678786/|title=Disha Patani, Raashii Khanna 'ready to take off' with Sidharth Malhotra in action film Yodha|date=18 December 2021|work=The Indian Express|access-date=18 December 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218093605/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/disha-patani-raashii-khanna-join-sidharth-malhotra-for-action-film-yodha-ready-to-take-off-7678786/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021, Patani [[wrap (filming)|wrapped up]] her portion of the shoot and wrote a rap song for [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/disha-patani-finishes-filming-for-yodha/article38047245.ece/|title=Disha Patani finishes filming for 'Yodha|work=The Hindu|date=27 December 2021|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229213441/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/disha-patani-finishes-filming-for-yodha/article38047245.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/disha-patani-is-all-heart-as-she-wraps-her-schedule-of-yodha-2673551/|title=Yodha: Disha Patani And Sidharth Malhotra Had This Much Fun On The Sets|work=NDTV|date=27 December 2021|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123090940/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/disha-patani-is-all-heart-as-she-wraps-her-schedule-of-yodha-2673551|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, [[Raashii Khanna]] wrapped up her portions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raashi Khanna completes filming of upcoming Hindi film 'Yodha' - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/Mar/30/raashi-khanna-completes-filming-of-upcoming-hindi-film-yodha-2435602.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=www.newindianexpress.com |date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101104/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/hindi/2022/mar/30/raashi-khanna-completes-filming-of-upcoming-hindi-film-yodha-2435602.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, [[Tanuj Virwani]] was cast in a prominent role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanuj Virwani reveals details of his role in Sidharth Malhotra-starrer 'Yodha' |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1174465 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311020001/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1174465 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yodha
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[B Praak]], Aditya Dev and John Stewart Eduri
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 March 2024
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=20|s=49}}
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| language = Hindi
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|N81-hgLlzj4|Yodha (Full Album)}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[B Praak]], Aditya Dev and John Stewart Eduri while lyrics are written by [[Manoj Muntashir]], Jaani, [[Kunaal Vermaa]], Vishal Mishra and Kaushal Kishore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTI4MDgyMDIzMDAwODU= |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=www.cbfcindia.gov.in |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028183101/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTI4MDgyMDIzMDAwODU= |url-status=live }}</ref> The first single titled "Zindagi Tere Naam" was released on 24 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 February 2024 |title=Yodha song Zindagi Tere Naam: Sidharth Malhotra romances Raashii Khanna. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/yodha-song-zindagi-tere-naam-sidharth-malhotra-romances-raashii-khanna-watch-music-video-101708747074316.html |website=Hindustan Times|date=24 February 2024 }}</ref> The second single titled "Tere Sang Ishq Hua" was released on 7 March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yodha Song Tere Sang Ishq Hua: Romance blossoms between Sidharth Malhotra and Raashii Khanna |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/yodha-song-tere-sang-ishq-hua-romance-blossoms-between-sidharth-malhotra-and-raashii-khanna/cid/2005379}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 20:49
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Zindagi Tere Naam
| extra1 = Vishal Mishra
| lyrics1 = Kaushal Kishore, [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| music1 = Vishal Mishra
| length1 = 3:28
| title2 = Qismat Badal Di
| extra2 = [[Ammy Virk]], [[B Praak]]
| music2 = B Praak, Aditya Dev
| lyrics2 = Jaani
| length2 = 5:09
| title3 = Tere Sang Ishq Hua
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
| music3 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| lyrics3 = [[Kunaal Vermaa]]
| length3 = 3:38
| title4 = Tiranga
| extra4 = [[B Praak]]
| music4 = Tanishk Bagchi
| lyrics4 = [[Manoj Muntashir]]
| length4 = 4:22
| title5 = Zindagi Tere Naam
| note5 = Soul Version
| extra5 = Vishal Mishra
| music5 = Vishal Mishra
| lyrics5 = Kaushal Kishore, Vishal Mishra
| length5 = 3:00
| title6 = Yodha Theme
| extra6 = -
| music6 = John Stewart Eduri
| lyrics6 = -
| length6 = 1:12
}}

==Release==

===Theatrical===
The film was scheduled to be released on 7 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidharth Malhotra to lead Karan's action franchise with Yodha. Film releases on Nov 11, 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sidharth-malhotra-to-lead-karan-s-action-franchise-with-yodha-film-releases-on-nov-11-2022-1878083-2021-11-18|access-date=19 November 2021|work=India Today|date=18 November 2021 |archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119041345/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/sidharth-malhotra-to-lead-karan-s-action-franchise-with-yodha-film-releases-on-nov-11-2022-1878083-2021-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was then postponed to 8 December 2023 and finally released on 15 March 2024.<ref name="realease date"/>
===Home media===
The film was premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 10 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=10 May 2024 |title=Prime Video announces the global streaming premiere of Sidharth Malhotra starrer Yodha |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prime-video-announces-global-streaming-premiere-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-yodha/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=10 May 2024 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510074359/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prime-video-announces-global-streaming-premiere-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-yodha/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==
''Yodha'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yodha Box Office Collection Day 1: Sidharth Malhotra's Film Gets A Flying Start |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-box-office-collection-day-1-sidharth-malhotras-film-gets-a-flying-start-5248851 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212075315/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-box-office-collection-day-1-sidharth-malhotras-film-gets-a-flying-start-5248851 |archive-date=12 February 2025 |access-date=12 February 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |quote=Yodha opened to largely mixed reviews.}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=58|count=12|average=4.8|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=19 March 2024}}

''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' critic gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Yodha'' is not the usual hijack film and features a fine performance; however, it is quite technical and confusing."<ref>{{cite web |author1=Bollywood Hungama News Network |title=Yodha Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yodha-2/critic-review/yodha-2-movie-review/yodha-is-not-the-usual-hijack-film-and-is-laced-with-a-fine-performance/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 March 2024}}</ref> [[NDTV]]'s [[Saibal Chatterjee]] rated the film 1.5/5 and wrote "No matter how lenient you might want to be and how much of a Sidharth Malhotra fan you are, this pulpy action movie is a bumpy ride that lurches from one misstep to another."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yodha Review: Insufferable Scrappy Thriller|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-review-insufferable-scrappy-thriller-1-5-stars-5242742|date=15 March 2024|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315134829/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yodha-review-insufferable-scrappy-thriller-1-5-stars-5242742|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and observed "A light-footed Sidharth single-handedly going at the baddies is a slick sight. Armed in swag, sunglasses and slow motion, the man is more than fit for the job. And it's on his charm and rugged shoulders that Yodha shamelessly rests".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yodha Review: Sturdy Sidharth Malhotra To The Rescue |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/yodha-review/20240315.htm |date=15 March 2024 |website=Rediff |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315140703/https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/yodha-review/20240315.htm |url-status=live }}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

[[Anupama Chopra]], in her review for ''[[Film Companion]]'' said that "''Yodha'' is a cheesy, chest-thumping, low-on-logic thriller that rides brazenly to a crowd-pleasing finale, mostly on the shoulders of a solid Sidharth Malhotra."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yodha Reviews |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/yodha_2024/reviews?type=top_critics |access-date=15 March 2024 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315141137/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/yodha_2024/reviews?type=top_critics |url-status=live }}</ref> Rishil Jogani of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 and opined that "''Yodha'' has redeemable qualities and offers thrills too but the film in totality is a tiresome watch, full of clichés, cheesy dialogues and overused tropes."<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2024|title=Yodha Movie Review|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/yodha-review-sidharth-malhotra-raashii-khanna-disha-patani-led-aerial-thriller-doesnt-soar-instead-crashes-1286577|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315141937/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/yodha-review-sidharth-malhotra-raashii-khanna-disha-patani-led-aerial-thriller-doesnt-soar-instead-crashes-1286577|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other media==
The marketing of the film included a [[tie-in]] comic by Pratilipi Comics, ''Adventures of Yodha: The Case of the Missing Ship'', written by Akash Pathak and illustrated by Ayantika Roy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/sidharth-malhotra-launches-yodha-graphic-novel-with-pratilipi-comics/ |title=Sidharth Malhotra launches 'Yodha' graphic novel with Pratilipi Comics |author= |date=14 March 2024 |website=AnimationXpress |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516104646/https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/sidharth-malhotra-launches-yodha-graphic-novel-with-pratilipi-comics/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt16139322}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes | yodha_2024 }}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|yodha-2}}

{{Dharma Productions}}
{{Portalbar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

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Gananath Sen

2026-01-31T00:06:08Z

Manpreet23: starting - done

{{Short description|Indian Ayurvedic physician and Sanskrit scholar (1877-1945)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Mahamahopadhyaya|Mahāmahopādhyāya]]
| name = Gananath Sen
| birth_date = 1877
| birth_place = [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{circa}} 1945 (aged 66–68)
| education = {{ubl |[[Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]] ([[Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery|LMS]]) |[[University of Calcutta]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}
| occupation = [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician, scholar, author, teacher
| organization = Vishwanath Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and Hospital, [[Kolkata]]
| notable_works = ''Pratyakṣaśārīram'' (1913)
| title = [[Mahamahopadhyaya|Mahāmahopādhyāya]] (1916)
}}

'''Kabiraj Gananath Sen''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: গণনাথ সেন; 1877 – {{circa}} 1944/1945) was a Bengali [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician, [[Sanskrit]] scholar and teacher.<ref name="Bhushan-2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Bhushan |first1=Shakti |last2=Saha |first2=Suparna |last3=Gajji |first3=Babu |year=2024 |title=The legacy of Kaviraj Gananath Sen: Bridging traditions in Ayurveda |journal=[[Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences]] |volume=8 |pages=208–214 |doi=10.4103/jras.jras_374_23 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Leslie-1976">{{Cite book |last=Leslie |first=Charles Miller |title=Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1976 |isbn=9780520035119 |pages=374–376 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya-2025">{{Cite journal |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jayanta |year=2025 |title=Calcutta Medical College (CMC) – A Tool in the Making of 'Modern' Citizenry and Neo/Navya-Ayurveda |journal=Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research |volume=63 |issue=2 |doi=10.26717/BJSTR.2025.63.009874 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gananath Sen was born in 1877 into a [[Baidya|Baidya Brahmin]] family in [[Varanasi|Benares]] (now Varanasi), [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Abraham-2017">{{Cite journal |last=Abraham |first=Leena |date=2017-11-25 |title=Review: What Is 'Modern' about Modernised Ayurveda? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26697889?seq=1 |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=52 |pages=25–28 |jstor=26697889 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> He was the son of Viswanath Sen, also an Ayurvedic practitioner and disciple of Kabiraj [[Gangadhar Sen Roy|Gangadhar Roy]], a Sanskrit scholar and Ayurvedic physician renowned as one of the founding fathers of modern Ayurveda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Snehamoy |title=Museum tribute to Bengal's renowned Ayurvedic physician, Kabiraj Gangadhar Sen Roy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/museum-tribute-to-bengals-renowned-ayurvedic-physician-kabiraj-gangadhar-sen-roy/cid/2060325 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]]}}</ref><ref name="Bhushan-2024" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saha |first1=Suparna |last2=Bhushan |first2=Shakti |last3=Gajji |first3=Babu |year=2024 |title=Kaviraj Gangadhar Roy: Catalyst of Ayurveda's revival in the 19th century |journal=[[Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences]] |volume=8 |pages=273–278 |doi=10.4103/jras.jras_376_23 |doi-access=free }}</ref> He had a son, Kabiraj Sushil Kumar Sen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Mahatma |title=The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi: Dec. 16, 1934 - Apr. 24, 1935 |publisher=[[Publications Division]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]] |year=1974 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sen, born into a lineage of ''[[Kabiraj|kobirajes]]'', trained under his father Viswanath Sen, Acharya Kaliprasanna Sen, and Kabiraj Jaynarayan Gupta.<ref name="Classical Indic Medicine II-2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Classical Indic Medicine II: History of Ayurveda 3 {{!}} Indic Civilizational Portal |url=https://indicportal.org/classical-indic-medicine-ii-history-of-ayurveda-3/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Bhushan-2024" /> Trained in both Ayurvedic and Western medicine,<ref name="Bhattacharya-2025" /> Sen earned his [[Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery|LMS]] (Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery) from [[Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]] in 1903 and an MA in Sanskrit from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1907.<ref name="Bhushan-2024" /> He also established an Ayurvedic dispensary of his own in [[Sutanuti]], [[Kolkata]].

Sen played a significant role in setting up the Faculty of Ayurveda at the [[Banaras Hindu University|Benares Hindu University]], and served as its first dean from 1929 to 1931.<ref name="Cerulli-2022">{{Cite book |last=Cerulli |first=Anthony |title=The Practice of Texts: Education and Healing in South India |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=9780520383555 |publication-date=March 15, 2022 |pages=48–67 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sankhdher-1999">{{Cite book |last=Sankhdher |first=B.M. |title=Education System from 1930 to Establishment of Provincial Autonomy, 1935 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |year=1999 |isbn=9788171009527 |language=en}}</ref> He also served as the president of the All-India Ayurvedic Congress (AIAC; [[Hindi]]: अखिल भारतीय आयुर्वेद महासम्मेलन) thrice, in 1911, 1920 and 1931.<ref name="Cerulli-2022" /><ref name="Bhushan-2024" /> In 1932, he founded the Vishwanath Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and Hospital in Kolkata, in honour of his father.<ref name="Sankhdher-1999" /><ref name="India<edToday-2022">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=IMT News |date=2022-08-10 |title=India's initiation into western medicine |url=https://indiamedtoday.com/indias-initiation-into-western-medicine/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=IndiaMedToday |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Leslie-1976" />

Sen was noted for his efforts to modernize the practice of Ayurveda in India. He advocated for the integration of Ayurveda with [[Allopathic medicine|allopathy]], a proposal which was accepted by modern Ayurvedic practitioners but rejected by orthodox scholars.<ref name="Cerulli-2022" /><ref name="Classical Indic Medicine II-2019" /><ref name="Ganesan" /> On February 7, 1916, in his "An Address on Hindu Medicine" delivered at the foundation ceremony of the Benares Hindu University, Sen reiterated the vastness, value and significance of Ayurveda and Hindu medicine, and repeatedly urged the need for its recognition, reform and scientific regeneration.<ref name="Cerulli-2022" /> He remarked:<blockquote>Fortunately for the populace of India, Hindu Medicine (or Ayurveda as it is technically called) has lived a useful and life-giving life even under the weight of ruins. It still fights its humane battles for millions of suffering humanity in this land of its birth. It not only saves many times more people of India than all other systems of Medicine combined, but often conquers by striking cures many foreign rivals who, by the way, are only its own alienated offspring's. It has lived yet, and outlived crushing influences in the past. Provided its claims are fully recognized by the State and people, it will live a good deal more in the present sunshiny days of peace and prosperity. This, I believe, is not a very bold prophecy to make.<ref name="Shah">{{Cite journal |last=Shah |first=Niranjan Chandra |title=Some Thoughts on Hindu Medicine — An Address by Kavirāj Mahāmahopandhāya Gananath Sen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321799094 |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=446–463}}</ref></blockquote>Sen also emphasized the grandness and multi-disciplinary nature of Ayurveda. He believed it to be a highly developed "world science," on par with Western medicine.<ref name="Shah" /> He noted:<blockquote>"Ayurveda" is the "Science of Life" or the great world science of Medicine, which has for its object not only the protection of human life but also of the life of animals, even of plants. Hindu Medicine is but a poor expression to imply Ayurveda, Ayurveda is not only Medicine but Medicine Surgery, Midwifery, Ophthalmology, Treatment of mental diseases etc. So great indeed was the progress made in Ayurveda that the eight different sections of this great Science and Art had, at one time, schools of different specialists with massive libraries of differentiated literature to back them. I do not propose to go into the details here but I may mention in passing that the very surgical instruments and the many surgical operations which Western surgery boasts of to-day were mostly devised by the Hindu Surgeons.</blockquote>Sen's famed 1916 address was attended by numerous ruling [[Raja|''rajas'']] and [[Maharaja|''maharajas'']] at the time, and also the then [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]], [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Charles Hardinge]].<ref name="Shah" />

In 1914, Sen established Kalpataru Ayurvedic Works at [[Chitpur]], a large-scale manufacturing hub to produce and sell Ayurvedic medicines at moderate prices.<ref name="Ganesan">{{Cite journal |last=Ganesan |first=Uma |title=Medicine and Modernity: The Ayurvedic Revival Movement in India, 1885-1947 |url=https://castle.eiu.edu/studiesonasia/documents/seriesIV/Uma_Ganeshan.pdf |journal=Studies on Asia}}</ref><ref name="India<edToday-2022" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Anshu |last2=Supe |first2=A. |date=2016 |title=Evolution of medical education in India: The impact of colonialism |journal=Journal of Postgraduate Medicine |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=255–259 |doi=10.4103/0022-3859.191011 |doi-access=free |issn=0972-2823 |pmc=5105212 |pmid=27763484}}</ref><ref name="Leslie-1976" /> In 1932, he was appointed Principal of [[J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital]], Kolkata.<ref name="Bhushan-2024" />

Sen is also remembered for his varied contributions to the field of Ayurveda, the broader Hindu medical tradition, and academia. He translated several English works of biomedical anatomy into Sanskrit, including ''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' (1858), ''Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy'', and [[Sir Henry Morris, 1st Baronet|Sir Henry Morris]]' ''The Anatomy of the Joints of Man'' (1879), among others.<ref name="Cerulli-2022" /> Sen also authored multiple books himself: he published the first volume of his anatomy primer, ''Pratyakṣaśārīram (Perceptible Body)'' in 1913, and the second in 1941; ''Siddhanta Nidanam (Principles of Diagnosis)'' in 1922; ''Sañjñāpañcaka Vimarśa (A Discourse on the Five Anatomical Terms)'' in 1931; ''Sharir Parichay (Introduction to Anatomy)'' in 1938, and other titles.<ref name="Kumar-2023">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Deepak |title=Science and Society in Modern India |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781009350631 |publication-date=June 7, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bhushan-2024" /><ref name="Classical Indic Medicine II-2019" /> However, according to Kumar and Cerulli, Sen's integrationist approach may have come at the expense of accidental plagiarism in his works and distortion of classical Sanskrit texts.<ref name="Kumar-2023" /><ref name="Cerulli-2022" />

Aiming to transform traditional Ayurvedic remedies into modern forms, Sen, in 1921, began conducting clinical research, focusing his attention on the development of injectables, aerosols, and rectal formulations derived from [[Medical ethnobotany of India|Indian medicinal plants]].<ref name="Bhushan-2024" />

Some of Sen's most important work was that on [[Rauvolfia serpentina]], known locally as sarpagandha, a medicinal milkweed indigenous to India.<ref name="Mudur">{{Cite news |last=Mudur |first=G.S. |title=Calcutta misses, West catches |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/calcutta-misses-west-catches/cid/608504 |work=[[The Telegraph India|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81648-1 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> In the early 1930s, Sen, along with physician Kartick Chandra Bose, commenced clinical investigation of the shrub, its properties and [[antihypertensive]] effects.<ref name="Dayama">{{Cite journal |last1=Dayama |first1=Ashwini |last2=Patil |first2=Rahul |title=Reverse pharmacology for Ayurveda-based modern medicines |url=https://csp.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/01C012022-Reverse-pharmacology-for-Ayurveda-based-modern-medicines-1.pdf |journal=Centre for Society and Policy, IISc}}</ref> They found it had the potential to function as a [[Tranquilizing agents|tranquilizing]] herb and for lowering [[blood pressure]]. In 1931, the pair published a seminal paper on the subject,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lobay |first=Douglas |date=June 2015 |title=Rauwolfia in the Treatment of Hypertension |journal=Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=40–46 |issn=1546-993X |pmc=4566472 |pmid=26770146}}</ref> demonstrating successfully the treatment of [[psychosis]] and violent symptoms in patients using [[Alkaloid|alkaloids]] from the shrub, while also recording its adverse effects.<ref name="Mudur" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tandon |first=Prakash N. |date=July 2021 |title=Indian Rauwolfia research led to the evolution of neuropsychopharmacology & the 2000 Nobel Prize (Part II) |journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research |volume=154 |issue=1 |pages=169–174 |doi=10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1674_21 |doi-access=free |issn=0975-9174 |pmc=8715689 |pmid=34782547}}</ref> Their work eventually led to the isolation of the alkaloid [[reserpine]] in 1950, and was instrumental in the development of drugs for the alleviation of [[hypertension]], [[schizophrenia]], [[Parkinson's disease]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guest |date=2015-12-18 |title=When would discoveries from Ayurveda earn a Nobel? |url=https://nuffoodsspectrum.in/2015/12/18/when-would-discoveries-from-ayurveda-earn-a-nobel.html |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=FFOODS Spectrum |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Mudur" /> Their research also laid the foundation for [[reverse pharmacology]] in India.<ref name="Dayama" />

Sen also worked tirelessly for the welfare of his community, the Baidyas, and founded a "Baidya Brahmin Somiti" in Kolkata to further their cause.<ref name="Abraham-2017" />

== Honours ==
The [[British Raj|British Indian Government]] conferred upon him the [[honorific]] ''[[Mahamahopadhyaya|Mahāmahopādhyāya]]'' ([[Sanskrit]]: "very great teacher") in 1916.<ref name="Cerulli-2022" /><ref name="Bhushan-2024" /> He was also granted other honorary titles during his lifetime, including ''Vidyasāgara'' ("ocean of knowledge"), ''Pranācārya'' ("royal physician"), and ''Vaidya Ratna'' ("jewel of physicians").<ref name="Bhushan-2024" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sanskrit scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]

Railways football team

2026-01-24T17:06:17Z

Manpreet23: adjust information per standard format

{{For|the Australian rules football team based in Albany, Western Australia|Railways Football Club}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Railways
| current =
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Railways football team
| nickname =
| motto =
| founded =
| ground = [[Karnail Singh Stadium]]
| capacity = 5,000
| owner = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board]] [[Indian Railways]]
| chrtitle =
| chairman =
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = Parthasarathy Tulasi
| league = [[Santosh Trophy]]
| season = [[2024–25 Santosh Trophy|2024–25]]
| position = Group stage
| pattern_la1 = _orangeshoulders
| pattern_b1 = _upper_black
| pattern_ra1 = _orangeshoulders
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 000000
| body1 = 191970
| rightarm1 = 000000
| shorts1 = 000000
| socks1 = 000000
| pattern_la2 = _blackborder
| pattern_b2 = _blackcollar
| pattern_ra2 = _blackborder
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| website =
}}
The '''Railways football team''' is the [[association football|football]] section of the [[Indian Railways]] in Indian domestic football competitions, most notably the [[Santosh Trophy]].

They have appeared in the Santosh Trophy finals nine times, and have won the trophy thrice.

==Honours==
===State (senior)===
* '''[[Santosh Trophy]]'''
** Winners (3): [[1961–62 Santosh Trophy|1961–62]], 1964–65, 1966–67<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-jarnail-singh/|title=Legends of Indian Football : Peter Thangaraj|date=14 May 2018|access-date=7 October 2022|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|location=Mumbai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413164430/https://thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-peter-thangaraj/|archive-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>
** Runners-up (6): 1971–72, [[1973–74 Santosh Trophy|1973–74]], 1980–81, [[1981–82 Santosh Trophy|1981–82]], 1986–87, [[2013–14 Santosh Trophy|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Mizoram Thrash Railways 3–0 to Win Santosh Trophy|publisher=The New Indian Express | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/Mizoram-Thrash-Railways-3-0-to-Win-Santosh-Trophy/2014/03/09/article2099688.ece#.Ux1Z_j-SyAo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140310103812/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/Mizoram-Thrash-Railways-3-0-to-Win-Santosh-Trophy/2014/03/09/article2099688.ece#.Ux1Z_j-SyAo | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 March 2014 |date= 9 March 2014| access-date = 10 March 2014}}</ref>

===State (youth)===
* '''[[M. Dutta Ray Trophy]]'''
** Winners (2): 1997, 1998

==See also==
* [[Railways women's football team]]
* [[Army Red football team|Army Red]]
* [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]
* [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
* [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]
* [[Services football team]]
* [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]
* [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|Central Reserve Police Force SC]]
* [[Eastern Railway FC]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Santosh Trophy}}
{{Indian state football teams}}

[[Category:Santosh Trophy teams]]
[[Category:Sport in Indian Railways]]
[[Category:Railway football clubs in India]]

{{India-footyclub-stub}}

A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm

2026-01-24T05:31:33Z

Manpreet23: added

{{short description|Biography of an Indian music composer}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox book
| name = A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm
| image = A. R. Rahman- The Musical Storm cover.jpg
| caption =
| author = Kamini Mathai
| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| release_number =
| subject = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| genre = Biography
| set_in =
| publisher = [[Viking Press]]
| published = 18 June 2009
| media_type = Print
| pages = 265
| isbn = 978-06-70083-71-8
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 762648108
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
}}
'''''A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm''''' is a biography of the Indian music composer [[A. R. Rahman]] by the journalist Kamini Mathai. The book was released on 18 June 2009 by [[Penguin Books]]' subsidiary [[Viking Press]] and became a commercial success. Consisting of thirteen chapters, it describes Rahman's birth in Madras (present-day [[Chennai]]) in 1967, his 27-year-long musical career, and his marriage in 1995 to Saira Banu, with whom he has three children.

Mathai was appointed by Penguin Books in early 2003 to write a biography on Rahman. In March the same year, she started contacting him through e-mails. He responded nearly one year later, and their first meeting happened the following six and seven months. In her writing process, she also met nearly other 100 people, including his family members and his colleagues. Critical reception of the book was mostly positive, with Mathai's writing and its contents getting the most attention.

== Summary ==
The book is written in a nonlinear narrative. It opens by describing Rahman winning the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] and the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] trophies for his composition in ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008) at the [[81st Academy Awards]]. It then chronicles his early years and early career, including his birth in 1967 in [[Madras]] (now Chennai) and his debut as a music director with the [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language romantic drama ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]'' (1992), which would be his first of many collaborations with the director [[Mani Ratnam]]. The book also discusses his [[Bollywood]] debut with [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s comedy-drama ''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]'' (1995), his marriage to Saira Banu in 1995. The book further chronicles his conversion from [[Hinduism]] to [[Islam]].

== Background and release ==
[[File:Opening Ceremony Hockey World Cup 2018 (39).jpg|thumb|left|[[A. R. Rahman]] (pictured) was able to respond to Kamini Mathai's e-mails after nearly a year]]
Kamini Mathai is a Chennai-based journalist working for ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'', and ''[[The Times of India]]''.{{sfn|Gautam 2009, Meet Lata Mangeshkar}}{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}} In 2003, she and other journalists were contacted by [[Penguin Books]] to write a biography on A. R. Rahman, and Mathai was ultimately chosen to write it.{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}} Although she accepted the offer, she had never been a fan of Rahman and did not know much about him.{{sfn|S. 2010, Maestro Rahman}} Mathai called writing the book a rough task since he was really busy at the time and unable to meet her easily.{{sfn|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}} Rahman's friends told her that emailing him was the only way to interact with him. Mathai first e-mailed Rahman the same year when he was on a world concert tour.{{sfn|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}}

Mathai kept following up periodically until Rahman finally responded to her in ten or eleven months, and their first meeting occurred within the following six and seven months.{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}} "[You] have to be really, really close to him to finally get him to open up. He is very guarded about his past, about everything. So, I had to have eight paragraphs of information and then ask, 'Is this true, or why did you say this?', then he would open up. You have to be specific", she said.{{sfn|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}} In her research, Mathai also spoke to nearly 100 people, including his sisters—[[A. R. Reihana|Reihana]], Ishraat, and Fatima—though none of whom gave her much needed information.{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}} Mathai also met Rahman's mother and his colleagues. She revealed that hardest parts of her research were to collect information on his father, R. K. Narayan, and Rahman's early years.{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}}{{sfn|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}}

Following a six-year research period, the book was published by [[Viking Press]] on 18 June 2009 on [[Amazon Kindle]].{{sfn|Mathai 2009, Amazon Kindle version}} Entitled ''A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm'', it marked Mathai's debut as a biographer as well as the first book on Rahman.{{sfn|N. 2009, A R Rahman}} Reports from the [[Press Trust of India]] mistakenly suggested that the book was an authorised one. Mathai clarified that it was not and added that before its publishing, she had sent him several chapters from the book but he had not had had the time to read them.{{sfn|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}} Two years later, Rahman confirmed that he had not read Mathai's book, so it was unauthorised by him.{{sfn|Raghavan 2011, A lot's in}} ''A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm'' was a commercial success and debuted at the fourth position in ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} non-fiction best seller list in their 7 July 2009 issue.{{sfn|''The Hindu'' 2009, Bestsellers}} The book was released on hardcover on 20 December and its paperback version was released on 26 May 2010.{{sfn|Mathai 2010, Paperback version}}{{sfn|Mathai 2009, Hardcover version}}

== Critical reception ==
The book has received positive critical acclaim, with praises directed towards the content and the writing. A review in [[Bollywood Hungama]] concluded, "In spite of apparent limitations that Kamini must have faced due to lack of extensive conversations with the man himself and the challenges that she would have faced to get to the bottom of the affairs when it came to certain controversies and clarifications, [it] still turns out to be a good and a detailed read."{{sfn|Bollywood Hungama 2009, Book review}} Deepa Ganesh of ''[[The Hindu]]'' described the book as an "anecdotal biography", further saying that its nonlinear narrative makes the work an "engaging book" that "humanises the deified Rahman",{{sfn|Ganesh 2010, The case of}} and critic in ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'' newspaper described Mathai's book as "a balanced biography."{{sfn|''Dawn'' 2011, Non-fiction}} Writing for ''[[Madras Musings]]'', Savitha Gautam said the book made its readers "a little closer to Rahman, the person, but at the end you realise that he continues to be an enigma. And that's what makes the read interesting!"{{sfn|Gautam 2009, Meet Lata Mangeshkar}}

''The Book Review''{{'s}} Safeeq Valanchery believed Mathai succeeded "in giving us a feel" about Rahman's early life and background.{{sfn|Valanchery 2010, On a rich}} Kaveree Bamzai of the ''[[India Today]]'' magazine likened the book with a "cut-rate [''[[crème brûlée]]'']", which is "crunchy on top and not gooey enough inside, and added that there is "a tendency to hang quotes like on an untidy clothesline".{{sfn|Bamzai 2009, Book}} S. Anand from ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' called it "a string of quotes", but thought that she was still unable to "unravel the 'mystery' behind Rahman's music".{{sfn|Anand 2009, Medley Messiah}} The film critic [[Sudhish Kamath]] elaborated: "Kamini Mathai's ''A.R. Rahman: The Musical Storm'' is full of such anecdotes that attempt to demystify one of the most enigmatic popular culture icons of our time."{{sfn|Kamath 2009, Demystifying A. R.}} ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]''{{'s}} Lalitha Suhasini complimented Mathai's research for the book, and said if there is one thing missing in the book, it is Rahman's "soul".{{sfn|Suhasini 2009, Pieces of the}} S. Subramanian from the Emirati newspaper ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'', felt Mathai's writing is "so promising and generous with detail".{{sfn|Subramanian 2009, God of score}}

== Publication history ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"|Region
! scope="col"|Release date
! scope="col"|Format
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |India
|18 June 2009
|[[Amazon Kindle]]{{sfn|Mathai 2009, Amazon Kindle version}}
|-
|20 December 2009
|Hardcover{{sfn|Mathai 2009, Hardcover version}}
|-
|26 May 2010
|Paperback{{sfn|Mathai 2010, Paperback version}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite news |last=Anand |first=S. |date=3 August 2009 |title=Medley Messiah |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |url=https://outlookindia.com/magazine/story/medley-messiah/260071 |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822040454/https://outlookindia.com/magazine/story/medley-messiah/260071 |archive-date=22 August 2016 |ref={{Sfnref|Anand 2009, Medley Messiah}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=25 June 2009 |title=Book: An Oscar encore |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20090706-book-an-oscar-encore-740108-2009-06-25 |access-date=14 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411040149/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20090706-book-an-oscar-encore-740108-2009-06-25 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Bamzai 2009, Book}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=7 July 2009 |title=Bestsellers |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad, India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Bestsellers/article15917191.ece |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210913022151/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Bestsellers/article15917191.ece |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|''The Hindu'' 2009, Bestsellers}} |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |date=20 August 2009 |title=Book review: A.R. Rahman – The Musical Storm |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/book-review-a-r-rahman-the-musical-storm/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913074711/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/book-review-a-r-rahman-the-musical-storm/ |archive-date=13 September 2021 |access-date=13 September 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |ref={{Sfnref|Bollywood Hungama 2009, Book review}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Ganesh |first=Deepa |date=4 February 2010 |title=The case of a curious keyboardist |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/The-case-of-a-curious-keyboardist/article15704242.ece |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210913022347/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/The-case-of-a-curious-keyboardist/article15704242.ece |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Ganesh 2010, The case of}} |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Gautam |first=Savitha |date=1–15 July 2009 |title=Meet Lata Mangeshkar and A.R. Rahman |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%206/otherstories.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116051126/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%206/otherstories.html |archive-date=16 January 2011 |access-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Gautam 2009, Meet Lata Mangeshkar}} |magazine=[[Madras Musings]]}}
* {{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=30 June 2009 |title=Demystifying A.R. Rahman |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-bookreview/Demystifying-A.R.-Rahman/article15950922.ece |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210913022300/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-bookreview/Demystifying-A.R.-Rahman/article15950922.ece |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Kamath 2009, Demystifying A. R.}} |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |date=18 June 2009 |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |location=New Delhi, India |asin=B06XXZJQFS |ref={{Sfnref|Mathai 2009, Amazon Kindle version}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |date=20 December 2009 |publisher=Viking Press |location=New Delhi, India |asin=B01K3OT1X4 |ref={{Sfnref|Mathai 2009, Hardcover version}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |date=26 May 2010 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-06-70083-71-8 |location=New Delhi, India |ref={{Sfnref|Mathai 2010, Paperback version}}}}
* {{Cite web |last=N. |first=Patcy |date=9 June 2009 |title=A R Rahman, as you didn't know him |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1--ar-rahman-as-you-did-not-know-him/20090609.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703074430/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1--ar-rahman-as-you-did-not-know-him/20090609.htm |archive-date=3 July 2012 |access-date=14 September 2021 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |ref={{Sfnref|N. 2009, A R Rahman}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=23 October 2011 |title=Non-fiction: The melody maker |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/668385/non-fiction-the-melody-maker |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018082317/https://www.dawn.com/news/668385/non-fiction-the-melody-maker |archive-date=18 October 2015 |ref={{Sfnref|''Dawn'' 2011, Non-fiction}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=3 April 2011 |title=A lot's in a book |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/A-lots-in-a-book/article14668529.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210812074009/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/A-lots-in-a-book/article14668529.ece |archive-date=12 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Raghavan 2011, A lot's in}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=S. |first=Divya |date=18 June 2010 |title=Maestro Rahman, the elusive genius |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-maestro-rahman-the-elusive-genius-1336050 |access-date=14 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212012647/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-maestro-rahman-the-elusive-genius-1336050 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|S. 2010, Maestro Rahman}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Sivaramakrishnan |first=Vidya |date=26 June 2009 |title='He always said he wasn't ready for a biography' |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Sisn13AAVQUydlkbC37BJI/8216He-always-said-he-wasn8217t-ready-for-a-biography.html |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210913022418/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Sisn13AAVQUydlkbC37BJI/8216He-always-said-he-wasn8217t-ready-for-a-biography.html |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Sivaramakrishnan 2009, 'He always said}} |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=S. |date=14 August 2009 |title=God of score |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/god-of-score-1.529090 |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210913080307/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/god-of-score-1.529090 |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Subramanian 2009, God of score}} |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite news |last=Suhasini |first=Lalitha |date=25 June 2009 |title=Pieces of the puzzle |work=Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/mkO258L44saRatfpmpX7zN/AR-Rahman--Pieces-of-the-puzzle.html |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913075832/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/mkO258L44saRatfpmpX7zN/AR-Rahman--Pieces-of-the-puzzle.html |archive-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Suhasini 2009, Pieces of the}}}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Valanchery |first=Safeeq |date=January 2010 |title=On a rich trail |url=https://www.thebookreviewindia.org/on-a-rich-trail/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913075017/https://www.thebookreviewindia.org/on-a-rich-trail/ |archive-date=13 September 2021 |access-date=13 September 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Valanchery 2010, On a rich}} |magazine=The Book Review}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Google Books|id=gfCTmjEAChIC}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2009 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian biographies]]
[[Category:Viking Press books]]
[[Category:A. R. Rahman]]

Raj Bhavan, Bangalore

2025-11-30T10:11:57Z

Manpreet23: slightly refined information per sources and added references for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[Lok Bhavan, Bengaluru]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Kaushik Gandhi

2025-11-16T08:51:50Z

Manpreet23:

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Kaushik Gandhi
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Kaushik Mohan Gandhi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|02|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Dindigul]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname = Piyush
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]
| role = Batter, Umpire

| umpire = true
| wtestsumpired =
| umpwtestdebutyr =
| umpwtestlastyr =
| wodisumpired =
| umpwodidebutyr =
| umpwodilastyr =
| wt20isumpired = 2
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2024
| umpwt20ilastyr =

| fcumpired = 4
| umpfcdebutyr = 2025
| umpfclastyr =
| listaumpired = 9
| umplistadebutyr = 2024
| umplistalastyr = 2025
| t20umpired = 18
| umpt20debutyr = 2024
| umpt20lastyr = 2025

| club1 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| year1 = 2011–2022
| clubnumber1 =

| columns = 2
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 34
| runs1= 1,697
| bat avg1= 36.10
| 100s/50s1= 4/7
| top score1= 202
| deliveries1 = 396
| wickets1 = 1
| bowl avg1 = 191.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/33
| catches/stumpings1= 20/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches2 = 22
| runs2= 718
| bat avg2= 35.90
| 100s/50s2= 3/0
| top score2= 127
| deliveries2 = 1
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2= 11/–

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/kaushik-gandhi-419670 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 29 October 2016
|
}}

'''Kaushik Gandhi''' (born 23 February 1990) is a former Indian [[first-class cricket]]er, who is currently an [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]]. He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Tamil Nadu in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 25 February 2017.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053713.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group B: Delhi v Tamil Nadu at Cuttack, Feb 25, 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He scored '''124''' off 134 ball against India B of a good bowling line up of [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] and [[Axar Patel]]. He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut against Haryana in the [[2010–11 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/522945.html |title=Haryana vs Tamil Nadu at Chennai- November 10 - 13, 2011 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
He scored a century of 164 against [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2016-17-1053433/madhya-pradesh-vs-railways-group-a-1053619/match-report-day3 |title=Gandhi ton gives TN first-innings lead |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> In that year Tamil Nadu qualified for quarter final by the help of unbeaten century of 150 by Gandhi against Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tamil-nadu-eye-quarter-final-berth-after-kaushik-gandhi-ton-1071717 |title=TN eye quarter-final berth after Gandhi ton |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/ranji-trophy-kaushik-gandhi-lights-up-tns-innings/article9420060.ece |title=Ranji Trophy: Kaushik Gandhi lights up TN's innings |work=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref> He was the top run getter in the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Premier League]] for the Tuti Patriots and second highest run getter for Tamil Nadu in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]]. He also highest run getter in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] for the Tamil Nadu. He scored his careers best score (202) in first-class cricket against [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-gandhi-at-no-3-1086499 |title=A Gandhi at No. 3 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> In 2023, he played [[Tamil Nadu Premier League|TNPL]] for Salem Spartans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/tnpl-2023-kaushik-gandhi-unbeaten-half-century-salem-spartan-vs-ba11sy-trichy-match-report/article66983485.ece |title=TNPL 2023: Kaushik Gandhi half-century guides Salem Spartans to five-wicket win over Ba11sy Trichy |work=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref>

==Umpiring career==
After the retirement from professional cricket he worked as umpire.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/kaushik-retires-to-turn-umpire/articleshow/102463894.cms |title=Kaushik retires to turn umpire |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/umpiring-was-always-a-part-of-my-life-says-kaushik-gandhi/article67199160.ece |title=Umpiring was always a part of my life, says Kaushik Gandhi |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> He stood in several matches as an on-field umpire in the [[2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]], [[2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] and [[2025–26 Duleep Trophy]]. He also officiated in [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]] match between [[West Indies women's cricket team in India in 2024–25|India and West Indies]] on 15 December 2024. He also stood in the [[2025 Indian Premier League]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=419670}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Kaushik}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India Blue cricketers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Tamil Nadu]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1990-stub}}

Radharani Devi Gurumayum

2025-11-16T06:46:33Z

Manpreet23: adding initial bio nd citations

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Gurumayum Radharani Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Radharani Devi
| fullname = Radharani Devi Gurumayum
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India<ref name=GS>{{Cite web|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/radharani-devi/51345/|title=Radharani Devi Gurumayum|website=Global Sports Archive|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|3|1}}<ref name=AIFF>{{cite news|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/57558?type=club|title=GURUMAYUM RADHARANI DEVI|website=All India Football Federation|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]<ref name=AIFF/>
| currentclub = [[Eastern Sporting Union]]<ref name=AIFF/>
| clubnumber = 2
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Manipur Police Sports Club|Manipur Police]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Eastern Sporting Union]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| nationalyears1 = 2013–2014
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 8
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| pcupdate =
| ntupdate = 11 April 2017
}}
{{Meitei name|Gurumayum|Radharani|Devi}}
'''Radharani Devi Gurumayum''' ({{langx|mni|Gurumayum Radharani Devi}}, born 1 March 1991) is an Indian [[Women's association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)|defender]] for [[Eastern Sporting Union]]. She also played for the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/player/34617|title=RADHARANI DEVI GURUMAYUM|website=Asian Football Confederation|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Women's Championship]]: [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/11/10/indian-womens-squad-announced-for-saff-championship/ |title=Indian women's squad announced for SAFF Championship |website=India Footy |last=Shukla |first=Abhishek |accessdate=19 February 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907050536/https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/11/10/indian-womens-squad-announced-for-saff-championship/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]]
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2016]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/20-selected-in-indian-squad-for-12th-south-asian-games|title=20 selected in Indian squad for 12th South Asian Games|website=AIFF|date=1 February 2016|access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

'''Eastern Sporting Union'''
* [[Indian Women's League]]: [[2016–17 Indian Women's League season|2016–17]]{{fact|date=September 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/57558?type=club AIFF profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurumayum}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Imphal]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Eastern Sporting Union players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}
{{India-footy-defender-stub}}

Kargahar

2025-10-29T12:47:25Z

Manpreet23: created entry

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kargahar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kargahar block map.png
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.12671|N|83.92745|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/1267778/karghar.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Karghar''|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.25
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 94
| population_total = 10170<ref name="Census 2011" />
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 821107<ref name="Census 2011" />
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kargahar''' is a village and corresponding [[community development block]] in [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. As of 2011, the population of Kargahar was 10,170, in 1,464 households, while the population of Kargahar block was 225,082, in 31,528 households. The nearest city is [[Sasaram]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=33, 44–70, 684–787, 1191–1192|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=4 July 2020}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = [[2011 Census of India]]<ref name="Census 2011"/>

| 2001 | 179556
| 2011 | 225082
}}
Kargahar is an entirely rural block, with no large urban centres. The [[sex ratio]] of the block in 2011 was 908 females to every 1000 males, which was the lowest among rural areas in Rohtas. The sex ratio was higher in the 0-6 age group, with 918 males for every 1000 females. Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 21.02% of the population and members of [[scheduled tribes]] made up 0.26%. The [[literacy rate]] of Kargahar block was 75.92%, higher than the district rate of 73.37%. There was an 18.71% literacy gender gap in the block, with 84.82% of men but only 66.11% of women able to read and write, a slightly smaller gap than the district gap of 19.91%.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

=== Employment ===
A majority of Kargahar block's workforce was engaged in [[agriculture]] in 2011, with 31.77% of workers being cultivators who owned or leased their own land and a further 44.45% being agricultural labourers who worked another person's land for wages. 7.13% worked as household industry workers, and the remaining 16.66% were other workers.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Amenities ==
Of the 198 inhabited villages in Kargahar block, 143 have [[school]]s and 10 have medical facilities. 26 have [[post office]]s and 66 have [[telephone]] service. 12 have [[bank]]s and [[agricultural credit society|agricultural credit societies]]. 87 have permanent [[pucca]] roads. 151 have [[National Grid (India)|electrical power]], serving 89.65% of block residents. All 198 villages had access to [[drinking water]], but only 21 of them had [[tap water]] (Kargahar itself not being one of them). In the rest, drinking water was mainly supplied via [[well]] and [[hand pump]]. Kargahar village also has a [[public library]], a [[community centre]] with [[sports field]]s, a regular [[Mandi (market)|mandi]], and a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Villages ==
Kargahar block has 257 villages, of which 198 are inhabited and 59 are uninhabited:<ref name="Census 2011"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| Kamdewa || 33 || 0
|-
| [[Siwan, Kargahar|Siwan]] || 599 || 3,673
|-
| Patkha || 24 || 0
|-
| Shiwapur || 107 || 1,022
|-
| Basgitia || 20 || 0
|-
| Nimdehra || 130 || 1,966
|-
| Bamhan Barahta || 166 || 1,301
|-
| Bhainsadih || 101 || 84
|-
| Bariyarpatti || 70 || 0
|-
| Bikram || 41 || 0
|-
| Barahta || 100 || 678
|-
| Kumhila || 148 || 1,453
|-
| Ranitali || 45 || 26
|-
| Rohdaspatti || 23 || 255
|-
| Ararua || 109 || 1,599
|-
| Hamirpur || 119 || 983
|-
| Gajaundha || 42 || 0
|-
| Akorhi || 218 || 1,273
|-
| Shahababad || 73 || 84
|-
| Kharej || 307 || 1,649
|-
| [[Dhanej, Rohtas|Dhanej]] || 385 || 3,634
|-
| Nemura || 135 || 754
|-
| Intawa || 74 || 1,275
|-
| Bhagwanpur || 170 || 702
|-
| Bastalwa || 100 || 811
|-
| Bahuara || 88 || 705
|-
| Tenuni || 236 || 1,342
|-
| Basawanpur || 13 || 0
|-
| Shahar || 216 || 1,613
|-
| Paraspura || 36 || 0
|-
| Karwar || 131 || 655
|-
| Saitapur || 27 || 0
|-
| Loknathpur || 144 || 527
|-
| Khoreya || 98 || 749
|-
| Chaturbhujpur || 65 || 0
|-
| Mangru Sarai || 109 || 0
|-
| Jhalkhora || 85 || 1,064
|-
| Rasulpur || 34 || 111
|-
| Mathia || 59 || 402
|-
| Bisodehri || 140 || 269
|-
| Baksara || 240 || 2,874
|-
| Rampur || 90 || 0
|-
| Samhota || 77 || 599
|-
| Ismailpur || 40 || 0
|-
| Hajipur || 49 || 0
|-
| Sohwalia Khurd || 98 || 309
|-
| Sohwalia Kalan || 116 || 871
|-
| Lakhan Chak || 30|| 0
|-
| Baispura || 181 || 1,530
|-
| Ratanpura || 103 || 700
|-
| Chhitni || 127 || 624
|-
| Kolhua || 91 || 0
|-
| Gareya || 110 || 988
|-
| Checharia || 66 || 0
|-
| Bhokhari || 308 || 2,276
|-
| Sansardih || 74 || 0
|-
| Pathalpura || 96 || 714
|-
| Chorha || 78 || 0
|-
| Sosna || 160 || 620
|-
| Basudhara || 83 || 501
|-
| Usana || 154 || 730
|-
| Kharhari || 230 || 1,531
|-
| Sajandehra || 116 || 1,021
|-
| Khutaha || 105 || 0
|-
| Khaira || 75 || 0
|-
| Akhtiarpur || 94 || 1,073
|-
| Manti || 229 || 2,060
|-
| Narhanian || 55 || 0
|-
| Rivan || 154 || 1,901
|-
| Jaruha || 112 || 0
|-
| Khajasir || 42 || 0
|-
| Dharampura || 53 || 0
|-
| Baur || 212 || 1,910
|-
| Jogwalia || 88 || 619
|-
| Lerha || 155 || 1,063
|-
| Baheri || 265 || 1,140
|-
| Kharhana || 332 || 1,795
|-
| Talia || 60 || 422
|-
| Bhawadih || 53 || 414
|-
| Garbha || 254 || 1,503
|-
| Gori || 476 || 2,378
|-
| Gogahra || 112 || 957
|-
| Bhaluni || 130 || 761
|-
| Bahuara || 246 || 1,047
|-
| Jairampah || 48 || 0
|-
| Pipri || 70 || 756
|-
| Banwalia || 34 || 0
|-
| Siri || 231 || 2,100
|-
| Bagahi || 123 || 0
|-
| Thorsan || 135 || 1,710
|-
| Jogipur || 143 || 598
|-
| Torni || 328 || 1,640
|-
| Phakla || 317.7 || 812
|-
| Banaulia || 77 || 91
|-
| Phakli || 108 || 1,037
|-
| Panapur || 73 || 0
|-
| Baradih || 71 || 259
|-
| Basdiha || 218 || 1,665
|-
| Sagarpur || 124 || 546
|-
| Ghordiha || 140 || 1,487
|-
| Dhangua || 89 || 498
|-
| Bhairawa || 100 || 300
|-
| Koriari || 141 || 1,313
|-
| Hardaspur || 65 || 0
|-
| Mominpur || 74 || 463
|-
| Belari || 205 || 1,311
|-
| Lankasur || 63 || 0
|-
| Mohanpur Kharsani || 64 || 423
|-
| Kalyanpur || 180 || 1,480
|-
| Meraripur || 68 || 434
|-
| Kharagpur Buzurg || 58 || 59
|-
| Harnarayanpur || 106 || 589
|-
| Maniari || 130 || 731
|-
| Ugarsenpur || 25 || 293
|-
| Tilkapur || 118 || 1,586
|-
| Shahpur || 20 || 0
|-
| Belaspur || 92 || 1,210
|-
| Manaidih || 54 || 0
|-
| Sarodih || 100 || 769
|-
| Tilokpur || 116 || 560
|-
| Mohanian || 359 || 1,404
|-
| Bhaluari || 108 || 1,007
|-
| Kharari || 581 || 2,744
|-
| Sonbarsa || 114 || 514
|-
| Kharagpura || 51 || 406
|-
| Mathurapur || 120 || 643
|-
| Semaria || 113 || 832
|-
| Mathia || 16 || 41
|-
| Dumra || 288 || 2,343
|-
| Ghuranpur || 37 || 0
|-
| Shukulpura || 64 || 888
|-
| Delhua || 131 || 1,040
|-
| Chilbila || 79 || 644
|-
| Panapur || 90 || 1,366
|-
| Baradih || 99 || 0
|-
| Pipra || 282.9 || 2,712
|-
| Shikohabad || 66 || 0
|-
| Samdiha || 195 || 1,718
|-
| Dalip Chak || 19 || 0
|-
| Raghopur || 64 || 258
|-
| Machandih || 76 || 721
|-
| Narayanpur || 77 || 37
|-
| Jalalpur || 70 || 1,659
|-
| Sahwalia || 25 || 0
|-
| Ambalia || 128 || 778
|-
| Kauakhonch || 96 || 1,117
|-
| Hirde Sarae || 102 || 328
|-
| Sarea || 88 || 334
|-
| Harbanspur || 31 || 0
|-
| Sahuar || 132 || 2,532
|-
| Man Rupaitha || 63 || 31
|-
| Rupaitha || 69 || 2,359
|-
| Parsupur || 57 || 0
|-
| Thorsan || 316 || 1,366
|-
| Rampur || 171 || 523
|-
| Ghuranpur || 120 || 608
|-
| Khanaithi || 238 || 1,556
|-
| Jagdatpur || 70 || 894
|-
| Pipri || 111 || 718
|-
| Basupur || 60 || 527
|-
| Kusahi || 134 || 1,154
|-
| Bagahi || 40 || 0
|-
| '''Kargahar''' (block headquarters) || 625 || 10,170
|-
| Soni || 84.2 || 989
|-
| Bhainsahi || 86 || 0
|-
| Nado || 118 || 715
|-
| [[Semri, Kargahar|Semri]] || 272 || 3,169
|-
| Lakhanpura || 38 || 795
|-
| Itawa || 64|| 0
|-
| Sirsia || 182 || 2,778
|-
| Garbhe || 69 || 328
|-
| Anurudhpur || 52 || 68
|-
| Dibhiya || 107 || 1,443
|-
| Pirtampur || 18 || 0
|-
| Kapatia || 59 || 419
|-
| Kishunpur || 16 || 0
|-
| Sonbarsa || 69 || 853
|-
| Narayanpur || 53 || 147
|-
| Parandehra || 61 || 1,006
|-
| Patwadih || 132 || 757
|-
| Semaria Kanak || 167 || 1,827
|-
| Khaira Sahmal || 159 || 1,775
|-
| Khaira Dew || 267 || 1,737
|-
| Khurhuria || 127 || 1,111
|-
| Gokhulpur || 49 || 161
|-
| Basantpur || 221 || 961
|-
| Chanddehri || 72 || 0
|-
| Ratti Chak || 74 || 110
|-
| Gopalpur || 44 || 527
|-
| Khorhari || 55 || 48
|-
| Chandarbhan Patti || 335 || 2,088
|-
| [[Barahri, Kargahar|Barahri]] || 467 || 4,413
|-
| Rehari || 180 || 1,458
|-
| Tenduni || 275 || 1,918
|-
| Adain || 108 || 786
|-
| Emandehri || 122 || 322
|-
| Khairahi || 127 || 974
|-
| Sanwabahar || 219 || 892
|-
| Akorhi || 201 || 2,780
|-
| Maheshpur || 153 || 934
|-
| Bishunpura || 80 || 1,024
|-
| Larui || 99 || 715
|-
| Jalwaia || 260 || 910
|-
| Panrepur || 93 || 641
|-
| Sirampur || 63 || 0
|-
| Tetrarh || 85 || 323
|-
| Khakhra || 272 || 1,466
|-
| Tenduwa || 147 || 1,126
|-
| Senduwar || 350 || 1,967
|-
| Semra || 75 || 0
|-
| Bhanpur || 100 || 578
|-
| Chakardharpur || 41 || 0
|-
| Lahuara || 81 || 1,552
|-
| Bahuara || 136 || 1,238
|-
| Balbhaddarpur || 93 || 467
|-
| Panaili || 97 || 1,271
|-
| Panaila || 96 || 577
|-
| Kamalpur || 84 || 677
|-
| Tikari || 163 || 610
|-
| Samhauta || 189 || 1,270
|-
| Raepur || 29 || 0
|-
| Kauwadih || 205 || 1,204
|-
| Bhagwanpur || 72 || 435
|-
| Deapur || 42 || 0
|-
| Larui || 94 || 1,135
|-
| Kharui || 68 || 0
|-
| Kasigawan || 64 || 0
|-
| Chandarbhanpur || 147 || 903
|-
| Kusdihra || 108 || 862
|-
| Dharahra || 99 || 538
|-
| Kutubpur || 34 || 0
|-
| Sonadih || 176 || 1,086
|-
| Tenua || 190 || 794
|-
| Sakraulia || 72 || 0
|-
| Parwalia || 115 || 625
|-
| Mahuli || 127 || 1,663
|-
| Damodarpur || 195 || 956
|-
| Pipra || 172 || 1,349
|-
| Bahera || 94 || 666
|-
| Bisesarpur || 40 || 0
|-
| Girdharpur || 70 || 1,089
|-
| Gokhulpur || 128 || 888
|-
| Sirampur || 35 || 0
|-
| Balapur || 117 || 1,010
|-
| Aruhi || 177 || 1,644
|-
| [[Rampur, Kargahar|Rampur]] || 235 || 3,117
|-
| Panjar || 261 || 1,752
|-
| Sakhuwan || 120 || 789
|-
| Mehmandih || 66 || 0
|-
| [[Babhani, Rohtas|Babhani]] || 281 || 4,286
|-
| [[Karup, Kargahar|Karup]] || 447 || 3,303
|-
| Pahari || 374 || 2,196
|-
| Kusmi || 150 || 246
|-
| Gonaila || 84 || 99
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rohtas district}}

[[Category:Villages in Rohtas district]]

2024–25 Mumbai Super League

2025-10-04T13:41:18Z

Manpreet23: stub

{{Short description|Mumbai Super League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{infobox football league season
| competition = [[Mumbai Football League#Mumbai Super League|Mumbai Super League]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024–25]]
| dates = 17 August 2024 – 14 February 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title= MFA to kick off new Season with Mumbai Super League|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/mfa-to-kick-off-new-season-with-mumbai-super-league/|access-date=2024-10-17|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=18 July 2024}}</ref>
| winners = Mumbai Soccer Prodigies<ref>{{Cite web |title= Mumbai Soccer Prodigies Crowned Champions in thrilling Mumbai Super League Finale|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-soccer-prodigies-crowned-champions-in-thrilling-mumbai-super-league-finale/|access-date=2025-02-17|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=17 February 2025}}</ref>
| promoted = Mumbai Soccer Prodigies Waves FC Mumbai Ultras<ref>{{Cite web |title= Mumbai Super League 2025-26: Tentative Group Draws are Out|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-super-league-2025-26-tentative-group-draws-are-out/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=1 July 2025}}</ref>
| relegated =
| matches = 247
| total goals = 1101
| league topscorer =
| best goalkeeper = Alex Erangle (Waves)
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring = {{nowrap|Anstrengung United 18–0 Spartans}} (14 December 2024)<ref>https://www.instagram.com/officialmfa83/p/DDpKDsbyF6o/?img_index=1</ref>
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses = Spartans (10)
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2023–24 MFA Super Division|2023–24]]
| nextseason = [[2025–26 Mumbai Super League|2025–26]]
| updated =
}}

The '''2024–25 Mumbai Super League''' was the [[association football|football]] league of the [[Mumbai Football League]], run by the [[Mumbai Football Association]]. It represents the 3rd tier of the [[Western India Football Association#Maharashtra Football League pyramid|Maharashtra football league system]]. The top three teams at the end of the playoffs are promoted to the [[Mumbai Premier League]].

[[Mumbai City FC Reserves and Academy#Under-19s|Mumbai City U19]] were crowned champions last season, followed by [[India On Track FC]] and [[Bombay Gymkhana]] in second and third place. These teams were promoted to the [[2024–25 Mumbai Premier League]] season. JMJ FC was demoted to the Super League after withdrawing mid-season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Arunava |title=VIDEO: Mumbai City FC U-19s secure Mumbai Elite Division promotion! |url=https://www.arunfoot.com/video-mumbai-city-fc-u-19s-secure-mumbai-elite-division-promotion/ |website=www.arunfoot.com |date=17 March 2024 |access-date=20 April 2024 }}</ref>

The 2024-25 MFA Super League season was prefixed by the [[MFA Independence Cup]] which included 16 Super League teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA Independence Cup 2024-25 to Kick Off Tomorrow|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/mfa-independence-cup-2024-25-kickoff/|access-date=2024-10-18|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=13 August 2024}}</ref> The final, which was played on [[Independence Day (India)|15 August]], was won by '''Mumbai Ultras FC'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shreyas Zele hattrick seals MFA Independence Cup for Mumbai Ultras FC|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/shreyas-zele-hattrick-seals-mfa-independence-day-cup-for-mumbai-ultras-fc/|access-date=2024-10-18|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=15 August 2024}}</ref>

==Teams and venue==
45 teams participated in the 2024–25 edition of the Mumbai Super League. Matches were played at the Neville D'Souza Ground in [[Bandra]].

The following teams have changed division since the [[2023–24 in Indian football|2024–25]] season:

=== Entered Mumbai Super League ===
'''Promoted from 2023–24 First Division'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA kicks off new season with expanded Mumbai Super League|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/mfa-kicks-off-new-season-with-expanded-mumbai-super-league/|access-date=2024-10-17|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=17 August 2024}}</ref>
* Shastri Nagar<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shetty |first1=Chittu |title=Owais Sayed and Mayur Jadhav Orchestrate Shastri Nagar-Offshots FC’s MFA First Division Triumph |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/owais-sayed-and-mayur-jadhav-orchestrate-shastri-nagar-offshots-fcs-mfa-first-division-triumph/ |website=www.footballcounter.com |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>
* [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco Academy]]
* South Mumbai United
* Regal Sports
* Rudra FC – JBU
* Waves FC
* Oscar Foundation
* Anstrengung United
* United City – FSA
* [[Bombay Gymkhana]] Colts

'''Relegated from the [[2023–24 Mumbai Premier League]]'''
* JMJ Sports

=== Left Mumbai Super League ===
'''Promoted to the [[2024–25 Mumbai Premier League]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA Super League: Mumbai City FC U19 lift title, India on Track FC confirm promotion|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/mfa-super-league-mumbai-city-fc-u19-lift-title-india-on-track-fc-confirm-promotion/|access-date=2024-09-10 |website=footballcounter.com|date=17 March 2024 |language=en-UK}}</ref>
* [[Mumbai City FC Reserves and Academy|Mumbai City B]]
* [[India On Track FC]]
* [[Bombay Gymkhana]]

'''Relegated to 2024–25 MFA First Division Championship'''
* ''None''

== League tables ==
=== Group A ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update=complete
|source=[https://footballmfa.com/msl-group-a-standings/ MSL Group A Standings] [https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team5=STR 
|team3=FSI 
|team4=CFC 
|team1=CHA 
|team6=IRO 
|team2=WAV 
|team9=SYM 
|team7=DON 
|team8=SOC 
|team10=RUS 
|team12=RUD 
|team11=OFC 


|win_CHA=9 |draw_CHA=1 |loss_CHA=1 |gf_CHA=34 |ga_CHA=6 
|win_WAV=7 |draw_WAV=3 |loss_WAV=1 |gf_WAV=37 |ga_WAV=12 
|win_FSI=7 |draw_FSI=3 |loss_FSI=1 |gf_FSI=27 |ga_FSI=10 
|win_CFC=7 |draw_CFC=1 |loss_CFC=2 |gf_CFC=32 |ga_CFC=10 
|win_STR=6 |draw_STR=1 |loss_STR=4 |gf_STR=22 |ga_STR=20 
|win_IRO=5 |draw_IRO=3 |loss_IRO=3 |gf_IRO=19 |ga_IRO=12 
|win_DON=3 |draw_DON=4 |loss_DON=4 |gf_DON=25 |ga_DON=17 
|win_SOC=4 |draw_SOC=1 |loss_SOC=5 |gf_SOC=21 |ga_SOC=27 
|win_SYM=2 |draw_SYM=2 |loss_SYM=7 |gf_SYM=16 |ga_SYM=26 
|win_RUS=2 |draw_RUS=1 |loss_RUS=8 |gf_RUS=11 |ga_RUS=34 
|win_OFC=2 |draw_OFC=0 |loss_OFC=9 |gf_OFC=13 |ga_OFC=52 
|win_RUD=1 |draw_RUD=0 |loss_RUD=10 |gf_RUD=10 |ga_RUD=41 


|name_STR= Mumbai Strikers
|name_FSI= Football School of India
|name_CFC= CFCI B
|name_CHA= [[Charkop]] FC
|name_IRO= Iron Born B
|name_WAV= Waves
|name_SYM= Symbians
|name_DON= [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco Academy]]
|name_SOC= Soccer XI
|name_RUS= India Rush
|name_RUD= Rudra-JBU
|name_OFC= [[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Mumbai Atletico]]


|result1=PLA
|result2=PLA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_PLA=green1
|text_PLA=Qualification for playoffs
}}

=== Group B ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://footballmfa.com/msl-group-b-standings/ MSL Group B Standings] [https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team1=ULT 
|team7=OSC 
|team4=ANS 
|team2=ROQ 
|team3=SSS 
|team6=UNI 
|team5=ICL 
|team9=RAT 
|team8=YOB 
|team10=JMJ 
|team11=SPA 


|win_ULT=8 |draw_ULT=1 |loss_ULT=1 |gf_ULT=39 |ga_ULT=10 
|win_ROQ=7 |draw_ROQ=2 |loss_ROQ=1 |gf_ROQ=27 |ga_ROQ=6 
|win_SSS=6 |draw_SSS=2 |loss_SSS=2 |gf_SSS=16 |ga_SSS=10 
|win_ANS=6 |draw_ANS=1 |loss_ANS=3 |gf_ANS=41 |ga_ANS=16 
|win_ICL=5 |draw_ICL=1 |loss_ICL=4 |gf_ICL=22 |ga_ICL=15 
|win_UNI=4 |draw_UNI=1 |loss_UNI=5 |gf_UNI=27 |ga_UNI=29 
|win_OSC=3 |draw_OSC=2 |loss_OSC=5 |gf_OSC=32 |ga_OSC=23 
|win_YOB=2 |draw_YOB=5 |loss_YOB=3 |gf_YOB=25 |ga_YOB=22 
|win_RAT=2 |draw_RAT=4 |loss_RAT=4 |gf_RAT=23 |ga_RAT=28 
|win_JMJ=2 |draw_JMJ=1 |loss_JMJ=7 |gf_JMJ=19 |ga_JMJ=29 
|win_SPA=0 |draw_SPA=0 |loss_SPA=10 |gf_SPA=10 |ga_SPA=93 


|name_ULT= Mumbai Ultras<ref>https://mumbaiultras.com/</ref>
|name_ROQ= ROQS
|name_OSC= Oscar Foundation
|name_ANS= Anstrengung United<ref>{{Cite web |title='Sports got them off the streets'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20170130-football-street-children-ngo-mumbai-anstrengung-united-985597-2017-01-20|access-date=2024-10-18|website=www.indiatoday.in|publisher=[[India Today]]|location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Aditi |last1=Pai |date=30 January 2017}}</ref>
|name_SSS= Soccer Saga
|name_UNI= United Villagers
|name_ICL= ICL U19
|name_RAT= Ratnam
|name_YOB= Young Boys
|name_JMJ= JMJ Sports
|name_SPA= Spartans


|result1=PLA
|result2=PLA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_PLA=green1
|text_PLA=Qualification for playoffs
}}

=== Group C ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://footballmfa.com/msl-group-c-standings/ MSL Group C Standings] [https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team1=TAR 
|team6=SKO 
|team5=SAL 
|team4=SOM 
|team2=YGI 
|team3=YGB 
|team7=SHN 
|team9=YMC 
|team10=ICY 
|team8=MMA 
|team11=REG 


|win_TAR=8 |draw_TAR=0 |loss_TAR=2 |gf_TAR=33 |ga_TAR=9 
|win_YGB=6 |draw_YGB=2 |loss_YGB=2 |gf_YGB=38 |ga_YGB=9 
|win_YGI=7 |draw_YGI=1 |loss_YGI=2 |gf_YGI=25 |ga_YGI=12 
|win_SOM=6 |draw_SOM=1 |loss_SOM=3 |gf_SOM=15 |ga_SOM=11 
|win_SAL=5 |draw_SAL=1 |loss_SAL=4 |gf_SAL=21 |ga_SAL=14 
|win_SKO=5 |draw_SKO=0 |loss_SKO=4 |gf_SKO=10 |ga_SKO=14 
|win_SHN=4 |draw_SHN=1 |loss_SHN=4 |gf_SHN=15 |ga_SHN=11 
|win_MMA=3 |draw_MMA=1 |loss_MMA=6 |gf_MMA=20 |ga_MMA=26 
|win_YMC=3 |draw_YMC=0 |loss_YMC=7 |gf_YMC=16 |ga_YMC=41 
|win_ICY=2 |draw_ICY=1 |loss_ICY=7 |gf_ICY=10 |ga_ICY=19 
|win_REG=0 |draw_REG=2 |loss_REG=8 |gf_REG=7 |ga_REG=44 


|name_TAR= Tarun Sporting
|name_SKO= Skorost United
|name_SAL= [[Salsette Island|Salsette]] FC
|name_SOM= [[Somaiya Vidyavihar University|Somaiya]]
|name_YGI= Young Guns India
|name_YGB= Young Guns [[Bandra]]
|name_SHN= Shastri Nagar
|name_YMC= Bombay [[YMCA]]
|name_ICY= ICL Youngstars
|name_MMA= [[Mumbai Marines FC|Mumbai Marines]]
|name_REG= Regal


|result1=PLA
|result2=PLA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_PLA=green1
|text_PLA=Qualification for playoffs
}}

=== Group D ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://footballmfa.com/msl-group-d-standings/ MSL Group D Standings] [https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team3=GYM
|team1=BFW
|team2=MSP
|team7=KOP
|team8=SMB
|team5=WZU
|team4=KSA
|team9=MIL
|team10=KEN
|team6=UCI
|team11=COL


|win_BFW=9 |draw_BFW=0 |loss_BFW=1 |gf_BFW=42 |ga_BFW=10 
|win_MSP=7 |draw_MSP=2 |loss_MSP=1 |gf_MSP=33 |ga_MSP=12 
|win_GYM=6 |draw_GYM=1 |loss_GYM=3 |gf_GYM=29 |ga_GYM=14 
|win_KSA=6 |draw_KSA=1 |loss_KSA=3 |gf_KSA=28 |ga_KSA=25 
|win_WZU=5 |draw_WZU=1 |loss_WZU=4 |gf_WZU=30 |ga_WZU=16 
|win_UCI=5 |draw_UCI=0 |loss_UCI=5 |gf_UCI=27 |ga_UCI=18 
|win_KOP=4 |draw_KOP=2 |loss_KOP=4 |gf_KOP=22 |ga_KOP=20 
|win_SMB=4 |draw_SMB=1 |loss_SMB=5 |gf_SMB=22 |ga_SMB=21 
|win_MIL=3 |draw_MIL=1 |loss_MIL=6 |gf_MIL=23 |ga_MIL=40 
|win_KEN=1 |draw_KEN=0 |loss_KEN=9 |gf_KEN=15 |ga_KEN=42 
|win_COL=0 |draw_COL=1 |loss_COL=9 |gf_COL=6 |ga_COL=59 


|name_BFW= Brothers Football Welfare
|name_MSP= Mumbai Soccer Prodigies
|name_GYM= [[Bombay Gymkhana]] Colts
|name_KOP= Kopana
|name_SMB= [[South Mumbai]] FC
|name_WZU= West Zone United
|name_KSA= KSA Juniors
|name_MIL= [[Millat FC|Millat B]]
|name_KEN= [[Mumbai Kenkre FC|Kenkre U19]]
|name_UCI= United City
|name_COL= [[Colaba]] FC


|result1=PLA
|result2=PLA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_PLA=green1
|text_PLA=Qualification for playoffs
}}

== Playoffs ==
The top two teams from each group qualify for the playoff round, starting with the quarterfinals. Initially it was decided that the top four teams in the playoffs get promoted,<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/DE4CAiByJIE/?igsh=eTRqMTJnNmhtZmx5</ref> would be promoted to the Mumbai Premier League.<ref name="msl">{{Cite web |title=MFA kicks off new season with expanded Mumbai Super League|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/mfa-kicks-off-new-season-with-expanded-mumbai-super-league/|access-date=2024-10-17|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=17 August 2024}}</ref> but only the top three were allowed promotion.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Mumbai Super League 2025-26: Tentative Group Draws are Out|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-super-league-2025-26-tentative-group-draws-are-out/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Mumbai Ultras secured a playoff spot with a 3-1 win over ICL U-19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Super League: Mumbai Ultras secure playoff spot with a stunning 3-1 win over ICL U-19|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-super-league-mumbai-ultras-secure-playoff-spot-with-a-stunning-3-1-win-over-icl-u-19/|access-date=2025-01-10|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=8 January 2025}}</ref> Mumbai Soccer Prodigies joined them with a string of wins, including a 7-1 victory over [[Kenkre FC|Kenkre U-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=We were mentally prepared to get into the playoffs from the 1st match itself: MSP Head Coach Ashutosh Rathod|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/we-were-mentally-prepared-to-get-into-the-playoffs-from-the-1st-match-itself-msp-head-coach-ashutosh-rathod/|access-date=2025-01-10|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/DE4CAiByJIE/?igsh=eTRqMTJnNmhtZmx5</ref>

=== Group A ===
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team3=CHA 
|team4=TAR 
|team1=WAV 
|team2=MSP 


|win_CHA=1 |draw_CHA= |loss_CHA=2 |gf_CHA=4 |ga_CHA=4 
|win_TAR= |draw_TAR= |loss_TAR=3 |gf_TAR=3 |ga_TAR=13 
|win_WAV=2 |draw_WAV=1 |loss_WAV= |gf_WAV=7 |ga_WAV=2 
|win_MSP=2 |draw_MSP=1 |loss_MSP= |gf_MSP=7 |ga_MSP=2 


|name_CHA= [[Charkop]] FC
|name_TAR= Tarun Sporting
|name_MSP= Mumbai Soccer Prodigies
|name_WAV= Waves FC


|result1=QUA
|result2=QUA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_QUA=green1
|text_QUA=Final round
}}<onlyinclude>

=== Group B ===
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mfa-super-league/22/ Football Counter]


|team1=ULT 
|team4=ROQ 
|team2=BFW 
|team3=YGI 


|win_ULT=2 |draw_ULT=1 |loss_ULT= |gf_ULT=12 |ga_ULT=3 
|win_BFW=2 |draw_BFW=1 |loss_BFW= |gf_BFW=9 |ga_BFW=3 
|win_ROQ= |draw_ROQ=1 |loss_ROQ=2 |gf_ROQ=2 |ga_ROQ=12 
|win_YGI= |draw_YGI=1 |loss_YGI=2 |gf_YGI=2 |ga_YGI=7 


|name_ULT= Mumbai Ultras
|name_BFW= Brothers Football Welfare
|name_ROQ= ROQS
|name_YGI= Young Guns India


|result1=QUA
|result2=QUA

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_QUA=green1
|text_QUA=Final round
}}<onlyinclude>

== Final round ==
The final round of the Mumbai Super League sees four teams battle it out in a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format. Waves FC, Mumbai Soccer Prodigies, Mumbai Ultras and Brothers SA confirmed their place in the final round.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Super League: MSP, Mumbai Ultras book final round slot|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-super-league-msp-mumbai-ultras-book-final-round-slot/|access-date=2025-02-10|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=4 February 2025}}</ref>
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|update= complete
|source=[https://www.footballcounter.com/live-score/mumbai-super-league-final-round/88/ Football Counter]


|team2=WAV 
|team1=MSP 
|team3=ULT 
|team4=BFW 


|win_ULT=1 |draw_ULT=1 |loss_ULT=1 |gf_ULT=5 |ga_ULT=5 
|win_BFW= |draw_BFW=1 |loss_BFW=2 |gf_BFW=4 |ga_BFW=8 
|win_WAV=1 |draw_WAV=2 |loss_WAV= |gf_WAV=3 |ga_WAV=1 
|win_MSP=2 |draw_MSP= |loss_MSP=1 |gf_MSP=8 |ga_MSP=6 


|name_ULT= Mumbai Ultras
|name_BFW= Brothers Football Welfare
|name_MSP= Mumbai Soccer Prodigies
|name_WAV= Waves FC


|result1=CHA
|result2=PRO
|result3=PRO

|show_limit=5|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored 5) goal difference 6) goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_CHA=gold
|text_CHA='''Champions''' and promotion to [[Mumbai Premier League]]
|col_PRO=green1
|text_PRO=Promotion to [[Mumbai Premier League]]
}}<onlyinclude>

== Individual awards ==
'''Best goalkeeper''': Alex Erangle (Waves)

'''Best defender''': Devesh Pandey (Mumbai Ultras)

'''Best midfielder''': Sunny Koli (Waves)

'''Best striker''': Nihal Colaco (Mumbai Soccer Prodigies)<ref>{{Cite web |title= Mumbai Soccer Prodigies Crowned Champions in thrilling Mumbai Super League Finale|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/mumbai-soccer-prodigies-crowned-champions-in-thrilling-mumbai-super-league-finale/|access-date=2025-02-17|website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter India |location=Mumbai|language=en-US|first1=Chittu |last1=Shetty |date=17 February 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024–25 Mumbai Premier League]]
* [[2024–25 I-League 3]]
* [[2024–25 Indian State Leagues]]
* [[2024–25 in Indian football]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Football in Maharashtra}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 MFA Elite Division}}

[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football]]

Manoj Joshi (commentator)

2025-09-17T17:27:16Z

Manpreet23: added

{{Short description|Indian Sport journalist, author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
'''Manoj Joshi''' is an Indian sports journalist, author and TV commentator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Golden Age Of Radio Commentary: Manoj Joshi |url=http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/article/The-Golden-Age-Of-Radio-Commentary-Manoj-Joshi-/08-12-2021-414151 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Everything Experiential |language=en}}</ref> He has covered several Olympics, [[Asian Games]], [[Commonwealth Games]], [[South Asian Games]] and [[Afro-Asian Games|Afro Asian Games]]. He is known for his live commentary on 4 seasons of [[Pro Wrestling League]] on Sony Network and Big Bout League on [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]].

== Career ==
Manoj holds a MA (Hindi) from the [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]]. He also has a Masters in Mass Communication from [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology|Guru Jambheshwar University]]. He holds a Post-graduate Diploma in Journalism and Mass Communication from the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]]. Manoj started his career with [[Navbharat Times]] for 19 years in [[Mumbai]] and Delhi between April 1988 to January 2008, and later moved to TV and Digital Media. He has written several articles on newspapers and online prints. He is also a regular contributor to [[Daily Guardian (Iloilo)|The Daily Guardian]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manoj Joshi, Author at The Daily Guardian |url=https://thedailyguardian.com/author/manoj-joshi/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=The Daily Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> & [[Aaj Samaj]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manager |first=Archive |date=9 January 2017 |title=कुश्ती दंगल – आमिर के एक संवाद के 18 'टेक' और फा |url=https://panchjanya.com/2017/01/09/218341/archive/r8497cb9c/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Panchjanya |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2005, he was invited as a guest for sportline programme of [[Fox Sports (Asian TV network)|ESPN-Star Sports]] in Singapore. He has 550 hours of live wrestling commentary was recognized by [[Limca Book of Records]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2021 |title=Manoj Joshi: भारतीय कमेंटेटर ने कर दिया कमाल, लिम्का बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स में दर्ज हुआ नाम |url=https://www.aajtak.in/sports/news/story/wrestling-commentator-manoj-joshi-achieved-special-achievement-named-in-limca-book-of-records-tspo-1376340-2021-12-19 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=इन्होंने दंगल में निभाई एक्सपर्ट की भूमिका, बताया अपना अनुभव और 'इनसाइड स्टोरी' |url=https://www.jagran.com/news/sports-journalist-manoj-joshi-narrates-the-experience-of-working-in-dangal-15283537.html |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Manoj has also featured on [[Aamir Khan|Amir Khan]]'s movie [[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2016 |title='दंगल' के एक्सपर्ट की जुबानी, आमिर की कहानी |url=https://hindi.firstpost.com/sports/others/experts-experience-working-with-amir-khan-in-dangal-7184.html |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Firstpost Hindi}}</ref> He currently serves as Editor Sports for [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] network group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भारत के इस रेसलिंग कमेंटेटर ने हासिल की खास उपलब्धि, लिम्का बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स में बनाई जगह |url=https://www.jagran.com/other-sports/headlines-this-wrestling-commentator-from-india-achieved-a-special-achievement-got-a-place-in-limca-book-of-records-22271347.html |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

He is based in [[Indirapuram|Indirapuram, Ghaziabad.]]

== Bibliography ==
* ''Joshi, Manoj (1992). Bhartiya Mall Vidya. Pushpang Prakashan, was awarded by Maharashtra Government & released by Sh. Sharad Pawar at Sangli (Maharashtra) in 1992''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Ke 10 Shirsasth Pahalwan – Hindi book by – Manoj Joshi – भारत के 10 श्रेष्ठ पहलवान – मनोज जोशी |url=https://www.pustak.org/index.php/books/bookdetails/10718 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=www.pustak.org}}</ref>
* ''Joshi, Manoj (1992).Indira Gandhi Gold Cup Hockey Tournament by Marine Sports, Mumbai & released by Smt. Sonia Gandhi at National Stadium, New Delhi.''
* Joshi, Manoj (2004) Wrestling Rules.
* Joshi, Manoj (2007) Bharat ke Dus Shirshasth Pahelwan
* Joshi, Manoj (2018) Climax (on top 50 bouts of Pro Wrestling League) was released at Ludhiana<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2019 |title=पीडब्ल्यूएल की 50 यादगार कुश्तियों पर किताब रिलीज – आईएएनएस न्यूज़ |url=https://hindi.newsd.in/pidblyuel-ki-50-yaadgaaar-kushtiyon-pr-kitaab-rilij/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Newsd Hindi न्यूज्ड |language=hindi}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-93-85995-73-6}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://twitter.com/manojjoshimedia Manoj Joshi] on Twitter

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Manoj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Wrestling announcers]]
[[Category:Indian sports journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Commentators]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

Kariavattom Sastha Temple

2025-09-11T17:13:53Z

Manpreet23: created redirect page

#redirect[[Kariavattom]]

Amarapar

2025-08-14T20:55:06Z

Manpreet23: added

{{short description|Village in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amarapar
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Amarapar_Village.png
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|6|0|N|70|14|30|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Gujarat.svg}} [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[City]]
}}

'''Amarapar''' is a [[village]] located in the Bhachau Taluka of the [[Kutch district|Kachchh district]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
Amarapar is situated approximately 89 kilometers east of [[Bhuj]], which is the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMARAPAR Village AMARAPAR Panchayat BHACHAU Block, KACHCHH, Gujarat India BrandBharat.com |url=https://ns1.brandbharat.com/english/gujarat/districts/Kachchh/Kachchh_BHACHAU_AMARAPAR_AMARAPAR.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=ns1.brandbharat.com}}</ref> The village covers a total geographical area of about 3,723.01 hectares. It is surrounded by agricultural land, including both irrigated and rainfed areas, making farming the primary source of livelihood for its residents. The climate in Amarapar is typically hot and dry, common in the [[Kachchh]] region.

== Demographics ==
As per the [[2011 census of India]], Amarapar has a population of about 1,747 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amarapar Village Population - Bhachau, Kachchh, Gujarat |url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/gujarat/kachchh/bhachau/amarapar-population.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Censusindia2011.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[village]] has a balanced gender ratio, with 908 males and 839 females. The population density is approximately 46.92 persons per square kilometer, indicating a fairly small community. The literacy rate in Amarapar is around 52.3%, which is lower than the average literacy rate of the [[Kutch district|Kachchh district]].

== Economy ==
The economy of Amarapar is primarily based on agriculture. The village has a total agricultural area of around 1,014 hectares, with both irrigated and un-irrigated lands. Many residents work as cultivators or agricultural laborers, growing crops such as wheat, millet, and various vegetables. Additionally, some inhabitants engage in small-scale trading and cottage industries that support the local economy.

== Notable places ==
Amarapar's proximity to several popular tourist destinations makes it an attractive location for visitors. One significant site is the Kutch Fossil Park, situated close to the [[village]] of Nirona. This park is famous for its extensive collection of [[fossil]]s, including invertebrates, ammonites, and other prehistoric specimens.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Geography of Gujarat]]

Harakanahalu, Davanagere

2025-08-13T21:24:03Z

Manpreet23: created new entry

{{short description|Village in Karnataka, India}}
{{moresources|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harakanahalu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14|45|51|N|76|15|54|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Davanagere district|Davanagere]]<ref name=":1" />
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Kudligi]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 583131<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title= Harakanahalu Pin Code|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/karnataka/davangere/harakanahalu |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=India TV|language=en}}</ref>
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Harakanahalu''' is a village in [[Davanagere district]], [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title= HARAKANAHALU PIN CODE|url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/karnataka/davangere/harakanahalu-pincode-583131.html|access-date=5 May 2024 |website=abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Davanagere district]]

{{Davanagere-geo-stub}}

1975 Porbandar cyclone

2025-06-20T07:46:14Z

Manpreet23: added

{{Short description|North Indian Ocean cyclone in 1975}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = 1975 Porbandar cyclone
| image = 16A 1975-10-21.png
| caption = Cyclone on 21 October
| formed = 17 October 1975
| dissipated = 24 October 1975
}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 80
| pressure = 966
| gusts =
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 85
| pressure =
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1975
| damages = {{INRconvert|75|c|year=1975}}
| fatalities = 85
| missing =
| injuries =
| affected = [[Gujarat]], India
| ibtracs = https://web.archive.org/web/20160707135410/http://atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_v03r04/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r04-1975292N16073
}}
{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
The '''1975 Porbandar cyclone''', also designated '''Cyclone Sixteen (16A)''' by [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]], was a [[tropical cyclone]] that affected [[Gujarat]] state of [[India]] and southern [[Pakistan]] from 17 to 24 October 1975. It killed 85 people and caused damages of estimated {{INRconvert|75|c|year=1975}}.

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|16A 1975 track.png|colors=new}}

On 17 October 1975, the remnant of an earlier depression in the west central [[Bay of Bengal]] were moving towards India. Next day, the disturbance crossed the [[Andhra Pradesh]] coast and weakened into a low-pressure area. However, another low-pressure area formed in the east central [[Arabian Sea]]. The system was classified as T1 in the [[Dvorak technique]], suggesting it was a tropical storm. On 19 October, these two low-pressure circulations merged to form a depression centered near [[Maharashtra]] coast. The system intensity was classified as T2. The depression continued to intensify and moved west-northwestwards moving into the Arabian Sea. On the morning of the 20 October, the system intensified into a deep depression and was centered near 18.5°N, 70°E in Arabian Sea. The system intensity was classified as T3.5. By the noon, the deep depression had intensified into a cyclonic storm. It continued to move towards northwest. The next day it intensified in the severe cyclonic storm and moved towards north-northeast. On 22 October morning, it slightly weaken before making a landfall on coast about 10-15 km north of [[Porbandar]]. It moved northeast and weaken into cyclonic storm by 23 October, centred near [[Radhanpur]]. By the next day noon, it had weaken into depression on 24 October near [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] in Rajasthan and then rapidly became a well-marked low-pressure area and moved northeastward before dissipating on 24 October evening near [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gupta |first=G. R. |last2=Mishra |first2=D. K. |last3=Yadav |first3=B. R. |date=1977-04-01 |title=The Porbandar cyclone of October 1975 |url=https://mausamjournal.imd.gov.in/index.php/MAUSAM/article/view/2687 |journal=MAUSAM |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=177–188 |doi=10.54302/mausam.v28i2.2687 |issn=0252-9416|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dube |first=S. K. |last2=Sinha |first2=P. C. |last3=Rao |first3=A. D. |last4=Rao |first4=G. S. |date=1985-08-01 |title=Numerical modelling of storm surges in the Arabian Sea |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0307904X85900678 |journal=Applied Mathematical Modelling |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=289–294 |doi=10.1016/0307-904X(85)90067-8 |issn=0307-904X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

It was the first time since 1877 that a severe cyclonic storm landed in Gujarat in October month and second since a cyclonic storm in October 1917.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mukherjee |first=A. K. |last2=Subramanian |first2=S. K. |date=1977-10-01 |title=Some features of Porbandar cyclone of October 1975 |url=https://mausamjournal.imd.gov.in/index.php/MAUSAM/article/view/2756 |journal=MAUSAM |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=439–446 |doi=10.54302/mausam.v28i4.2756 |issn=0252-9416|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Effects ==
The height of swells were noted 4 m at Porbandar, 5 m at [[Dwarka]] and 6 m at [[Okha, India|Okha]].<ref name=":0"/>

The cyclone caused severe damage to livelihoods, killing 85 people. Total damages were estimated to be {{INRconvert|75|c|year=1975}} which included buildings, crops, grain storages and others.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1" /> It caused severe damage in [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]], [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]] and [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]] districts. Large number of houses were destroyed and the rail traffic was disturbed for about a week.<ref name=":1" />
== See also ==
* [[List of Gujarat tropical cyclones]]
* [[1888 Arabian Sea cyclone]]
* [[1998 Gujarat cyclone]]
* [[Cyclone Tauktae]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portalbar|Tropical cyclones|India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1975 Porbandar cyclone}}
[[Category:1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
[[Category:1975 disasters in India]]
[[Category:1970s in Gujarat]]

Pattar Kalan

2025-05-19T16:30:19Z

Manpreet23: adding a entry w/ sources...

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}

'''Pattar Kalan''' is a village in [[Jalandhar district]], [[Punjab, India]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> situated on [[Kapurthala]] to Kartarpur road. Its [[Postal Index Number|pincode]] is 144806.

==Notable people==
*[[Surjit Patar]], a Punjabi [[writer]] and [[poet]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]

{{Jalandhar district}}

{{Jalandhar-geo-stub}}

Keezha Pullanviduthi

2025-05-10T17:56:09Z

Manpreet23: created a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Village in India}}
'''Keezha Pullanviduthi''' is a village in [[Alangudi taluk]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Villages in Pudukkottai district]]

{{Pudukkottai-geo-stub}}

Kuku Mey Mey

2025-01-07T09:50:03Z

Manpreet23: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox television
|alt_name=Kuku and the Goat
|country=India
|language=None
|genre=[[Slapstick comedy]]
|company=HopMotion Animation
|network={{ubl|[[Amazon Prime Video]]|[[Toon Goggles]]}}
|writer=Carmen Zainabadi
|director=Anish Patel
|runtime=7 minutes
|num_seasons=1
|num_episodes=78
}}

'''''Kuku Mey Mey''''' is an Indian animated [[slapstick comedy]] television series produced by HopMotion Animation. It premiered on [[Toon Goggles]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]] simultaneously under the title '''''Kuku and the Goat'''''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/hopmotions-first-original-ip-kuku-mey-mey-to-launch-on-toon-goggles-amazon-prime-us/|title=HopMotion's first original IP 'KuKu Mey Mey' to launch on Toon Goggles, Amazon Prime US|website=Television Post|date=2018-04-10|access-date=2018-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515072453/http://www.televisionpost.com/hopmotions-first-original-ip-kuku-mey-mey-to-launch-on-toon-goggles-amazon-prime-us/|archive-date=2018-05-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/hopmotion-animation-reveals-first-look-of-their-debut-original-ip-kuku-mey-mey|title=HopMotion Animation reveals first look of their debut original IP 'Kuku Mey Mey'|first=Anshita|last=Bhatt|date=2018-03-14|access-date=2019-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528051553/http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/hopmotion-animation-reveals-first-look-of-their-debut-original-ip-kuku-mey-mey|archive-date=2019-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Mey Mey lives in an inn in a jungle. Kuku, tries to break into the inn but Mey Mey has set up traps to dissuade Kuku.

==Characters==
*'''Kuku''': Kuku always tries to get into Mey Mey's inn. Despite being a lion, he is not violent.
*'''Mey Mey''': Mey Mey is a goat who lives an inn in a forest. When Kuku tries to get in, he sets up traps.

==Reception==
It was nominated for FICCI's Best Animated Frames award in the Episode (Indian) category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ficci-frames.com/baf/FICCI-BAF-AWARDS-2018-NOMINATION-LIST.pdf|title=FICCI's BAF Awards 2018 Nomination List|publisher=FICCI|access-date=2019-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045338/http://www.ficci-frames.com/baf/FICCI-BAF-AWARDS-2018-NOMINATION-LIST.pdf|archive-date=2019-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/hopmotion-releases-first-original-ip-on-toon-googles-amazon-prime-us-180410|title=HopMotion releases first original IP on Toon Goggles, Amazon Prime|website=Indian Television|date=2018-04-10|access-date=2019-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528044145/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/hopmotion-releases-first-original-ip-on-toon-googles-amazon-prime-us-180410|archive-date=2019-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian children's animated comedy television series]]
[[Category:Animated television series about lions]]
[[Category:Fiction about goats]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Africa]]
[[Category:Animated television series without speech]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Shobhita

2024-08-23T02:02:09Z

Manpreet23: created details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shobhita
| succession = King of [[Naddula]]
| reign = c. 982–986 CE
| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Naddula]]
| predecessor = [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]]
| successor = [[Baliraja]]
}}
'''Shobhita''' ([[IAST]]: Śobhita, r. c. 982–986 CE) was an Indian king belonging to the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana dynasty]]. He ruled the area around [[Naddula]] (present-day Nadol in [[Rajasthan]]), and achieved military successes against the [[Paramaras of Chandravati]].

== Reign ==

Shobhita was a son of his predecessor [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)|Lakshmana]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=238}} He is also known as Sohita or Sohiya.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=122}}

According to the [[Sundha Mata Temple|Sundha Hill]] inscription, Shobhita "took away the glory of" the lord of Arbuda ([[Mount Abu]]). Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that this lord of Arbuda was probably Aranyaraja, a ruler of the [[Paramaras of Chandravati|Paramara branch of Abu]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=238}} [[Dasharatha Sharma]] identifies him with another Paramara ruler named Dharanivaraha, who had been attacked and defeated by the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Mularaja]]. Sharma theorizes that Shobhita sided with Mularaja in this conflict.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=122}}

Shobhita has been described as the lord of [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] in the [[Sewari]] inscription of his descendant [[Ratnapala (Chahamana dynasty)|Ratnapala]]. Dhara was the capital of the imperial [[Paramara dynasty]] of [[Malwa]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=238}} Historian D. C. Ganguly speculated that "Dhara" was a mistake for "Thara", which was a city in the 12th century [[Mewar]] region.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=239}} However, according to [[Dasharatha Sharma]], Shobhita fought against the Paramaras of Malwa, and occupied their capital Dhara.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=122}} R. B. Singh notes that Shobhita's successor [[Baliraja]] is said to have defeated an army of the Paramara monarch [[Vakpati Munja|Munja]]. Singh theorizes that Shobhita might have captured Dhara for a brief period, while Munja was busy in his southern campaigns against the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=239}}

Shobhita was succeeded by his son Baliraja. A Mount Abu inscription wrongly names Baliraja as the predecessor of Shobhita: this is directly contradicted by other inscriptions of the family.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=238}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}

{{Chahamanas of Naddula}}

[[Category:Chahamana kings of Naddula]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian monarchs]]

{{royal-stub}}

Aadmi (1939 film)

2023-04-02T11:51:01Z

Manpreet23: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Manoos]] {{R from merge}}

K. Dileep Kumar

2023-03-03T11:53:55Z

Manpreet23: Created redirect page

#redirect [[Dileep Kumar (politician)]]