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Amey Wagh

2026-05-06T19:31:01Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amey Wagh
| image = File:Amey Wagh (2018).jpg
| caption = Wagh in 2018.
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|13 November 1988}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2011–present
| notable_works = {{Plain list|
* ''[[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]''
* ''[[Dil Dosti Dobara]]''
* ''[[Faster Fene]]''
* ''[[Amar Photo Studio]]''
}}
| height = 5 ft 5 in
| parents =
| spouse = {{marriage | Sajiri Deshpande |2017}}
}}

'''Amey Wagh''' (born 13 November 1988)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/video/entertainment/birthday-special-happy-birthday-actor-amey-wagh/videoshow/66605378.cms|title=बर्थडे स्पेशल: अमेय वाघ; लक्षवेधी अभिनेता|language=mr|website=Maharashtra Times|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref> is an Indian actor known for his work in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] films such as [[Popat (film)|''Popat'']], ''[[Faster Fene]]'', ''[[Muramba]]'', ''[[Girlfriend (2019 film)|Girlfriend]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/faster-fene-compared-to-sherlock/articleshow/60840535.cms|title=Amey Wagh: Faster Fene is being compared to Sherlock – Times of India|last=Bhanage|first=Mihir|date=27 September 2017|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/when-amey-waghs-parents-got-emotional/articleshow/58977805.cms|title=When Amey Wagh's parents got emotional|last=Atulkar|first=Preeti|date=3 June 2017|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref> He was recently seen portraying Kushal in season 2 of ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]'' and Balvir Subeir in ''[[Asur (web series)|Asur- Welcome to Your Dark Side]] and Asur 2''. He is received numerous accolades including two [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] and a [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]].

== Early life ==
Wagh studied in [[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce]], Pune. He began actively participating in play competitions since he began college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/kutumbkatta-news/actor-amey-wagh-remember-his-golden-days-of-college-life-1819451/|title=कॉलेज आठवणींचा कोलाज : सुवर्णकाळ|last=Joshi|first=Mitesh|date=2019-01-09|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> He lived in a joint family in [[Pune]], consisting of around 65 members. His family was in the transport business.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/amey-wagh-reveals-secrets-on-famously-filmfare/articleshow/68360078.cms|title=Amey Wagh reveals secrets on Famously Filmfare - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>

== Career ==
Wagh is part of the theatre troupe, ''[[Natak Company]]''.<ref name=":0" /> He auditioned for the role of Chatur in ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009) but was rejected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Amey-Wagh-Its-been-almost-two-years-since-my-last-release-and-I-was-a-little-worried-about-that/articleshow/69798417.cms|title=Amey Wagh: It's been almost two years since my last release and I was a little worried about that - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref> He made his Bollywood debut in 2012 through the movie, ''[[Aiyyaa]]'', where he played Nana.<ref name="Aiyyaa"/> He made his marathi film debut through Sangeeta Pusalkar's directorial, ''Aaicha Gondhal'' (2008), starring Kuldip Pawar, as his father and Nirmiti Sawant, as his mother. In 2014, he was in an English play titled ''The Government Inspector''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/ncpa-akvarious-productions-play-the-government-inspector-premiers-in-bangalore/|title=NCPA & Akvarious Production's play The Government Inspector premiers in Bangalore|date=16 October 2014|website=APN News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> In the same year he was also seen in ''[[Shutter (2014 film)|Shutter]]'' (2014). He was also in the play ''Bombed'' in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://youthincmag.com/bombed-by-akvarious-productions-review|title=BOMBED by Akvarious Productions – Review|date=16 March 2015|website=youth incorporated|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> The Marathi play, ''[[Amar Photo Studio]],'' had Wagh in a lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/theatre/parna-pethe-replaces-sakhi-in-amar-photo-studio/articleshow/65405423.cms|title=Parna Pethe Replaces Sakhi in Amar Photo Studio|date=15 August 2018|website=www.timesofindia.com}}</ref> He also starred in two popular Marathi TV serials ''[[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]'' and its sequel ''[[Dil Dosti Dobara]]''. He also hosted Zee Marathi Awards 2015-Utsav Natyancha Aplya Maitricha along with [[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]].

He hosted the show ''Super Dancer Maharashtra'' in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dussehra-special-amey-wagh-shares-a-picture-of-his-raavan-avatar/articleshow/66271829.cms|title=Dussehra Special: Amey Wagh shares a picture of his 'Raavan' avatar - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> He also co-hosted Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2018, alongside [[Suvrat Joshi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2018-a-glamorous-evening/articleshow/65992980.cms|title=Jio FIlmfare Awards Marathi 2018: a glamorous evening - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> He is part of the YouTube channel [[Bharatiya Digital Party]], where he hosts a celebrity talk show called ''Casting Couch with Amey & Nipun''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxC7Cf-m6Y9ARha9WFuDTpyKPhW8d6cl|title=Casting Couch (All episodes) - YouTube|website=YouTube|language=en|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref> He was ranked 5 in the Times of India-Pune's Most Desirable Men list in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/times-poll-2018/pune-times-most-desirable-men|title=Pune Most Desirable Men- Times Poll-Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref> His movie, ''Girlfriend,'' has released in July 2019.<ref name="Girlfriend release"/> He hosted the food show ''Mrs.Annapurna'' (2014) on ETV Marathi and the dance reality show ''2 MAD'' (2017) on Colors Marathi.{{Citation needed|reason=better citation needed|date=March 2019}} He has also acted in the movie Mee Vasantrao, which was releasing on 1 May 2020 but is postponed due to the lockdown in India.

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2008
|''Joshi Ki Kamble''
|Sanjay Kamble
|Marathi
|
|-
|2008
|''Aaicha Gondhal''
|Son of Village Head
|Marathi
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Billu]]''
|Modern Barber's Assistant
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amey Wagh|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4512914/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''Lagli Paij''
|Anand Gadgil
|Marathi
|
|-
|2010 ||''[[Aiyyaa]]'' || Nana || Hindi || <ref name="Aiyyaa">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Amey-Wagh/movies|title=Amey Wagh Movies: Latest and Upcoming Films of Amey Wagh|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>
|-
|2013 || ''[[Popat (film)|Popat]]'' || Raghu
|rowspan=5| Marathi ||<ref name="popat">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-this-popat-ll-lead-you-to-introspection-1873634|title=This Popat'll lead you to introspection|date=2013-08-13|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
|-
|2014 ||''[[Shutter (2014 film)|Shutter]]'' || Autorickshaw Driver ||
|-
|2016 || ''[[Ghantaa]]'' || Raj ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2017 ||''[[Muramba]]'' || Alok ||
|-
|''[[Faster Fene]]'' || Banesh Fene(Banya)||
|-
|2018 ||''[[High Jack (film)|High Jack]]'' || ATC Junior Official || Hindi ||
|-
|2019 || ''[[Girlfriend (2019 film)|Girlfriend]]'' || Nachiket || rowspan="4" |Marathi ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/amey-wagh-new-marathi-movie-girlfriend-1891314/|title=…म्हणून अमेय वाघला हवं होतं मुलीसाठी नाव|date=2019-05-10|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/girlfriend-upendra-sidhaye-unveils-first-look-poster-of-his-debut-venture/articleshow/69265087.cms|title='Girlfriend': Upendra Sidhaye unveils first look poster of his debut venture - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref><ref name="Girlfriend release">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/girlfriend-new-teaser-director-upendra-sidhaye-gives-us-a-glimpse-of-the-story-set-to-unfold/articleshow/69725196.cms|title='Girlfriend' new teaser: Director Upendra Sidhaye gives us a glimpse of the story set to unfold - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Dhurala]]''
|Bhavajya
|
|-
|2021
|''Karkhanisanchi Waari: Ashes on a road trip''
| Om Kharkhanis
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''[[Zombivali]]''
|Sudhir
|
|-
|''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
|Kaustubh Godbole
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Me Vasantrao]]''
|Master [[Deenanath Mangeshkar]]
|Marathi
|
|-
|[[Ananya (film)|''Ananya'']]
|Jay Dixit
|Marathi
|Nominated [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|Jaggu
|Marathi
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Like Aani Subscribe (film)|Like Aani Subscribe]]''
|Rohidas Chavan / Rohit
|Marathi
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Like Aani Subscribe Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} लाईक आणि सबस्क्राईब {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/like-aani-subscribe-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=15 July 2024 |date=16 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
|''[[Fussclass Dabhade]]''
|Sonu
|Marathi
| <ref>{{cite web |title=FussClass Dabhade Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} फसक्लास {{!}} FirstClass Dabhade {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/fussclass-dabhade-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=6 September 2024 |date=6 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ambat Shaukin]]''
|Amey
|Marathi
|
|-
| {{ Pending film | Frame }}
|{{TBA}}
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jadhav |first=Devendra |date=2023-11-11 |title=Nagraj Manjule: पत्रकारांच्या जगण्यावर भाष्य? नागराज मंजुळेंचा आगामी सिनेमा 'फ्रेम', या अभिनेत्याची प्रमुख भुमिका |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/nagraj-manjule-new-marathi-movie-frame-with-amey-wagh-teaser-out-with-naal-2-drj96 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=सकाळ |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Pet Detective]]''
| Psycho
| Malayalam
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Krantijyoti Vidyalay Marathi Madhyam]]''
| Baban Mhatre
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2025-12-31 |title=Hemant Dhome interview: On ‘Krantijyoti Vidyalay’ and reinvigorating Marathi cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jhimma-director-hemant-dhome-on-krantijyoti-vidyalay-marathi-cinema/article70456114.ece |access-date=2025-12-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Refs
|-
|2015 - 2016
|''[[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]''
|Kaivalya Karkhanis
|Sitcom
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Dil Dosti Dobara]]''
|Sahil Pradhan
|
|
|-
|2016
|''Casting Couch with Amey & Nipun''
|Host
|Webseries
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-pl-deshpande-to-bhadipa-bridging-laughs-2723023|title=PL Deshpande to BhaDiPa: Bridging laughs|date=2019-02-23|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Boygiri]]''
|Bajirao Ghadigoankar
|Webseries
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://webisoda.in/webseries/boygiri/|title=Watch Boygiri (2017) online {{!}} Latest Episodes {{!}} Webisoda - The Indian Web Series Hub|work=Webisoda - The Indian Web Series Hub|access-date=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games 2]]''
|Khushal
|[[Netflix]] Original Series
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/sacred-games-2-from-surveen-chawlas-jojo-to-amey-waghs-khushal-8-standout-supporting-characters-in-saif-ali-khan-nawazuddin-siddiquis-netflix-series-spoiler-alert-1108007.html|title=Sacred Games 2: From Surveen Chawla's Jojo to Amey Wagh's Khushal, 8 Standout Supporting Characters in Saif Ali Khan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui's Netflix Series (SPOILER ALERT)|date=2019-08-17|website=Latestly|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sacred-games-2-about-religious-fanaticism-756462.html|title=Sacred Games 2 about religious fanaticism|date=2019-08-23|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Brochara''
|Pampu
|Dice Media
|
|-
|2020
|[[Asur: Welcome to Your Dark Side (TV Series)|''Asur'']]
|Balvir Subeir
|[[Voot|Voot Select]] Original Series
|
|-

|2021
|''[[Cartel (web series)|Cartel]]''
|Dhawal
|[[Sony Liv]]
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Bigg Boss Marathi (season 3)|Bigg Boss Marathi 3]]''
|Guest
|Reality Show
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[The Great Indian Murder]]''
| Arun Deshmukh
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Kaala Paani]]''
| ACP Ketan Kamat
| [[Netflix]]
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Sadhi Manasa]]''
|Prashant Dabhade (Episode 275) (Special Appearance)
| [[Star Pravah]]
|
|}

==Plays==

*''[[Amar Photo Studio]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/theatre-is-my-first-love-amey-wagh/articleshow/62056858.cms|title=Theatre is my first love: Amey Wagh – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/amey-waghs-tryst-with-drama-company/articleshow/61766452.cms|title=Amey Wagh's tryst with a drama company – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>''
*''Bombed''
*''Cycle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Amar-Photo-Studio-Pune/articleshow/53654719.cms|title=This 'photo studio' will capture a different perspective - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>''
*''Dalan''
*''Geli Ekvees Varsha''
*''The Government Inspector''
*[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (play)|''Katyar Kaljat Ghusali'']]
*''Natasamrat (old)''
* ''Never Mind''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/Light-take-on-Romance/articleshow/31925587.cms|title=Light take on Romance|date=8 January 2012|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|access-date=16 May 2019|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110160733/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/light-take-on-romance/articleshow/31925587.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
He was awarded Vinod Doshi fellowship in performing arts in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vsdf.org/fellowship-performing-arts.html|title=Performing Arts in India {{!}} Theatre Fellowship in India|website=vsdf.org|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> He won the award for Best Actor in a Leading Role (male) in the Filmfare Awards Marathi 2018, for ''Muramba''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2018/nominations/best-actor-male/amey-wagh|title=Amey Wagh - Best Actor in Leading Role Male Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards|website=filmfare.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>
* Winner [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor]] for [[Jaggu Ani Juliet]] ([[61st Maharashtra State Film Awards|2025]])
* Winner [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi]] for [[Faster Fene]].
* Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi]] for [[Jaggu Ani Juliet]].
* Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi]] for [[Girlfriend (2019 film)|Girlfriend]].
* Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi]] for Karkhanisanchi Vari.
* Nominated [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor]] for [[Faster Fene]].
* Nominated [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor]] for [[Girlfriend (2019 film)|Girlfriend]].

== Personal life ==
He was born in Pune, Maharashtra. He was in a relationship with Sajiri Deshpande for 13 years before eventually marrying her on 2 July 2017 at Shrutimangal, Pune.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-amey-wagh-celebrates-wife-sajiris-birthday-5897734-PHO.html|title=अमेय वाघ बायकोला म्हणाला, 'एक वाघ तुझ्यासाठी आयुष्यभर मांजर व्हायला तयार...'|date=19 June 2018|website=divyamarathi|language=mr|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
He, along with [[Sunil Barve]], donated the money from two shows of ''Amar Photo Studio'' to Chief Minister's Relief Fund in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/amey-wagh-and-sunil-barve-donate-for-maharashtra-cms-relief-fund/articleshow/65873235.cms|title=Amey Wagh and Sunil Barve donate for Maharashtra CM's Relief Fund - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>

== Media image ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Most Desirable Men of Maharashtra
! rowspan="2" | Sponsor
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | Rank
|-
! Film
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[The Times of India]], [[Maharashtra Times]]
|2017
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra's Most Desirable Men 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/times-poll-2017/pune-times-most-desirable-men|date=2018-03-06|access-date=2022-06-14|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra's Most Desirable Men 2018|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/times-poll-2018/pune-times-most-desirable-men|date=2019-01-23|access-date=2022-06-14|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|23
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Make way for Maharashtra’s Most Desirable men of 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/make-way-for-maharashtras-most-desirable-men-of-2019/articleshow/74402558.cms|date=2020-02-29|access-date=2022-06-14|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|20
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Make Way For The Most Desirable Men Of Maharashtra 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/make-way-for-the-most-desirable-men-of-maharashtra/etphotostory/83193350.cms|date=2021-06-03|access-date=2022-06-14|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|4512914}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wagh, Amey}}
[[Category:Male actors from Pune]]
[[Category:Marathi actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi television]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]

St. Mary's Church, Cheloor

2026-05-04T12:50:09Z

Manish Khouriwal: New initial info first draft

{{Short description|Church in Cheloor, Kerala, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = St. Mary's Church {{lang|hi|Cheloor – Edathirinji}} {{in lang|hi}}
| image = Cheloorchurch2011.jpg
| caption = Front View
| location = [[Irinjalakuda]]–[[Moonupeedika]] Road, [[Kerala, India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.3393|76.1832|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| district = [[Thrissur District]]
| established = AD 1880
| status = Parish
| leadership =
{{ubl
| Vicar Rev. Vincent Chalisserry
| Bishop Rev. Dr. [[Pauly Kannookadan]]
| Archbishop Rev. Dr. [[Andrews Thazheth]]
| Cardinal Most Rev. Dr. [[Varkey Vithayathil]]
| forane [[St. Thomas Cathedral, Irinjalakuda]]
}}
| governing_body = [[Thrissur Archdiocese]]
| website = [http://www.cheloorchurch.com]
}}

'''St. Mary's Church''' is a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar]] parish church in [[Cheloor]]/[[Edathirinji]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] (in diocesan records Mary Immaculate Church, [[Cheloor]]). The church is part of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda]].

== Overview ==
# Parish : Cheloor
# Forane : Irinjalakuda
# Patron : Mary Immaculate
# First Church : 1879
# Consecration of First Church : 1880
# Cemetery : 1915
# Parish Priest Home : 1917
# Consecration New Church : 22 December 1996
# Religious Houses : 2
# Priests : 1
# Male Religious : 2
# Female Religious : 10
# Catholic Population : 2800
# Catholic Families : 525
# Family Units : 18

=== Neighbour parishes ===
# St. Thomas Cathedral Irinjalakuda
# Our Lady of Dollars Irinjalakuda West (Thanisserry)
# St Antony's Church Paduva Nagar (Ikkarakunnu)
# [[St. Sebastian's Church, Chemmakkad|St Sebastian Church]] Edakkulam
# St Marys's Church Padiyoor
# St Joseph's Syrian Church Mathilakam
# St Joseph's Latin Church Mathilakam
# St Joseph's Church Kaipamangalam
# Our Lady of Carmel Church Aripalam

== Chapels ==
* Mary Immaculate Grotto (inside compound)
* Mary Immaculate Grotto (main road view)
# Fathima Matha Chapel, Kandeswaram
# St. George Chapel, near Church Road
# St. Antony's Chappel, [[Edathirinji]]
# [[St. Joseph Chapel, Americankettu North West]]
# Sacred Heart Chapel, [[Chelookavu]]
# St. Sebastian Chapel, [[Kattikulam]]
# St. Antony's Chapel, Edakulam Road
# St. Alphonsa Chapel, Pothany Road

== Governance ==
* Edavaka Prathinidhi Yogam
* Kudumbasammelana Kendra Samithi

== Kudumbasammelana units ==
# Little Flower
# St. Sebastian
# Dollars
# Lourd Matha
# St. John
# Holy Angels
# Don Bosco
# St. James
# St. Mathew
# St. Alphonsa
# Pavanathma
# [[St. Vincent De Paul]]
# St. Mary's
# St. George

==Catholic organisations ==
* C.L.C
* Altar Boys
* Gayaka Sangham (Choir)
* Catholic Youth Movement C.Y.M
* Catholic Movement
* [[Jesus Youth]]
* St. Vincent De Paul Society
* Franciscan Almaya Sabha
* Mathru Sangam
* Vanitha Commission

== Institutions ==
* St Mary's L.P. School Edathirinji: Lower Primary School under CMC Sisters. Here learning in both Malayalam and English medium in [[Kerala]] [[States of India|State]] [[Syllabus]]

== Religious houses in the parish ==
* Jayamatha Convent: [[Monastery]] of CMC Sisters
* Bethsaida Bhavan: Old aged home in the boundary of St Mary's Church Cheloor. [[Malabar Missionary Brothers]] (MMB) doing this job.

== Fathers, brothers and sisters from parish ==
# Fr. Joseph Cheruvathur
# Br.Paulose Arimbuparambil MMB
# Sr.Stephin CMC

== Former vicars ==
After New Church Building
# Fr.Joseph Maliyekal
# Dr. Antony Manjaly
# Fr.Raphel Puthenveettil
# Fr.Varghese Perinjeril V.C
# Fr. Johny Menachery
# Fr.Martin Payyappilly CMI (Acting)
# Dr. Joji Palamattah
# Fr. Joy Puthenveettil
# Fr.Benny Kizhakkeyil CST (Acting)
# Fr. Joby Kachappilly CMI (Acting)
# Fr.Dr. Davis Chenginiyadan

== References ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.cheloorchurch.com/ |title=Cheloor St Marrys Church – Site |publisher=cheloorchurch.com |access-date=2014-02-11}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.smccheloor.blogspot.com |title=Marian Voice |publisher=smccheloor.blogspot.com |access-date=2014-02-11}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.wikimapia.org/13382860/PARISH-HALL-st-mary-s-church-cheloor |title=PARISH HALL (st ' mary's church cheloor) |publisher=wikimapia.org |access-date=2014-02-11}}
* http://www.sahrdayatech.com/irdiocese/parishes.php?&thisrow=1
* {{cite web |url=http://www.catholicchurches.in/...churches/mary-immaculate-church-cheloor.htm |title=Mary Immaculate Church – Cheloor -Irinjalakuda Churches- catholic churches.in |publisher=catholicchurches.in |access-date=2014-02-11}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20100412112326/http://www.irinjalakudadiocese.com/parishes.htm
* {{cite web |url=http://www.churchesinindia.com/irinjalakuda_diocese_churches.html |title=Churches In Irinjalakuda Diocese, Syro Malabar Catholic Churches, Parishes Photos, Church, Churches In India |author=www.churchesinindia.com |publisher=churchesinindia.com |access-date=2014-02-11}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.catholicchurches.in/directory/.../mary-immaculate-church-cheloor.htm |title=Mary Immaculate Church – Cheloor -Irinjalakuda Churches- catholic churches.in |publisher=catholicchurches.in |access-date=2014-02-11}}

== External links ==
* http://stmaryschurchcheloor.ning.com/ Join Our Own Social Community Site

{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Churches of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mary's Church, Cheloor}}
[[Category:1880 establishments in India]]
[[Category:19th-century Eastern Catholic church buildings]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1880]]
[[Category:Churches in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic church buildings in Kerala]]
[[Category:Irinjalakuda]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings]]

Yeh Hai Mohabbatein

2026-05-04T03:35:03Z

Manish Khouriwal: New a article needs work

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ye Hai Mohabbatein Titlecard.png
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|romance]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Custody (novel)|Custody]]'' | [[Manju Kapur]]}}
| developer =
| writer = {{ubl|Sonali Jaffar|Ritu Bhatia|Ritu Goel|Muhammad Haris Siddiqui}}
| director = Partho Mitra Kumar Singh Neeraj Baliyan Abhishek Kumar R Pal
| creative_director = Raaga Arif
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Divyanka Tripathi]]
*[[Karan Patel]]
*[[Ruhanika Dhawan]]
*[[Aditi Bhatia]]
*[[Anita Hassanandani]]
}}
| opentheme = Pamela Jain
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 1,895
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ekta Kapoor]]
* [[Shobha Kapoor]]
}}
| editor = {{Plainlist|
* Vikas Sharma
* Vishal Sharma
}}
| cinematography = Maneesh Malik
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| budget =
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|12|03}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2019|12|18}}
| related = ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]''
}}

'''{{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hain Mohabatein}}''' ({{translation}} ''This Is Love'') is an Indian [[romance drama]] produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under [[Balaji Telefilms]], it starred [[Divyanka Tripathi|Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]], [[Karan Patel]], [[Ruhanika Dhawan]], and [[Aditi Bhatia]]. The story was initially based on [[Manju Kapur]]'s 2011 novel ''Custody'', with {{lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}} continuing beyond ''Custody's'' story in later episodes.

==Plot==
[[Tamils|Tamil]] dentist Ishita lyer and [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] businessman Raman Kumar Bhalla live in Delhi and are neighbours. Due to Ishita being [[infertile]], her mother struggles to find a groom for her while Raman is a divorcee. Ishita forms a motherly bond with Raman's daughter, Ruhi, who was abandoned by Raman's ex-wife, Shagun Arora when she left Raman for his wealthy boss, Ashok Khanna. Ishita and Raman hate each other, and their families get embroiled in quite a few misunderstandings about each other, cultural differences notwithstanding.

Eventually, Ishita and Raman marry to help Raman secure Ruhi's custody, calling it a marriage only on papers for Ruhi's sake. Going on later, Mihir Arora is revealed as Shagun's younger brother, but bonds with Raman as his real brother. He falls in love with Ishita's first cousin, Mihika. While Ashok and Shagun's wedding preps go on, Ashok falls in love with Mihika and a scandal gets created. Their intimate news gets leaked, leaving Mihir and Shagun heartbroken. Later, Mihika and Ashok get married, therein ditching Shagun.

With time, though going on and supporting each other in every matter, Raman and Ishita slowly fall in love with each other and consummate their marriage. Ishita grows up as the emotional and moral pillar of the Bhalla and Iyer families, helping and fighting in every situation like Trisha and Neel's Marriage, Mihir and Rinky's Wedding, Rinki's death, Simmi and Param's plot, Romi and Sarika's story, Sooraj's (Ashok's brother) rivalry etc.

Filled with hatred in her heart due to Ashok's betrayal, Shagun continues to create trouble for the couple throughout, but later mends her ways. She unites their son Aditya Bhalla, who was adopted by Ashok, with the Bhalla family and becomes the surrogate mother to Ishita and Raman's daughter, Pihu. Nidhi, a scheming lawyer who is obsessed with Raman, kidnaps Pihu. Ishita gives Ruhi to Nidhi to save her own daughter. They are presumed dead in an accident. Raman blames Ishita for the same and breaks ties with her. Guilt-ridden, Ishita attempts suicide and is presumed dead.

Ishita is alive and living in [[Australia]] with her childhood friend, Mani, and raising his niece Aliya, who is coincidentally working as a secretary for celebrity Ruhaan. Ruhaan is actually Ruhi, who is now an adult and lives with a torturous Nidhi under this new identity. Raman is raising his daughter Pihu, who exactly looks like young Ruhi, with Shagun and he hates Ishita for all the past incidents. Ishita finds out about Ruhaan being Ruhi and reunites with Raman. Shagun and Mani get married. Nidhi is arrested after her crimes are revealed and she killed Ishita’s elder sister. Aditya falls for Aliya, and they marry. Young Pihu, however, is unwilling to accept Ishita as her mother, having grown up with Raman and Shagun as her parents.

Shagun, Mani, Aliya, and Pihu are living in [[Bangkok]]. Raman keeps a close eye on them, while Ishita is in Dehli with Aditya and Ruhi and has become more focused on her work as a Dentist. Pihu finally meets Ishita and accepts her as her mother, and they return to India. Romi remarries Mihika and the Bhallas and Iyers are happy once again. The family seems completed but Pihu has an argument with her cousin, Ananya who loses her balance and falls down the stairs, and she dies. Ishita takes the blame to save Pihu and is arrested.

Raman's sister, Simmi and her husband Parameet Khurana, who sexually assaulted Ishita and Sarika and was Ashok and Sooraj's friend and Raman’s enemy in the past, torture Raman and Ishita for Ananya's death. Simmi makes Raman lose his memory and he forgets Ishita. He decides to marry Mihika who has divorced Romi but the truth is revealed later that Romi and Mihika never separated and Ishita used this as an opportunity to remarry Raman and make him regain his memory. Later on, Ishita is ultimately vindicated from Simmi and Parma’s conspiracies as Simmi reforms while Param goes to jail, and reconciles with Raman. Aditya begins to conspire against Raman and kidnaps Roshni who he was cheating on along with cheating Aliya. Ishita fatally shoots Aditya to save Roshni.

Eight months later, Ishita shelters a pregnant Roshni, who is carrying Aditya's child. She is kicked out of the house because the family blames her for the death of Aditya. Eventually, Raman forgives her and they reunite. Roshni later leaves to prevent more complicated situations for the family, which leaves them heartbroken. Mihika and Romi adopt Roshni and Aditya’s child, renamed Aditya. Ruhi falls in love with Karan, whose brother Rohan falls for the widowed Aliya. The two couples marry but Aliya and Ruhi found out the brothers only married them to get revenge on Raman, due to a past history with their mother Sudha, who wants revenge for her brother, Dr Rajat’s death. However, Rohan realises he has fallen for Aliya for real and so does Karan, a while after, with Ruhi. The Bhallas meet Aditya's lookalike, Yug and are shocked.

Aliya deludes herself into believing Yug is Adi and falls in love with him. Sudha reforms and accepts Ruhi and Aliya, forgetting her animosity against the family. Rohan dies in a bomb blast in order to save Raman. Drugged by a man named Arjit Saxena who had enmity against the family, Raman falls into a coma. Later, he fully recovers, returns, and reunites with his family, thanks to Ishita's love and care for him. Yug has a change of heart and he marries Aliya and the couple stays with the Bhallas as Raman and Ishita accept him as their son.

Karan and Ruhi prepare to marry, but Ruhi discovers that she is infertile, just like Ishita was in the past. Sudha plans to cancel the marriage, but later she accepts Ruhi after an accident opens her eyes. Ruhi and Karan marry and adopt a baby girl and all ends well. Ishita and Raman too, marry once again and on their reception, Preesha Srinivasan, a [[gynaecologist]], also Ishita's niece visits them, who is raising her nephew, Saransh alone. The rest of the story continues through Preesha under the banner ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]''.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Divyanka Tripathi|Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]] as Dr. Ishita Iyer Bhalla: Dentist; Madhavi and Vishwanathan's daughter; Vandita's sister; Mihika’s cousin;Raman's second wife; Pihu's mother; Aditya and Ruhi's step-mother; Jr.Aditya's step-grand mother (2013–2019)
* [[Karan Patel]] as Raman Kumar Bhalla: Businessman and [[CEO]] of Bhalla Group; Santoshi and Omprakash's son; Romesh, Simran and Rinky's brother; Shagun's former husband; Ishita's husband; Aditya, Ruhi and Pihu's father; Jr. Aditya's grand father (2013-2019)
* [[Aditi Bhatia]] as Ruhi Bhalla Srivatsav: Shagun and Raman's daughter; Ishita's step-daughter; Aditya's sister; Pihu's half-sister; Karan's wife; Jr. Aditya's elder aunt (2016-2019)
* [[Ruhanika Dhawan]] as
** Child Ruhi (2013–2016)
** Pihu Bhalla: Ishita and Raman's daughter; Aditya and Ruhi's half-sister; Jr. Aditya's step-aunt(2016–2019)
* [[Abhishek Verma (actor)|Abhishek Verma]] as
** Aditya "Adi" Bhalla: Shagun and Raman's son; Ishita's step- son; Ruhi's brother; Pihu's half-brother; Ashok's adoptive son; Aliya's 1st husband; Roshni's obsessive lover; Jr. Aditya's father (2016–2018)
*** Gautam Ahuja as young Aditya (2013–2016)
** Yug Sharma: Aditya's lookalike; Aliya's husband (2018–2019)

===Recurring===
* [[Anita Hassanandani]] as Shagun Arora Raghav (formerly Bhalla): Poornima's daughter; Mihir's sister; Raman's former wife; Aditya and Ruhi's mother; Aliya's adopted mother and mother-in-law; Abhimanyu's wife; Pihu's surrogate mother; Jr. Aditya's grand mother;(2013-2019)
* [[Sumeet Sachdev]] as Abhimanyu "Mani" Raghav: Shagun’s husband; Aliya and Nirvan's adopted father; Aditya and Ruhi's step-father; Jr. Aditya's step-grandfather(2014–2019)
* [[Krishna Mukherjee]] as Aliya Raghav Bhalla: Abhimanyu and Shagun's adopted daughter; Aditya’s widow and Rohan's former wife; Yug's wife; Ruhi's sister-in-law; Pihu's step-sister-in-law; Raman and Ishita daughter-in-law... Jr. Aditya's step-mother (2016–2019)
* Reyaansh Vir Chdha as Karan Srivastav: Sudha’s younger son; Rohan’s brother; Ruhi’s husband; Aditya's brother-in-law and Pihu's step-brother-in-law; Jr.Aditya's uncle(2018-2019)
* [[Mihika Verma]] / [[Avantika Hundal]] as Mihika Bhalla (formerly Khanna): Soumya's daughter; Madhavi and Vishwanathan 's niece; Ishita and Vandita's cousin; Ashok's ex-wife; Romesh's wife; Aditya,Ruhi,Pihu's aunt; Jr.Aditya's step-grandaunt and adopted mother (2013–2016) / (2016–2019)
* Sangram Singh as Ashok Khanna: Suraj's brother; Mihika's ex-husband; Shagun's ex-fiancé; Aditya's Adoptive Father; Ishita's and Raman's former Enemy (2013–2018)
* [[Shireen Mirza]] as Simran "Simmi" Bhalla: Omprakash and Santoshi's elder daughter; Raman, Romesh and Rinky's sister; Param's ex-wife; Ananya's mother; Aditya, Ruhi, Pihu's Aunt; Jr.Aditya's grandaunt (2013–2019)
* [[Aly Goni]] as Romesh "Romi" Bhalla: Omprakash and Santoshi's younger son; Sarika's ex-husband; Raman,Simran and Rinky's brother; Aditya,Ruhi,Pihu Jr.Aditya's granduncle and adopted father (2013–2019)
* [[Anurag Sharma (actor)|Anurag Sharma]] as Parmeet "Param" Khurana: Simran's ex-husband; Ananya's father; Aditya,Ruhi, Pihu's uncle; Jr. Aditya's granduncle(2013–2019)
* [[Vineet Raina]] / [[Raj Singh Arora]] as Mihir Arora: Poornima's son; Shagun's brother; Mihika's ex-fiancé; Rinki's widower; Aditya, Ruhi's uncle, Pihu's step-uncle; Jr.Aditya's granduncle (2013) / (2013–2016)
* [[Vineet Kumar Chaudhary]] as Suraj Kumar Khanna: Ashok's Brother; Mihika's ex-brother-in-law; Raman and Ishita's enemy; Vandita's obsessive lover(2014-2019)
* Abhay Bhargava as Vishwanathan Iyer: Madhavi's husband; Ishita and Vandita's father; Mihika's uncle; Pihu, Shravan and Kshitija's grand father; Ruhi and Aditya's step-grand father; Jr. Aditya's step-great-grandfather(2013–2019)
* [[Neena Kulkarni]] as Madhavi Iyer: Soumya's sister; Vishwanathan's wife; Ishita's mother; Mihika's Aunt; Pihu, Shravan and Kshitija's grand mother; Ruhi and Aditya's step-grand mother; Jr. Aditya's step-great-grandfather(2013–2019)
* Kaushal Kapoor as Omprakash Bhalla: Shaila's brother; Santhoshi's husband; Raman, Romesh, Simran and Rinky's father; Aditya, Ruhi, Pihu and Ananya's grandfather; Jr. Aditya's great-grand father (2013–2019)
* Shahnaz Rizwan / Usha Rana as Santoshi Bhalla: Omprakash's wife; Raman, Romesh, Simran and Rinky's nother; Aditya, Ruhi, Pihu and Ananya's grandmother; Jr. Aditya's great-grand mother (2013–2019)
* [[Shruti Bapna]] as Vandita "Vandu" Iyer Chandran: Madhavi and Vishwanathan's elder daughter; Bala's first wife; Shravan, Kshitija's mother; Aditya, Ruhi's step-aunt; Pihu's aunt; Jr. Aditya's step-grand aunt(2013–2017)
* Pankaj Bhatia as Bala Chandran: Devyani's elder son; Subramaniam's brother; Vandita's widower; Kiran's husband; Shravan, Kshitija's father; Aditya, Ruhi's step-uncle; Pihu's uncle; Jr. Aditya's step-grand uncle (2013–2019)
* Amita Yadav as Kiran Chandran: Bala's second wife; Shravan, Kshitija's step-mother; Aditya, Ruhi's and Pihu's step-aunt; Jr. Aditya's step-grand aunt (2017–2019)
* Mihir Arora as Shravan Chandran: Vandita and Bala's son; Kiran's step-son; Pihu's cousin; Aditya and Ruhi's step-cousin; (2016–2018)
** Bhavesh Jaiswal as child Shravan (2013–2016)
* Kavya Ramnani as Ananya Khurana: Simran and Parmeet's daughter; Aditya, Ruhi and Pihu's cousin; Jr. Aditya's Aunt (2016–2017)
* [[Resha Konkar]] as Rinky Bhalla Arora: Omprakash and Santoshi's younger daughter; Raman, Simran and Romesh's sister; Mihir's wife; Aditya,Ruhi,Pihu's Aunt; Jr.Aditya's grandaunt (2013–2015)
* [[Neel Motwani]] as Advocate Neel Pathak: Bhalla family's lawyer; Trisha's fiancé (2014–2016)
* [[Garima Jain]] as Trisha Tandon Pathak: Rajeev's sister; Mihir's ex-fiancée; Neel's wife (2014)
* Sarika Dhillon as Sarika Bhalla: Romesh's ex-wife; Abhishek's sister (2014–2016)
* [[Vivek Dahiya (actor)|Vivek Dahiya]] as Inspector Abhishek Singh: Sarika's brother; Divya's fiancé (2015–2017)
* Neeru Agarwal as Neelu: Bhalla family's maid (2013–2018)
* Sweety Walia as Pammi Mehra: Santosh's friend (2013–2018)
* Deep Jaitley as Prateek: Ishita's suitor (2013–2014)
* [[Yukti Kapoor]] as Mayura Dunavati: Ishita's colleague (2013)
* [[Shakti Arora]] as Ishita's suitor (2013)
* [[Arti Singh]] as Kriti: Ishita's college friend (2013)
* Gaurav Nanda as Rajeev Tandon: Trisha's brother; Raman's investor (2014–2015)
* Shivani Mahajan as Advocate Kaul (2014); Ishita hires her for her mother's accident case
* Arshima Thapar as Sanjana Arora: Mihir and Shagun's fake sister (2014)
* [[Bhanujeet Sudan]] / [[Amit Tandon]] as Subramaniam Chandran: Devayani's younger son; (2013–2015)
* Shahina Surve as Lakshmi Chandran: Subramaniam's first wife; Kartik's mother(2015)
*[[Karishma Sharma]] as Raina Singh: Bala's blackmailer (2014)
*Anjali Ujawane as Devyani Chandran: Bala and Subramaniam's mother; Ishita's mother-in-law, Shravan, Kshitija and Kartik's grandmother (2013–2017)
* Hargun Grover as Nikhil Malhotra: Rinki's former fiancé; Pammy's relative (2015)
* Priya Shinde as Dr. Anita: Ishita's psychiatrist (2015)
* [[Parveen Kaur (Indian actress)|Parveen Kaur]] as Aditi: a psychiatrist (2015)
* [[Kanisha Malhotra]] as ACP Shalini (2015)
* [[Asha Negi]] as Koyal Ghosh (2015)
* Niyati Joshi as Shaila Vanraj: Omprakash's sister; Neha's mother (2015)
* [[Gulki Joshi]] as Neha Vanraj: Raman's cousin; Shaila's daughter (2015)
* [[Anju Mahendru]] as Sujata Kumar: Lakshmi's mother (2015)
* Arishfa Khan as Vinni (2015)
* Ruchika Rajput as Vinni's mother (2015)
* [[Gopal Singh (actor)|Gopal Singh]] as Chand Mishra (2015)
* Abhilash Chaudhary as Mihika's friend (2015)
* [[Navina Bole]] as Dimple: Nikhil's sister (2015)
* [[Darshan Pandya]] as Prateek Sharma: Abhishek's friend (2015–2016)
* [[Manoj Chandila]] as Dr. Manoj Paul: Ishita's gynaecologist; Shagun's ex-fiancé (2015–2016)
* [[Swati Kapoor]] as Sanchi (2016)
* Avdeep Sidhu as Anil Nagpal: Raman's lawyer (2016)
* Lalit Bisht as Amarnath Chaddha: Pallavi's husband (2016)
* Garima Kapoor as Pallavi Amarnath Chaddha: Amarnath's wife (2016)
* [[Manish Khanna]] as Shyam Raichand (2016)
* Zareena Roshan Khan as Ismail's mother (2016)
* [[Kiran Bhargava]] as Shobhna Venkatesh: Upamanyu and Abhimanyu's mother; Aliya and Nirvaan's grandmother (2016–2017)
* [[Pavitra Punia]] as Nidhi Chhabra: Raman's ex-lover, Raman and Shagun's nemesis; Sohail's sister; Ruhi's kidnapper(2016–2017)
* [[Gaurav Wadhwa]] as Sohail Chhabra: Nidhi's brother; Ruhi's ex-lover (2016–2017)
* [[Sid Makkar]] as Vidyut: Raman and Shagun's friend (2016–2017)
* [[Deepak Wadhwa]] as Gaurav Bajaj: Simran's ex-lover (2016–2017)
* Anupama Solanki as Shweta: Raman's personal secretary (2016–2019)
* Benazir Shaikh as Divya: Abhishek's fiancé (2017)
* [[Ribbhu Mehra]] as Nikhil: Ruhi's former lover; Pooja's former husband; Riya's father (2017–2018)
* [[Vidisha (actress)|Vidisha]] as Roshni : Jr. Aditya's biological mother; (2017–2018)
* Gagan Anand as Gagan: Chandan's brother (2017)
* Hritu Dudhani as Pooja: Nikhil's former wife; Riya's mother (2017)
* Drishti Hemdev as Riya: Nikhil and Pooja's daughter; Pihu's friend (2017)
* [[Alefia Kapadia]] as Bhavna: Paranormal Expert (2018)
*Charu Mehra as Sonakshi Gupta/Aarushi Gupta (2018)
*Sharat Sonu as Keshav Kumar Dalmiya (2018)
*Ankit Bhatia as Sudha's lawyer (2018)
* Dinesh Mehta as Vijender (2018)
* Lankesh Bhardwaj as Police Inspector
* Varun Parashar as Dr. Rajat Srivastav: Sudha and Koko's brother (2018)
* [[Abhishek Malik]] as Rohan Srivastav: Sudha's elder son; Karan's brother; Aliya's second husband (2018–2019)
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Sudha Srivastav: Koko and Rajat's sister; Rohan and Karan's mother;Aliya's ex-mother-inlaw; Ruhi's mother-in-law (2018–2019)
* Ajay Kumar Nain as Sahil Shah: Muskaan's brother; Shaina's husband; Samar's father (2019)
* Hemaakshi Ujjain as Muskaan Shah: Sahil's sister (2019)
* Mithil Jain as Arjit Saxena: Neeti's father (2019)
* [[Chaitanya Choudhury]] as Shardul Sinha: Ishita's friend; Natasha's husband (2019)
* Sapna Thakur as Natasha: Sunny's sister; Shardul's wife (2019)
* Ansh Kukreja as Sunny: Natasha's brother (2019)
* Anuja Walhe as Dr. Sunita (2019)
* Unknown as Mr. Kakkar; owner of Kakkar Jewellers and Bhalla family's jeweller (2013–2019)

===Guest appearances===
* [[Hina Khan]] as Akshara Maheshwari Singhania from ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' (2014)
* [[Karan Mehra]] as Naitik Singhania from ''Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'' (2014)
* [[Shraddha Kapoor]] and [[Sidharth Malhotra]] to promote ''[[Ek Villain]]'' (2014) (special appearance)
* [[Digangana Suryavanshi]] as Veera Kaur Singh from ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]'' (2014)
* [[Vishal Vashishtha]] as Baldev Singh from ''Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera'' (2014)
* [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Arjun Kapoor]] to promote ''[[Finding Fanny]]'' (2014)
* [[Avinash Sachdev]] as Shlok Agnihotri from ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]'' (2015)
* [[Shrenu Parikh]] as Aastha Kirloskar Agnihotri from ''Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir'' (2015)
* [[Sameer Sharma]] as Varad Agnihotri from ''Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir'' (2015)
* [[Shalmalee Desai]] as Sojal Agnihotri from ''Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir'' (2015)
* [[Grace Girdhar]] as Child Kavya Agnihotri from ''Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir'' (2015)
* [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] as Abhishek (Abhi) Prem Mehra from ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' (2015)
* [[Sriti Jha]] as Pragya Arora Mehra from ''Kumkum Bhagya'' (2015)
*[[Salman Khan]] to promote ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' (2015)<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/salman-khan-shakes-a-leg-on-ye-hai-mohabbatein/ Salman Khan shakes a leg on 'Ye Hai Mohabbatein'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426031902/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/salman-khan-shakes-a-leg-on-ye-hai-mohabbatein/ |date=26 April 2023 }}. ''[[Indo-Asian News Service]]''. 8 Juli 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2016.</ref>
* [[Namit Das]] as Sumit to promote ''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]'' (2015)
* [[Manasi Parekh]] as Maya to promote ''Sumit Sambhal Lega'' (2015)
* [[Tushar Kapoor]] and [[Aftab Shivdasani]] to promote ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]'' (2016)
* [[Emraan Hashmi]] to promote ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' (2016)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-emraan-hashmi-promote-azhar-actor-shoots-team-677521|title='Yeh Hai Mohabbatein:' Emraan Hashmi to promote 'Azhar;' actor shoots with the team|author=Ankita Mehta|date=5 May 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=20 May 2016|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424205552/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-emraan-hashmi-promote-azhar-actor-shoots-team-677521|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kunal Jaisingh]] as Omkara Singh Oberoi from ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'' (2016)
* [[Nakuul Mehta]] as Shivaay Singh Oberoi from ''Ishqbaaaz'' (2016)
*[[Leenesh Mattoo]] as Rudra Singh Oberoi from ''Ishqbaaaz'' (2016)
* [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Anushka Sharma]] to promote ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' (2016)
* [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] as Gopi Kapadia Modi from ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' (2016)
* [[Mohammad Nazim]] as Ahem Modi from ''Saath Nibhaana Saathiya'' (2016)
*[[Deepika Singh Goyal]] as Sandhya Kothari Rathi from ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' (2016)
*[[Anas Rashid]] as Sooraj Rathi from ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' (2016)
* [[Drashti Dhami]] and [[Alka Amin]] to promote ''[[Pardes Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'' (2016)
* [[Arjun Bijlani]] from ''Pardes Mein Hai Meraa Dil'' (2016)
* [[Karam Rajpal]] as Shivam Srivastav from ''[[Mere Angne Mein]]'' (2016)
* [[Ekta Kaul]] as Riya Srivastav from ''Mere Angne Mein'' (2016)
* [[Arjun Kapoor]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]] to promote ''[[Half Girlfriend]]'' (2017)
* [[Barun Sobti]] to promote ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3]]''
* [[Mahima Makwana]] to promote ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/when-iss-pyaar-ko-kya-naam-doons-barun-sobti-met-divyanka-tripathi-and-karan-patel-lifetv/1/992424.html|title=When Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon's Barun Sobti met Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel|date=2 July 2017 |access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702193146/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/when-iss-pyaar-ko-kya-naam-doons-barun-sobti-met-divyanka-tripathi-and-karan-patel-lifetv/1/992424.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Supriya Pathak]] to promote ''[[Khichdi (2018 TV series)|Khichdi Returns]]'' (2018)
* [[Rani Mukerji]] to promote the movie ''[[Hichki]]'' (2018)
* [[Mohit Sehgal]] as Himself (2018)
* RJ Alok as Radio Jockey (2019)
* [[Sargun Kaur Luthra]] as Dr. Preesha Srinivasan to promote ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]'' (2019)
* [[Dipika Kakar Ibrahim]] as Sonakshi Rastogi from ''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]'' (2019)

==Production==
===Development and premiere===
[[File:Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel at the launch of Star Plus' serial 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein'.jpg|thumb|Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya, Karan Patel and Ruhanika Dhawan as Raman, Ishita, and Ruhi during the launch of Yeh Hai Mohabbatein|alt=]]
Kapoor said, "I created Divyanka's character as a dentist in '{{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein|italic=no}}', as I was having a lot of tooth trouble those days. My dentist sorted my problems a lot, so I brought that character alive"<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP of my shows suffered every time Sachin Tendulkar played|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/trp-of-my-shows-suffered-every-time-sachin-tendulkar-played-951659-2017-06-28|website=India Today|date=28 June 2017 |access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729112908/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/trp-of-my-shows-suffered-every-time-sachin-tendulkar-played-951659-2017-06-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

The show was initially titled ''Custody'' as it was based on [[Manju Kapur]]'s 2011 novel ''[[Custody (novel)|Custody]]''.<ref name=custody>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Ektas-next-based-on-popular-novel-Custody/articleshow/17887732.cms |title=Ekta's next based on the popular novel 'Custody'? – The Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 January 2013 |access-date=1 November 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228123822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Ektas-next-based-on-popular-novel-Custody/articleshow/17887732.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It was renamed to ''Mera Tera Rishta Purana'' before again being changed to {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}}.<ref name="name">{{cite web|title=Not happy with the name, Ekta Kapoor changes show title thrice|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Not-happy-with-name-Ekta-Kapoor-changes-show-title-thrice/articleshow/26155368.cms|last=Maheshwri|first=Neha|date=22 November 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321173544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Not-happy-with-name-Ekta-Kapoor-changes-show-title-thrice/articleshow/26155368.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The production began about a year before its premiere, but the launch was delayed due to creative differences and desired time slots being unavailable.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekta's next based on popular novel 'Custody'?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ektas-next-based-on-popular-novel-custody/articleshow/17887732.cms|website=The Times of India|date=4 January 2013|access-date=19 March 2021|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605092819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ektas-next-based-on-popular-novel-custody/articleshow/17887732.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2019, [[Ekta Kapoor]] revealed, "When I started {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein|italic=no}}, I remember going to Gaurav Banerjee from Star Plus and asking him for a non-prime time slot because I wanted to do a show on a social issue. I had stopped watching much television and I wanted to make YHM without the trappings of a [[Audience measurement|TRP]] driven show. A show about a woman who cannot have children, a stepmother who according to Indian terms is considered bad! Words in India like barren and evil stepmother got used so often and labelled women in the worst poss way. This show got so much love that it went on for six years. And from a non-prime time slot to a prime-time slot."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ekta-kapoor-bids-adieu-to-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-introduces-ishimas-niece-in-spin-off-yeh-hai-chahtein/articleshow/72271952.cms|title=Ekta Kapoor bids adieu to Yeh Hai Mohabbatein; introduces Ishima's niece in spin-off Yeh Hai Chahtein|website=Times Of India|date=28 November 2019|access-date=28 November 2019|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718082856/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ekta-kapoor-bids-adieu-to-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-introduces-ishimas-niece-in-spin-off-yeh-hai-chahtein/articleshow/72271952.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2014, [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Arjun Kapoor]] were to promote their film [[Finding Fanny]], which also starred the {{lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}} lead Tripathi Dahiya and Patel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Television's Top Controversies of 2014|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/televisions-top-controversies-of-2014/20150101.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=7 July 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707183002/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/televisions-top-controversies-of-2014/20150101.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Patel was unable to make the shooting, and so the script was changed in his absence at the last minute, as Deepika and Arjun could not reschedule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karan Patel bans media on the set of Ye Hain Mohabbatein; Divyanka Tripathi stands for media|url=https://mdaily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-karan-patel-bans-media-on-the-set-of-ye-hain-mohabbatein-co-star-divyanka-tripat-4743988-NOR.html|website=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=7 July 2020|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711183548/https://mdaily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-karan-patel-bans-media-on-the-set-of-ye-hain-mohabbatein-co-star-divyanka-tripat-4743988-NOR.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 11 May 2016, during filming of the wedding sequence of characters Romi and Mihika, the shoot was stalled owing to a fight between the production house and workers union.<ref>{{Cite web|title=When 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' shoot was stalled|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/when-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-shoot-was-stalled-678602|website=International Business Times|date=13 May 2016|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729114357/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/when-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-shoot-was-stalled-678602|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 July 2018, the shoot was stalled for a while during [[bandh]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mumbai bandh: Yeh Hai Mohabbatein shooting stalled midway|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/mumbai-bandh-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-shooting-stalled-midway-1295943-2018-07-25|website=India Today|date=25 July 2018 |access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103732/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/mumbai-bandh-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-shooting-stalled-midway-1295943-2018-07-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Casting===

[[Divyanka Tripathi|Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]] was selected by Kapoor to play Ishita Iyer Bhalla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Money is important but not at the cost of my dignity|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-money-is-important-but-not-at-the-cost-of-my-dignity/20131126.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103613/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-money-is-important-but-not-at-the-cost-of-my-dignity/20131126.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cezanne Khan]] was first approached to play Raman Bhalla opposite Tripathi Dahiya but was replaced by [[Karan Patel]].<ref name="cast1">{{cite web|title=After male lead, Ekta replaces dog in her show!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/After-male-lead-Ekta-replaces-dog-in-her-show/articleshow/26530286.cms|last=Trivedi|first=Tanvi|date=29 November 2013|publisher=ETimes|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322073907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/After-male-lead-Ekta-replaces-dog-in-her-show/articleshow/26530286.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Child actor [[Ruhanika Dhawan]] was chosen to play Ruhi Bhalla.<ref name="first">{{cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=3 December 2013 |title=Ekta's latest show |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1131203/jsp/t2/story_17635586.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016001953/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131203/jsp/t2/story_17635586.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=2018-08-28 |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> [[Sayantani Ghosh]] was initially considered but [[Anita Hassanandani]] was selected to play Shagun Arora.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2013|title=Sayantani Ghosh approached for Balaji's Custody|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Sayantani-Ghosh-approached-for-Balajis-Custody/articleshow/18382966.cms?referral=PM|website=The Times of India|access-date=23 May 2018|archive-date=20 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520055851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Sayantani-Ghosh-approached-for-Balajis-Custody/articleshow/18382966.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> Other cast members then chosen were [[Aly Goni]], [[Mihika Verma]], [[Shruti Bapna]], [[Neena Kulkarni]], Shahnaz Rizwan, Kaushal Kapoor, Abhay Bhargava and Gautam Ahuja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Plus, Ekta Kapoor to Create Magic with Yeh Hai Mohabbatein|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k13/nov/nov127.php?amp|website=Indian Television dot com|date=22 November 2013 |access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809121909/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k13/nov/nov127.php?amp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-ends-tonight-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-6174825/|title=As Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ends tonight, let's look back at Divyanka Tripathi-Karan Patel's popular show|website=The Indian Express|date=19 December 2019|access-date=23 December 2019|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150426/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-ends-tonight-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-6174825/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2018, Charu Mehra was supposed to join the series during the filming in London, however, she was unable to due to visa issues.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charu Mehra Missed Opportunity Of Working In Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's London Shoot|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/charu-mehra-missed-opportunity-of-working-in-yeh-hai-mohabbateins-london-shoot/19219177|website=Mid Day|date=20 March 2018|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729115045/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/charu-mehra-missed-opportunity-of-working-in-yeh-hai-mohabbateins-london-shoot/19219177|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[File:Vidisha Srivastava.gif|thumb|right|[[Bhangra (dance)]] with [[Vidisha (actress)|Vidisha Srivastava]] at 1500 Episode Celebration]]

Based on the backdrop of [[Delhi]], the series is mainly filmed in [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The leading lights of the small screen|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/ucweb/article.php?autono=45219|website=[[Forbes India]]|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729140423/https://www.forbesindia.com/ucweb/article.php?autono=45219|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Divyanka Tripathi enjoys adventurous shoot for 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/divyanka-tripathi-enjoys-adventurous-shoot-for-yeh-hai-mohabbatein/|website=The Indian Express|date=10 December 2015|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103820/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/divyanka-tripathi-enjoys-adventurous-shoot-for-yeh-hai-mohabbatein/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some sequences were filmed abroad, including in [[Adelaide]], [[Budapest]] and [[London]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/divyanka-tripathi-and-yeh-hai-mohabbateins-team-all-set-to-have-a-gala-time-in-budapest-1766594|title=Divyanka Tripathi And Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Team All Set To Have A Gala Time In Budapest|date=8 November 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=26 October 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425170359/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/divyanka-tripathi-and-yeh-hai-mohabbateins-team-all-set-to-have-a-gala-time-in-budapest-1766594|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Spin-off==
{{main|Yeh Hai Chahatein}}
''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]'' premiered on 19 December 2019, replacing {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}}. It focuses on Ishita's niece Preesha Khurana ([[Sargun Kaur Luthra]]) opposite [[Abrar Qazi]] as Rudraksh Khurana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/yeh-hai-chahatein-promo-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-introduce-prisha-from-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-spin-off/520193|title=Yeh Hai Chahatein promo: Divyanka Tripathi, Karan Patel introduce Prisha from Yeh Hai Mohabbatein spin-off|website=Times Now News|date=27 November 2019|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618173700/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/yeh-hai-chahatein-promo-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-introduce-prisha-from-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-spin-off/520193|url-status=live}}</ref>

The story revolves around a famous rockstar, Rudraksh Khurana, and a [[Gynaecology|gynaecologist]], Dr Preesha Srinivasan who fall in love after raising their respective siblings' son together.

==Awards and nominations==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2021}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Result
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2014
| rowspan="3" | [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)
| [[Divyanka Tripathi|Divyanka T Dahiya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boroplusgoldawards.weebly.com/2014.html|title=Winners List: 7th Boroplus Gold Awards, 2017|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025184406/https://boroplusgoldawards.weebly.com/2014.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress In Negative Role (Popular)
| [[Anita Hassanandani|Anita H Reddy]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Most Popular Child Artiste (Female)
| [[Ruhanika Dhawan]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/13th-indian-telly-awards-2014-winners-list-gautam-jennifer-harshad-preetika-karan-div-158938.html|title=13th Indian Telly Awards 2014 – Winners List; Harshad, Preetika, Karan, Divyanka Shine Bright!|date=10 September 2014|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425170359/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/13th-indian-telly-awards-2014-winners-list-gautam-jennifer-harshad-preetika-karan-div-158938.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Most Popular Actress In A Lead Role
| [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Most Popular Actor In A Lead Role
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Most Popular Onscreen Couple
| rowspan=2|[[Karan Patel]] and [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| GR8! Onscreen Couple Of The Year
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Big Star Entertainment Awards]]
| Most Entertaining Actress In Lead Role
|[[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-divyanka-tripathi-wins-big-star-entertainment-award-2014-168165.html|title=Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Divyanka Tripathi Wins Big Star Entertainment Award 2014!|date=19 December 2014|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426153629/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-divyanka-tripathi-wins-big-star-entertainment-award-2014-168165.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="15" |2015
| rowspan="7" | [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>Sarkar, Prarthna. [http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2015-highlights-complete-winners-list-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-bags-most-honours-636621#dAy8hTD0mY1K54s3.97 "Zee Gold Awards 2015 Highlights, Complete Winners' List: 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' Bags Most Honours; Karan-Divyanka's Romance Steals the Show"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014090808/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2015-highlights-complete-winners-list-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-bags-most-honours-636621#dAy8hTD0mY1K54s3.97 |date=14 October 2015 }}. ''International Business Times-India Edition''. Retrieved 25 October 2016</ref>
|-
| Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)
|[[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actress In Negative Role (Popular)
| [[Anita Hassanandani Reddy]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor In Negative Role (Popular)
| rowspan=2|Sangram Singh
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor In Negative Role (Critics)
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor In Supporting Role (Popular)
| [[Raj Singh Arora]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Gold Award for Best Television Show (Fiction)|Best TV Show of the Year (Fiction)]]
| [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Best Actor In Lead Role
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indian-Telly-Awards-2015-Karan-Patel-Kapil-Sharma-winners/articleshow/49977970.cms "Indian Telly Awards 2015: Karan Patel, Kapil Sharma winners -"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317141832/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indian-Telly-Awards-2015-Karan-Patel-Kapil-Sharma-winners/articleshow/49977970.cms |date=17 March 2016 }}. ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 23 October 2016.</ref>
|-
| Best Actress In Lead Role
| [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Onscreen Jodi (Popular)
| [[Karan Patel]] & [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2015-karan-patel-sriti-jhan-kapil-sharma-winners/ "Indian Telly Awards 2015: Karan Patel, Sriti Jha, Kapil Sharma winners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324185933/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2015-karan-patel-sriti-jhan-kapil-sharma-winners/ |date=24 March 2016 }}. ''The Indian Express''. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2016.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Romantic Actor (Male)
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/television/whats-hot/story/ita-awards-2015-karan-patel-anita-hassanandani-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-radhika-madan-meri-aashiqui-tumse-hi-win-big-261571-2015-09-07 "ITA Awards 2015: Karan Patel bags Best Romantic Actor trophy; list of winners"] . ''India Today''. Retrieved 23 October 2016.</ref>
|-
| Best Actor In Negative Role (Female)
| [[Anita Hassanandani Reddy]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Asian Viewers Television Awards]]
| Male Actor of the Year
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Female Actor of the Year
| [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/asian-viewers%EF%BF%BD%DB%AA-television-awards-2015-results/ |title=Gautam Rode, Divyanka Tripathi, Ye Hai Mohabbatein wins top honours at Asian Viewers Television Awards, 2015 |work=BizAsiaLive |date=3 October 2015 |access-date=9 April 2019 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102054601/https://www.bizasialive.com/asian-viewers%ef%bf%bd%db%aa-television-awards-2015-results/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Soap of the Year
| [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2016
| rowspan="6" | [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actor (Popular)
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2016-divyanka-karan-mouni-others-walk-away-trophies-check-out-winners-list-682167#ZPjJ4yllyeGqD8uv.97 "Zee Gold Awards 2016: Divyanka, Karan, Mouni and others walk away with trophies; check out winners' list"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820110105/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2016-divyanka-karan-mouni-others-walk-away-trophies-check-out-winners-list-682167#ZPjJ4yllyeGqD8uv.97 |date=20 August 2016 }}. ''International Business Times-India Edition''. Retrieved 25 October 2016.</ref>
|-
| Best Actress (Popular)
| [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor In Supporting Role (Male)
| [[Raj Singh Arora]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actress In A Negative Role
| [[Anita Hassanandani Reddy]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor In A Negative Role
| Sangram Singh
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Onscreen Jodi
| [[Karan Patel]] and [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Asian Viewers Television Awards]]
| Female Actor of the Year
| [[Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2017
| rowspan="6" | [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)
| [[Karan Patel]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2017/zee-gold-awards-2017-divyanka-tripathi-nakuul-mehta-karan-patel-others-share-pics-with-awards-264705.html|title=Zee Gold Awards 2017: Divyanka Tripathi, Nakuul Mehta, Karan Patel & Others Share Pics With Awards|date=5 July 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424205552/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2017/zee-gold-awards-2017-divyanka-tripathi-nakuul-mehta-karan-patel-others-share-pics-with-awards-264705.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/zee-gold-awards-2017-mouni-roy-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-win-big-heres-the-winner-list-4736196/|title=Zee Gold Awards 2017: Mouni Roy, Divyanka Tripathi, Karan Patel win big. Here's the winner list|date=5 July 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-date=20 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020131231/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/zee-gold-awards-2017-mouni-roy-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-win-big-heres-the-winner-list-4736196/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)
| [[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actress In Negative Role (Popular)
| [[Anita Hassanandani]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor In Supporting Role
| [[Raj Singh Arora]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actress In A Supporting Role
| [[Aditi Bhatia]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor In A Negative Role
| Sangram Singh
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=6|2018
|rowspan=5|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)
|[[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)
|[[Karan Patel]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Show (Popular)
|[[Ekta Kapoor]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Onscreen Jodi
|[[Karan Patel]] and [[Divyanka Tripathi|Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Gold Producer's Honour
| [[Ekta Kapoor]]
|{{won}}
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Actress (Jury)
| rowspan="3" |[[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| {{won}}<ref>[https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2018/ita-2018-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-surbhi-chandna-harshad-chopra-sunil-grover-others-bag-awards/articlecontent-pf273007-280383.html ITA 2018 Winners List: Divyanka Tripathi, Surbhi Chandna, Harshad Chopra & Others Bag Awards!]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" |2019
| rowspan="6" | [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Best Actress in Lead Role (Jury)
| {{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/ |title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Complete list of winners |date=21 March 2019 |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401071120/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor In Lead Role Female (Popular)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor In Lead Role Male (Popular)
|[[Karan Patel]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Jodi
|[[Divyanka Tripathi]] & [[Karan Patel]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor In Supporting Role Male (Popular)
|Abhishek Verma
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor In Supporting Role Female (Popular)
|[[Aditi Bhatia]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=5|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Actress In Lead Role (Popular)
|[[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor In Lead Role (Popular)
|[[Karan Patel]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Show (Popular)
|[[Ekta Kapoor]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Onscreen Jodi
|[[Karan Patel]] and [[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actress In Supporting Role
| [[Anita Hassanandani]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==Reception==
Despite first airing in the late night slot 11:00pm ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}} received better ratings than expected and ranked as the fourth most popular show on [[StarPlus|Star Plus]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/star-plus-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-gets-dual-time-slot-140920|title=Star Plus Yeh Hai Mohabbatein gets dual time slot|website=Indian Television|date=20 September 2014|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603195201/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/star-plus-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-gets-dual-time-slot-140920|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, it was moved to the 7:30pm slot replacing ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]''. Star Plus SVP marketing Nikhil Madhok stated that the move was made after audiences' feedback that a section of viewers found the 11:00pm slot too late. He further explained, "This was a show where repeat viewing the next day or viewing on online digital medium is very high. So the dual airing will not only help the existing viewers who love the show to watch it twice but also add a whole new set of viewers".<ref name=":0" />

The ratings of the show saw a dip after the time jump when the writers refused to move away from the custody battles between Raman Ishita and Shagun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/trp-ratings-naagin-remains-unbeatable-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-beats-kumkum-bhagya-662433|title=TRP ratings: Naagin remains unbeatable; Yeh Hai Mohabbatein beats Kumkum Bhagya|last=Parismita Goswami|date=8 January 2016|work=International Business Times|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000621/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/trp-ratings-naagin-remains-unbeatable-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-beats-kumkum-bhagya-662433|url-status=live}}</ref> The show remained popular in the UK, being the most-watched Indian show there.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/overnights-yhm-keeps-star-plus-high-saturday/|title=Overnights: 'YHM' keeps Star Plus high on Saturday|date=3 September 2017|work=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|access-date=26 October 2017|language=en-GB|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426005725/https://www.bizasialive.com/overnights-yhm-keeps-star-plus-high-saturday/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/uk-ratings-yhm-remains-top-show-weekly-chart/|title=UK Ratings: 'YHM' remains top show in weekly chart|date=23 October 2017|work=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|access-date=26 October 2017|language=en-GB|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424205555/https://www.bizasialive.com/uk-ratings-yhm-remains-top-show-weekly-chart/|url-status=live}}</ref> The climax of the arc involving Ruhi and Nikhil, leading to Ananya's death, brought a sudden spike in the ratings in the first week of November 2017 (week 44) and the series secured a place amongst the Top 10 shows after almost a year off this ranking.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/divyanka-tripathis-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-beats-naamkarann-ishqbaaz-to-win-back-its-spot-in-top-10-shows-heres-how/|title=Divyanka Tripathi's Yeh Hai Mohabbatein beats Naamkarann, Ishqbaaz to win back its spot in Top 10 shows – here's how!|last=Banerjee|first=Urmimala|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916223123/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/divyanka-tripathis-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-beats-naamkarann-ishqbaaz-to-win-back-its-spot-in-top-10-shows-heres-how/|url-status=live}}</ref> With the Budapest arc and the focus back on the main leads, the show reached the Top 5 in the second week of November 2017 (week 45).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/yeh-hai-mohabbateins-ratings-take-a-dramatic-leap-raman-ishita-fall-in-love-again-lifetv-1088688-2017-11-17|title=Yeh Hai Mohabbateins ratings take a dramatic leap as Raman-Ishita fall in love again|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223020408/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/yeh-hai-mohabbateins-ratings-take-a-dramatic-leap-raman-ishita-fall-in-love-again-lifetv/1/1091718.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsnation.in/photos/entertainment/barc-trp-ratings-week-45-kundali-bhagya-kumkum-bhagya-bigg-boss-11-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-top-ten-shows-2669/slide1#ph-26695|title=BARC TRP ratings week 45: Kundali Bhagya continues to lead, Bigg Boss 11 out of top ten – News Nation|date=16 November 2017|work=www.newsnation.in|access-date=20 November 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502172253/http://www.newsnation.in/photos/entertainment/barc-trp-ratings-week-45-kundali-bhagya-kumkum-bhagya-bigg-boss-11-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-top-ten-shows-2669/slide1#ph-26695|url-status=live}}</ref> In week 46 of the year 2017, the show further climbed to the fourth spot on the TRP chart, thus becoming the most-watched show on StarPlus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2017/11/gec-watch-zee-tv-leads-in-u-r-colors-continue-its-lead-in-urban/|title=GEC Watch: Zee TV leads in U+R; Colors continue its lead in urban|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530113740/https://bestmediainfo.com/2017/11/gec-watch-zee-tv-leads-in-u-r-colors-continue-its-lead-in-urban|url-status=live}}</ref> In week 47 of the year 2017, the show remained at {{abbr|No.|number}} 4 on the TRP charts and continued to be the most-watched show on [[StarPlus]]. The show continued to do well maintaining its No. 1 position on StarPlus in the following weeks. In week 51 of 2017, {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hai Mohabbatein}} emerged as the most-watched show across all Hindi GECs. (General Entertainment Channels)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-hain-mohabbatein-tops-the-trp-charts-thanks-to-lead-divyankas-reel-death-drama/articleshow/62298556.cms|title=Yeh Hain Mohabbatein tops the TRP charts thanks to lead actress Divyanka's reel death drama|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506110410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-hain-mohabbatein-tops-the-trp-charts-thanks-to-lead-divyankas-reel-death-drama/articleshow/62298556.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In week 8 of the year 2018, the show remained at {{abbr|No.|number}} 3 on the TRP charts and continued to be the most-watched show on STAR Plus.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 March 2018|title=Most watched Indian television shows: Yeh Hai Mohabbatein soars up the BARC list in week 8|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-soars-up-the-barc-list-in-week-8-5083794/|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426153622/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-soars-up-the-barc-list-in-week-8-5083794/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, the show was shifted to 10:30 p.m. from 7:30 p.m. which led to a fall in TRPs. Roshni's baby arc was received poorly by fans, which led to a further downfall in TRPs. StarPlus intervened, asking the producer, [[Ekta Kapoor]], to change the storyline of the show while also giving it a 6-month deadline to increase the ratings. Ishita's fake death drama to expose Param led to the show re-entering the top 20 shows in week 31 of the year 2018 occupying 18th place with 3889 million viewership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/barc-india-ratings-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-top-3-dil-hai-hindustani-2-enters-the|title=BARC India Ratings: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai in top 3; Dil Hai Hindustani 2 enters the charts!|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426153620/https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/barc-india-ratings-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-top-3-dil-hai-hindustani-2-enters-the|url-status=live}}</ref> After the change in show timings to late night TRPs have dropped ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 mostly but had been the slot leader since then. After being unable to pull up the TRP and lack of constructive story, the show went off air on 18 December 2019, giving space to the {{Lang|hi-latn|Yeh Hain Mohabatein}} spin-off called ''Yeh Hain Chahatein''.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Language
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Title
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Original release
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Network(s)
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Last aired
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Notes
!style="background:#F6B000;" |Ref.
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''Yeh Hai Mohabbatein'' ये है मोहब्बतें
|3 December 2013
|[[StarPlus]]
|19 December 2019
|Original
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-19 |title=As Yeh Hai Mohabbatein ends tonight, let's look back at Divyanka Tripathi-Karan Patel's popular show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-ends-tonight-divyanka-tripathi-karan-patel-6174825/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Avanu Mathe Shravani'' ಅವನು ಮತ್ತೆ ಶ್ರಾವಣಿ
|16 June 2014
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|30 June 2017
|rowspan="9"|Remake
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-07 |title=Here's what Manasi Salvi has to say about her track in Ghum Hai Kisike Pyaar Mein being inspired by Yeh Hai Mohabbatein|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heres-what-manasi-salvi-has-to-say-about-her-track-in-ghum-hai-kisike-pyaar-mein-being-inspired-by-yeh-hai-mohabbatein/articleshow/111555458.cms |access-date=2025-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Kalyanam Mudhal Kadhal Varai]]'' கல்யாணம் முதல் காதல் வரை
|3 November 2014
|[[Star Vijay]]
|27 January 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-25 |title=Yeh Hai Mohabbatein to speak Tamil on Vijay TV as "Kalyanam Mudhal Kadhal Varai" {{!}} MediaNews4U |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-to-speak-tamil-on-vijay-tv-as-kalyanam-mudhal-kadhal-varai/ |access-date=2024-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Mon Niye Kachakachi]]'' মন নিয়ে কাছকাছি
|12 January 2015
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|19 September 2015
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-04 |title=Asianet to launch Ezhu Rathrikal and Pranayam, the Malayalam version of Ye Hai Mohabbattein |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/asianet-to-launch-ezhu-rathrikal-and-pranayam-the-malayalam-version-of-ye-hai-mohabbattein/ |access-date=2024-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Pranayam (TV series)|Pranayam]]'' പ്രണയം
|6 July 2015
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|28 April 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-28 |title=The Remake Saga |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/Mar/28/the-remake-saga-916982.html |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-23 |title='Acting is a passion' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/interview-with-actress-divya-nair-who-plays-lead-in-the-serial-pranayam/article17579634.ece |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''[[Nakalat Saare Ghadle]]'' नकळत सारे घडले
|27 November 2017
|[[Star Pravah]]
|17 May 2019
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-19 |title=Nakalat Saare Ghadle completes 200 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/nakalat-saare-ghadle-completes-200-episodes/articleshow/65059496.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''[[Ennenno Janmala Bandham]]'' ఎన్నెన్నో జన్మల బంధం
|18 October 2021
|[[Star Maa]]
|1 September 2023
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-29 |title=Suresh Palakurthi makes a mark as a director with Telugu serials |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/suresh-palakurthi-on-his-telugu-television-journey/article65359695.ece |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Modhalum Kaadhalum]]'' மோதலும் காதலும்
|24 April 2023
|[[Star Vijay]]
|21 June 2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-13 |title=New TV serial 'Mothalum Kaadhalum' to launch soon; deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-mothalum-kaadhalum-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/99454845.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''[[Premachi Gosht]]'' प्रेमाची गोष्ट
|4 September 2023
|[[Star Pravah]]
|5 July 2025
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-29 |title=Tejashri Pradhan's new show Premachi Goshta to launch soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tejashri-pradhans-new-show-premachi-goshta-to-launch-soon/articleshow/102234010.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Ishtam Mathram]]'' ഇഷ്ടം മാത്രം
|26 August 2024
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|Ongoing
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-07 |title=Here's what Manasi Salvi has to say about her track in Ghum Hai Kisike Pyaar Mein being inspired by Yeh Hai Mohabbatein |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heres-what-manasi-salvi-has-to-say-about-her-track-in-ghum-hai-kisike-pyaar-mein-being-inspired-by-yeh-hai-mohabbatein/articleshow/111555458.cms |access-date=2024-09-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt3550730}}

{{SP Shows}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]

Prabhash Kumar

2026-04-30T02:18:18Z

Manish Khouriwal: New!

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prabhash Kumar
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Sandi Assembly constituency|Sandi]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|06|30}}
| birth_place = [[Hardoi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Farmer]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| father = Kuber Lal
| spouse = Nirama Devi
}}
'''Prabhash Kumar''' is an Indian [[politician]], [[farmer]], and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Sandi Assembly constituency]] of [[Hardoi]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18158/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="prs">{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/prabhash-kumar |title=Prabhash Kumar |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref><ref name="on">{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/prabhash-kumar/ |title=Prabhash Kumar, BJP MLA from Sandi |publisher=Our Neta |website=ourneta.com |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="upla"/><ref name="prs"/><ref name="on"/>

==Early life==

Prabhash Kumar was born on 30 June 1975 in [[Hardoi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], to a [[Hindu]] family of Kuber Lal.<ref name="upla"/><ref name="on"/> He married Nirama Devi on 8 May 1998.<ref name="upla"/><ref name="on"/>

== Posts held ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!From
!To
!Position
!Comments
|-
|01
|2022
|Incumbent
|Member, [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Sandi Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Prabhash}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Hardoi]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Imperial Chola Army

2026-04-25T17:17:57Z

Manish Khouriwal: added a details

{{Short description|Ancient and medieval Tamil armed forces}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}}
{{AI-generated|date=January 2026|reason=Edits around March 2024 such as [[Special:Diff/1212924762|this]] and others by user; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in undue emphasis on significance, vocab distribution typical of 2023-2024 LLMs, section summarizing, etc. Also note that at least one hallucination has been found per [[Special:Diff/1250279682|this edit]]}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{infobox national military
| country = Chola Empire
| name = Chola military
| native_name = சோழர் படை
| image = Flag of Chola Kingdom.png
| image_size =
| caption = Fictional Chola flag
| founded = 300 BC
| disbanded = 1280 CE
| headquarters = * [[Thanjavur]], [[Chola Empire]]
*[[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]], [[Chola Empire]]
| commander-in-chief =
| commander-in-chief_title =
| minister =
| minister_title =
| commander =
| commander_title =
| age =
| conscription =
| manpower_data =
| manpower_age =
| available =
| available_f =
| fit =
| fit_f =
| reaching =
| reaching_f =
| active =
| ranked =
| reserve =
| deployed =
| history = '''Wars'''
* [[Chola expedition to North India|Annexation of Kalinga and Bengal, 1019–1024]]
* [[Chola–Chalukya wars]]
*[[Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177)]]
*[[Pallava–Chalukya Conflict]]
*[[Govinda III's Southern Campaign]]
'''Invasions'''
* [[Anuradhapura kingdom#Invasions|Early Chola invasion of Anuradhapura (205 BC)]]
* [[Karikala Chola Invasion of Srilanka]]<ref>{{cite book
| last=Sharma
| first=R. S.
| title=India's Ancient Past
| publisher=Oxford University Press
| year=2005
| page=253
| url=https://archive.org/details/indiaancientpastbyrssharma/page/n251/mode/1up
| quote=Karikala constructed embankments along the Kaveri with the labour of 12,000 slaves brought as captives from Sri Lanka.
}}</ref>
* [[Chola occupation of Anuradhapura|Conquest of Anuradhapura, 993]]
* Conquest of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera Kingdom]] and [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya Kingdom 1018–1019 CE]]
* Conquest of the [[Maldives]], [[Kavaratti]] and [[Lakshadweep]] islands
* [[Chola expedition to North India|Conquest of the Kalinga]]
* [[Chola expedition to North India|Conquest of the Ganges]]
* [[Chola Expedition of the Ganges|Chola conquest of Chandra dynasty]]
* [[South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra Chola I|Conquest of Pegu, 1023-1025]]
*[[South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I|Chola conquest of the Nicobar island, 1023-1025]]
* [[Chola invasion of Srivijaya|Invasion of Srivijaya, 1025]]
* [[South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I|Chola conquest of the Langkasuka kingdom]]
* [[Chola invasion of Kedah|Chola invasion of Malaysia, 1028]]
* [[Chola invasion of Kadaram (1068)|Invasion of Kadaram, 1068]]
* [[Chola invasion of Kalinga (1097)|Invasion of Kalinga, 1097]]
* [[Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110)|Invasion of Kalinga, 1110]]
'''Battles'''
*[[Battle of Kalumalam]]
*[[Battle of Kariyaru]]
*[[Battle of Vijithapura|Battle of Vijuthapura(161 or 162 BC)]]
*[[Battle of Venni|Battle of Venni (130 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Vahaipparandalai|Battle of Vahaipparandalai (2nd century CE)]]
*[[Battle of Nerivayil|Battle of Nerivayil (2nd century CE)]]
*[[Battle of Talaiyalanganam|Battle of Talaiyalanganam ( 3rd century CE)]]
* [[Battle of Thirupurambiyam|Battle of Thirupurambiyam (879 CE)]]
* [[Battle of Vellore|Battle of Vellur (910 CE)]]
* [[Battle of Vallala|Battle of Vallala (911 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Kodumbai|Battle of Kodumbai (10th century CE)]]
*[[Battle of Takkolam|Battle of Takkolam (949 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Chevur|Battle of Chevur (959 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Kandalur Salai|Battle of Kandalur Salai (988 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Panasoge|Battle of Panasoge (1000 CE) ]]
*[[Battle of Udagai|Battle of Udagai (1003 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Kalavur|Battle of Kalavur (1006 CE) ]]
*[[Battle of Donur|Battle of Donur (1007 CE)]]
*[[Chola occupation of Anuradhapura|Battle of Rohana(1017 CE)]]<ref>Nilakanda Sastry, The Cholas, pg. 200</ref>
*[[Battle of Maski|Battle of Maski (1019 – 1020 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Pundur]]
*[[Battle of Dannada]]
*[[Battle of Koppam|Battle of Koppam (1054 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Mudakkaru|Battle of Mudakkaru (1060 CE)]]
*[[First Battle of Kudal-Sangamam|First Battle of Kudal-Sangamam (1062 CE)]]
*[[Second Battle of Kudal -Sangamam|Second Battle of Kudal-Sangamam (1067 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Vijayawada|Battle of Vijayawada (1068)]]
*[[Battle of Kampili|Battle of Kampili (1068 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Nangili|Battle of Nangili (1076 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Godavari|Battle of Godavari (1133 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Nettur|Battle of Nettur (1188 CE)]]
}}

{{Chola history}}

The '''Imperial''' '''Chola Army''' ({{Langx|ta|சோழர் படை}}) refers to the army of the [[Chola Empire]]. The Chola military fought dozens of wars, and it also underwent numerous changes in structure, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting [[Tamil culture|Tamil]] traditions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/CholasI |title=Cholas I}}</ref>

==Pre-Imperial Sangam period (300 BC – 300 AD)==
It has not been possible to assemble an internal chronology of the Sangam works and pinpoint when and how the early Chola military was formed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/CholasI |title=Cholas I}}</ref>

The [[Chola]] state maintained a well-equipped standing army of professional soldiers. Military commanders were honored with the title of ''ēnāti'', conferred in a formal investiture ceremony by the king.

{{cquote|"You, when you see a fight, you rush to the front, divide your enemy’s forces, stand before them, and get your body scarred by the deep cuts of their swords; thus are you (your fame is) pleasant to the ear, not so your body to the eye. As for them (your enemies), when they see you, they turn their backs, and with bodies whole and unscarred, they are pleasant to the eye, not so (their infamy) to the ear. Hence, you are pleasant in one way, they in another; what is there else in which they do not equal you? Yet, what wonder is it, tell us, noble one! that this world cherishes you, O Killi, of the fleet steed and of the victorious anklet-adorned foot."<ref>{{cite book
|last=Sastri
|first=K. A. Nilakanta
|title=The Cholas, Volume I
|publisher=University of Madras
|year=1935
|page=86
|url=https://archive.org/details/CholasI/page/n106/mode/1up
|access-date=24 April 2026
}}</ref>
}}

===Karikala Chola===
{{main|Karikala Chola}}
Karikala Chola stands pre-eminent amongst all those mentioned in ''[[Pattinappaalai]]''. 'Karikala' means 'elephant feller' or 'charred leg', which is assumed to be a reference to an accident by fire that befell the prince early in his life.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/CholasI |title=Cholas I}}</ref> ''Pattinappaalai'' describes this accident and the enterprising way in which the prince escaped and established himself on the Chola throne. ''Pattinappalai'' is a poem on the then Chola capital [[Puhar, Nagapattinam|Kaveripattinam]] and describes the numerous battles Karikala fought against the Cheras and Pandyas, including the famous [[Battle of Venni]] where the Chola army defeated a confederacy of (about) a dozen rulers headed by Chera and Pandya kings. Following the battle, the Chera king was disgraced (received a wound on his back) and committed suicide. Karikala thus broke the confederacy that was formed against him, conquered the Chera and Pandya kingdoms, and established Chola hegemony over Tamilakam.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/CholasI |title=Cholas I}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=K. A. Nilakanta Sastry |url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-south-india-k.-a.-nilkanta-sastry |title=A History Of South India ( K. A. Nilakanta Sastry)}}</ref> After the Battle of Venni, Karikala defeated the confederacy of nine minor chieftains in the Battle of Vakaipparandalai. He also invaded Sri Lanka and took away, among other things, 12,000 Sinhalese men to work as slaves in the construction of the [[Kallanai Dam]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nrXAAAAMAAJ&q=sinhalese+slaves+kaveri+dam | isbn=9789555801102 | title=Walking to Kataragama | year=2007 | publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last=Sharma
| first=R. S.
| title=India's Ancient Past
| publisher=Oxford University Press
| year=2005
| page=253
| url=https://archive.org/details/indiaancientpastbyrssharma/page/n251/mode/1up
| quote=Karikala constructed embankments along the Kaveri with the labour of 12,000 slaves brought as captives from Sri Lanka.
}}</ref>

The poet Kovur Kilar mentions a protracted civil war between two Chola chieftains [[Nalankilli]] and [[Nedunkilli]]. Nedunkilli isolated himself in a fort in Avur, which was being besieged by Mavalattan, Nalankilli's younger brother. The poet chided Nedunkilli to come out and fight like a man instead of causing untold misery to the people of the city. In another poem, the poet begs both the princes to give up the civil war as whoever wins, the loser will be a Chola.

''Kalavali'' by Poygayar mentions the Chola King [[Kocengannan]] and his battle with the Chera king Kanaikkal Irumporai. The Chera was taken prisoner and Poygayar, who was a friend of the Chera, sang a poem praising the Chola King Kochchenganan in 40 stanzas. The Chola king, pleased with the work, released the Chera. Kalavali describes the battle fought at Kalumalam, near the Chera capital. [[Kocengannan]] is one of the 63 [[nayanars]]. Kocengannan became the subject of many instances in later times and is portrayed as a pious [[Shiva|Siva]] devotee who built many fine temples for Siva along the banks of the river [[Kaveri]].

== Imperial Chola army ==
The Chola dynasty faded into darkness after c. 300 CE. During this period, the Cholas lost their sovereignty in Tamilakam and held on to their old capital city of [[Urayur]] by serving as a vassal state under the [[Kalabhra]] and [[Pallava]] dynasties and by making use of the opportunity during a war between the Pandyas and Pallavas, [[Vijayalaya Chola]] rose out of obscurity and captured Thanjavur and re-established the Chola dynasty. In 852 CE, Vijayalaya Chola declared war on the Pandyas and defeated them and at the same time, the Cholas became so powerful that the Pallavas were also wiped out from the Thanjavur region at a later stage. The Medieval Chola Empire traced their ancestry to the ancient Tamil King, [[Karikala]], making him the dynasty's ancestral father.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014342mbp | title=Epigraphia Indica Vol V | publisher=Manager of Publications, Delhi }}</ref>

== Organization and administration ==
Cholas recruited military personnel of four types: soldiers of hereditary military families, soldiers raised from various tribes, personnel provided by various tradesmen and merchants, and mercenaries.<ref>Sastri 1992b: 745-7</ref>

In addition to the divisions, there were the ''Nadapu''—the commissariat and ''Payanam''—the admiralty and logistics. The addition to these, bureaucratic reforms revolutionized the Chola Army, resulting in victories on a massive scale.<ref>''The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present'', Page 1458–59 by Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy -1986,</ref>

=== Famous generals ===
[[File:Rajendra Chola in Battle, Kolaramma Temple - Edited.jpg|thumb|[[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra I]] at battle in [[Karnataka]]. ]]
There were hundreds of generals in the Medieval Chola Army, some notable commanders include:
*Senathipathi Araiyan Rajarajan (11th century)
**Younger brother of [[Rajendra Chola I]] and highest ranking general of the Chola Army during their victories against the Western Chalukya dynasty, Somavamsi dynasty, the Pala Kingdom, and the Kamboja Pala dynasty
* Senathipathi Abrameya Pallavan, was the commander-in-chief of Rajaraja Chola.
** He was the commander in [[Battle of Kandalur Salai|kandalur salai battle 988CE]] and also in the Kudamalai battle in 994 CE where Prince Rajendra led the forces.
*Senathipathi [[Aditha Karikalan]] (10th Century)
**Commander of Northern Troops, He led the army against Pandyas and defeated the Pandya king Veerapandyan at the Battle of Chevur.
*Senathipathi [[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]] (10th–11th century)
** Commander of the Sri Lanka Front Army of Rajaraja l and Rajendra I during the [[Chola conquest of Anuradhapura]]
*Senathipathi [[Karunakara Tondaiman]] (Late 11th century)
** Famous general during the reign of [[Kulottunga Chola I]] who defeated the Kalinga armies of King Anantavarman and went on to plunder Lanka
**The Karunakara Pillaiyar temple in the Jaffna peninsula was built after him. The village, Thondaimanaru, in Ceylon, was also named after him
*Senathipathi [[Naralokaviran]] (Late 11th century)
**General during the reign of [[Kulottunga Chola I]] and his successor [[Vikrama Chola]] who led many Chola campaigns in the deep south and distinguished himself in the Pandya Wars
*Senathipathi [[Paluvettaraiyar]] Maravan Kandanar (Late 10th century)
**An important general during the reign of [[Parantaka Chola II]] who strengthened the Pazhuvettaraiyar regiment that was actively deployed during the [[Chola conquest of Anuradhapura]]
*Thalapathi Thiruchitrambalamudaiyan Perumanambi (Late 12th century)
**Defeated Polonnaruwa Army generals [[Lankapura Dandanatha]] and Jagad Vijaya in battle and successfully re-conquered the Pandyan Kingdom on behalf of [[Rajadhiraja Chola II]] during the [[Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177)]]
*Anipathi Annan Pallavarayan (Late 12th century)
**Invaded Polonnaruwa and destroyed parakramabahu's preparations for the invasion of Chola Nadu and provided support for Sinhalese Prince Sri Vallabha, nephew of Parakramabahu and a rival claimant to the Polonnaruwa throne

== Regiments ==
[[File:Airavatesvara temple IMG 0660.jpg|thumb|Horse-drawn chariots used by the Chola Army]]
[[File:Airavateswara Temple Darasuram 06.jpg|thumb|Elephants used in battle]]
Chola inscriptions mention numerous regiments by specific names. [[Rajaraja Chola I]] created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son [[Rajendra Chola I]]. The prominence given to the army from the conquest of the [[Pandyas]] down to the last year of the king's reign is significant and shows the spirit with which the king treated his soldiers. Rajaraja gave his army its due share in the glory derived from his extensive conquests. The army was composed chiefly of [[Kaikolar]]s (Weavers), which were royal troops receiving regular payments from the treasury (e.g. ''Arul mozhideva-terinda-kaikola padai''; in this, ''arulmozhideva'' is the king's name, ''terinda'' means well known, and ''padai'' means regime).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA491|title=Kaikolar|isbn=9788122411980|last1=Sen|first1=Sailendra Nath|year=1999|publisher=New Age International }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1db0kdWgWVf2z9oxl1smUT02adimFNPra/view|title=Kaikolappadai}}</ref> Kaikolars were also a part-time weavers who formed battalions during wartime.

Some of the well-known Kaikola battalions were:{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

* Singalantaka-terinda-Kaikkolar
* Virachozha-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Kodandarama-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Danatonga-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Parantaka-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Muthuvalpetra-Kaikkolar
* Samarakesarit-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Vikramasingat-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Adityapanma-terinda-Kaikkolar
* Karikala-chozha-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Arulmozhideva-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Parttivasekarat-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Gandaraditta-terinja-Kaikkolar
* Madurantaka-terinja-Kaikkolar

Kodandarama-terinja-Kaikkolar is named after [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] who had another name Kodandarama. Smarakesarit-terinja-Kaikkolar and Vikramasingat-terinja-Kaikkolar derived their names from possible titles of [[Parantaka I|Parantaka Chola I]]. Gandaraditta-terinja-Kaikkolar must have been the name of a regiment named after king [[Gandaraditya|Gandaraditya Chola]], the father of [[Uttama (Chola dynasty)|Uttama Chola]]. Singalantaka-terinda-Kaikkolar, a regiment named after Singalantaka i.e. Parantaka Chola I. Danatunga-terinja-Kaikkolar (regiment or group). The early writing of the record and the surname Danatunga of Parantaka I suggest its assignment to his reign. Muthuvalpetra, meaning the “recipient of the pearl ornamented sword” in Tamil seems to indicate some special honour or rank conferred on the regiment by the king. Arulmozhideva-terinja-Kaikkolar is named after [[Raja Raja Chola I]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The following regiments are mentioned in the [[Tanjavur]] inscriptions:{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

* Uttama- Chola-terinda-Andalagattalar
* Perundanattu Anaiyatkal — Elephant corps.
* Pandita-Chola-Terinda-villigal — Archers
* Nigarili- Chola terinda-Udanilai-Kudiraichchevagar — Cavalry
* Mummadi- Chola-terinda-Anaippagar — Elephant corps
* Vira- Chola-Anukkar
* Parantaka-Kongavalar — Light Infantry
* Mummadi- Chola-terinda-parivarattar
* Keralantaka-terinda-parivarattar
* Mulaparivara-vitteru alias Jananatha-terinda-parivarattar
* Singalantaka-terinda-parivarattar
* Sirudanattu Vadugakkalavar
* Valangai-Parambadaigalilar
* Sirudanattu-Valangai-Velaikkarappadaigal
* Aragiya- Chola-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Aridurgalanghana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Chandaparakrama-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Ilaiya-Rajaraja-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Kshatriyasikhamani-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Murtavikramabharana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Rajakanthirava-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Rajaraja-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Rajavinoda-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Ranamukha-Bhima-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Vikramabharana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar
* Keralantaka-vasal-tirumeykappar
* Anukka-vasal-tirumeykappar — Personal bodyguards
* Parivarameykappargal — Personal bodyguards
* Palavagai-Parampadaigalilar
* Perundanattu-Valangai-Velaikkarappadaigal

''Velaikkarappadaigal'' or ''Velaikkarar'' is the equivalent of "Guards regiment" or "King's Regiment"—a royal suffix given in honour of their loyalty and bravery. Some historians like Stein also propose that they were drawn from the civilian population during wartime, suggesting they were more like the National Guard. They are mentioned in the [[Mahavamsa]]; according to that account, the [[Sinhala Kingdom|Sinhalese]] kingdom tried to use them as mercenaries against the Chola empire. They were later silenced and decommissioned when they refused and rebelled.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

There are almost seventy such regiments that have been found in these inscriptions. In most of the foregoing names, the first portion appears to be the surnames or titles of the king himself or that of his son. That these regiments were called after the king or his son shows the attachment that the Chola king bore towards his army.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

It may not be unreasonable to suppose that these royal names were prefixed to the designations of these regiments after they had distinguished themselves in some engagement or other. It is worthy of note that there are elephant troops, cavalry and foot soldiers among these regiments.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Top officers took various titles after the different kings such as ''Rajaraja Chola Brahmarajan'', ''Rajarajakesari Muvendavelar'', ''Jayamkondachola Villuparaiyar'', ''Uttamachola Muvendavelar'', ''Manukula Muvendavelar'', ''Nittavinotha Muvendavelar'', ''Atirajendra'' ''Muvendavelar'', ''Mummudi chola pallavaraiyar'', and ''Viranarayanan Muvendavelan''.<ref name="The Travancore state manual, Volume 1, page 192">''The Travancore state manual, Volume 1, page 192''</ref>
[[File:"Airavatesvara Temple wall details".JPG|thumb|Chola troops in battle]]

== Garrisons ==
The military administration system of the Chola dynasty in ancient India was a meticulously planned and executed strategy to ensure the security and stability of their vast empire. The army was stationed throughout the country in the form of local garrisons and cantonments, commonly known as "Kadagams." These garrisons were established in strategic locations to provide immediate security to the surrounding regions. They also served as administrative centres for the collection of taxes, maintenance of law and order, and the dispensation of justice.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The Cholas' military administration system extended beyond their borders, with garrisons stationed in the territories they had conquered. These garrisons were responsible for the collection of taxes and the maintenance of law and order in these regions. They also acted as a deterrent against any rebellion or uprising, thereby ensuring the continued subjugation of the conquered territories.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The Cholas' military administration system was not limited to the establishment of garrisons and cantonments. They also maintained a well-trained and well-equipped army that was ready to respond to any threat to the empire's security. The Cholas also had a navy that patrolled the seas around their empire, protecting their trade routes and preventing piracy.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Overall, the Cholas' military administration system was a testament to their foresight and strategic planning. It provided security and stability to their empire, ensuring its continued prosperity and longevity. Following the [[Chola conquest of Anuradhapura]], Senathipathi of the Sri Lanka Front Army of [[Rajaraja I|Rajaraja l]] and [[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra I]], [[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]], garrisoned the city of [[Polonnaruwa]] to administer control over the island and deter any attempt of reconquest by the Sinhalese armies.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yE85EAAAQBAJ&dq=chola+army+sri+lanka+garrisons&pg=PT189 | isbn=9781000432121 | title=A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare: Before the Rise of the West, 10,000 BCE–1500 CE | date=14 September 2021 | publisher=Routledge }}</ref> After the troubles in the [[Pandya]] country, [[Kulothunga Chola I]] stationed his army in several military colonies along the main route to Pandya from Chola lands. One such colony was found at Kottaru and another at Madavilagam near [[South Arcot]] district in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>''South Indian Inscriptions'', vol. 3</ref>

== Navy ==
{{Main|Chola Navy}}

The maritime force of the [[Chola dynasty]] was established with ships primarily utilized for trade and transportation. Notably, the dynasty lacked a dedicated ship for naval combat. Instead, these ships were repurposed to transport the land army overseas. The [[Chola]] maritime force consisted of several types of ships, such as the Kalamukha, Manthai, and Sandhani ships. The Kalamukha was a warship equipped with a battering ram, while the Manthai was a cargo ship with a capacity of up to 500 passengers. The Sandhani was designed specifically to transport horses and elephants overseas. Despite the lack of a ship designed for naval battles, the [[Chola dynasty]] maintained a formidable maritime force through the strategic utilization of their ships for both trade and transportation purposes.<ref name="MajumdarHistCult3">{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Romesh Chandra |url=https://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar/page/250/mode/2up?q= |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume V: The Struggle for Empire |publisher=[[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] |year=2001 |location=Mumbai |author-link=R. C. Majumdar}}</ref>{{rp|251}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sakhuja |first1=Vijay |last2=Sakhuja |first2=Sangeeta |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |location=Singapore |pages=76–90 |chapter=Rajendra Chola I’s Naval Expedition to Southeast Asia: A Nautical Perspective}}</ref>{{rp|77}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book |first=Kulke |last=Hermann |author2=Rothermund D |orig-year=1986 |year=1998 |title=A History of India |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-203-44345-4 |edition=3rd |location=London and New York |url=https://archive.org/details/a-history-of-india_202106/page/n3/mode/2up}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Hirth |first1=Friedrich |last2=Rockhill |first2=William Woodville |title=Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, entitled Chu Fan Chï |publisher=Imperial Academy of Sciences |year=1911 |location=St. Petersburg |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345/page/n7/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |first=K.A |last=Nilakanta Sastri |orig-year=1935 |year=1955 |title=The CōĻas |publisher=G. S. Press |edition=2nd |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n7/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |first=K.A |last=Nilakanta Sastri |orig-year=1955 |year=1958 |title=A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the fall of Vijayanagar |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=2nd |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16035/page/n7/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |first=Rama Sankar |last=Tripathi |year=1987 |title=History of Ancient India |publisher=Narendra Prakash Jain |location=Delhi |orig-date=1942 |isbn=81-208-0017-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancientindiaramshankartripathimlbd_919_P/page/n1/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gopal
| first = B. R.
| title = The Chalukyas of Kalyana and the Kalachuris
| publisher = Karnataka University (Prasārānga)
| location = Dharwad
| year = c. 1981
| pages = 90
| url = https://archive.org/details/sgw.chalukyasofkalya0000brgo/page/90/mode/1up
| accessdate = 13 July 2025
}}

[[Category:Chola Empire|Military]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Military of Chola| ]]

Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali

2026-04-20T05:11:10Z

Manish Khouriwal: new first bio w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali
| birth_name = Mulla Taherali Mulla Abdullabhai
| caption = Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali in 1952
| image = Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali.gif
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|12|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = Chanda constituency, [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1952<ref name="auto3"/>
| term_end = unknown
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 =
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Shrimati Sugrabai
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1951-election-results.html|title=1951 India General (1st Lok Sabha) Elections Results - Elections in India}}</ref> also known as '''Mulla Taherali Mulla Abdullabhai'''
(born 9 December 1918, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician and the [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) of the [[1st Lok Sabha|first Lok Sabha]] in 1952 elected from Chanda constituency of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/572.htm |title=Abdullabhai, Mulla Taherali Mulla - Members Bioprofile}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://loksabhahindiph.nic.in/members/partyardetail.aspx?party_code=34&lsno=1|title=भारत की संसद लोकसभा}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vQtDwAAQBAJ&dq=Mulla+Abdullabhai+Taherali+1st+lok+sabha&pg=PT243|title=The Indian Parliament: A Democracy at Work|isbn=9780199088256|last1=Shankar|first1=B. L.|last2=Rodrigues|first2=Valerian|date=2014-12-15}}</ref>

==Education and political career==
Abdullabhai was educated at Anjuman High School in [[Nagpur]]. Besides serving as the Member of Parliament, Mulla was also a businessman. From 1946 to 1951, he served as the chairman of [[Legislative Assembly]] and from 1951 to 1952, he remained Vice President of the ''Nagpur Nagar Congress Committee'', which was led by the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="auto3"/>

==Personal life==
Mulla Abdullabhai Taherali was married at a young age of 20 to Shrimati Sugrabai on 20 April 1938.<ref name="auto3"/>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taherali, Mulla Abdullabhai}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]

Lakshmi Kanta Saikia

2026-04-19T23:45:17Z

Manish Khouriwal: new basic stub w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lakshmi Kanta Saikia
| image =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1978
| predecessor = [[Dandi Ram Dutta]]
| successor = [[Nagen Sarma]]
| constituency = [[Kalaigaon Assembly constituency|Kalaigaon]]
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| constituency1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| source =
}}

'''Lakshmi Kanta Saikia''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kalaigaon Assembly constituency|Kalaigaon]] in the [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3995-assam-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/kalaigaon.html | title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Kalaigaon Assembly Constituency | publisher=elections.in | accessdate=2018-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/assam/kalaigaon-assembly-constituency.html | title=List of Winning MLA's from Kalaigaon Till Date | publisher=mapsofindia.com | accessdate=2018-10-17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saikia, Lakshmi Kanta}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1972–1978]]

{{Assam-INC-politician-stub}}

Laxmi Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:29:51Z

Manish Khouriwal: new basic data needs work.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Laxmi Nagar
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[East Delhi]]
| established = 2008
| mla = [[Abhay Verma (politician)|Abhay Verma]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| electors =
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 58
}}
'''Laxmi Nagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituencies of [[Delhi]] in northern [[India]].
Laxmi Nagar assembly constituency is a part of [[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. The constituency was created by reorganization by the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] in 2022.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Ashok Kumar Walia]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Vinod Kumar Binny]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[Nitin Tyagi]]
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Abhay Verma (politician)|Abhay Verma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Laxmi Nagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Abhay Verma|votes=65,858|percentage=52.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=B. B. Tyagi|votes=54,316|percentage=42.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sumit Sharma|votes=4316|percentage=3.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=686|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=11,542|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,26,382|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Laxmi Nagar<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2020 |title=General Legislative Election 2020|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Abhay Verma
| votes = 65,735
| percentage = 48.04
| change = +9.04
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Nitin Tyagi]]
| votes = 64,855
| percentage = 47.40
| change = +4.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Hari Dutt Sharma
| votes = 4,872
| percentage = 3.56
| change = -13.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 550
| percentage = 0.40
| change = +0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Jai Ram Lal
| votes = 446
| percentage = 0.33
| change = -0.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Right to Recall Party
| candidate = [[Anima Ojha]]
| votes = 78
| percentage = 0.06
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 880
| percentage = 0.64
| change = -2.90
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,36,944
| percentage =61.74
| change = -5.49
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +6.13
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: Laxmi Nagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Nitin Tyagi]]
| votes = 58,229
| percentage = 42.54
| change = +6.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = B. B. Tyagi
| votes = 53,383
| percentage = 39.00
| change = +10.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Walia|Dr. Ashok Kumar Walia]]
| votes = 23,627
| percentage = 17.26
| change = -12.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Kavita Narain
| votes = 687
| percentage = 0.50
| change = -0.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 420
| percentage = 0.30
| change = -0.17
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 4,846
| percentage = 3.54
| change = -3.02
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,36,959
| percentage =67.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +9.04
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Laxmi Nagar<ref>[http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=58 Assembly Elections December 2013 Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Vinod Kumar Binny]]
| votes = 43,052
| percentage = 36.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Walia|Dr. Ashok Kumar Walia]]
| votes = 35,300
| percentage = 29.85
| change = -29.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Abhay Kumar Verma
| votes = 33,849
| percentage = 28.63
| change = +3.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mohammed Naeem
| votes = 3,410
| percentage = 2.88
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Mool Chand
| votes = 1,275
| percentage = 1.08
| change = -2.79
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = New All India Congress Party
| candidate = Vikram Nijhawan
| votes = 183
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Dushyant Nagar
| votes = 136
| percentage = 0.12
| change = -0.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Amit Mall
| votes = 119
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 562
| percentage = 0.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,752
|percentage = 6.56
|change = -18.03
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 118,314
|percentage =64.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Laxmi Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Walia|Dr. Ashok Kumar Walia]]
| votes = 54,252
| percentage = 59.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Murari Singh Panwar
| votes = 31,855
| percentage = 34.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Avinash Sharma
| votes = 3,527
| percentage = 3.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Yashoda Rani
| votes = 374
| percentage = 0.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Omvir Singh Yadav
| votes = 305
| percentage = 0.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
| candidate = Raju Prasad Gupta
| votes = 257
| percentage = 0.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gulzar Ahmad
| votes = 168
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Uttar Pradesh United Democratic Front
| candidate = Kanta
| votes = 125
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Prakash Singh
| votes = 97
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Vinay Kumar Sharma
| votes = 90
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 22,397
| percentage = 24.59
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 91,051
| percentage = 56.5
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.64|77.27|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:East Delhi district]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Second Chaliha ministry

2026-04-06T04:58:24Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|1962 cabinet in the Indian state of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
| date_formed = 22 March 1962
| date_dissolved = 16 March 1967
| government_head = [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]]
| state_head = [[S. M. Shrinagesh]] [[Vishnu Sahay]]
| state_head_title = Governor
| government_head_title = Chief Minister
| opposition_party = [[All Party Hill Leaders Conference|AHL]]
| political_parties = *'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
| predecessor = [[First Chaliha ministry|Chaliha I]]
| successor = [[Third Chaliha ministry|Chaliha III]]
| image = Bimala Prasad Chaliha.jpg
| election = [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| last_election = [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
}}

The '''Second Chaliha ministry''' was the Cabinet of Assam headed by [[Chief Minister of Assam]] [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaliha ministry |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf}}</ref> The Ministry lasted from 22 March 1962<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Assam (India) Legislature Legislative |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Debates_Official_Report/FjUgAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Debates; Official Report |date=1966 |language=en}}</ref> to 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Legislative Assembly - Chief Ministers since 1937 |url=http://assamassembly.nic.in/cm-list.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116091830/http://assamassembly.nic.in/cm-list.html |archive-date=2014-01-16 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=assamassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

== History ==
Komol Kumari Barua was appointed a Minister of State on 23 April 1966, becoming the third female Assamese minister.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=V. Venkata |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Century_of_Government_and_Politics_in/wm9DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=bishnuram%20medhi%2022%20April%201957 |title=A Century of Government and Politics in North East India, 1874-1980: Assam |last2=Hazarika |first2=Niru |date=1983 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref>

== Ministers ==

{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|[[List of chief ministers of Assam|'''Chief Minister''']] and also in-charge of:|Department of Appointments|Department of Home|Department of Political|General Administration Department|Secretariat Administration Department|Department of Information and Publicity|Department of Minority Affairs|Department of Public Works (Roads and Buildings)|All other departments not allocated to any other minister.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Assam (India) Legislature Legislative |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Debates_Official_Report/FjUgAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Debates; Official Report |date=1966 |language=en}}</ref>}}
| minister1 = [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Sonari Assembly constituency|Sonari]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Finance|Minister of Law|Minister of Panchayats|Minister of Community Projects|Minister of Wakf Property}}
| minister1 = [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 2 April 1966
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Jania Assembly constituency|Jania]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Power (Electricity)|Minister of Industries (including Cottage Industries)|Minister of Planning and Development|Minister of Town and Country Planning|Minister of Labour|Minister of Statistics}}
| minister1 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Tripathi]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Biswanath Assembly constituency|Biswanath]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Revenue|Minister of Transport|Minister of Forests|Minister of Political Sufferers}}
| minister1 = Siddhinath Sarma
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Rangiya Assembly constituency|Rangiya]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Education|Minister of Co-operation|Minister of Tourism}}
| minister1 = [[D. K. Barooah]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Samaguri Assembly constituency|Samaguri]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Health|Minister of Excise|Minister of Printing and Stationery}}
| minister1 = Baidyanath Mookerjee
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Ratabari Assembly constituency|Ratabari]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|[[Department of Agriculture and Horticulture (Assam)#Ministers|Minister of Agriculture]]|Minister of Pisciculture|Minister of Veterinary and Livestock|Minister of Flood Control and Irrigation|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs}}
| minister1 = [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Silchar Assembly constituency|Silchar East]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Supply|Minister of Trade and Commerce|Minister of Registration and Stamps|Minister of Relief and Rehabilitation}}
| minister1 = [[Rupnath Brahma]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Sidli Assembly constituency|Sidli]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Khadi and Village Industries|Minister of Sericulture and Weaving|Minister of Jails}}
| minister1 = Mahendra Nath Hazarika
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Raha Assembly constituency|Raha]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of Tribal Areas|Minister of Welfare of Backward Classes|Minister of Municipal Administration|Minister of Social Welfare}}
| minister1 = Chatrasing Teron
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Mikir Hills West
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

=== Ministers of State ===

{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of State for Public Works (Roads and Buildings)
| minister1 = [[Girindra Nath Gogoi]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Sibsagar Assembly constituency|Sibsagar]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of State for Revenue
| minister1 = Radhika Ram Das
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Palasbari Assembly constituency|Palasbari]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Minister of State for Community Projects|Minister of State for Tribal Areas|Minister of State for Welfare of Backward Classes|Minister of State for Power (Electricity)}}
| minister1 = Emonsingh Sangma
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Phulbari Assembly constituency|Phulbari]]
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

=== Deputy Ministers ===

{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Deputy Minister of Tribal Areas|Deputy Minister of Welfare of Backward Classes|Deputy Minister of Cooperatives|Deputy Minister of Forests}}
| minister1 = [[Lalit Kumar Doley]]
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Dhakuakhana Assembly constituency|Dhakuakhana]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Deputy Minister of Education|Deputy Minister of Social Welfare}}
| minister1 = Komol Kumari Barua
| minister1_termstart = 23 April 1966
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Katonigaon
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{ubl|Deputy Minister of Panchayats|Deputy Minister of Community Projects}}
| minister1 = Devendra Nath Hazarika
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Saikhowa
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

=== Parliamentary Secretary ===

{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Secretary for Relief and Rehabilitation
| minister1 = Sai Sai Terang
| minister1_termstart = 1 March 1962
| minister1_termend = 16 March 1967
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Mikir Hills East
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Template:Assam ministries}}
[[Category:Assam ministries]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1962]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1962 in Indian politics]]

Deepavali (2008 film)

2026-04-05T06:32:14Z

Manish Khouriwal: Put Up A Biography Initial Version.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Deepavali
| image = Deepavali (2008 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = Hari Babu
| writer = [[Diamond Ratnababu]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Hari Babu
| story = Hari Babu
| based_on = 
| producer = Teegala Kripakar Reddy
| starring = [[Venu Thottempudi]] [[Megha Nair]] [[Aarthi Agarwal]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Prasad K.
| editing = Ramgopal Reddy
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = AAA Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|11|28|ref1=<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news287.html|title=Three releases this Friday|date=26 November 2008|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113204922/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news287.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Deepavali''''' is a 2008 Indian [[romantic film|romantic]] [[drama film]] directed by Hari Babu and starring [[Venu Thottempudi]], [[Megha Nair]] and [[Aarthi Agarwal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/diwali/diwali-special-songs-telugu-1234081|title=తరాలు మారినా ఆదరణ తగ్గని దీపావళి|language=te|date=21 October 2019|work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Venu Thottempudi]] as Venu
*[[Megha Nair]] as Sirisha
*[[Aarthi Agarwal]] as Aarti
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Bunny
*[[Bhanu Chander]] as Commissioner
*[[Vinod Kumar Alva|Vinod Kumar]] as Sirisha's kidnapper
*[[Subbaraju]] as Inspector Ramesh
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Ajay Devagan aka Cheta
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Sirisha's father
*[[Brahmaji]] as Encounter Specialist
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Rahman
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Gundu family head
*[[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao]] as Pillai
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Cellphone salesman
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Sirisha's sister
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]] as Sirisha's mother
*[[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Sudarshan
*[[Shankar Melkote]] as Melkote
*Junior Relangi as Doctor
*Babloo as Bike owner
}}

== Production ==
[[Ernakulam]]-based model [[Megha Nair]] made her debut with this film.<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-deepavali.html|title=Music launch - Deepavali|date=28 June 2008|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113204922/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-deepavali.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ogeti Ramana was supposed to be the music director before he was replaced with [[Vandemataram Srinivas]].<ref name="A"/>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Deepavali
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2008
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:56
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer =
| chronology = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| prev_title = Citizen
| prev_year = 2008
| next_title = Anjani Putrudu
| next_year = 2009
| misc =
}}
The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6rRLW9Q113SDXHitxHv18W|title=Deepavali (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|date=2008|work=[[Spotify]]|access-date=2024-01-13|archive-date=2024-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113225233/https://open.spotify.com/album/6rRLW9Q113SDXHitxHv18W|url-status=live}}</ref> The audio release function was held on 28 June 2008 with [[Tammareddy Bharadwaja]] releasing the audio CD.<ref name="A"/> Notably, none of the film's lead cast was present at the film's audio launch due to its delay.<ref name="A"/>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Japanu Cheera
| length1 = 5:01
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith Govind]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| title2 = Masaka Masaka - Remix
| length2 = 5:19
| extra2 = [[Suchitra]]
| title3 = Ye Nimisham
| length3 = 4:06
| extra3 = Venu, Geetha Madhuri
| title4 = Tuhi Mera Dil
| length4 = 5:28
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Pranavi
| title5 = Chiruraku Kommallo
| length5 = 5:02
| extra5 = [[N. C. Karunya|Karunya]], Pranavi
| total_length = 24:56
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was eventually released on 26 November alongside [[R. Narayana Murthy]]'s ''Devarakonda Veerayya'' and [[Nagendra Babu]]'s ''Ek Police''.<ref name="R"/>

In a retrospective review, a writer from ''V6 Velugu'' praised the performance of the cast, the music, and the film's comedy and action.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.v6velugu.com/tollywood-old-movies-with-title-of-deepavali-v6-special|title=Deepavali Special: చీకటి వెలుగుల కవుల రంగేలీ దీపావళి.. తెలుగు సినిమాల అలనాటి విశేషాలు|language=te|work=V6 Velugu|date=31 October 2024|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1583234}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]
[[Category:2008 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]

The Devourers

2026-04-03T16:10:54Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|2015 novel by Indra Das}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Devourers
| author = [[Indra Das]]
| country = India
| genre = [[Dark fantasy]] 
[[Science fiction]] 
[[Speculative fiction]]
| published = 2015 (India) 
July 2016 (U.S.)
| publisher = [[Penguin India]] (India) 
[[Del Rey Books|Ballantine Del Rey]] (U.S.)
| isbn = 978-1101967515
| image = File:The Devourers.jpg
| border = yes
| caption = First edition
| cover_artist = Dan Burgess
}}
'''''The Devourers''''' is a 2015 debut novel by Indian writer, artist, and editor [[Indra Das]] (aka Indrapramit Das). It takes place in [[Kolkata, India]], where Das grew up, and is considered [[South Asia]]n [[speculative fiction]] and [[dark fantasy]], incorporating aspects of [[historical fiction]], [[fantasy]], and [[Horror fiction|horror]]. It was originally published by [[Penguin India]] in 2015, followed by release in [[North America]] by [[Del Rey Books|Ballantine Del Rey]] of [[Penguin Random House]] in July 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://indradas.com/|title=Indrapramit Das|website=Indrapramit Das|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref>

The novel features [[shape-shifters]], more specifically [[Werewolf|werewolves]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/07/11/intimacy-as-magic-the-devourers-by-indra-das/|title=Intimacy as Magic: The Devourers by Indra Das|date=2016-07-11|website=Tor.com|access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> and explores the concepts of love, [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]], and what it means to be human. It is told in a multi-layered manner, alternating between different time periods and perspectives. The author's writing has been compared to that of [[Margaret Atwood]], [[China Miéville]], and [[David Mitchell (author)|David Mitchell]] by his publisher.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/534499/|title=The Devourers|last=|first=|date=|publisher=Penguin Random House|access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref>

The novel grew out of werewolf stories he wrote during college, which he called "male-centered," with the female characters being either prey or prostitutes who are raped "so that a male predator can come to terms with his own predatory nature." Das claimed those early versions of characters remain in his final novel and also said, "but the novel was woven around questioning how easily I, as a straight male writer, slipped so comfortably into using this misogynistic narrative device of taking away the voice of women, even while exploring violence against women (and ostensibly questioning and criticizing it)."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelf Awareness for Readers for Friday, July 15, 2016 |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/readers-issue.html?issue=523 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.shelf-awareness.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story, which takes place primarily in [[Kolkata]], is set during the reign of the [[Mughal Empire]] in the seventeenth century and extends to [[modern India]]. The main character, Alok Mukherjee, is a college professor and historian who happens upon a stranger that tells him a story about shape-shifters that devour human souls in order to survive. The stranger claims that the tale he tells it true, and although Alok is skeptical, he is intrigued and insists on finishing the story. Alok is then enlisted to translate and transcribe a collection of notebooks and texts documented on human skin, through which the rest of the story is told.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/books/review/science-fiction-ninefox-gambit-yoon-ha-lee.html|title=The Latest in Science Fiction and Fantasy|last=Jemisin|first=N. k|date=2016-08-11|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''The Devourers'' was shortlisted for the 2015 Shakti Bhatt First Book Prize, the 2015 TATA Live! Literature First Book Award, and the 2016 [[International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts]] [[Crawford Award|William L. Crawford Fantasy Award]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfadb.com/William_L_Crawford_-_IAFA_Fantasy_Award_2016|title=sfadb: William L. Crawford - IAFA Fantasy Award 2016|website=www.sfadb.com|access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref> It was also listed as a 2015 selection for [[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] Recommended Reading.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cookeagency.ca/books/Das-I_The-Devourers.htm|title=The Devourers by Indra Das|website=www.cookeagency.ca|access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2016/02/2015-locus-recommended-reading-list/|title=Locus Online News » 2015 Locus Recommended Reading List|last=Publications|first=Locus|website=www.locusmag.com|date=February 2016 |access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref>

"Not for the squeamish, Das' debut is an ambitious, unsettling trip into our own capacity for violence," according to ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/indra-das/the-devourers/|title=THE DEVOURERS by Indra Das|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Kirkus Review|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref> Author of ''The Obelisk Gate'', [[N. K. Jemisin]], concluded in her review of the book in ''[[The New York Times]]'', ”Readers will savor every bite."<ref name=":2" />

In a starred review, ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' praised Das' debut novel as "brutal, intoxicating, and gorgeously visceral."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-101-96751-5|title=Fiction Book Review: The Devourers by Indra Das|newspaper=PublishersWeekly.com|access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> [[Podcast]] host and writer for [[Tor.com]] Mahvesh Murad described ''The Devourers'' similarly and expanded on the sentiment: "It is violent and vicious and deeply unsettling for a number of reasons. But it is also showcases Das’ incredible prowess with language and rhythm, and his ability to weave folklore and ancient legend with modern day loneliness."<ref name=":1" />

The [[Los Angeles Review of Books|LA Review of Books]] said that "very little happens plotwise in the novel" but pointed out how it critiques patriarchal violence and "the harm inflicted by heterosexual norms."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-03 |title=Finding Silence: Indra Das’s “The Devourers” |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/finding-silence-indra-dass-devourers |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Los Angeles Review of Books}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.tor.com/2016/07/07/excerpts-the-devourers-indra-das/ Excerpt of ''The Devours'' on Tor.com]
* [http://indradas.com/ Indrapramit Das's website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devourers, The}}
[[Category:2015 debut novels]]
[[Category:2015 Indian novels]]
[[Category:2015 science fiction novels]]
[[Category:2015 fantasy novels]]
[[Category:2010s horror novels]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Indian historical novels]]
[[Category:Science fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Science fiction horror novels]]
[[Category:Dark fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Historical fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Love stories]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Novels about teachers]]
[[Category:Novels about werewolves]]
[[Category:Novels about cannibalism]]
[[Category:Lambda Literary Award–winning works]]
[[Category:Penguin Books India books]]
[[Category:Novels based on myths and legends]]

Rajendran

2026-03-29T09:35:21Z

Manish Khouriwal: expand information per standard format per standard format

{{Short description|Indian stunt double, actor (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Actor Motta Rajendran at the Vilaasam Press Meet.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Raasendran at the [[Vilaasam]] Press Meet
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1957|6|1}}
| occupation = {{Hlist | [[Stunt double]] | actor}}
| years_active = 1978–present
| other names = Naan Kadavul Rajendran, Mottai Rajendran
}}

'''Arunachalam Rajendran'''<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> (born 1 June 1957<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Stunt-accident-left-him-hairless-and-with-plenty-of-roles/articleshow/55360906.cms |title=Stunt accident left him hairless – and with plenty of roles |website=The Times of India |date=11 November 2016 |access-date=8 July 2018|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812170659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Stunt-accident-left-him-hairless-and-with-plenty-of-roles/articleshow/55360906.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>), better known as '''Mottai Rajendran''' or '''''Naan Kadavul'' Rajendran''', is an Indian [[stunt double]] and actor working mainly in [[Tamil cinema]]. He debuted in 2003 with the Tamil film ''[[Pithamagan]]'' and has worked as a stunt double in over 500 [[Cinema of South India|South Indian films]] since then. He played the role of a villain in ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' (2009) which won huge critical acclaim and fetched him the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]]''.'' Since then, he has continued to play villainous and later humorous supporting characters in a number of Tamil films.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web |title=My First Break |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article932200.ece |author=S. R. Ashok Kumar |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 December 2010 |access-date=15 February 2012 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331010906/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article932200.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> He is noted for his rough voice and [[alopecia universalis]], which he claims was the result of coming into contact with industrial waste during a stunt sequence.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/naan-kadavul-motta-rajendran-reveals-the-secret-of-his-bald-head/articleshow/70434693.cms |script-title=ta:பல ஆண்டுகள் ரகசியத்தை உடைத்த மொட்டை ராஜேந்திரன்!! |trans-title=Rajendran breaks the secret for many years! |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520193516/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/naan-kadavul-motta-rajendran-reveals-the-secret-of-his-bald-head/articleshow/70434693.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
Rajendran began his film career working as a [[stunt double]] in hundreds of south Indian films mostly in Tamil.

He played a small but significant role in ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003) and made his full-fledged acting debut as a villain in ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' (2009).<ref name ="The Hindu" /><ref name="Sify">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajendran-turns-hot-as-comedian-news-tamil-pd5pGIbjjhbdf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401014120/http://www.sify.com/movies/rajendran-turns-hot-as-comedian-news-tamil-pd5pGIbjjhbdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2015 |title=Rajendran turns hot as comedian! |website=[[Sify]] |date=31 March 2015 |access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref> His performance as a cruel leader who tortures beggars earned critical acclaim with a critic noting that he is "menacing and loathsome".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Reality-hits-you-hard-Naan-Kadavul/article15937149.ece |title=Reality hits you hard – Naan Kadavul |date=13 February 2009 |access-date=22 September 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716073117/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Reality-hits-you-hard-Naan-Kadavul/article15937149.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

Following his villainous comedy role in ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' (2010), he says he was [[typecasting (acting)|typecast]] in similar roles.<ref name="The Hindu" /><ref name="Sify" /> His appearance as a killer who dons the garb of a woman in ''[[Thirudan Police]]'' (2014) was appreciated by critics as "the ultimate showstealer and his already popular lady makeover clinches it big time".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thirudan-police/thirudan-police-review.html |title=Thirudan Police Movie Review |website=Behindwoods.com |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=22 September 2017 |archive-date=9 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409024930/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thirudan-police/thirudan-police-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref> His first release in 2015 was ''[[Darling (2015 Tamil film)|Darling]]'', where he appeared as the ghostbuster.<ref name="Sify" /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "His bald head, thin figure and sandpapery voice make him effective for both villainous and comical roles but from the screams and whistles that his character gets, it is clear that he has made much more impact as a comedian".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Darling/movie-review/45906280.cms |title=Darling Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=22 September 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Darling/movie-review/45906280.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> His second release of the year was ''[[Ivanuku Thannila Gandam]]'' (2015), where he appeared as a murderer. Before its release, Rajendran's presence in the film's promotional videos received a positive response.<ref name="Sify" /><ref name="Thanni">{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/rajendran-a-big-asset-for-ivanuku-thannila-gandam-741266 |title=Rajendran a Big Asset for Ivanuku Thannila Gandam |date=21 February 2015 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=22 September 2017 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002427/http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/rajendran-a-big-asset-for-ivanuku-thannila-gandam-741266 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released to negative reviews, though Rajendran's performance was appreciated by critics, one of whom noted that "the film belongs to Rajendran as he comes out with his trademark dialogue delivery [...] and carries the entire film".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ivanuku-thanila-gandam-review-tamil-pdmjWtiabbcgh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312150258/http://www.sify.com/movies/ivanuku-thanila-gandam-review-tamil-pdmjWtiabbcgh.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2015 |title=Review: Ivanuku Thanila Gandam |website=[[Sify]] |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref>

He later co-starred mostly with actor [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] in movies ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]'' (2016), ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu 2]]'' (2019), ''[[Biskoth]]'' (2020), ''[[Parris Jeyaraj]]'' (2021), ''[[Dikkiloona]]'' (2021), ''[[DD Returns]]'' (2023), ''[[80s Buildup]]'' (2023), ''[[Vadakkupatti Ramasamy]]'' (2024) and ''[[Devil's Double Next Level]]'' (2025).

== Personal life ==
A. Rajendran was born on 1 June 1957 in [[Thoothukudi]], Tamil Nadu, India. His father, Arunachalam, and two elder brothers are also stunt masters. Rajendran previously used to have androgenic hair, but following an incident in which he jumped into a pond of chemical runoff from a nearby factory as part of a stunt for a Malayalam film, he had lost every bit of hair from his body, earning him the nickname "Motta" Rajendran.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" />

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Tamil films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Rajendran Tamil film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1991 || ''[[Rudhra]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992 || ''[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
|''[[Thambi Pondatti]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Thirumathi Palanisamy]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Puthiya Aatchi]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003 || ''[[Lesa Lesa]]'' || Deva's friend || Uncredited role<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yldIb8ZlOY0&list=PL6eYJImIZdQ45oDOjVfsNV4EjWRC90QBg&index=15&t=34s | title=Lesa Lesa Movie Scenes | Trisha reveals her past | Madhavan intro | Shaam | website=[[YouTube]] | date=23 March 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pithamagan]]'' || Prison warden || Uncredited role<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVM9rJbAnFQ&t=4511s|title=Pithamagan Tamil Full Movie {{!}} Vikram {{!}} Suriya {{!}} Bala {{!}} Laila {{!}} Sangeetha |publisher=Matinee Now Tamil |date=21 May 2022 |via=YouTube|time=1:15:11}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Thotti Jaya]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'' || Henchman in 'Karka Karka' song || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Thalaimagan]]'' || Fighter || Uncredited role
|-
|2007 || ''[[Thee Nagar]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' || Thandavan || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain]]<ref name=rk>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/29/stories/2009092950250100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001173907/http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/29/stories/2009092950250100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2009 |title=Rajini, Kamal win best actor awards |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 March 2023 |location=Chennai, India |date=29 September 2009 |quote=The best villain award was given to Rajendran ('Naan Kadavul');}}</ref> Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2010 || ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' || Velpandi ||
|-
| ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'' ||Gang leader ||
|-
| ''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthamaputhiran]]'' || Velu ||
|-
| ''[[Milaga]]'' ||Rajendran
|
|-
| ''[[Thambi Arjuna]]'' || Mani ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2011 || ''[[Ilaignan]]'' || Kaalia ||
|-
| ''[[Mugaputhagam]]'' || Goon || Short film
|-
| ''[[Rowthiram]]'' || A local goon ||
|-
| ''[[Thambikottai]]'' || Amirthalingam ||
|-
| ''[[Velayudham]]'' || A local goon ||
|-
| ''[[Ambuli]]'' || Guhan ||
|-
| 2012 || ''Varudangal 20'' || Annachi ||
|-
| rowspan="8"| 2013 || ''[[Samar (2013 film)|Samar]]'' || Tree cutter ||
|-
| ''[[Kan Pesum Vaarthaigal]]'' || Janani's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Singam 2]]'' || Sahaayam ||
|-
| ''[[Pattathu Yaanai]]'' ||Hotel owner ||
|-
| ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'' || Goolmaayi ||
|-
| ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]'' || Henry ||
|-
| ''[[Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara]]'' || Painter Rajendran (Raj) ||
|-
| ''[[Maayai]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2014 || ''[[Kadhal Solla Aasai]]'' || Verumpuli ||
|-
| ''[[Vilaasam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Thirudan Police]]'' || Manickam ||
|-
| ''[[Vellaikaara Durai]]'' || Rajendran ||
|-
| rowspan="16" | 2015 || ''[[Darling (2015 Tamil film)|Darling]]'' || Ghost Gopal Varma ||
|-
| ''[[Ivanuku Thannila Gandam]]'' || Mark ||
|-
| ''Kalakattam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nannbenda]]'' || "Scorpio" Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' || Marudhu's brother ||
|-
| ''[[Masss]]'' || Ghost ||
|-
| ''[[Eli (2015 film)|Eli]]'' || Kuruvi Manda Kumaru ||
|-
| ''[[Palakkattu Madhavan]]'' || U. Santosh Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]'' || Inspector Muthukaruppan / Robot ||
|-
| ''[[Adhibar]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[49-O (film)|49-O]]'' || Advertisement director ||
|-
| ''Jippaa Jimikki'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Naanum Rowdydhaan]]'' || Rowdy Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Om Shanti Om (2015 film)|Om Shanti Om]]'' || Vavval Pandi ||
|-
| ''[[Vedalam]]'' || "Kolkata" Kaali ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruttu Rail]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="15"| 2016 || ''[[Peigal Jaakkirathai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nayyapudai]]'' || Baby Anaconda ||
|-
| ''[[Vaaliba Raja]]'' || Ragendra ||
|-
| ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' || P. Rajender || Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2017/tamil/nominations/best-supporting-actor-male/rajendran |title=Rajendran- Best Actor in Supporting Role Male Nominee |publisher=[[Filmfare Awards]] |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319200936/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2017/tamil/nominations/best-supporting-actor-male/rajendran |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran]]'' || Ghost 'Motai' Guru ||
|-
| ''[[Enakku Innoru Per Irukku]]'' || Maha ||
|-
| ''[[Jackson Durai]]'' || Bradlee (Suruli) ||
|-
| ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]'' || Sketch "Mani" ||
|-
|''[[Arthanari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Wagah (film)|Wagah]]'' || PET Master ||
|-
| ''[[Yaanai Mel Kuthirai Sawaari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'' || Mohana Santhosh ||
|-
| ''[[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru]]'' || Father Francis Rajendran ||
|-
| ''[[Atti (film)|Atti]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Veera Sivaji]]'' || CBI officer ||
|-
| rowspan="18" | 2017 || ''[[Bairavaa]]'' ||Traffic police M. Rajendran ||
|-
| ''[[Enakku Vaaitha Adimaigal]]'' || Karuppu Rock ||
|-
| ''[[Mupparimanam]]'' || Himself || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva]]'' || Tsunami Star Subash ||
|-
| ''[[Bruce Lee (2017 film)|Bruce Lee]]'' || Uncle of Abbas ||
|-
| ''[[Paambhu Sattai]]'' || Water company owner ||
|-
|''[[Sangili Bungili Kadhava Thorae]]'' || Chairman ||
|-
| ''Thangaratham'' || Malaichamy ||
|-
|''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]'' || Mani / Rajhu ||
|-
|''[[Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum]]'' || Sulthan Bhai ||
|-
| ''[[Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam]]'' || Rajendran ||
|-
| ''[[Katha Nayagan (2017 film)|Katha Nayagan]]'' ||Mike Maari ||
|-
| ''[[Neruppu Da]]'' || MLA Kabali ||
|-
| ''[[Bayama Irukku]]'' || Ajith ||
|-
| ''[[Pichuva Kaththi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Hara Hara Mahadevaki]]'' || Spike ||
|-
| ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'' || Health Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Brahma.com]]'' || Vanagamudi ||
|-
| rowspan="17" | 2018 ||''[[Gulaebaghavali]]'' || Annachi ||
|-
| ''[[Madura Veeran]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Solli Vidava]]'' || Narayana ||
|-
| ''[[Veera (2018 film)|Veera]]'' || Jonty Rhodes ||
|-
| ''[[Kaathadi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Munthal'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu]]'' || Jack ||
|-
| ''[[Kaathiruppor Pattiyal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mohana'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Junga (film)|Junga]]'' || S. Duraisingam ||
|-
| ''[[Ghajinikanth]]'' || Rajini's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Maniyaar Kudumbam]]'' || Chellakilli ||
|-
| ''[[Kolamavu Kokila]]'' || Alponse ||
|-
| ''[[Aaruthra]]'' || Avudaiappan's assistant ||
|-
| ''[[Seema Raja]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[NOTA (film)|Nota]]'' || Ramaswamy ||
|-
| ''[[Kalavani Mappillai]]'' || Vanagamoodi ||
|-
| rowspan="14" | 2019 || ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' || Loan collector ||
|-
| ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu 2]]'' ||Viji's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Nethraa]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pettikadai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pottu (film)|Pottu]]'' || Thief ||
|-
| ''[[Boomerang (2019 film)|Boomerang]]'' || Film producer ||
|-
| ''[[Sangathamizhan]]'' || Kittappa ||
|-
| ''[[Natpuna Ennanu Theriyuma]]'' || Raju's father ||
|-
| ''[[Dharmaprabhu]]'' || Shiva ||
|-
| ''[[Gorilla (film)|Gorilla]]'' || Saloon Owner ||
|-
| ''[[A1 (2019 film)|A1]]'' || CCTV Chidambaram ||
|-
| ''[[Jackpot (2019 film)|Jackpot]]'' || Motta ||
|-
| ''[[Puppy (2019 film)|Puppy]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[50/50 (2019 film)|50/50]]'' || Pachai Kulandhai||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2020 || ''[[Time Enna Boss]]'' || "Semma Singer" Judge / [[Mahatma Gandhi]] from Earth 36 || Web series
|-
| ''[[Irandam Kuththu]]'' || Swamiji ||
|-
| ''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' || Corrupt businessman ||
|-
| ''[[Biskoth]]'' || Mottappa ||
|-
| ''Time Up'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="10"| 2021 || ''[[Trip (2021 film)|Trip]]'' || Anjaa Puli ||
|-
| ''[[Naanum Single Thaan]]'' || Mr Love ||
|-
| ''[[Paris Jayaraj]]'' || Guru ||
|-
| ''[[Michaelpatty Raja]]'' || Naidu ||
|-
| ''[[Engada Iruthinga Ivvalavu Naala]]'' || Nesamani ||
|-
| ''Call Taxi'' || Kamal ||
|-
| ''[[Dikkiloona]]'' || Mental hospital doctor ||
|-
| ''[[Pei Mama]]'' || Sethupathi ||
|-
| ''[[MGR Magan]]'' || Mattapparai ||
|-
| ''[[Anandham Vilayadum Veedu]]'' || Worker ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2022 || ''Kundas'' || ||
|-
|''[[Kadamaiyai Sei]]'' || Thief ||
|-
|''[[Powder (2022 film)|Powder]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Gurumoorthi]]'' || Security Guard ||
|-
| ''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]'' || Chris Gayle ||
|-
| ''[[Oh My Ghost (film)|Oh My Ghost]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="14" | 2023 || ''[[Vaathi]]'' || 'Bittu' Bhupathi ||
|-
|''[[Single Shankarum Smartphone Simranum]]'' || Police ||
|-
| ''[[Pallu Padama Paathukka]]'' || Ramesh ||
|-
| ''[[Kannitheevu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ghosty (2023 film)|Ghosty]]'' || Motta (Mental hospital warden) ||
|-
|''[[Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan]]''|| Superstar Rajeshkanth and alien || Dual roles
|-
| ''[[Vimanam (2023 film)|Vimanam]]'' || Balaraju || Partially reshot version
|-
| ''[[Rayar Parambarai]]'' || Shanthamurthy ||
|-
|''[[DD Returns]]'' || Professor ||
|-
|''Lockdown Diarie'' || ||
|-
|''[[Web (2023 film)|Web]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Japan (2023 film)|Japan]]'' || Japan's aide ||
|-
| ''[[80s Buildup]]'' || Diamond thief ||
|-
| ''Sarakku'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2024 || ''[[Vadakkupatti Ramasamy]]'' || Goon ||
|-
| ''[[Guardian (2024 film)|Guardian]]'' || Azhagu's brother-in-law ||
|-
|''[[Yaavarum Vallavare]]'' || Paandi ||
|-
| ''[[The Boys (2024 film)|The Boys]]'' || Sundaram's uncle ||
|-
|''[[Rathnam (film)|Rathnam]]''|| Mahesh ||
|-
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''|| Rathnam ||
|-
| ''[[Thozhar CheGuevara]]'' || Doctor Naveen ||
|-
| rowspan="11" |2025 || ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' || Viswanath’s henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Baby and Baby]]'' || Thokkudurai ||
|-
| ''[[Otha Votu Muthaiya]]'' || Sithappa ||
|-
| ''Leg Piece'' || Annachi ||
|-
| ''[[Devil's Double Next Level]]'' || "Veen Pechu" Babu ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=2025-05-16 |title='Devil's Double Next Level' movie review: Santhanam's barely funny, least scary addition to an uneven franchise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devils-double-next-level-review-santhanam-rajendran-dd-next-level-dhilluku-dhuddu-4-kissa-47/article69583802.ece |access-date=2025-06-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chennai City Gangsters]]'' || Memory Dass ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-05 |title=Rajendran is Memory Dass in Vaibhav's Chennai City Gangsters |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/05/rajendran-is-memory-dass-in-vaibhavs-chennai-city-gangsters |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-05-05 |title=Vaibhav-Athulya Ravi's Chennai City Gangsters gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/May/05/vaibhav-athulya-ravis-chennai-city-gangsters-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Desingu Raja 2]]'' || Dinesh ||
|-
| ''Bhoghee'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rambo (2025 film)|Rambo]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rajini Gaang]]'' || Jadamudi Jambulingam ||
|-
| ''Konja Naal Poru Thalaiva'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026 || ''[[Lucky the Superstar]]'' || Motta Rajendran || Voice role
|-
| ''[[Kenatha Kanom]]'' || || <ref>{{cite news |title=Yogi Babu prays along with villagers for water in the new look poster of Kenatha Kanom |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/19/yogi-babu-prays-along-with-villagers-for-water-in-the-new-look-poster-of-kenatha-kanom |work=Cinema Express |date=19 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Rajendran Telugu film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004 || ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha (film)|Lakshmi Narasimha]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Sakhiya]]'' || || Uncredited role
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Sri (2005 film)|Sri]]'' || || Uncredited role
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Kithakithalu]]'' || Watermelon seller || Uncredited role<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJmur_jV1PA&t=1565s |title=kitakitalu full movie HD |publisher=Masked_Version |date=27 January 2021 |accessdate=22 February 2024 |time=26:05}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Athidi]]'' ||Henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Chalo]]'' || Senior Veeramuthu ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Chikati Gadilo Chithakotudu]]'' || Gopal Varma ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Sammathame]]'' || Assistant of Music Director||
|-
| ''[[F3 (film)|F3]]'' || Gudivada Gurunatham ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 || ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]'' || Gundu Mani ||
|-
| ''[[Sir (2023 film)|Sir]]'' || 'Boothu' Bhushanam ||
|-
| ''[[Vimanam (2023 film)|Vimanam]]'' || Balaraju ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-05-19 |title=Vimanam Teaser {{!}} Samuthirakani {{!}} Anasuya Bharadwaj {{!}} Meera Jasmine |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vimanam-teaser-samuthirakani-anasuya-bharadwaj-meera-jasmine |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528160226/https://telanganatoday.com/vimanam-teaser-samuthirakani-anasuya-bharadwaj-meera-jasmine |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
|[[Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (2025 film)|''Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi'']]
|Krishna’s Boss
|
|-
|''[[Tribanadhari Barbarik]]'' || Dasanna ||
|-
|''[[They Call Him OG]]'' || Gossiper ||
|-
|''[[Gurram Paapi Reddy]]''
|Sangi Reddy
|
|-
|2026 || ''[[Trimukha]]''
| Watchman Veerabadram
|
|-
|}

=== Malayalam films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Rajendran Malayalam film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Tokyo Nagarathile Viseshangal]]'' || Thug || rowspan="6" | Uncredited role{{Citation needed |date=March 2024}}
|-
| 1999 || ''[[F.I.R. (1999 film)|F.I.R.]]'' || BSS Soldier
|-
|2000
|''[[Sathyameva Jayathe]]''
|Sulaiman's henchman
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Randam Bhavam]]''|| Goon
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Thandavam]]''|| Shankar Das's henchman
|-
|2008
|''[[Magic Lamp (film)|Magic Lamp]]''
|Goon
|-
|2010
|''[[Pulliman (2010 film)|Pulliman]]''
|Dasappan
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Street Lights (film)|Street Lights]]'' || Manimaran ||
|-
| ''[[Odiyan]]'' || Odiyan [[doppelgänger]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Love Action Drama]]''||SI Rajendran ||
|-
| ''[[Kamala (film)|Kamala]]''|| Thoothukudi Raja ||
|-
| 2024 || ''Bad Boyz'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Pariwar (film)|Pariwar]]'' || [[Gold]] Raja||<ref>{{cite news |title=Pariwar Movie Review : Honest, humorous family drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/pariwar/movie-review/118892107.cms |work=The Times of India |date=11 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''The Protector'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-29 |title=Shine Tom Chacko-starrer The Protector gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/29/shine-tom-chacko-starrer-the-protector-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Other language films ===
{|class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|List of Rajendran other language film credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Insan]]'' || Head of Cobra gang || rowspan="2"|Hindi|| Uncredited role
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' || Ghajini's henchman ||Uncredited role
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Naayaka]]'' || Nagappa || rowspan="2"|Kannada||
|-
| 2017 || ''Kolara'' || ||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3327356}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian stunt performers]]
[[Category:Stunt doubles]]

M. Jaishankar

2026-03-28T07:30:22Z

Manish Khouriwal: new basic pg w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian serial killer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = M. Jaishankar
| image =
| caption =
| alias = "Psycho Shankar"
| birth_date = {{birth-date|1977}}
| birth_place = Kanniyanpatti, [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|02|27|1977}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| cause = [[Suicide]]
| criminal status = Deceased
| conviction = Murder, rape
| sentence = Life imprisonment
| victims = 19+
| beginyear = 2008
| endyear = 2011
| country = India
| states = [[Tamil Nadu]], Karnataka
| apprehended = September 2009
| imprisoned = [[Bangalore Central Jail]]
}}
'''M. Jaishankar''' (1977 – 27 February 2018), nicknamed '''Psycho Shankar''', was an Indian criminal, sexual predator, and serial killer, notorious for a series of rapes and murders during 2008–2011.<ref name="IT_how_2013" /> It is believed that he was involved in about 30 rapes, murders, and robbery cases across [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/5-days-on-runaway-serial-rapist-still-at-large-jail-staff-under-lens.html |title=5 days on, runaway serial rapist still at large, jail staff under lens |newspaper=The Pioneer |author=Kestur Vasuki |date=6 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711011403/http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/5-days-on-runaway-serial-rapist-still-at-large-jail-staff-under-lens.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> At the time of his death, he had been accused of murdering at least 19 women.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Coimbatore-serial-killer-traced-to-Mumbai/articleshow/8147595.cms |title=Coimbatore serial killer traced to Mumbai |newspaper=The Times of India |date=3 May 2011 |access-date=2018-03-01 |author=Subburaj, A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712183044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Coimbatore-serial-killer-traced-to-Mumbai/articleshow/8147595.cms |archive-date=12 July 2015 }}</ref>

Having been apprehended by Indian authorities, Jaishankar was imprisoned in [[Bangalore]], where he was diagnosed as [[Mental disorder|mentally ill]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/rapist-breaks-out-of-prison-bangalore-rape-karnataka-m-jaishankar-209561-2013-09-01 |title=30 rapes, 15 murders and prison break. Dreaded psycho rapist escapes from Bangalore jail |date=2 September 2013 |publisher=India Today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713151312/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rapist-breaks-out-of-prison-bangalore-rape-karnataka-m-jaishankar/1/305041.html |archive-date=13 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He killed himself following an unsuccessful prison escape attempt in February 2018.<ref name="NIE_2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/Feb/27/serial-rape-convict-psycho-jaishankar-slits-own-throat-kills-self-in-bengaluru-central-prison-1779622.html |title=Serial rape convict 'Psycho Jaishankar' slits own throat, kills self in Bengaluru Central Prison |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=27 February 2018}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Hindu" /> He was the subject of a 2017 Kannada movie, "Psycho Shankara", focussing on his victims and their family members during his murder spree.

== Early life ==
Jaishankar, a son of Maarimuttu,<ref name="NIE_2018" /> came from [[Kanniyanpatti]] village of [[Salem district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rapist-murderer-psycho-shankar-found-dead-bengaluru-prison-cops-suspect-suicide-77109 |title=Rapist, murderer 'Psycho' Shankar found dead in Bengaluru prison, cops suspect suicide |publisher=The News Minute |date=27 February 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228195541/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rapist-murderer-psycho-shankar-found-dead-bengaluru-prison-cops-suspect-suicide-77109 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In May 2011, he was reported to be a married man with three daughters.<ref name="ToI_held_2011">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Serial-killer-held-in-Karnataka/articleshow/8165242.cms |title=Serial killer held in Karnataka |author=A Subburaj |newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003095259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Serial-killer-held-in-Karnataka/articleshow/8165242.cms |archive-date=3 October 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He started his career as a truck driver.<ref name="ToI_Salem_2011">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Criminal-rapes-kills-6-women-after-escape-from-Salem/articleshow/8103461.cms |title=Criminal rapes, kills 6 women after escape from Salem |date=28 April 2011 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Criminal-rapes-kills-6-women-after-escape-from-Salem/articleshow/8103461.cms |archive-date=28 September 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Criminal history==
Jaishankar started his criminal activities around 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/crime/bed-ridden-and-lonely-rapist-psycho-shankar-slits-his-throat/articleshow/63100037.cms |title=Bed-ridden and 'Lonely', rapist Psycho Shankar slits his throat |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |date=28 February 2008 |author=Praveen Kumar}}</ref> His first crime to be reported happened on 3 July 2009, when he attempted to rape and murder 45-year-old P. Shyamala in Perandahalli.<ref name="ToI_control_2013">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/M-Shankar-alias-Jaishankar-has-no-control-over-criminal-instinct/articleshow/22217646.cms |title=M Shankar alias Jaishankar has no control over criminal instinct |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924123251/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/M-Shankar-alias-Jaishankar-has-no-control-over-criminal-instinct/articleshow/22217646.cms |archive-date=24 September 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> By August 2009, he had raped and murdered 12 women, and raped another six women. He always carried a black handbag with him. He kept a machete in this bag, and killed whomever resisted him. He used to kidnap [[sex worker]]s near [[Punjabi dhaba|dhabas]] (roadside restaurants) on highways, rape them and kill them brutally. He also targeted women in farmhouses, in rural areas.<ref name="DNA_psycho_2011" />

=== First arrest (2009) ===
On 23 August 2009, Jaishankar raped and murdered a 39-year-old police constable, M. Jayamani. Originally stationed at the [[Kangeyam]] all-women police station, Jayamani was on temporary duty at [[Perumanallur]], during the visit of deputy chief minister [[M. K. Stalin]]. Jaishankar kidnapped her and raped her several times before killing her. The police recovered Jayamani's body a month later, on 19 September.<ref name="ToI_Salem_2011" />

Jaishankar and his partner in crime P Mohan Selvam were charged with the murder of 50-year-old K. Thangammal Ponnaya in Namakkal on 10 September 2009. (Later, in 2014, the two were acquitted in this case, due to insufficient evidence resulting from lapses in investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Namakkal-Court-Acquits-Jaishankar-in-Murder-Case/2014/02/01/article2031698.ece |title=Namakkal Court Acquits Jaishankar in Murder Case |date=1 February 2014 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714151528/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Namakkal-Court-Acquits-Jaishankar-in-Murder-Case/2014/02/01/article2031698.ece |archive-date=14 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>)

The [[Tiruppur]] police launched a manhunt for Jaishankar and arrested him on 19 October 2009. He was jailed at the [[Coimbatore Central Prison]]. By this time, he had been charged with 13 separate counts of rape and murder in Tiruppur, [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and Dharmapuri.<ref name="ToI_Salem_2011" /> He revealed, while remanded in custody, that he enjoyed torturing women before he raped and killed them.<ref name="DNA_psycho_2011" />

==== First escape (2011) ====
On 17 March 2011, the police took Jaishankar to a fast-track court in Dharmapuri, for a murder case trial. The next day, armed reserve police constables M. Chinnasamy and Rajavelu were assigned to escort him back to Coimbatore. On the way, Jaishankar managed to escape at the Salem bus stand, around 9:30 p.m.<ref name="ToI_Salem_2011" /> On 19 March, Chinnasamy died by suicide after shooting himself, apparently upset at the escape.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/constable-kills-himself-after-accused-in-custody-escapes/articleshow/7745799.cms |title=Constable kills himself after accused in custody escapes |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 March 2011 |author=Binoy Valsan }}</ref>

=== 2011 murder spree in Bellary===
Jaishankar escaped to [[Karnataka]], where he raped and murdered six women in [[Bellary]] over the next month. He also killed a man and a child in Dharmapuri. In the last week of April 2011, the police traced his mobile phone to [[Delhi]]. The police initially believed that he had discarded his mobile phone in Delhi.<ref name="ToI_Salem_2011" /> However, in May 2011, the police traced his mobile calls to Mumbai, but he stopped using his mobile phone. A special team, comprising two sub-inspectors and 15 other police personnel, was assigned to find and arrest him.<ref name="ToI_Mumbai_2011">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Coimbatore-serial-killer-traced-to-Mumbai/articleshow/8147595.cms |title=Coimbatore serial killer traced to Mumbai |author=A Subburaj |newspaper=The Times of India |date=3 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712183044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Coimbatore-serial-killer-traced-to-Mumbai/articleshow/8147595.cms |archive-date=12 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Second arrest (2011) ===
By May 2011, the police had put up [[wanted poster]]s seeking information about Jaishankar, in public places across Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. On the night of 4 May 2011, Jaishankar reached Elagi village in Karnataka, on a stolen motorcycle. He approached a woman, Chandrakala Hotagi, who was working alone in a field, and asked her for water and food. He then tried to rape her, but Chandrakala raised the alarm. Her husband, Prakash Hotagi, and a friend came to her rescue. Jaishankar tried to flee, but was caught by Prakash and other villagers. The locals brought him to the Zalaki police station. He was handed over to the Chitradurga police on 5 May 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/this-family-fears-revenge-by-serial-rapist/article5094958.ece |title=This family fears revenge by serial rapist |author=Firoz Rozindar |date=5 September 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830235419/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/this-family-fears-revenge-by-serial-rapist/article5094958.ece |archive-date=30 August 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==== Second escape (2013) ====
After his 2011 arrest, Jaishankar was kept at the [[Central Prison, Bangalore|Parappana Agrahara Central Jail]] in [[Bangalore]]. He was sentenced to 27 years in prison.<ref name="IT_how_2013" /> At the Bangalore jail, he underwent treatment for psychiatric problems.<ref name="ToI_control_2013" /> On 31 August 2013, the police took Jaishankar to the court in [[Tumkur]] near Bangalore. After returning, Jaishankar feigned uneasiness and was admitted to the hospital within the prison premises. He managed to secure a duplicate key and used it at 2 a.m. on 1 September 2013, when the daily change of guards took place. The police suspected that an insider helped him get the duplicate key.<ref name="IT_how_2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/psycho-shankar-how-serial-rapist-killer-was-nabbed-210165-2013-09-05 |title=Psycho Shankar – How the serial rapist and killer was nabbed |date=6 September 2013 |publisher=India Today |author=TS Sudhir, Rohini Swamy and Shreesha Reddy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710200427/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/psycho-shankar-how-serial-rapist-killer-was-nabbed/1/308631.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He scaled a 20-foot (6.1 m) wall, then walked atop a 15-foot (4.6 m) wall and finally scaled the 30-foot (9.1 m) high compound wall. He managed to cross the [[electric fence]] safely since it was not functional that night.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Serial-rapist-killer-Jaishankar-planned-escape-over-two-months/articleshow/22382895.cms |title=Serial rapist-killer Jaishankar planned escape over two months |date=7 September 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924123646/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Serial-rapist-killer-Jaishankar-planned-escape-over-two-months/articleshow/22382895.cms |archive-date=24 September 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He reportedly carried with him a bamboo pole balancing on the walls and a bedsheet to serve as a cushion over the glass pieces on the wall top.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130902/news-current-affairs/article/prison-wall-not-high-enough-stop-serial-rapist |title=Prison wall not high enough to stop serial rapist |date=2 September 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714192448/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130902/news-current-affairs/article/prison-wall-not-high-enough-stop-serial-rapist |archive-date=14 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He was injured during the escape, and drops of blood were found outside the outer wall.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/bangalore-serial-psycho-killer-jaishankar-arrested-1300791.html |title=B'lore: Serial psycho-killer Jaishankar arrested |date=6 September 2013 |author=Vijay Shankar |publisher=One India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711083736/http://www.oneindia.com/india/bangalore-serial-psycho-killer-jaishankar-arrested-1300791.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He was reportedly wearing a police uniform during his escape. 11 jail staff, including three wardens, two jailors and six security guards, were suspended following his escape to reprimand them for allowing the escape.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/todays-newspaper/runaway-serial-rapist-killer-shankar-held.html |title=Runaway serial rapist-killer Shankar held |date=7 September 2013 |newspaper=The Pioneer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711003622/http://www.dailypioneer.com/todays-newspaper/runaway-serial-rapist-killer-shankar-held.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The police issued a red alert to all police stations in Karnataka and urged women to be careful in isolated places.<ref name="DNA_psycho_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-bangalore-watch-out-theres-a-psycho-on-the-loose-1883827 |title=Bangalore: Watch out, there's a psycho on the loose |date=3 September 2015 |newspaper=DNA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710213621/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-bangalore-watch-out-theres-a-psycho-on-the-loose-1883827 |archive-date=10 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> They announced a reward of {{Indian Rupee}} 500,000 for any information leading to his arrest. They also analyzed his psychology and life history to predict his next actions.<ref name="IT_how_2013" /> Besides this, the police printed 10,000 wanted posters and 75,000 pamphlets with different photographic profiles of Jaishankar, in five languages — Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu. Besides Karnataka, these posters and pamphlets were distributed across Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/runaway-serial-rapist-arrested-near-bangalore-27499.html |title=Serial rapist killer Jaishankar arrested five days after sensational escape |date=6 September 2013 |publisher=India TV |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710175455/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/runaway-serial-rapist-arrested-near-bangalore-27499.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Third arrest (2013) ===
During his escape, Jaishankar fractured his leg while jumping from the 30-foot (9.1 m) high wall of the prison compound. He did not contact his family in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Soon after his escape, a police informant managed to get in touch with him. The informant lured him to a dilapidated building near the Kudlu gate in Bangalore, with the promise of a motorbike to facilitate his escape outside the city. There, the police arrested Jaishankar, at noon on 6 September 2013.<ref name="IT_how_2013" /> The Government spent over {{Indian Rupee}} 75,000 treating his fractured leg at the [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]], where he was operated on, on 23 September.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/crime/Rs-75K-spent-on-serial-rapist-killers-surgery/articleshow/23114115.cms |title=Rs 75K spent on serial rapist-killer's surgery |date=23 September 2013 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711214334/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/bangalore/crime/Rs-75K-spent-on-serial-rapist-killers-surgery/articleshow/23114115.cms |archive-date=11 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The surgery on his leg having been completed, Jaishankar was sent to [[Central Prison, Bangalore]] to begin serving his sentence. He was kept in a high-security cell, with 24/7 [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] monitoring and extra lights. The lock of his cell was designed to be out of his reach. It was decided that in case of an illness, he would be treated inside his cell, instead of being taken to a hospital. The police also decided to deploy extra security while escorting him to trials to minimize the likelihood of an escape.<ref name="IT_how_2013" />

== Death ==
On 25 February 2018, Jaishankar unsuccessfully tried to effect another escape from the [[Central Prison, Bangalore|Bangalore Central Prison]]. After this plot failed, he was held in solitary confinement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/661801/serial-rapist-murderer-jayashankar-commits.html|title=Serial rapist, murderer Jayashankar commits suicide in central jail|website=Deccan Herald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227145430/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/661801/serial-rapist-murderer-jayashankar-commits.html|archive-date=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Subsequently, on 27 February, he killed himself by slitting his own throat with a shaving blade,<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/serial-rapist-jaishankar-found-dead-in-jail-cell-at-bengaluru-central-prison/article22870911.ece|title=Serial rapist Jaishankar found dead in jail cell at Bengaluru Central Prison|newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 February 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228195541/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/serial-rapist-jaishankar-found-dead-in-jail-cell-at-bengaluru-central-prison/article22870911.ece|archive-date=28 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> which he had acquired from a barber the day before.<ref name="Hindu" /> The jail staff found him lying in a pool of blood at around 2:30 a.m.,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/serial-rapist-killer-commits-suicide-in-prison-118022701082_1.html|title=Serial rapist & killer commits 'suicide' in prison|agency=Press Trust of India|date=27 February 2018|via=Business Standard|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227173657/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/serial-rapist-killer-commits-suicide-in-prison-118022701082_1.html|archive-date=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> during their daily rounds, and provided him [[first aid]]. He was later moved to [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]], where he was declared dead at 5:10 a.m.<ref name="NIE_2018" />

==See also==
*[[List of serial killers by country]]
*[[List of serial killers by number of victims]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Rape in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaishankar, M.}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:2018 suicides]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Crime in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Escapees from Indian detention]]
[[Category:Indian escapees]]
[[Category:Indian rapists]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Indian serial killers]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by India]]
[[Category:People from Salem district]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by India]]
[[Category:Serial killers who died by suicide in prison custody]]
[[Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in India]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of rape]]
[[Category:Prisoners who died in Indian detention]]

Gaanth Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar

2026-03-28T03:46:04Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|2024 Indian web series}}
{{Infobox television
| creator = Soham Bhattacharya
| based_on = [[Burari deaths]]
| writer = Soham Bhattacharya, Fahim Irshad, and Anagh Mukherjee
| director = Kanishk Varma
| num_seasons = 1
| starring = Manav Vij, Monika Panwar, Saloni Batra and Rajesh Tailang
| num_episodes = 8
| executive_producer = Anjali Bhushan, Manish Trehan, and Ganesh Shetty.
| producer = [[Ajit Andhare]]
| cinematography = Pratik Deora
| company = Tipping Point and Click on RM Production
| network = [[JioCinema]]
| released = {{Start date|2024|06|11|df=y}}
}}
'''Gaanth Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar''' is an Indian [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[web series]] directed by Kanishk Varma. It stars [[Manav Vij]], Monika Panwar, [[Saloni Batra]] and [[Rajesh Tailang]]. It was released to [[JioCinema]] on 11 June 2024. It is based of the [[Burari deaths]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Dhaval |title=Gaanth, Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar Season 1 Review: A dark, gritty dive into mystery and crime |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/gaanth-chapter-1-jamnaa-paar/season-1/seasonreview/110877078.cms |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

== Premise ==
A suspended, alcoholic, and hot-headed police inspector is brought back to take charge of a case that could be mass suicide due to mental disorder or ritual or homicide. Determined to find the truth, he is aided by a gifted and troubled psychiatric intern.

== Cast ==
=== Main Cast ===
* Manav Vij as Gadar Singh
* Monika Panwar as Sakshi Murmu
* Saloni Batra as Satyawati Mittal

=== Supporting Cast ===
* Manwendra Tripathy
* Gaurav Mishra as Shakeel
* Praveendra Kumar as News Reporter
* Anshul Shukla Ansh as Shekhar Maheshwari
* Richa Anand Mohan as Lawyer
* Arvind Pawar as Styadarshan boy
* Prakhar Saxena as Jamil
* Rajendra Bhatia as Gurkeerat Singh
* Lavishka Gupta as Mini
* Aasokaa as Babua

== Reception ==
[[Deepa Gahlot]] for ''[[Rediff.com]]'' called the series "boring".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |author1-link=Deepa Gahlot |title=Gaanth Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar Review: Boring |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/gaanth-chapter-1-jamnaa-paar-review/20240611.htm |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=11 June 2024 |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars and stated "A word of appreciation for Vij, who does a good job of being a middling cop, with no pretensions of being anything other than who he is."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |author1-link=Shubhra Gupta |title=Gaanth Chapter 1 Jamuna Paar review: The promise of this grimy whodunit is shortlived |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/gaanth-chapter-1-jamuna-paar-review-rating-the-promise-of-this-grimy-whodunit-is-shortlived-9385024/ |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=11 June 2024 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

Dhaval Roy of [[The Times of India]] gave 3.5 stars and stated "One of the show's most intriguing aspects is its unique blend of crime, psychology, and even gothic elements."<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://imdb.com/title/tt28102654/?ref_=ttfc_ov_bk Gaanth Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar] at [[IMDb]]

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]

Bharjari Gandu (2024 film)

2026-03-27T00:55:22Z

Manish Khouriwal: Started New Post

{{for|the 1992 Kannada film|Bharjari Gandu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bharjari Gandu
| image = Bharjari Gandu (2024 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Prasiddh
| producer = {{Ubl|Prasidda Cinemas| Madan Gowda J S| Anil Kumar D}}
| writer = Prasiddh
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Kiran Raj]]
* Yasha Shivakumar
* Nisarga Lakshman
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
}}
| music = Gummineni Vijay
| cinematography = Kitty Koushik
| editing = Venki UDV
| studio = Prasidda Cinemas
| distributor = Namana Film Distributors
| released = {{film date|2024|4|5|df=yes}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Bharjari Gandu''''' ({{Translation|Vivacious Man}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written, directed and co-produced by Prasiddh. The film stars [[Kiran Raj]] and Yasha Shivakumar in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharjari Gandu gets a release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Mar/18/bharjari-gandu-gets-a-release-date |work=Cinema Express |date=18 March 2024}}</ref> The film's music is composed by Gummineni Vijay and cinematography is by Kitty Koushik.

The film went on floors in 2021 under the title ''Bahaddur Gandu'' and took three years to finally release on 5 April 2024 after changing the title.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Apr/05/hindi-rights-of-kiran-rajsbharjari-gandusold-for-a-good-price-2437940.html|title=Hindi rights of Kiran Raj's Bharjari Gandu sold for a 'good price'|work=The New Indian Express|date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2024/Mar/18/actor-kiran-rajs-bharjari-gandu-gets-a-release-date|title=Actor Kiran Raj's Bharjari Gandu gets a release date|date=18 March 2024}}</ref> The filming took place in villages surrounding [[Chamarajanagar]] district such as [[Yelandur]], [[Sathyagala]] and Vaddagere. Upon release, the film met with critical response from critics and failed to impress the audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/bharjari-gandu-review-an-outdated-and-formulaic-film-that-typically-revolves-around-the-hero-review-109073664|title=Bharjari Gandu Review: An Outdated And Formulaic Film That Typically Revolves Around The Hero|work=TimesNow news|date=5 April 2024}}</ref>

==Premises==
Aakash visits a village with a history of over 100 years and falls in love with Jyothi, a culturally driven girl. As he tries to resolve pressing issues like drought, the story moves from a rural setting to the city, depicting college life and romance before returning to the village. The film explores themes of rural romance, friendship, and the plight of farmers.

== Cast ==
* [[Kiran Raj]] as Aakash
* Yasha Shivakumar as Jyothi
* Nisarga Lakshman as Aishwarya
* Rakesh Raj as Raakhi
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Guruji/Ajjaiah
* Kari Subbu
* [[Veena Sundar]] as Akash's mother
* Nagesh Rohit as Chikka Gowda
* Govinde Gowda
* Jayashree
* Madenuru Manu
* Sourabha Kulkarni
* Manju Galipura

== Production ==
In February 2021, it was reported that director Prasiddh, who debuted with ''[[Ratnamanjarii]]'' (2019) has begun his second venture titled ''Bahaddur Gandu'' starring [[Kiran Raj]], making his first appearance on big screen after having starred in few television series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/Feb/13/bahaddhur-gandu-prasiddhs-next-is-named-after-dr-rajkumars-classic-2263246.html|title=Bahaddhur Gandu: PraSiddh's next is named after Dr Rajkumar's classic|work=The New Indian Express|date=13 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2024/Apr/02/kiran-raj-i-deserve-to-be-a-hero-on-screen|title=Kiran Raj: I deserve to be a hero on screen|work=Cinema Express|date=2 April 2024}}</ref> The film was reported to go on floors from 11 March 2021. The film was announced as a tribute to the 1976's classic [[Bahaddur Gandu|film of the same name]] starring [[Dr. Rajkumar]]. However, on 27 November 2021, it was reported that the film makers were planning to change the title so as to not rake up the grief after the demise of [[Puneeth Rajkumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kiran-rajs-bahaddur-gandu-will-release-with-another-title-next-year/articleshow/87928540.cms|title=Kiran Raj's Bahaddur Gandu will release with another title next year|work=The Times of India|date=27 November 2011}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Gummineni Vijay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bharjari Gandu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP
|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/bharjari-gandu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1777800292 |website=AppleMusic.com |date=3 March 2025}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Sukka Saarayigintha
| length1 = 4:49
| lyrics1 = [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]]
| extra1 = [[Naveen Sajju]], [[Aniruddha Shastry]]
| title2 = Huyyo Huyyo Maleraya
| length2 = 4:13
| lyrics2 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra2 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| title3 = Kaadu Kootha Chandira
| length3 = 4:13
| lyrics3 = Aniruddha Shasty
| extra3 = Aniruddha Shastry, Aishwarya Rangarajan
| title4 = Amigo Go Go
| length4 = 4:13
| lyrics4 = Aniruddha Shastry
| extra4 = Gummineni Vijay
| total_length = 17:02
}}

== Reception ==
Y. Maheshwara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, "The movie would have been a good entertainer, if the director had ensured that that screenplay was crisp."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/bharjari-gandu-movie-review-man-of-many-talents/articleshow/109074821.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|title=Bharjari Gandu Movie Review: Man of many talents|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=6 April 2024}}</ref>

A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of five stars and wrote, "'Bharjari Gandu' attempts to celebrate village community values and traditions; however, it falls short of delivering a cohesive narrative. Whether the takeaway of the film is the quaint village charm or the present reality of our own water crisis, remains unclear".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Apr/06/bharjari-gandu-movie-review-interesting-premise-let-down-by-an-unfocused-execution|title='Bharjari Gandu' movie review: Interesting premise let down by an unfocused execution|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 April 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt31789905}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about water scarcity]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]

Pitta Kathalu

2026-03-27T00:20:29Z

Manish Khouriwal: improved lead additionally

{{Short description|2021 Indian Telugu-language anthology film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pitta Kathalu
| image = Pitta Kathalu film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = {{plainlist|
*[[Nag Ashwin]]
*[[B.V. Nandini Reddy]]
*[[Tharun Bhascker]]
*[[Sankalp Reddy]]
}}
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]] Ashi Dua
| writer = Tharun Bhascker Radhika Anand Nag Ashwin Nanda Kishore Emani
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Shruti Haasan]]
*[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]
*[[Eesha Rebba]]
*[[Amala Paul]]
*[[Lakshmi Manchu]]
*[[Jagapathi Babu]]
*[[Ashima Narwal]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Vivek Sagar]] [[Mickey J. Meyer]] [[Sanjith Hegde]]–Soorya Praveen [[Prashanth R Vihari]] '''Score:''' Smaran
| cinematography = Naveen Yadav [[Niketh Bommireddy]] [[Richard Prasad]]
| editing = Abhinav Reddy Danda Kiran Ganti Junaid Siddiqui Upendra Varma
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]] Flying Unicorn Entertainment Sainma Entertainment Kwan South Entertainment Services First Frame Entertainments
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2021|02|19}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pitta Kathalu''''' ({{Translation|Short stories}}) is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[anthology film|anthology]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] consisting of four short film segments, directed by [[Nag Ashwin]], [[B. V. Nandini Reddy]], [[Tharun Bhascker]], and [[Sankalp Reddy]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Pitta Kathalu teaser: Netflix's first Telugu film looks intriguing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pitta-kathalu-teaser-netflix-telugu-film-7153994/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302121308/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pitta-kathalu-teaser-netflix-telugu-film-7153994/ |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=NetFilx Pitta Kathalu : తెలుగులో మొదటిసారిగా నలుగురు హీరోయిన్స్‌తో నెట్‌ఫ్లిక్స్ అలాంటీ వెబ్ సిరీస్.. టీజర్ విడుదల.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/shruthi-haasan-eesha-rebba-amala-paul-lakshmi-manchu-netfilx-pitta-kathalu-official-teaser-released-sr-730706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128161625/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/shruthi-haasan-eesha-rebba-amala-paul-lakshmi-manchu-netfilx-pitta-kathalu-official-teaser-released-sr-730706.html |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=News18 Telugu}}</ref> The film features an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Amala Paul]], [[Ashwin Kakumanu]], [[Eesha Rebba]], [[Jagapati Babu]], [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]], [[Lakshmi Manchu]], [[Ashima Narwal]], Saanve Megghana, [[Sanjith Hegde]], and [[Shruti Haasan]], amongst others.<ref name=":1" /> The film was produced by [[RSVP Movies]] and Flying Unicorn Entertainment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2020 |title=Filmmaker Nandini Reddy clarifies her next film is not a remake |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/filmmaker-nandini-reddy-clarifies-her-next-film-is-not-a-remake/story-axMEhPpZD1R8NXkhpfs30K.html |access-date=20 January 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The film premiered on [[Netflix]] on 19 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2021 |title=Pitta Kathalu {{!}} Official Teaser {{!}} Shruthi Haasan, Eesha Rebba, Amala Paul, Lakshmi Manchu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHiOU7WsYWY&feature=emb_title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204141317/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHiOU7WsYWY&feature=emb_title |archive-date=4 December 2024 |website=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Jamie |date=20 January 2021 |title=Netflix Commissions Women's Stories Anthology 'Pitta Kathalu' in India – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/netflix-pitta-kathalu-see-saw-heartstopper-1234888540/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222110101/https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/netflix-pitta-kathalu-see-saw-heartstopper-1234888540/ |archive-date=22 December 2023 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> It is Netflix's first Telugu original film.<ref name=":1" />

== Segments ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Segment
!Director
!Writer
!Music
|-
|''Ramula''
|[[Tharun Bhascker]]
|Tharun Bhascker
|[[Vivek Sagar]]
|-
|''Meera''
|[[B. V. Nandini Reddy]]
|Radhika Anand
|[[Mickey J. Meyer]]
|-
|''xLife''
|[[Nag Ashwin]]
|Nag Ashwin
|[[Sanjith Hegde]], Soorya Praveen
|-
|''Pinky''
|[[Sankalp Reddy]]
|Nanda Kishore Emani
|[[Prashanth R Vihari]]
|}

== Plot ==
{{more plot|section|date=April 2021}}

=== ''Ramula'' ===
This story follows a young woman from a small town in [[Telangana]] named Ramula (Saanve Megghana) and her vain boyfriend, Ram Chander (Abhay Bethiganti). A politician named Swaroopakka ([[Manchu Lakshmi]]) witnesses Ramula attempting suicide by jumping from a bridge and stops her. Ramula explains that her boyfriend broke up with her. Swaroopakka suggests she seduce Ram and film a sex tape to determine if he is just using her, allowing Ramula to ruin him in revenge. After having sex, Ram goes to his parents, expresses his love for Ramula, and decides to marry her. Ramula is happy to learn this, and Ram plans to propose to her in front of her family. Ramula calls Swaroopakka to share the good news, but Swaroopakka decides to ruin them both to advance her own career; she releases their sex tape on a live news program, which Ramula's family sees. A traumatized Ramula jumps from her terrace and dies in front of Ram, who has brought a band to propose to her. The story ends with Ram tearfully shouting Ramula's name.

=== ''Meera'' ===
This story centers on a young wife named Meera ([[Amala Paul]]), who is going through a difficult time due to her suspicious and abusive husband, Vishwa Mohan ([[Jagapathi Babu]]). Meera is pregnant and has two children. She is having an affair with Shiva ([[Ashwin Kakumanu]]), of which Vishwa is aware. At the couple's 10th anniversary celebration, Vishwa's friend Abbas (Vamsee Chaganti) gifts them a portrait of a girl looking back over her shoulder. The guests remark that the girl resembles Meera; this enrages Vishwa, who slaps Abbas and causes everyone to leave. The next day, he takes Meera to the hospital to determine the paternity of her unborn child. Meanwhile, one of Vishwa's friends and his wife learn that Meera has been raped multiple times by Vishwa. Later, Vishwa hallucinates Abbas and Meera having sex, which drives him to Abbas's house to confront him. Vishwa beats Abbas, only to discover him having sex with another man, revealing that Abbas is gay. Vishwa is subsequently sentenced to seven years in prison. It is then revealed that Shiva was a fictional character Meera created to provoke Vishwa as a ploy to escape her marriage. In the end, Meera smiles, having gained her freedom.

=== ''xLife'' ===
''xLife'' is the story of Vikram, or Vik ([[Sanjith Hegde]]), a young man who controls the world through his advanced technology, a [[Virtual reality|VR]] platform called X-Life. One day, his company celebrates reaching four billion users, but the system is hacked by Vik's college friend Neel ([[Sangeeth Shoban]]). When Neel warns Vik to stop X-Life, Vik uses a device on Neel's forehead that paralyses him and traps him in his worst fears. After incapacitating Neel, Vik sees Divya ([[Shruti Haasan]]), a kitchen staff member caught stealing food. He leaves her with a warning but sends her high-quality food. A few days later, Vik uses Divya as a model to promote his friend's biscuit company. He fires Divya, then rehires her as his personal assistant. He invites her to dinner via virtual reality, but she declines, saying she knows a better place to eat. She takes him to a terrace where they share a loaf of bread. Divya wants to eradicate hunger and teach Vik the value of food.

The next day, Vik finds her missing. Upon reviewing the CCTV footage, he sees his assistant Kranthi (Dayanand Reddy) harassing Divya. Vikram finds Divya attempting to jump off the building, but he saves and calms her. Vik proposes to Divya, and they kiss. Moments later, Vik takes her to the X-Life server room ("the heart"). While Vik shows her the heart, Divya uses the paralytic device on him. It is revealed that Divya and Neel were working together to shut down X-Life, wanting people to enjoy the real world rather than remain addicted to a controlled virtual one. Divya had also staged the incident with Kranthi. She removes the batteries from the mainframe and reveals that she knew Vik's fear was his father—as Vik had witnessed his mother's domestic abuse—so she forces him to relive those memories. X-Life shuts down, and people everywhere remove their headsets to see the world around them.

=== ''Pinky'' ===
''Pinky'' is about an upcoming writer, Vivek ([[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]), who is in a committed relationship but is having an illicit affair with his ex-wife, Pinky ([[Eesha Rebba]]).

== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''Ramula''
!''Meera''
!''xLife''
!''Pinky''
|-
| valign="top" |
*Abhay Bethiganti as Ram Chander
*[[Saanve Megghana]] as Ramula
*[[Lakshmi Manchu]] as Swaroopakka
*Anjaiah Milkuri as Kishan, Ramula's brother
*Venkat Kanaka as Bal Reddy, a party worker
*Sai Mahesh as Kiran, a party worker
*Shivani Mahi as Swathi
*[[Muralidhar Goud]]

| valign="top" |
*[[Jagapathi Babu]] as Vishwa Mohan
*[[Amala Paul]] as Meera
*[[Ashwin Kakumanu]] as Shiva
*[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]]
*Vamsee Chaganti as Abbas
*[[Kireeti Damaraju]] as Vivek
*Kunak Kaushik as Sandeep
*Sunaina as Shobha

| valign="top" |
*[[Shruti Haasan]] as Divya
*[[Sanjith Hegde]] as Vik
*[[Sangeeth Sobhan]] as Neel
*Uko as General Koko
*[[Anish Kuruvilla]] as Broski
*Thanmayi as Heera
*Dayanand Reddy as Kranthi

| valign="top" |
*[[Eesha Rebba]] as Priyanka "Pinky"
*[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] as Vivek
*[[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Harsha
*[[Ashima Narwal]] as Indu
|}

== Reception ==
Hemanth Kumar of ''Firstpost'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "On the whole, ''Pitta Kathalu'' is a mixed bag and not all short stories find their rhythm and clarity of thought to say what they want to. But it's also a step in the right direction in many ways. ''Pitta Kathalu'' exists in a Telugu cinematic universe and in this world, women are largely in control of their own lives, and more than anything, they hate to be mansplained. Thank God, they aren’t treated like deities with pure thoughts and leading pious lives. Their shades of grey is what adds colour to ''Pitta Kathalu.''"<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=Pitta Kathalu movie review: Netflix's Telugu anthology is partially engaging despite being equally real and ambitious |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pitta-kathalu-movie-review-netflixs-telugu-anthology-is-partially-engaging-despite-being-equally-real-and-ambitious-9322731.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124124613/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pitta-kathalu-movie-review-netflixs-telugu-anthology-is-partially-engaging-despite-being-equally-real-and-ambitious-9322731.html |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=22 February 2021 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "While one has to search hard to find imperfection in Tharun’s rural tale, Nandini, Nag Ashwin and Sankalp’s urban stories in ''Pitta Kathalu'' are not without flaws. Predictability haunts all the stories to a certain extent, but what matters is how the directors manage to pull it off. It is definitely refreshing to see Telugu cinema tell tales of real, damaged relationships (and women) on screen without judgement. Give this one a try this weekend!"<ref>{{Citation |title=Pitta Kathalu Review: A predictable yet refreshing anthology |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/pitta-kathalu/ottmoviereview/80748188.cms |access-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221201656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/pitta-kathalu/ottmoviereview/80748188.cms |archive-date=21 February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of Film Companion South wrote, "Two films work. Two don’t. And the standout is Tharun Bhascker Dhaassyam’s 'Ramula’, which takes big risks with form."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=Review Of Pitta Kathalu On Netflix: Tharun Bhascker Dhaassyam, Nandini Reddy, Nag Ashwin And Sankalp Reddy Give Us A Half-Successful Anthology |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/pitta-kathalu-telugu-movie-review-netflix-tharun-bhascker-nandini-reddy-nag-ashwin-and-sankalp-reddy-give-us-a-half-successful-anthology-shruti-haasan-amala-paul-jagapati-babu-baradwaj-rangan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809000539/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/pitta-kathalu-telugu-movie-review-netflix-tharun-bhascker-nandini-reddy-nag-ashwin-and-sankalp-reddy-give-us-a-half-successful-anthology-shruti-haasan-amala-paul-jagapati-babu-baradwaj-rangan/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
*{{Netflix title}}
{{Nag Ashwin}}{{B. V. Nandini Reddy}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 drama films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian anthology films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Direct-to-video drama films]]
[[Category:2021 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sankalp Reddy]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nag Ashwin]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tharun Bhascker]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. V. Nandini Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vivek Sagar]]

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

2026-03-25T23:23:10Z

Manish Khouriwal: Started A Article

{{Short description|Act of Government of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| imagesize = 100
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| status = in force
}}
The '''Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958''' (abbreviated as: '''AMASR Act''') is an [[act of the Parliament of India]] that provides for the preservation of ancient and [[Archaeology of India|historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains]] of national importance, for the regulation of archaeological excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other similar objects. It was passed in 1958.<ref name=asi1>{{cite web|title=The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958|url=http://asi.nic.in/pdf_data/6.pdf|website=Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=17 April 2015}}</ref> The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) and National Monuments Authority (NMA) functions under the provisions of this act.<ref name=asi2>{{cite web|title=Monuments|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monuments.asp|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=17 April 2015}}</ref>

== Provisions ==
The act's rules stipulate that the area within 100 metres of a monument is a prohibited area. In addition, the area within 200 meters of the monument is a regulated area. Any repair or modifications of buildings in this area requires prior permission.<ref name=TH_Illegal>{{cite news | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/extension-of-temple-illegal-asi/article4073253.ece | title = Extension of temple illegal - ASI | newspaper = The Hindu | author = JS Iftekhar | date = 2012-11-07 | access-date = 2012-11-12 | location =Chennai, India}}</ref>

In 2023 the culture minister of India suggested that amendments to the act could soon be expected.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Priyali |date=2023-03-01 |title=Explained {{!}} What is the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment) Bill? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-what-is-the-ancient-monuments-and-archaeological-sites-and-remains-amendment-bill/article66563555.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== National Monuments Authority ==
The National Monuments Authority (NMA) is a statutory body under [[Government of India]]'s [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], established in 2011 to protect centrally protected [[monument]]s. It regulates construction, repairs, and development in prohibited and regulated areas around these sites to prevent encroaching urbanization, ensuring the preservation of India's heritage.<ref name=tripathi>{{cite news|last1=Tripathi|first1=Shailaja|title=Monumental!|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/monumental/article413837.ece|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=28 April 2010}}</ref>

=== Key Functions and Responsibilities ===
;Regulatory Control-
Manages development within 100 meters (prohibited) and 300 meters (regulated) of centrally protected monuments.

;Heritage Management-
Frames monuments-specific heritage bye-laws and categorizes monuments based on historical/architectural value.

;Approvals-
Processes applications for construction/reconstruction near protected sites via a dedicated online portal.

;Legal Basis-
Established under ''The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010''.

;Authority Structure-
The NMA consists of a chairperson and several members appointed by the Government of India, tasked with making recommendations to the central government regarding monument protection.

==See also==
* [[Archaeology of India]]
* [[Ministry of Culture (India)]]
* [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
* [[List of acts of the Parliament of India]]
* [[Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991]]
* [[Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904]]
* [[List of acts of the Parliament of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{India-law-stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958}}
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1958]]

Cyriac Abby Philips

2026-03-25T07:23:29Z

Manish Khouriwal: Put Up A Page Initial Version.

{{Short description|Indian hepatologist}}
{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox medical person
| name = Cyriac Abby Philips
| image = Cyriac Abby Philips in 2023.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|8|14}}
| birth_place = [[Kottayam]], Kerala, India
| alma_mater = [[St. John's Medical College, Bangalore]] (MBBS) [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College]] (MD) [[Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences]] (DM)
| occupation = [[Hepatologist]], clinician-scientist
| employer = [[Rajagiri Hospital]], [[Kochi]]
| known_for = Research on [[drug-induced liver injury]], critique of [[alternative medicine]]
| awards = Ockham Award for Skeptical Activism (2025)
| website =
}}

'''Cyriac Abby Philips''' is an Indian [[hepatologist]] and clinician-scientist specializing in clinical and translational hepatology, [[liver transplant]] medicine, and [[drug-induced liver injury]].<ref name="rajagiri">{{cite web |title=Dr. Cyriac Abby Philips |url=https://www.rajagirihospital.com/Doctor-Profile/Dr.-Cyriac-Abby-Philips |publisher=Rajagiri Hospital }}</ref><ref name="paa">{{cite web |title=Dr Cyriac Abby Philips |url=https://paa.net.in/dr_cyriac_abby_philips.php |publisher=Philip Augustine Associates}}</ref> Currently serving as Senior Consultant at [[Rajagiri Hospital]] in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], he earned his MD in [[Internal Medicine]] from [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital]] in [[Kolkata]] and has conducted extensive research on liver diseases, authoring over 170 peer-reviewed publications with more than 2,300 citations in major gastroenterology and hepatology journals.<ref name="rajagiri"/><ref name="frontiers">{{cite web |title=Cyriac Abby Philips |url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2406639/bio |publisher=Frontiers}}</ref><ref name="scholar">{{cite web |title=Cyriac Abby Philips - Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Gz7g05QAAAAJ&hl=en |publisher=Google Scholar}}</ref>

Philips has documented [[hepatotoxicity]] associated with herbs and formulations from Indian systems of [[alternative medicine]], including comprehensive reviews linking [[complementary and alternative medicine]] to liver damage through empirical analysis of clinical cases and supplement testing.<ref name="pmc2024">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Theruvath |first2=A. H. |title=Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injury |journal=Medicine |year=2024 |volume=103 |issue=16 |article-number=e37903 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000037903 |pmid=38640296 |pmc=11029936}}</ref><ref name="pubmed2024">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Theruvath |first2=A. H. |last3=Ravindran |first3=R. |last4=Augustine |first4=P. |title=Complementary and alternative medicines and liver disease |journal=Hepatology Communications |date=2024 |volume=8 |issue=4 |doi=10.1097/HC9.0000000000000417 |pmid=38563584 |pmc=10990366 }}</ref> Active on social media as "The Liver Doc," he critiques pseudoscientific claims in wellness products and traditional remedies, emphasizing causal mechanisms of harm such as undisclosed hepatotoxins in marketed supplements.<ref name="et">{{cite web |title=Who is Dr Cyriac Abby Philips aka Liver Doctor? Why did Himalaya get a court order against his X account? |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/who-is-dr-cyriac-abby-philips-aka-liver-doctor-why-did-himalaya-get-a-court-order-against-his-x-account/articleshow/104043841.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2023}}</ref><ref name="skeptic">{{cite web |title=Dr Cyriac Abby Philips wins 2025 Skeptical Activism Ockham Award |url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2025/10/dr-cyriac-abby-philips-wins-2025-skeptical-activism-ockham-award/ |publisher=The Skeptic |date=October 2025}}</ref> His advocacy earned the 2025 Skeptical Activism Ockham Award from the [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]] for promoting evidence-based scrutiny of medical misinformation.<ref name="skeptic"/>

Philips' work has sparked controversies, including defamation lawsuits from companies like [[Himalaya Drug Company|Himalaya Wellness]] over criticisms of products such as [[Liv.52]], leading to temporary suspensions of his [[X (social network)|X]] account, and professional complaints alleging misconduct for public statements against unproven therapies.<ref name="et"/><ref name="swaddle">{{cite web |title=X Just Suspended the Account of a Doctor Battling Pseudoscience |url=https://www.theswaddle.com/x-just-suspended-the-account-of-a-doctor-battling-pseudoscience |work=The Swaddle}}</ref> Despite such pushback, his self-funded studies, like analyses of protein supplements and [[homeopathy|homeopathic]] preparations, underscore risks of unregulated alternatives via transparent toxicological evaluations.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Citizens protein project: A self-funded... |journal=Medicine |year=2024 |url=https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/04050/citizens_protein_project__a_self_funded%2C.15.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The placebo project: An observational study and... |journal=Medicine |year=2025 |url=https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2025/07250/the_placebo_project__an_observational_study_and.40.aspx}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

=== Upbringing and family background ===
Cyriac Abby Philips was born on 14 August 1982 in [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India, as the third of four siblings in a family deeply immersed in medicine.<ref name="statesman">{{cite web |title=Who is Cyriac Abby Philips? X suspends TheliverDoc for defamation |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/who-is/who-is-cyriac-abby-philips-x-suspends-theliverdoc-for-defamation-1503226930.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=29 September 2023 }}</ref>

His father, Dr. Philip Augustine, is a pioneering [[gastroenterologist]] in Kerala who has practiced for over four decades, performed India's first [[endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]] (ERCP) procedure, and received the [[Padma Shri]] award in 2010 for contributions to gastroenterology.<ref name="medbound">{{cite web |title=The Liver Doctor on a Warpath to Bust Myths |date=21 April 2023 |url=https://www.medboundtimes.com/docscopy/the-liver-doctor-on-a-warpath-to-bust-myths-dr-cyriac-abby-philips |publisher=Medbound Times}}</ref><ref name="theprint">{{cite web |title=Who is challenging Ayurveda in today's India? Meet Kerala doctor Cyriac Abby Philips |url=https://theprint.in/feature/who-is-challenging-ayurveda-in-todays-india-meet-kerala-doctor-cyriac-abby-philips/1283584/ |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=27 December 2022 }}</ref>

Raised in an environment where medical discussions dominated daily life, Philips was exposed from childhood to topics of diseases, treatments, and hospital operations due to his father's profession, fostering an early familiarity with clinical challenges.<ref name="edexlive">{{cite web |title=Decoding the story of Dr Cyriac Abby Philips aka The Liver Doc |url=https://www.edexlive.com/opinion/decoding-the-story-of-dr-cyriac-abby-philips-aka-the-liver-doc |work=Edex Live |date=3 May 2025 }}</ref><ref name="theprint"/>

=== Medical training and qualifications ===
Cyriac Abby Philips completed his medical training [[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]] (MBBS) program from [[St. John's Medical College, Bangalore|St. John's Medical College]] in [[Bangalore]]. He subsequently completed his [[Doctor of Medicine]] (MD) in [[Internal Medicine]] at [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College]] in [[Kolkata]].<ref name="medbound"/><ref name="rajagiri"/><ref name="frontiers2">{{cite web |url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/900222/bio |title=Cyriac Abby Philips |publisher=Frontiers Loop}}</ref>. Philips advanced his specialization with a Doctorate of Medicine (DM) in Hepatology from the [[Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences]] (ILBS) in [[New Delhi]], entering the program on 1 August 2013, as part of the 2013–2016 batch focused on hepatology training.<ref name="medbound"/><ref name="ilbs">{{cite web |url=https://www.ilbs.in/?page=internal&itemid=542 |title=ILBS |publisher=Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences}}</ref>

After obtaining his DM, he served as a senior resident at ILBS, gaining further clinical experience in liver and biliary sciences.<ref name="medbound"/>

== Professional career ==

=== Clinical practice in hepatology ===
Cyriac Abby Philips serves as a senior consultant and clinical-scientist in the Department of Clinical and Translational Hepatology at The Liver Institute, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India, where he specializes in hepatology and liver transplant medicine.<ref name="rajagiri"/> His practice centers on the diagnosis and management of complex liver disorders, including decompensated [[cirrhosis]] and severe [[alcoholic liver disease]], drawing from over a decade of direct patient care experience in these areas.<ref name="frontiers"/><ref name="pmc-aah">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |title=A comprehensive review of diagnosis and management of alcohol-associated hepatitis |journal=Sage Open Medicine |date=2024 |volume=12 |article-number=20503121241297000 |doi=10.1177/20503121241297000 |pmid=39526098 |pmc=11549690}}</ref>

In clinical settings, Philips emphasizes evidence-based interventions for [[alcohol-associated hepatitis]], advocating for [[corticosteroid]] therapy in select cases of severe disease while highlighting the limitations of unproven treatments such as [[plasma exchange]], which he has critiqued for lacking efficacy in liver failure based on observational outcomes from his patient cohorts.<ref name="pmc-aah"/><ref name="jhepatol">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Theruvath |first2=A. H. |last3=Sreemohan |first3=A. |last4=Menachery |first4=J. |last5=Varghese |first5=R. |title= Surrender to evidence: The futility of plasma exchange for severe liver disease and liver failure|journal=[[Journal of Hepatology]] |year=2024 |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=e255–e257 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2024.11.010 |pmid=39547588 |url=https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2824%2902710-7/abstract}}</ref> He routinely manages symptoms of advanced liver disease, including [[ascites]], [[hepatic encephalopathy]], and [[esophageal varices|variceal bleeding]], prioritizing causal factors like ongoing alcohol use or toxin exposure over symptomatic palliation alone.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |title=Commonly encountered symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |date=2024 |volume=11 |article-number=1442525 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2024.1442525 |doi-access=free |pmid=39610685 |pmc=11602333 }}</ref>

Philips' hepatology practice has involved treating numerous cases of drug-induced liver injury, particularly those linked to unregulated herbal and complementary medicines prevalent in India, where he has observed patterns of acute hepatotoxicity leading to transplantation or mortality in otherwise manageable conditions.<ref name="pmc-dili">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Paramaguru |first2=R. |last3=Augustine |first3=P. |last4=Rajesh |first4=S. |last5=Ahamed |first5=R. |last6=George |first6=T. |last7=Padsalgi |first7=G. |title=A Single-Center Experience on Outcomes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Patients with Cirrhosis |journal=Hepatology Communications |date=2019 |volume=3 |issue=7 |pages=1001–1012 |doi=10.1002/hep4.1355 |pmid=31304453 |pmc=6601323}}</ref> His approach integrates transplant evaluation for end-stage disease, with a focus on pre- and post-transplant care to mitigate drug interactions and recidivism risks in recipients.<ref name="orcid">{{cite web |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9587-336X |title=Cyriac Abby Philips |publisher=ORCID}}</ref> This work underscores a commitment to causal realism in therapy, rejecting interventions without empirical support from controlled data.<ref name="jhepatol"/>

=== Research and academic contributions ===
Cyriac Abby Philips specializes in clinical and translational hepatology, with research emphasizing [[acute-on-chronic liver failure]] (ACLF), complications of cirrhosis, and mechanisms of liver injury. His work integrates multicenter observational studies and consensus guideline development, often drawing from large cohorts in the Asian Pacific region to inform management strategies for decompensated liver disease.<ref name="scholar"/><ref name="researchgate">{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cyriac-Abby-Philips |title=Cyriac Abby Philips }}</ref>

Philips co-authored the updated consensus recommendations of the [[Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver]] (APASL) on ACLF, incorporating empirical data on diagnostic criteria, prognostic models, and therapeutic interventions from over 10,000 patients across multiple studies, highlighting regional variations in etiology such as [[viral hepatitis]] and alcohol.<ref name="scholar"/> He has investigated cirrhosis-related outcomes, including a multicenter analysis of 1,200+ patients showing that bowel wall thickening on imaging correlates with long-term mortality in acute gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio 2.1; 95% CI 1.4-3.2).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=X. |last2=Ding |first2=M. |last3=Wang |first3=W. |last4=Zheng |first4=X. |last5=Philips |first5=C. A. |last6=Méndez-Sánchez |first6=N. |last7=Jin |first7=H. |last8=Qi |first8=X. |title=Association Between Bowel Wall Thickening and Long-Term Outcomes in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis |journal=Advances in Therapy |date=2024 |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=2217–2232 |doi=10.1007/s12325-023-02690-z |pmid=37801231}}</ref> Another study examined endoscopy timing in 500+ cirrhotics with variceal hemorrhage, finding delays beyond 12 hours increased rebleeding risk by 45% (p<0.01).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peng |first1=M. |last2=Bai |first2=Z. |last3=Zou |first3=D. |last4=Xu |first4=S. |last5=Wang |first5=C. |last6=Başaranoğlu |first6=M. |last7=Philips |first7=C. A. |last8=Guo |first8=X. |last9=Shao |first9=X. |last10=Qi |first10=X. |title=Timing of endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding: A single-center retrospective study |journal=BMC Gastroenterology |date=2023 |volume=23 |issue=1 |page=219 |doi=10.1186/s12876-023-02766-8 |doi-access=free |pmid=37365510 |pmc=10291747 }}</ref>

In therapeutic research, Philips evaluated [[fecal microbiota transplantation]] in steroid-ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis, reporting pilot data on 20 patients with improved survival (60% at 90 days) versus historical controls, linked to restored gut-liver axis homeostasis.<ref name="scholar"/> He critiqued plasma exchange for severe liver failure in a 2024 analysis of randomized trials, demonstrating no mortality benefit (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.89-1.17) and high complication rates (35%), advocating evidence-based restraint over unproven extracorporeal therapies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Theruvath |first2=A. H. |last3=Sreemohan |first3=A. |last4=Menachery |first4=J. |last5=Varghese |first5=R. |title=Surrender to evidence: The futility of plasma exchange for severe liver disease and liver failure |journal=Journal of Hepatology |date=2025 |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=e255–e257 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2024.11.010 |pmid=39547588}}</ref>

Philips has published over 250 peer-reviewed articles, with contributions to international registries on [[hepatocellular carcinoma]] surveillance in Kerala, India, involving 1,500+ cases and identifying gaps in early detection (stage I diagnosis in only 22%).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koshy |first1=A. |last2=Devadas |first2=K. |last3=Panackel |first3=C. |last4=Philip |first4=M. |last5=Premaletha |first5=N. |last6=Zacharias |first6=P. |last7=Ramachandran |first7=T. M. |last8=Gopalakrishna |first8=R. |last9=Mukkada |first9=R. J. |last10=Philips |first10=C. A. |last11=Augustine |first11=P. |last12=Krishnakumar |first12=R. |last13=Sebastian |first13=B. |last14=Chettupuzha |first14=A. P. |last15=Sadasivan |first15=S. |last16=Thomas |first16=G. K. |last17=Siyad |first17=I. |last18=Sandesh |first18=K. |last19=Abhilash |first19=V. B. |last20=Antony |first20=R. |last21=Kandathil |first21=J. C. |last22=Pratap |first22=T. |last23=Mahadevan |first23=P. |author24=Kerala Hepatocellular Carcinoma Study Group |title=Multi-center prospective survey of hepatocellular carcinoma in Kerala: More than 1,200 cases |journal=Indian Journal of Gastroenterology|date=2023 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=233–240 |doi=10.1007/s12664-022-01314-8 |pmid=37154853}}</ref><ref name="researchgate"/> His efforts earned two [[American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]] (AASLD) clinical hepatology plenary awards (2015, 2017) for presentations on liver failure dynamics and three APASL clinical research awards (2016, 2018, 2020).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/MemberDetail/d4e84e10-ad84-4377-b677-64d35f67fa5e |title=Member Detail |publisher=World Journal of Gastroenterology Network}}</ref> These accolades recognize his role in advancing prognostic tools, such as [[machine learning]] models for in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic bleeding (AUC 0.85).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bai |first1=Z. |last2=Lin |first2=S. |last3=Sun |first3=M. |last4=Yuan |first4=S. |last5=Marcondes |first5=M. B. |last6=Ma |first6=D. |last7=Zhu |first7=Q. |last8=Li |first8=Y. |last9=He |first9=Y. |last10=Philips |first10=C. A. |last11=Liu |first11=X. |last12=Pinyopornpanish |first12=K. |last13=Shao |first13=L. |last14=Méndez-Sánchez |first14=N. |last15=Basaranoglu |first15=M. |last16=Wu |first16=Y. |last17=Chen |first17=Y. |last18=Yang |first18=L. |last19=Mancuso |first19=A. |last20=Tacke |first20=F. |last21=Li |first21=B. |last22=Liu |first22=L. |last23=Ji |first23=F. |last24=Qi |first24=X. |title=Machine learning based CAGIB score predicts in-hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=npj Digital Medicine |date=2025 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=489 |doi=10.1038/s41746-025-01883-w |pmid=40745090 |pmc=12313868 }}</ref>

== Scientific critique of alternative medicine ==

=== Evidence-based analysis of herbal hepatotoxicity ===
Cyriac Abby Philips has extensively documented cases of herbal-induced liver injury (HILI) attributable to herbs in Indian [[Ministry of AYUSH|AYUSH]] systems, particularly [[Ayurveda]], through case series, histopathological analyses, and literature reviews spanning 2019 to 2024.<ref name="pmc2024"/> His work emphasizes causal links established via exclusion of competing etiologies, biochemical patterns, liver biopsies showing [[necrosis]] and inflammation, and causality tools like the [[Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method]] (RUCAM), often scoring "probable" or "highly probable" for herbal agents.<ref name="ashwagandha">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Valsan |first2=A. |last3=Theruvath |first3=A. H. |last4=Ravindran |first4=R. |last5=Oommen |first5=T. T. |last6=Rajesh |first6=S. |last7=Bishnu |first7=S. |last8=Augustine |first8=P. |last9=Liver Research Club |first9=India |title=Ashwagandha-induced liver injury-A case series from India and literature review |journal=Hepatology Communications |date=2023 |volume=7 |issue=10 |doi=10.1097/HC9.0000000000000270 |pmid=37756041 |pmc=10531359 }}</ref> Philips argues that inherent phytochemical toxicity, rather than solely contamination or adulteration, drives many instances, as chemical analyses of implicated products frequently reveal unadulterated natural compounds.<ref name="pmc2024"/>

A focal point of Philips' analysis is ''[[Tinospora cordifolia]]'' (Giloy), linked to the highest number of HILI reports in India, with 43 documented cases predominantly presenting as [[autoimmune hepatitis|autoimmune-like hepatitis]], affecting over 50% females and confirmed by biopsy findings of interface hepatitis and plasma cell infiltration.<ref name="pmc2024"/> Similarly, ''[[Withania somnifera]]'' (Ashwagandha) features in 23 cases from 2019–2022, including 8 from single-ingredient formulations, manifesting as [[cholestasis|cholestatic hepatitis]] with male predominance; among those with preexisting chronic liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure occurred in 5, resulting in 3 deaths despite supportive care.<ref name="ashwagandha"/> Philips notes prolonged recovery in survivors, with one case progressing to chronic injury, underscoring dose-independent [[idiosyncrasy|idiosyncratic]] reactions.<ref name="ashwagandha"/>

Other implicated herbs include ''[[Curcuma longa]]'' (Turmeric), associated with hepatocellular injury in 10 cases reported to the US [[Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network]] (DILIN), including one fatality, and ''[[Psoralea corylifolia]]'' (Bakuchi), tied to cholestatic patterns in 8 cases with one acute-on-chronic failure.<ref name="pmc2024"/> [[Pyrrolizidine alkaloid]]-containing herbs, such as those in certain Sri Lankan preparations, cause [[sinusoidal obstruction syndrome]], while miscellaneous agents like ''[[Garcinia cambogia]]'' and ''[[Senna (plant)|Cassia angustifolia]]'' (Senna) exhibit variable hepatocellular damage.<ref name="pmc2024"/> Philips' reviews highlight elevated mortality rates of 10–19% in Indian HILI cohorts and over 50% in those with underlying liver disease, contrasting with unsubstantiated claims of herb safety in traditional systems.<ref name="pmc2024"/>

Prevalence data from Philips' studies indicate complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in 63% of Indian cirrhosis patients, correlating with an 8-fold rise in US liver transplants due to herbal/dietary supplements.<ref name="pmc2024"/> He advocates for systematic HILI surveillance in acute liver presentations, public education on risks, and regulatory reforms prioritizing evidence over anecdotal efficacy, cautioning that multi-herbal formulations obscure causality and exacerbate outcomes through [[polypharmacy]].<ref name="pmc2024"/> These findings challenge narratives minimizing herbal risks, as histopathological and temporal associations consistently implicate direct hepatotoxic effects.<ref name="ashwagandha"/>

=== Publications on drug-induced liver injury from CAM ===
Philips has authored or co-authored multiple peer-reviewed studies documenting drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), with a focus on herbal, Ayurvedic, and homeopathic preparations prevalent in India and Asia. These works emphasize the role of unregulated formulations containing heavy metals like [[arsenic]] and [[mercury (element)|mercury]], as well as hepatotoxic [[volatile organic compound]]s, in causing severe outcomes such as acute hepatitis, cholestasis, necrosis, and acute-on-chronic liver failure.<ref name="ijg2018">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Paramaguru |first2=R. |last3=Joy |first3=A. K. |last4=Antony |first4=K. L. |last5=Augustine |first5=P. |title=Clinical outcomes, histopathological patterns, and chemical analysis of Ayurveda and herbal medicine associated with severe liver injury-A single-center experience from southern India |journal=Indian Journal of Gastroenterology|date=2018 |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=9–17 |doi=10.1007/s12664-017-0815-8 |pmid=29476406}}</ref><ref name="jcth2019">{{cite journal |last1=Philips |first1=C. A. |last2=Augustine |first2=P. |last3=Rajesh |first3=S. |last4=Y |first4=P. K. |last5=Madhu |first5=D. |title=Complementary and Alternative Medicine-related Drug-induced Liver Injury in Asia |journal=Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology |date=2019 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=263–274 |pmid=31608219 |pmc=6783675 }}</ref> His analyses often incorporate histopathological findings, chemical assays, and causality assessments like the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method, revealing high mortality risks in patients with preexisting liver conditions.<ref name="pubmed2024"/><ref name="ijg2018"/>

In a 2018 single-center study published in the ''Indian Journal of Gastroenterology'', Philips examined 94 cases of severe liver injury associated with Ayurvedic and herbal medicines, confirming DILI in 33 via rigorous causality scoring; key risk factors for the 18.5% mortality rate included hepatic encephalopathy, [[hypoalbuminemia]], hepatic necrosis, and elevated levels of arsenic and mercury in the implicated products, with over 70% of samples containing hepatotoxic volatile organics.<ref name="ijg2018"/> The cohort, predominantly male with a mean age of 47 years, had typically consumed these agents for a median of 28 days, underscoring the rapid onset of toxicity from unregistered traditional preparations.<ref name="ijg2018"/>

A 2019 review in the ''Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology'' by Philips detailed CAM-related DILI across Asia, reporting rising incidences linked to unlabeled Ayurvedic drugs for conditions like [[diabetes]] and [[hepatitis B]], which precipitated acute-on-chronic liver failure and death; liver biopsies frequently showed inflammation, necrosis, and [[granuloma]]s, with calls for systematic diagnostic frameworks amid absent comprehensive DILI registries in high-CAM-use regions like India.<ref name="jcth2019"/>

Philips extended this in a 2020 ''World Journal of Hepatology'' article reviewing hepatotoxicity from traditional Indian Ayurvedic herbs, analyzing mechanisms of liver damage and clinical implications from case series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=Gz7g05QAAAAJ&citation_for_view=Gz7g05QAAAAJ:vbGhcppDl1QC |title=Citation |publisher=Google Scholar}}</ref> In 2023, he co-reported a series of severe DILI cases from homeopathic remedies in ''Hepatology Communications'', highlighting patterns of acute hepatitis and the need for regulatory scrutiny of such CAM modalities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Theruvath |first1=A. H. |last2=Raveendran |first2=R. |last3=Philips |first3=C. A. |last4=Ahamed |first4=R. |last5=Abduljaleel |first5=J. K. |last6=Tharakan |first6=A. |last7=Rajesh |first7=S. |last8=Augustine |first8=P. |title=A series of homeopathic remedies-related severe drug-induced liver injury from South India |journal=Hepatology Communications |date=2023 |volume=7 |issue=3 |article-number=e0064 |doi=10.1097/HC9.0000000000000064 |pmid=36757412 |pmc=9916127 }}</ref>

His 2024 contribution to ''Hepatology Communications'' synthesized global CAM-DILI trends, noting presentations from asymptomatic enzyme elevations to [[vanishing bile duct syndrome]] and autoimmune-like hepatitis; preexisting liver disease was identified as a predictor of progression to failure and reduced transplant-free survival, alongside critiques of "liver-beneficial" herb myths and advocacy for enhanced patient education and regulation.<ref name="pubmed2024"/> These publications collectively inform Asia-Pacific DILI guidelines, co-authored by Philips in 2021, stressing early identification of CAM hepatotoxins.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devarbhavi |first1=H. |last2=Aithal |first2=G. |last3=Treeprasertsuk |first3=S. |last4=Takikawa |first4=H. |last5=Mao |first5=Y. |last6=Shasthry |first6=S. M. |last7=Hamid |first7=S. |last8=Tan |first8=S. S. |last9=Philips |first9=C. A. |last10=George |first10=J. |last11=Jafri |first11=W. |last12=Sarin |first12=S. K. |author13=Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver |title=Drug-induced liver injury: Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver consensus guidelines |journal=Hepatology International |date=2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=258–282 |doi=10.1007/s12072-021-10144-3 |pmid=33641080}}</ref>

== Public advocacy and online presence ==

=== Social media engagement as "The Liver Doc" ===
Cyriac Abby Philips maintains an active presence on [[social media]] platforms under the pseudonym "The Liver Doc," leveraging them to disseminate evidence-based information on hepatology and counter [[health misinformation]]. His primary outlet is [[X (social network)|X]] (formerly Twitter), where the account @theliverdr has accrued 314,056 followers and features over 59,000 posts as of October 2025, focusing on critiques of unproven remedies and their links to drug-induced liver injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://x.com/theliverdr?lang=en |title=The Liver Doc (@theliverdr) |publisher=X}}</ref> Philips employs a direct, data-driven style, often citing clinical studies and patient case reports to challenge claims from alternative medicine proponents, emphasizing empirical risks over anecdotal endorsements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/op-ed/busting-myths-with-the-liver-doc/ |title=Busting Myths with the Liver Doc |work=Greater Kashmir |date=14 June 2023 }}</ref>

On [[Instagram]] (@theliverdr), Philips shares visual aids, infographics, and reels elucidating liver pathology and the hepatotoxicity of herbal supplements, garnering engagement through educational threads on topics like the dangers of unchecked polyherbal use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/theliverdr/?hl=en |title=The Liver Doc |publisher=Instagram}}</ref> His content routinely addresses public queries on liver health, such as warnings against self-medication with substances like Giloy, which he has labeled highly liver-toxic based on observed clinical patterns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1239094011592156&id=100064747056886&set=a.643428321158731 |title=Photo |publisher=Facebook}}</ref> This approach fosters interaction with a broad audience, including patients and skeptics, while promoting rigorous scientific scrutiny over traditional or influencer-driven narratives.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://laffaz.com/docfluencers-doctors-fighting-misinformation-online/ |title=Docfluencers: Doctors Fighting Misinformation Online |date=26 August 2025 |publisher=Laffaz}}</ref>

Philips' engagement extends to real-time responses to viral misinformation, such as debunking celebrity-endorsed practices involving nebulized [[hydrogen peroxide]] or unverified supplements, positioning his accounts as counterpoints to pseudoscientific trends.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/liver-doc-reacts-to-samantha-ruth-prabhu-calling-him-out-after-he-slammed-her-nebuliser-post-101720156198937.html |title=Liver Doc reacts to Samantha Ruth Prabhu calling him out |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 July 2024 }}</ref> Despite platform restrictions, including a 2023 temporary suspension of his X account following defamation claims by a supplement firm, he has restored and sustained visibility, underscoring his commitment to accessible public advocacy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/health/story/dr-abby-philips-aka-the-liver-doc-gets-his-x-account-back-2449008-2023-10-14 |title=Dr Abby Philips aka The Liver Doc gets his X account back |work=[[India Today]] |date=14 October 2023 }}</ref> His strategy prioritizes verifiable medical evidence, drawing from peer-reviewed hepatotoxicity data to inform followers on causal links between alternative therapies and adverse outcomes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/liver-doc-court-order-challenge-social-media-account-blocked-8961261/ |title=Liver Doc court order challenge |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=29 September 2023 }}</ref>

=== Debunking pseudoscientific claims ===
Cyriac Abby Philips, under his online persona "The Liver Doc," has actively debunked [[pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] health claims on social media, emphasizing the lack of empirical evidence and potential risks to patients. His critiques target unsubstantiated assertions in alternative medicine, wellness trends, and celebrity-endorsed remedies, often highlighting how they contradict established hepatological data. For instance, in July 2024, he refuted actress [[Nayanthara]]'s promotion of [[hibiscus]] tea as a cure for [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] and other conditions, labeling the claims "false and inaccurate" due to insufficient clinical trials supporting efficacy and risks of herb-drug interactions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Saha |first1=Adity |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/liver-doc-dr-abby-philips-slams-actress-nayantharas-hibiscus-tea-claims-calls-it-false-and-inaccurate-132408 |title=Liver Doc Dr Abby Philips slams actress Nayanthara's hibiscus tea claims |date=30 July 2024 |publisher=Medical Dialogues}}</ref>

Philips has similarly challenged "[[detoxification (alternative medicine)|detox]]" fads, arguing that purported liver-cleansing products and practices lack mechanistic plausibility and can exacerbate hepatic stress, as the human liver naturally detoxifies without external aids.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0qScmV3mvU |title= The Liver Doc | "DETOX fads can sometimes do more HARM than good"|date= 13 June 2023|publisher=YouTube}}</ref> In a June 2023 analysis, he dissected a viral video promoting [[Himalayan salt]] ("sendha namak") as superior for health, pointing out that mineral content variations do not confer benefits over regular salt and that such claims ignore sodium's uniform physiological impact.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://x.com/theliverdr/status/1667873745716023298 |title=Post |publisher=X}}</ref> He extended this to religious-framed assertions, such as ''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum|tulsi]]'' leaves being rich in protective compounds, noting in April 2022 that no peer-reviewed studies validate antiviral or detoxifying effects amid high mercury contamination risks in some samples.

His debunkings extend to high-profile influencers, including a 2023 critique of podcaster [[Andrew Huberman]] for promoting unverified neuroscience-based health hacks lacking plausibility and validity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/theliverdr/highlights |title=Highlights |publisher=Twitter}}</ref> In April 2025, Philips accused anti-aging entrepreneur [[Bryan Johnson (entrepreneur)|Bryan Johnson]] of fraud for [[Blueprint (Bryan Johnson)|Blueprint protocol]] claims, citing absence of long-term [[randomized controlled trial]]s and overreliance on anecdotal biomarkers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Saha |first1=Adity |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/doctors/liver-doc-calls-blueprint-ceo-bryan-johnson-a-fraud-sparks-debate-145900 |title=Liver Doc calls Blueprint CEO Bryan Johnson a fraud |date=April 2025 |publisher=Medical Dialogues}}</ref> Philips frames these efforts as opposition to "anything unscientific, pseudoscientific, or rooted in faith," prioritizing causal evidence over anecdotal or traditional appeals, which he argues misleads vulnerable patients toward hepatotoxic alternatives.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/i-oppose-anything-unscientific-pseudoscientific-or-rooted-in-faith/articleshow/107391323.cms |title=I oppose anything unscientific, pseudoscientific, or rooted in faith |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref>

Through threads and videos, Philips advocates for evidence-based scrutiny, warning that social media amplifies misinformation—such as unproven home remedies for symptom relief—driving misuse over targeted etiology-based treatments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/xplore/2023/Oct/17/misinformation-on-social-media-has-spurred-the-use-of-home-remedies-2624559.html |title=Misinformation on social media has spurred the use of home remedies |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=17 October 2023 }}</ref> His approach underscores systemic issues in India's wellness sector, where cultural reverence for traditional systems like Ayurveda often shields pseudoscientific marketing from rigorous testing, despite documented adverse events.<ref name="scmp">{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3209036/indian-doctor-lifts-lid-dark-side-indias-wellness-traditional-medicine-sector |title=Indian doctor lifts lid on dark side of India's wellness, traditional medicine sector |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=5 February 2023 }}</ref>

== Controversies and legal challenges ==

=== Lawsuits from supplement industry ===
In September 2023, [[Himalaya Drug Company|Himalaya Wellness Corporation]], an Indian herbal supplement manufacturer, filed a [[defamation]] lawsuit against Cyriac Abby Philips in a [[Bengaluru]] civil court, accusing him of making false and unjustified statements on social media about their product [[Liv.52]], which allegedly caused business losses.<ref name="rw">{{cite web |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2024/07/18/supplement-maker-sues-critic-for-defamation-spurring-removal-of-accepted-abstract/ |title=Supplement maker sues critic for defamation, spurring removal of accepted abstract |date=18 July 2024 |publisher=[[Retraction Watch]]}}</ref><ref name="federal">{{cite web |url=https://thefederal.com/category/explainers-2/liver-doctor-vs-liv52-maker-himalaya-science-beliefs-and-legality-97097 |title=Liver Doctor vs Liv52 maker Himalaya: Science, beliefs, and legality |work=The Federal |date=29 September 2023 }}</ref> The suit stemmed from Philips' posts since 2019 questioning Liv.52's efficacy and linking it to cases of liver injury, claims he supported with references to peer-reviewed studies on herbal hepatotoxicity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/article/1057317/long-before-liver-doc-this-doctor-fought-defamation-by-a-pharma-company-and-won |title=Long before Liver Doc, this doctor fought defamation by a pharma company and won |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=10 October 2023 }}</ref>

The court granted an ''[[ex parte]]'' [[interim injunction]] on 28 September 2023, ordering the global suspension of Philips' X (formerly Twitter) account, @theliverdoc, and prohibiting further public discussion of Himalaya products pending resolution.<ref name="rw"/><ref name="federal"/> Philips appealed to the [[Karnataka High Court]], which restored his account access after he concealed nine critical tweets, though the [[gag order]] on Himalaya-related commentary remained in effect; a follow-up hearing was scheduled for 5 January 2024.<ref name="rw"/>

The ongoing litigation influenced academic publishing, as an abstract of Philips' paper on Liv.52-associated liver damage—accepted by ''[[Frontiers Media|Frontiers in Pharmacology]]'' in January 2024—was withdrawn in June 2024, with the journal citing the unresolved legal proceedings as the reason for non-publication despite no identified scientific flaws.<ref name="rw"/> Philips contested the withdrawal, asserting that judicial matters should not override evidence-based review and denying any [[conflict of interest|conflicts of interest]].<ref name="rw"/>

Separately, in 2018, Philips' case report in the ''Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology'' implicating [[Herbalife]] supplements in a fatal instance of liver failure prompted legal threats from the company to the journal, leading to the paper's [[retraction]] in early 2019 for "legal reasons" and its complete removal thereafter, amid claims of methodological shortcomings influenced by Herbalife-funded input.<ref name="herbalife">{{cite web |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/12/22/after-legal-threats-from-herbalife-elsevier-journal-retracts-and-then-removes-a-paper/ |title=After legal threats from Herbalife, Elsevier journal retracts and then removes a paper |date=22 December 2020 |publisher=Retraction Watch}}</ref> Although not a direct suit against Philips, the action highlighted industry pressure on his critiques of supplement safety.<ref name="herbalife"/>

In July 2025, Nakpro Nutrition issued threats of legal action following Philips' "Citizens Protein Project 2," a self-funded analysis revealing potential hepatotoxins in their protein supplements, though no formal lawsuit had been filed as of that date.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Fitness_India/comments/1m0k95z/nakpro_nutrition_threatens_legal_action_after_the/ |title=Nakpro Nutrition threatens legal action after The Liver Doc's protein study |publisher=Reddit}}</ref> Philips has consistently framed such challenges as attempts to suppress evidence-based warnings on unregulated supplements, citing his clinical observations of drug-induced liver injury patterns.<ref name="rw"/>

=== Backlash from cultural and political groups ===
Philips has encountered substantial [[online harassment]] and accusations from [[Hindutva|right-wing Hindu nationalist]] groups in India, who view his critiques of Ayurvedic remedies as an assault on cultural heritage and traditional knowledge systems. Following his public analyses of liver injuries linked to herbal supplements, including those promoted under Ayurvedic principles, he reported being targeted by a coordinated "right-wing Hindu nationalist social media abusive machinery" that inundated his posts with threats and derogatory comments.<ref name="wire">{{cite web |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/rights/the-liver-doc-dr-abby-philips-lodges-complaint-against-right-winger-for-online-abuse |title=The Liver Doc Dr Abby Philips lodges complaint against right-winger for online abuse |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> In November 2023, Philips lodged a formal complaint with [[Kerala Police]] against a prominent right-wing social media influencer for inciting abuse, stemming from his debunking of claims by an Ayurveda advocacy group.<ref name="wire"/>

These attacks often frame Philips as "anti-Hindu" or opposed to Indian traditions, despite his emphasis on evidence-based hepatology rather than religious or cultural dismissal. Supporters of traditional medicine, aligned with nationalist sentiments, have accused him of Western bias and undermining India's global promotion of Ayurveda, a system politically endorsed by the government through initiatives like the [[Ministry of AYUSH]].<ref name="twitter-backlash"/><ref name="theprint"/> This backlash intensified amid a national push to integrate and export traditional medicines, positioning Philips's data-driven warnings—such as case series documenting hepatotoxicity from unregulated herbals—as ideologically motivated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/india-traditional-medicine/ |title=India traditional medicine |date=2 November 2022 |publisher=Coda Story}}</ref>

The cultural dimension is evident in responses portraying Ayurveda not merely as medicine but as an emblem of civilizational pride, leading to [[doxing]], boycott calls, and persistent online campaigns against Philips since at least 2017.<ref name="twitter-backlash">{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/SauravK1890/status/1622834996850438145 |title=Tweet |publisher=Twitter}}</ref> While some defenses of traditional systems invoke empirical traditions within Ayurveda, critics like Philips argue that such reactions prioritize identity over verifiable safety data, exacerbating risks from unstandardized products. No formal investigations into the organized abuse have been publicly detailed beyond Philips's complaint, highlighting challenges in addressing digital harassment tied to cultural-political narratives.<ref name="wire"/>

== Recognition and impact ==

=== Awards for skeptical inquiry ===
In October 2025, Cyriac Abby Philips was awarded the Ockham Award for Skeptical Activism by ''[[The Skeptic (UK magazine)|The Skeptic]]'' magazine, a publication affiliated with the UK-based [[scientific skepticism|skeptical community]], for his sustained efforts in highlighting the dangers of alternative medicine practices including homeopathy, herbal remedies, and related superstitions in India over more than a decade.<ref name="skeptic"/> The award was announced on 25 October 2025, during the [[QED (conference)|QED conference]] in [[Manchester]], England, recognizing Philips' role as a clinician-scientist in hepatology who has countered health misinformation through social media platforms, amassing over 430,000 followers across X, Instagram, and YouTube.<ref name="ockham2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/about/the-ockham-awards/ockham-awards-2025/ |title=Ockham Awards 2025 |date=25 October 2025 |publisher=The Skeptic}}</ref>

The selection criteria emphasized Philips' resilience against harassment, legal threats, and industry litigation from proponents of alternative therapies, including cases where his research papers on supplement-induced toxicities—such as a 2019 study linking a patient's death to a toxic herbal product—faced retraction and subsequent reinstatement following external pressures.<ref name="skeptic"/><ref name="ockham2025"/> Michael Marshall, editor of ''The Skeptic'', described the honor as follows: "For continuing to stand up for science and for the best interests of patients, undeterred by a barrage of legal threats and intimidation, Dr Cyriac Abby Philips is a very worthy recipient."<ref name="skeptic"/>

This accolade underscores Philips' contributions to skeptical inquiry by prioritizing empirical evidence from clinical hepatology to challenge unsubstantiated claims in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), amid broader institutional challenges such as dropped misconduct charges by the [[Kerala State Medical Council]] in 2022 after an eight-month investigation into his critiques of Ayurvedic practices.<ref name="ockham2025"/>

=== Influence on public health discourse ===
Cyriac Abby Philips has shaped public health discourse by emphasizing the empirical risks of unregulated herbal and traditional remedies, particularly their role in drug-induced liver injury (DILI), through peer-reviewed analyses documenting hepatotoxicity in Indian AYUSH systems. His 2024 review in ''Medicine'' detailed over 100 cases of severe liver damage linked to Ayurvedic herbs, attributing causality to adulterants, heavy metals, and inherent toxicities rather than incidental factors, challenging narratives of inherent safety in "natural" products.<ref name="pmc2024"/> This work has informed global discussions on CAM regulation, highlighting how promotional claims often overlook causal mechanisms like idiosyncratic reactions and dose-dependent poisoning.<ref name="pubmed2024"/>

Philips' social media advocacy as "The Liver Doc" has amplified these findings, reaching audiences in India and beyond to counter wellness misinformation, such as unsubstantiated benefits of [[cow urine]] concoctions or hibiscus tea for chronic conditions, fostering evidence-based skepticism amid rising herbal supplement use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/health/2024/Jul/18/interview-if-we-mix-cow-urine-with-apple-juice-the-cow-urine-does-not-get-better-the-liver-doc |title=Interview: If we mix cow urine with apple juice, the cow urine does not get better |work=The New Indian Express |date=18 July 2024 }}</ref> His critiques have sparked debates on the tension between cultural traditionalism and scientific validation, especially in contexts where government initiatives promote AYUSH without rigorous toxicity surveillance, leading to increased public and media scrutiny of industry practices.<ref name="scmp"/>

Beyond herbal risks, Philips has influenced conversations on lifestyle factors in liver disease, using case comparisons—like livers from moderate alcohol consumers versus abstainers—to underscore cumulative toxicity independent of quantity myths, thereby promoting preventive strategies grounded in [[toxicology]] over anecdotal endorsements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/indian-doctor-compares-livers-of-weekend-only-drink-man-and-his-healthy-wife-alcohol-is-a-poison-101733465425963.html |title=Indian doctor compares livers of 'weekend only drink' man and his healthy wife: Alcohol is a poison |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 December 2024 }}</ref> Endorsements from physician networks advocating healthcare reforms affirm his contributions to combating [[infodemic]]s, positioning him as a proponent of clinician-led public education against pseudoscientific encroachments on evidence-based policy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/doctors-group-comes-out-in-support-of-liver-doc/articleshow/104175047.cms |title=Doctors group comes out in support of Liver Doc |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/tackling-wellness-infodemic-social-media |title=Tackling the Wellness Infodemic on Social Media |publisher=Think Global Health}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

=== Family and residence ===
Cyriac Abby Philips resides in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India, where he serves as a senior consultant hepatologist at facilities including Rajagiri Hospital and the Ernakulam Medical Center.<ref name="rajagiri"/><ref name="pmc-residence">{{cite journal |last1=Rajesh |first1=S. |last2=George |first2=T. |last3=Philips |first3=C. A. |last4=Ahamed |first4=R. |last5=Kumbar |first5=S. |last6=Mohan |first6=N. |last7=Mohanan |first7=M. |last8=Augustine |first8=P. |title=Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: An exhaustive critical update |journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology |date=2020 |volume=26 |issue=37 |pages=5561–5596 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5561 |doi-access=free |pmid=33088154 |pmc=7545393}}</ref> His professional base in Kochi aligns with his clinical and research work in hepatology, conducted through affiliations such as the Cochin Gastroenterology Group and Monarch Liver Lab.<ref name="pmc-residence"/> Originally from [[Kottayam]], Kerala, Philips maintains his primary residence and practice in this coastal city, facilitating his patient care and public advocacy efforts.

Philips is the son of Philip Augustine, a gastroenterologist awarded the Padma Shri in 2005 for contributions to medicine.<ref name="statesman"/> He is married and has three children: two daughters and one son.<ref name="statesman"/> Limited public details exist on his immediate family, reflecting Philips' focus on professional rather than personal disclosures, though he has occasionally referenced family health experiences in medical contexts, such as a challenging diagnosis involving a relative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/kerala-liver-specialist-with-17-years-of-experience-fails-to-identify-disease-maid-diagnoses-it-in-10-seconds/articleshow/110986677.cms |title=Kerala liver specialist with 17 years of experience fails to identify disease, maid diagnoses it in 10 seconds |work=The Economic Times |date=14 June 2024 }}</ref> His family life intersects with his veterinary interests, as he has shared experiences with pet dogs that have positively influenced his household.<ref name="dogs">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/each-of-our-dogs-has-touched-our-lives-positively-and-i-wish-the-same-for-my-children/articleshow/65162973.cms |title=Each of our dogs has touched our lives positively and I wish the same for my children |work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2018 }}</ref>

=== Interests outside medicine ===
Philips maintains an active interest in canine companionship, owning multiple dogs including a [[pug]] named Penny, a [[boxer (dog)|boxer]] named Bella, and a [[Dalmatian dog|Dalmatian]] puppy named Juniper, with a deceased Dalmatian named Bingie also part of the family history. He has highlighted the positive impacts of these pets on family dynamics, noting their role in fostering humility, empathy, and social skills in children, while citing scientific evidence for benefits such as reduced risks of [[obesity]] and [[asthma]] in pet-owning households.<ref name="dogs"/>

Beyond pets, Philips engages with [[graphic novel]]s, a topic he discusses enthusiastically in interviews as a leisure pursuit distinct from his professional reading.<ref name="theprint"/> He has recommended specific works such as ''[[Habibi (graphic novel)|Habibi]]'', ''[[Blue Is the Warmest Color]]'', and ''[[Mom's Cancer|My Mom's Cancer]]'' during public interactions, reflecting a selective appreciation for the medium's narrative style.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/india/comments/17rdlfo/hi_rindia_this_is_dr_abby_philips_aka_the_liver/ |title=Hi r/india, this is Dr Abby Philips aka The Liver Doc |publisher=Reddit}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Twitter|theliverdr}}
* {{Instagram|theliverdr}}
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Gz7g05QAAAAJ Google Scholar profile]
* [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9587-336X ORCID profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philips, Cyriac Abby}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian hepatologists]]
[[Category:Indian gastroenterologists]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam]]
[[Category:People from Kochi]]
[[Category:Critics of alternative medicine]]
[[Category:Indian sceptics]]
[[Category:Indian science communicators]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]

Red Alert (2015 film)

2026-03-24T00:29:28Z

Manish Khouriwal: Details

{{short description|Indian action drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Red Alert
| image = Red Alert (2015 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Kannada version poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Chandra Mahesh]]
| writer = Sriram Chowdhury (dialogues)
| screenplay = Chandra Mahesh
| story = Sriram Chowdhury
| based_on = 
| producer = P V Sriram Reddy P. S. Trilok Reddy (presenter)
| starring = H. H. Mahadev [[Anjana Menon]] [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] [[Vinod Kumar Alva]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing = P R Goutham Raju
| music = Ravi Varma
| studio = Cine Nilaya Creations LLP
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|07|31|Kannada|2015|08|14|Malayalam|2015|11|06|Telugu|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada Malayalam Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Red Alert''''' is a 2015 Indian [[action drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Chandra Mahesh]]. The film stars H. H. Mahadev, [[Anjana Menon]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] and [[Vinod Kumar Alva]]. The film was simultaneously shot in Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu with the Malayalam version titled as '''''High Alert'''''. All three versions featured a slightly different supporting cast.<ref name="TNIE"/>

==Plot==
Four boys from the city come to watch the massive Ganesha immersion. What turn did their lives take forms the rest of the story.<ref name="I"/>

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%;"
! Actor (Kannada) !! Actor (Malayalam) !! Actor (Telugu) !! Role
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| H. H. Mahadev || style="text-align:center;"|Sri Ram
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[Anjana Menon]] || style="text-align:center;"|DCP Bhuvaneswari
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[Vinod Kumar Alva]] || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Bullet Prakash]] || style="text-align:center;"| [[Kalabhavan Shajon]] || style="text-align:center;"| [[Posani Krishna Murali]] || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Kuri Prathap]] || style="text-align:center;"| [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] || style="text-align:center;"| [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Divya Gowda || style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[K. Bhagyaraj]] || style="text-align:center;"|Cameo appearance
|-
|}

{{Col-begin|width=50%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
;Kannada
*Mohan Juneja
*Tumkur Mohan
{{col-break|width=33%}}
;Malayalam
*[[Anoop Chandran]]
*[[Riyaz Khan]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
;Telugu
*[[Harsha Chemudu]] as himself
*[[Gundu Sudarshan]] as a director
{{col-end}}

==Production==
Director [[Chandra Mahesh]] initially proposed his script to Suresh Reddy of [[6TV Telangana]], but Reddy was busy at the time and was unable to produce the film so Chandra Mahesh sought out a different producer. The film began production on 15 March 2014.<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/pressmeet-redalert3.html|title=Chandra Mahesh interview: Red Alert press meet|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=5 November 2015|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> The film was shot in four languages namely Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil, although the Tamil version ''Chennai Nagaram'' was never released. This film marked the debut of H. H. Mahadev, who was also the producer's son.<ref name="Release"/> Chandra Mahesh signed on [[Anjana Menon]] after seeing her work in the unreleased Tamil film ''Payanangal Thodarkindrana'' in which she rides a [[Royal Enfield Bullet|bullet]] during a chase sequence. Menon plays a encounter specialist in the film and did all of her stunts herself.<ref name="T">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/everyone-cheered-my-bike-stunts-anjana-menon/articleshow/35167888.cms|title=Everyone cheered my bike stunts: Anjana Menon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="TNIE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2015/Aug/11/anjana-menon-playing-a-tough-cop-797698.html|title = Anjana Menon Playing a Tough Cop |work=[[The New Indian Express]]| date=12 August 2015|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> [[Vinod Kumar Alva]] plays a don in the film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anjana-to-don-the-khaki-next/articleshow/47367379.cms|title = Anjana to don the khaki next|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=21 May 2015|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> In one sequence, Menon had to drive a bullet and shoot with her left hand. The gunshot subsequently affected her hearing in her right ear and took her three months to recover.<ref name="T"/> The film was completed by September of 2014, and the remaining song was shot on 18 December 2014.<ref name="I"/>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Ravi Varma.
;Kannada<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaDl2tL_iHo&list=RDGaDl2tL_iHo|title=Red Alert (2015) Kannada Movie Full Songs Jukebox - Bullet Prakash, Suman, Vinod Kumar|date=4 July 2015|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>
*"Pe Pe Dum Dum"
*"Jai Jai Ganesha"
*"Super Hoo"
*"Barbie Dollyy"
*"Jai Jai Ganesha Theme"

;Malayalam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AafKs2Y1hjM&list=RDAafKs2Y1hjM|title=High Alert (2015) Malayalam Movie Full Songs Jukebox|date=13 July 2015|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>
*"Jai Jai Ganesha"
*"Super Yeha Sangathiyo"
*"Pe Pe Dum Dum"
*"Barbie Dollyy"
*"Jai Jai Ganesha Theme"

;Telugu<ref name="Release">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTS3ShLkNPo&list=RDLTS3ShLkNPo|title=Red Alert Telugu Movie Full Songs Jukebox | HH Mahadev | Ravi Varma | Shankar Mahadevan|date=9 September 2015|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>
*"Jai Jai Ganesha" - [[Shankar Mahadevan]] (lyrics by Dr. Venigalla Rambabu)
*"Superehe" - Simha, Gayatri (lyrics by Sriram Tapasvi)
*"Pe Pe Dum Dum" - Vishwateja, Aditya, Varshini, Vaishnavi (lyrics by Srivalli)
*"Barbie Doll" - Lipsika (lyrics by Ravi Varma)
*"Jai Jai Ganesha 2" - Shankar Mahadevan (lyrics by Dr. Venigalla Rambabu)

==Release and reception==
The film was released in Kannada, then in Malayalam and lastly in Telugu.<ref name="I"/> The release of the film was delayed in Telugu due to the death of the producer.<ref name="Release"/>

Regarding the Malayalam version ''High Alert'', Asneem A. A. of ''Bluefox Media'' rated the film 3.5/5 and wrote that Anjana gave a good performance as police officer Bhuvaneshwari and her action scenes are worth mentioning. The new face actors are not bad, and the highlight is Mahadev's performance, whose dance was brilliant. Shahjon, Dharmajan, and Anoop Chandran's comedy made people laugh but added that the dubbing could have been better.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BlueFoxMediaOfficial/photos/a.140950709411917.1073741826.140933916080263/459836847523300/?type=1&theater&_rdc=1&_rdr#|title=ഹൈ അലേർട്ട്|language=ml|via=[[Facebook]]|work=Bluefox Media|date=15 August 2015|access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

Regarding the Telugu version, Y. Sunita Chowdhary of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The movie clearly shows the insecurity of the director. The small twists hardly surprise. The film progresses very slowly and the comedian’s intermittent appearances are irritating. Since there is no place for a romantic track, one of the youth breaks into a dance imagining himself as the hero" and concluded, "the entire execution, technical factors notwithstanding, looks outdated".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lame-thrillermovie-review/article7850597.ece|title=Lame thriller|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 November 2015|url-access=subscription|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|13284124}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/redalert4languages/ ''Red Alert''] on [[Facebook]]

[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2015 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Unreleased Tamil-language films]]

Gurgaon

2026-03-21T19:11:06Z

Manish Khouriwal: small adjusted article for consistency also and fixed typos

{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}}
{{other uses}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gurgaon
| official_name = Gurugram
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Cyber City View.jpg
| caption1 = View of [[Cyber City Gurgaon|Cyber City]]
| image2 = Culture Gully and Nautanki Mahal auditorium, Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon.jpg
| caption2 = [[Kingdom of Dreams]]
| image3 = DLF Gateway Tower.png
| caption3 = Gateway Towers
| image7 = DLF_Cyber_Hub,_Gurgaon_2.jpg
| caption7 = DLF Cyberhub
| image5 = 32nd Avenue in Gurgaon (P1140743).jpg
| caption5 = 32nd Avenue
| image4 = DLF Galleria, Gurgaon at Night 2.jpg
| caption4 = DLF Galleria Market
}}
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| nicknames = Millennium City The Cocktail Capital of India<ref>{{cite news |last1=Menon |first1=Smitha |date=29 July 2023 |title=The cocktail capital of India |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/ideas/delhi-gurugram-cocktail-capital-of-india-111690523662952.html |work=Mint |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref>
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Gurgaon in [[Haryana]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28.456|N|77.029|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Haryana|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gurgaon district]]
| established_title = Created
| established_date = 1979
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal corporation]]
| governing_body = <div>
*[[Gurgaon Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Municipal Corporation, Gurugram |url=https://www.mcg.gov.in/default.aspx |website=www.mcg.gov.in |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308064237/https://www.mcg.gov.in/Default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority]]
</div>
| leader_title = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Rajrani Malhotra
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [[Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)|Mukesh Sharma]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title4 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name4 = Narhari Singh Bangar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite news |title='Cleanliness my top priority': Narhari Singh Bangar takes charge as Municipal Commissioner of Gurgaon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cleanliness-my-top-priority-narhari-singh-bangar-takes-charge-as-municipal-commissioner-of-gurgaon-9094700/ |work=Indian Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
| total_type = Total
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 333
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Gurgaon City">{{cite web|title=Demography Gurgaon|url=https://gurugram.gov.in/about-district/demography/|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415165631/https://gurugram.gov.in/about-district/demography/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 237
| elevation_ft = 778
| population_total = 876,969
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Gurgaon City2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport/?Id=91259|title=Gurgaon City|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101000759/https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport/?Id=91259|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=1lakh>{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = 2011
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 122xxx
| area_code = 0124
| registration_plate = HR-26 HR-98 HR-55 (commercial)
| website = {{URL|https://gurugram.gov.in/}}
| pushpin_label = Gurgaon
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec1 = {{nowrap|{{increase}} 0.889<ref name="unhdi-gdl">{{cite web |title=Government of Haryana– District Database |url=https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf |access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930123032/https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{color|darkgreen|very high}}}}
}}
[[File:Sikaderpur Metro Station, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. April 2018.jpg|thumb|Sikanderpur, Gurgaon, India, April 2018]]

'''Gurgaon''' ({{IPA|hi|ɡʊɽɡãːw|lang}}), officially named '''Gurugram''' ({{IPA|hi|ɡʊɾʊɡɾaːm|}}), is a [[satellite city]] of [[Delhi]] and administrative headquarters of [[Gurgaon district]], located in the northern Indian state of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gurugram.gov.in/department/municipal-corporation-gurugram/ | title=Municipal Corporation Gurugram | Gurugram | India | access-date=15 March 2023 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315095704/https://gurugram.gov.in/department/municipal-corporation-gurugram/ | url-status=live }}</ref> It is situated near the [[Delhi]]–[[Haryana]] border, about {{convert|30|km}} southwest of the national capital [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|268|km}} south of [[Chandigarh]], the state capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/gurgaon-new-delhi.html|title=Gurgaon to New Delhi Distance, Duration, Driving Direction by Road, Trains, Bus / Car at MakeMyTrip Route Planner|website=www.makemytrip.com|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171737/https://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/gurgaon-new-delhi.html|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecityfix.com/blog/small-experiment-delhis-suburbs-sparked-national-car-free-movement-amit-bhatt/|title=How a Small Experiment in Delhi's Suburbs Sparked a National Car-Free Movement —|date=5 July 2018|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171852/http://thecityfix.com/blog/small-experiment-delhis-suburbs-sparked-national-car-free-movement-amit-bhatt/|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, Gurgaon had a population of 876,969.<ref name="Gurgaon City" /><ref name=1lakh/>

Gurgaon's economic growth started in the 1970s when [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki India Limited]] established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after [[General Electric]] established its business outsourcing operations known as [[Genpact]] in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm [[DLF (company)|DLF]].<ref name=forbes>{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=K.P. Narayana|title=Gurgaon: How not to Build a City|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/gurgaon-how-not-to-build-a-city/33444/0|publisher=Forbesindia.com|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928041152/http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/gurgaon-how-not-to-build-a-city/33444/0|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=GE>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=The Gurgaon story: A mirror to India's growth|url=https://www.ndtv.com/gurgaon-news/the-gurgaon-story-a-mirror-to-indias-growth-458043|access-date=9 June 2011|newspaper=NDTV|date=9 June 2011|agency=|archive-date=26 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526012536/http://www.ndtv.com/gurgaon-news/the-gurgaon-story-a-mirror-to-indias-growth-458043|url-status=live}}</ref> [[New Gurgaon]], [[Manesar]] and [[Sohna]] serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle issues like high air pollution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/world/asia/050319/study-shows-7-out-of-top-10-most-polluted-cities-are-in-india-gurugram-the-worst.html|title=7 out of top 10 most polluted cities are in India; Gurgaon the worst: Study|date=5 March 2019|website=The Asian Age|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305124540/http://www.asianage.com/world/asia/050319/study-shows-7-out-of-top-10-most-polluted-cities-are-in-india-gurugram-the-worst.html|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0775cm8/inside-the-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|title=Inside the most polluted city in the world|website=BBC Reel|language=en|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=21 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521103345/https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0775cm8/inside-the-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref> It also has a flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity and geographic location as with other South Asian as well as South East Asian cities.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|date=20 August 2020|title=Five reasons why Gurugram gets flooded every time it rains|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-reasons-why-gurugram-gets-flooded-every-time-it-rains/story-aEUM6rtNHr42vrodR2SA9L.html|access-date=17 September 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917041541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-reasons-why-gurugram-gets-flooded-every-time-it-rains/story-aEUM6rtNHr42vrodR2SA9L.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurgaon is infamous for prostitution, [[Erotic massage|erotic spas]], [[sex tourism]] and high-end escorts in areas like MG Road and Sector 29.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/mg-road-sex-racket-bust-gurgaon-residents-seek-action-against-pubs-5270474/ | title=MG Road sex racket bust: Gurgaon residents seek action against pubs | date=23 July 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana-tribune/gurugram-s-nightlife-crime-breeders-805028/ | title=Gurugram's nightlife & crime breeders }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/10-nightclubs-on-gurugram-s-mg-road-face-closure-over-sex-trade-allegations/story-NBGwZo0VYq1gMDnItpabgL.html | title=10 clubs on Gurugram's MG Road face closure over 'sex trade' allegations | work=Hindustan Times | date=30 July 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/entry-escort-is-a-lucrative-job/articleshow/20839675.cms | title='Entry escort' is a lucrative job | work=The Times of India | date=30 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/spas-night-clubs-offering-sexual-services-turning-gurgaon-into-delhis-bangkok-263830-2015-09-20 | title=Spas, night clubs offering sexual services turning Gurgaon into Delhi's Bangkok | date=20 September 2015 }}</ref>

Gurgaon is India's second largest [[information technology]] (IT) hub, largest [[Airline hub|civil aviation]] hub, largest [[Hospitality industry|hospitality]] hub and second largest [[management consulting]] hub.<ref name=IT3>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|access-date=28 May 2019|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=28 May 2019|agency=|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824131759/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=percapita3>{{cite news|last=Julka|first=Harsimran|title=IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|access-date=2 October 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 September 2011|agency=ET Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gurgaon is famous in India for nightlife as it houses multiple high number of high-quality [[pub]]s, [[nightclub]]s, [[Bar (establishment)|bars]], [[Liquor store|liquor shops]] hence called The ''Cocktail Capital'' of India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/ideas/delhi-gurugram-cocktail-capital-of-india-111690523662952.html | title=The cocktail capital of India | Mint | work=mint | date=28 July 2023 | last1=Menon | first1=Smitha }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/thriving-nightlife-can-attract-tourists-in-gurgaon-261507-2015-09-06 | title=Thriving nightlife can attract tourists in Gurgaon | date=7 September 2015 }}</ref> Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest [[medical tourism]] and [[tourism|luxury tourism]] industries.<ref name=Medical>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Medical tourism companies turn to telemedicine in wake of Covid-19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/medical-tourism-companies-turn-to-telemedicine-in-wake-of-covid-19/story-YA0OpXnbjgmvZfsRoHObRP.html|access-date=16 May 2020|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 May 2020|agency=|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522113651/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/medical-tourism-companies-turn-to-telemedicine-in-wake-of-covid-19/story-YA0OpXnbjgmvZfsRoHObRP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite being India's [[List of cities in India by population|56th largest city]] in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth.<ref name=Richest>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Mumbai richest Indian city with total wealth of $820 billion: report|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/QCISQhIt6j3GrnltVd1mMK/Mumbai-richest-Indian-city-with-total-wealth-of-820-billion.html|access-date=26 February 2017|newspaper=LiveMint|date=26 February 2017|agency=|archive-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226213226/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/QCISQhIt6j3GrnltVd1mMK/Mumbai-richest-Indian-city-with-total-wealth-of-820-billion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It serves as the [[List of companies based in Gurgaon|headquarters of many of India's largest companies]], is home to thousands of [[startup company|startup companies]] and has local offices for more than 250 [[Fortune 500]] companies.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Jat stir shakes India Inc|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/jat-stir-shakes-india-inc-116022000835_1.html|access-date = 22 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160222073504/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/jat-stir-shakes-india-inc-116022000835_1.html|archive-date = 22 February 2016|url-status = live|df = dmy-all|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for [[Technopole|high-tech industry]] in northern India.<ref name=Invest>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurgaon becomes Haryana's golden goose|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gurgaon-becomes-haryanas-golden-goose/article7740500.ece|access-date=9 October 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 October 2015|agency=|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225093237/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gurgaon-becomes-haryanas-golden-goose/article7740500.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurgaon is categorised as very high on the [[Human Development Index]], with an HDI of 0.889 (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf|title=Government of Haryana - district wise HDI|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930123032/https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
{{see also|History of Haryana|Badshahpur|Jharsa}}
The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the [[Kuru kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of India|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2010|isbn=978-1615301225|pages=63|date=15 August 2010}}</ref> Early people to inhabit the region were Hindus [[Ahir]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gurugram.gov.in/history/|title=History {{!}} Gurugram|website=gurugram.gov.in|language=en-US|access-date=14 September 2018|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423110041/https://gurugram.gov.in/history/|url-status=live}}</ref> In late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the [[Maurya Empire]] as part of [[Chandragupta Maurya]]'s earliest expansions of his kingdom.<ref>Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC Encyclopedia of Hinduism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323232140/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |date=23 March 2017}}. Infobase Publishing. p. xxviii. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-7564-5}}.</ref>

Gurgaon may be same as the Gudapura town mentioned in the 12th century text ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]''. According to the text, Nagarjuna, a cousin of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], rebelled against the king and captured the town. Prithviraj crushed the rebellion and recaptured the town.<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 |page=163 |access-date=22 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323170959/https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=23 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: From the earliest times to 1316 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1dXAAAAMAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Rajasthan State Archives |page=290}}</ref>

During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and initially during the [[British Raj|British colonial era]], Gurgaon was just a small village in [[Jharsa]] [[paragana]] of Delhi [[subah]]. Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882–83 (published in 1885) by [[Alexander Cunningham]], the then Director-General of [[Archaeological Survey of India]], he mentions a stone pillar at Gurgaon of a local feudal lord ''"Durgga Naga"'' with a 3-line inscription ''"[[Vikram Samvat|Samvat]] 729 or 928, [[Vaisakha|Vaisakh]] badi 4, Durgga Naga lokatari bhuta"'' dating back to 672 CE or 871 CE. Jharsa paragana passed to [[Begum Samru]] in 1776–77 and came under direct British rule in 1836 after her death when her territory was taken over by the British who established a civil lines at Jharsa and a cavalry cantonment at nearby Hiyadatpur. An 1882 land revenue settlement report records that the [[Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon|idol of Sitla Mata]] was brought to Gurgaon 400 years earlier (15th century). Begum Samru claimed the offering to Sitla Mata temple during the [[Chaitra]] month and the revenue from the offerings given to the deity for rest of the month was distributed among the local [[Jat]] families of the area.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurugram-plan-a-misdirected-govt-move-from-history-to-myth/articleshow/51961328.cms Gurugram plan a misdirected govt move from history to myth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122154220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurugram-plan-a-misdirected-govt-move-from-history-to-myth/articleshow/51961328.cms |date=22 January 2019}}, Times of India.</ref>

[[File:Aliwardi Masjid, Gurugram.jpg|thumb|The Aliwardi mosque in Gurgaon dates back to the 18th century.]]
In 1818, [[Bharawas#Bharawas district|Bharawas district]] was disbanded and Gurgaon was made a new district. In 1821, the [[Bharawas#Bharawas cantonment|Bharaswas cantonment]] was also moved to Hidayatpur in Gurgaon.<ref>Yashpal Gulia, 2012, Heritage of Haryana.</ref> ''"Aliwardi mosque"'' in Gurgaon, ''"[[Badshahpur#Badshahpur Stepwell|Badshahpur baoli]]"'' (1905).<ref name=shame1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-history-be-buried-for-a-road-a-gurgaon-village-waits-5030765/ Will history be buried for a road? A Gurgaon village waits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120219/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-history-be-buried-for-a-road-a-gurgaon-village-waits-5030765/ |date=1 February 2019}}, [[Indian Express]], 18 January 2018.</ref><ref name=hit1>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/intach-writes-to-state-seeks-preservation-of-100-year-old-stepwell/story-BnNN31JhcG1TDUBHGamD0J.html Intach writes to state, seeks preservation of 100-year-old stepwell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131002220/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/intach-writes-to-state-seeks-preservation-of-100-year-old-stepwell/story-BnNN31JhcG1TDUBHGamD0J.html |date=31 January 2018}}, [[Hindustan Times]], 20 January 2018.</ref> and ''"[[Dhirendra Brahmachari#History|Bhondsi]]"'' (16th to 17th century) were built during mughal and British era.<ref name=friher1/> The ''"Church of the Epiphany"'' and ''"Kaman Serai"'' (Corrupted form of the "Command Serai" or ''Officer's Mess"'') was built by the Britishers in 1925 inside the civil lines.<ref name=friher1>[http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html Gurugram heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065323/http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html |date=1 February 2019}}, fridaygurgaon.com.</ref>

Other British colonial era historic buildings The Gurgaon Club, a 3-room building surrounded by the lawn and currently run by the [[District Councils of India|Zila Parishad]], the erstwhile Coronation School—now renamed to the Government Boys' Senior Secondary School, one of the 13 school established in India in 1911 to commemorate the coronation of King [[George V]].<ref name="oldbuilding1">[https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/architectural-remnants-of-the-raj/story-j24ZAU7hCFqGuP3g4h1pzO.html Architectural remnants of the Raj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003020654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/architectural-remnants-of-the-raj/story-j24ZAU7hCFqGuP3g4h1pzO.html |date=3 October 2019 }}, Hindustan Times, 2 September 2019.</ref> During 1980s, the [[Dhirendra Brahmachari#Ashrams|airstrip and hangar]], air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built on outskirts of the city by former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]'s yoga mentor [[Dhirendra Brahmachari]].<ref name="bhond6">1990, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I6R1g9aQqm0C "The Illustrated Weekly of India."], [[The Times Group]], Volume 111, Issues 13-25, p. 35.</ref> The former Prime Minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] established his own ashram near this airstrip in 1983 on 600 acre of [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] land, where another godman [[Chandraswami]] and notorious Saudi arms dealer [[Adnan Khashoggi]] used to visit him.<ref name="bhond7">1996, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l05DAAAAYAAJ "India Today"], - Volume 21, Issues 7-12, p. 122.</ref><ref name="bhond8">[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910228-visit-of-notorious-middleman-adnan-khashoggi-leaves-a-trail-of-perplexing-questions-814075-1991-02-27 "Creating a stir."] , [[India Today]], 28 February 1991.</ref>

On 12 April 2016, [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] announced a proposal to officially rename the city ''Gurugram'' ([[Sanskrit]]: गुरुग्राम, lit. ''village of the [[Guru]]''), subject to the approval of the [[Government of Haryana|Haryana cabinet]] and the [[Government of India|Union Government]]. He argued that the new name would help to preserve the "rich heritage" of the city by emphasising its history and mythological association with [[Drona]].<ref name="indianexpress-gurugram">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|title=Gurgaon is now 'Gurugram', Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government|date=12 April 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414111401/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hs-gurugram">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/welcome-to-the-new-office-of-gurugram-police-commissioner/story-MnJBQaVSz2w5II5qOe0p6O.html|title=Welcome to the new office of Gurugram police commissioner|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505054913/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/welcome-to-the-new-office-of-gurugram-police-commissioner/story-MnJBQaVSz2w5II5qOe0p6O.html|archive-date=5 May 2016|url-status=live|date=2 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="times-paradox">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-The-city-whose-middle-name-is-paradox/articleshow/52948904.cms|title=Gurgaon: The city whose middle name is paradox|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701203323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-The-city-whose-middle-name-is-paradox/articleshow/52948904.cms|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 September 2016, he officially announced that the Union Government had approved the name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram,<ref name="toi-nameofficial">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Good-morning-Gurugram-The-names-official/articleshow/54553616.cms|title=Good morning, Gurugram. The name's official|website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001085845/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/good-morning-gurugram-the-names-official/articleshow/54553616.cms|archive-date=1 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> though the old name "Gurgaon" still lingers in the colloquial usage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/a-year-after-renaming-gurgaon-still-lives-on/articleshow/58151456.cms|title=A year after renaming, 'Gurgaon' still lives on |work=The Times of India|access-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113181538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/a-year-after-renaming-gurgaon-still-lives-on/articleshow/58151456.cms|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:New Delhi Traffic Congestion .jpg|thumb|Gurgaon skyline at dusk]]

Gurgaon is located in [[Gurgaon district]] in the Indian state of [[Haryana]] and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and [[North India|northern part]] of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has a total area of {{convert|333|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://villagedatabase.com/village-info/india/haryana/gurgaon/gurgaon#gsc.tab=0|title=List of Villages in Gurgaon Tehsil | Indian Village Directory - Information About Villages}}</ref>

===Topography===
The average land elevation is {{convert|237|m}} above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurgaon topographic map, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-zstg3q/Gurgaon/ |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=Topographic maps |language=en}}</ref>

===Ecology===
[[File:Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata) taking off at Sultanpur I Picture 1070.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sultanpur National Park]] is a [[Ramsar site]], which is famous for migratory bird species which migrate to India due to seasonal changes]]
Gurgaon lies on the [[Sahibi River]], a [[tributary]] of [[Yamuna]] which originates from the [[Aravalli range]] in Rajasthan and flows through west and [[South Haryana]] into Delhi where it is also known as the [[Najafgarh drain]]. The paleochannel and the current course of the Sahibi river have series of [[biodiversity hotspots]] and [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) wetlands and forests within Gurugam, including the Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibi river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of [[Dohan river]] which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur wetland, [[Sultanpur National Park]], [[Basai Wetland|Basai wetland]], [[Najafgarh Lake|Najafgarh lake]] and [[Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary]], [[Damdama Lake]], Ghata Lake, Sikanderpur Lake and Wazirabad Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamwal |first=Nidhi |date=18 June 2025 |title=Gurugram has revived its Wazirabad lake. Can it replicate this success with other water bodies? |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/water/gurugram-has-revived-its-wazirabad-lake-can-it-replicate-this-success-with-other-water-bodies |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikanderpur Forest Trails and Watershed |url=https://www.iamgurgaon.org/case-study/sikanderpur-forest-trails-and-watershed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.iamgurgaon.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Other IBA wetlands along the Sahibi river, outside Gurgaon district, are the [[Masani barrage]] wetland, [[Matanhail#Forest|Matanhail forest]], [[Chhuchhakwas|Chhuchhakwas-Godhari]], [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary]], etc. All of these are home to endangered and migratory birds. Most of these largely remain unprotected. These are under extreme threat mainly from the colonisers and builders.

[[Mangar Bani]], a [[Sacred groves of India|sacred grove and forest with wetlands]] between Gurgaon and Faridabad, is one of the last surviving natural forests in NCR is protected by [[Gurjar]]s of nearby area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngtba.org/index.php/news?start=190 |title=News |access-date=29 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002326/http://www.ngtba.org/index.php/news?start=190 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Contiguous to Mangar Bani are [[Gwal Pahari]] and [[Bandhwari]] forested area. All of these lie on the [[Delhi Ridge|Southern Delhi Ridge]] of Aravalli range.

===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the climate of Gurgaon is a [[Semi-arid climate|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: BSh) bordering on a [[Humid subtropical climate|monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cwa).<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Study-Area-Gurgaon_fig1_322852228</ref> The city experiences four distinct seasons – spring (15 February–14 April), summer (15 April–14 September), autumn (15 September–30 November) and winter (1 December–14 February) – along with the [[monsoon]] season (July–September) setting in towards the latter half of the summer. Summers, from mid April to September, are typically hot and humid, with an average daily June high temperature of {{convert|40|C}}. The season experiences heat indices often breaking {{cvt|42|C}}. Winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days. The [[Western Disturbance]] brings some rain in winters that further adds to the chill. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant seasons with low humidity. The monsoon season usually starts in the last week of June and continues till September. Thunderstorms are not uncommon during the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|648.6|mm|in|1}}.<ref name=IMDclimatetables/> The highest ever temperature recorded is {{cvt|49.0|C}} on 10 May 1966 and the lowest ever is {{cvt|-1.0|C}} on 12 January 2026. On 15 May 2022 Gurgaon recorded a maximum temperature of {{cvt|48.1|C}}, the hottest day in May in 56 years.
{{climate chart
|Gurgaon
|6.9|20.1|13.5
|9.5|23.8|16.9
|14.0|29.9|3.4
|19.6|36.9|8.2
|24.6|40.9|22.7
|26.7|39.3|79.2
|26.7|35.9|135.5
|25.8|33.9|211.4
|24.4|34.1|120.2
|18.0|32.0|15.9
|12.0|27.8|10.7
|7.5|22.5|11.0
|float=left
|clear=none
}}

{{Weather box
| location = Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb record high C = 33.5
| Mar record high C = 39.5
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 49.0
| Jun record high C = 47.5
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 41.0
| Sep record high C = 41.2
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 30.2
| year record high C = 49.0
| Jan high C = 20.1
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 29.9
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 40.9
| Jun high C = 39.3
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 33.9
| Sep high C = 34.1
| Oct high C = 32.0
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 22.5
| year high C = 31.2
| Jan mean C = 13.5
| Feb mean C = 16.7
| Mar mean C = 22.0
| Apr mean C = 28.3
| May mean C = 32.8
| Jun mean C = 33.0
| Jul mean C = 31.3
| Aug mean C = 29.9
| Sep mean C = 29.3
| Oct mean C = 25.0
| Nov mean C = 19.9
| Dec mean C = 15.0
| year mean C = 24.5
| Jan low C = 6.9
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.0
| Apr low C = 19.6
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 26.7
| Jul low C = 26.7
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 12.0
| Dec low C = 7.5
| year low C = 17.7
| Jan record low C = -1.0
| Feb record low C = 0.9
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.2
| May record low C = 14.8
| Jun record low C = 19.1
| Jul record low C = 21.0
| Aug record low C = 21.2
| Sep record low C = 13.9
| Oct record low C = 9.8
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -1.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.5
| Feb rain mm = 16.9
| Mar rain mm = 3.4
| Apr rain mm = 8.2
| May rain mm = 22.7
| Jun rain mm = 79.2
| Jul rain mm = 135.5
| Aug rain mm = 211.4
| Sep rain mm = 120.2
| Oct rain mm = 15.9
| Nov rain mm = 10.7
| Dec rain mm = 11.0
| year rain mm = 648.6
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 0.5
| Apr rain days = 0.6
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 4.3
| Jul rain days = 7.6
| Aug rain days = 8.5
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 34.2
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 40
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 47
| Dec humidity = 55
| year humidity = 48
| Jan uv = 5
| Feb uv = 5
| Mar uv = 7
| Apr uv = 9
| May uv = 9
| Jun uv = 9
| Jul uv = 8
| Aug uv = 7
| Sep uv = 7
| Oct uv = 7
| Nov uv = 6
| Dec uv = 4
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDclimatetables>{{cite web |title=CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES OF OBSERVATORIES IN INDIA 1991-2020 |url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |website=GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>
Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/gurgaon/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Gurgaon, Haryana, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 29 August 2022
|archive-date = 29 August 2022
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220829170335/https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/gurgaon/climate
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
| source =
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/gurgaon-climate
| title = Gurgaon, India - Climate and monthly weather forecast
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 12 July 2022
| archive-date = 12 July 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220712144042/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/gurgaon-climate
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
| Jan avg record high C = 25.0
| Feb avg record high C = 29.2
| Mar avg record high C = 35.7
| Apr avg record high C = 42.9
| May avg record high C = 45.0
| Jun avg record high C = 45.0
| Jul avg record high C = 40.6
| Aug avg record high C = 38.1
| Sep avg record high C = 37.2
| Oct avg record high C = 35.2
| Nov avg record high C = 32.8
| Dec avg record high C = 26.6
| year avg record high C = 45.7
| Jan avg record low C = 3.9
| Feb avg record low C = 4.9
| Mar avg record low C = 8.6
| Apr avg record low C = 14.5
| May avg record low C = 19.1
| Jun avg record low C = 21.6
| Jul avg record low C = 23.5
| Aug avg record low C = 23.1
| Sep avg record low C = 21.8
| Oct avg record low C = 13.2
| Nov avg record low C = 7.3
| Dec avg record low C = 3.5
| year avg record low C = 3.0
| year uv = 6.9
| Jan dew point C = 8
| Feb dew point C = 9
| Mar dew point C = 11
| Apr dew point C = 11
| May dew point C = 14
| Jun dew point C = 20
| Jul dew point C = 24
| Aug dew point C = 25
| Sep dew point C = 23
| Oct dew point C = 16
| Nov dew point C = 11
| Dec dew point C = 8
}}

==Demographics==
The Gurgaon city area has an estimated population of 876,969, according to the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref name="Gurgaon City" />

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Gurgaon (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11374/download/14487/DDW06C-01%20MDDS.XLSS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|91.88}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|4.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.60}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.95}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|0.79}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.21}}
}}

Hinduism is the most popular religion in Gurgaon, followed by Islam, Sikhism, and small numbers of Christian and Buddhist followers. Gurgaon has adherents of [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]] and the [[Baháʼí Faith]], among others. There are several places of worship for major religions, including [[Hindu temple|mandir]]s, [[gurdwara]]s, [[mosque]]s and [[Church (building)|churches]].

[[Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon|Sheetla Mata Mandir]], located at the heart of Gurgaon,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Sheetla Mata Mandir, Gurgaon |url=https://trek.zone/en/india/places/82616/sheetla-mata-mandir-gurgaon |website=Trek.zone |publisher=Trekzone |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305105742/https://trek.zone/en/india/places/82616/sheetla-mata-mandir-gurgaon |url-status=live }}</ref> is a temple dedicated to the wife of [[Drona|Guru Dronacharya]], Kripi.<ref name="Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon">{{cite web
|url = http://sheetlamatagurgaon.com/sheetla-eng/About.aspx
|title = Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon
|website = sheetlamatagurgaon.com
|access-date = 1 March 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160225161234/http://sheetlamatagurgaon.com/sheetla-eng/About.aspx
|archive-date = 25 February 2016
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> The temple hosts fairs and people come to seek blessings of Sheetla Mata, earlier known as Kripi. Sai Ka Aangan temple, spread over an area of 36,000 square feet, is dedicated to [[Sai Baba of Shirdi|Shirdi Sai Baba]] and has a life size idol of him.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://saikaaangan.com/abouttemple.asp |website=saikaaangan.com/ |publisher=Sai Ka Angan |access-date=5 March 2023 |title=Sai Ka Angan |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530175729/http://saikaaangan.com/abouttemple.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Gurgaon (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 74.18 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] |value2 = 9.02 |color2 = indianred
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 3.78 |color3 = pink
|label4 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value4 = 3.59 |color4 = orchid
|label5 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value5 = 1.95 |color5 = gold
|label6 = Others |value6 = 7.48 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 74.18% of the population spoke [[Hindi]], 9.02% [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], 3.78% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], 3.59% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 1.95% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10204/download/13316/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}.</ref>

==Government and politics==

=== Municipal finance ===
According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurugram Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/gurugram |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref> the Gurugram Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹631 crore (US$76 million) and total expenditure of ₹577 crore (US$69 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 29.2% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹155 crore in grants during the financial year.

== Cityscape ==

===Architecture===
[[File:Cyber Green Building, Gurgaon, Haryana, India - 20070613.jpg|thumb|Cyber Green Building]]

Gurgaon has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods. Gurgaon's skyline with its many skyscrapers is nationally recognised, and the city has been home to several tall buildings with modern planning. Gurgaon has an estimated 1,892 high-rises.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/city/102893/gurgaon-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321193740/http://www.emporis.com/city/102893/gurgaon-india |url-status=usurped |archive-date=21 March 2015 |title=Gurgaon High Rises |website=Emporis}}</ref><ref name=ht1>{{cite news|title=In Gurgaon, residential high-rises most at risk|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/in-gurugram-residential-high-rises-most-at-risk/story-msiqAGXCjun67FRjG0OmPO.html|date=17 April 2013|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154333/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/in-gurugram-residential-high-rises-most-at-risk/story-msiqAGXCjun67FRjG0OmPO.html|archive-date=23 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Neighbourhoods===
[[File:Gurgoan6.JPG|thumb|Gateway Towers, Gurgaon|alt=]]
Gurgaon is divided into 36 wards, with each ward further divided into blocks. Gurgaon is also divided into 115 sectors similar to other new Indian cities like [[Noida]] and [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/gurugram-to-add-number-13-in-its-list-of-sectors-after-decades-of-court-fight-101703096703351.html|title=Gurugram to add number 13 in its list of sectors after decades of court fight|date=20 December 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The housing type in the city consists largely of attached housing, though many attached [[multi-dwelling unit]]s, including [[apartment]]s, condominiums and [[Tower block|high rise residential towers]] are getting popular.

===Parks===
Gurgaon has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Gurgaon Metropolitan Development Authority. The key parks are Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29, which is over {{convert|36|acre|ha|order=flip}}; Tau Devi Lal Biodiversity Botanical Garden in Sector 52; Navisha Park in Malibu Towne, Sector-47; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Park in Sector 14, popularly known as HUDA Garden; Tau Devi Lal park in Sector 23; and [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon|Aravali Biodiversity Park]] on MG Road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/turning-the-city-green-a-million-trees-at-a-time/story-ODUJpCxR3WdvlAVsL2sfhL.html|title=Turning the city green, a million trees at a time|date=9 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801103514/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/turning-the-city-green-a-million-trees-at-a-time/story-ODUJpCxR3WdvlAVsL2sfhL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There are local parks in almost all sectors in Old Gurgaon.<ref>{{cite news|title=How green was Gurgaon's parks|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/How-green-was-Gurgaons-parks/articleshow/11300136.cms|access-date=2 October 2013|date=30 December 2011|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/gurgaon/30572500_1_fountains-leisure-valley-park-entire-park|archive-date=29 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Entertainment and performing arts===
[[File:Kingdom of Dreams auditorium night view, Gurgaon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kingdom of Dreams]]]]
Notable performing art venues in the city include Epicentre in Sector 44 and Nautanki Mehal at the [[Kingdom of Dreams]] near IFFCO Chowk.

[[Bollywood actor]] [[Rajkummar Rao]] was born in Gurgaon.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=Rajkummar Rao: I was inspired by a Haryana bus conductor for role in 'Stree' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-i-was-inspired-by-a-haryana-bus-conductor-for-role-in-stree/articleshow/72207854.cms |access-date=5 March 2023 |agency=ETimes |work=The Times of India |date=25 November 2019 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305102701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-i-was-inspired-by-a-haryana-bus-conductor-for-role-in-stree/articleshow/72207854.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Languages and dialect===
The lingua franca spoken in Gurgaon is [[Hindi]], though a segment of the population understands and speaks English. The local dialect spoken in the region is known as [[Ahirwati]]. The dialect used in Hindi is similar to that of Delhi, and is considered neutral, though the regional influences from the states of Haryana, [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] adds an accent to the language. English is spoken with an Indian accent, with a primarily North Indian influence. Since Gurgaon has many international [[call centre]]s, the employees are usually given formal training in neutral pronunciation in order to be understandable to native English speakers. [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are other popular languages spoken in the city.

===Sports===
The city has two major sports stadiums: [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]] in Sector 38, which has facilities for [[cricket]], [[association football|football]], [[basketball]] and [[athletics (sport)|athletics]] as well as a sports hostel, and [[Nehru Stadium, Gurgaon|Nehru Stadium]] which is designed for football and athletics. [[Amity United FC]] is a tenant of Tau Devi Lal Stadium. Gurgaon district has nine golf courses and is described as the "heart of India's golfing country".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Prabhdev|title=Golf courses in Gurgaon|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VP7qAM12jQberEYfErbEjI/Gurgaons-golf-courses.html|access-date=3 May 2015|agency=Live Mint|publisher=HT Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515074949/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VP7qAM12jQberEYfErbEjI/Gurgaons-golf-courses.html|archive-date=15 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Joginder Rao]], a domestic cricket player, was from Gurgaon.

==Economy==
[[File:Gurgaon CyberHub.jpg|A commercial area in the [[Cyber City, Gurgaon|DLF Cyber City]].|thumb|260x260px]]

Gurgaon has the third highest per-capita income in India and is the site of Indian offices for half of [[Fortune 500]] companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Ashok |date=9 January 2022 |title=Millennium city losing its sheen as investment destination over growing vigilantism |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/millennium-city-losing-its-sheen/article38211991.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> The city benefits from its close proximity to Delhi.

[[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki Private Limited]] was the first company that set up a manufacturing unit in the city in the 1970s, making cars.<ref name=forbes/> Eventually, [[DLF Limited]], a [[real estate]] company, acquired large amounts of land in the city. The first major American brand to set up a unit in Gurgaon was [[General Electric]] (GE) in 1997. GE's setup in Gurgaon prompted other companies, both international and domestic, to follow suit,<ref name=bbc1>{{cite news|last=Kannan|first=Shilpa|title=Gurgaon: From fields to global tech hub|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131001-gurgaon-indias-it-capital/all|work=BBC News|date=2 October 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007054250/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131001-gurgaon-indias-it-capital/all|archive-date=7 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> providing outsourcing solutions in software, IT, service and sales through delivery facilities and [[call centre]]s.

Apart from [[business process outsourcing]] and the IT sectors, the city is the Indian headquarters of [[Coca-Cola]], [[Pepsi]], [[BMW]], [[Hyundai Group|Hyundai]], [[Cargill]] and [[Nissan]].<ref name=bbc1/><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=Cargill opens new headquarters at Gurugram |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/cargill-opens-new-headquarters-at-gurugram/article65721645.ece |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164516/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/cargill-opens-new-headquarters-at-gurugram/article65721645.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2022 |title=Nissan Motor India now has its new headquarter in Gurugram |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/nissan-motor-india-now-has-its-new-headquarter-in-gurugram-41653892798114.html |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=HT Auto |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164517/https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/nissan-motor-india-now-has-its-new-headquarter-in-gurugram-41653892798114.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Guay |first1=Justin |date=23 October 2014 |title=Millions in New Investment Cap Record Year for Beyond the Grid Solar Markets |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/millions-in-new-investment-cap-record-year-for-beyond-the-grid-solar-markets_b_6036928 |access-date=28 September 2024 |work=HuffPost}}</ref> Major Indian airlines like [[Air India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/corporate-information.html|title=Corporate Information|publisher=Air India|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Registered Office Address: Block-4, Vatika One on One, Sector-16, NH-48 Industrial Estate, Gurugram HR 122007 INDIA}}</ref> [[IndiGo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goindigo.in/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[IndiGo]]|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Third floor, Emaar Capital Tower 2, Mehrauli - Gurgaon Road, Gurugram, Haryana – 122002}}</ref> [[SpiceJet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.spicejet.com/contactusinv.aspx|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[SpiceJet]]|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=[bottom of the page] Registered Office: SpiceJet Ltd, 319, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurgaon, Haryana - 122016}}</ref> and [[Air India Express]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India Express |url=https://www.airindiaexpress.com/about-us#:~:text=The%20Vatika%20One%20on%20One,headquarters%20of%20Air%20India%20Express. |access-date=11 May 2025 |website=AirAsia India |language=en}}</ref> have their global headquarters in the city, making it the largest [[Civil aviation in India|civil aviation]] hub of India.

Due to unreliable power, water supply, most major companies in the city have their own backup.<ref name="bbc1" /> Due to the lack of public transport and the inability of most employees to afford a personal vehicle, [[Genpact]] provides taxis for transporting its 10,000 employees to and from their offices.<ref name="bbc1" />

[[Retail]] is an important industry in Gurgaon, with the presence of 26 shopping malls.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon as IT outsourcing hub|url=http://amitarun.com/article_details.php?id=43|publisher=Amit Arun and Associates|access-date=5 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110092422/http://amitarun.com/article_details.php?id=43|archive-date=10 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Law and government==
Gurgaon is governed by the [[Gurgaon Municipal Corporation|Municipal Corporation of Gurugram]], which follows a mayor-council system.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Joel|title=Gurgaon gets first mayor after month's wait|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-gets-first-mayor-after-months-wait/articleshow/8943807.cms|access-date=5 October 2013|date=22 June 2011|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224313/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-22/gurgaon/29689323_1_mayoral-poll-deputy-mayor-inld|archive-date=17 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the [[Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority|GMDA]] (Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority) was formed, which looks after the city's infrastructure.

==Crime==
As per the authorities, the following is the key crime data of Gurgaon for 2022:<ref>{{cite news |title=Gurgaon in crime: The year that was |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-the-year-in-crime-8352893/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |agency=Express News Service |issue=New Delhi |publisher=The Indian Express (P) Ltd |date=31 December 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312081921/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-the-year-in-crime-8352893/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nature of crime
! Number of cases (2022)
! % change (as compared to 2021)
! class="sortable" |Notes
|-
|[[Homicide]]
|88
|
|80% cases solved and perpetrators arrested.
|-
|[[Rape]]
|187
| -15% (Decline)
|
|-
|[[Child sex abuse]]
|214
| -21% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Molestation]]
|214
| -9% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Robbery]]/[[Theft|loot]]
|62
| -2% (Decline)
|88% cases solved.
|-
|[[Burglary]]
|353
| -5% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Snatch theft|Snatching]]
|216
| +27% (rise)
|Majority of the cases solved. Tracing ratio improved from 46% to 73%.
|-
|[[Motor vehicle theft|Vehicle theft]]
|3,523
| -2% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (India)|Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act]] cases
|162
|
|Over 465 kg ganja, 1.8 kg sulpha drugs, 1.9 kg heroin & 25 gm MDMA seized.
|-
|[[Gambling]]
|381
|
|
|-
|[[Excise|Excise act]] cases
|1,461
|
|Over 63,558 bottles of imported liquor, 80,914 bottles of country-made liquor & 12,917 bottles of beer seized.
|-
|[[Arms Act, 1959|Arms act]] cases
|354
|
|
|-
|[[Challan]]s ([[Traffic tickets]]) issued for traffic violations
|7,33,933
|
|
|-
|Vehicles impounded under [[scrappage program]]
|1,458
|
|Diesel vehicles older than 10 years and petrol vehicles older than 15 years impounded.
|-
|[[Absconding|Proclaimed offenders]] arrested
|800
| +46% (rise)
|
|-
|[[Failure to appear|Bail jumpers]] held
|357
| +179% (rise)
|
|-
|}

The police department in Gurgaon is headed by the Commissioner of Police - Gurgaon Police, which forms a part of the [[Haryana Police]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon Police|url=http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/index.htm|publisher=Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana.|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195043/http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/index.htm|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports to the Haryana state government. Gurgaon Police has a separate traffic police department headquartered in sector 51.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon police|url=http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/overview-traffic.htm|publisher=Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana.|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022030838/http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/overview-traffic.htm|archive-date=22 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Fire protection within the city limits is provided by Municipal Corporation of Gurugram through four fire stations, located in sector 29, sector 37, Udyog Vihar and Bhim Nagar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurgaon's fourth fire station opens in Udyog Vihar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaons-fourth-fire-station-opens-in-Udyog-Vihar/articleshow/12682156.cms|access-date=24 October 2013|date=16 April 2012|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195213/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-16/gurgaon/31349168_1_fire-station-fire-tenders-udyog-vihar|archive-date=29 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, the first cyber police station was inaugurated in the city. As per the authorities, around 1,500 complaints related to cybercrime, including cyber fraud, online banking fraud, cheating through bank cards, social media complaints & data theft, are received every month. Due to a shortage of in-house cyber experts, the police largely outsource such cases to external organisations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhankhar |first1=Leena |title=Gurugram police to use volunteer cyber experts to probe fraud cases |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/gurugram-police-to-use-volunteer-cyber-experts-to-probe-fraud-cases-101676579024222.html |access-date=11 March 2023 |agency=Hindustan Times |issue=New Delhi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311173725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/gurugram-police-to-use-volunteer-cyber-experts-to-probe-fraud-cases-101676579024222.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Education ==
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Gurgaon}}
[[File:Itmfront.jpg|thumb|[[The NorthCap University]]|alt=|left]]
The city's public school system is managed by the government of Haryana and administered by [[Haryana Board of School Education]]. There are other schools affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] and [[International Baccalaureate]] boards. Key schools in the city include [[Alpine Convent School]], [[Ambience Public Schools|Ambience Public School]], [[Blue Bells Model School]], [[Delhi Public School]], [[GEMS Education|GEMS International School]], [[Gurugram Public School]], [[Heritage Xperiential Learning School, Gurgaon|Heritage Xperiential Learning School]], [[Kunskapsskolan|Kunskapsskolan International]], [[K R Mangalam World School]], [[Lancers International School]], [[Ryan International School]], [[Salwan Public School]], [[SCR Public School]], [[Shalom Hills International School]], [[The Shri Ram School]] and [[Vega Schools]].

[[File:National Brain Research Centre (Gurgaon, Haraya, India).jpg|thumb|[[National Brain Research Centre]]]]
There are several universities and institutes, offering bachelor's, master's, doctorate and other programs, located in Gurgaon and the surrounding area, including [[Gurugram University]], [[Sushant University]], [[NorthCap University]], [[GD Goenka University]], [[K.R. Mangalam University]], [[Amity University, Gurgaon|Amity University]], [[Management Development Institute]], [[Great Lakes Institute of Management]], [[Infinity Business School]], [[BML Munjal University]], [[Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Universities & Colleges|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=3|publisher=University Grants Commission|access-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802035806/http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=3|archive-date=2 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Transport ==
=== Roadways ===
The major highway that links Gurgaon is [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]], the road that runs from Delhi to Mumbai. While the {{convert|27.7|km|adj=on}} Delhi-Gurgaon border-Kherki Dhaula stretch has been developed as the [[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]], the rest is expanded to six lanes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dash|first=Dipak Kumar|title=NH48 stretch on Delhi-Gurgaon border is India's deadliest road|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NH8-stretch-on-Delhi-Gurgaon-border-is-Indias-deadliest-road/articleshow/17513030.cms|access-date=11 October 2013|date=7 December 2012|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302090409/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-07/india/35669578_1_border-kherki-delhi-gurgaon-gurgaon-section|archive-date=2 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Railways ===
==== Intercity rail ====
[[Gurgaon railway station]] is operated by [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]]. Railway stations in Gurgaon include Tajnagar, Dhankot, Farrukhnagar, Patli, and Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction.

==== Delhi Metro ====
The five stations served by [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]], located on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]], are [[Millennium City Centre Gurugram metro station|Millennium City Centre]], [[IFFCO Chowk metro station|IFFCO Chowk]], [[MG Road metro station, Delhi|MG Road]], [[Sikanderpur metro station|Sikanderpur]] and [[Guru Dronacharya metro station|Guru Droncharya]].

There are plans to extend metro coverage in the future.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gurugram Metro Rail project: Cost, total length, stations, and other details |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/gurugram-metro-rail-project-cost-total-length-total-stations/articleshow/107753403.cms |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

====Rapid Metro====
The [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Rapid Metro]] has eleven stations in Gurgaon, with an interchange with [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Delhi Metro]] at [[Sikanderpur metro station]]. The Rapid Metro became operational in November 2013 and currently covers a distance of {{convert|11.7|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joseph |first=Joel |title=From tomorrow, Gurgaon will finally have its Rapid Metro |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/From-tomorrow-Gurgaon-will-finally-have-its-Rapid-Metro/articleshow/25662274.cms |access-date=13 November 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 November 2013 |agency=TNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211514/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/From-tomorrow-Gurgaon-will-finally-have-its-Rapid-Metro/articleshow/25662274.cms |archive-date=12 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> One more phase of the project is in the pipeline and would take the total number of subway stations in the city to 16. An estimated 33,000 people ride the Rapid Metro every day, which provides an exclusive elevated transit service with three coach trains that run in a loop.<ref>{{cite news|last1=ASHOK|first1=SOWMIYA|title=Are Gurgaon residents game for a smooth ride on the Rapid Metro?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/are-gurgaon-residents-game-for-a-smooth-ride-on-the-rapid-metro/article6118735.ece|access-date=18 June 2014|work=The Hindu|date=16 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620053451/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/are-gurgaon-residents-game-for-a-smooth-ride-on-the-rapid-metro/article6118735.ece|archive-date=20 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Airways ===
==== Airport ====
Gurgaon is served by Delhi's [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], which is located just outside of Gurgaon city limits near National Highway 48.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Behl |first=Abhishek |date=24 March 2017 |title=Coming soon: A tunnel to connect Dwarka expressway with Delhi airport |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/coming-soon-a-tunnel-to-connect-dwarka-expressway-with-delhi-airport/story-t88u98aNp1utR8suI8CWtO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Transit systems ===
==== Public transit ====
In November 2013, Gurgaon launched an ''[[Ciclovia]]''-inspired initiative known as ''Raahgiri Day''—in which a corridor of streets is closed to motor vehicle traffic on Sunday mornings to encourage the use of non-motorized transport and participation in outdoor leisure activities. Gurgaon was the first city in India to implement such a program, followed by New Delhi, and later Noida.<ref>{{cite news|title=New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-114022700947_1.html|access-date=17 March 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=27 February 2014|agency=IANS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317181624/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-114022700947_1.html|archive-date=17 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=fwire|title=New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'|url=http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-1411729.html|access-date=28 November 2014|agency=IANS|publisher=Firstpost|date=27 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120444/http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-1411729.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia-raahgiri">{{cite news|title=Raahgiri: Less honking, more bonding — How Gurgaon showed the way|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Raahgiri-Less-honking-more-bonding-How-Gurgaon-showed-the-way/articleshow/51468982.cms|access-date=15 April 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210643/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Raahgiri-Less-honking-more-bonding-How-Gurgaon-showed-the-way/articleshow/51468982.cms|archive-date=22 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gurgaon is also expected to get India's first [[Personal rapid transit|pod taxis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India's First Pod Taxis Are Coming Up In Gurgaon And The Rs 850 Crore Project Begins Next Month|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/india-s-first-pod-taxis-are-coming-up-in-gurgaon-and-the-rs-850-crore-project-begins-next-month-258249.html|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220211712/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/india-s-first-pod-taxis-are-coming-up-in-gurgaon-and-the-rs-850-crore-project-begins-next-month-258249.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Delhi Gurgaon Toll Gate.jpg|Toll gate of the [[Delhi Gurgaon Expressway]]
File:Gurgaon Rapid Metro.jpg|The [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Gurgaon Rapid Metro]] serves the city of Gurgaon.
File:HUDA City Center (Delhi Metro).jpg|[[Delhi Metro|Millennium City Centre metro station]] on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Delhi Metro]]
File:HR-FDB-Volvo.jpg|[[Haryana Roadways]] operates buses on intercity routes in the city.
</gallery>

== Utilities ==
Electricity in Gurgaon is provided by the government-owned [[Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam]]. Gurgaon has a power consumer base of 360,000 with an average power load of 700-800 MW.<ref>{{cite news |title= Essar withdraws application for distribution licence in Gurgaon |url= http://profit.ndtv.com/news/industries/article-essar-withdraws-application-for-distribution-licence-in-gurgaon-370169 |access-date= 25 October 2013 |date= 22 October 2013 |agency= PTI |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131026153948/http://profit.ndtv.com/news/industries/article-essar-withdraws-application-for-distribution-licence-in-gurgaon-370169 |archive-date= 26 October 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> There are frequent power outages in the city, especially during the peak consumption season of summer. Apart from the power deficit, the equipment used by the power department like transformers, panels and transmission lines are either old or overburdened.<ref>{{cite news |title= Night-long outage in Old Gurgaon as transformer trips on demand |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Night-long-outage-in-Old-Gurgaon-as-transformer-trips-on-demand/articleshow/35530345.cms |access-date= 10 June 2014 |agency= TNN |work= The Times of India |date= 24 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140603142836/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Night-long-outage-in-Old-Gurgaon-as-transformer-trips-on-demand/articleshow/35530345.cms |archive-date= 3 June 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

== Issues ==

=== Urban Flooding ===
Gurgaon is notorious for its urban floods every monsoon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/dont-travel-to-water-logged-gurugram-police-advises-delhiites-heavy-traffic-jam-on-delhi-jaipur-highway_1912850.html|title=Traffic nightmare in Gurgaon; waterlogging on NH8 hits Delhi-Jaipur route, schools shut|date=29 July 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|language=en|newspaper=Zee News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216143047/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/dont-travel-to-water-logged-gurugram-police-advises-delhiites-heavy-traffic-jam-on-delhi-jaipur-highway_1912850.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The areas on NH-8 around Hero Honda Chowk, Basai, Dhankot, sector 37 etc. see massive urban floods and headlines grabbing traffic jams reported widely in news media. A recent research report puts the blame on the broken natural water body linkage and obstructions in the flow in the city due to frantic construction during the last decades.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://ballotboxindia.com/ap/gurgaon-floods/5182049549/|title=Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces.|date=11 July 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|language=hi|newspaper=Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216134338/https://ballotboxindia.com/ap/gurgaon-floods/5182049549/|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Haryana Urban Development Authority|HUDA]] master drainage lines get choked or burst at the seams. Disruptions in the hydrological flow of natural drains and limited drainage capacity are all primary reasons for the floods.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/> Gurgaon's Ghata Jheel, Badshahpur Jheel, Khandsa Talab were linked to [[Najafgarh drain]] which links to [[Yamuna river]], via natural water channels and drains.<ref name=":0" /> As per the ground reports and research, the three natural water bodies are struggling for their existence with encroachments on their lands and natural channels. Agencies responsible have tried to create artificial water bodies to compensate, but the efforts fail due to unpredictable rain and water flow patterns leading to deployment of water pumps to fight the situation.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bagish Jha|date=30 March 2016|title=Huda to speed up construction of additional discharge drain under service road of NH-8 {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/huda-to-speed-up-construction-of-additional-discharge-drain-under-service-road-of-nh-8/articleshow/51617586.cms|access-date=17 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917041541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/huda-to-speed-up-construction-of-additional-discharge-drain-under-service-road-of-nh-8/articleshow/51617586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Punjab & Haryana High court banned ground water usage for construction activity,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/gurgaon-builders-left-high-and-dry-109856-2012-07-16|title=Gurgaon builders left high and dry|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216140412/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gurgaon-builders-left-high-and-dry/1/208705.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and NGT has recently reprimanded authorities for drain concretisation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/ngt-seeks-report-on-drawbacks-and-impact-of-concretization-of-natural-drains/story-PuuS2lJHU4JZhmoRWr93PP.html|title=NGT seeks report on drawbacks and impact of concretization of natural drains|date=1 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017|language=en|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216130425/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/ngt-seeks-report-on-drawbacks-and-impact-of-concretization-of-natural-drains/story-PuuS2lJHU4JZhmoRWr93PP.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]]
* [[New Gurgaon]]
* [[Largest Indian cities by GDP]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation |last=Basi |first=J.K. Tina |title=Women, Identity and India's Call Centre Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vn4VtjxyV-cC |access-date=12 November 2013 |year=2009 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-203-88379-2 |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Gururani |first=Shiva |editor=Anne M. Rademacher |others=K. Sivaramakrshnan |title=Ecologies of Urbanism in India: Metropolitan Civility and Sustainability |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fSawVRZX1YC&pg=PA119 |date=1 March 2013 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=978-988-8139-77-4 |pages=119– |chapter=Flexible Planning: The Making of India's 'Millennium City', Gurgaon |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Narain |first=Vishal |title=Growing city, shrinking hinterland: land acquisition, transition and conflict in peri-urban Gurgaon, India |journal=Environment and Urbanization |volume=21 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=501–512 |doi=10.1177/0956247809339660|ref=none|doi-access=free|bibcode=2009EnUrb..21..501N }}
* {{citation |last=Pagnamenta |first=Robin |title=Indians riot over water shortages and power cuts |newspaper=[[The Times]] |location=London |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/indians-riot-over-water-shortages-and-power-cuts-nfkhrzfk07h |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=12 November 2013 |ref=none |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219234644/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/article3468822.ece |url-status=live }}
* {{citation |last=Rich |first=Nathan |editor=Peggy Deamer |title=Architecture and Capitalism: 1845 to the Present |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yeIdAAAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-135-04954-6 |pages=172–188 |chapter=Globally integrated/locally fractured: the extraordinary development of Gurgaon, India |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Yardley |first=Jim |title=In Gurgaon, India, Dynamism Wrestles With Dysfunction |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/world/asia/09gurgaon.html?pagewanted=all |date=6 September 2011 |access-date=12 November 2013 |ref=none |url-access=subscription |archive-date=17 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617195431/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/world/asia/09gurgaon.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{citation |title=Gurgaon: Model City and Cautionary Tale, Slide Show |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 June 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/06/09/world/asia/09india.html |access-date=12 November 2013}}
* {{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000000828070/india-rising-off-the-grid-.html |title=India Rising, Off-the-Grid: Video |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 June 2011 |access-date=12 November 2013|last1=Teng |first1=Poh Si }}

{{subject bar|wikt=Gurgaon|auto=1}}
{{Haryana}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gurgaon| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]
[[Category:High-technology business districts in India]]
[[Category:Satellite Cities in India]]
[[Category:Medical tourism]]
[[Category:Haryana-related lists]]

List of Kannada films of 2019

2026-03-17T14:09:41Z

Manish Khouriwal: added structure further and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Sandalwood film list}}

A list of Kannada language films produced in the [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film industry]] in India in the year 2019.
* Films are generally released every Friday or Festival Day
* In addition films can be released on specific festival days.

==Box office collection==
The [[List of highest-grossing Kannada films|highest-grossing Kannada films]] released in 2019, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows.

The rank of the films in the following depends on the worldwide gross. The budget is only for knowledgeable purpose.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+The highest worldwide gross of 2019
|-
! Rank !! Title
! Production company !! Worldwide gross !! References
|-
|1
|''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]''
|[[Rockline Entertainments]]
|{{INRConvert|90|c}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news |title='K.G.F.: Chapter 1' to 'Avane Srinamnarayana': Top 5 highest-grossing films in the history Sandalwood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/k-g-f-chapter-1-to-avane-srinamnarayana-top-5-highest-grossing-films-in-the-history-sandalwood/photostory/77084520.cms |access-date=2024-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/box-office/how-kannada-movies-are-setting-new-benchmarks-at-box-office-636839|title=
How Kannada Movies Are Setting New Benchmarks At Box Office|accessdate=1 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2
|''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]''
|[[Pushkar Films]] Sri Devi Entertainers [[Paramvah Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|56|c}}
|-
|3
|''[[Pailwaan]]''
|[[Zee Studios]] RRR Motion Pictures Production
|{{INRConvert|53|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=Top 8 highest-grossing Kannada movies of all time |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/article/top-8-highest-grossing-kannada-movies-of-all-time/737261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221336/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/article/top-8-highest-grossing-kannada-movies-of-all-time/737261 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-11-02 |access-date=2024-04-03 }}</ref>
|-
|4
|''[[Yajamana (2019 film)|Yajamana]]''
|Media House Studios
|{{INRConvert|50|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=suman |title=Yajamana grosses Rs 50 crore, becomes Darshan's first movie to cross the mark |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/yajamana-grosses-rs-50-crore-becomes-darshan-s-first-movie-to-cross-the-mark-kgf-rajakumara-the-villain-pod1xd |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|5
|''[[Natasaarvabhowma]]''
|[[Rockline Entertainments]]
|{{INRConvert|50|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=Digital |date=2019-02-13 |title=Anupama Parameswaran's Kannada debut 'Natasaarvabhowma' a hit |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/anupama-parameswaran-s-kannada-debut-natasaarvabhowma-hit-96646 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|6
|''[[Odeya (film)|Odeya]]''
|Sandesh Productions
|{{INRConvert|7.9|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manjula |date=2019-12-17 |title=Darshan's Odeya Day 4 Collections: D Boss Movie Unstoppable In First Weekend |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sandalwood/darshans-odeya-day-4-collections-d-boss-movie-unstoppable-in-first-weekend--590477 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== January–March ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast'''!! Notes !! Ref
|- January!
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"| '''J A N U A R Y'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|'''4'''
|align="center"|''[[Aduva Gombe]]''
|align="center"| [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Sanchari Vijay]], Rishita Malnad, [[Sudha Belawadi]], Nirosha Shetty|| Produced by Kasthuri Nivasa Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/aduva-gombe/ET00092415|title=Aduva Gombe Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Best Friend''
|align="center"| Teshee Venkatesh || Dravya Shetty, Saakshi Meghana, Sumathi Patel|| Produced by Sri Thirumala Cine Entertainment
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/best-friend-kannada/ET00093173|title=Best Friend Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Fortuner (film)|Fortuner]]''
|align="center"| Manjunath J. Anivaarya || [[Diganth]], [[Sonu (actress)|Sonu Gowda]], Swathi Sharma, [[Naveen Krishna]], [[Vinayak Joshi]]|| Produced by Golecha Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/fortuner/ET00085279|title=Fortuner Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Prastha''
|align="center"| Ravi Shathabhisha || Raja Vish, Varsha, Yadvik, Alankar Chandru|| Produced by Abhigna Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/prastha/ET00093338|title=Prastha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|'''11'''
|align="center"|''Gini Helida Kathe''
|align="center"| Nagaraja Uppunda || Dev Rangabhoomi, Geethanjali, Malathesh|| Produced by Buddha Chitralaya
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gini-helida-kathe/ET00093075|title=Gini Helida Kathe Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Lambodara (film)|Lambodara]]''
|align="center"| K. Krishnaraj || [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]], Akanksha Gandhi, [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Aruna Balraj]]|| Produced by Vrishank Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/lambodara/ET00079349|title=Lambodara Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|'''18'''
|align="center"|''[[Birbal Trilogy Case 1: Finding Vajramuni]]''
|align="center"| [[MG Srinivas]] || [[MG Srinivas]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]], Sujay Shastry, Vineeth Kumar, Madhusudhan Rao || '''Based''' on Korean movie ''[[New Trial]]'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230119/birbal-movie-review-birbal-from-korea.html|title = Birbal movie review: Birbal, from Korea}}</ref> Produced by Crystal Park Cinemas
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/birbal/ET00091632|title=Birbal Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 18 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Lock''
|align="center"| Parashuraam || Abhilash, Soundarya Ramesh, [[Shashikumar]], [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]|| Produced by Parashuraam Picture House
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/galli-bakery/ET00087788|title=Birbal Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 18 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|'''25'''
|align="center"|''Missed Call''
|align="center"| Thimmampalli Chandru || Rajkiran, Arpitha, Mamatha Rahuth, [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]|| Produced by Karthik Dreams
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/missed-call/ET00094658|title=Missed Call Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 25 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Seetharama Kalyana]]''
|align="center"| [[A. Harsha]] || [[Nikhil Gowda]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Madhoo]], [[P. Ravishankar]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Bhagyashree Patwardhan]], [[Chikkanna]]|| '''Loosely Inspired''' by ''[[Rarandoi Veduka Chudham]]'' Produced by Channambika Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/seetharama-kalyana/ET00080998|title=Seetharama Kalyana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 25 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Supplementary''
|align="center"| S. Devaraj || Mahendra Munnoth, Kush Biradar, Shraddha Bhatt, Mandya Chandru|| Produced by Hebbulivahana Mahadeshwara Productions House
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/supplementary/ET00094023|title=Supplementary Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 25 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- February!
| rowspan="16"style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"| '''F E B R U A R Y'''
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ede3ef;"|'''1'''
|align="center"|''[[Anukta]]''
|align="center"| Ashwath Samuel || [[Sampath Raj]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Sangeetha Bhat]], Karthik Attavar|| Produced by Deyi Productions
|align="center"|<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/anukta/ET00086871|title=Anukta Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Attaiya Vs Handi Kayolu''
|align="center"| Lokendra Surya || Arjun Krishna, Ruthu Chaithra, Lokendra Surya, A. Mahadeviah, Mandya Mahadev|| Produced by Keerthana Movies
|align="center"|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Bazaar (2019 film)|Bazaar]]''
|align="center"| [[Suni (director)|Suni]] || [[Dhanveer Gowda]], [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], [[Sadhu Kokila]] || Produced by Bharathi Film Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bazaar/ET00084296|title=Bazaar Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Bhootha Kaala''
|align="center"| Sachin Baada || Anand Ganesh, Rakshita Bangera, Ananya Bhat, [[Srinivas Prabhu]], [[Tennis Krishna]]|| Produced by Sri Dindugada Maha Lakshmi Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bhootha-kaala/ET00094693|title=Bhootha Kaala Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Mataash''
|align="center"| [[S. D. Arvind]] || Samarth Narasimharaju, Aishwarya Sindhogi, Ganesh Raj, Rajani Bharadwaj, [[V. Manohar]], Siddhanth Sundar|| Produced by Goals & Dreamz, CROMS and Balamani Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/mataash/ET00082799|title=Mataash Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Trayodasha''
|align="center"| S. S. Umeshh || Deepu, Chaitra, Archana, [[Ramesh Bhat]]|| Produced by K. S. Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/trayodasha/ET00095023|title=Trayodasha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ede3ef;"|'''7'''
|align="center"|''[[Natasaarvabhowma]]''
|align="center"| [[Pawan Wadeyar]] || [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Anupama Parameswaran]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Chikkanna]], [[Sadhu Kokila]]|| Produced by [[Rockline Entertainments]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/natasaarvabhowma/ET00072810|title=Natasaarvabhouma Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 7 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ede3ef;"|'''8'''
|align="center"|''Sarvagna Mattomme Hutti Baa''
|align="center"| Shivakumar || [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]], [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]]|| Produced by Niranjana Chitra
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/sarvagna-mattomme-hutti-baa/ET00096072|title=Sarvagna Mattomme Hutti Baa Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ede3ef;"|'''15'''
|align="center"|''[[Bell Bottom (2019 film)|Bell Bottom]]''
|align="center"| [[Jayatheertha]] || [[Rishab Shetty]], [[Hariprriya]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Yogaraj Bhat]], [[Pramod Shetty]]|| Produced by Golden Horse Production
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bell-bottom/ET00093074|title=Bell Bottom Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Chemistry of Kariyappa''
|align="center"| Kumaar || [[Tabla Nani]], [[Suchendra Prasad]], Sanjana, [[Chandan Achar]], Rockline Sudhakar|| Produced by Msiri Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/chemistry-of-kariyappa/ET00095331|title=Chemistry of Kariyappa Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Gahana''
|align="center"| Preth Hassan || Adhitya Shetty, Sharanya Gowda, Inchara Bheemaiah, Ranjini|| Produced by Om Shri Sai Ram Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gahana/ET00096390|title=Gahana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ede3ef;"|'''22'''
|align="center"|''[[Chambal (film)|Chambal]]''
|align="center"| Jacob Varghese || [[Sathish Ninasam]], [[Sonu Gowda]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Roger Narayan]]|| Produced by Jacob Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/chambal/ET00095047|title=Chambal Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Kaddu Mucchi''
|align="center"| Vasanth Raj || [[Vijay Suriya]], Meghashree, [[Chikkanna]], [[Doddanna]], [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[B. V. Radha]]|| Produced by Yashaswini Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kaddu-mucchi/ET00095246|title=Kaddu Mucchi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Kalbettada Darodekoraru''
|align="center"| Deepak Madhuvanahalli || Nataraj Bhat, Hemanth Sushil, Shwetha R. Prasad || Produced by Bridge Films Association
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kalbettada-darodekoraru/ET00079652|title=Kalbettada Darodekoraru Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Striker''
|align="center"| Pawan Trivikram || [[Praveen Tej]], Shilpa Manjunath, Saurav Lokesh, Ashok Raj || Produced by Garudadri Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/striker/ET00082457|title=Striker Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Yaarige Yaaruntu''
|align="center"| Pawan Trivikram || Orata Prashanth, Lekha Chandra, Kruttika Ravindra, Adithi Rao|| Produced by SLR Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/yaarige-yaaruntu/ET00089454|title=Yaarige Yaaruntu Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- March!
|rowspan="26" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;"| '''M A R C H'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''1'''
|align="center"|''[[Yajamana (2019 film)|Yajamana]]''
|align="center"| [[Pon Kumaran]] [[V. Harikrishna]] || [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]], [[P. Ravishankar]], [[Thakur Anoop Singh]]|| Produced by Media House Studio
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/yajamana/ET00093764|title=Yajamana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''8'''
|align="center"|''[[Ammana Mane]]''
|align="center"| Nikhil Manjoo || [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], Rohini Nagesh, Sheetal, [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[Tabla Nani]], Nikhil Manjoo||'''Based ''' on a novel by Sri Lalithe<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ammana-mane-review-raghavendra-rajkumar-shines-slow-paced-family-drama-97978|title='Ammana Mane' review: Raghavendra Rajkumar shines in this slow-paced family drama|date=8 March 2019}}</ref> Produced by Srilalithe Chitralaya
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ammana-mane/ET00096662|title=Ammana Mane Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Gosi Gang''
|align="center"| Raju Devasandra || Ajay Karthik, Yathiraj Jaggesh, Anusha Rai, Monica|| Produced by Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara cinemas
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gosi-gang/ET00086284|title=Gosi Gang Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Ibbaru B.Tech Students Journey''
|align="center"| Vemuganti || Krrishna, Kiran Chatvani, [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]], [[Bullet Prakash]], Ravi Kiran|| Produced by Shree Shivani Arts and P.S. Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ibbaru-btech-students-journey/ET00092192|title=Ibbaru B.Tech Students Journey Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Madve''
|align="center"| Hindu Krishna || Manju Mardhav, Arohi Gowda, Arya, Paramesh|| Produced by Sri Maatha Pithru Entertainments
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/madve/ET00098105|title=Madve Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Ondh Kathe Hella]]''
|align="center"| Girish G. || Thandav Ram, [[Priyanka Mohan]], Shakti Somanna, Pratheek, Thara Sadashivaiah, Sowmya Ramakanth|| Produced by Petas Cine Cafe
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ondh-kathe-hella/ET00084797|title=Ond Kathe Hella Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''15'''
|align="center"|''Arabbi Kadala Theeradalli''
|align="center"| V. Umakanth || Krishne Gowda, Vaishnavi Bhat, Ranjitha|| Produced by Saptagiri Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/arabbi-kadala-theeradalli/ET00098380|title=Arabbi Kadala Theeradalli Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''DK Bose''
|align="center"| Sandeep Mahantesh || Bhojaraj Vamanjoor, Risha Nijagun, [[Pruthvi Ambaar]], Raghu Pandeshwar, Shobhraj Pavoor|| Produced by VR Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/dk-bose/ET00097709|title=DK Bose Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Face 2 Face (2019 Indian film)|Face 2 Face]]''
|align="center"| Sandeep Janardhan || Rohith Bhanuprakash, Divya Uruduga, [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[Veena Sundar]], Purvi Joshi, Aaryan Achukatla|| Produced by Sri Banashankari Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/face-2-face/ET00090694|title=Face 2 Face Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Girgitle''
|align="center"| Ravi Kiran || Pradeep Raj, Chandru, Guru, [[Rangayana Raghu]], Vaishnavi Gowda, Advithi Shetty || Produced by Veeranjaneya Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/girgitle/ET00097743|title=Girgitle Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Naanu Nammudugi Kharchgond Mafia''
|align="center"| Amar Saalva || Shyam Sundar, Amar Saalva, Ashwini, Shraddha Benagi || Produced by Power Talkies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/naanu-nammudgi-kharchgond-mafia/ET00097810|title=Naanu Nammudugi Kharchgond Mafia Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''22'''
|align="center"|''Adachanegagi Kshamisi''
|align="center"| Bharath S. Navunda || S. Pradeep Varma, Srinivas Prabhu, K. S. Sridhar, Abhimanyu|| Produced by Sree Bhoomika Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/adachanegaagi-kshamisi/ET00095396|title=Adachanegaagi Kshamisi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Badri v/s Madhumathi''
|align="center"| Shankar Narayana Reddy || Prathapawan, Akanksha Gandhi, [[Aravind Bolar]], Jahagir, Jatthi, Kempegowda|| Produced by Sree Durgaparameshwari Arts, Sri Vinayaka Maruthi Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/badri-vs-madhumathi/ET00097891|title=Badri v/s Madhumathi (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Chanaksha''
|align="center"| Mahesh Chinmai || [[Dharma Keerthiraj]], Archana Rao, [[Vinod Alva]], [[Shobhraj]] || Produced by Sri Sai Baba Cini Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/chanaksha/ET00097844|title=Chanaksha (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Missing Boy (film)|Missing Boy]]''
|align="center"| Raghuram || [[Gurunandan]], Archana Jayakrishnan, [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]], [[Jai Jagadish]], [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]] || Produced by Kolla Entertainments
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/missing-boy/ET00098806|title=Missing Boy (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Rajannana Maga''
|align="center"| Kolar Seenu || Harish Jalgare, Akshatha Sreedhar Sastry, [[Charan Raj]], [[Rajesh Nataranga]], [[Sharath Lohitashwa]]|| Produced by Universal Hattrik Combines
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/rajannana-maga/ET00080633|title=Rajannana Maga (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Udgharsha]]''
|align="center"| [[Sunil Kumar Desai]] || [[Thakur Anoop Singh]], [[Sai Dhanshika]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Shraddha Das]], [[Harshika Poonacha]], [[Vamsi Krishna]]|| Produced by D Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/udgharsha/ET00098007|title=Udgharsha (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''29'''
|align="center"|''Dharmapura''
|align="center"| Hemanth Naik || Ramesh Paltya, Amrutha V. Raj, Rani Padmaja Chauhan|| Produced by Rajavath Cine Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/darmapura/ET00099724|title=Dharmapura Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Gandhada Kudi''
|align="center"| Santhosh Shetty Kateel || Nidhi Sanjeeva Shetty, Shivadwaj Shetty, [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Jyothi Rai]], Keisha Pai, Ashlin, Pranathi, Vignesh, Shreesha|| Produced by Invenger Technologies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gandada-kudi/ET00099581|title=Gandhada Kudi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Hanigalu Enano Helalu Horative''
|align="center"| Nagaraj B. H. || Nagaraj B. H., Nagesh, Pallavi Chandra, Arun, Shivalinge Gowda, Madhu, Basavaraj, Jeevan, Abhishekh|| Produced by Honnadevi Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/hanigalu-enano-helalu-horative/ET00099747|title=Hanigalu Enano Helalu Horative Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Londonalli Lambodhara]]''
|align="center"| Raj Surya || Santhu Swindon, Shruti Prakash, [[Sampath Raj]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Sudha Belawadi]]|| Produced by London Screens
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/londonalli-lambodhara/ET00093896|title=Londonalli Lambodhara Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Panchatantra (film)|Panchatantra]]''
|align="center"| [[Yogaraj Bhat]] || Vihan Gowda, [[Sonal Monteiro]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Akshara Gowda]], Deepak Shetty|| Produced by Yogaraj Cinemaas, JASP productions, Purple Patch
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/panchatantra/ET00085301|title=Panchatantra Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Ranaranaka''
|align="center"| Sudhakar Bananje || Shashi Raj, [[Siddu Moolimani]], Sambrama Gowda, [[Tennis Krishna]]|| Produced by Nischith Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ranaranaka/ET00093045|title=Ranaranaka Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Ravi History''
|align="center"| Madhu Chandra || Karthik Chandra, [[Pallavi Raju]], Aishwarya Rao, [[Bala Rajwadi]] || Produced by Karnatik Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ravi-history/ET00098633|title=Ravi History Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Rugged]]''
|align="center"| Mahesh Gowda || [[Vinod Prabhakar]], Chaitra Reddy|| Produced by Amma Cine Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/rugged/ET00099585|title=Rugged Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Yada Yada Hi Dharmasya]]''
|align="center"| Viraj || [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Prajwal Devaraj]], Shravya Rao, [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Padma Vasanthi]], Mamatha Rahuth|| Produced by Askhara Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/yada-yada-hi-dharmasya/ET00099713|title=Yada Yada Hi Dharmasya Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 29 March 2019}}</ref>
|}

==April-June==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast'''!! Notes !! Ref
|- April!
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3; textcolor:#000;" | '''A P R I L'''
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''5'''
|align="center"|''Gowdru Cycle''
|align="center"| Prashanth K. Yallampalli || Shashikanth, Bimbashree Ninasam|| Produced by Adyar M3 International Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gowdru-cycle/ET00100186|title=Gowdru Cycle Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=5 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kavacha]]''
|align="center"| G. V. R. Vasu || [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Kruthika Jayakumar]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Vasishta N. Simha]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Ravi Kale]]||'''Remake''' of Malayalam film ''[[Oppam]]'' (2016) Produced by Hayagriva Movie Adishtana
|align="center"|<ref name="auto1">{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/jai-kesari-nandana/ET00100653|title=Jai Kesari Nandana Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''12'''
|align="center"|''Jai Kesari Nandana''
|align="center"| Shridhar Javoor || Gururaj Hosakote, [[Raju Talikote]], Praveen Patri, Amrutha R. G.|| Produced by Think Positive Studio
|align="center"|<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kavalu Daari|Kavaludaari]]''
|align="center"| [[Hemanth Rao]] || [[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Roshni Prakash]], [[Suman Ranganathan]], [[Achyuth Kumar]]|| Produced by [[PRK Productions]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kavaludaari/ET00067133|title=Kavaludaari Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Night Out''
|align="center"| [[Rakesh Adiga]] || Bharath, Shruthi Goradia, Akshay Pavar|| Produced by Aryan Motion Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kavaludaari/ET00067133|title=Night Out Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Virupaa''
|align="center"| Punik Shetty || H. Vishunath, Manjunath, Prapthi Ratheesh, Charan, Aniketh|| Produced by Dubios Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/virupaa/ET00100646|title=Virupaa Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''19'''
|align="center"|''[[Padde Huli]]''
|align="center"| [[Guru Deshpande]] || [[Shreyas Manju]], [[Nishvika Naidu]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Chikkanna]]||''' Remake''' of Tamil film ''[[Meesaya Murukku]]'' Produced by Tejaswini Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/paddehuli/ET00095508|title=Padde Huli Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=19 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Payanigaru''
|align="center"| Raj Gopi || Laxman Shivashankar, Ashwin Hasan, Raghavendra Naik, Nagaraj Rao|| Produced by Kolankal Mahaganapathi Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/payanigaru/ET00100189|title=Payanigaru Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=19 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Punarvasu Nakshathra Mithuna Rashi''
|align="center"| Vijay Karthik || Vijay Karthik, Anusha Pakali, Ashwini||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/punarvasu-nakshathra-mithuna-rashi/ET00099534|title=Punarvasu Nakshathra Mithuna Rashi Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=19 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Thrayambakam]]''
|align="center"| [[Dayal Padmanabhan]] || [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], [[Anupama Gowda]], [[RJ Rohith]] || Produced by Future Entertainment Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/thrayambakam/ET00094926|title=Thryamabakam Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=19 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''26'''
|align="center"|''Janumada Snehitharu''
|align="center"| Parashuram Navalli || Shaikh Mukthiyar, Rohith Shetti, Angaarika|| Produced by Indian Film Industries
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/janumada-snehitharu/ET00101251|title=Janumada Snehitharu Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=26 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Mahakavya''
|align="center"| Sri Darshan || Vallabha Suri, Rashmi Prabhakar, Sri Darshan, Ananthavelu|| Produced by S.R.K. Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/mahakavya/ET00101469|title=Mahakavya Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=26 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Premier Padmini (film)|Premier Padmini]]''
|align="center"| Ramesh Indira || [[Jaggesh]], [[Pramod Panju]], [[Sudharani]], [[Madhoo]], [[Hitha Chandrashekar]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], Vivek Simha|| Produced by Shruthi Naidu Chitra
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/premier-padmini/ET00100766|title=Premier Padmini Kannada Movie (2019)|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=26 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- May!
| rowspan="22" style="text-align:center; background:#f64a8a;"| '''M A Y'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''1'''
|align="center"|''[[99 (2019 film)|99]]''
|align="center"| [[Preetham Gubbi]] || [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]]||'''Remake''' of Tamil film ''[[96 (film)|96]]'' (2018) Produced by Ramu Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/99-kannada/ET00101187|title=99 Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''3'''
|align="center"|''[[Gara (film)|Gara]]''
|align="center"| K. R. Muralikrishna || Rahman Hassan, Pradeep Aryan, [[Avanthika Mohan]], Neha Patil, [[Johnny Lever]], [[Sadhu Kokila]]||'''Based''' on [[R. K. Narayan]]'s short story ''[[An Astrologer's Day]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/gara/movie-review/69155386.cms|title=Gara Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Gara by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref> Produced by 25th Frame Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gara/ET00100351|title=Gara Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 3 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Loafers''
|align="center"| [[Mohan Shankar]] || Chethan Surya, Arjun Arya, Vihana Tej, Manu, Saakshi, Kempegowda, Sushma Raj|| Produced by SNS Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/loafers/ET00101509|title=Loafers Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 3 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Ombathane Adbhutha''
|align="center"| Santhosh Kumar Batagere || Santhosh Kumar Batagere, Nayana Sai, Century Gowda, Raghu Pandeshwar|| Produced by K K Brothers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ombathane-adbutha/ET00100356|title=Ombathane Adbutha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 3 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''10'''
|align="center"|''Anushka''
|align="center"| Devaraj Kumar || [[Amrutha Iyengar]], [[Roopesh Shetty]], [[Adi Lokesh]], [[Sadhu Kokila]]|| Produced by Sri Nanjundeshwara Production House
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/anushka/ET00098933|title=Anushka Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 10 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Jakanachari Avana Thamma Shuklachari''
|align="center"| Raja Ravi Verma || Girish Jatti, Muni, Ninasam Ashwath, Vinay Surya, Kiran, Moogu Suresh || Produced by Rajpriya Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/jakanachari-avana-thamma-shuklachari/ET00102536|title=Jakanachari Avana Thamma Shuklachari Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 10 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Khanana''
|align="center"| Raadha || Aryavardhan, Karishma Barua, Yuva Kishore, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Om Prakash Rao]], [[Bank Janardhan]]|| Produced by S Nalige Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/khanana/ET00100807|title=Khanana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 10 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Soojidara (2019 film)|Soojidaara]]''
|align="center"| Mounesh Badiger || [[Hariprriya]], Yashwanth Shetty, [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], Shreya Anchan, Chaitra Kotoor|| Produced by Cine Sneha Talkies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/soojidaara/ET00101391|title=Soojidaara Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 10 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Traya''
|align="center"| Krishna Sai || [[Samyukta Hornad]], Amogha Rahul, Madan, Shankar, Krishna Hebbale, Rajani Bharadwaj, [[Tennis Krishna]]|| Produced by 2 States Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/traya/ET00101636|title=Traya Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 10 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''17'''
|align="center"|''Howla Howla''
|align="center"| Somnath P. Patil || Amit, Aarthi Kulkarni, [[Vijay Chendoor]], Prithvi Patil, Shobharaj|| Produced by Amma Akshara Arts
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/howla-howla/ET00100190|title=Howla Howla Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 17 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Kaarmoda Saridu''
|align="center"| Uday Kumar P. S. || Manju Rajanna, Adhvithi Shetty, Divya, Sridhar|| Produced by Kudremukha Talkies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kaarmoda-saridu/ET00102501|title=Kaarmoda Saridu Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 17 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Mooka Vismitha''
|align="center"| Gurudutt Sreekanth || Gurudutt Sreekanth, Shubha Raksha, Sandeep Malani, Chandra Keerthi, Vanishree Bhatt||'''Based''' on [[T. P. Kailasam]] 's drama ''ToLLugaTTi'' Produced by Malani Talkies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/mookavismitha/ET00101878|title=Mooka Vismitha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 17 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Ratnamanjarii]]''
|align="center"| Prasiddh || Raj Charan, Akhila Prakash, [[Pallavi Raju]], Shraddha Salian, Jai Mohan, Raju Vaidhya|| Produced by SNS Cinemas and Sharavathi Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ratnamanjarii/ET00100380|title=Ratnamanjarii Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 17 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''24'''
|align="center"|''[[D/O Parvathamma]]''
|align="center"| Shankar. J || [[Hariprriya]], [[Suraj Gowda]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Prabhu Mundkur]]|| Produced by Disha Entertainments
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/do-parvathamma/ET00093357|title=D/o Parvathamma Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 24 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Digbhayam''
|align="center"| Amith || Amith, Kavitha Bisht, Monisha Gowda, Hamsa Gowda|| Produced by 1234 Cine Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/digbayam/ET00103356|title=Digbayam Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 24 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Putani Power''
|align="center"| M. Gajendra || Mahendra Munoth, Aradhana Bhat, Doddarange Gowda, Harini, Preethi Raj|| Produced by S V Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/putani-power/ET00103402|title=Putani Power Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 24 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Race''
|align="center"| Hemanth Krishna || Diwakar, Santhosh, Nakul Govind, Raksha Shenoy|| Produced by S V R Productions Pvt Ltd.
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/05/24/race-2019/|title=Race Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 24 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Weekend''
|align="center"| Sringeri Suresh || Milind, Sanjana Burli, [[Ananth Nag]], Gopinath Bhat, Neenasam Raghu|| Produced by Mayoora Motion Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/weekend/ET00099669|title=Weekend Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 24 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"|'''31'''
|align="center"|''[[Amar (2019 film)|Amar]]''
|align="center"| [[Nagashekar]] || [[Abhishek Gowda]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Devaraj]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Sudharani]], [[Chikkanna]]|| Produced by Sandesh Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/amar/ET00102912|title=Amar Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 31 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Kamarottu Checkpost''
|align="center"| A. Paramesh || Sanath, Uthpal Gowda, Swathi Konde, Ahalya Suresh, Gaddappa|| Produced by A. P. Productions & Swapna Cine Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kamarottu-checkpost/ET00103211|title=Kamarottu Checkpost Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 31 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Omme Nishabda Omme Yuddha''
|align="center"| Sree Nag || Prabhu Mundkar, [[Samyuktha Hegde]], [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]], Chandrashekar, Aravind Rao|| Produced by Rolling Dreams Entertainment
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/omme-nishyabda-omme-yudda/ET00103326|title=Omme Nishabda Omme Yuddha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 31 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Suvarna Sundari''
|align="center"| Surya MSN || [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], [[Sakshi Chaudhary]], [[Jayapradha]], [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]||'''Inspired''' by ''[[Devil (2010 film)|Devil]]'' and ''[[Junior Mandrake]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/suvarna-sundari-movie-review-this-jayaprada-sakshi-choudary-and-poorna-starrer-is-a-perfect-time-pass-film/articleshow/69618799.cms|title=Suvarna Sundari Movie Review: This Jayaprada, Sakshi Choudary and Poorna-starrer is a perfect time-pass film}}</ref> Produced by S. Team Pictures A Kannada – Telugu bilingual film
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/suvarna-sundari/ET00065240|title=Suvarna Sundari Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 31 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- June!
|rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#50c878; textcolor:#000;"| '''J U N E'''
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''7'''
|align="center"|''Keerthigobba-2''
|align="center"| Prathap M || Partha, Sanjay, Siddhu, Soumya, Radha, Shwetha|| Produced by Thriveni Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/keerthigobba-2/ET00104335|title=Keerthigobba 2 Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 7 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Majjige Huli''
|align="center"| Ravindra Kotaki || Deekshith Venkatesh, Roopika, Manasa, [[Suchendra Prasad]], Mohan Juneja, [[Ramesh Bhat]]|| Produced by SLV Arts
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/majjige-huli/ET00103808|title=Majjige Huli Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 7 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''14'''
|align="center"|''Hangover''
|align="center"| Vittal Bhat || Bharath, Mahathi Bhikshu, Nandhini Nataraj, Shahan Ponnamma, Shafi|| Produced by Ramanee Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/hangover-kannada/ET00049474|title=Hangover Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[I Love You (2019 film)|I Love You]]''
|align="center"| [[R. Chandru]] || [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Sonu Gowda]], [[Brahmanandam]]|| Produced by Sri Siddeshwara Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/i-love-you-nanne-preethse/ET00093036|title=I Love You Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Vijayadwaja''
|align="center"| Srinath Vasishta || Naveen Ragappa, Nagesh Yadav|| Produced by Sree Siddeshwara Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/vijayadwaja/ET00104085|title=Vijayadwaja Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''21'''
|align="center"|''Haftha''
|align="center"| Prakash Hebbala || Vardhan Thirthahalli, Bimbashree Ninasam, Raghava Nag, Soumya Theethira || Produced by Maithri Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/haftha/ET00104193|title=Haftha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 21 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Krishna Garments''
|align="center"| Siddu Poornachandra || Bhaskar Ninasam, Chandu Gowda, Rashmita, [[Rajesh Nataranga]], Vardhan Thirthahalli || Produced by Adithya Cine Combines
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/krishna-garments/ET00105189|title=Krishna Garments Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 21 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Saarvajanikaralli Vinanthi''
|align="center"| Krupasagar T. N. || Madan Raj, Amrutha, Ramesh Pandit, [[Mandya Ramesh]]|| Produced by Dakshina Krupa Sindhu Entertainments
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/saarvajanikaralli-vinanthi/ET00104512|title=Saarvajanikaralli Vinanthi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 21 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''23'''
|align="center"|''[[Arishadvarga]]''
|align="center"|Arvindh Kamath
|[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Samyukta Hornad]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;"|'''28'''
|align="center"|''One Way – Hogbahudu Barangilla''
|align="center"| Rushi || [[Kiran Raj]], Robinson, Raj Bahaddur, Shilpa, Rajesh R, Rekha||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/hogbahudu-barangilla/ET00105709|title=Hogbahudu Barangilla Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 28 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Rustum (2019 film)|Rustum]]''
|align="center"| Ravi Varma || [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Shraddha Srinath]], [[Mayuri Kyatari]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Harish Uthaman]]|| Produced by [[Jayanna Combines]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/rustum/ET00074377|title=Rustum Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 28 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Samayada Hinde Savari''
|align="center"| Rajguru Hoskote || Rahul Hegde, Prakruthi, Kiran Vatti, Ranjith Shetty|| Produced by Bunts Lion Film International
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/samayada-hinde-savari/ET00105631|title=Samayada Hinde Savari Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 28 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|}

== July–September ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast'''!! Notes !! Ref
|- July!
| rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0;"| '''J U L Y'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#afeeee;"|'''5'''
|align="center"|''[[Devaki (2019 film)|Devaki]]''
|align="center"| Lohith. H || [[Priyanka Upendra]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Sanjeev Jaiswal]], Aishwarya Upendra|| Produced by RCS Cinemas
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/devaki/ET00098705|title=Devaki Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 5 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Dheera Kannadiga''
|align="center"| Balarama || Master Chinmay, Anjanappa, Mandya Chandru|| Produced by Balaram Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/dheera-kannadiga/ET00106454|title=Dheera Kannadiga Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 5 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Onti]]''
|align="center"| Shree || Arya N., [[Meghana Raj]], Ninasam Ashwath, [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], [[Girija Lokesh]]|| Produced by Sai Ram Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/onti/ET00105620|title=Onti Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 5 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#afeeee;"|'''12'''
|align="center"|''Chitrakatha''
|align="center"| Yashasvi Balaaditya || Sujeeth Rathod, [[Sudharani]], [[Dileep Raj]], [[B. Jayashree]], [[Tabla Nani]]|| Produced by Jaji Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/chitrakatha/ET00106183|title=Chitrakatha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 12 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Full Tight Pathe''
|align="center"| S. L. G. Puttanna || Surya, SLG Puttanna, Beeradra, T. Raju||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/full-tight-pathe/ET00106793|title=Full Tight Pathe Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 12 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Inthi Nimma Bhaira''
|align="center"| K. J. Chikku || Aryan Venkatesh, Pragathi, Sunetra Pandit, Bangalore Nagesh, Sanju Basayya|| Produced by SSKB Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/inthi-nimma-bhaira/ET00106799|title=Inthi Nimma Bhaira Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 12 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Operation Nakshatra''
|align="center"| K. R. Madhusudhan || Niranjan Wadayar, [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], Yajna Shetty, [[Srinivas Prabhu]] || Produced by 5 Star Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/operation-nakshatra/ET00106117|title=Operation Nakshatra Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 12 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Yaanaa]]''
|align="center"| [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]] || Vaibhavi, Vainidhi, Vaisiri, Sumukha, Chakravarthi, Abhishek, [[Jai Jagadish]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam]], [[Chikkanna]], [[Jai Jagadish]], [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Sundar Raj]]|| Produced by ACME Movie International
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/yaanaa/ET00105249|title=Yaana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 12 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#afeeee;"|'''19'''
|align="center"|''10ne Tharagathi''
|align="center"| Mahesh Sindhuvalli || Thejas Gurukar, Shivu Chawadi, Jagdeesh, Puttu, Mahadeva Murthy, [[Bhavya]], Anjali Jan, [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], || Produced by Ciniranjan Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/10ne-tharagathi/ET00107471|title=10ne Tharagathi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Aadi Lakshmi Puraana]]''
|align="center"| [[V. Priya]] || [[Nirup Bhandari]], [[Radhika Pandit]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], Sowmya Jaganmoorthy, [[Joe Simon]]|| Produced by [[Rockline Venkatesh|Rockline Entertainment Pvt Ltd.]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/aadi-lakshmi-puraana/ET00106602|title=Aadi Lakshmi Puraana Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Dichki Design''
|align="center"| Rana Chandu || Rana Chandu, Nimika Rathnakar, Manohar Gowda, Ravi S Nenapininda, Prashanth|| Produced by Golden Lens Cinema
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/dichki-design/ET00106976|title=Dichki Design Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Male Billu''
|align="center"| Nagaraj Hiriyuru || Sharath, [[Sanjana Anand]] ||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/male-billu/ET00107454|title=Male Billu Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Sinnga (film)|Sinnga]]''
|align="center"| Vijay Kiran || [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]], [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[P. Ravishankar]], Shivaraj K. R. Pete||''' Remake''' of Tamil film ''[[Kutti Puli]]'' Produced by UKM Studios
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/sinnga/ET00098917|title=Sinnga Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#afeeee;"|'''26'''
|align="center"|''[[Dasharatha (film)|Dasharatha]]''
|align="center"| M. S. Ramesh || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Sonia Agarwal]], [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Meghashree]] || Produced by M. S. R. Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/dasharatha/ET00107864|title=Dasharatha Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 26 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Jerk''
|align="center"| Mahantesh Madakari || Sachin Siddhu, Asha Bhandari, Gaddappa, Krishna Raj, [[Bullet Prakash]]|| Produced by Mayura Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/jerk/ET00107356|title=Jerk Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 26 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Mahira (2019 film)|Mahira]]''
|align="center"| Mahesh Gowda || [[Raj B. Shetty]], [[Virginia Rodrigues (actress)|Virginia Rodrigues]], [[Chaithra J Achar]], Balaji Manohar|| Produced by The Jackfruit Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/jerk/ET00107356|title=Jerk Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 26 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Nandanavanadol''
|align="center"| Sandeep Shetty || Santhosh Shetty, Bharath Rai, Kampana, Smitha, Pooja Sharan, Anand Yadwad|| Produced by Yakshasiri Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/nandanavanadol/ET00106833|title=Nandanavanadol Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 26 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- August!
| rowspan="16" style="text-align:center; background:#00ffff;" | '''A U G U S T'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;"|'''2'''
|align="center"|''Bekkigondu Mooguthi''
|align="center"| Leslie || [[Thilak Shekar]], Sushma Raj|| Produced by Maya Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bekkigondu-mooguthi/ET00108659|title=Bekkigondu Mooguthi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 2 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Bhanu Weds Bhoomi''
|align="center"| J. K. Aadhi || Nuthan Kannaiah, Rishitha Malnad, [[Rangayana Raghu]], Shilpa Murthy, [[Shobhraj]] || Produced by Poorvi Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bhanu-weds-bhoomi/ET00108322|title=Bhanu Weds Bhoomi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 2 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Vajramukhi''
|align="center"| Aditya Kunigal || [[Neethu]], Dilip Pai, Sanjana Naidu|| Produced by Poorvi Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/vajramukhi/ET00106125|title=Vajramukhi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 2 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;"|'''9'''
|align="center"|''Ekate''
|align="center"| Ramananda Mitra || Bhooshan, Prapulla, Krishnappa||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ekate/ET00109071|title=Ekate Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kempegowda 2]]''
|align="center"| Shankar Gowda || [[Komal Kumar]], [[S. Sreesanth]], [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]], Rashika Sharma|| Produced by Panchamukhi Hanuman Cine Production
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kempegowda-2/ET00105111|title=Kempegowda 2 Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]''
|align="center"| [[Naganna]] || [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Arjun Sarja]], [[Nikhil Gowda]], [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Sonu Sood]], [[P. Ravishankar]], [[Shashikumar]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Danish Akhtar Saifi]], [[Hariprriya]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]]|| Produced by Vrushabhadri Productions and Distributed by Rockline Distribution
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kurukshetra/ET00068498|title=Kurukshetra Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;"|'''15'''
|align="center"|''[[Gimmick (film)|Gimmick]]''
|align="center"| [[Naganna]] || [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], Ronica Singh, [[Chi. Guru Dutt]], [[Shobaraj (actor)|Shobaraj]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]], [[Sundar Raj]] ||'''Remake''' of Tamil film ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]'' (2016) Produced by Samy Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gimmick/ET00103108|title=Gimmick Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Gubbi Mele Brahmastra]]''
|align="center"| Sujay Shastry || [[Raj B. Shetty|Raj B Shetty]], [[Kavitha Gowda]], [[Pramod Shetty]], Girish Shivanna|| Produced by Crystal Park Cinemas
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gubbi-mele-brahmastra/ET00108053|title=Gubbi Mele Brahmastra Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''One Love 2 Story''
|align="center"| Vasishta Bantanur || Santhosh Manu, Madhu Nag Gowda, Prakruthi Vijaykumar, Vachana, Aadhya Aradhana|| Produced by Silver Screen Film Factory, SMLNS Production
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/one-love-2-story/ET00097532|title=One Love 2 Story Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 15 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;"|'''16'''
|align="center"|''Manassinata''
|align="center"| R Ravindra|| Yamuna Srinidhi, Manjunath Hegde, [[H. G. Dattatreya|H.G.Dattatreya]], Master Harshith|| Produced by Nikethan Cinemas, Neralu Media
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/manasinata/ET00108855|title=Manasinata Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 16 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;" |'''23'''
|align="center"|''Fan''
|align="center"| Darshith Bhat || Aryan, Advithi Shetty, Sameeksha, Prasanna Shetty, [[Vijay Kashi]], Ravi Bhat, [[Mandya Ramesh]] || Produced by SLN Cinemas
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/08/23/fan-2019/|title=Fan Movie (2019) |publisher=Kannadamoviesinfo|date= 23 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Nanna Prakara]]''
|align="center"|Vinay Balaji || [[Priyamani]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Mayuri Kyatari]], Niranjan Deshpande, Arjun Yogi, [[Girija Lokesh]], Pramod Chakravarthy|| Produced by G.V.K. Combines
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/nanna-prakara-to-hit-screens-on-august-23/articleshow/70428435.cms|title=Nanna Prakara to hit screens on August 23|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 July 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Randhawa''
|align="center"| Sunil Acharya || [[Bhuvann Ponnannaa]], [[Apoorva Srinivasan]], Jahangir, Aravind Rau, Manjunath Hegde || Produced by Sukruthi Chitralaya
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gimmick/ET00103108|title=Gimmick Movie (2019) |publisher=Kannadamoviesinfo|date= 23 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Udumba''
|align="center"| Shivaraj || Pavan Shourya, Chirashree Anchan, Irfan, [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], Sanjana || Produced by Sri Chandra Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/08/23/udumba-2019/|title=Udumba Movie (2019) |publisher=Kannadamoviesinfo|date= 23 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Vijayaratha''
|align="center"| Ajay Surya K || Vasanth Kalyan, Arpitha Gowda, [[Archana Jois]], [[Rajesh Nataranga]], Hanumanthe Gowda|| Produced by Vruksha Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/08/23/vijayaratha-2019/|title=Vijayaratha Movie (2019) |publisher=Kannadamoviesinfo|date= 23 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#e0ffff;" |'''30'''
|align="center"|''Punyathgittiru''
|align="center"| Raj B. N. || Kuri Ranga, Mamatha Rahuth, Divyashree, Ishu|| Produced by Amrani Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/punyathgittiru/ET00110513|title=Punyathgittiru Movie (2019) |publisher=BookMyShow|date= 30 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- September!
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:orange; textcolor:#000;"| '''S E P T E M B E R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;"|'''6'''
|align="center"|''Vishnu Circle''
|align="center"| Lakshmi Dinesh || [[Gururaj Jaggesh]], Divya Gowda, [[Samhita Vinya]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], Rockline Sudhakar|| Thirupathi Picture Palace ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Vishnu Circle – ವಿಷ್ಣು ಸರ್ಕಲ್ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/06/vishnu-circle-2019/ |date=6 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;"|'''12'''
|align="center"|''[[Pailwaan]]''
|align="center"| [[S. Krishna]] || [[Sudeep]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Aakanksha Singh]], [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], [[Sushant Singh]] || RRR Motion Pictures Production||<ref>{{cite news|title=Pehlwaan: Kiccha Sudeep flaunts his washboard abs in the new poster|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/pehlwaan-kiccha-sudeep-flaunts-his-washboard-abs-new-poster-463823|access-date=25 July 2019|date=25 July 2019|publisher=Pinkvilla|archive-date=6 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006204756/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/pehlwaan-kiccha-sudeep-flaunts-his-washboard-abs-new-poster-463823|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;"|'''20'''
|align="center"|''Baro Baro Geleya''
|align="center"| Srikanth Acharya || Shiva Chandra, Anjum, Gandhi Ram, Pooja|| Kothari Productions ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Baro Baro Geleya – ಬಾರೊ ಬಾರೊ ಗೆಳೆಯ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/20/baro-baro-geleya-2019/ |date=20 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Moorane Kannu''
|align="center"| Nazeer K. N. || Sachin Nayak, Shreya, Seeru, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], Prakash D. J.|| ARS Cine Production ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Moorane Kannu – ಮೂರನೇ ಕಣ್ಣು (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/20/moorane-kannu-2019/ |date=20 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Thripura''
|align="center"| K. Shankar || Ashwini Gowda, Sridhar, Dharma, [[Tennis Krishna]], Lakshman|| Sri Ankura Creations ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Thripura – ತ್ರಿಪುರ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/20/thripura-2019/ |date=20 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;"|'''27'''
|align="center"|''Aatakkuntu Lekkakkilla''
|align="center"| Ram J. Chandra || [[Sanchari Vijay]], [[Mayuri Kyatari]], [[Duniya Rashmi]], [[Achyuth Kumar]]|| Vasundhara Krithik Films ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Aatakkuntu Lekkakkilla – ಆಟಕ್ಕುಂಟು ಲೆಕ್ಕಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/27/aatakkuntu-lekkakkilla-2019/ |date=27 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Geetha (2019 film)|Geetha]]''
|align="center"| Vijay Nagendra || [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], Parvathi Arun, [[Prayaga Martin]], [[Shanvi Srivastava]], [[Sudharani]], [[Devaraj]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]], [[Rangayana Raghu]]|| SS Films Golden Movies ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Geetha – ಗೀತಾ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/27/geetha-2019/|date=27 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kiss (2019 film)|Kiss]]''
|align="center"| [[A. P. Arjun]] || [[Viraat (actor, born 1995)|Viraat]], [[Sreeleela]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Chikkanna]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]||'''Based''' on the South Korean film ''[[100 Days with Mr. Arrogant]]'' (2004)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kiss-movie-review-overmuch-of-vanilla-chocolate/articleshow/71354858.cms|title = Kiss movie review: Overmuch of vanilla chocolate}}</ref> Produced by Arjun Films ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Kiss – ಕಿಸ್ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/27/kiss-2019/|date=27 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Navarathri''
|align="center"| Lakshmikanth Chenna || Vikram Manjunath, Hrudaya Avanthi, Shivamanju, Karthik, Pranav Murthy|| Coffees Cinema Aryath Cine Entertainments||<ref>{{cite news |title=Navarathri – ನವರಾತ್ರಿ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/27/navarathri-2019/|date=27 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Super Hero''
|align="center"| Snehamayi Krishna || Master V K Vikas, M M Prajwal, M K Likhitha, M M Gajesh Gowda, [[Mandya Ramesh]], Mandya Anand|| Divyashree Chithra Nirmana Samsthe ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Super Hero – ಸೂಪರ್ ಹೀರೊ (2019/೨೦೧೯)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2019/09/27/super-hero-2019/|date=27 September 2019|publisher=KannadaMoviesInfo}}</ref>
|}

==October-December==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast'''!! Notes !! Ref
|- October!
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:#eef003; textcolor:#000;"| '''O C T O B E R'''
|style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#f9fab3;"|'''2'''
|align="center"|''[[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]''
|align="center"|[[P. Sheshadri]]
|Param Swamy, Samarth Hombal
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#f9fab3;"|'''4'''
|align="center"|''[[Adyaksha in America]]''
|align="center"| Yoganand Muddan || [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]], [[Ragini Dwivedi]], [[Disha Pandey]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Rangayana Raghu]]||'''Remake''' of Malayalam film ''[[Two Countries]]'' (2015) Produced by People Media Factory
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/adhyaksha-in-america/ET00109656|title=Adyaksha in America Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Premasura''
|align="center"| Hariharapura Nagaraj || Sheetal Raj, Mrudula, [[M. S. Umesh]], Subburaju, Mico Nagaraj|| Produced by Sri Harihareshwara Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/premasura/ET00112978|title=Premasura Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 4 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#f9fab3;"|'''11'''
|align="center"|''[[Devaru Bekagiddare]]''
|align="center"| Kenja Chetan Kumar || Prasad Vasisht, [[Shivaram]], Master Anoop, Sathyanath|| Produced by Horizon Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/devaru-bekagiddare/ET00107743|title= Devaru Bekagiddare (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Ellidde Illi Tanaka]]''
|align="center"| Thejasvi || [[Srujan Lokesh]], [[Hariprriya]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], Yashas Surya, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Radhika Rao, [[Sadhu Kokila]]|| Produced by Lokesh Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/elliidde-illi-tanka/ET00111964|title= Ellidde Illi Tanaka Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[Gnanam (film)|''Gnanam'']]
|align="center"| [[Varadaraj Venkataswamy]] || [[Shylashri]], Anil Kumar, Radhika A. Shetty || Produced by Vasantha cine creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/elliidde-illi-tanka/ET00111964|title= Ellidde Illi Tanaka Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Inject 0.7''
|align="center"| Niranjan || Niranjan, Roopa Gowda, Prajna Mallur, Vinesh. Master Dhyan, Pranaya Murthy||
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gnanam-kannada/ET00111904|title= Gnanam Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[Lungi (film)|''Lungi'']]
|align="center"| Arjun Lewis || Pranav Hegde, Ahalya Suresh, Radhika Rao, Deepak Rai Panaje|| Produced by Khara Entertainment
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/lungi/ET00113612|title= Lungi Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Siddhi Seere''
|align="center"| Brahmanand Reddy || [[Sudha Narasimharaju]], Mahalakshmi Urs, Ravishankar Mirle, Swarnachandra||Produced by KISS International
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/siddhi-seere/ET00112970|title= Siddhi Seere Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Vrithra]]''
|align="center"| Gautham Iyer || Nityashree, [[Prakash Belawadi]], [[Sudharani]], [[Tharun Sudhir]]|| Produced by Arvi Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/vrithra/ET00082525|title= Vrithra Movie (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 11 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#f9fab3;"|'''18'''
|align="center"|''[[Bharaate]]''
|align="center"| [[Chetan Kumar]] || [[Sriimurali]], [[Sreeleela]], [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]], [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]], [[P. Ravishankar]]|| Produced by Sri Jagadguru Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bharaate/ET00106284|title= Bharaate (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 18 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Gantumoote''
|align="center"| Roopa Rao || Nischith Korodi, Teju Belawadi, Surya Vasishta, Sharath Gowda, Sri Ranga|| Produced by Ameyukthi Studios
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/gantumoote/ET00112825|title= Gantumoote (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 18 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Savarna Deergha Sandhi]]''
|align="center"| Veerendra Shetty || Veerendra Shetty, Krishnaa, Ravi Bhat, Surender Bantwal|| Produced by Veeru Talkies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/savarna-deergha-sandhi/ET00111623|title= Savarna Deergha Sandhi (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 18 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#f9fab3;"|'''25'''
|align="center"|''Andavaada''
|align="center"| Chala || Jai, Anusha Ranganath, Harish Rai, K. S. Sridhar|| Produced by Madhushree Golden Frames
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/andavaada/ET00105523|title= Andavaada (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 25 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Moorkal Estate''
|align="center"| Pramod Kumar || Praveen Reddy, Prakruthi, Vijay Eshwar, Abhishek Jain, Riya|| Produced by Bhadravathi Movie Makers
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/murkal-estate/ET00114622|title= Murkal Estate(2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 25 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|- November!
| rowspan="25" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | '''N O V E M B E R'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;"|'''1'''
|align="center"|''C++''
|align="center"| Suresh Leon Rey || Viraaj, Vishwaveeru, Nagendra Urs|| Produced by
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/c/ET00105353|title= C++ (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Dandupalya 4]]''
|align="center"| K. T. Nayak || [[Suman Ranganathan]], [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]], Rockline Sudhakar, Venkat|| Produced by Venkat Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/dandupalya-4/ET00115878|title= Dandupalya 4 (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Ranganayaki (2019 film)|Ranganayaki]]''
|align="center"|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]] || [[M. G. Srinivas]], [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], Lasya Nagaraj, [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[Chakravarthy Chandrachud]] ||'''Based''' on a novel by [[Dayal Padmanabhan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/nov/01/ranganayaki-movie-review-a-clear-mirror-to-society-15266.html|title = Ranganayaki Movie Review: An honest film that holds up a mirror to society| website=[[Cinema Express]] }}</ref> Produced by YesVee Entertainment
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ranganayaki/ET00110116|title= Ranganayaki (2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Star Kannadiga''
|align="center"| Manjunath V. R. || Manjunath V. R., Shalini Bhat, Rockline Sudhakar|| Produced by
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/star-kannadiga/ET00115431|title= Star Kannadiga(2019) |publisher=Bookmyshow|date= 1 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;"|'''8'''
|align="center"|''[[Aa Drushya]]''
|align="center"| Shiva Ganesh || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], Nisarga Lakshman, [[Chaithra J Achar|Chaithra Achar]], Yash Shetty, Chethan Vicky||'''Remake''' of Tamil film ''[[Dhuruvangal Pathinaaru]]'' (2016) Produced by [[K. Manju|K Manju Cinemas]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/aa-drushya/ET00109762|title=Aa Drushya (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Eesha Mahesha''
|align="center"| M. D. Kaushik || Narayana Swamy, Rakesh, Jayashree Raj, Sharanya Gowda, Hamsaraj, Bhagyashree, M. D. Kaushik, Ravi Bhat|| Produced by Sri Malemadeshwara Enterprises
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/eesha-mahesha/ET00116640|title=Eesha Mahesha (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Girmit]]''
|align="center"| [[Ravi Basrur]] || Ashlesh Raj, Shlagha Saligrama, Shravya Maravanthe, Nagaraj Japthi, Thanisha Kone, Aradhya Shetty, Adithya Kundapura, Sinchana Koteshwara|| Produced by Omkar Movies & Ravi Basrur Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/girmit/ET00115263|title=Girmit (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari]]''
|align="center"| Krish || Balu Nagendra, [[Sangeetha Bhat]], Kari Subbu, Shankar Narayan, [[Prakash Thuminad]] || Produced by Garuda Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kapata-nataka-paatradhaari/ET00115150|title=Kapata Nataka Pathradhaari (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Paapi Chirayu''
|align="center"| Nataraj J K Gowda || Raj B Gowda, [[Kuri Prathap]], Niranjan Deshpande, Manju Pavagada, Chaithra|| Produced by B Basavaraju Movies
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/paapi-chirayu/ET00116647|title=Paapi Chirayu (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Ranabhoomi''
|align="center"| Chiranjeevi Deepak || Niranjan Odeyar, [[Karunya Ram]], Sheethal Shetty, [[Ramesh Bhat]], Rathavara Loki, Danial Kuttappa|| Produced by Manasi Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/ranabhoomi/ET00114540|title=Ranabhoomi (2019) Movie info|publisher=Bookmyshow|date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''15'''
|align="center"|''[[Ayushman Bhava (2019 film)|Ayushman Bhava]]''
|align="center"| [[P. Vasu]] || [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Nidhi Subbaiah]]|| Produced by Yogish Dwarkish
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shiva-rajkumar-s-ayushman-bhava-release-date-announced-108996|title=Shiva Rajkumar's "Ayushman Bhava" release date announced|publisher=The News Minute|date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Mane Maratakkide]]''
|align="center"|[[Manju Swaraj]]
|[[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Chikkanna]], [[Prathap (Kannada actor)|Kuri Pratap]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]], [[Sruthi Hariharan]], [[Karunya Ram]]
|align="left"|'''Remake''' of Telugu film ''[[Anando Brahma]]''(2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mane-marattakide-movie-review-this-sadhu-kokila-multi-starrer-film-is-to-be-taken-lightly-without-pondering-over-logic-or-content/articleshow/72075723.cms|title = Mane Marattakide movie review: This Sadhu Kokila multi-starrer film is to be taken lightly, without pondering over logic or content}}</ref> Produced by S.V.Babu
|align="center"|<ref>{{Citation|title=Mane Maratakkide Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/mane-maratakkide/movieshow/72017391.cms|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Relax Satya]]''
|Naveen Reddy.G
|[[Prabhu Mundkur|Prabhu Mundkur]], [[Manvitha (actress)|Manvitha Kamath]]
|align="left"|'''Inspired''' by the British movie ''[[The Disappearance of Alice Creed]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/relax-sathya-movie-review-a-compact-crime-thriller-that-wont-disappoint/articleshow/72074329.cms|title = Relax Sathya movie review: A compact crime thriller that won't disappoint}}</ref> Produced by Mohan Kumar
|align="center"|<ref>{{Citation|title=Relax Satya Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Relax Satya by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/relax-satya/movie-review/72069783.cms|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Nam Gani B.Com Pass''
|align="center"|Abhishek Shetty
|Abhishek Shetty, Aishani Shetty
|align="center"|Produced by Brindavan Enterpresis
|align="center"|<ref>{{Citation|title=Nam Gani B. Com Pass Movie Review: A feel-good entertainer with elements of comedy and drama|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/nam-gani-b-com-pass/movie-review/72065769.cms|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''22'''
|align="center"|''[[Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru]]''
|align="center"|[[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|[[Jaggesh]], [[Meghana Gaonkar|Meghana Goankar]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|align="center"|Produced By Uday Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kalidasa-kannada-meshtru/ET00116788|title = Kalidasa Kannada Meshtru (2019) - Movie {{pipe}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in bengaluru - BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Kannad Gothilla]]''
|align="center"|Mayuraa Raghavendra
|[[Hariprriya]], [[Sudha Rani|Sudharani]], [[Sudha Belawadi]], Mayuraa Raghavendra
|align="center"|Produced by Shri Ramaratna Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kannad-gothilla/ET00115280|title = Kannad Gothilla (2019) - Movie {{pipe}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in bengaluru - BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Neuron''
|align="center"|Vikas Pushpagiri
| Yuva, [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], Neha Patil, Vaishnavi Menon
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/neuron/movie-review/72167868.cms|title = Neuron Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Neuron by Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Manaroopa]]''
|align="center"|Kiran Hegde
| Dileep Gowda, Anusha Rao, Nisha, Shiva.B.K
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/manaroopa/movie-review/72180587.cms|title = Manaroopa Movie Review: An engrossing thriller|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Rajalakshmi''
|align="center"|Kantharaju ST
| Naveen Thirthalli, Rashmi Gowda, [[Honnavalli Krishna]], [[Tennis Krishna]]
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/rajalakshmi/ET00117698|title = Rajalakshmi (2019) - Movie {{pipe}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in bengaluru - BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''29'''
| align="center" |''[[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (film)|Mookajjiya Kanasugalu]]''
| align="center" |[[P. Sheshadri]]
| [[B. Jayashree]]
| align="left" |'''Based''' on the novel ''[[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (novel)|Mookajjiya Kanasugalu]]'' by [[K. Shivaram Karanth]] Produced by Navyachitra Creations
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" |[[Brahmachari (2019 film)|''Brahmachari'']]
| align="center" |Chandra Mohan
| [[Sathish Ninasam|Sathish Neenasam]], [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], [[H. G. Dattatreya|H.G. Dattatreya]]
|
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/brahmachari-movie-review-ninasam-sathish-aditi-prabhudeva-starrer-is-not-short-of-entertainment-quotient/articleshow/72295932.cms|title = Brahmachari Movie Review: Ninasam Sathish, Aditi Prabhudeva starrer is not short of entertainment quotient}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Mundina Nildana]]''
| align="center" |Vinay Bharadwaj
| [[Praveen Tej]], [[Radhika Narayan]], Ajay Raj, [[H. G. Dattatreya|H.G. Dattatreya]]
|
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mundina-nildana/movie-review/72270585.cms|title = Mundina Nildana Movie Review: A beautiful slice-of-life drama|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Damayanthi (film)|Damayanthi]]''
| align="center" | Navarasan
| [[Radhika Kumaraswamy]]
| align="left" |'''Inspired''' by ''[[Anando Brahma]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/damayanthi-movie-review-trying-to-sell-the-same-house-twice/articleshow/72301255.cms|title = Damayanthi movie review: Trying to sell the same house twice}}</ref> Produced by Sri Lakshmi Vrushadhri Productions
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" |''Naane Raja''
| align="center" |Srinivas Shivara
| Suraj Krishna, Sonika Gowda
|
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/naane-raja/movie-review/72293029.cms|title=Naane Raja Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Naane Raja by Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Margaret''
| align="center" |M. S. Sreenath
| Ahalya Suresh, Saurav Lokesh, [[Rajesh Nataranga]]
|
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/margaret/movie-review/72294040.cms|title = Margaret Movie Review: The film fails to create an impact|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|- December!
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue; textcolor:#000;" | '''D E C E M B E R'''
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ADD8E6;" |'''6'''
|align="center"| ''[[Katha Sangama (2019 film)|Katha Sangama]]''
|align="center"| 7 directors
| [[Rishab Shetty]], [[Hariprriya]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
|align="left"| '''Based''' on [[Hernando Téllez]]'s short story ''Lather And Nothing Else'' and ''[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]'' Produced by [[Rishab Shetty]]
|align="center"|
|-
|align="center"|''Alidu Ulidavaru''
|align="center"|[[Arvind Sastry]]
| [[Atul Kulkarni]], [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]], [[Sangeetha Bhat]], Rockline Sudhakar
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/alidu-ulidavaru/movieshow/72346155.cms|title = Alidu Ulidavaru Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Babru]]''
|align="center"|Sujay Ramaiah
| [[Suman Nagarkar]], Prakruthi Kashyap, Sunny Moza, Mahi Hiremath
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/babru/movie-review/72380609.cms|title = Babru Movie Review: A laid-back thriller with a taut climax|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Hagalu Kanasu''
|align="center"|[[Dinesh Baboo]]
|[[Master Anand]], Saniha Yadav, Neenasam Ashwath, Chitkala Biradar
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/hagalu-kanasu/movie-review/72399165.cms|title=Hagalu Kanasu Movie Review: The film fails to impress|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''19 Age is Nonsense?''
|align="center"|Suresh M Gini
| Madhumita, Balu, Manush, Lakshmi Mandya, Kavya Prakash
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/19-age-is-nonsense/movie-review/72400739.cms|title = 19 Age is Nonsense? Movie Review: The film lacks a solid plot and fails to impress|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Avalakki Pavalakki]]''
|align="center"|Durga Prasad
|Sinchana Ponnava, Deepak Patel, Raghavendra
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ADD8E6;"|'''12'''
|align="center"| ''[[Odeya (film)|Odeya]]''
|align="center"| [[M. D. Sridhar]]
| [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], Sana Timmaiah
|align="left"| '''Remake''' of ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' Produced by N Sandesh
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/odeya/movie-review/72489999.cms|title = Odeya Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Odeya by Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ADD8E6;"|'''20'''
|align="center"| ''[[Sarvajanikarige Suvarnavakasha]]''
|align="center"| Anoop Ramaswamy
| [[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]], [[Dhanya Balakrishna]]
|align="left"| '''Based''' on [[Guy de Maupassant]]'s short story ''The Necklace''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/sarvajanikarige-suvarnavakaasha-movie-review-this-kannada-film-gives-a-new-set-of-cinematic-attire/articleshow/72907210.cms|title = Sarvajanikarige Suvarnavakaasha movie review: This Kannada film gives a new set of cinematic attire}}</ref>
|align="center"|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ADD8E6;" |'''27'''
|align="center"|''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]''
|align="center"|Sachin Ravi
|[[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Shanvi Srivastava]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Pramod Shetty]]
|align="left"|Produced by [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{citation|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/avane-srimannarayana-asn/ET00077148|title=ASN on BMS|work=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Baddi Magan Lifeu''
|align="center"|Prasad-Pavan
| Sachin Shreedar, Aishwarya Rao, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/baddi-magan-lifu/ET00116818|title = Baddi Magan Lifu (2019) - Movie {{pipe}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in bengaluru - BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/january-2019.html Kannada Upcoming Releases] at Filmibeat.com

{{Cinema of Karnataka}}
{{2019 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannada Films Of 2019}}
[[Category:Lists of 2019 films by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Kannada films by year|2019]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian cinema]]

Tripurasundari (film)

2026-03-04T04:48:08Z

Manish Khouriwal: New basic article initial version

{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tripurasundari
| director = K. Chandra Bose
| starring = [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] [[Prabha (actress)|Prabha]] [[Manju Bhargavi]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Garuda Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1978|05|05}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Tripurasundari''''' is a 1978 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by K. Chandra Bose. The film stars [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]], [[Prabha (actress)|Prabha]] and [[Manju Bhargavi]]. It was released on 5 May 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura Sundari / திரிபுர சுந்தரி |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/tripura-sundari |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130120416/https://screen4screen.com/movies/tripura-sundari |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=April 2024}}

== Cast ==
*[[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]]
*[[Prabha (actress)|Prabha]]
*[[Manju Bhargavi]]
*Meera

== Soundtrack ==
The music is scored by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiripurasundari Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/thiripurasundari-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201031717/https://mossymart.com/product/thiripurasundari-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=1 December 2023 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Duration
|---
| "En Kangal"
| [[S. Janaki]]|| 03:22
|---
| "Kattazhagu Mama
| [[S. Janaki]] || 03:24
|---
| "Vaanathu Poongili"
| [[S. Janaki]], [[Jensy Gregory|Jency]]|| 03:12
|---
| "Odam Ondru"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| 4:03
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1978 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{1970s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Naseeb (1998 film)

2026-03-04T00:01:41Z

Manish Khouriwal: new new info initial version

{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes needed|date=May 2016}}
{{unreliable sources|date=May 2016}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naseeb
| image = Naseeb1997.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Kirti Kumar
| producer = [[Vinay Kumar Sinha]] Shanti Sinha<ref>{{cite web |title=Producer |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khan-expresses-condolences-demise-film-producer-vinay-sinha-502875 |website=Pinkvila |access-date=12 September 2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912062147/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khan-expresses-condolences-demise-film-producer-vinay-sinha-502875 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| writer = Aadesh K. Arjun (dialogues)
| screenplay = Shaka Sampang
| story = Shaka Sampang
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] [[Mamta Kulkarni]] [[Kader Khan]] [[Rahul Roy]]
| music = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| cinematography = S.M. Anwar
| editing = V.N. Mayekar
| studio = Vinay Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1998|12|18||df=y}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Naseeb''''' is a 1998 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[romantic drama film]] directed by Kirti Kumar and produced by Vinay Kumar Sinha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naseeb (1998) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/naseeb-15237/cast-crew|access-date=2021-12-17|website=Cinestaan|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217074816/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/naseeb-15237/cast-crew|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Naseeb - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2491 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> It stars [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Mamta Kulkarni]] and [[Rahul Roy]] in lead roles while [[Ajit Vachani]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Kader Khan]] appear in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naseeb - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2491|access-date=2021-12-17|website=boxofficeindia.com|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217073117/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2491|url-status=live}}</ref> The movie was a cult classic and songs of the film became huge hits especially "''Shikwa Nahin Kisi Se''" remains popular till today. Govinda's performance was also well received by audience and critics and is considered to be one of his finest performances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiti Paul acting Naseeb Govinda |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/viral/report-tanzania-kili-paul-lip-syncs-to-govinda-famous-dialogue-naseeb-watch-viral-video-2931716 |website=DNA |access-date=12 September 2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912061947/https://www.dnaindia.com/viral/report-tanzania-kili-paul-lip-syncs-to-govinda-famous-dialogue-naseeb-watch-viral-video-2931716 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with an inebriated Krishna Prasad ([[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]) who is [[attempting suicide]], but is interrupted by Chaban ([[Kader Khan]]) who stops him. Krishna befriends Chaban and helps him with his business. Deepak Bajaj ([[Rahul Roy]]) comes in for a job interview with Krishna's company and is hired.

One day Deepak's car has a problem, and Krishna takes him to his home where he sees Pooja ([[Mamta Kulkarni]]), wife of Deepak. In a flashback it is revealed that Krishna is a car mechanic and Pooja is going to a party with her friends. Her car has a problem and Krishna fixes it. Pooja then takes Krishna home. The two keep in touch, and eventually fall in love. Pooja's father, Din Dayal ([[Ajit Vachhani]]), meets Krishna and offers him money so he can open his factory. However, Krishna refuses, and decides that he will only marry Pooja when he has become a successful businessman. During this time he writes to Pooja telling her to forget him. Pooja is heartbroken. When Krishna returns, he is also heartbroken to see Pooja has married another man. On Krishna's birthday, Deepak and Pooja are invited to his party. Pooja is surprised to see Krishna's mansion, since it has every feature that she wanted and she had told to Krishna. Deepak and Pooja meet Krishna, and while everyone is dancing Krishna tries to kiss Pooja. This enrages Deepak who slaps Krishna. Krishna then apologizes to Pooja. Deepak insults Krishna, who gets enraged and fights with Deepak and gets him arrested on charges of embezzling money.

Deepak's father begs Krishna to release Deepak, but Krishna tells him that he wants Pooja in return. This infuriates Deepak's father. Pooja thinks that Krishna wants to sleep with her, but Krishna slaps her and tells her that he only loves her and he did all this just so that she can understand his feelings.

Krishna releases Deepak who kicks Pooja out of his house. Master Chaban then takes her to his house. Chaban goes to Dharamdas and learns that he burnt the second letter. Chaban goes to Krishna, who takes Pooja to Deepak and tells him how much Pooja loves Deepak, but Deepak rejects the story. Krishna commits suicide by shooting himself and dies in the arms of Deepak and Pooja.

==Cast==
*[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Krishna Prasad
*[[Rahul Roy]] as Deepak Bajaj
*[[Mamta Kulkarni]] as Pooja Dayal
*[[Ajit Vachani]] as Din Dayal
*[[Beena Banerjee]] as Mrs. Din Dayal
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Lalli
*[[Dinesh Tiloo]] as Lallis' friend
*[[Kader Khan]] as Master Chaban
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Dharamdas Bajaj
*[[Sudha Chandran]]

==Soundtrack==
The film was average in terms of collection, however, its soundtrack was very popular. The Lyrics was written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] and Music composed by [[Nadeem-Shravan]]. Most popular songs in album "Shikwa Nahin Kisi Se", "Tumhi Ne Meri Zindagi", "Chanda Sitare".

And songs sang by [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]], Anuradha Paudwal, Kavita Krishnamurthy and Babul Supriyo.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Chaanda Sitare"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 2
| "Churaa Lenge"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| 3
| "Kabhi Jo Bhoolna Chahoon"
| Kumar Sanu
|-
| 4
| "Seene Pe"
| Udit Narayan, [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| 5
| "Shikwa Nahin Kisi Se"
| Kumar Sanu
|-
| 6
| "Tumhi Ne Meri Zindagi"
| [[Babul Supriyo]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0119760}}

[[Category:1998 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nadeem–Shravan]]

Bhanumati Gari Mogudu

2026-03-03T19:04:30Z

Manish Khouriwal: correct structure to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhanumati Gari Mogudu
| image = Bhanumati Gari Mogudu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] A. Kodandarami Reddy
| story = [[P. Kalaimani]]
| producer = D. V. S. Raju
| director = [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Vijayashanti]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[Nandamuri Mohana Krishna]]
| editing = K. Babu Rao
| studio = D.V.S. Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1987|11|18}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bhanumati Gari Mogudu''''' ({{translation|Bhanumati's husband}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]], produced by D. V. S. Raju under the D.V.S. Enterprises banner and directed by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]. It stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Vijayashanti]], and music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]].<ref name="Heading">{{cite web|url=http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/595/bhanumatigaari-mogudu-cast.html |title=Heading |publisher=Chithr.com}}</ref><ref name="Heading-2">{{cite web |url=http://www.nthwall.com/te/movie/Bhanumati-Gari-Mogudu-1987/8291800895 |title=Heading-2 |publisher=Nth Wall |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213064423/http://www.nthwall.com/te/movie/Bhanumati-Gari-Mogudu-1987/8291800895 |archivedate=13 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Heading-3">{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/bhanumathigaari-mogudu-movie/17675 |title=Heading-3 |publisher=gomolo}}</ref> Kalaimani, directed Tamil remake of the film ''[[Therkathi Kallan]]'' (1988).

==Plot==
Bhanumati, a wealthy and arrogant heiress, humiliates four people who sold her friends fake perfumes. Meanwhile in a village, Jayakrishna, an uneducated yet courageous young man, resides with his mother. Gowri, a prankish girl, harbors romantic feelings for him. She tries to charm him, but to no avail. A landlord threatens Jayakrishna's mother to remove the grave of her father-in-law, to which Jayakrishna objects. He is given an ultimatum - purchase the 1 [[acre]] plot that has his grandfather's grave within a year or lose it. So, Jayakrishna aims to acquire the plot and moves to [[Hyderabad]].

Upon arriving in Hyderabad, Jayakrishna encounters Bhanumati who, along with her friends, bullies and gets him arrested. At the police station, an absent-minded film production manager mistakenly bails Jayakrishna out, believing him to be a screenwriter. Jayakrishna inadvertently lands a role as a stunt double in a film production. Meanwhile, Bhanumati is proposed to be married to the 4 people who she previously humiliated, which she vehemently refuses to, once again humiliating them.

Bhanumati's former assistant turned sister-in-law, Rani, along with Bhanumati's brother, Raghava resists Bhanumati's extravagant spending. Enraged, she demands her advocate Kodal Rao to divide their property. However, he reveals that she must marry to inherit her share. Kodal Rao, gives the sense of a forge knit hiring a nameless. Forthwith, Bhanumati is forayed by the four wicked when Jaya Krishna guards her. Bhanumathi is aware of his must and leases him as her husband: Bhanumati's sibling Raghava and his wife Rani couple the two via registered marriage. After a series of donnybrooks, Jaya Krishna is vexed with Bhanumati and set to quit. At that juncture, Raghava bars & tells him that Bhanumati is officially his wife and he is the perfect chap to transform her. From there, Jaya Krishna charges & taunts Bhanumati to get her along with him and back to the village.

Presently, Bhanumati knows that her husband's authorization & approval are inevitable for any transaction. Hence, she is intrigued to get a divorce and travel to his village. Accordingly, Bhanumati designs diverse attempts and seeks the aid of Gowri, but in vain, and it ends hilariously. After a while, four black-hearted again inroad on Bhanumati when she accidentally lands at a Police Station; as soon as the four ruses turn around, the case on Bhanumati. During that plight, Jaya Krishna arrives and proclaims her as his wife. Then, the Inspector behests the proof; Jaya Krishna ties the wedding chain to Bhanumati. As a result, soul-searching begins, and she desires to reach her husband that night. Gowri shelters her.

The next day, as startled, Gowri is spotted as dead, which incriminates Bhanumati. Here, Jaya Krishna finds something fishy and starts soon, and he breaks the mystery by catching Baddikotu Pakir, who entices Gowri. Indeed, that evening, the four knaves bribed Pakir to snare Bhanumati and surrender to them. Simultaneously, Gowri is conscious that Bhanumati is backing, bearing in mind her love. For that reason, she has forged ahead to knit Pakir, but he hoodwinked and handled Gowri to heels who slain her in the chaos. At last, Jaya Krishna ceases the baddies and acquits Bhanumati, who apologizes to her husband. Finally, the movie ends happily, with Bhanumati accompanying Jaya Krishna to their village.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Jayakrishna
*[[Vijayashanti]] as Bhanumati
*[[Ashwini (actress)|Aswini]] as Gowri
*[[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Inspector
*[[Giri Babu]] as Raghava
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Baddikotu Pakir
*Rajesh as Mukunda
*[[Paruchuri Brothers|Paruchuri Venteswara Rao]] as Director
*[[Nagesh]] as Lawyer Chinta Singinadham
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Lawyer Kodal Rao
*Ramana Reddy as Swamy
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Sarpanch
*K. K. Sarma as Production Manager
*Chidatala Appa Rao as Appa Rao
*Jagga Rao as Subbaiah
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as Public Prosecutor
*Bhimeswara Rao as Bank Manager
*Vankayala Satyanarayana as Public Prosecutor
*[[Mucherla Aruna|Mucharlla Aruna]] as Rani
*Pushpalata as Jayakrishna's mother
*[[Nirmalamma]] as Bhanumathi's aunt
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bhanumati Gari Mogudu
| type = film
| artist = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1987
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 21:02
| label = Saptaswar Audio
| producer = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| prev_title = [[President Gari Abbai]]
| prev_year = 1987
| next_title = [[Inspector Pratap]]
| next_year = 1988
}}

Music was composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]], and lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music was released by Saptaswar Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Bhanumathi Pelli Neede"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|4:09
|-
|2
|"Kattukunna Mogude"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
|4:11
|-
|3
|"Mallepoovu"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|4:07
|-
|4
|"Jogilangu Jogilangu"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[P. Susheela]]
|4:13
|-
|5
|"Vayyaram Adigindi"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:22
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt5084300}}
{{A. Kodandarami Reddy}}

[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:1987 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by the Paruchuri brothers]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1987 comedy-drama films]]

List of Kolkata Metro stations

2026-03-01T18:03:02Z

Manish Khouriwal: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|List of all operational, under-construction and planned stations of Kolkata Metro}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{GeoGroup|article=Category:Kolkata Metro stations}}
{{Kolkata Metro sidebar}}

This is the list of the stations of [[Kolkata Metro]], a Mass [[Rapid transit]] Urban Railway network serving the city of [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. It was the first underground railway to be built in India. The first operations commenced in October 1984, and the full stretch that was initially planned was operational by February 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/kolkata-metro-the-oldest-metro-rail-system-in-india-shows-signs-it-will-pick-up-pace/634739/|title=Kolkata Metro: The oldest metro rail system in India shows signs it will pick up pace|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=20 April 2017|access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>

{{As of|2025|08|22}}, there are 58 metro stations with five operational lines, the [[Blue Line (Kolkata Metro)|Blue Line]] (with 26 stations), [[Green Line (Kolkata Metro)|Green Line]] (with 12 stations), [[Purple Line (Kolkata Metro)|Purple Line]] (with 7 stations) , [[Yellow Line (Kolkata Metro)|Yellow Line]] (with 4 stations) and [[Orange Line (Kolkata Metro)|Orange Line]] (with 9 stations).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cabinet-gives-nod-to-rs-8-575-crore-east-west-metro-corridor-project-in-kolkata/story-BZt0gaSh2YwxHhXj7iWuMM.html|title=Cabinet gives nod to Rs 8,575 crore East-West Metro Corridor project in Kolkata|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>

==List of operational stations==

{{self-reference|This list is sortable. Click on the [[File:Sort both.gif]] icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.}}
{{sticky header}}{{sort under}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under" style="text-align: left;" style=font-size:85%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" width="1%" |#
! colspan="2" width="15%" |Station name
! rowspan="2" |Station code
! rowspan="2" width="15%" |Photo
! rowspan="2" width="8%" |Line
! rowspan="2" width="12%" |Opened
! rowspan="2" width="5%"|Closed
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Layout
! rowspan="2" width="8%" |Platform type
! rowspan="2" width="14%" |Notes
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Coordinates
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Refs
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! rowspan="2" align="center" |1
| rowspan="2"align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Kavi Subhash}}
| rowspan="2"align="center" |কবি সুভাষ
| KKVS
| [[File:New Garia Metro Station.jpg|180 px]]
| align="center"| {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |7 October 2010
| align="center" |28 July 2025
| rowspan="2"align="center" |At grade
| rowspan="2"align="center" |1 [[Island platform|island]] and 4 [[Side platform|side]]
| rowspan="2"|Also known as [[New Garia]], named after Bengali poet [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subash Mukherjee]].
| rowspan="2"|{{Coord|22|28|19|N|88|23|53|E|}}
| rowspan="2"|<ref name="financialexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/good-news-for-devotees-soon-visiting-dakshineswar-kali-temple-to-be-easier-metro-station-work-in-final-stage/2129967/|title=Good news for devotees! Soon visiting Dakshineswar Kali Temple to be easier; Metro Station work in final stage|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=17 November 2020|access-date=18 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|KKSO
| [[File:Kavi_Subhash_metro_station_as_seen_in_Narendra_Modi's_video.jpg|180 px]]
| align="center"|{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center"|6 March 2024
| align="center" |
|-
! align="center" |2
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Shahid Khudiram}}
| align="center" |শহীদ ক্ষুদিরাম
|KSKD
| [[File:Shahid Khudiram Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |7 October 2010
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as Briji/[[Dhalai Bridge]], named after [[Khudiram Bose|Shahid Khudiram Bose]].
|{{Coord|22|27|57.5|N|88|23|30|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/first-public-toilets-in-kolkata-metro-opened-at-two-stations-5380655/|title=First public toilets in kolkata metro opened at two stations|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |3
| align="center" | {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Kavi Nazrul}}
| align="center" |কবি নজরুল
|KKNZ
|[[File:Garia Bazar Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2009
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Garia]] Bazar, named after the Bangladeshi poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]
|{{Coord|22|46|42|N|88|38|04|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/man-shot-dead-near-garia-metro-station-in-kolkata/536150/|title=Man Shot dead near garia metro station in kolkata|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=2 November 2009|access-date=3 November 2009}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |4
| align="center" | {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Gitanjali}}
| align="center" |গীতাঞ্জলি
|KGTN
| [[File:Gitanjali metro station during Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station to Netaji Bhavan metro journey 06.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2009
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Naktala]], named after Rabindranath Tagore's poetry [[Gitanjali]].
|{{Coord|22|47|00|N|88|37|00|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/metro-service-in-calcutta-disrupted-after-suicide-attempt/cid/1751430|title=Metro service in Calcutta disrupted after suicide attempt|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |5
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Masterda Surya Sen}}
| align="center" |মাস্টারদা সূর্য সেন
|KMSN
| [[File:Masterda Surya Sen metro station (as of Jul '22).jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2009
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Bansdroni]], named after the boy of Chittagong, [[Surya Sen]].
|{{Coord|22.473521|88.360871|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/koltata-man-held-for-harassing-lady-passenger-in-metro/articleshow/70756936.cms|title=Koltata: Man held for harassing woman passenger in metro|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=20 August 2019|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |6
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Netaji}}
| align="center" |নেতাজি
|KNTJ
| [[File:Netaji Metro Station 1.jpg|left|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2009
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Kudghat]], named after Bengali freedom fighter [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]]
|{{Coord|22.480976|88.346000|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-metro-near-stampede-after-power-trips/articleshow/63777095.cms|title=Kolkata Metro: Near-stampede situation after power trips|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=16 April 2018|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |7
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mahanayak Uttam Kumar}}
| align="center" |মহানায়ক উত্তম কুমার
|KMUK
|[[File:TOLLYGUNGECAL.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |29 April 1986
| align="center" |
| align="center" |At grade
| align="center" |1 [[Island platform|island]] and 1 [[Side platform|side]]
|Also known as [[Tollygunge]], named after the Bengali actor [[Uttam Kumar]].
|{{Coord|22|29|41|N|88|20|42|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/power-snag-halts-metro-services-for-four-hours/articleshow/78392540.cms|title=Power snag halts Metro services for four hours|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=30 September 2020|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |8
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Rabindra Sarobar}}
| align="center" |রবীন্দ্র সরোবর
|KRSB
| [[File:KolkataMetro3000siries.JPG|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |29 April 1986
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Charu Market]] and [[Dhakuria, Kolkata|Dhakuria]].
|{{Coord|22|30|26|N|88|20|44|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/suicide-bid-hits-metro-services/articleshow/74643296.cms|title=Suicide bid hits Kolkata Metro services|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=16 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |9
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Kalighat}}
| align="center" |কালীঘাট
|KKHG
| [[File:Shrine, Kalighat Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |29 April 1986
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Rashbehari Avenue|Rashbehari Basu]], named after the Indian goddess [[Kali|Maa Kali]].
|{{Coord|22.516652|N|88.346003|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/more-lifts-escalators-at-metro/cid/1214567|title=More lifts, escalators at Kalighat Metro station|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]|date=10 May 2014|access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |10
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Jatin Das Park}}
| align="center" |যতীন দাস পার্ক
|KJPK
| [[File:Jatin Das Park metro station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |29 April 1986
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as Hazra, named after the Bengali freedom fighter [[Jatindra Nath Das|Jatin Das]].
|{{Coord|22.524262|N|88.346489|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/anurag-maitreyi-jatin-das-metro-transgender-harassed-oc-demoted-in-kolkata-for-insensitive-handling-of-case/|title=Transgender Harassed, OC demoted in Kolkata for 'insensitive handling' of case|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=4 March 2016|access-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |11
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Netaji Bhavan}}
| align="center" |নেতাজি ভবন
|KNBN
| [[File:Netaji bhawan metro station during Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station to Netaji Bhavan metro journey 01.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |24 October 1984
| align="center " |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Bhawanipore]], meaning ''Netaji's house'' in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].
|{{Coord|22|32|00|N|88|20|46|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/netaji-bhavan-metro-mans-palm-gets-stuck-between-kolkata-metro-trains-door-escapes-unhurt-2074196|title=Man's Palm Gets Stuck Between Kolkata Metro Train's Door, Escapes Unhurt|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=23 July 2019|access-date=24 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |12
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Rabindra Sadan}}
| align="center" |রবীন্দ্র সদন
|KRSD
| [[File:রবীন্দ্র সদন মেট্রো স্টেশন 1.JPG|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |24 October 1984
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as Exide
| {{Coord|22|32|29|N|88|20|50|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/metro-services-hit-after-cable-burst/articleshow/71797668.cms|title=Metro services hit after cable burst|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=29 October 2019|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |13
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Maidan}}
| align="center" |ময়দান
|KMDI
| [[File:Maidan metro station, Kolkata.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |24 October 1984
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Gostho Pal]]
|{{Coord|22|32|58|N|88|20|56|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/metro-operations-hit-after-suicide-bid-at-maidan-station/articleshow/72250649.cms|title=Metro operations hit after suicide bid at Maidan station|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=27 November 2019|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |14
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Park Street}}
| align="center" |পার্ক স্ট্রীট
|KPSK
| [[File:Park Street Calcutta.jpg|230x230px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |24 October 1984
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Mother Teresa]]
|{{Coord|22|33|18|N|88|21|01|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-metro-suspended-park-street-accident-5828076/|title=Kolkata Metro Suspended after park street metro accident|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=13 July 2019|access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" align="center" |15
| rowspan="2"align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Esplanade}}
| rowspan="2"align="center" |এসপ্ল্যানেড
| rowspan="2"|KESP
| [[File:Esplanade Metro Station, Kolkata, India.jpg|180 px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |24 October 1984
| align="center" |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Underground
| rowspan="2"align="center" |2 [[Island platform|island]] and 2 [[Side platform|side]]
| rowspan="2"|It is the [[Kolkata Metro|Kolkata Metro's]] largest station. Also known as Dharmatala
| rowspan="2"|{{Coord|22|33|52|N|88|21|06|E|}}
| rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kolkata/2020/nov/03/suicide-attempt-affects-kolkata-metro-rail-services-2218824.html|title=Suicide attempt affects Kolkata Metro Rail services|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Esplanade metro station pics 13.jpg|180 px]]
| align="center"| {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center"| 6 March 2024
| align="center" |
|-
! align="center" |16
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Chandni Chowk}}
| align="center" |চাঁদনি চক
|KCWC
| [[File:Chandni chowk metro station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |15 February 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as Ganesh Chandra Avenue
|{{Coord|22.566796|N|88.354137|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/user-friendly-escalators-to-make-metro-commute-easier/articleshow/67173638.cms|title=User-friendly escalators to make Metro commute easier|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=20 December 2018|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |17
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Central}}
| align="center" |সেন্ট্রাল
|KCEN
| [[File:Central Metro Station Calcutta Metro 2.JPG|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |15 February 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Bowbazar|Bepin Behari Ganguly Street]]
|{{Coord|22.572470|N|88.358788|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/kolkata-metro-services-disrupted-after-woman-attempts-suicide-on-tracks-2097866|title=Kolkata Metro Services Disrupted After Woman Attempts Suicide On Tracks|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=9 September 2019|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |18
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mahatma Gandhi Road}}
| align="center" |মহাত্মা গান্ধী রোড
|KMHR
| [[File:MG_ROAD_WEST_PLATFORM.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |27 September 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Mahajati Sadan]] and [[Chittaranjan Avenue]]
|{{Coord|22.580858|N|88.361401|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-metro-makes-use-of-lockdown-installs-new-escalator-at-mahatma-gandhi-road-station/articleshow/77785220.cms|title=Kolkata Metro makes use of lockdown, installs new escalator at Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=27 August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |19
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Girish Park}}
| align="center" |গিরীশ পার্ক
|KGPK
|[[File:Kolkata Metro CRRC Dalian rake 3.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |15 February 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as [[Jorasanko]], the birthplace of [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|{{Coord|22.587143|N|88.363083|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kolkata/sparks-in-third-rail-hit-kolkata-metro-services-2185755.html|title=Sparks in third rail hit Kolkata Metro services|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=7 March 2019|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |20
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Shobhabazar Sutanuti}}
| align="center" |শোভাবাজার সুতানুটি
|KSHO
| [[File:Sova Gate 2.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |15 February 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as Hatkhola
|{{Coord|22.596029|N|88.365285|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/kolkata-metro-service-partially-disrupted-by-passengers-protest/1193423/|title=Kolkata metro service partially disrupted by passengers protest|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=4 June 2018|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |21
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Shyambazar}}
| align="center" |শ্যামবাজার
|KSHY
| [[File:Shyambazar Metro Station 02.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |15 February 1995
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.601313|N|88.372586|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/metro-rake-breaks-down-in-tunnel/articleshow/74584491.cms|title=West Bengal: Metro rake breaks down in tunnel|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |22
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Belgachhia}}
| align="center" |বেলগাছিয়া
|KBEL
| [[File:Belgachia Station.JPG|180x180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |12 November 1984
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|None
|{{Coord|22|36|21|N|88|23|11|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/metro-services-disrupted-due-to-technical-glitches-47838.html|title=Metro services disrupted due to technical glitches|publisher=[[India TV]]|date=21 February 2015|access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |23
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Dum Dum}}
| align="center" |দমদম
|KDMI
|[[File:Dumdum Metro Station Jn..JPG|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |12 November 1984
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22|37|16|N|88|23|34|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/01/couple-beaten-up-for-hugging-in-kolkatas-dum-dum-metro-station-1808802.html|title=Couple beaten up for hugging in Kolkata's Dum Dum metro station|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=1 May 2018|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" align="center" |24
| rowspan="2" align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Noapara}}
|rowspan="2" align="center" |নোয়াপাড়া
|rowspan="2"|KNAP
| rowspan="2"|[[File:INSIDENOAPARACAL.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |10 July 2013
| rowspan="2" align="center" |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Elevated
|rowspan="2" align="center" |2 [[Side platforms|side]] and 1 [[Island platforms|island]]
|rowspan="2"|Also known as [[Sarada Devi|Maa Sarada]]
|rowspan="2"|{{Coord|22|38|23|N|88|23|38|E|}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref name="Name">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Mamata-paves-way-for-Metros-northern-journey/articleshow/5406431.cms|title=Mamata paves way for Metro's northern journey|author=TNN|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=3 January 2010 |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Airport metro dream may come true in March |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkatas-airport-metro-set-to-launch-in-march-2025-key-developments-and-benefits/articleshow/114480956.cms |url-status= |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|yellow|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
|-
!25
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Baranagar}}
| align="center" | বরাহনগর
|KBAR
|[[File:BaranagarMetro.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 February 2021
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Swami Vivekananda]]
|{{Coord|22.653529|N|88.378873|E|region:IN-WB_type:railwaystation|display=inline,title}}
|<ref name="financialexpress.com"/>
|-
!26
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Dakshineswar}}
| align="center" | দক্ষিণেশ্বর
|KDSW
| [[File:Dakshineswar Railway Station (in middle) building built as a replica of the iconic Dakshineswar Temple, and the Dakshineswar metro station (in right) in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, photo by Yogabrata Chakraborty.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|blue|croute}}
| align="center" |22 February 2021
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platform|Side]]
|Also known as [[Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna]]
|{{coord|22.653971|N|88.363724|E|}}
|<ref name="financialexpress.com"/>
|-
! align="center" |27
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Salt Lake Sector-V}}
| align="center" |সল্টলেক সেক্টর V
|SVSA
| [[File:Under Construction Sector V Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Largest station on Green Line
|{{coord|22.581318|N|88.429822|E|}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title= Kolkata all set to welcome East-West Metro service on February 13 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-all-set-to-welcome-east-west-metro-service-on-february-13-1645836-2020-02-12 |access-date=13 February 2020 |publisher=www.indiatoday.in |date=13 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |28
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Karunamoyee}}
| align="center" |করুণাময়ী
|KESA
| [[File:Karunamoyee metro station 05.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|First station in Kolkata to have Platform Screen Door
|{{Coord|22.586435|N|88.421515|E}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/fitted-first-lot-of-metro-platform-doors/cid/1654891|title=Fitted: first lot of Metro platform doors|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]|date=28 August 2018|access-date=29 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |29
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Central Park}}
| align="center" |সেন্ট্রাল পার্ক
|CPSA
| [[File:Central Park Metro Station 09.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.590437|N|88.415605|E}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kolkata/2018/jul/05/kolkata-east-west-metro-route-has-its-first-trial-run-1838775.html|title=Kolkata East-West metro route has its first trial run|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=7 July 2018|access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |30
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|City Center}}
| align="center" |সিটি সেন্টার
|CCSC
| [[File:সিটি সেন্টার রেলওয়ে স্টেশনের ভিতরের অংশ ১.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.587069|N|88.407875|E}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/e-w-trains-to-ply-every-20-mins-stop-for-20-secs-at-each-station/articleshow/69732386.cms|title=Kolkata East-West Metro trains to ply every 20 mins, stop for 20 seconds at every station|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=11 June 2019|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |31
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Bengal Chemical}}
| align="center" |বেঙ্গল কেমিক্যাল
|BCSD
| [[File:বেঙ্গল কেমিক্যাল মেট্রো স্টেশন ১.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as [[Prafulla Chandra Ray|Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray]]
|{{Coord|22.580076|N|88.401283|E}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/east-west-metro-set-off-on-its-first-public-ride/cid/1747112|title=East West Metro set off on its first public ride|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]|date=20 February 2020|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |32
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Salt Lake Stadium}}
| align="center" |সল্টলেক স্টেডিয়াম
|SSSA
| [[File:Salt Lake Stadium Metro Station 19.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |13 February 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22|34|23|N|88|24|11|E|}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/metro-station-in-kolkata-named-after-indian-football-association/articleshow/78573011.cms|title=Metro station in Kolkata named after Indian Football Association|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |33
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Phoolbagan}}
| align="center" |ফুলবাগান
|PBGB
|[[File:Phoolbagan-Metro-Station.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |4 October 2020
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.572140|N|88.390282|E}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/phoolbagan-station-of-kolkata-s-east-west-metro-starts-functioning/story-w1BLtUYHZJTe84w3x4RiOL.html |title=Phoolbagan station of Kolkata's East-West metro starts functioning |date=5 October 2020 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |34
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Sealdah}}
| align="center" |শিয়ালদহ
|SDHM
|[[File:শিয়ালদহ মেট্রো স্টেশন - Sealdah metro station.jpg|180x180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |11 July 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |1 [[Island platform|island]] and 2 [[Side platform|side]]
|Connected with Sealdah Railway Station. Interchange with local, suburban and national rail services.
|{{Coord|22.567207|N|88.371497|E|}}
|<ref name="timesnownews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/kolkata/kolkata-new-sealdah-metro-station-is-all-set-to-be-inaugurated-today-commercial-operations-to-start-on-july-15-article-92798562 |title=Kolkata: New Sealdah metro station is all set to be inaugurated today, commercial operations to start on July 15 |date=11 July 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |35
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mahakaran}}
| align="center" |মহাকরণ
|MKNA
|[[File:Mahakaran metro station 09.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" | {{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Island platform|Island]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.571189|N|88.350106|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-19 |title=Hope for ops start of three new Metro links in March first week |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hope-for-ops-start-of-three-new-metro-links-in-march-first-week/articleshow/107806433.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! align="center" |36
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Howrah}}
| align="center" |হাওড়া
|HWHM
|[[File:Howrah Metro Station.JPG|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |1 [[Island platform|island]] and 2 [[Side platform|side]]
|Deepest station in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constrofacilitator.com/howrah-metro-station-is-indias-deepest-subway/|title=Howrah metro station is India's deepest subway|date=2019-08-20|website=Constro Facilitator|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220162726/https://www.constrofacilitator.com/howrah-metro-station-is-indias-deepest-subway/|archive-date=20 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Interchange with local suburban and national rail services
|{{Coord|22.584454|N|88.340578|E|}}
|<ref name="timesnownews.com"/>
|-
! align="center" |37
| align="center" |{{stl|Kolkata Metro|Howrah Maidan}}
| align="center" |হাওড়া ময়দান
|HWMM
|[[File:আজ হাওড়া ময়দান মেট্রো উদ্‌বোধন Opening of Howrah Maidan Metro today (cropped).jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|green|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |1 [[Island platform|island]]
|Serving [[Sailen Manna Stadium|Howrah Municipal Corporation Stadium]]
|{{Coord|22.581998|N|88.332994|E|}}
|<ref name="timesnownews.com"/>
|-
! align="center" |38
| align="center" |[[Joka metro station|Joka]]
| align="center" |জোকা
|KJKA
|[[File:Joka Metro Station Gate E.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Diamond Park
|{{Coord|22.452244|N|88.301751|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine/>
|-
!align="center" |39
| align="center" |[[Thakurpukur metro station|Thakurpukur]]
|align="center" |ঠাকুরপুকুর
|KTKP
|[[File:Thakurpukur Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{coord|22.464261|N|88.307555|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine/>
|-
!align="center" |40
| align="center" |[[Behala Sakherbazar metro station|Sakherbazar]]
|align="center" |সখেরবাজার
|KSKB
| [[File:Sakherbazar Metro Station Entrance.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Silpara
|{{coord|22.474611|N|88.309991|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine/>
|-
!align="center" |41
| align="center" |[[Behala Chowrasta metro station|Behala Chowrasta]]
|align="center" |বেহালা চৌরাস্তা
|KBCR
| [[File:Behala Chowrasta Metro Station Gate C.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.487529|N|88.313426|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine/>
|-
!align="center" |42
| align="center" |[[Behala Bazar metro station|Behala Bazar]]
|align="center" |বেহালা বাজার
|KBBR
|[[File:Behala Bazar Metro Gate A.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.498929|N|88.317354|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine/>
|-
!align="center" |43
| align="center" |[[Taratala metro station|Taratala]]
|align="center" |তারাতলা
|KTRT
| [[File:Taratala Metro Station Platform No. 1.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |30 December 2022
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Pathakpara
|{{coord|22.508165|N|88.320563|E|}}
|<ref name =PurpleLine>{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Joka-Taratala stretch of Kolkata Metro; See Pics |url=https://zeenews.india.com/railways/pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-joka-taratala-stretch-of-kolkata-metro-see-pics-2555721.html |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=zeenews.india.com |date=30 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
!align="center" |44
| align="center" |[[Majerhat metro station|Majerhat]]
|align="center" |মাঝেরহাট
|KMJH
| [[File:Majerhat metro station, majerhat railway station and Majerhat bridge tour 59.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|purple|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{coord|22.5191|N|88.3234|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |45
| align="center" |[[Satyajit Ray metro station|Satyajit Ray]]
|align="center" |সত্যজিৎ রায়
|KSJR
| [[File:Satyajit Ray Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as [[Chak Garia]] / [[Ajoy Nagar]], named after Bengali movie director [[Satyajit Ray]].
|{{coord|22.4846|N|88.3926|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |46
| align="center" |[[Jyotirindra Nandi metro station|Jyotirindra Nandi]]
|align="center" |জ্যোতিরিন্দ্র নন্দী
|KJNN
| [[File:Jyotirindra Nandi Metro Station.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Singhbari, named after the Bengali author [[Jyotirindranath Nandi|Jyotirindra Nath Nandi]].
|{{coord|22.495915|N|88.398667|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |47
| align="center" |[[Kavi Sukanta metro station|Kavi Sukanta]]
|align="center" |কবি সুকান্ত
|KKSK
| [[File:Kavi Sukhanta Metro station as seen in Narendra Modi's video.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Avishikta More, named after the Bengali teenage poet [[Sukanta Bhattacharya]].
|{{coord|22.505262|N|88.400996|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |48
| align="center" |[[Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station|Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]]
|align="center" |হেমন্ত মুখোপাধ্যায়
|KHMD
| [[File:Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station 04.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |6 March 2024
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Ruby more, named after the Bengali playback singer [[Hemant Kumar|Hemanta Mukherjee]].
|{{coord|22.514777|N|88.401469|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |49
| align="center" |[[VIP Bazar metro station|VIP Bazar]]
|align="center" |ভিআইপি বাজার
|KVIB
| [[File:VIPBazaarMetroStnKolkata.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{coord|22.525500|N|88.395860|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |50
| align="center" |[[Ritwik Ghatak metro station|Ritwik Ghatak]]
|align="center" |ঋত্বিক ঘটক
|KRWG
| [[File:Kolkata metro line 6 tour 06.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Bantala Road/Uttar Panchanagram, named after the Bengali movie director [[Ritwik Ghatak]].
|{{Coord|22.5328605|N|88.3957647|E}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |51
| align="center" |[[Barun Sengupta metro station|Barun Sengupta]]
|align="center" |বরুণ সেনগুপ্ত
|KBST
| [[File:Barun sengupta metro station 01.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Metropolitan/Science City/Dhapa/Mathpukur, named after the Bengali journalist Barun Sengupta.
|{{Coord|22.543986|N|88.339274|E}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |52
| align="center" |[[Beleghata metro station|Beleghata]]
|align="center" |বেলেঘাটা
|KBGA
| [[File:Kolkata metro line 6 tour 16.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|orange|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|Also known as Tangra Metropolitan Township
|{{Coord|22.550703|N|88.404094|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |53
| align="center" |[[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station|Dum Dum Cantonment]]
|align="center" |দমদম ক্যান্টনমেন্ট
|KDCM
| [[File:Dum Dum Cantonment Metro Stn. (Gate No. 3).jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|yellow|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Elevated
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.6380|N|88.4123|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |54
| align="center" |[[Jessore Road metro station|Jessore Road]]
|align="center" |যশোহর রোড
|KJRO
| [[File:Jessore Road metro station pics from 8 July 2025 morning 38.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|yellow|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |At Grade
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]]
|None
|{{Coord|22.6395137|N|88.4297765|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
!align="center" |55
| align="center" |[[Jai Hind metro station|Jai Hind]]
|align="center" |জয় হিন্দ
|KJHD
| [[File:Jai Hind Metro Station (Nov 2024-Apr 2025) time lapse pics 22.jpg|180px]]
| align="center" |{{rcb|Kolkata Metro|yellow|croute}}
| align="center" |22 August 2025
| align="center" |
| align="center" |Underground
| align="center" |[[Side platforms|Side]] & [[Island platform|Island]]
|Also known as Biman Bandar, named after Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's slogan [[Jai Hind]].
|{{Coord|22.64619|N|88.43591|E|}}
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|}

== List of stations proposed, approved, under planning or under construction ==
[[Kolkata Metro]] is undergoing a significant expansion, with an additional line ([[Pink Line (Kolkata Metro)|Pink Line]]) in the planning stages. There is ongoing work on three existing lines ([[Purple Line (Kolkata Metro)|Purple Line]], [[Yellow Line (Kolkata Metro)|Yellow Line]] and [[Orange Line (Kolkata Metro)|Orange Line]]) to complete their planned length. Once all construction phases are finished, the [[Kolkata Metro]] network will gain 48 additional stations, currently 19 stations are under construction and 29 stations are in the planning stage. Here is the list of all planned and under construction stations along with their respective lines.

{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image2 = Satyajit Ray metro station 2020.jpg
| image3 = Dum Dum Cantonment metro station.png
| image4 = Satyajit Ray metro station.jpg
| image5 = Airport metro station.png
| align =
| total_width =
| alt1 =
| caption2 = [[Satyajit Ray metro station]]
| caption3 = [[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station]]
| caption4 = Metro flyover near Satyajit Ray metro station
| caption5 = Construction of Airport metro station
}}

=== Green Line ===
From [[Howrah Maidan metro station|Howrah Maidan]] to [[Teghoria]] via [[Dharmatala]] and [[Bidhannagar|Salt Lake]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"|Name of the planned station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from Howrah Maidan (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! 1
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Teghoria}}
| তেঘরিয়া
| [[Teghoria]]
|16.7
| rowspan="5"|Proposed
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | –
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Raghunathpur}}
| রঘুনাথপুর
| [[Baguiati]]
| 14.2
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Baguiati}}
| বাগুইআটি
| [[Baguiati]]
|13.6
|-
! 4
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Kestopur}}
| কেষ্টপুর
| [[Dum Dum Park]] and [[Kestopur]]
|12.2
|-
! 5
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Krishnapur}}
| কৃষ্ণপুর
| [[Kestopur]]
|14.6
|}

As of 2018, extension of the west side of Kolkata Metro Green Line has been proposed up to [[Santragachi]] and to be sanctioned by the Railway Ministry of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Kinsuk |date=27 July 2017 |title=E-W Metro set to expand |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/e-w-metro-set-to-expand/cid/1505434 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>

=== Purple Line ===
==== Main Line ====
From [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM-Joka]] to [[Eden Gardens]] via [[Behala]], [[Kidderpore]], [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] and [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"| Name of proposed station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from Joka (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! 1
| [[Eden Gardens metro station|Eden Gardens]]
| ইডেন গার্ডেনস
| Babughat
| 15.815
| Planned
| style="text-align: center;" | –
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Esplanade}}
| এসপ্ল্যানেড
| Esplanade
| 14.215
| rowspan="5"|Under construction
| rowspan="5" |2028–29
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Park Street}}
| পার্ক স্ট্রীট
| [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park St.]]
| 13.29
|-
! 4
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Victoria}}
| ভিক্টোরিয়া
| [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]]
| 12.025
|-
! 5
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Khidirpur}}
| খিদিরপুর
| [[Kidderpore]]
| 9.87
|-
! 6
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mominpur}}
| মোমিনপুর
| Mominpore
| 8.755
|-
! 7
| [[IIM Calcutta metro station|IIM-Joka]]
| আই আই এম জোকা
| [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM Calcutta]]
| 1.7
| Tender floated<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-12 |title=Purple Line gets green signal for IIM-Joka stn |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/purple-line-gets-green-signal-for-iim-joka-stn/articleshow/118946404.cms |access-date=2025-03-13 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |–
|}

==== Branch Line ====
From [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM-Joka]] to [[Joka, Kolkata|Diamond Park]] via Joka Charial canal.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"| Name of proposed station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from IIM-Joka (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! 1
| [[IIM Calcutta metro station|IIM-Joka]]
| আই আই এম জোকা
| [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM Calcutta]]
| 0.00
| Tender floated<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-12 |title=Purple Line gets green signal for IIM-Joka stn |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/purple-line-gets-green-signal-for-iim-joka-stn/articleshow/118946404.cms |access-date=2025-03-13 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"style="text-align: center;" | –
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Diamond Park}}
| ডায়মন্ড পার্ক
| [[Diamond Park metro station|Diamond Park]]
| 1.69
|Land acquisition ongoing
|}
On 25 March 2025, [[The Times of India]] reported that Metro railway sent a proposal to Ministry of Railways to extend this branch line from Diamond Park to Tollygunge, which will be {{cvt|8.5|km}} long. <ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite book |title=The Times of India |publication-date=2025-03-25 |pages=2}}</ref> This route will run under Mahatma Gandhi Road and three underground station at Thakurpukur Cancer Hospital, Ramchandrapur and Panchanantala will come.<ref name="epaper.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |title=Times ePaper Online - Read Today’s English, Marathi News Paper Online |url=https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=25_03_2025_002_006_toikc_TOI |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

=== Yellow Line ===
From [[Noapara, Baranagar|Noapara]] to [[Barasat]] via [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata Airport]]<ref name="mtp">{{cite web|title=New System Map of Kolkata Metro|url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,285}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"| Name of proposed station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from Noapara (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|-
! 1
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Birati}}
| বিরাটি
| [[Birati]]
| 7.810
| rowspan="2" |Under Construction
|rowspan="2" |2027<ref>https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1sJrdDp7mDZrTjB8/</ref>
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Michael Nagar}}
| মাইকেল নগর
| Michael Nagar
| 9.000
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|New Barrackpur}}
| নিউ ব্যারাকপুর
| [[New Barrackpore]]
| 10.250
| rowspan="4"|Planned
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |–
|-
! 4
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Madhyamgram}}
| মধ্যমগ্রাম
| [[Madhyamgram]]
| 12.310
|-
! 5
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Hridaypur}}
| হৃদয়পুর
| [[Hridaypur]]
| 14.930
|-
! 6
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Barasat}}
| বারাসাত
| [[Barasat]]
| 16.876
|}

=== Pink Line ===
From [[Baranagar]] to [[Barrackpore]] via [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]]<ref name="mtp" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"|Name of proposed station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from Baranagar (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! 1
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Baranagar}}
| বরাহনগর
| [[Baranagar]]
| 0.00
| rowspan="11" |Proposed
| rowspan="11" style="text-align: center;" | –
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Krishna Kali}}
| কৃষ্ণ কলি
| [[Kamarhati]]
| 1.20
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Acharya Prafulla Chandra}}
| আচার্য প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র
| [[Agarpara]]
| 2.80
|-
! 4
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Gandhi Ashram}}
| গান্ধী আশ্রম
| [[Panihati]]
| 4.20
|-
! 5
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Sarat Chandra}}
| শরৎ চন্দ্র
| [[Sodepur]]
| 5.40
|-
! 6
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Subhas Nagar}}
| সুভাষ নগর
| [[Sukchar]]
| 6.50
|-
! 7
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Rishi Bankim}}
| ঋষি বঙ্কিম
| [[Khardaha]]
| 7.90
|-
! 8
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Dr. Rajendra Prasad}}
| ডঃ রাজেন্দ্র প্রসাদ
|[[Titagarh]] Power Plant
| 8.80
|-
! 9
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Shah Nawaz Khan}}
|শাহ নওয়াজ খান
| [[Titagarh]]
| 10.10
|-
! 10
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Anukul Thakur}}
| অনুকূল ঠাকুর
| Talpukur
| 11.40
|-
! 11
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mangal Pandey}}
| মঙ্গল পাণ্ডে
| [[Barrackpore]]
| 12.40
|}

=== Orange Line ===
From [[New Garia]] to [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata Airport]] via [[Bidhannagar|Salt Lake]] and [[New Town, Kolkata|
New Town]].<ref name="mtp" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! colspan="2"|Name of proposed station
! rowspan="2"|Location
! rowspan="2"|Distance from Kavi Subhas (in km)
! rowspan="2"|Status
! rowspan="2"|Deadline
|-
! [[English language|English]]
! [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
! 1
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Gour Kishore Ghosh}}
| গৌর কিশোর ঘোষ
| Sukant Nagar
| 11.1
| rowspan="15"| Under construction
| rowspan="15" |2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=Kolkata Metro: Orange & Purple Line Work Reviewed, To Be Fully Operational By 2026 |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/kolkata-metro-orange-purple-line-work-reviewed-to-be-fully-operational-by-2026-8961968.html |url-status= |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=News18}}</ref>
|-
! 2
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Nalban}}
| নলবন
| [[Nicco Park]]
| 12.57
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|IT Centre}}
| আই টি সেন্টার
| Sector-V: CM Block
| 14.02
|-
! 3
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Nabadiganta}}
| নবদিগন্ত
| Technopolis Signal
| 15.15
|-
! 4
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Nazrul Tirtha}}
| নজরুল তীর্থ
| New Town Bus Stand
| 16.22
|-
! 5
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Swapnabhor}}
| স্বপ্নভোর
| Axis Mall
| 17.55
|-
! 6
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Biswa Bangla Convention Centre}}
| বিশ্ব বাংলা কনভেনশন সেন্টার
| [[Biswa Bangla Convention Centre]]
| 18.69
|-
! 7
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Shiksha Tirtha}}
| শিক্ষা তীর্থ
| [[FinTech Hub, Kolkata|Fintech Hub]]
| 20.07
|-
! 8
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mother's Wax Museum}}
| মাদার্স ওয়াক্স মিউজিয়াম
| [[Eco Park, New Town|Eco Park]]: Gate 2
| 20.91
|-
! 9
| [[Eco Park metro station (Kolkata)|Eco Park]]
| ইকো পার্ক
| [[Eco Park, New Town|Eco Park]]: Gate 4
| 22.17
|-
! 10
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Mangaldeep}}
| মঙ্গলদীপ
| Automobile Hub
| 23.37
|-
! 11
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|City Centre-2}}
| সিটি সেন্টার ২
| City Centre-II
| 24.25
|-
! 12
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Chinar Park}}
| চিনার পার্ক
| Chinar Park
| 26.34
|-
! 13
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|VIP Road}}
| ভি আই পি রোড
| Haldirams Signal
| 27.88
|-
! 14
| {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Jai Hind}}
| জয় হিন্দ
| [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata Airport]]
| 29.87
|}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
*[[List of Chennai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Coimbatore Metro stations]]
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[List of Hyderabad Metro stations]]
*[[List of Jaipur Metro stations]]
*[[List of Kochi Metro stations]]
*[[List of Lucknow Metro stations]]
*[[List of Madurai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Noida Metro stations]]
*[[List of Nagpur Metro stations]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[List of Navi Mumbai Metro Stations]]
*[[List of Pune Metro stations]]
*[[List of Surat Metro stations]]
{{div col end}}

{{Portal bar|Trains}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Kolkata}}
* [https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/ Official website of Metro Railway, Kolkata]
* [http://www.kmrc.in/ Official website of KMRC]

{{Kolkata Metro}}

[[Category:Lists of metro stations in India|Kolkata]]
[[Category:Kolkata-related lists|Metro stations]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metro stations| ]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in West Bengal|Kolkata metro stations]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metro]]

Annasaheb Deulgaonkar

2026-02-26T05:59:52Z

Manish Khouriwal: Started New Data - done

{{short description|Indian screenwriter, musician and film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annasaheb Deulgaonkar
| image = Annasaheb Deulgaonkar.jpg
| birth_date = 22 August 1920
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = 3 June 2008 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Screenwriter|musician|producer|distributor}}
| awards = [[V. Shantaram Award]] Chitrabhusahan Award
}}

'''Annasaheb Deulgaonkar''' (22 August 1920 – 3 June 2008)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noted Marathi producer-director Deulgaonkar dead |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/06/03/noted-marathi-producer-director-deulgaonkar-dead-1212509065.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114094326/https://www.oneindia.com/2008/06/03/noted-marathi-producer-director-deulgaonkar-dead-1212509065.html |archive-date=2023-11-14 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> was an Indian screenplay writer, musician, film producer and distributor. He received many accolades including [[V. Shantaram Award]], Chitrabhushan Award and Gadima Award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-11 |title='ती पिढी अगदी वेगळी होती.' |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/varsha-usgaonkar-article-on-screenplay-dialogue-writer-and-producer-annasaheb-deulgaonkar-zws-70-2298628/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114094325/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/varsha-usgaonkar-article-on-screenplay-dialogue-writer-and-producer-annasaheb-deulgaonkar-zws-70-2298628/ |archive-date=2023-11-14 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=785kAAAAMAAJ |title=Hindi Cinema Year Book |date=2005 |publisher=Screen World Publication |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929210057/https://books.google.com/books/about/Hindi_Cinema_Year_Book.html?id=785kAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2023-09-29 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His famous independent films are ''Subhadra Haran'', ''Thapadya'', ''Saticha Vaan'', ''[[Bhakta Pundalik|Bhakt Pundalik]]'', ''Sasurvasheen'', ''Satichi Punyai'', ''[[Lek Chalali Sasarla]]'', ''[[Dhum Dhadaka]]'', ''[[De Danadan]]'', ''Khatyal Sasu Nathal Soon'', ''Navra Bayko'', ''Nashibwan'', ''[[Maherchi Sadi]]'', ''Kunku'' and ''Sakharpuda''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=मराठी चित्रपटसृष्टीतील 'चंदेरी पर्व' |url=https://www.esakal.com/sampadakiya/preeti-wadnerkar-writes-article-about-annasaheb-deulgaonkar-336464 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114190708/https://www.esakal.com/sampadakiya/preeti-wadnerkar-writes-article-about-annasaheb-deulgaonkar-336464 |archive-date=2023-11-14 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

== Death ==
Deulgaonkar died on 3 June 2008 due to brief illness at the age of 87 in Nagpur, Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पटकथाकार, लेखक अण्णासाहेब देऊळगावकर |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/screenwriter-writer-annasaheb-deulgaonkar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114100159/https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/screenwriter-writer-annasaheb-deulgaonkar/ |archive-date=2023-11-14 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=marathisrushti.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi film story writer Deulgaonkar dead |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-marathi-film-story-writer-deulgaonkar-dead-1168442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114094325/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-marathi-film-story-writer-deulgaonkar-dead-1168442 |archive-date=2023-11-14 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/screenwriter-writer-annasaheb-deulgaonkar/ Annasaheb Deulgaonkar] at Marathi Srushti

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deulgaonkar, Annasaheb}}
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian musicians]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Indian film distributors]]
[[Category:Marathi screenwriters]]
[[Category:Marathi film producers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Pune]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]

List of India national football team managers

2026-02-24T07:53:16Z

Manish Khouriwal: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|none}}
This article lists the [[India national football team]] [[manager]]s/[[head coach]]es, the post which was incorporated in 1938 with the appointment of [[Pankaj Gupta (sports administrator)|Pankaj Gupta]] for their tour to [[Australia men's national soccer team|Australia]]. [[Balaidas Chatterjee]] became the first manager of the national team in post-independent India, who guided the nation at the [[1948 Summer Olympics]] in London.

==Overview==
Since [[Independence Day (India)|India's independence]], there have been twenty-nine different head coaches for the national team, out of which eleven foreign. The most successful head coach for India was [[Syed Abdul Rahim]], who led India to gold in both the [[1951 Asian Games|1951]] and [[1962 Asian Games]] while also achieving a fourth-place finish during the [[1956 Summer Olympics]]. The most successful foreign head coaches for India were [[Bob Houghton]] and [[Stephen Constantine]]; both of them helped the team to qualify for [[AFC Asian Cup]]. With Houghton in charge from 2006 to 2011,<ref name="Bobby">{{cite news|last1=Nandi|first1=Dhirtiman|title=Performance of Foreign Coaches in Indian National Football Team|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2015/08/23/performance-of-foreign-coaches-in-indian-national-football-team/|access-date=31 May 2016|work=IndianFootballNetwork|date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623082258/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2015/08/23/performance-of-foreign-coaches-in-indian-national-football-team/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Syed Abdul Rahim, India Football Coach.jpg|160px|right|thumb|[[Syed Abdul Rahim]], the most successful Indian coach for the national team.]]
[[File:Iran vs. India - 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, Stephen Constantine.jpg|160px|thumb|[[Stephen Constantine]] has been one of the most successful foreign coaches for the national team.|alt=Portrait of a seriously looking man]]

India won the [[Nehru Cup]] twice and the [[AFC Challenge Cup]] in [[2008 AFC Challenge Cup|2008]] which allowed India to participate in their first [[AFC Asian Cup]] for 27 years.<ref name="Bobby"/> Since Houghton resigned as India team Head coach in 2011, the India national team's [[FIFA World Rankings|FIFA ranking]] touched its lowest at 173 in the team history in March 2015,<ref name="india rise from 173rank">{{cite web |title=How India rose from a historical low |url=https://scroll.in/article/719390/fifa-rankings-how-india-rose-from-a-historical-low-173-to-147-with-one-win-against-nepal |website=scroll.in |date=10 April 2015 |publisher=The Scroll |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226054412/http://scroll.in/article/719390/fifa-rankings-how-india-rose-from-a-historical-low-173-to-147-with-one-win-against-nepal |archive-date=26 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="India improves ranking">{{cite web |title=FIFA ranking: Indian football team up to 96, achieve best position in 21 years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-up-to-96-achieve-best-fifa-ranking-in-21-years/story-kQK8Oj8j7A2BgqNYmY06GL.html |website=hindustantimes.com |date=6 July 2017 |publisher=HindustanTimes |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211628/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-up-to-96-achieve-best-fifa-ranking-in-21-years/story-kQK8Oj8j7A2BgqNYmY06GL.html |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> but Constantine, who was appointed for the second time as the head coach of India,<ref name="quartz constantine career article"/><ref name="scroll constantine article">{{cite web |title=Interview with Stephen Constantine |url=https://scroll.in/field/844006/what-you-see-is-what-you-get-interview-with-stephen-constantine |website=scroll.in |date=28 July 2017 |publisher=Scroll |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703201638/https://scroll.in/field/844006/what-you-see-is-what-you-get-interview-with-stephen-constantine |url-status=live }}</ref> revived the Indian team from its meagre condition. Under him, the team remained unbeaten for two years from June 2016 to March 2018 winning 11 matches and drawn 2 matches,<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian football team maintain unbeaten streak in International football |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-spends-most-number-of-days-in-unbeaten-streak-overtakes-germany |website=sportskeeda.com |date=17 November 2017 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135953/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-spends-most-number-of-days-in-unbeaten-streak-overtakes-germany |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Cup Qualifiers: India's 12-match unbeaten streak ends |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/asian-cup-qualifiers-india-s-12-match-unbeaten-streak-ends-118032800250_1.html|work=Business Standard|date=28 March 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211605/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/asian-cup-qualifiers-india-s-12-match-unbeaten-streak-ends-118032800250_1.html |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> which helped them to qualify for [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]] after 8 years since Houghton left.<ref>{{cite web |title=India lose 1-2 to Kyrgyzstan, 13-match unbeaten run ends |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-lose-1-2-to-kyrgyzstan-13-match-unbeaten-run-ends/articleshow/63492985.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=27 March 2018 |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328153858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-lose-1-2-to-kyrgyzstan-13-match-unbeaten-run-ends/articleshow/63492985.cms |archive-date=28 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also helped the team to reach a better FIFA ranking of 96 in July 2017, which was the best in last 21 years.<ref name="india rise from 173rank"/><ref name="India improves ranking"/>

==List of managers==

:''Managers in italics took charge as [[caretaker manager|caretaker or interim manager]]''

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagicon|British India}} [[Pankaj Gupta (sports administrator)|Pankaj Gupta]] (1938)<ref name="1938 aus tour manager">{{cite web |title=1938 Indian Tour of Australia |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/museum/index.php/tours/252-1938-indian-tour-of-australia |website=ozfootball.net |publisher=Australian Online Football Museum |accessdate=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923052751/http://www.ozfootball.net/museum/index.php/tours/252-1938-indian-tour-of-australia |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balaidas Chatterjee]] (1948)
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] (1951–1952)<ref name="Syed Rahim coaching years">{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Bhargab |title=Remembering Rahim Saab, the man who put India on the world football map |url=http://www.catchnews.com/football-news/syed-abdul-rahim-the-story-of-india-s-greatest-football-coach-1439791142.html |website=catchnews.com |publisher=Catchnews |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928082937/http://www.catchnews.com/football-news/syed-abdul-rahim-the-story-of-india-s-greatest-football-coach-1439791142.html |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balaidas Chatterjee]] (1953)<ref name="1953 Balaidas rangoon cup">{{cite web |title=1953 Rangoon quadrangular cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1953quadrangularcup.html |website=indiafootball.de |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215018/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1953quadrangularcup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] (1954)<ref name="Syed Rahim coaching years"/>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balaidas Chatterjee]] (1954)<ref name="1954 Asian games Balaidas">{{cite web |last1=Ghosal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1954 Manila |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1954-manila |website=sportskeeda.com |date=16 August 2014 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083044/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1954-manila |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} ''[[Bert Flatley]]'' (1955)<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament (Colombo Cup) 1952-1955 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820110914/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India National Football Team: The Tactical Dilemma |url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/india-national-football-team-the-tactical-dilemma/ |website=thehardtackle.com |publisher=The Hard Tackle |last=Sengupta |first=Somnath |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=2 January 2023 |archive-date=2 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102203409/https://thehardtackle.com/2011/india-national-football-team-the-tactical-dilemma/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1955 USSR national team tour of India |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/ussr-india-tours55.html#I2U |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207222743/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/ussr-india-tours55.html#I2U |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} Saroj Bose (1955)<ref name="1955 Saroj bose">{{cite web |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Arunava |title=1955 Dhaka quadrangular |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1955quadrangularcup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=indiafootball.de |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104165526/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1955quadrangularcup.html |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] (1956–1962)<ref name="Syed Rahim coaching years"/>
*{{flagicon|IND}} T. Shome (1958)<ref name="1958 AG coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1958 Asian Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1958asiangames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055620/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1958asiangames.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sailendra Nath Manna]] (1961)<ref name="1961 merdeka coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1961 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1961merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220134029/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1961merdekacup.html |archive-date=20 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. Pentiah (1963)<ref name="1964 Oly.Q manager captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1964 olympic qualifiers |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964olympicsq.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111144652/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964olympicsq.html |archive-date=11 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harry Wright (footballer, born 1909)|Harry Wright]] (1964)<ref name="1964 AC manager captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1964 Asian Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964asiacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002024/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964asiacup.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} Mohammed Hussain (1964–1967)<ref name="1965 merdeka team coach">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1965 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1965merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233522/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1965merdekacup.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1967 Madeka manager captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1967 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1967merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214721/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1967merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} Sachindranath Mitra (1966)<ref name="1966 Merdeka manager captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1966 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1966merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819155050/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1966merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} S. R. Deb (1967)<ref name="1968 ACQ managaer captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1968 Asian CUPQ |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1968asiacupq.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819222646/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1968asiacupq.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sailendra Nath Manna]] (1968)<ref name="1968 merdeka manager captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1968 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1968merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819220342/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1968merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]] (1969)<ref name="1969 merdeka manager captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1969 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1969merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215109/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1969merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. H. Basha (1970–1971)<ref name="1970 merdeka manager captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214747/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. K. Banerjee|Pradip Kumar Banerjee]] (1971–1974)<ref name="1972 oly q manager captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1972 maderka |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1972olympicsq.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819222658/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1972olympicsq.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1974 AG manager captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1974 AG |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1974asiangames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819161107/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1974asiangames.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pk banerjee career"/>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[J. Krishnaswamy]] (1974)<ref name="1974 merdeka cup">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1974 Merdeka Cup |url=http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1974merdekacup.html |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214820/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1974merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. H. Basha (1975)<ref name="1975 marah halim cup">{{cite web |title=Marah Halim Cup (Medan, Indonesia) 1975 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marahhalim.html#1975 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=2 January 2023 |archive-date=2 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102115345/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marahhalim.html#1975 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]] (1976)<ref name="1976 jasson cup">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1976 Jasson Cup|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1976jassoncelebrationcup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112134819/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1976jassoncelebrationcup.html |archive-date=12 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahu Mewalal]] (1977)<ref name="1977 kC coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1977 Kings Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1977kingscup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214653/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1977kingscup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. H. Basha (1977)<ref name="1977 PC coach captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1977 Prescup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1977presidentscup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819155605/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1977presidentscup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]] (1978)<ref name="1978 AG coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1978 Asian Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1978asiangames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819164524/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1978asiangames.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]] (1980)<ref name="1980 OQ coach captain">{{cite web |title=The senior National Team at 1980 OLY Q |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1980olympicsq.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819220304/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1980olympicsq.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. K. Banerjee|Pradip Kumar Banerjee]] (1981–1982)<ref name="pk banerjee career">{{cite web |title=Know your Indian Football Heroes: PK Banerjee |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/know-your-indian-football-heroes-pk-banerjee |website=sportskeeda.com |date=5 July 2015 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172249/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/know-your-indian-football-heroes-pk-banerjee |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="82 maderka coach captain">{{cite web |title=1982 Maderka Result |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819220319/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="82 AG coach captain">{{cite web |title=1982 Asian games result |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982asiangames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034448/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982asiangames.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bob Bootland]] (1982)<ref name="coach bootland">{{cite web|title=Coach Bob Bootland dies|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/coach-bob-bootland-dies/33505/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bob-bootland-passes-away/cid/1073269 |title=Bob Bootland passes away |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172242/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/bob-bootland-passes-away/cid/1073269 |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammad Salaam]] (1983)<ref name="1983 Nehru Cup coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1983 Cochin Nehru Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1983nehrucup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021659/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1983nehrucup.html |archive-date=27 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joe Kinnear]] (1983)<ref name="coach Joe Kinnear">{{cite web |title=MAGPIES TURN TO KINNEAR |url=http://www.football365.com/story/0%2C17033%2C8652_4197700%2C00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929003310/http://www.football365.com/story/0%2C17033%2C8652_4197700%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 September 2008 |publisher=FOOTBALL365 |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Milovan Ćirić]] (1983–1985)<ref name="coach milovan ciric">{{cite web |title=A Bible for soccer lovers |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070729/spectrum/book7.htm |website=tribuneindia.com |publisher=TheTribune |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195419/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070729/spectrum/book7.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1984asiacup.html |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1984 Singapore Asia Cup |access-date=24 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427025615/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1984asiacup.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]] (1984)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-india-gear-up-to-challenge-trinidad-and-tobago |title=Indian Football: India gear up to challenge Trinidad and Tobago |publisher=Sportskeeda |date=21 August 2011 |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103093424/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-india-gear-up-to-challenge-trinidad-and-tobago |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]] (1985)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1986worldcupq.html |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1986 World Cup Qualifiers |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819175833/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1986worldcupq.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. K. Banerjee|Pradip Kumar Banerjee]] (1985–1986)<ref name="pk banerjee career"/>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (1987−1989)<ref name="Sayed Nayemuddin career">{{cite web |title=The Agony of Syed Nayeemuddin |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-have-turned-from-national-coach-to-national-beggar-the-agony-of-syed-nayeemuddin |website=sportskeeda.com |date=18 February 2013 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172352/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-have-turned-from-national-coach-to-national-beggar-the-agony-of-syed-nayeemuddin |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at 1987 Nehru Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987nehrucup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129123146/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987nehrucup.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1989 Nehru Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1989nehrucup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819222711/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1989nehrucup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amal Dutta]] (1987)<ref name="1987 SAG coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1987 Calcutta SAF Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987safgames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314010952/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987safgames.html |archive-date=14 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} Anjan Chowdhury (1989)<ref name="1989 SAG coach captain">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1989 Lahore SAF Games |url=http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1989safgames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819160148/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1989safgames.htmll |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[József Gelei]] (1990–1991)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1991 Nehru cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1991nehrucup.html |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819220357/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1991nehrucup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Derek D'Souza]] (1992–1993)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1992 Asian Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1992asiacupq.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001124845/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1992asiacupq.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jiří Pešek]] (1993−1994)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1993 nehru cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1993nehrucup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819155414/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1993nehrucup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1994 WC qualifier |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1994worldcupq.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214928/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1994worldcupq.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1993 saarc cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1993saarccup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215035/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1993saarccup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1994 rajiv gandhi cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1994rajivgandhicup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819222725/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1994rajivgandhicup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Rustam Akramov]] (1995−1996)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1995 nehru cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1995nehrucup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007153356/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1995nehrucup.html |archive-date=7 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (1997–1998)<ref name="Sayed Nayemuddin career"/>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukhwinder Singh (football coach)|Sukhwinder Singh]] (1999–2001)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 1999 safgames |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1999safgames.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819160501/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1999safgames.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UZB}} [[:ru:Ахмедов, Ислам Исмаилович|Islam Ahmedov]] (2001)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 2001 M.cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2001millenniumcup.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215050/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2001millenniumcup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Constantine]] (2002–2005)<ref name="bbc constantine article">{{cite news |last1=Roach |first1=Stuart |title=Constantine's rising stock |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/3283523.stm |website=bbc.co.uk |date=19 November 2003 |publisher=BBC |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172405/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/3283523.stm |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="quartz constantine career article">{{cite web |last1=Kunti |first1=Samindra |title=Meet the man responsible for kickstarting a new era in Indian football—again |url=https://qz.com/india/328908/meet-the-man-responsible-for-kickstarting-a-new-era-in-indian-football-again/ |website=qz.com |date=19 January 2015 |publisher=Quartz India |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211555/https://qz.com/india/328908/meet-the-man-responsible-for-kickstarting-a-new-era-in-indian-football-again/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukhwinder Singh (football coach)|Sukhwinder Singh]] (2005)<ref name="2005 coach appointment">{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team 2005 coach appointment |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/news/indn200509.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000237/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/news/indn200509.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 2005 pak tour |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2005pakistan.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040604/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2005pakistan.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior team at 2005 fiji tour |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2005fiji.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819160353/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/2005fiji.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (2005–2006)<ref name="Sayed Nayemuddin career"/><ref name="2005 coach appointment"/>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bob Houghton]] (2006–2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=Houghton's tenure as Indian football coach over: sources |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Houghtons-tenure-as-Indian-football-coach-over-sources/articleshow/8047952.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=21 April 2011 |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014043848/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Houghtons-tenure-as-Indian-football-coach-over-sources/articleshow/8047952.cms |archive-date=14 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Houghton resigns as national coach - AIFF trying hard to change bob's mind |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/houghton-resigns-as-national-coach-aiff-trying-hard-to-change-bob-s-mind/cid/524666 |website=telegraphindia.com |publisher=Telegraph India |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211525/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/houghton-resigns-as-national-coach-aiff-trying-hard-to-change-bob-s-mind/cid/524666 |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} ''[[Armando Colaco]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=Newly appointed coach of the Indian football team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Newly-appointed-coach-of-the-Indian-football-team-Armando-Colaco-will-meet-the-press-in-New-Delhi-on-Wednesday-/articleshow/8839865.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=13 June 2011 |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703201640/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Newly-appointed-coach-of-the-Indian-football-team-Armando-Colaco-will-meet-the-press-in-New-Delhi-on-Wednesday-/articleshow/8839865.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Savio Medeira]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web |title=Savio should've taken over from Houghton |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Savio-shouldve-taken-over-from-Houghton-Chapman/articleshow/8543397.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107112653/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Savio-shouldve-taken-over-from-Houghton-Chapman/articleshow/8543397.cms |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Savio Madeira stamps his authority on SAFF cup win |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/savio-madeira-stamps-his-authority-on-saff-cup-win |website=sportskeeda.com |date=12 December 2011 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172342/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/savio-madeira-stamps-his-authority-on-saff-cup-win |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Wim Koevermans]] (2012–2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=Wim Koevermans appointed as new Indian football coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Wim-Koevermans-appointed-as-new-Indian-football-coach/articleshow/14343394.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=22 June 2012 |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107112640/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Wim-Koevermans-appointed-as-new-Indian-football-coach/articleshow/14343394.cms |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian national football team coach Wim Koevermans resigns |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-national-football-team-coach-wim-koevermans-resigns |website=sportskeeda.com |date=7 October 2014 |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172355/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-national-football-team-coach-wim-koevermans-resigns |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Constantine]] (2015–2019)<ref name="quartz constantine career article"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Stephen Constantine resigns as India coach after Asian Cup exit |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/stephen-constantine-resigns-as-india-coach-afc-asian-cup-2019-5538367/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023412/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/stephen-constantine-resigns-as-india-coach-afc-asian-cup-2019-5538367/|archive-date=15 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Igor Štimac]] (2019−2024)<ref name="coach app. 2019 stimac">{{cite web |title=AIFF APPOINTS IGOR STIMAC AS NEW MEN'S SENIOR NATIONAL TEAM COACH |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9674 |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=AIFF |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518164959/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9674 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manolo Márquez]] (2024−2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/manolo-marquez-to-be-next-india-national-football-team-head-coach-latest-news/article68425643.ece|title=Manolo Marquez set to be named Indian football head coach|website=Sportstar|date=20 July 2024}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalid Jamil]] (2025−)<ref>https://x.com/IndianFootball/status/1951176408408981578</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Managerial records==
{{updated|match played 18 November 2025}}

*Only International '''A''' matches considered.
*List also includes managers who took charge of the national team in senior unofficial matches.
*"Period" indicates the timespan of the first and last matches in charge, which may include periods not in charge of the national team
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! style="width:220px;" rowspan="2"|Manager
! style="width:200px;" rowspan="2"|Period
! colspan="5" style="width:170px;" |Record
|-
!Matches!!Won!!Draw!!Lost!!Win %
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|British India}} [[Pankaj Gupta (sports administrator)|Pankaj Gupta]]||1938||5||1||1||3||20.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balaidas Chatterjee]]||1948, 1953, 1954||6||4||0||2||66.67%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Abdul Rahim]]||1951–1962||35||17||7||11||48.57%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bert Flatley]] ''(caretaker)''||1955||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Saroj Bose||1955||3||3||0||0||100.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} T. Shome||1958||5||2||0||3||40.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sailen Manna]]||1961, 1968||9||3||1||5||33.33%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. Pentaiah||1963||2||2||0||0||100.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harry Wright (footballer, born 1909)|Harry Wright]]||1963–1964||5||2||0||3||40.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohammed Hussain||1964–1967||18||6||6||6||33.33%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Sachindranath Mitra||1966||5||4||0||1||80.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} S. R. Deb||1967||3||0||1||2||0.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]]||1969, 1976, 1980||3||1||0||2||33.33%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} G. M. H. Basha||1971, 1975, 1977||20||7||2||11||35.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. K. Banerjee]]||1971–1974, 1981–1982, 1985–1986||35||7||10||18||20.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[J. Krishnaswamy]]||1974||4||1||2||1||25.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sheoo Mewalal]]||1977||4||2||1||1||50.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]]||1978, 1984, 1985||16||4||3||9||25.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bob Bootland]]||1982||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammad Salaam]]||1983||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joe Kinnear]]||1983||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Milovan Ćirić]]||1983–1985||13||3||1||9||23.07%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Nayeemuddin]]||1987–1989, 1997–1998, 2005–06||25||8||5||12||32.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amal Dutta]]||1987||3||2||1||0||66.67%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Anjan Chowdhury||1989||2||1||1||0||50.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[József Gelei]]||1990–1991||1||0||0||1||0.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Derek D'Souza]]||1992–1993||2||1||0||1||50.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jiří Pešek]]||1993–1994||22||5||7||10||22.72%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Rustam Akramov]]||1995–1996||13||4||4||5||30.76%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|UZB}} Islam Ahmedov||2001||1||0||0||1||0.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Constantine]]||2002–2005||18||4||5||9||22.22%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukhwinder Singh (football manager)|Sukhwinder Singh]]||2005||5||1||1||3||20.00%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bob Houghton]]||2006–2011||44||14||6||24||{{#expr:14*100/44 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Armando Colaco]] ''(interim)''||2011||5||0||2||3||{{#expr:0*100/5 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Savio Medeira]]||2011–2012||13||5||2||6||{{#expr:5*100/13 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Wim Koevermans]]||2012–2014||20||7||5||8||{{#expr:7*100/20 round 2}}%
|-
|rowspan=2 align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Constantine]]||2015–2019||42||23||6||13||{{#expr:23*100/42 round 2}}%
|-
|''total''||60||27||11||22||{{#expr:27*100/60 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Igor Štimac]]||2019–2024||53||19||14||20||{{#expr:19*100/53 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manolo Márquez]]||2024–2025||8||1||4||3||{{#expr:1*100/8 round 2}}%
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalid Jamil]]||2025–||7||1||3||3||{{#expr:1*100/7 round 2}}%
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Association football|Lists}}
* [[History of the India national football team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India national football team managers}}
{{India national football team}}
{{National football team managers}}

[[Category:India national football team managers|*]]
[[Category:Lists of national association football team managers|India]]

Rathi Arumugam

2026-02-18T21:09:42Z

Manish Khouriwal: New!

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rathi
| birth_name = Rathi Arumugam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|09|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/movie-actress/rathi-arumugam |title=Filmography,Biography of South Indian actress Rathi |date=2 November 2023|website=nettv4u.com}}</ref>
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| yearsactive = 2002–2015, 2021
}}
'''Rathi''' is an Indian former actress, who appeared mostly in [[Tamil cinema]] and [[Telugu cinema]].

==Early life==
Rathi was born in [[Bangalore]], Karnataka to [[Tamil people]] Arumugam and Bharani. She has two siblings, one elder sister and one younger brother. She was a student of dentistry at the Mathrushri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600020100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031117103704/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600020100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2003 |title=Screen vs. studies |date=6 October 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=17 August 2013}}</ref> She is a trained classical dancer and had her [[Arangetram (dance)|Arangetram]].

==Career==
She made her acting debut in the 2002 Tamil film ''Gummalam''. She starred opposite [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] in [[Thangar Bachan]]'s ''[[Solla Marandha Kadhai]]''. She appeared in a couple more Tamil films, including ''[[Adi Thadi]]'' starring [[Sathyaraj]], but none of them were commercially successful. She had also performed an [[item number]] in the Tamil film ''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' featuring [[Ajith Kumar]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/11reeltalk19th.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117180023/http://archives.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/11reeltalk19th.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2009 |title=Reel Talk – 'Kutty' Radhika begins innings |accessdate=17 August 2013 }}</ref> She then migrated to Telugu cinema and acted in six films.

Between her careers in both film and television, she also managed to complete a bachelor's degree in genetics.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==Public appearances==
In 2003, Rathi created a sensation when she appeared on stage as a special guest in the 'Euphoria 03' event at the [[PSG College of Arts and Science]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/03/06/stories/2003030600910200.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150426124436/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/03/06/stories/2003030600910200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2015 |title=Charming the young at heart |date=6 March 2003|work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="3" |2002 || ''[[Enge Enadhu Kavithai]]'' || Kavitha || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Solla Marandha Kadhai]]'' || Parvathi Chokkalingam || Tamil|| Nominated- [[Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actress]]
|-
| ''[[Gummalam]]'' || Anu || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2003 || ''[[Pallavan]]'' || Meenakshi, Reena || Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Anbe Un Vasam]]'' || Bharathi || Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Knock Knock, I'm Looking to Marry]]'' || Nithya || [[English language|English]] ||
|-
|rowspan="4" |2004 || ''[[Kerala House Udan Vilpanakku]]'' || Sundari || [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| ''[[Adi Thadi]]'' || Priya || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Singara Chennai]]'' || Bhuvana || Tamil||
|-
|''[[Pallakilo Pellikoothuru]]'' || Rani || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|rowspan="5" |2005 || ''[[Sankranthi (film)|Sankranthi]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
|''[[Ayodhya (2005 Telugu film)|Ayodhya]]'' || Sasirekha aka Shotput || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Boyfriend'' || || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| ''[[Allari Bullodu]]'' || Usha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Moguds Pellams]]'' || Padmavathi || Telugu ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |2006 || ''[[Asadhyudu]]'' || || Telugu || Special appearance
|-
| ''Prema Sangamam'' || || Telugu ||
|-
|}

===Voice artist===
* [[Genelia D'Souza]] – ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' (2003)
* [[Diya (actress)|Diya]] – ''[[Kodambakkam (film)|Kodambakkam]]'' (2006)

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Serial !! Channel !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2011–2012||''[[Shanthi Nilayam (TV series)|Shanthi Nilayam]]''||[[Jaya TV]]|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
|2013–2015||''Bangara''||[[Udaya TV]]||[[Kannada]]||Remake of [[Thangam (TV series)]]
|-
|2013||''Chithiram Pesuthadi''||Jaya TV||Tamil||Replaced by Priyanka
|-
|2013||''Godha Kalyanam''||[[E TV (India)|ETV]]||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|2021 ||[[Rudramadevi (TV series)|''Rudramadevi'']]
| [[Star Maa]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1696571}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1474841}} ( Credited as ''Radhi'' )

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathi Arumugam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Female models from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1982 births]]

Kothamangalam Seenu

2026-02-07T23:40:04Z

Manish Khouriwal: added a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Kothamangalam Seenu
|image = Kothamangalam Seenu.jpg
|caption =
|birth_name = V. S. Srinivasan
|birth_date ={{birth date|df=yes|1910|2|17}}
|birth_place = [[Vathirairuppu]], [[Virudhunagar district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2001|8|30|1910|2|17}}
|death_place =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|education =
| occupation = Stage, Film Actor, Carnatic Musician
| title =
| spouse= Anandavalli
|children= 5 sons, 4 daughters
|parents= Subramanya Iyer, Narayani Ammal
|relatives=
|signature =
|website=
|}}
'''''Kothamangalam Seenu''''' (17 February 1910<ref name="kundoosi">{{cite journal | title=நட்சத்திரம் பிறந்தநாள் | journal=குண்டூசி 1951 February - P.35}}</ref> - 30 August 2001) was a [[Tamil Stage]], Cinema actor and a [[Carnatic music]] singer.

==Early life==
Kothamangalam Seenu whose birth name is V. S. Srinivasan, was born in [[Vathirairuppu]] (anglicised as ‘Watrap'), a village in [[Virudhunagar district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="chogamelar">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/chogamelar-1942/article979086.ece | title=Chogamelar 1942 | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=25 December 2010 | accessdate=30 August 2016 | author=Guy, Randor |authorlink= Randor Guy}}</ref> His parents were Subramaniya Iyer and Narayani Ammal. Not much is known about his early life at his birth place except that he was well trained in Carnatic music.
He went to Kothamangalam, a village in Pudukottai district in search of employment.<ref name="chogamelar"/>

==Career==
He started his career as a singer and recorded some [[gramophone record]]s. He gave concerts and also trained students in [[Carnatic music]].<ref name="chogamelar"/>
Later he joined with [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] and began acting in dramas with him.<ref name=ausradio>[https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2015/11/27/kothamangalam-seenu/ Kothamangalam Seenu]</ref>

==Film career==
His melodious voice and expertise in [[Carnatic music]] attracted film producers. Soon, he began to act in films.
The first film that he acted was [[Sarangadhara (1937 film)|Sarangadhara]], released in 1937. He acted in the main character.
During the early years of Tamil Cinema, music and songs dominated the films. In some cases there were as many as 50, 60 songs in one film. Therefore, there was much scope for singers to act in films and Seenu had good opportunities.
However, there were already two big 'guns' who mesmerized people with their golden voice and acting skill.
[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] and [[P. U. Chinnappa]] were considered 'Super Stars' and held by the people in high esteem.
But Kothamangalam Seenu established a place for himself as a singer actor.
After [[Sarangadhara (1937 film)|Sarangadhara]], he acted in Pattinathar and Vipra Narayana. His songs in [[Shantha Sakkubai]], released in 1939, became very popular. He delivered a musical discourse (கதா காலட்சேபம்) that was a hit.
He acted in the main role as [[Thirumangai Alvar]] in the film with the same name and was released in 1940. His songs in this film were popular.
He acted in several films during the 1940s. His last film 'Thulasi Jalandar' was released in 1947.<ref name=ausradio />
Thereafter, though he lived for more 50 years, he did not act in any films.<ref name="chogamelar"/>

But he was performing Carnatic music concerts on Radio.<ref name="kundoosi"/>

==Filmography==
The following list of films is based on information in Tamil Movie Database.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilmoviesdatabase.com/actor/kothamangalam-seenu/|publisher=tamilmoviesdatabase.com|accessdate=26 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126020645/http://tamilmoviesdatabase.com/actor/kothamangalam-seenu/ |archivedate=26 November 2016|title=Kothamangalam Seenu}}</ref><ref name=ausradio />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Film
|-
| 1935 || [[Sarangadhara#1935 Tamil film|Sarangadhara]]
|-
| 1935 || [[Pattinathar (1935 film)|Pattinathar]]
|-
| 1938 || [[Vipra Narayana]]
|-
| 1940 || Thirumangai Azhwar
|-
| 1940 || [[Manimekalai (1940 film)|Manimegalai]]
|-
| 1941 || [[Surya Puthri]]
|-
| 1941 || [[Kacha Devayani]]
|-
| 1942 || [[Bhaktha Naradar]]
|-
| 1942 || [[Chogamelar]]
|-
| 1942 || [[Krishna Pidaran]]
|-
| 1944 || [[Dasi Aparanji]]
|-
| 1946 || [[Sakata Yogam]]
|-
| 1947 || Ponnaruvi
|-
| 1947 || [[Ekambavanan]]
|-
| 1947 || [[Mahatma Udhangar]]
|-
| 1947 || [[Thulasi Jalandar]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/tamil-nadu/pudukkottai/alangudi/kothamangalam.html Map of Kothamangalam]
*[http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/tamil/ta/content/nttippum-paattlum-ivrinnn-tnnnimuttirai?language=ta நடிப்பும் பாடலும் இவரின் தனிமுத்திரை] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911124419/http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/tamil/ta/content/nttippum-paattlum-ivrinnn-tnnnimuttirai?language=ta |date=11 September 2016 }}, திருமலை மூர்த்தி, சிறப்பு ஒலிபரப்புச் சேவை, 1 ஏப்ரல் 2015
*[http://www.tamilonline.com/thendral/article.aspx?aid=7329 கொத்தமங்கலம் சீனு]
*[https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Katcha-Devayani-1941/article16888038.ece Katcha Devayani (1941)]

'''Some of his songs on YouTube'''
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IKpWbffZio
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gBnoUfgRp8
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bG70TRGKA4

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seenu, Kothamangalam}}
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil singers]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Virudhunagar district]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]

No. 47 Squadron IAF

2026-01-29T02:26:26Z

Manish Khouriwal: revised

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= No. 47 Squadron
|image=
|image_size= 200px
|caption= Crest of No. 47 Squadron
|dates= 18 December 1959 – present
|country={{flagicon|India}} [[Republic of India]]
|allegiance=
|branch={{air force|India}}
|type=
|role=[[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]]
|size=
|command_structure=
|garrison=[[Adampur Airport|Adampur AFS]]
|garrison_label=
|nickname="Black Archers"
|patron=
|motto=''Karmani Vyaprutham Dhanuhu'' My bow is ready for task
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|disbanded=

|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=

|aircraft_attack=
|aircraft_bomber=
|aircraft_electronic=
|aircraft_fighter=[[Mig-29|Mig-29UPG]]
|aircraft_recon=
|aircraft_trainer=
|aircraft_transport=
}}
'''No. 47 Squadron IAF (Black Archers)''' is a fighter squadron equipped with [[MiG-29M|MiG-29UPG]]s based at [[Adampur Airport|Adampur Air Force Station]].<ref name=BRakshak>{{cite web|title=Squadrons and Helicopter Units|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=4 December 2015|archive-date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209134909/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
No. 47 Squadron was raised on 18 December 1959 at [[Halwara]] with Sqn Ldr Denis Anthony La Fontaine as squadron commander. Air Vice Marshal S Subbaramu (that time Fg Offr) had ferried in the squadron's first [[Toofani]] the day before. Despite a shortage of personnel, equipment, working tools and other teething troubles, the infant squadron had the honor participating in the Republic Day flypast on 26 January 1960. And shortly thereafter in March 1960, the squadron took part in the 27th anniversary display at Bombay.<ref name=PU>{{cite web | title=8th Wing archives| url=http://www.fighterpilotuniversity.com/alumni-house/squadrons-worldwide/india/indian-air-force-fighter-squadrons/adampur-afs-punjab/8-wing/47-squadron/|publisher= Pilot University}}</ref>

On 2 September 1965, five Toofanis were detached for the air defence of [[Tezpur]]. A further four aircraft were detached for the defence of Guwhati. The squadron was led in to these operation by Sqn Ldr P Venugopal and was appointed as SASO HQ (TC). A lone Toofani was left behind because of certain snags. The remaining crew of the squadron stayed back at Halwara for army co-operation in the Western sector.<ref name="PU"/>

On 23 March 1968, after a long stint in the East, the Black Archers exchanged the aging Toofanis for new [[MiG-21|MiG-21FLs]] at [[Chandigarh]]. In February 1969, the squadron was tasked with the air defence of Delhi and was relocated to Hindon. The squadron stayed here for the next two years.<ref name="PU"/>

The squadron took a very active part in the 1971 war against Pakistan. Although its primary mission was air defence and it flew a number of counter air missions over Badin airfield. The Squadron was led in these operations by Wg Cdr HS Gill VM. During the war the squadron stationed detachments at Jamnagar, Halwara, Palam and Hindon. The Jamnagar detachment was most active and has to its credit a confirmed Starfighter (F-104) kill and a further probable. On 12 December 1971, Sqn Ldr BB Soni shot down an F-104 as it attempted to attack Jamnagar.<ref name="PU"/>

In November 1973, the Black Archers moved to Halwara, its formation base. For next five years, the squadron stayed there. Its proximity of Sidhwan Khas range gave the opportunity to the pilots to hone their skills and achieve a high level of proficiency in air-to-ground work.<ref name="PU"/>

In January 1978, the squadron moved on to its new location at Chabua where it was to remain for the next seven years. In November 1980, Wg Cdr MS Vasudeva VM intercepted, identified and photographed an intruding Chinese [[Ilyushin Il-18|IL-18]]. In May 1985 the Black Archers was relocated to Hashimara.<ref name="PU"/>

The squadron re-formed on MiG-29s at Pune in May 1987. While at Pune, the squadron underwent exhaustive training to prepare a viable pilot fleet for the new aircraft. Being the first to operate the MiG-29, the task of reviewing all the tactics and develop them for the sound operational effectiveness fell on the Black Archers. In February 1996, the squadron received new aircraft: four fighters and a trainer.<ref name="PU"/>

In March 1997, the squadron moved to Adampur under the command of Wg Cdr KP Nair. This move was completed in record time and the squadron was operational within 7 days of its coming to Adampur. During Kargil conflict the squadron went on full alert and deployed detachments as far as Jamnagar.
<ref name="PU"/>
[[File:Sqn 47 logo.jpg|thumb|Standard logo used on Squadron's aircraft.]]

==Assignments==
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/sqn-47.htm|title=Squadron 47|first=John|last=Pike|website=Globalsecurity.org|access-date=30 July 2017}}</ref>

==Aircraft==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aircraft types operated by 47 Squadron<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Sqn/047.html |title=Indian Air Force [Bharatiya Vayu Sena] - No.47 Squadron [K Chattopadhyay] |access-date=2016-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229135916/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Sqn/047.html |archive-date=29 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=199358|title=47 Squadron of Indian Air Force Celebrates Diamond Jubilee|date=2020-02-16}}</ref>
! Aircraft type !! From !! To !! Air base

|-
| [[Toofani]]|| Dec 1959|| Mar 1968 || [[Halwara Air Force Station|AFS Halwara]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/Units/47+Sqn|title=No. 47 Squadron|publisher=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref>
|-
| [[MiG-21|MiG-21 FL]]|| Feb 1969|| May 1987 || [[Chandigarh Air Force Station|AFS Chandigarh]]
|-
| [[MiG-29]]|| Jun 1989|| Till Date || [[Adampur Airport|AFS Adampur]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons|047]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1959]]

Capture of Odisha (1741)

2026-01-22T15:35:32Z

Manish Khouriwal: Put Up First Stub Added Tags

{{Short description|Alivardi Khan's campaign into Odisha, India}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Capture of Odisha (1741)
| place = [[Odisha]] [[Subah]]
| date = March – December 1741
| territory = [[Odisha]] [[Subah]] annexed to [[Bengal Subah]]
| result = [[Bengal Subah]] victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| combatant2 = [[Odisha]] [[Subah]] '''Supported by''' [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] Local rebels
| commander1 = [[Alivardi Khan]] Sayyid Ahmad Khan{{POW}} Manikchand {{AWOL}} Qasim Ali Khan [[Mir Jafar]] Gujar Khan{{KIA}} Husain Beg Khan{{KIA}} Qasim Beg{{KIA}} Shaikh Hediatullah{{WIA}} Mustafa Khan Mir Muhammad Amin Khan Asalat Khan Dilir Khan
| commander2 = [[Lutfullah Tabrizi]] [[Agha Baqer Khan]]{{WIA}} Allauddin Muhammad Khan Abed Khan{{Turncoat}} Mukhlis Ali Khan{{Turncoat}} Muqarrab Khan{{Turncoat}} Mujtaba Ali{{KIA}} Mir Ali Akbar{{KIA}} Mir Abdul Aziz{{KIA}} Shah Murad Khan Haji Muhammad Amin{{AWOL}}
| strength1 = '''[[Battle of Phulwari|Phulwari]]''': 10,000 or 12,000<ref name=":10" /> '''Riapur''': 20,000 cavalry<ref name=":20" /> Unknown artillery
| strength2 = '''[[Battle of Phulwari|Phulwari]]''': Unknown soldiers 300 cannons '''Riapur''': Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = '''[[Battle of Phulwari|Phulwari]]''': 300 killed All artilleries captured{{Sfn|Haque|1980|p=204}}
}}

In March 1741, [[Alivardi Khan]] led an expedition and defeated the deputy governor [[Lutfullah Tabrizi]] (also known as Rustam Jang or Murshid Quli Khan II) at the [[Battle of Phulwari]] near [[Balasore]]. The defeated forces fled southward, enabling Alivardi to occupy its capital [[Cuttack]] and appoint his nephew Syed Ahmad Khan alias Saulat Jang as deputy governor. However, Saulat Jang's mismanagement and discontent among troops led to a revolt in Cuttack. In August 1741, [[Agha Baqer Khan|Mirza Baqer Khan]] (son-in-law of Lutfullah Tabrizi), supported by [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] mercenaries seized the city, captured Saulat Jang and his family, and briefly controlled Odisha, extending influence up to [[Midnapore]] and [[Hijli]]. Alivardi responded with a large army, crossing the [[Mahanadi|Mahanadi River]] in December 1741. He routed Mirza Baqer's forces near Raipur, prompting their flight to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]. Alivardi's generals subsequently rescued Saulat Jang unharmed from captivity. Alivardi remained in [[Odisha]] for three months to re-establish authority, appointing Shaikh Masum as deputy governor. This brief conflict solidified Alivardi's control over Odisha until sustained [[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Maratha invasions]] beginning in 1742 forced him to cede the province in 1751.

== Background ==
Rustam Jang, son-in-law of former Nawab [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]] and deputy governor of Orissa, was urged by his wife Dardana Begum to avenge the death of her half-brother [[Sarfaraz Khan]]. Refusing to recognize Alivardi Khan's authority after his usurpation of the Bengal throne, Rustam Jang declared independence and marched from Cuttack to Balasore during the cold season with the intent to conquer Bengal. Alivardi Khan advanced from [[Murshidabad]] to confront the threat.<ref name="Sarkar 1964 45">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=45}}</ref>

== First conquest ==
{{Main|Battle of Phulwari}}In December 1740, Lutfullah Tabrizi, the deputy governor of Orissa, marched from Cuttack with his two sons-in-law, Mirza Baqar Khan and Allauddin Muhammad Khan. He reached at the plains of Phulwari and encamped there surrounding himself with 300 [[cannon]]s.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=201}}</ref> Alivardi started from Murshidabad in January 1741 with his nephew, Sayyid Ahmad surnamed Saulat Jung, at the head of 10,000 or 12,000 cavalry, into Odisha.<ref name=":10">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=43}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=201}}</ref> On 3 March 1741, battle ensued on the plains of Phulwari. Alivardi defeated Lutfullah Tabrizi who subsequently fled to [[Machilipatnam|Masulipatam]] in Deccan.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ray|1960|p=8}}</ref> Alivardi captured Cuttack and installed Saulat Jung as the deputy governor of Odisha.<ref name="Sarkar 1964 45"/> He also left Gujar Khan in command of a contingent of three thousand [[cavalry]] and four thousand [[infantry]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=48}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=206}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ray|1960|p=8}}</ref>

== Baqer's capture of Odisha ==
Saulat Jung's poor administrative skills aroused discontentment in the province. He employed Lutfullah Tabrizi's former generals Salim Khan, Darvesh Khan, Nizamat Khan, Mir Azizullah, and some others, over his own troops in military service. This opened a chance for Mirza Baqer to launch an attack on Odisha. He marched from Deccan with a hired band of Maratha infantry.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=48–49}}</ref> Only 300 troops remained under Gujar Khan.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=207}}</ref> In one day of August, under the leadership of Shah Murad Khan, the people of Cuttack had broken out into open rebellion in the city of Cuttack.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ray|1960|p=9}}</ref> Gujar Khan, whom Saulat Jang had deputed to pacify them, was slain by the rebels. Husain Beg Khan was also killed by the rebels. In utter confusion, Saulat Jang dispatched Qasim Beg, the superintendent of his artillery, and Shaikh Hediatullah, the faujdar of Cuttack, to make another attempt to placate the insurgents. Finding the two officers unescorted, the rebels killed Qasim Beg, while Hediatullah barely escaped alive but wounded. Soon afterward, the rebels seized Saulat Jang along with his entire family and plundered his treasures. Upon hearing the rebellion, Mirza Baqer entered Cuttack in triumph in August 1741 and restored his authority.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=49–50}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|pp=207–208}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ray|1960|p=9}}</ref> He further occupied up to Midnapur and Hijli.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=50}} "The victorious Cuttack army also advanced up to [[Midnapore|Midnapur]] and [[Hijli]] and occupied those two places."{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=208}} "After this Baqar Khan’s army occupied the area as far as Midnapur and Hijli."{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ray|1960|p=9}} "In time Mirza Baqar marched to Cuttack, imprisoned Sayyid Ahmad with his children, wife and relatives in the [[Barabati fort|fort of Barabati]], made himself the master of the country. Then he conquered Midnapur and Hijli by sending his force"</ref>

== Final conquest ==
The capture of his nephew Saulat Jung and occupation of Odisha caused distress in the mind of Alivardi Khan, who wanted to rescue Saulat Jung and re-occupy Odisha. Mustafa Khan also encouraged Alivardi to chastise Mirza Baqer. Alivardi resolved to lead a military expedition into the province. He raised a huge army to maximise his success.<ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=51}}</ref>

The strength of the forces under his key commanders was significantly augmented as follows: Mustafa Khan's brigade was expanded to 5,000 cavalry; Shamshir Khan's to 3,000; Sardar Khan's to 2,000; Umar Khan's to 3,000; Ataullah Khan's to 2,000; and the contingents of Haider Khan, Fakhrullah Beg Khan, and [[Mir Jafar|Mir Jafar Khan]] to 1,000 each. Smaller units were assigned to Mir Sharfuddin and Shah Muhammad Masum each had 500 cavalry. Lastlyc Amanat Khan had 1,500 while [[Mir Qasim|Mir Kasim Khan]] had 200, and Bahadur Ali Khan's 500. In addition, several Hindu commanders, including Fateh Rao and Chedan Bahelia, recruited a force of 50,000 [[musketeer]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Alivardi left Shahamat Jung, with 5,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry in charge of Murshidabad and marched towards Cuttack at the head of 20,000 cavalry along with strong artillery.<ref name=":20">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=51}} "Leaving his eldest nephew Shahamat Jang, with five thousand cavalry and ten thousand infantry, as his deputy at Murshidabad, Alivardi marched in an auspicious moment towards Cuttack at the head of 20,000 cavalry and with a strong artillery."{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=209}} "Thus leaving his nephew Shahamat Jang, as his deputy at Murshidabad, Alivardi marched towards Cuttack at the head of 20,000 cavalry and with a strong artillery."</ref>

Alivardi Khan marched towards Cuttack and reached the northern bank of the Mahanadi River opposite Cuttack. Mirza Baqer, was encamped at Raipur on the southern bank. Mirza Baqer had positioned his baggage train few miles away from his main camp. There, Saulat Jang was held captive in a four-wheeled [[carriage]], guarded by Haji Muhammad Amin, brother of Lutfullah Tabrizi, two Turani soldiers, and 500 [[Telangana|Telinga]] infantry from the Deccan. The guards had orders to execute Saulat Jang if any forces loyal to Alivardi attempted a rescue. In the morning, Alivardi crossed the Mahanadi and advanced toward Mirza Baqer's camp. The sudden appearance of Alivardi's large army caused panic among Mirza Baqer's troops, who fled in disorder after only brief resistance, leaving their commander disheartened. In despair, Mirza Baqer, accompanied by his Maratha allies, retreated southward to the Deccan in early December 1741.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=51–52}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=209}}</ref>

Alivardi Khan tasked his generals, led by Mir Jafar Khan, with rescuing Saulat Jang. Mir Muhammad Amin Khan, accompanied by Asalat Khan, Dilir Khan, and seven soldiers, boldly approached the captive's carriage. Mirza Baqar's guards thrust spears into the coach, accidentally killing one Turani guard inside and wounding the other, while Saulat Jang remained unharmed. Alivardi's men then opened the carriage, freed Saulat Jang. In the confusion, Haji Muhammad Amin escaped the scene by mounting Mir Muhammad Amin Khan's horse without his knowledge. Alivardi recovered Saulat Jung's family and seized all the horses of Mirza Baqer.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=52–53}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Haque|1980|p=210}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Alivardi stayed at Odisha for three months to establish his authority. He appointed Shaikh Masum as the Deputy Governor of Odisha. Durlabh Ram, son of Jankiram, was now appointed ''peshkar'' of the Deputy Governor of Odisha.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=54}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485 |title=Alivardi and His Times |date=1939 |publisher=University of Calcutta |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Haque |first=Mohammed Anwarul |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Muslim_Administration_in_Orissa_1568_175.html?id=Co8eAAAAMAAJ |title=Muslim Administration in Orissa, 1568-1751 A.D. |date=1980 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/muslim-administration-in-orissa-1980 |archive-date=2021-07-01}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bhabani Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Orissa_Under_Marathas_1751_1803.html?id=37A9AAAAMAAJ |title=Orissa Under Marathas, 1751-1803 |date=1960 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |language=en |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/orissa-under-marathas-1960 |archive-date=2024-01-21}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007 |title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire 1739-1754 |publisher=Orient Longman Ltd |year=1964 |edition=3rd |volume=I |language=en}}
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1741]]
[[Category:1741 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Bengal Subah]]

Khatron Ke Khiladi 13

2026-01-14T04:12:54Z

Manish Khouriwal: added new post

{{Short description|Indian reality and stunt television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_name = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi
| season_number = 13
| bgcolour = #04d9ff
| image = Khatron Ke Khiladi 13.jpeg
| image_alt = Khatron ke Khiladi 13
| caption = 
| native_name = Iss Baar Har Level, Darr Next Level
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rohit Shetty]]
| num_contestants = 14
| winner = Dino James
| runner_up = [[Arjit Taneja]]
}}
| starring = [[#Contestants|See Below]]
| num_episodes = 27
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|07|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|10|14|df=y}}
| prev_season = [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12|Season 12]]
| next_season = [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14|Season 14]]
}}
''''' Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, Iss Baar Har Level, Darr Next Level''''' is the thirteenth season of ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'', an [[India]]n [[Reality television|reality]] and [[Stunt|stunt television series]] produced by [[Endemol India|Endemol Shine India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-first-promo-out-rohit-shetty-promises-darr-next-level-as-he-kidnaps-daisy-shah-rohit-roy-article-100727860 | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 FIRST Promo OUT! Rohit Shetty Promises 'Darr Next Level' as He Kidnaps Daisy Shah, Rohit Roy | date=3 June 2023 }}</ref> The show premiered from 15 July 2023 to 14 October 2023 on [[Colors TV]] and streams digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]. The series is filmed in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] and is hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/what-to-expect-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/20230714.htm | title=What to Expect from Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kkk13-rohit-shetty-begins-shoot-shiv-thakare-and-others-welcome-filmmaker-with-cool-video-7913413.html | title=KKK13: Rohit Shetty Begins Shoot, Shiv Thakare and Others Welcome Filmmaker in a Style | date=25 May 2023 }}</ref> The 27-episodes season was the longest since the inception of the series. Dino James emerged as the winner of the season, while [[Arjit Taneja]] became the 1st runner-up.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-rapper-singer-dino-james-lifts-coveted-trophy/ | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13: Rapper and Singer Dino James lifts the coveted trophy |accessdate=15 October 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-winner-dino-james-arjit-taneja-rohit-shetty-8617431.html | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 Winner: Dino James takes trophy home, Arjit Taneja first runner-up |accessdate=15 October 2023 |work=News18 India}}</ref>

== Contestants ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2"|Contestant
! Occupation
! Status
! Place
! Ref.
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Dino James
| Rapper
| {{Won|Winner}}
| 1st
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/after-quitting-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-aishwarya-sharma-to-participate-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-read-details-2368025-2023-05-03 | title=After quitting Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin, Aishwarya Sharma to participate in Khatron Ke Khiladi 13? Read details }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Arjit Taneja]]
| Actor
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up}}
| 2nd
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/arjit-taneja-confirms-participation-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-calls-it-dream-come-true-2364363-2023-04-25 | title=Arjit Taneja confirms participation in Khatron Ke Khiladi 13, calls it 'dream come true' }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Aishwarya Sharma]]
| Actress
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |2nd runner-up
| 3rd
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/dino-james-to-perform-death-defying-stunts-as-he-joins-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/|title=Dino James to perform death-defying stunts as he joins 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13'|website=Lokmattimes}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Rashmeet Kaur
| Singer
| {{Eliminated}}
| 4th
| <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nadiyon-paar-singer-rashmeet-kaur-joins-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/articleshow/100010137.cms | title=Nadiyon Paar singer Rashmeet Kaur joins Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 | newspaper=The Times of India | date=5 May 2023 }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Shiv Thakare]]
| Reality show alumnus
| {{Eliminated}}
| 5th
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=From Shiv Thakare being sent off by his aai to Ruhi Chaturvedi sharing a lip lock with hubby: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 contestants jet off to South Africa |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-shiv-thakare-being-sent-off-by-his-aai-to-ruhi-chaturvedi-sharing-a-lip-lock-with-hubby-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-contestants-jet-off-to-south-africa/photostory/100167405.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Archana Gautam]]
| Model, actress, politician
| {{Eliminated}}
| 6th
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/archana-gautam-dons-traditional-saree-during-visit-to-mumba-devi-temple-before-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-7723267.html | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13: Archana Gautam Visits Mumba Devi Temple Before Show Time | date=4 May 2023 }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Nyra Banerjee]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 7th
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nyrraa-m-banerji-joins-list-contestants-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/ | title=Nyrraa M Banerji joins the list of contestants in Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 : Bollywood News | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=25 April 2023 }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Soundous Moufakir
| Model, dancer
| {{Eliminated}}
| 8th
| <ref>{{cite news |date=4 May 2023 |title=Exclusive! Soundous Moufakir: It took Roadies and Splitsvilla for me to reach Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-soundous-moufakir-it-took-roadies-and-splitsvilla-for-me-to-reach-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/articleshow/99981140.cms}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Sheezan Khan]]
| Actor
| {{Eliminated}}
| 9th
| <ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Actor Sheezan Khan allowed to travel to South Africa for reality show shoot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/actor-sheezan-khan-travel-south-africa-reality-show-shoot-8591515/}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Daisy Shah]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 10th
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Breaking! Bollywood actress Daisy Shah to participate in Khatron Ke Khiladi 13|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/breaking-bollywood-actress-daisy-shah-to-participate-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/articleshow/100007197.cms|access-date=2023-05-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Anjum Fakih]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 11th
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Anjum Fakih visits Mahim Dargah before she leaves for Khatron Ke Khiladi 13, says 'Whenever I get a new show, I always come here to seek blessings'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anjum-fakih-visits-mahim-dargah-before-she-leaves-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-says-whenever-i-get-a-new-show-i-always-come-here-to-seek-blessings/articleshow/99939346.cms|access-date=2023-05-05|website=The Times of India|date=2 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Anjali Anand]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 12th
| <ref>{{cite news |date=21 April 2023 |title=Anjali Anand on participating in Khatron Ke Khiladi: I'm ready to battle my phobias and explore a foreign terrain with my fellow contestants |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anjali-anand-on-participating-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-im-ready-to-battle-my-phobias-and-explore-a-foreign-terrain-with-my-fellow-contestants/articleshow/99664992.cms}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Rohit Roy]]
| Actor
| {{Quit}}
| 13th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohit-shetty-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-rohit-roy-to-join-arjit-taneja-anjali-anand-and-anjum-fakih-8583978/|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13: Rohit Roy to join Arjit Taneja, Anjali Anand and Anjum Fakih|date=30 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Ruhi Chaturvedi]]
| Model, actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 14th
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kundali-bhagya-actress-ruhi-chaturvedi-preps-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-learns-boxing-show/ | title=Kundali Bhagya actress Ruhi Chaturvedi preps for Khatron Ke Khiladi 13; learns boxing for the show : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=29 April 2023 }}</ref>
|}
:{{Color box|#D0FF14|border=darkgray}} Indicates original entrants
:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Indicates re-entered entrants

== Elimination chart ==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{|class="wikitable" border="2" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:75%"
! rowspan="5" |
! colspan="79" |'''Weeks'''
|-
! colspan="4" |1
! colspan="11" |2
! colspan="7" |3
! colspan="10" |4
! colspan="3" |5
! colspan="3" |6
! colspan="4" |7
! colspan="11" |8
! colspan="4" |9
! colspan="3" |10
! colspan="3" |11
! colspan="5" |12
! colspan="9" |13
| colspan="2" bgcolor="gold" |'''14'''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Grand Premiere
! colspan="11" rowspan="2" |Red Funda Week{{ref|1|1}}
! colspan="7" rowspan="2" |Partners Week{{ref|4|4}}
! colspan="10" rowspan="2" |Relay Week{{ref|6|6}}
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |[[Rohit Shetty]] vs Khiladis{{ref|8|8}}
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Undercover Agent Week{{ref|10|10}}
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Target Week
! colspan="11" rowspan="2" |Team Week
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |[[Abdu Rozik]] Week{{ref|17|17}}
! colspan="6" |Challenger Week{{ref|18|18}}
! colspan="5" |{{nowrap|Ticket to Finale Week}}{{ref|18|18}}
! colspan="9" rowspan="2" |Semi Finale Week{{ref|21|21}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="gold" |{{nowrap|'''GRAND FINALE'''}}
|-
! colspan="3" |{{nowrap|Faisal Sheikh }}
! colspan="3" |{{nowrap|[[Divyanka Tripathi]]}}
! colspan="5" |[[Hina Khan]]
|-
! colspan="4" |15-16 July
! colspan="11" |22-23 July
! colspan="2" |29 July
! colspan="5" |30 July
! colspan="10" |5-6 August
! colspan="3" |12-13 August
! colspan="3" |19-20 August
! colspan="4" |26-27 August
! colspan="11" |2-3 September
! colspan="4" |9-10 September
! colspan="3" |16-17 September
! colspan="3" |23-24 September
! colspan="2" |30 September
! colspan="3" |1 October
! colspan="9" |7-8 October
| colspan="2" bgcolor="gold" |'''{{Nowrap|14 October }}'''
|-
! Dino
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="9" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''SHIV'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient(deepskyblue 50%, yellow 50%);" | '''WIN''' {{Nowrap|'''NYRA & DAISY'''}}
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |{{ref|15|15}}
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |{{ref|15|15}}
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| rowspan="10" |'''TIE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="tomato" |'''BLOCKED'''{{ref|19|19}}
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''30'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''30'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN (70 Pts)'''
| colspan="2" style="background:yellow ;" |'''Finalist'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
|style="background:#7CFC00;" |'''WINNER'''
|-
! Arjit
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="10" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''SHEEZAN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''SOUNDOUS'''{{ref|5|5}}
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, yellow 50%);" | '''LOST''' '''ARCHANA'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''{{ref|11|11}}
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |{{ref|15|15}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |{{ref|15|15}}
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''{{ref|20|20}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN (60 Pts)'''
| colspan="2" style="background:yellow;" |'''Finalist'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''1st RUNNER-UP'''
|-
! Aishwarya
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ANJUM'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ANJUM'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''{{ref|7|7}}
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| '''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
|'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''{{ref|19|19}}
| bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| colspan="9" bgcolor="turquoise" |{{nowrap|'''Ticket To Finale'''}}
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;"|{{nowrap|'''2nd RUNNER-UP'''}}
|-
! Rashmeet
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''NYRA'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' '''SHEEZAN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''{{ref|11|11}}
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |{{ref|15|15}}
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="tomato" |'''BLOCKED'''{{ref|19|19}}
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST (30)'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''
| bgcolor="white" |'''SAFE'''
| style="background:yellow ;" |'''Finalist'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Shiv
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="9" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''DINO'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( Plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{Nowrap|'''ANJALI & RASHMEET'''}}
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| bgcolor="antiquewhite" |'''BTM2'''
| bgcolor="white" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| '''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''{{ref|11|11}}
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''{{ref|11|11}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''30'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''30'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN (60 Pts)'''
| colspan="2" style="background:yellow ;" |'''Finalist'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Archana
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''SOUNDOUS'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''SHEEZAN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background:deepskyblue;" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''{{ref|11|11}}
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="antiquewhite" |'''BTM2'''
|'''SAFE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3"bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''{{ref|20|20}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST (40)'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Nyra
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''RASHMEET'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''{{ref|11|11}}
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''{{ref|13|13}}
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tomato" |'''TARGET'''{{ref|14|14}}
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |{{ref|16|16}}
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgreen" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''30'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST (40)'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Soundous
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ARCHANA'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ARJIT'''{{ref|5|5}}
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| colspan="2" style="background-image: linear-gradient( pink 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''SAFE''' {{nowrap|'''CODE RED'''}}
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''{{ref|9|9}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
|'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="19" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Sheezan
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ARJIT'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ARCHANA'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( deepskyblue 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''WIN''' '''SOUNDOUS'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''10'''
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| colspan="2" style="background:pink;" |'''SAVED'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="22" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Daisy
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( tomato 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''CODE RED''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''ANJALI'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( deepskyblue 50%, yellow 50%);" | '''WIN''' '''ARJIT'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |'''SAFE'''{{ref|9|9}}
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM3'''{{ref|11|11}}
| colspan="10" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''20'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''0'''
| bgcolor="antiquewhite" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="29" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Anjum
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="7" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''AISHWARYA'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''AISHWARYA'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="antiquewhite" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="12" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
| bgcolor="yellowgreen" |'''FAIL'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="orange" |'''WIN{{ref|12|12}}'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tomato" |'''TARGET'''{{ref|14|14}}
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="40" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Anjali
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="7" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| style="background-image: linear-gradient(plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| style="background-image: linear-gradient( plum 50%, tomato 50%);" | '''LOST''' {{nowrap|'''RED FUNDA'''}}
| style="background: antiquewhite;" |'''BTM'''
| style="background:white;" |'''SAFE'''
| bgcolor="#CD9575" |'''DAISY'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| bgcolor="antiquewhite" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="50" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! Rohit
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |'''SAFE'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="deepskyblue" |'''WIN'''
| colspan="66" bgcolor="#fcf" |'''QUIT'''{{ref|3|3}}
|-
! Ruhi
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| bgcolor="plum" |'''LOST'''
| style="background:antiquewhite;" |'''BTM2'''
| colspan="78" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|}
</blockquote>
{{refbegin|}}
#{{note|1}} ''Red Fear Funda'' contestant will perform the stunts until he/she got rid of it. In the end whoever has the ''Red Fear Funda'' will be eliminated.
#{{note|2}} Anjali nominated Anjum to compete in the elimination stunt with herself.
#{{note|3}} Rohit had to quit the journey due to medical injury.
#{{note|4}} {{color box|#CD9575|border=darkgray}} Pairs during Partner Week.
#{{note|5}} By winning the ''Code Red'' mini stunt, Soundous was allowed to switch her partner.
#{{note|6}} In Relay Week, Contestants will form a team by nominating a contestant for the next stunt. In the end, two contestants from team with most ''Fear Funda'' will perform the elimination stunt.
#{{note|7}} Aishwarya was in no team but was exempt from performing the elimination stunt by doing a correct prediction in ''Code Red.''
#{{note|8}} If contestants win their stunts and manage to collect 10×[[File:Crystal Clear action bookmark.png|15px]] before Rohit Shetty then there will be no elimination. If any contestant fails in their stunt then Rohit Shetty will earn a star.
#{{note|9}} Rohit Shetty allowed unsafe contestants to save two contestants among them by mutual decision.
#{{note|10}} The ''Undercover Agent'' is safe from elimination until his/her identity is discovered. He/she can give disadvantage to contestant during any stunt. Later, Shiv was revealed to be the ''Undercover Agent.''
#{{note|11}} Stunt performed with an additional disadvantage.
#{{note|12}} Dino proxies Anjum due to health halt.
#{{note|13}} ''Undercover Agent'' nominated Nyra directly among unsafe contestants for the elimination stunt.
#{{note|14}} Anjum and Nyra were nominated as ''Target''. They received ''Fear Funda'' and directly performed the second pre-elimination stunt.
#{{note|15}} Captains of respective teams: Blue Team, Red Team and Yellow Team. After the merger of Team Yellow & Team Red, Dino and Arjit remained the Captains of Team Blue and Team Yellow respectively.
#{{note|16}} Nyra was transferred from Team Yellow to Team Blue by Captain Arjit.
#{{note|17}} Abdu Rozik entered as a guest entrant.
#{{note|18}} Faisal Sheikh, Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya and Hina Khan entered as challengers. Faisal and Divyanka will set a challenge against the contestant who received ''Fear Funda'' while Hina will set a challenge against the contestant for the Ticket to Finale.
#{{note|19}} Aishwarya was allowed to choose two players who will not perform in the ''Ticket to Finale'' race. She chose Dino and Rashmeet.
#{{note|20}} Arjit and Archana performed better than their peers and were allowed to compete in the ''Ticket to Finale'' race.
#{{note|21}} In the semi-finale, all contestants will do the stunts together, First Best Performer will win 30 points, Second Best Performer will win 20 points, Third Best Performer will win 10 points. At the end of the week the three top contestants with the most points will go to the Finale and last three will perform the elimination stunt.
{{refend}}
:{{Color box|#73FB76|border=darkgray}} Winner
:{{Color box|#D1E8EF|border=darkgray}} 1st runner-up
:{{Color box|#7FFFD4|border=darkgray}} 2nd runner-up
:{{color box|yellow|border=darkgray}} Finalists
:{{Color box|turquoise|border=darkgray}} Ticket to finale
:{{Color box|deepskyblue|border=darkgray}} The contestant won the stunt.
:{{Color box|plum|border=darkgray}} The contestant lost the stunt and received ''Fear Funda''.
:{{Color box|lightgreen|border=darkgray}} The contestant got rid of ''Fear Funda'' by winning the pre-elimination stunt / ''Red Funda'' by performing better than his/her co-contestants.
:{{Color box|antiquewhite|border=darkgray}} The contestant was placed in the bottom and performed the elimination stunt.
:{{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} The contestant was safe from elimination by winning the elimination stunt.
:{{Color box|salmon|border=dark gray}} The contestant was eliminated.
:{{Color box|darkgray|border=darkgray}} The contestant did not perform the stunt.
:{{Color box|pink|border=darkgray}} The contestant was saved/exempt from performing the stunt.
:{{Color box|yellowgreen|border=darkgray}} The contestant failed to earn a [[File:Crystal Clear action bookmark.png|15px]] vs Rohit Shetty / Failed in the ''Ticket to Finale'' Race.
:{{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}} Injury

==Code Red==
Rohit Shetty introduced ''"Code Red"'' to the contestants revealing that it can change the dynamics of the game.
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;"
!bgcolor=black| {{white|Week}}
!bgcolor=black|{{white|Contestants Entered}}
!bgcolor=black|{{white|Offer/Task}}
!bgcolor=black|{{white|Result}}
|-
! rowspan="3" |Week 1
|Shiv
| rowspan="3" |Give up immunity of Week 1 to get a superpower in Week 2.
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="tomato" |Rejected the offer
|-
|Soundous
|-
|Arjit
|-
! rowspan="13" |Week 2
|Aishwarya
| rowspan="13" |Name one contestant who won the tasks in Week 1 by fluke. Contestants named Daisy Shah.
| rowspan="13" bgcolor="tomato" |Daisy got 'Red Funda'
|-
| Anjali
|-
|Anjum
|-
| Archana
|-
| Arjit
|-
| Daisy
|-
| Dino
|-
| Nyra
|-
| Rashmeet
|-
| Rohit
|-
| Sheezan
|-
| Shiv

|-
| soundous
|-
! rowspan="2" |Week 3
| rowspan="2" |Soundous
|Offered to change her partner for Week 3.
| bgcolor="lightgreen" |Accepted the offer
|-
|Choose a partner from the four contestants who got 'Fear Funda.'
| bgcolor="lightgreen" |She chose Arjit
|-
! rowspan="3" |Week 4
|Soundous
| rowspan="3" |Predict if Arjit or Sheezan will choose them in next stunt. If predictions would be correct then they will be saved from the Elimination Stunt. Archana and Soundous predicted that they both will be chosen while Aishwarya predicted she will not be chosen.
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="lightgreen" |All three, Aishwarya, Archana and Soundous made correct predictions.
|-
|Archana
|-
|Aishwarya
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 5
|Archana
| rowspan="5" |Choose any one option from the following three options- Option 1: If they won, they can save everyone from elimination. Option 2: If they lost, one from them will do elimination stunt. Option 3: If they denies to do Bonus stunt, then they all five are safe.
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="lightgreen" |Chosen Option 3
|-
|Nyra
|-
|Rashmeet
|-
|Arjit
|-
|Dino
|-
! rowspan="6" |Week 6
|Archana
| rowspan="6" |Predict who is the undercover agent. If they predict correctly, the Undercover agent will perform the elimination stunt. If they predict wrong, any one of them will perform elimination stunt. They predicted Daisy Shah.
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="tomato" |Prediction was incorrect
|-
|Nyra
|-
|Shiv
|-
|Arjit
|-
|Sheezan
|-
|Daisy
|-
! rowspan="2" |Week 7
|Nyra
| rowspan="2" |Choose any one option from the following two options- Option 1: Compete with each other. The winner will become safe. Option 2: Compete in team with Sheezan and Rashmeet. If they win, they are both safe and Sheezan and Rashmeet will go to the elimination stunt.
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="tomato" |Chosen Option 2
|-
|Anjum
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 8
|Dino
| rowspan="3" |Merge any two teams to compete against one team, scores of those two teams will also be merged.
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="lightgreen" |Team Arjit & Team Rashmeet were merged. Arjit remains the captain.
|-
|Rashmeet
|-
| rowspan="2" |Arjit
|-
|Transfer any Contestant from Team Arjit to Team Dino.
| bgcolor="lightgreen" |Nyra was transferred from Team Arjit to Team Dino.
|-
|}

==Stunt matrix==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{|class="wikitable" border="2" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! rowspan="4" |Contestant
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Grand Premiere
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Red Fear Funda Week
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Partner Week
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Relay Week
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |[[Rohit Shetty]] vs Khiladis Week
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Undercover Agent Week
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Target Week
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Team Week
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |[[Abdu Rozik]] Week
! colspan="7" |Challenger Weeks
! rowspan="2" |{{nowrap|Semi-Final Week}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=gold|'''{{nowrap|Grand Finale Week }}'''
|-
! colspan="3" |Faisal Sheikh
! colspan="3" |[[Divyanka Tripathi]]
![[Hina Khan]]
|-
! colspan="4" |15-16 July
! colspan="2" |22-23 July
! 29 July
! colspan="2" |30 July
! colspan="2" |5-6 August
! colspan="3" |12-13 August
! colspan="3" |19-20 August
! colspan="3" |26-27 August
! colspan="2" |2-3 September
! colspan="3" |{{nowrap|9-10 September}}
! colspan="3" |{{nowrap|16-17 September}}
! colspan="3" |{{nowrap|23-24 September}}
!{{Nowrap|30 September-1 October}}
!7-8 October
|bgcolor=gold|'''14 October'''
|-
! {{Nowrap|Premiere Stunt}}
! Immunity
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
!{{nowrap|Red Funda}}
! Elimination
! Immunity
!{{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! Immunity
! Elimination
! Immunity
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! Immunity
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! Immunity
!{{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
!Immunity
! Elimination
! Immunity
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! {{Nowrap|Star Player}}
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! {{Nowrap|Star Player}}
! {{Nowrap|Pre-elimination}}
! Elimination
! Ticket to Finale
!
|Bgcolor=gold|
|-
! '''Aishwarya'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #B5651D 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Animal & Shock'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |'''CODE RED'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #ACD5F3 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Shock & Animal'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
|
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, plum 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Vehicle'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#FA6819" |'''Fire'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="turquoise" |'''Ticket To Finale'''
|
|-
! '''Archana'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
|
|-
! '''Arjit'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
|
|
|-
! '''Dino'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
|
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #ACD5F3 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Shock & Ice'''}}
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, plum 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Vehicle'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
|
|
|-
! '''Nyra'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="tomato" |'''CODE RED'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tomato" |'''TARGET'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#FA6819" |'''Fire'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" |'''Animal'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
|
|
|-
! '''Rashmeet'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, plum 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Vehicle'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
|
|
|-
! '''Shiv'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" | '''Water'''
|
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| bgcolor="#ACD5F3" | '''Shock'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #ACD5F3 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Shock & Animal'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
|
|-
! '''Soundous'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
|
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" |'''Animal'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| colspan="6" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! '''Sheezan'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
|
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #ACD5F3 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Shock & Ice'''}}
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" | '''Water'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Shock'''}}
| colspan="9" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! '''Daisy'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
|
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #B5651D 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Animal & Shock'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, plum 50%, Yellow 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Vehicle & Height'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #66a5ad 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Dark & Animal'''}}
| colspan="15" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! '''Anjum'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #B5651D 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Animal & Shock'''}}
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, yellow 50%, #0087BD 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Height & Water'''}}
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #0087BD 50%, #B5651D 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Water & Animal'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tomato" |'''TARGET'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="29" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! '''Anjali'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| style="background:linear-gradient(to right bottom, #B5651D 50%, #ACD5F3 50%);" | {{nowrap|'''Animal & Shock'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#0087BD" |'''Water'''
| bgcolor="#ACD5F3" | '''Shock'''
| colspan="31" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|-
! '''Rohit'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="darkgray" |
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
|
| colspan="33" style="background:orange" |'''QUIT'''
|-
! '''Ruhi'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Yellow" | '''Height'''
| bgcolor="Plum" | '''Vehicle'''
| bgcolor="#B5651D" | '''Animal'''
| colspan="34" bgcolor="salmon" |'''ELIMINATED'''
|}
</blockquote>

:{{Color box|darkgray|border=darkgray}} indicates contestant ''won their immunity / pre-elimination / Red 'Fear Funda' stunt / in winning team / Failed in Ticket to Finale and did not perform in the following stunt.''

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table|background=#9C2542 |overall=|title=|airdate=|airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/3499776|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>|country=India|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Mega Premiere: Darr Next Level
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|15|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/mega-premiere-darr-next-level/3781406|title=E1 : Mega Premiere: Darr Next Level|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Code Red and a shock for Khiladis
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|16|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/code-red-and-a-shock-for-khiladis/3781744|title=E2 : Code Red and a shock for Khiladis|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = What's The Red Fanda?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|22|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/what-s-the-red-fanda/3786253|title=E3 : What's The Red Fanda?|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Unexpected Khatra in the Wild
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|23|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/unexpected-khatra-in-the-wild/3786740|title=E4 : Unexpected Khatra in the Wild|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Daisy faces terror
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|29|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/daisy-faces-terror/3812223|title=E5 : Daisy faces terror|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = The water puzzle!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|30|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/the-water-puzzle/3812656|title=E6 : The water puzzle!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Nyra goes underwater
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|05|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/nyra-goes-underwater/3814300|title=E7 : Nyra goes underwater|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Arjit faces the Tarzan stunt
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|06|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/arjit-faces-the-tarzan-stunt/3814524|title=E8 : Arjit faces the Tarzan stunt|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Khiladi Boss vs Bigg Boss!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|12|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/khiladi-boss-vs-bigg-boss/3816081|title=E9 : Khiladi Boss vs Bigg Boss!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Rohit's hazardous challenge!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|13|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/rohit-s-hazardous-challenge/3816581|title=E10 : Rohit's hazardous challenge!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = An underwater stunt!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|19|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/an-underwater-stunt/3818380|title=E11 : An underwater stunt!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = The Khiladis get into an argument
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|20|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/the-khiladis-get-into-an-argument/3818520|title=E12 : The Khiladis get into an argument|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Rohit stuns the Khiladis
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|26|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/rohit-stuns-the-khiladis/3819918|title=E13 : Rohit stuns the Khiladis|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|Title = Sheezan experiences claustrophobia
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|27|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/sheezan-experiences-claustrophobia/3820039|title=E14 : Sheezan experiences claustrophobia|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|Title = Khiladis elect their captain
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|02|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/khiladis-elect-their-captain/3821253|title=E15 : Khiladis elect their captain|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|Title = Code Red is back!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|03|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/code-red-is-back/3821405|title=E16 : Code Red is back!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|Title = Abdu Rozik joins the show!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|09|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/abdu-rozik-joins-the-show/3823424|title=E17 : Abdu Rozik joins the show!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|Title = Arjit-Soundous' risky stunt
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|10|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/arjit-soundous-risky-stunt/3823652|title=E18 : Arjit-Soundous' risky stunt|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|Title = Stars vs Khiladis
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|16|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/stars-vs-khiladis/3825594|title=E19 : Stars vs Khiladis|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|Title = Shiv competes against Faisal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|17|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/shiv-competes-against-faisal/3825801|title=E20 : Shiv competes against Faisal|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|Title = A dynamic fire stunt!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|23|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/a-dynamic-fire-stunt/3828397|title=E21 : A dynamic fire stunt!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|Title = Nyra vs Soundous
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|24|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/nyra-vs-soundous/3828674|title=E22 : Nyra vs Soundous|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|Title = A battle on a moving truck!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|30|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/a-battle-on-a-moving-truck/3831568|title=E23 : A battle on a moving truck!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|Title = Aishwarya acquires a power!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|01|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/13/aishwarya-acquires-a-power/3832163|title=E24 : Aishwarya acquires a power!|website=www.jiocinema.com}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|Title = Hang in there, Archana!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|07|df=y}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 9C2542
}}
}}

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
In February 2023, [[Rohit Shetty]] entered the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|''Bigg Boss 16'']] house and selected [[Shalin Bhanot]] as the first contestant for the upcoming season, but he declined.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/feature/rohit-shetty-takes-shalin-bhanot-as-first-contestant-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-13/1367693/ | title=Rohit Shetty takes Shalin Bhanot as first contestant of 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13' | date=12 February 2023 }}</ref>

In May 2023, it was reported that [[Abdu Rozik]] would join the series as ''Guest''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/abdu-rozik-to-join-shiv-thakare-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-in-south-africa-find-out-7829629.html | title=Abdu Rozik to Join Shiv Thakare for Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 in South Africa? Find Out | date=16 May 2023 }}</ref>

In June 2023, [[Divyanka Tripathi]], [[Hina Khan]] and Faisal Shaikh were approached to be a part of the series as ''Challengers''.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mr-faisu-to-join-divyanka-tripathi-and-hina-khan-as-a-new-addition-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-exclusive/articleshow/100944663.cms | title=Mr Faisu to join Divyanka Tripathi and Hina Khan as a new addition in 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13'?- Exclusive | newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/divyanka-tripathi-has-gone-as-challenger-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-ditto-for-hina-khan-and-mr-faisu-whore-going-in-separate-flights-exclusive/articleshow/101151598.cms | title=Divyanka Tripathi has gone as challenger in 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13'; Ditto for Hina Khan and Mr Faisu, who're going in separate flights- Exclusive | newspaper=The Times of India | date=21 June 2023 }}</ref>

=== Development ===
[[File:Rohit-Shetty-attends-the-launch-of-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-13.jpg|thumb|left|{{no wrap|[[Rohit Shetty|Shetty]] during Launch}}]]
The contestants were spotted at the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai Airport]] before leaving for [[South Africa]] on 11 May 2023.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-shiv-thakare-being-sent-off-by-his-aai-to-ruhi-chaturvedi-sharing-a-lip-lock-with-hubby-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-contestants-jet-off-to-south-africa/photostory/100167405.cms | title=From Shiv Thakare being sent off by his AAI to Ruhi Chaturvedi sharing a lip lock with hubby: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 contestants jet off to South Africa | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> [[Rohit Shetty|Shetty]] was spotted leaving for [[South Africa]] on 16 May 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/videos/rohit-shetty-leaves-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-13-in-south-africa-khatron-ke-khiladi-new-season-7826797.html | title=Rohit Shetty Leaves for Khatron Ke Khiladi Season 13 in South Africa | Khatron Ke Khiladi New Season }}</ref>

The series was announced by [[Colors TV]] on 23 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13's complete list of confirmed contestants: Daisy Shah, Sheezan Khan, and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/khatron-ke-khiladi-13s-complete-list-of-confirmed-contestants-daisy-shah-sheezan-khan-and-more-101684824765314.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

[[Divyanka Tripathi]] was spotted at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai Airport]] before leaving for [[Cape Town]] on 20 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/divyanka-tripathi-leaves-for-cape-town-to-join-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-says-im-going-to-bring-twists-2395676-2023-06-21 | title=Divyanka Tripathi leaves for Cape Town to join 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13', says 'I'm going to bring twists' }}</ref>

[[File:Rohit-Shetty-snapped-with-the-contestants-of-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-13.jpg|thumb|right|{{no wrap|[[Rohit Shetty|Shetty]] snapped with the contestants during Grand Finale}}]]
The contestants were spotted at the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai Airport]] after returning from [[Cape Town]], South Africa on 5 July 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-aishwarya-sharmas-emotional-reunion-with-neil-bhatt-melts-hearts-8258443.html | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13: Aishwarya Sharma's Emotional Reunion with Neil Bhatt Melts Hearts | date=5 July 2023 }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The [[principal photography]] of the series began on 20 May 2023 in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rohit-shetty-takes-charge-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-starts-filming-south-africa-watch/ | title=Rohit Shetty takes charge as Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 starts filming in South Africa; watch : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=20 May 2023 }}</ref> [[Rohit Shetty]] took to his [[Instagram]] to officially announce the same.<ref>{{Cite instagram |author=Rohit Shetty |author-link=Rohit Shetty |user=itsrohitshetty |postid=CsdpgV4Kv8s |title=Might have started the year with a few broken bones but now gearing up to break a few rules of action. Khatron ke khiladi season 13. Filming begins in South Africa. Hope you give us the same love that you have been giving us in my past 7 seasons|date=20 May 2023}}</ref>

On 3 July 2023, [[Rohit Shetty]] announced the wrap up of "Khatron Ke Khiladi 13" in [[Cape Town]] after 50 days schedule.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-shetty-shiv-thakare-and-others-share-posts-on-the-last-day-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-in-cape-town-see-post/articleshow/101464256.cms | title=Rohit Shetty, Shiv Thakare, and others share posts on the last day of Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 in Cape Town; see post | newspaper=The Times of India | date=3 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/50-days-84-stunts-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-host-rohit-shetty-signs-off-from-cape-town-8257981.html | title='50 days, 84 stunts': Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 Host Rohit Shetty Signs off from Cape Town | date=5 July 2023 }}</ref>

The contestants<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/5-moments-from-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-that-made-headlines-on-monday-masala-2443356-2023-10-02 | title=5 moments from 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13' that made headlines. On Monday Masala }}</ref> reunited for the finale episode shooting held on 2 October 2023 in [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-rohit-shetty-shares-emotional-note-after-final-episode-2443629-2023-10-03 | title='Khatron Ke Khiladi 13': Rohit Shetty shares emotional note after final episode }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohit-shetty-shoots-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-finale-arjit-taneja-dino-james-aishwarya-sharma-winner-8966095/ | title=Rohit Shetty shoots Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 finale, here's who won among Arjit Taneja, Aishwarya Sharma and Dino James | date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>

==Reception==
''[[Times Now]]'' wrote, "As expected, the episode started with a bang. But, later it turned annoying and boring."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/khatron-ke-khiladi-13-first-episode-review-grand-premiere-of-rohit-shetty-show-was-nothing-but-snooze-fest-article-101788630 | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 First Episode Review: Grand Premiere of Rohit Shetty Show Was Nothing but Snooze Fest |accessdate=15 July 2023 |work=Times Now| date=15 July 2023 }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of programmes broadcast by Colors TV]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/khatron-ke-khiladi-13/ ''Khatron Ke Khiladi 13''] on [[Colors TV]]

{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (season 13)}}
[[Category:2023 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|13]]
[[Category:Television shows filmed in South Africa]]

Kodambakkam metro station

2026-01-02T12:58:02Z

Manish Khouriwal: added new entry

{{short description|Upcoming Chennai Metro's Yellow Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|50px]] Kodambakkam
| style = Chennai Metro
| type = {{Chennai Metro Infobox station line|line = 4}}
| image =
| address =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.05251|80.23121|display=inline,title}}
| owned = Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)
| operator = [[Chennai Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Yellow|croute}}
| platforms = [[Island platform]] Platform-1 → {{stl|Chennai Metro|Lighthouse}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Chennai Metro|Poonamallee Bypass}}
| tracks = 2
| structure = Underground, [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Under Construction
| opening = {{start date and age|df=yes|March 2027}} '''''(TBC)'''''
| electrified = Single phase 25 kV, 35 Hz AC through [[overhead catenary]]
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Chennai Metro|line1=Yellow|left1=Kodambakkam Powerhouse|to-left1=Poonamallee Bypass|right1=Panagal Park|to-right1=Lighthouse|line2=Yellow|left2=Kodambakkam Powerhouse|to-left2=Parandur Airport|note-mid2=''(Future Service)''|right2=Panagal Park|to-right2=Lighthouse}}
| connections = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|20px|up|link=Chennai Suburban Railway]] [[Kodambakkam railway station|Kodambakkam]]
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Chennai Metro Yellow Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Yellow}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Kodambakkam''' is an upcoming underground metro station on the East-West Corridor of the [[Yellow Line (Chennai Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Chennai Metro]] in [[Chennai]], India. This metro station will be among the 30 stations of Corridor IV and 12 underground stations along Corridor IV of the Chennai Metro, [[Poonamallee Bypass metro station|Poonamallee Bypass]]–[[Lighthouse metro station|Lighthouse]] stretch. This metro station is a key station in Yellow Line having [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] station connectivity. It is slated to be operational by March 2027 along with remaining underground stations in yellow line till [[Lighthouse metro station|Light house]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Metro to T Nagar to be operational by March 2027 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/chennai/dt-exclusive-metro-to-t-nagar-to-be-operational-by-march-2027-820233 |date=2025-01-23|last=Sampath|first=Nirupa|access-date=2025-04-14 |website=DT Next |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai Metro Phase 2 – Information, Route Maps, Tenders & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/chennai-metro-phase-2-information-map/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
In February 2021, Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) invited bids for the construction of this Kodambakkam metro station situated on the underground section stretching from Kodambakkam Flyover to [[Boat Club metro station|Boat Club]], which also forms a part of [[Line 4 (Chennai Metro)|Corridor 4]] under Phase 2 of the [[Chennai Metro]] network. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-16 |title=6 Bidders for Chennai Metro Line-4's Underground Work |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2021/08/16/6-bidders-for-chennai-metro-line-4s-underground-work/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>

Apart from this metro station, this package includes four other stations, namely Kodambakkam Flyover, [[Panagal Park metro station|Panagal Park]], [[Nandanam metro station|Nandanam]], and [[Boat Club metro station|Boat Club]]. The group of bidders participated in this package as well, namely ITD Cementation India Ltd., [[Larsen & Toubro|Larsen & Toubro (L&T)]], [[Gülermak|Gulermak]], Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd. (STEC), and a [[joint venture]] of J Kumar Infraprojects–Patel Infrastructure.

Upon evaluation, '''ITD Cementation India Ltd.''', submitted the most favorable bid in both technical and financial terms and was consequently awarded the contract.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-25 |title=ITD Cem Wins Chennai Metro Line-4's Underground Work |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2021/11/25/itd-cem-wins-chennai-metro-line-4s-underground-work/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref> They commenced underground construction in accordance with the approved execution framework, marking another milestone in the progress of Corridor 4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=ITD Cem Awarded Chennai Metro Line-4's Underground Contracts |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2022/01/13/itd-cem-awarded-chennai-metro-line-4s-underground-contracts/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref> The tunneling work from {{stl|Chennai Metro|Panagal Park}} to Kodambakkam station is completed by March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-09 |title=Chennai Metro Rail's tunnel from T. Nagar to Kodambakkam to be ready by March 2025 |last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tunnel-between-t-nagar-and-kodambakkam-for-metro-rail-phase-ii-to-be-ready-by-march-2025/article68845158.ece |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=The Hindu |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Station layout==
'''''Station Layout - To Be Confirmed'''''
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Kodambakkam track layout ''(TBC)''
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Yellow}}
| title-color = blue
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = HSTg\HSTf
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Chennai Metro|Panagal Park}} **
*'''P1'''\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)\*'''P2'''
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Chennai Metro|Kodambakkam Powerhouse}} **
HSTg\HSTf
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and one Island platform ** '''Under Construction'''</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
| width="30" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''G'''
| width="85" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Street level
| width="500" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exit/Entrance
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''L1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Mezzanine
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
| rowspan="3" width="30" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''L2'''
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |Towards → {{stl|Chennai Metro|Lighthouse}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Chennai Metro|Panagal Park}}
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Island platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the right </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Towards ← {{stl|Chennai Metro|Poonamallee Bypass}} ** '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Chennai Metro|Kodambakkam Powerhouse}}
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="30" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="85" valign="top" |'''''Note:'''''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" valign="top" |'''''** (Further extension to {{stl|Chennai Metro|Parandur Airport}} in the future)'''''
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Chennai metro stations]]
* [[Railway stations in Chennai]]
* [[Transport in Chennai]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India]]
* [[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Chennai Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Chennai}}
* {{Official website|http://chennaimetrorail.org/}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Portal bar|India|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}
{{Chennai topics}}
{{Chennai Metro|line 4=yes}}
{{Transport in Chennai}}

[[Category:Chennai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]

Dhumketu (writer)

2025-12-31T07:57:34Z

Manish Khouriwal: Put Up Basic Stub More To Come

{{short description|Indian writer (1892–1965)}}
{{Other uses|Dhumketu (disambiguation){{!}}Dhumketu}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Dhumketu
| image = Dhumketu(writer)Pic.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = gu
| pseudonym = Dhumketu
| birth_name = Gaurishankar Govardhanram Joshi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1892|12|12}}
| birth_place = [[Virpur (Rajkot)|Virpur]], [[Virpur State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1965|3|11|1892|12|12}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Short story writer, novelist
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[Post Office (short story)|Post Office]]'' (1923)
| spouse = Kashiben
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1935; declined)
* [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] (1949)
}}
| signature =
| years_active =
}}

'''Gaurishankar Govardhanram Joshi''' (1892–1965), better known by his pen name '''Dhumketu''', was an Indian [[Gujarati language|Gujarati-language]] writer,<ref name="Patel 2014">{{cite web | last=Patel | first=Ano | title=Ahmedabad to celebrate Dhumketu's 122nd birthday | website=The Times of India | date=7 December 2014 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/Dhumketu-Ahmedabad-to-celebrate-Dhumketus-122nd-birthday/articleshow/45401654.cms | access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> who is considered one of the pioneers of the [[Gujarati literature|Gujarati short story]]. He published twenty-four collections of [[Short story|short stories]], as well as thirty-two novels on social and historical subjects, and plays and [[Travel literature|travelogue]]s. His writing is characterised by a dramatic style, [[romanticism]] and powerful depiction of human emotions.

== Early life ==
Gaurishankar was the third son of Govardhanram Joshi and was a Baj Khedawal Brahmin by birth.{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}} He was born on 12 December 1892 at [[Virpur (Rajkot)|Virpur]], a place near [[Rajkot]] and [[Gondal, India|Gondal]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India). Gaurishankar served at Virpur School drawing a salary of four Rupees per month. During this period he was asked to read biographies, historical novels etc. before Khatijabibi, who was the wife of Ishan.{{who|date=December 2016}} This habit made Guarishankar take a deep interest in literature. He has also written famous English poems, chapters including ''The Letter'' which is still popular.<ref name="Datta1988">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1007|access-date=2 August 2014|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|pages=1007–}}</ref><ref name="Kendra2007">{{cite book|author=Hiralaxmi Navanitbhai Shah Dhanya Gurjari Kendra|title=Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4oMAQAAMAAJ|access-date=2 August 2014|year=2007|publisher=Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust|pages=369–370}}</ref><ref name="tri">{{cite book|title=Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyQ6AAAAIAAJ|access-date=2 August 2014|year=1967|publisher=Triveni Publishers.|pages=53–55}}</ref>

In 1908, he went to Bilkha, a place close to [[Junagadh]]. He married Kashiben, the daughter of Gaurishankar Bhatt. There was Nathuram Sharma's Ashram in [[Bilkha]]. It had a large library which helped him graduate with Sanskrit and English in 1920. He served as a clerk at [[Gondal, India|Gondal]] in railway for a year. In 1923, he left the government job and went to [[Ahmedabad]] and started teaching at the private school run by [[Ambalal Sarabhai]], father of [[Vikram Sarabhai]]. During this period his literary activities blossomed. His pen name ''Dhumketu'' (Nom – de – plume) became well known in Gujarati literature. He died on 11 March 1965.<ref name="Dhumketu, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad"/>

== Works ==
He is considered one of the pioneers of the Gujarati short story. He wrote 492 short stories. A collection of his short stories with the title ''Tankha'' was published in 1926. The four volumes of ''Tankha'' are considered as a milestone in Gujarati literature. His writing is characterised by a poetic style, romanticism and powerful depiction of human emotions. Through his short story, he gave a new dimension of experience, created characters drawn from different status and professions of life; and introduced a variety of locales and psychological moods. His first short stories collection ''Tankha'' (Sparks) was published in 1926,<ref name="Das1991">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das |author-link=Sisir Kumar Das |title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA264|year=1991|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|page=264}}</ref> followed by ''Tankha-2'' (1928), ''Tankha-3'' (1932) and ''Tankha-4'' (1935). His other short stories collections include ''Avashesh'' (1932), ''Pradeep'' (1933), ''Mallika Ane Biji Vartao'' (1937),''Tribheto'' (1938), ''Aakashdeep'' (1947), ''Parivesh'' (1949), ''Anamika'' (1949), ''Vanchhaya'' (1949), ''Pratibimba'' (1951), ''Vanrekha'' (1952), ''Jaldeep'' (1953), ''Vankunj'' (1954), ''Vanrenu'' (1956), ''Mangaldeep'' (1957), ''Chandrarekha'' (1959), ''Nikunj'' (1960), ''Sandhyarang'' (1961), ''Sandhyatej'' (1962), ''Vasantakunj'' (1964) and ''Chhello Jhabakaro'' (1964).<ref name="Dhumketu, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad">{{cite web | title=સવિશેષ પરિચય: ગૌરીશંકર જોશી ધૂમકેતુ, ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય પરિષદ | website=Dhumketu, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad |url=https://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Dhumketu.html | language=gu | access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

He wrote novels, drama, biographies, reflective essays, satires and books for adults and children. He published more than 250 books in the various fields.<ref name="Patel 2014"/> He wrote 29 historical and 7 social novels. His historical novels are grouped in two series namely ''[[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya Yuga]] Granthavalis'' and ''[[Gupta Empire|Gupta Yuga]] Granthavalis''. He has freely adapted [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|Kanaiyalal Munshi]]'s dramatic devices in his historical novels.<ref name="Das1991"/> His historical novels include ''Chauladevi'' (1940), ''Rajsanyasi'' (1942), ''Karnavati'' (1942), ''Rajkanya'' (1943), ''Vachinidevi'' (1945), ''Jaysinha Siddharaj: Barbarjishnu'' (1945), ''Jaysinha Siddharaj: Tribhuvan Khand'' (1947), ''Jaysinha Siddharaj: Avantinath'' (1948), ''Gurajareshwar Kumarpal'' (1948), ''Rajarshi Kumarpal'' (1950), ''Nayikadevi'' (1951), ''Rai Karan Ghelo'' (1952), ''Ajit Bhimdev'' (1953), ''Aamrapali'' (1954), ''Nagari Vaishali'' (1954), ''Magadhpati'' (1955), ''Mahaamatya Chanakya'' (1955), ''Chandragupta Maurya'' (1956), ''Samrat Chandragupta'' (1957), ''Priyadarshi Ashok'' (1958), ''Priyadarshi Samrat Ashok'' (1958), ''Magadhsenapati Pushpamitra'' (1959), ''Kumardevi'' (1960), ''Gurjarpati Moolrajdev: 1-2'' (1961), ''Paradhin Gujarat'' (1962), ''Bharatsamrat Samudragupta: 1, 2'' (1963, 1964), ''Dhruvdevi'' (1966). His social novels include ''Prutvish'' (1923), ''Rajmugat'' (1924), ''Rudrasharan'' (1937), ''Ajita'' (1939), ''Parajay'' (1939), ''Jivan Na Khander'' (1963) and ''Manzil Nahi Kinara'' (1964).<ref name="Dhumketu, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad"/>

''Kalikalsarvagnya Hemchandracharya'' (1940) is the biographical work written by him on the life of [[Hemachandra]], a [[Jainism|Jain]] scholar and poet. ''Jivanpanth'' and ''Jivanrang'' are two of his autobiographies which provided a vivid glimpse of his past life and an idea of how he became a writer.<ref name="Datta1988"/><ref name="George1992">{{cite book|author=K. M. George (writer) |author-link=K. M. George (writer) |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA135|access-date=5 December 2016|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|page=135}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
In 1935, he was awarded [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]], the highest award in Gujarati literature, which he refused to accept. He received [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] for literary activities in 1949. He served as an adviser to the [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Delhi]] for Gujarati in 1957. He won the rare honour to represent India in a book published in the US with the title ''Stories From Many Lands''. This was a collection of the best stories from sixty countries. His story ''The Letter'' (Originally published as ''[[Post Office (short story)|Post Office]]'') was included in it. Sahitya Akademi, Delhi published this story in ''Contemporary Indian Short Stories'' and Penguin Books published in ''The Best Loved Indian Stories of The Century'' (volume II).<ref name="Dhumketu, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad"/>

== Bibliography ==

=== Historical novels ===

* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1954 |title=''Aamrapali'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:1 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-283-3}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1954 |title=''Nagari Vaishali'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:2 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-284-0 |oclc=22662239}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1955 |title=''Magadhapati'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:3 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-285-7 |oclc=22662256}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1955 |title=''Mahaamatya Chanakya'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:4 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-286-4 |oclc=22662233}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1956 |title=''Chandragupta Maurya'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:5 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Prakashan |isbn= 978-93-5162-295-6 |oclc=22662226}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1958 |title=''Priyadarshi Samrat Ashok'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:8 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-289-5 |oclc=9080792}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1959 |title=''Magadhsenapati Pushyamitra'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:9 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-290-1 |oclc=22453001}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1960 |title=''Kumardevi'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:10 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Prakashan |isbn= 978-93-5162-291-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1963 |title=''Bharat Samrat Samudragupta - 1'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:11 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-292-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1964 |title=''Bharat Samrat Samudragupta - 2'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:12 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-293-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1966 |title=''Dhruvdevi'' |series=Gupta Yuga Granthavali:13 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Prakashan |isbn= 978-93-5162-294-9 |oclc=279263294}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1945 |title=''Vachinidevi'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-212-3 |oclc=38033786}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1940 |title=''Chauladevi'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-270-3 |oclc=56533987}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1942 |title=''Rajsanyasi'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-214-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1942 |title=''Karnavati'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-215-4 |oclc=7945605}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1943 |title=''Rajkanya'' |series=Chaulukya Yuga Granthavali:6 |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-275-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1945 |title=''Barbarak-jishnu Jaysinha Siddharaj'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-276-5 |oclc=28293586}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1947 |title=''Jaysinh Siddharaj: Tribhuvankhand'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Prakashan |isbn= 978-93-5162-277-2 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1948 |title=''Avantinath Jaysinha Siddharaj'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-278-9 |oclc=85479661}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1948 |title=''Gurjareshwar Kumarpal'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-279-6 |oclc=56533988}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1950 |title=''Rajarshi Kumarpal'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-280-2 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1951 |title=''Nayikadevi'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-281-9 |oclc=225497714}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2015 |orig-year=1952 |title=''Rai Karan Ghelo'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-282-6 |oclc=28293579}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1953 |title=''Ajit Bhimdev'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya }}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1957 |title=''Samrat Chandragupta'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-287-1 |oclc=22662215}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1961 |title=''Gurjarpati Moolrajdev - 1'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-210-9}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1961 |title=''Gurjarpati Moolrajdev - 2'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-211-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Dhumketu |year=2016 |orig-year=1962 |title=''Paradhin Gujarat'' |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Gurjar Granth Ratna Karyalaya |isbn= 978-93-5162-209-3 |oclc=23538240}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhumketu}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian historical novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]

Second Jayalalithaa ministry

2025-12-30T07:15:20Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|Government of Tamil Nadu, India in 2001}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Further|topic=the Jayalalithaa ministry articles|First Jayalalithaa ministry|label1=First|Third Jayalalithaa ministry|label2=Third|Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry|label3=Fourth|Fifth Jayalalithaa ministry|label4=Fifth|Sixth Jayalalithaa ministry|label5=Sixth}}
{{Infobox government cabinet|cabinet_type=Ministry|cabinet_number=11th|jurisdiction=[[Tamil Nadu ]]|flag=File:Flag of India.svg|flag_border=true|incumbent=
|image= J Jayalalithaa.jpg
|image_size=
|caption=[[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|date_formed=14 May 2001|date_dissolved=21 September 2001|government_head=[[J. Jayalalithaa]]|government_head_history=|state_head=Governor [[M. Fathima Beevi]]|members_number=|former_members_number=|total_number=|political_parties='''[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]'''|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]] |opposition_cabinet=|opposition_party='''[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]'''|opposition_leader=[[K. Anbazhagan]]|election=[[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]|last_election=|legislature_term=5 Years|budget=|advice_and_consent1=|advice_and_consent2=|incoming_formation=|outgoing_formation=|previous=[[Fourth Karunanidhi ministry]]|successor=[[First Panneerselvam ministry]]}}
After the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|General Elections]] held on 10 May 2001 the Governor appointed [[J. Jayalalithaa]] as the Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister appointed five more Members C. Ponnaiyan, [[M. Thambidurai|Dr. M. Thambi Durai]], D. Jayakumar, Ayyaru Vandayar and R. Sarojaa as ministers in the Council of Ministers on the same day. On 19 May 2001 the Governor appointed nineteen more members in the council. However, Jayalalithaa couldn't last long in office and to pave way for [[First Panneerselvam ministry]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=chief minister J Jayalalithaa resigns|first=Tamil Nadu|date=21 September 2001|title=Tamil Nadu chief minister J Jayalalithaa resigns|work=ZEENEWS|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/tamil-nadu-chief-minister-j-jayalalithaa-resigns_21325.html|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=resigns after court order|first=Jayalalithaa|date=21 September 2001|title=Jayalalithaa resigns after court order|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1555843.stm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Has Done Its Duty|first=The Law|date=21 September 2001|title=The Law Has Done Its Duty|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-law-has-done-its-duty/213201|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jayalalithaa|first=The five oaths of|date=23 May 2016|title=The five oaths of Jayalalithaa|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-five-oaths-of-jayalalithaa/article14335230.ece1|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Biography|first=Jayalalithaa Jayaram|title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography|url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html|access-date=23 May 2021|website=elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chronology of events|first=Jaya's return as CM|date=6 December 2016|title=Jaya's return as CM: Chronology of events|work=Mathrubhumi.com|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/jaya-s-return-as-cm-chronology-of-events-jayalalithaa-1.1558551|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref>

== Cabinet ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
!S.no
!Name
!Designation
!Portfolios
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]'''
|-
|1.
|[[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|[[Chief Minister]]
|
* Public
* Home
* Police
* Indian Administrative Service
* Indian Police Service
* other All India Services
* General Administration
* District Revenue Officers
* Prevention of Corruption
* Minorities Welfare
* Information Technology
|[[AIADMK]]
| width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|[[C. Ponnaiyan]]
|Minister for Finance and Law
|
* Finance
* Planning
* Legislative Assembly and Elections
* Legislation
* Law
* Courts
* Prisons
* Weights and Measures
* Debt Relief including Legislation on *money lending
* Chits
* Registration of Companies
| rowspan="32" |[[AIADMK]]
| rowspan="32" width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
|3.
|[[M. Thambidurai|Dr. M. Thambi Durai]]
|Minister for Education
|
* Education
* Technical Education
* Science and Technology
* Sports and Youth Welfare
* Archaeology
* Tamil Development and Tamil Culture
* Indians Overseas
* Refugees and Evacuees
|-
|4.
|[[D. Jayakumar]]
|Minister for Electricity
|
* Electricity
* Non-Conventional Energy Development
|-
|5.
|[[P. C. Ramasamy|P.C. Ramasamy]]
|Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
|
* Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
|-
|6.
|[[R. Vaithilingam]]
|Minister for Industries
|
* Industries
* Iron and Steel Control
* Mines and Minerals
|-
|7.
|[[S. Semmalai]]
|Minister for Health
|
* Health
* Medical Education
* Family Welfare
|-
|8.
|[[C. Durairaj]]
|Minister for Local Administration
|
* Municipal Administration
* Rural Development
* Panchayats and Panchayat Unions
* Poverty Alleviation Programmes
* Rural Indebtedness
* Urban and Rural Water Supply
|-
|9.
|[[R. Jeevanantham]]
|Minister for Agriculture
|
* Agriculture
* Agricultural Engineering
* Agro Service Co-operatives
* Horticulture
* Sugarcane Cess and Sugarcane Development
|-
|10.
|[[O. Panneerselvam]]
|Minister for Revenue
|
* Prohibition & Excise
* Molasses
* Revenue
* District Revenue Establishment
* Deputy Collectors
* Registration, Stamp Act
* Stationery & Printing
* Government Press
* Bhoodhan & Gramdhan
* Passports
|-
|11.
|[[N. Thalavaisundaram]]
|Minister for Public Works
|
* Public Works
* Highways
* Irrigation Including Minor Irrigation
|-
|12.
|[[A. Anwer Rhazza]]
|Minister for Labour
|
* Labour
* Employment and Training
* Urban and Rural Employment
* Census
* Wakfs
|-
|13.
|[[K. Pandurangan]]
|Minister for Rural Industries
|
* Rural Industries including Cottage Industries
* Small Scale Industries
* Khadi & Village Industries Board
|-
|14.
|[[S.S. Thirunavukkarasu]]
|Minister for Information & Publicity and Forests
|
* Information and Publicity
* Film Technology
* Cinematograph act
* Newsprint Control
* Forests
* Environment
* Pollution Control
|-
|15.
|[[P. Dhanabal]]
|Minister for Food and Co-operation
|
* Food
* Civil Supplies
* Consumer Protection
* Price Control
* Statistics
|-
|16.
|[[Valarmathi Jebaraj]]
|Minister for Backward Classes
|
* Backward Classes
* Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities
|-
|17.
|[[B. Valarmathi]]
|Minister for Social Welfare
|
* Social Welfare including Women’s and Children’s Welfare
* Nutritious Noon Meal
* Welfare of the Disabled
* Beggar Homes
* Orphanages and Correctional Administration
|-
|18.
|[[V. Subramanian]]
|Minister for Adi Dravidar Welfare
|
* Adi Dravidar Welfare
* Hill Tribes
* Bonded Labour
* Welfare of Ex-Servicemen
|-
|-
|19.
|[[Nainar Nagenthran]]
|Minister for Transport
|
* Transport
* Nationalised Transport
* Motor Vehicles Act
* Ports
|-
|20.
|[[K. P. Rajendra Prasad|K.P. Raajendra Prasad]]
|Minister for Fisheries and Animal Husbandry
|
* Fisheries
* Animal Husbandry
|-
|21.
|[[C. V. Shanmugam]]
|Minister for Commercial Taxes
|
* Commercial Taxes
|-
|22.
|[[S. P. Shunmuganathan|S.P. Shanmuganathan]]
|Minister for Handlooms and Textiles
|
* Handlooms and Textiles
|-
|23.
|[[A. K. Selvaraj]]
|Minister for Housing and Urban Development
|
* Housing
* Housing Development
* Town Planning
* Slum Clearance
* Accommodation Control
* Urban Development and CMDA
|-
|24.
|[[R. Saroja]]a
|Minister for Tourism
|
* Tourism
* Tourism Development Corporation
|-
|25.
|[[C. Shanmugavelu]]
|Minister for Milk and Dairy Development
|
* Milk and Dairy Development
|}
== Reshuffles==
{{empty section|date=December 2025}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Citation|last=|title=TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY(TWELFTH ASSEMBLY) REVIEW 2001-2006|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/12th_2001/Review_12_2001-2006.pdf|year=2010|location=[[Chennai]]|publisher=Secratriat of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly Secretariat]]}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministries|Jaya II]]
[[Category:2000s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2001|Jaya II]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2001|Jaya II]]

Vettom Gram Panchayat

2025-12-19T19:42:57Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|Village in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Vettom-വെട്ടം.jpg|thumb|land of light- Vettom, Tirur, Malapppuram]]
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vettom
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|52|0|N|75|54|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 10
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 37456
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 6XXXXX
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0494
| registration_plate = KL-10, KL-55
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Tirur
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 94%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Ponnani
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Tirur
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|mixed climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Vettom''' is a local body of the Kerala government and village in [[Tirur Taluk]], [[Malappuram district]], [[India]]. It is a coastal suburb of [[Tirur]] Municipality and was part of the [[Kingdom of Tanur]] (Vettathnad) in medieval times. The Vettom Gram Panchayat is surrounded by the [[Tirur River]] and the Canoli Canal.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=8 December 2008 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the 2011 India [[census]]}}, Vettom had a population of 37,456 with 17,401 males and 20,055 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vettom Village Population - Tirur - Malappuram, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627524-vettom-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==Transportation==
Vettom village connects to other parts of India through [[Tirur]] town. National highway No.66 passes through [[Tirur]] and the northern stretch connects to [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]]. The southern stretch connects to [[Cochin]] and [[Trivandrum]]. Highway No.966 goes to [[Palakkad]] and [[Coimbatore]]. The nearest airport is at [[Kozhikode Airport|Kozhikode]]. The nearest major railway station is at [[Tirur]].

==Wards of Vettom==
<mapframe text="Vettom Grama Panchayat" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q16137665"}</mapframe>
Vettom Grama Panchayat is composed of the following 20 wards:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://sec.kerala.gov.in/index.php/Content/index/lsgd
|website = sec.kerala.gov.in
|title = Wards of Vettom
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
|-
|1
|Thevarkadapuram
|2
|Paravanna East
|-
|3
|Murivazhikkal
|4
|[[Pachattiri]]
|-
|5
|Kottekadu
|6
|[[Pariyapuram]]
|-
|7
|East Arikkanchina
|8
|Kanoor
|-
|9
|Alissery
|10
|Naduvilakadavu
|-
|11
|Vettathukavu
|12
|Randathani
|-
|13
|Vettom Cheerpu
|14
|Thekkan Padiyam
|-
|15
|Vadakkan Padiyam
|16
|Vakkad West
|-
|17
|Vakkad East
|18
|Kanhirakutty
|-
|19
|Paravanna Town
|20
|Puthangadi
|}

==See also==
*[[Pachattiri]]
*[[Niramarutur]]
*[[Mangalam, Tirur|Mangalam]]
*[[Tirur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malappuram district}}

[[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in India]]
[[Category:Tirur area]]

{{Malappuram-geo-stub}}

Hosi Vasunia

2025-12-04T06:36:19Z

Manish Khouriwal: added a entry

{{Short description|Theatre actor (1939–2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1939|10|08}}
| birth_place = [[Kobe]], Japan
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2005|08|10|1939|10|08}}<ref name="11 August 2005">{{cite news |title=Obituary: Death |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2005 |page=8}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi" />
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Hosi Hormusji Vasunia''' (8 October 1939 – 10 August 2005), known popularly as '''Hosi Vasunia''', was an Indian theatre personality and film and television actor. He acted in the English theatre in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (now, Mumbai); he also appeared in Gujarati plays and in Hindi films and television. He was part of the flourishing of drama in Mumbai in the 1970s and 1980s and 1990s and continued the long tradition of [[Parsi theatre]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marfatia |first1=Meher |title=Parsis once dominated English theatre |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/NvHFfwfMT3k1bRLywixehJ/Parsis-once-dominated-English-theatre.html |website=mint |access-date=4 September 2022 |date=14 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maqsood |first1=Zofeen |title=Is Parsi Theater on the Verge of Extinction? |url=https://littleindia.com/parsi-theater-verge-extinction/ |website=Little India |access-date=4 September 2022 |date=2 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vaidyanathan |first1=P. V. |title=On stage and screen |journal=FEZANA Journal |date=Winter 2003 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=75–76. Excerpted from "The Dream Merchants", ''The Indian Express'', 29 August 2003}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Early life ===

Hosi Vasunia was the younger son of Hormusji Pirojshaw Vasunia and Amy Hormusji Vasunia (''née'' Amy Pestonji Tata).<ref>{{cite news |title=Deaths (Amy Hormusji Vasunia) |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 1962 |page=2}}</ref> His older brother was named Bomi.<ref name="11 August 2005">{{cite news |title=Obituary: Death |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2005 |page=8}}</ref>

Hosi was born in Kobe, Japan, into an Indian Parsi family long involved in trade with China and Japan.<ref name="Doctor" /> In the 1930s, the family firm had offices in Hong Kong and Canton under the name J. P. Vasunia & Co., and in Shanghai and Kobe under the name Vasunia & Co. The company handled the import and export of silk, cotton, and other commodities. Pirojshaw Jeejeebhoy Vasunia and E. F. Kavarana jointly established the Bombay office and gave it the name E. F. Kavarana & Co. Hosi Vasunia himself worked in the Bombay office of E. F. Kavarana & Co. for some years, before the family firm was disbanded.<ref name="Who's Who">The details of the family's involvement in the import & export trade given here can be found in {{cite book |editor1-last=Peters |editor1-first=Thos. |title=Who's Who in India |location=Poona |pages=295, 776–77 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.503 |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref>

=== Early career ===

Hosi Vasunia grew up in Mumbai and attended [[St. Xavier's High School, Fort|St. Xavier's School]] and [[Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics|Sydenham College]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{cite journal |last1=Gandhi |first1=Parinaz M. |title=Theater's Sunshine Boy |journal=Parsiana |date=7 January 2006}}</ref><ref name="Doctor">{{cite journal |last1=Doctor |first1=Geeta |title=Audiences want to be entertained |journal=Parsiana |date=March 1991 |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=108–110}}</ref>

Vasunia credited a Spanish Jesuit priest in his school St. Xavier's for introducing him to the theatre.<ref name="Doctor" /> An early appearance for Vasunia was in ''Princes'' (1970), a play written by [[Gieve Patel]] and directed by [[Pearl Padamsee]]. The play was reviewed as "a moving portrait of the dying fortunes of a proud Parsi family", and the cast also included Pearl Padamsee herself, Yasmin Richmond, [[Alyque Padamsee]], and Erna Vatchaghandy.<ref name="Princes" /> Vasunia's first line in that play was "Chicken, top chicken!"<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's A Dining Table |url=http://www.uppercrustindia.com/oldsite/16crust/sixteen/coverstory.html |website=Upper Crust |access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Padamsee |first1=Alyque, with Arun Prabhu |title=A Double Life: My Exciting Years in Theatre and Advertising |date=1999 |publisher=Penguin India |location=New Delhi |page=263}} Online [https://books.google.com/books?id=oWsdGDA2j8EC&q=hosi&pg=PA263 here].</ref> In 1971, Vasunia appeared in ''Cyrus the Great'' in a role (Cyrus' commander-in-chief) for which he received the first of many favourable reviews ("excellently portrayed"), in this case by the drama critic of the ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]''.<ref name="Cyrus">{{cite news |title=Cyrus the great seen as a great ruler |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 1971 |pages=5}}</ref>

The play that established Vasunia's arrival on the English stage in Bombay was ''Ah! Norman'' (adapted from [[Norman, Is That You?]] by [[Ron Clark (writer)|Ron Clark]] and [[Sam Bobrick]]). Sam Kerawala, who later became a close friend and frequent collaborator, recommended Vasunia to the director [[Adi Pherozeshah Marzban|Adi Marzban]] after recalling Vasunia's performance in a play from his Sydenham College days. Marzban cast him in ''Ah! Norman'', and Vasunia's career was launched.<ref name="Gandhi" /> ''Ah! Norman'' enjoyed a great success (over 100 performances) and was revived several times.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baradi |first1=Hasmukh |editor1-last=Lal |editor1-first=Ananda |title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |page=563}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Patel |first1=Burjor |title=Bombay's King of Laughter |work=The Times of India |date=2 March 1987 |pages=17}}</ref> That play, first performed in Mumbai in 1972, is "credited with having created a new theatre-going audience in the city".<ref>{{cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Shanta |editor-last=Mehrotra |editor-first=Arvind Krishna | title=A History of Indian Literature in English |date=2003 |publisher=Hurst and Company |location=London |page=347 |chapter=The Dramatists |isbn=9781850656807 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKlgMkWM-WgC&dq=%22Ah+Norman%22+bombay&pg=PA347 |access-date=13 September 2022}}</ref> Marzban was an early mentor for Vasunia, who appeared under his direction in several plays. Some years after Vasunia's death, he and Marzban were both remembered in the [[Hindustan Times]] as "two iconic Mumbai directors".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aasheesh |title=The irresistible love for adult comedies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-irresistible-love-for-adult-comedies/story-iExZFJHW4uVxbszXB2vycJ.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=The Hindustan Times |date=13 July 2014}}</ref>

Vasunia appeared in ''Loot'', by [[Joe Orton]], in 1971.<ref name="Loot" /> The play was revived, in 1984, with the film actor [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] acting alongside Vasunia.<ref name="Loot II">{{cite news |title=Enterntainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=24 October 1984 |page=2}}</ref> The play returned to the Mumbai stage, a decade and more later, after the deaths of Amjad and Hosi, in a bilingual English and Hindi version.<ref name="Loot III">Chakrabarti, Sujata (29 June 2010, updated 21 November 2013). [https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-loot-returns-to-mumbai-1402786 'Loot' returns to Mumbai], ''DNA India''. Retrieved 18 September 2022.</ref> [[Imtiaz Khan]], Amjad's brother, remained the director across the different versions of the play.<ref name="Loot" /><ref name="Loot II" /><ref name="Loot III" />

=== Subsequent career and production company ===

Vasunia appeared regularly with Ruby Patel in a string of plays in the 1970s and 1980s. According to the director [[Vivek Vaswani]], they acted together in "15 consecutive hits".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Phulan |first1=Vikram |title=Ruby Patel, first lady of the Parsi Gujarati stage |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/ruby-patel-first-lady-of-the-parsi-gujarati-stage/article31613670.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=8 September 2022 |date=18 May 2020}}</ref> Vasunia also collaborated with Burjor Patel, Ruby's husband, and they together co-produced a number of successful plays under the banner "Hosi Vasunia Productions". Their first play was ''Don't Drink the Water'', which was staged in 1979 and based on a script by [[Woody Allen]]; the production was directed by Pearl Padamsee.<ref name="Patel 2014">{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Burjor |title=Runaway hits, fragile egos: Highs and lows in artiste's life |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-runaway-hits-fragile-egos-highs-and-lows-in-artiste-s-life-1979846 |publisher=DNA India |access-date=8 September 2022 |date=19 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Burjor |title=Setting a trend of weekend English theatre in Bombay |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-setting-a-trend-of-weekend-english-theatre-in-bombay-1975292 |website=DNA India |access-date=18 September 2022 |date=5 April 2014}}</ref>

Although Vasunia was famous for comedy, he was responsible for "serious" theatre including such plays as ''All the King's Men'' (in which he was directed by Alyque Padamsee), ''Whose Life Is It Anyway?'', ''Mass Appeal'', ''Saint Joan'', and ''Agnes of God''.<ref>Detailed citations for these plays appear under the section [[#Stage|§Stage]] on this page, below.</ref>

One of Vasunia's last roles was opposite [[Sabira Merchant]] in ''The Rummy Game''. The play, directed by Kerawala, was adapted by [[Bachi Karkaria]] from D. L. Coburn's [[The Gin Game|Gin Game]] and was staged in Dubai, London, Antwerp, Düsseldorf, Paris, Chicago, and New York as well as numerous cities in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karkaria |first1=Bachi |title=When the curtain calls |work=The Times of India |date=14 August 2005 |pages=18}} [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/when-the-curtain-calls/articleshow/1200258.cms Archived] from the original in August 2005. Retrieved on 17 September 2022.</ref> The play was revived in 2010 as ''The Game'', with Alyque Padamsee in Vasunia's role.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Talati-Parikh |first1=Sitanshi |title=Of Age and Time |url=https://sitanshi.com/2010/08/27/of-age-and-time/ |website=sitanshi talati-parikh |access-date=18 September 2022 |language=en |date=27 August 2010}} Also published in ''Verve'' magazine, Nerve, August 2010.</ref>

=== Film and other work ===

Vasunia appeared in only a handful of films and preferred the theatre to film. According to [[Bhawana Somaaya]], the editor of [[Screen (magazine)|Screen]], "[[Yash Chopra]] had offered him roles in his various films but he didn’t take them up."<ref name="Anand 2005">{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=Swati |title=Ain't no sunshine when he's gone: Actor Hosi Vasunia dead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/aint-no-sunshine-when-hes-gone-actor-hosi-vasunia-dead/ |work=The Indian Express |date=11 August 2005}} Retrieved 12 September 2022.</ref>

In 1989, Vasunia and [[Ronnie Screwvala]] founded the Dynasty [[Culture Club]], which offered a range of entertainment such as theatre, cinema, music, and dance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revue |work=The Times of India |date=18 February 1989 |page=A8}}</ref> The Club put on regular events for members, who were charged an annual subscription. Vasunia, however, left the venture after some two years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torquato |first1=Ronita |title=Culture on subscription |work=The Times of India |date=4 July 1992 |page=A2}}</ref> Screwvala also acted alongside Vasunia in several plays and spoke later of Vasunia's "good and tough and resilient side... Whatever the adversity there was always a smile on his face... He had the ability to constantly motivate people".<ref name="Gandhi" />

Vasunia was closely associated for many years with the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts (N.C.P.A.)]] in Mumbai. He was a consultant to the organization, and many of his plays were staged in its theatres.<ref name="Gandhi" />

Vasunia was also a consultant to the [[Indian Express Limited|Indian Express]] group and the producer of its annual [[Screen Awards]] for excellence in Indian cinema.<ref name="Anand 2005" /><ref name="Somaaya">{{cite news |last1=Somaaya |first1=Bhawana |title=He was special and he knew it |date=14 August 2005}} www.expressindia.com. [https://archive.org/details/he-was-special-and-he-knew-it Archived] from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved on 16 September 2022</ref>

== Reviews ==

Of his role in ''Never Too Late'' (1977), the drama critic of the [[The Times of India|Times of India]] wrote, "Hosi Vasunia is dominant as usual . . . A great performance. Don't underrate his talent: despite his sustained tempo and voice power, he is a master of modulation, a thespian of genuine artistic merit, a man with a look that can freeze you or make you roar."<ref name="Never" /> In following year, the paper's drama critic, reviewing ''Cactus Flower'', said Vasunia was "now the tallest giant of the English stage", and added, "You can't beat this guy at verbal pratfalls, double-takes, a voice with a marvellous range and tone, an utterly mobile face which conveys a thousand expressions (not all at once)."<ref name="Cactus" /> Vasunia was said to be "particularly stylish and impressive" in [[Deathtrap (play)|Deathtrap]].<ref name="Deathtrap" /> The reviewer of [[Tribute (play)|Tribute]], in 1989, said that the play "should not be missed, especially for Vasunia's exuberant performance as Scottie Templeton".<ref name="Exuberant performance by Vasunia"/> Vasunia's flair and style were regularly regarded as distinctive and memorable. A reviewer of his female impersonation in [[Charley's Aunt]] said that Vasunia "strikes a delicious balance between high camp and inspired comic restraint". The review added that while there were "unintentional lapses into his own familiar stage persona", the role was nonetheless "one of his best achievements".<ref name="Charley" />

Sabira Merchant, a fellow actor and close friend, said that he had the "perfect timing" for comedy.<ref name="Merchant">{{cite news |last1=Merchant |first1=Sabira |title=Death of a Theatreman |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2005 |pages=5}}</ref> In 2001, Merchant and Vasunia were themselves described, by [[Deepa Gahlot]], as "two of the finest talents on the city's English stage".<ref name="Gahlot">{{cite news |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |title=The Rummy Game – theatre at its best |work=The Times of India |date=15 November 2001 |pages=A5}} Also [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/the-rummy-game-theatre-at-its-best/articleshow/2060217684.cms archived] online. Retrieved on 16 September 2022.</ref>

== Legacy and awards ==

Vasunia was the recipient of numerous tributes on his death. The [[The Afternoon Despatch & Courier|Afternoon]] newspaper described him as "an amazing director, producer, and an impresario".<ref name="condolence" /> The actor and director, Feroz Khan, said, "Hosi was one of the finest actors in English theatre and his absence is going to be a huge loss to us. He was a friend, a colleague and more than anything he was the most charming and dependable person in the fraternity. We have lost a gentleman."<ref>{{cite news |title=Ho-Ho Hosi! | date=12 August 2005}} Formerly at cybernoon.com, the official website of ''The Afternoon Despatch & Courier''. [https://archive.org/details/ho-ho-hosi Archived] from the original. Retrieved on 16 September 2022.</ref> Vaswani said, "My comedy career started because Hosi agreed to direct the first play I produced. . . He was genuinely the nicest person in English theatre in Mumbai."<ref name="Sunshine Boy">{{cite news |title=Sunshine Boy |work=The Times of India |date=13 August 2005 |pages=A2}}</ref> Farid Currim remembered him as "one of the most unselfish actors on Mumbai's English theatre circuit" and recalled "the way he'd drive the audience crazy in terms of laughter".<ref name="Sunshine Boy"/> The actor [[Shernaz Patel]] said, "I grew up watching Vasunia on stage. I remember he would walk on the stage and the audience would start applauding."<ref name="Anand 2005" />

At a memorial for Vasunia, held at the N.C.P.A. on 23 August 2005, many of his old colleagues and friends recalled his achievements and character.<ref name="condolence">{{cite news |title=Hosi Vasunia's condolence meeting held at NCPA |date=24 August 2005}} Formerly at cybernoon.com, the official website of ''The Afternoon Despatch & Courier''. [https://archive.org/details/hosi-vasunia-condolence Archived] from the original. Retrieved on 22 September 2022.</ref> Alyque Padamsee spoke about his "''joie de vivre'', intensity and charisma", while [[Cyrus Broacha]], who was given a career break by Vasunia in the play ''Brighton Beach Memoirs'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brijnath |first1=Rohit |title=Cyrus Broacha: Meet the MTV veejay with the coolest show in town |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19970811-cyrus-broacha-meet-the-mtv-veejay-with-the-coolest-show-in-town-831866-1997-08-11 |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=India Today |date=11 August 1997}}</ref> said that "he learned to embrace theatre as a community from his mentor".<ref name="Gandhi" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Stage artistes take a bow for Sunshine Boy of theatre |date=25 August 2005}} Formerly at www.expressindia.com. [https://archive.org/details/stage-artistes-take-a-bow-for-sunshine-boy-of-theatre Archived] from the original. Retrieved on 16 September 2022.</ref> In another appreciation, Somaaya said, "He was special and he knew it. That is why he never played it safe. He always expressed what he felt, without mincing words."<ref name="Somaaya" />

He was presented the Lifetime Achievement Award by the theatre group Thespo posthumously, in December 2005, for "his dedication to the theatre as an actor and producer".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Evolution of Thespo: 1999–2008 |url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/Articles/08/dec/02_ten_years.asp |website=Mumbai theatre guide |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

==Stage==

=== Actor ===
*Princes<ref>{{cite news |title=Classified Ads |work=The Times of India |date=8 April 1970 |pages=5}}</ref><ref name="Princes">{{cite news |title="Princes" a moving perceptive play |work=The Times of India |date=24 April 1970 |page=6}}</ref>
*Cyrus the Great<ref name="Cyrus"/>
*Ah! Norman
*Loot<ref name="Loot">{{cite news |title=Deadpan humour makes "Loot" an entertainer |work=The Times of India |date=12 November 1971 |pages=5}}</ref>
*Move Over Mrs<ref>{{cite news |title=Classified Ad |work=The Times of India |date=24 September 1973 |pages=2}}</ref>
*The Subject Was Roses<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment (Dance, Drama, Music) |work=The Times of India |date=29 March 1974 |pages=2}}</ref>
*My Darling Daughter<ref>{{cite news |title=Darling, Adi has done it again! |work=The Times of India |date=10 January 1977 |page=6}}</ref>
*Never Too Late<ref name="Never">{{cite news |title='Never Too Late' provides gorgeous fun |work=The Times of India |date=24 October 1977 |page=4}}</ref>
*Cactus Flower<ref name="Cactus">{{cite news |title=Near-professional production of "Cactus Flower" |work=The Times of India |date=12 December 1978 |page=4}}</ref>
*Don't Drink the Water<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=M. V. |title=Hilarity unlimited: Woody Allen play |work=The Times of India |date=10 September 1979 |pages=4}}</ref>
*Deathtrap<ref name="Deathtrap">{{cite news |title="Deathtrap" intriguing entertainment |work=The Times of India |date=20 January 1980 |pages=4}}</ref>
*A Flea in Her Ear<ref>{{cite news |last1=de Noronha |first1=Leslie |title=A Flea In Her Ear: Drama Review |work=The Times of India |date=25 June 1981 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="Patel 2014"/>
*Prisoner of Second Avenue<ref name="POSA Red Hot">{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=9 December 1981 |page=4}}</ref>
*Red Hot Lover of Bombay<ref name="POSA Red Hot" />
*A Thousand Clowns<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=23 January 1982 |page=4}}</ref>
*All the King's Men<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=5 February 1984 |page=4}}</ref>
*Mass Appeal<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=11 July 1986 |page=2}}</ref>
*Whose Life Is It Anyway?<ref name="June 1982">{{cite news |title=Entertainment |work=The Times of India |date=23 June 1982 |page=6}}</ref><ref name="Patel 2014" />
*Mary Mary<ref name="November 1983">{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=21 November 1983 |page=2}}</ref><ref name="That's Entertainment: Dance, Drama">{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=14 December 1983 |page=6}}</ref>
*Saint Joan<ref name="Honest attempt to recreate a legend">{{cite news |last1=Gangadhar |first1=V. |title=Honest attempt to recreate a legend |work=The Times of India |date=26 December 1983 |page=3}}</ref>
*Caught on the Hop<ref name="Hop">{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=11 April 1985 |page=2}}</ref>
*Are You Lonesome Tonight?<ref name="That's Entertainment: Theatre">{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=31 October 1986 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=M. |title=Musicals take over English language theatre in Bombay |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19870228-musicals-take-over-english-language-theatre-in-bombay-798568-1987-02-28 |website=India Today |access-date=13 September 2022 |date=28 February 1987}}</ref>
*Lend Me a Tenor<ref name="Tenor Biloxi">{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=30 September 1987 |page=6}}</ref>
*Biloxi Blues<ref name="Tenor Biloxi" />
*Tribute<ref name="Exuberant performance by Vasunia">{{cite news |last1=Kapoor |first1=Nanhee |title=Exuberant performance by Vasunia |work=The Times of India |date=30 July 1989 |pages=17}}</ref>
*Charley's Aunt<ref name="Charley">{{cite news |last1=Merchant |first1=Jiten |title=Conventional, clean and funny |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 1990 |page=17}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 1990 |page=9}}</ref>
*Tribute to Busybee<ref>{{cite news |title=By a humorist, on a humorist |work=The Times of India |date=8 April 1991 |page=8}}</ref>
*Power Play<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Partap |title=The Crowning Game |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 1991 |page=A6}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Merchant |first1=Jiten S. |title=Laboured schizophrenia |work=The Times of India |date=28 June 1991 |page=8}}</ref>
*Anything Goes<ref name="Theatre">{{cite news |title=Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=24 January 1992 |pages=10}}</ref>
*Tempt Me Not (based on [[Vasant Sabnis]]' ''Vichcha Majhi Puri Kara'', विच्छा माझी पुरी करा)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merchant |first1=Jiten S. |title=True to the spirit of folk tradition |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 1993 |page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Natarang Pratishthan Brochure Catalogue |url=https://natarang.org/catalogue-search.php?keywords=vasunia&dd=0 |website=Natarang Pratishthan |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref>
*It Runs in the Family<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite news |title=Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=26 November 1993 |pages=10}}</ref>
*Can't Pay Won't Pay<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merchant |first1=Jiten S. |title=Wit and vitriol |work=The Times of India |date=23 February 1995 |page=10}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite news |title=Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 1995 |pages=28}}</ref>
*The Verdict<ref name="Who we are">{{cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://www.balancingactproductions.com/who_we_are |website=Balancing Act Productions |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref>
*Don't Dress for Dinner<ref name="Event Index">{{cite web |title=Event Index |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/event-index/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=5 September 2022 |date=8 May 1997}}</ref>
*Begum Sumroo<ref>{{cite web |title=Nautch girl's bent of mind |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/nautch-girls-bent-of-mind/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=5 September 2022 |date=19 June 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Nandita |title=Begum Sumroo promises to be a play for all seasons |journal=India Today |date=4 August 1997 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19970804-begum-sumroo-promises-to-be-a-play-for-all-seasons-831855-1997-08-04 |access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>
*The French Cuckoo (based on ''An Absolute Turkey'', an English version of [[Georges Feydeau|George Feydeau's]] ''[[Le Dindon]]'')(actor, producer, director)<ref name="A flirtatious farce">{{cite web |last1=Assomull |first1=Sujata |title=A flirtatious farce |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/a-flirtatious-farce/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=5 September 2022 |date=15 July 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=7 August 1998 |page=A7}}</ref>
*Barefoot in Mumbai (actor and director)<ref name="Casting a spell">{{cite web |last1=Kalra |first1=Nonita |title=Casting a spell |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/casting-a-spell-4/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=5 September 2022 |date=14 July 1999}}</ref>
*Funny Thing Called Love (based on [[Vasant Shankar Kanetkar|Vasant Kanetkar's]] ''Prema, Tujha Rang Kasa?'', प्रेमा, तुझा रंग कसा?)<ref>{{cite news |title=ie |work=The Times of India |date=21 October 2001 |pages=A10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |title=Playwrights galore |work=The Times of India |date=27 October 2005 |page=A7}}</ref>
*Once I Was Young . . . Now I'm Wonderful<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal presents an evening of laughs in Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20010723-mahabanoo-mody-kotwal-presents-an-evening-of-laughs-in-delhi-773874-2001-07-23 |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=India Today |date=23 July 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shedde |first1=Meenakshi |title=We have a better time after 40 than people half our age |work=The Times of India |date=11 March 2001 |page=5}}</ref>
*The Graduate<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |title=Play on, Mumbai |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2004 |page=A11}}</ref>
*The Rummy Game<ref name="Gahlot"/><ref name="Merchant"/>
*The Sunshine Boys<ref name="Sunshine">''The Times of India'', 10 June 2005, p. A9, and 1 July 2005, p. A8.</ref>

=== Producer ===
Hosi Vasunia was the producer or co-producer of the following plays.

*Don't Drink the Water<ref name="The Times of India"/>
*Deathtrap<ref name="Deathtrap"/>
*A Flea in Her Ear<ref name="Patel 2014" />
*Prisoner of Second Avenue<ref name="POSA Red Hot" />
*Red Hot Lover of Bombay<ref name="POSA Red Hot" />
*All the King's Men<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=6 February 1984 |page=2}}</ref>
*Mass Appeal
*Whose Life Is It Anyway?<ref name="June 1982" /><ref name="Patel 2014" />
*Mary Mary<ref name="November 1983" /><ref name="That's Entertainment: Dance, Drama"/>
*Saint Joan<ref name="Honest attempt to recreate a legend"/>
*Caught on the Hop<ref name="Hop" />
*Agnes of God<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gangadhar |first1=V. |title=Slick performance enlivens 'Agnes . . .' |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 1986 |pages=5}}</ref>
*Cats<ref>{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 1986 |page=3}}</ref>
*Are You Lonesome Tonight?<ref name="That's Entertainment: Theatre"/><ref name="indiatoday.in"/>
*Lend Me a Tenor<ref name="Tenor Biloxi" />
*As You Love It (scenes from Shakespeare)<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 1988 |page=6}}</ref>
*Tribute<ref name="Exuberant performance by Vasunia"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 1989 |page=18}}</ref>
*Last Tango in Heaven<ref>{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=9 June 1989 |page=17}}</ref>
*Charley's Aunt<ref name="Charley" /><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Love Letters<ref>{{cite news |title=Classified Ad |work=The Times of India |date=27 September 1991 |pages=11}}</ref>
*Power Play<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment |work=The Times of India |date=12 June 1991 |pages=18}}</ref>
*Anything Goes<ref name="Theatre"/>
*Run For Your Wife<ref>{{cite news |title=Classified Ad |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 1992 |pages=6}}</ref>
*The Happy Prince<ref>{{cite news |title=For the Children, By the Children |work=The Times of India |date=5 December 1992 |pages=A3}}</ref>
*Death and the Maiden<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 1993 |page=22}}</ref>
*It Runs in the Family<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
*Can't Pay Won't Pay<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*The Verdict<ref name="Who we are"/>
*The Sound of Music<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marfatia |first1=Meher |title='Handling any classic is a challenge' |work=The Times of India |date=16 July 1995 |page=11}}</ref>
*Steel Magnolias<ref>{{cite news |title=Must see, Must do: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=17 November 1995 |page=A8}}</ref>
*My Fair Lady<ref>{{cite news |title=Curtain rises (advertisement) |work=The Times of India |date=24 August 1996 |page=7}}</ref>
*Don't Dress for Dinner<ref name="Event Index"/>
*Blithe Spirit<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zaveri |first1=Saloni |title=Daring to CARE |work=The Times of India |date=20 November 1997 |page=A6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pick of the week |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/pick-week-8/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=5 September 2022 |date=26 November 1997}}</ref>
*The French Cuckoo<ref name="A flirtatious farce"/>
*Art<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitter |first1=Swapna |title=Loved that scene, now pass the ravioli |work=The Times of India |date=28 January 1998 |page=A1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Must see, Must do |work=The Times of India |date=27 February 1998 |page=A7}}</ref>
*Trip the Light Fantastic!<ref>{{cite web |title=Hosi Vasunia Productions' Trip the Light, Fantastic! |url=https://poonamusic.com/events/hosi-vasunia-productions-trip-the-light-fantastic/ |website=The Poona Music Society |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>
*The Rummy Game<ref name="Gahlot" /><ref name="Merchant" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment |work=The Times of India |date=9 November 2001 |page=A14}}</ref>
*The Sunshine Boys<ref name="Sunshine" />

=== Director ===
*A Thousand Clowns<ref>{{cite news |title=That's Entertainment: Theatre |work=The Times of India |date=19 February 1982 |page=4}}</ref>
*Caught on the Hop<ref name="Hop" />
*Are You Lonesome Tonight?<ref>{{cite news |title=Entertainment: Dance, Drama, Music |work=The Times of India |date=18 November 1986 |page=4}}</ref>
*The French Cuckoo<ref name="A flirtatious farce"/>
*Barefoot in Mumbai<ref name="Casting a spell"/>

==Filmography==
*[[Hero Hiralal|Hero Hiralal (1988)]]
*[[Gawaahi|Gawaahi (1989)]]
*[[Percy (1989 film)|Percy (1989)]]

==Television==
*[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
[[India Today]] magazine, https://www.indiatoday.in/.

''[[The Indian Express]]'', https://indianexpress.com/

[[Parsiana]] magazine. The publication is archived at https://www.parsiana.com/ (subscription required).

''[[The Times of India]]'', https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/. The digital archive may be consulted at [[ProQuest]] Historical Newspapers (subscription required).

Gokhale, Shanta, "The Dramatists", in A. K. Mehrotra (ed.), ''A History of Indian Literature in English''. London: Hurst and Company, 2003.

Lal, Ananda (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004.

==External links==
* Hosi Vasunia at [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1111189/ IMDB]

[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Gujarati theatre]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]

Taltola Assembly constituency

2025-11-03T19:49:32Z

Manish Khouriwal: basic improved section for clarity also and fixed typos

{{Short description|Former West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Taltola
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North West]]
| constituency_no = 154
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 2011
}}
'''Taltola''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It was reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], Taltola Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006|access-date = 15 November 2010 |work = West Bengal|publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

It was part of [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreportsLS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 November 2010| work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Taltola||Moulavi Shamsul Haque||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 177 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||||Dhirendra Nath Dhar||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 143|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||||Karam Hossain||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 126|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||||Karam Hossain||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969||||[[Abul Hassan (born 1917)|Abul Hassan]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1971||||Abdur Rauf Ansari||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972||||Abdur Rauf Ansari||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1977||||Sumanta Kumar Hira ||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1982||||Sumanta Kumar Hira||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1987||||Sumanta Kumar Hira||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991||||Debesh Das||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996||||Tapati Saha||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||||Debesh Das||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||||Debesh Das||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|}

==Results==
===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> and 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> state assembly elections, Debesh Das of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 154 Taltola assembly constituency (SC) defeating his nearest rivals Sumanta Kumar Hira and Dilip Kumar Das, both of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Tapati Saha of CPI(M) won it in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> defeating Sambhunath Kow of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Debesh Das of CPI(M) defeated Utpal Shaw of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Sumanta Kumar Hira of CPI(M) defeated Utpal Shaw of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> and Ardhendu Sekhar Naskar of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> and 1977<ref name=vidhansabha1977/> respectively.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp154.htm |title =154 - Taltola (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 November 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
In 1972 and prior to it the Taltala seat was an open seat. It was won by Abdur Rauf Ansari of Congress in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> He defeated [[Abul Hassan (born 1917)|Abul Hassan]] of CPI(M) in both the years. Abul Hassan of CPI(M) won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> defeating Karam Hossain of Congress. Karam Hossain of Congress won in 1967<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> defeating Abul Hassan of CPI(M) and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> Dhirendra Nath Dhar of CPI. Dhirendranath Dhar of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> defeating Naresh Nath Mukherjee of Congress. Moulavi Shamsul Haque of Congress won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first general election in 1951]] defeating [[Hirendra Nath Mukherjee]] of CPI.<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{Coord|22.553|N|88.361|E|display=title|format=dms}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Arts of Assam

2025-10-23T10:41:50Z

Manish Khouriwal: Started Entry - done

[[File:Kamakhya temple (47).jpg|thumb|Medieval Assam stone sculpture]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

The '''fine arts of [[Assam]]''' has an extremely rich tradition.
==Sculpture and architecture==
[[File:Stone carvings of Siva (left) and Shakti (right) at Deopahar, Golaghat.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Deopahar]]
[[File:Vishnudol joysagar.jpg|thumb|Late Medieval century [[Joy dol]] based on [[Nilachal architecture]]]]
The archaic [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] [[Stupa|stupas]] discovered in and around [[Goalpara district]] are believed to be the earliest examples (c. 300B.C. to c. 100A.D.) of ancient art and architectural works. The monumental architectural remains discovered in Doporboteeya (Daparvatiya) archaeological site along with a beautiful doorframe in Tezpur are identified as the best examples of art works in ancient Assam with influence of [[Sarnath]] School of Art of the late [[Gupta Empire]] period. Gupta influence was prominent due to intense interaction of the then [[Kamarupa]] with the kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. Many other sites also exhibit development of local art forms with local motifs and sometimes with similarities with those in the [[Southeast Asia]]. There are currently more than forty discovered ancient archaeological sites across Assam with numerous sculptural and architectural remains. Moreover, there are examples of several Late-Middle Age art and architectural works including hundreds of sculptures and motifs along with many remaining temples, palaces and other buildings. The motifs available on the walls of the buildings such as [[Rang Ghar]], Joydoul, etc. are remarkable examples of art works.

==Paintings (an ancient tradition of Assam)==
{{Main|Painting of Assam}}
[[File:Traditional painting, Assam.JPG|thumb|Traditional painting, Assam]]
Painting is an ancient tradition of Assam. The ancient practices can be known from the accounts of the Chinese traveller [[Xuanzang]] (7th century CE). The account mentions that Bhaskaravarma, the king of [[Kamarupa]] has gifted several items to Harshavardhana, the king of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] including paintings and painted objects, some of which were on [[Assam silk|Assamese silk]]. Many of the manuscripts available from the Middle Ages bear excellent examples of traditional paintings. The most famous of such medieval works are available in the [[Hastividyarnava]] (A Treatise on Elephants), the [[Chitra Bhagawata]] and in the [[Gita Govinda]]. The medieval painters used locally manufactured painting materials such as the colours of [[hangool and haital]]. The medieval [[Assamese literature]] also refers to chitrakars and patuas. Traditional Assamese paintings have been influenced by the motifs and designs in the medieval works such as the Chitra Bhagawata.

There are several renowned contemporary painters in Assam. The [[Guwahati Art College]] in [[Guwahati]] is one of the government institution for tertiary education. The Department of Visual Arts Assam University (Central University) is one of the only department of North East India which along with the specialization programme in Applied Arts, Graphics, and Paintings have PhD programme in Visual Arts. Moreover, there are several art-societies and non-government initiatives across the state and the [[Gauhati Artists' Guild|Guwahati Artists' Guild]] is a front-runner organisation based in Guwahati.

==Ceramics==

The Kumar and Hira communities of Assam have a tradition of Assamese pottery-making.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Devi |first=Dr Lakshmi |date=2022-05-01 |title=Traditional Pottery in Assam and its Role in Assamese Socio-cultural Life |url=https://www.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/4135 |journal=Journal of Positive School Psychology |language=en |pages=4504–4507 |issn=2717-7564}}</ref>

== Textiles ==
The [[Mising people]], one of the larger indigenous groups in Assam, have a rich history of textile production. Designs in this tradition are often based on religious text and motifs from nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hani |first=Umme |last2=Das |first2=Amarendra Kumar |date=2018-03-18 |title=Traditional Textile motifs of Assam as symbol of Visual identity |url=https://conferences.eagora.org/index.php/imagen/CV2018/paper/view/5410 |journal=[2018] Congreso Internacional de Cultura Visual |language=en |access-date=15 September 2022 |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915145405/https://conferences.eagora.org/index.php/imagen/CV2018/paper/view/5410 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{India-culture-stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fine Arts Of Assam}}
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Indian art by state or union territory|Assam]]

Vikram Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)

2025-10-08T14:31:20Z

Manish Khouriwal: New first bio nd citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{About other people|the Madhya Pradesh politician|Vikram Singh|Vikram Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Vikram Singh}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Rampur-Baghelan Assembly constituency|Rampur-Baghelan]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Harsh Singh (politician)|Harsh Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Vikram Singh''' (born 1981)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Vikram Singh (Vicky) (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)):Constituency- Rampur-Baghelan (Satna) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=394 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He is a two time elected member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Rampur-Baghelan Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rampur-Baghelan Constituency Election Results 2023: Rampur-Baghelan Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/rampur-baghelan |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Rampur Baghelan]], [[Satna district|Satna District]], Madhya Pradesh. He is the son of former four time MLA [[Harsh Singh (politician)|Harsh Singh]]. He completed his graduation in commerce in 2003 at Khalsa College, which is affiliated with [[Delhi University]].<ref name=":2" />

==Career==
Singh won the [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] on [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket and defeated his closest rival, Ramlakhan Singh, of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], by a margin of 15,687 votes. He polled a total of 68,816 votes while Ramlakhan Singh received 53,129 votes. The [[Indian National Congress]] candidate, Ramshankar Payasi, came third polling 42,501 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rampur Baghelan, Election Result 2023 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2023 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/madhya-pradesh/rampur-baghelan-assembly-constituency-s12aed2008a067/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rampur Baghelan Madhya Pradesh Assembly Constituency Election 2023: Date of Result, Voting, Counting; Candidates |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/rampurbaghelan-madhya-pradesh-constituency-election-2023-candidates-list-election-voting-election-result-date-winner-runner-up-details/3282156/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

He retained the seat winning the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] again on the BJP ticket and defeated INC candidate Ramshankar Payasi by an increased margin of 22,581 votes, after receiving 85,287 votes. Payasi secured just 62,706 votes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rampur Baghelan Election Result 2023 Live Updates: BJP Won In This Seat Of MP |url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-election/rampur-baghelan-election-result-2023-live-updates-counting-of-votes-mp-assembly-elections-bjp-congress-candidate-2#read-more |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rampur Baghelan assembly election results 2023: Rampur Baghelan Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/rampur-baghelan-assembly-result-12067 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Vikram}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Baddega I

2025-10-07T17:43:04Z

Manish Khouriwal: Started New Entry - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
'''Baddega''' (r. c. 850–895 CE), who assumed the title '''''Solada-gaṇḍa''''', was an Indian ruler from the [[Chalukyas of Vemulavada|Vemulavada Chalukya]] dynasty. He was a vassal of the [[Rashtrakuta]] Emperor [[Krishna II]], and participated in Krishna's unsuccessful invasions of the [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi Chalukya]] kingdom.
{{Chalukyas of Vemulavada}}
== Reign ==

Baddega was a son of his predecessor Yuddhamalla II, and served as a vassal of the [[Rashtrakuta]] Emperor [[Krishna II]]. He is said to have fought 42 battles, and acquired the title ''Solada-gaṇḍa'' ("the unvanquished hero").{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=21}}

The Vemulavada Chalukyas were old rivals of the [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi Chalukya]]s, and had participated in Rashtrakuta campaigns against them. The Vengi Chalukya ruler Gunaga Vijayaditya III inflicted a humiliating defeat on Krishna.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=21}} According to the Vengi Chalukya inscriptions, Vijayaditya captured Baddega, and offered him protection.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1986|p=22}}

After Vijayaditya's death in 892, the succession of the next king Bhima I was contested by some rebels. Taking advantage of this, Krishna invaded Vengi once again, and captured the frontier region administered by the Ranamardadaka family. However, he was forced to retreat by the Vengi general Kusuma-yudha. This is attested by the Kuravi (or Koravi) inscription of Kusuma-yudha's subordinate Peddana.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=22}} Krishna appears to have launched another invasion of Vengi, as attested by Bhima's Vedataluru grant inscription.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=22}} This time, the Rashtrakuta army led by [[Gunda III|Gundyana]] penetrated deeper into the Vengi Chalukya kingdom, before being forced to retreat.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=23}}

Baddega appears to have participated in both of Krishna's campaigns against Bhima.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=23}} According to his family's [[Parbhani]] inscription and the court poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]], he captured Bhima as if "he seized a crocodile in water."{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=21}} The simile suggests that Baddega captured Bhima in his natural environment, that is, within the Vengi kingdom, possibly in the capital.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=23}} Therefore, this event probably happened during the second Rashtrakuta invasion of Vengi, when the invaders penetrated deeper into the kingdom.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=23-24}} Bhima appears to have escaped the captivity in a short time, and continued to rule Vengi.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=24}} His son Iramarti Ganda defeated the Rashtrakuta forces at Peruvanguru and Niravadyapura. Both Iramarti and the Rashtrakuta general Gundyana were killed in this war.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=23}}

Nothing is known about Bhima's other military achievements. He appears to have died around 895, and was succeeded by his son Yuddhamalla III.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=24}}

== Cultural contributions ==

An inscription of Baddega's descendant Arisimha II mentions the Baddegeshvara ("[[Ishvara]] of Baddega") temple; the name suggests that it was built by Baddega.{{sfn|Jaisetty Ramanaiah|1989|p=4}} This temple is identified with the modern Bheemeshvara temple at [[Vemulawada, Karimnagar district|Vemulavada]].{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=416}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Jaisetty Ramanaiah |title=Temples of South India: A Study of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Monuments of the Deccan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztjVAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Concept |isbn=978-81-7022-223-1 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kolluru Suryanarayana |title=History of the Minor Chāḷukya Families in Medieval Āndhradēśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f6seAAAAMAAJ |year=1986 |publisher=B.R. Publishing |isbn=978-81-7018-330-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=N Venkataramanayya |title=The Chālukyas of L(V)ēmulavāḍa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8k7_1PaFCsCx |publisher=Archaeological Department, Government of Hyderabad |year=1953 |oclc=958874923 }}
* {{cite book |author=Madhusudan A. Dhaky |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture |volume=1 - Part 3: South India - Upper Dravidadesa, Later phase A.D. 973- 1326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1GzJRNhnnsC |year=1996 |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies |isbn=978-81-86526-00-2 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:Chalukya kings of Vemulavada]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]]

Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency

2025-09-30T15:23:16Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kanakapura
|map_image =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2009
| reservation = None
}}
'''Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency''' was a former [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Karnataka]] state in southern [[India]]. It included eight Assembly constituencies, namely [[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakapura]], [[Ramanagaram]], [[Channapatna]], [[Magadi]], [[Sathanur Assembly constituency|Sathanur]], [[Uttarahalli]], [[Malavalli]] and [[Anekal]]. Out of them, [[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakapura]], [[Ramanagaram]], [[Channapatna]], [[Magadi]] and [[Anekal]] assembly segments were retained in the [[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Rural]] constituency created in 2008 as part of delimitation in Karnataka. Sathanur segment was merged between [[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakapura]], [[Ramanagaram]] and [[Channapatna]] constituencies. [[Malavalli]] became a part of [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya constituency]] and [[Uttarahalli]] was reformed and Uttarahalli Circle was merged with new Bangalore South Assembly Constituency.

The new Assembly Constituencies [[Bangalore South Assembly constituency|Bangalore South]], [[Anekal]], and [[Raja Rajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore|Rajarajeshwarinagar]] became a part of [[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Rural]] along with [[Kunigal]] Assembly Constituency from [[Tumkur district]]

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Till 1967 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1952]]
| [[M. V. Rajasekharan]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| [[C. K. Jaffer Sharief]]
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="5"|[[M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
|{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[M. Srinivas (born 1942)|M. Srinivas]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2002^
| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Tejashwini Sreeramesh]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''After 2009 : Constituency Abolished''}}
|-
|}

^ Denote [[By-Elections]]

== Election results ==

===2002 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title=2002 By elections: Kanakapura <ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb2002/pcbye_2002_kt_kanakapura.htm|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = [[H. D. Devegowda]]
|votes = 5,81,709
|percentage = 41.35
|change = +27.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]]
|votes = 5,29,133
|percentage = 37.61
|change = -5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[K. S. Eshwarappa]]
|votes = 2,28,134
|percentage = 16.22
|change = -24.21
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,576
|percentage = 3.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14,08,007
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box swing with party link|
|winner = Janata Dal (Secular)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.5|77.4|display=title}}

[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka]]

I. Rama Rai

2025-09-24T05:01:36Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1931–2010)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ichilampady Rama Rai
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =13 March 1931
| birth_place = [[Ichilampady]], [[Kasaragod Taluka]], [[Madras Presidency]]
| residence =
| death_date ={{Death date and age|2010|12|02|1931|3|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mangalore]], [[India]]
| constituency_MP1= [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| majority1 =
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = 1984
| term_end1 = 1989
| predecessor1 = [[Ramanna Rai]]
| successor1 = [[Ramanna Rai]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =[[Indian National Congress]]
| religion =
| spouse = K.B. Umawathi R. Rai
| children = 2 sons 2 daughters
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| blank1 = Source
| data1 = [http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/3122.htm Parliament of India]
}}

'''Ichilampady Rama Rai''' was an Indian [[Politician]] who served as [[Member of Parliament]] representing the [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]] constituency of [[Kerala]] in the [[8th Lok Sabha]]. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok08/state/08lskl.htm |title=Biographical Sketch Of Eighth Lok Sabha(State Wise) |access-date=31 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615095059/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok08/state/08lskl.htm |archive-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok08/party/08ls01.htm Biographical Sketches Of Eighth Lok Sabha(Party Wise)]</ref> and served as the vice-president of the [[Kannur|Cannanore]] DCC from 1965 to 1980, and as its president for 18 years.
He was also the vice-president of the Kerala state Karshaka Congress for 7 years, apart from serving as the member of All-India Congress Committee (I) and as executive committee member of Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee.<ref name="daiji">{{cite web|last=Vorkady|first=Harshad |title=Kasargod: Congress Leader, Former MP Rama Rai Passes Away|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=90978|work=Daijiworld Media Network - Kasargod With Inputs from PTI|publisher=www.Daijiworld.com|accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref>

==Bio==
Rai was born to mother Ichlampady Shanthamma Rai and father Ariadka Subbaya Rai. He completed his education at Kumbla Government School, [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)]] and [[Pachaiyappa's College]], [[Chennai]] earning the degree [[Bachelor of Science]]. He was married to Umavathi Rai and has four children two sons and two daughters. He died on 2 December 2010 after a prolonged illness and was cremated on 3 December.<ref name=daiji /><ref>{{cite news|title=Rama Rai cremated|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article930835.ece?textsize=small&test=2|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=11 December 2010|location=Chennai, India|date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Staff Reporter |title=Former Kasaragod MP Rama Rai dead. SUBBAYYA RAI SON AND CURRENT NOMINATED CANDIDATE 17 TH LOKSABHA|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/03/stories/2010120360210400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108132123/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/03/stories/2010120360210400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|accessdate=11 December 2010 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mangalore: Former MP I Rama Rai Passes away|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=210457&newstype=local|publisher=www.mangalorean.com|accessdate=11 December 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727131941/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=210457&newstype=local|archivedate=27 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, I. Rama}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]

Pancharanga Kshetrams

2025-09-15T11:54:10Z

Manish Khouriwal: Pg

{{Short description|Group of five Vishnu temples in South India}}
[[File:Ranganatha.jpg|thumb|Artistic representation of the deity Ranganatha.]]{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
The '''Pancharanga Kshetrams''' ({{Langx|sa|पञ्चरङ्ग क्षेत्रम्|lit=Five abodes/stages of Ranganatha|translit=Pañcaraṅga Kṣetram}}) or '''Pancharangams''' is a group of five sacred [[Hindu temples]], dedicated to [[Ranganatha]], a form of the deity [[Vishnu]], on the banks of the [[Kaveri|Kaveri River]]. The five Pancharanga Kshetrams in the order of their successive locations, on the banks of the Kaveri River are:

* The [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangapatna)|Srirangapatna]] called the Adi Rangam, the first temple on the banks of the Kaveri River from the upstream side;
* The [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Shivanasamudra|Shivanasamudra]] called The Madhya Ranga, Karnataka,
* The [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)|Srirangam]] (island in [[Tiruchirappalli]]) in [[Tamil Nadu]] known as Kasthuri Rangam or Anthya Rangam (the last temple),
* [[Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple|Appalarangam]] or [[Koviladi]] at Tiruppernagar in Tamil Nadu, [[Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple]] at Tiruindalur in [[Mayiladuthurai]] or Mayuram and Vatarangam near [[Sirkazhi]], also listed as Sri Renganatha Perumal Temple, Vadarengam, Tamil Nadu, 609108.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/vatarangam-seat-of-hari-and-haran/article28572968.ece | title= Vatarangam, seat of Hari and Haran | date=18 April 2003 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=10 December 2019 }}</ref>
* The [[Sarangapani temple]] at [[Kumbakonam]] is mentioned in place of Vatarangam in some references.<ref name="Kapoor2002">{{cite book|author=Subodh Kapoor|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Timi-Vedic Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVQUAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-280-5}}</ref>{{Sfn|Dalal|2011|page =339}}<ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams">{{cite news |
title=''Pancharanga Kshetrams''|
work=Indiantemples |
url=http://www.indiantemples.com/Tamilnadu/df012.html |
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref>

{{Location map+|Tamil Nadu|alt=Locations of the Pancharanga Kshetrams
|places=
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=12.4247|long=76.6797|label= Srirangapatna|position=top}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=12.2706|long=77.1696|label= Shivanasamudra|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=10.8628|long=78.6907|label= Srirangam|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=10.8392|long=78.8890|label= Appalarangam|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=10.9598|long=79.3753|label= Kumbakonam|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=11.1098|long=79.6481|label= Tiruindalur|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat=11.2647|long=79.6529|label= Vadarengam|position=right}}
|caption=Temple locations|float=center|width=360}}

==Sri Ranganatha Temple, Srirangapatna==
{{main|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna}}
[[File:Gopura and prakara of Sri Ranganathaswamy temple on the island of Srirangapatna near Mysore in India.jpg|thumb|The temple of '''Ranganatha''' in Srirangapatna]]
Also known as Adiranga, the temple is located on the banks of the Kaveri in [[Srirangapatna]], Karnataka. This temple originally built in 894 CE by Tirumaliah of the Ganga Dynasty and legend accounts its founding to Sage Gautama.{{Sfn|Ayyar|1982|p=596}} The temple was expanded by the [[Hoysala]]s in the 11th century CE and subsequently by Vijayanagara kings.<ref name="Various2009">{{cite book|author=Various|title=Tourist Guide to Karnataka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hypasmfmVn4C&pg=PA46|year=2009|publisher=Sura Books|isbn=978-81-7478-062-1|page=46}}</ref><ref name=srptn>{{cite book|last=A.|first=Raman|title=Bangalore – Mysore: A Disha Guide|pages=105|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBDkVEmLf0cC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Ranganatha, the presiding deity of this temple, was honoured by the [[Muslim]] ruler [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/tiger_of_mysore_gallery.shtm Tiger of Mysore Gallery]{{dead link|date=September 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} BBC</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Alqarzavi|first=Allama Yusuf|title=Islam: Muslims & Non Muslims|pages=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru3Ymarrg14C&pg=PA54}}</ref>

A Nayaka ruler who ruled over Srirangapatna built the fort there and also expanded the Sri Ranganatha Temple complex with the treasures he found there. His descendants ruled until 1495, when Srirangapatna was taken over by [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. One of the largest temples in Karnataka, it was built in three stages: the innermost part of the temple is said to date back to the Hoysala period;{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} the [[Gopuram]] was built in the [[Vijayanagara architecture|Vijaynagara architectural style]],<ref name="Various2009"/> and has six storeys, colourfully plastered and adorned with idols; and the main idol in the temple of Ranganatha is reclining on a five-headed serpent and is said to be very ancient. According to the local legend, it is said to be 3600 years old and was a gift from God.<ref name="McMillan2006">{{cite book|author=Murray McMillan|title=Tehaka's Journey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tqbooPvXMEC&pg=PA293|date=August 2006|publisher=Janus Publishing Company Lim|isbn=978-1-85756-607-9|page=293}}</ref> There is a chariot located in the front yard of this [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna|temple]] which was a gift by [[Muslim]] Ruler [[Hyder Ali]], Tipu Sultan's father.<ref name="Various2009"/>

This temple is known as the eastern (Purva) Ranganatha Kshetram, while the similar temple in the western part of the Cauvery River, also in an island is called the Paschima Ranganatha Kshetra.{{Sfn|Ayyar|1982|p=596}}

The temple is {{Convert|16|km}} from the [[Mysore]] city in the town of Srirangaptna, which is named after the deity, Sri Ranganatha in the temple.<ref name="Vargas2005">{{cite book|author=Rosemary Vargas|title=Ashtanga City – The Westerner's Guide to Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbR3aCi6KGUC&pg=PA79|year=2005|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4116-5669-7|page=79}}</ref> The annual Ranganatha Swamy temple fair is held at the temple premises in the month of [[Pausha]] (December/January).{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

==Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)==
{{Main|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)}}
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| footer = ''Rajagopuram'' (Main tower)
| image1 = 23Sirirangam Gateway.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Pre 1987
| image2 = Srirangam rajagopuram.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Post 1987
}}
Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple is located on the eastern shores of the [[Srirangam]] (Anthya Ranga) island, which appears like a conch in shape, one of the adornments in Vishnu's hands. In this temple, Ranganatha in a reclining position resting on the bed of [[Shesha]] and is seen with his consort [[Ranganayaki]].{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=274-275}} There are many legends connected with the founding of the temple but the most narrated one is that the creator god [[Brahma]] was involved in doing [[tapas]] (meditation) here when the central icon of Ranganatha emerged from the cosmic milky ocean in a celestial flying craft. Brahma then took this image to his abode [[Satyaloka]] in the heavens where he offered daily [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]. This was then brought to [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] by King [[Ikshvaku]] after several hundred years of penance, and was passed down over generations to Ikshvaku's descendant [[Rama]], an [[avatar]] of Vishnu himself and hero of the epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. Rama then presented it to [[Vibhishana]], who assisted him in killing the demon-king of [[Lanka]] and Vibhishana's elder brother, [[Ravana]]. However, when Vibhishana was taking the image to [[Lanka]], he stopped en route on the banks of the Kaveri to bathe at Srirangam, and thereafter the deity wished to dwell there itself, and since then it is under continuous worship at this location.{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=363-64}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2011|page =339}}{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=274-275}} Since Vibhishana was very forlorn by the decision of the Lord, Ranganatha faces south towards Lanka to placate Vibhishana.{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=363-64}} One more legend mentioned is that river goddess Kaveri requested Ranganatha to reside at [[Srirangam]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}

The temple is also known for the legend of [[Andal]], a female [[Alvar]] saint of the [[Sri Vaishnava]] sect. She got married symbolically to the Ranganatha icon (Vishnu) as per her deep desire. The marriage took place in the sanctum sanctorum of the temple when Andal (said to be an incarnation of goddess [[Lakshmi]]) merged with the image, and became a part of Ranganatha.{{Sfn|Dalal|2011|page =28}}

Another incident related to the deity of this temple is of a Vaishnava Saint (Vipra Narayanar) who lived in the 7th century and composed hymns in praise of the Lord. He was born in a village called Thirumandangudi on the banks of the Kaveri River and was a staunch devotee of Ranganatha of Srirnagam. He came to live in Srirangam and used to make garlands for the deity. However, he fell in love with a [[devadasi]] and he took to wrong deeds. Finally, Lord Ranganatha came to his rescue and then he was given the name of [[Thondaradippodi Alvar]], (meaning: "dust at the feet of the lord"). Thereafter, he composed 54 hymns in praise of the Lord, which have become part of [[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabhandam]] (4000 divine hymns).{{Sfn|Dalal|2011|page =118}}

The temple location is in an island formed by the Kaveri River and the stream [[Kollidam]] joining it, to bifurcate it and again joining a few miles downstream of the island. Its construction, in [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian architectural style]], is attributed to the period of Udayan Setupathi in association with [[Sri Lanka]]n prince Pararaja Sekara, in 1414; however, the main sanctuary where the idol is deified dates to the 11th century and the surrounding enclosures and pavilions belong mostly to the 17th and 18th centuries.{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}} It took 350 years to complete with 35 villages granted for its maintenance. The sanctum sanctorum, square in shape, built with in circular shrine,{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=274-275}} is encircled by seven tier of walls of {{Convert|25|ft}} height) spaced at {{Convert|120|yard}}, with outer wall measuring nearly {{Convert|7|mi}}. There are twenty one towers or "gopurams" (some of them unfinished) and each forming a common gated entry and all of similar design; the 13- tiered ''rajagopuram'', or chief tower, on the western side, {{Convert|78|ft}} in height (''illustration''), was built in 1987 by [[Ahobila Mutt]] and dominates the landscape for miles around. There are many pavilions and shrines within the complex an ''Ayiram kaal mandapam'' (a hall of 1000 pillars of carved granite and decorated with carvings) and several small water tanks (two important ones for pilgrims to bathe are Agni Thirta and Kodi Tirtha) inside. The corridors and pillars are huge and elegantly carved. The corridors are about {{Convert|400|ft}} in length with width varying from {{Convert|17|-|21|ft}} with a height of {{Convert|30|ft}} from the floor to the ceiling. The total area covered by the temple precincts measures {{Convert|865|ft}}x{{Convert|657|ft}}. Red and gray [[granite]] and [[sienite]] have been used in pavements, stairways and lower part of walls. The temple has decorations of carved [[griffins]], idols of gods and men and animals ([[tiger]]s). The space between the walls of the temple complex has the well planned complete city of Srirangam with roads and houses.{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=274-275}}<ref name="Malcolm1839">{{cite book|author=Howard Malcolm|title=Travels in south-eastern Asia, embracing Hindustan, Malaya, Siam, and China: with notices of numerous missionary stations, and a full account of the Burman Empire; with dissertations, tables, etc|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinsouthe05malcgoog|access-date=13 December 2012|year=1839|publisher=Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln|pages=[https://archive.org/details/travelsinsouthe05malcgoog/page/n79 69]–}}</ref> It is stated to be the largest temple in South India.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

[[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] festival is an important event in the temple premises and is said to be a celebration on the occasion of Ekadashi goddess who is said to have defeated [[asuras]] or demons. {{Sfn|Ayyar|1982|p=447}}

Parasara Batttar, well known poet of the times who has written a commentary on ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]'' (the thousand names of Vishnu) has noted the beautiful image of Ranganatha at Srirangam temple as ornamented with [[basil]] ([[tulsi]]) garland on the chest (favorite of Vishnu), ''[[Kaustubha]]'', ''Vaijayanthi hara'' (a necklace) and a few other ornaments, which once formed the divine jewelry of [[Krishna]], the [[avatar]] (incarnation) of Vishnu, are also decorating the image of Ranganatha.<ref>{{cite book|author=T. Padmaja|title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-_eR1isesMC&pg=PA73|year=2002|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-398-4|page=73}}</ref>

==Sri Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple==
{{Main|Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple|l1=Sri Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple}}
[[File:Koviladi1.jpg|200x200px|thumb|right|Koviladi Appala Ranganathar temple]]
The [[Sri Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple]], also called as [[Thirupper Nagar]], is located on the banks of the Kaveri River, {{Convert|3|mi}} away from [[Kollidam]]. It is one of the [[Divya Desams|108 Divya Desams]]{{Sfn|Ayyar|1982|p=533}} and also one of the Pancharanga Kshetrams.<ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams"/>

The main deity in the sanctum is Lord Ranganatha, in a reclining pose and considered ''adi'', meaning fore runner, to the Sri Ranganatha Swamy Temple at Srirangam. The temple tower is in the shape of Indira's [[Vimana]] (aircraft). Also seen in the precincts of the temple is the shrine of Lord ''Vazhikatti Vinanayaka'' (Guiding [[Vinayaka]]) or Lord [[Ganesh]]. According to the legend of the place, King Upamanyu and Parasara Rishi saw the Lord Appakudathan here, and King Upamanyu is stated to have offered ''appam'' (pancake) as a food offering to the god, and hence the lord got his name as ''Appakudathan''. Indra's pride was destroyed by this god and also removed the fear of death from the mind of [[Markandeya]] Rishi and also King Upari Siravasu was blessed free of sins and curses. Saint [[Periyalvar]] sang the ''Mangalashasanam'', a hymn in praise of the Lord, in front of the god before he attained [[moksha]] or salvation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=349|title=Sri Appakudathan temple|access-date=19 December 2012|publisher=Dinamalar}}</ref>

==Sarangapani Temple==
{{Main|Sarangapani Temple}}
[[File:Gopuras in Kumbakonam - India.JPG|thumb|Gopuras of the temple in Kumbakonam]]
The Sarangapani Temple on the banks of the Kaveri River at [[Kumbakonam]] is one of the Divya Desams and is also one of the five Pancharangam Temples. Its location is in the [[Tanjore]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], about {{Convert|1.5|mi}} from the [[Kumbakonam]] railway station.<ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams"/><ref>''108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Malai Nadu and Vada Nadu''. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.</ref>

The deity in the temple is Sarangapani, an incarnation of Vishnu. According to a legend, when saint Hema Rishi did penance, Vishnu appeared to him from Heavens driving a chariot drawn by four horses and elephants. The temple depicts this scene in the sanctum sanctorum (central chamber of the temple) and the chariot opens out on either side. According to this legend the hermitage of the rishi became the Pottramarai tank of the temple.{{Sfn|Ayyar|1982|page=324}}

==Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple==
{{Main|Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple}}

The Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple is also one of the 108 Divya Desams. It is located on the banks of the Kaveri River, in [[Mayiladuthurai]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams"/> The legend of the temple is related to a pious [[bandit]]-turned-Alvar saint [[Thirumangai Alvar|Parakal]], known for his devotion to Ranganatha. Lord Vishnu transformed him by teaching the ''Narayana [[mantra]]'' or ''Ashtaksara'' (the eight syllabled) – "namo narayanaya", turning the robber into a saint who then starts singing the first verse of Peria Thirumozhi/ Peria Thirumoli (Vaadinen Vaadi).<ref name = "Subramanian">[[#V.K.|VK]] 2006, p.49</ref><ref name = "Chari29">[[#Chari|Chari]] 1997, pp. 29–32</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Bhagavad-Gita: Translation and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvFRIgjTzJAC&pg=PA181|page=181|publisher=iUniverse|last=Krishnaraj|first=Veeraswamy|isbn=9781475911817|year=2002}}</ref> Then Lord Ranganatha agrees to permanently reside in his town Tirunakari as Parimala Perumal and Parakal built a temple for him and remained there permanently offering prayers to the god.<ref name="Hardy2005">{{cite book|author=Friedhelm Hardy|title=The Religious Culture of India: Power, Love and Wisdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmb6oIyTFD4C&pg=PA315|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02344-3|page=315}}</ref> The Temple town is now known as [[Thiruvilandur|Thiruindaloor]] in [[Mayiladuthurai taluk]] of [[Mayiladuthurai district]] in Tamil Nadu.

The practice of playing [[nadaswaram|nadasvaram]] (a wind musical instrument) at temples, though in vogue for centuries, did not have any ''[[sahityam]]'' or music based literature or lyrics to go with it. Then a beginning was made by renowned musicians who composed a ''rakti'', a musical composition with 2 to 8 notes according to their skills and then played it in Parimala Ranganatha Temple. Thereafter, it became a popular rendition in the nadasvaram. The ''rakti'' (lyrics) played in the Parimala Ranganatha temple at Tiruvizhandur was made famous by Tiruvizhandur Subrahmanya Pillai and Kurainadu Natesa Pillai, who were among the reputed ''rakti'' players of an earlier generation. Sri Radhakrishna Pillai was also a well known player of this instrument in recent times.<ref name="The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras">{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwgFAQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Music Academy.}}</ref>

==Sri Renganatha Perumal Temple, Vadarengam==
The last place in this list is known as VadaRangam as it is situated north of all these places (Vada in Tamil means north) or as Vata Rangam as the temple was once located in a forest of banyan (vata in Sanskrit) trees.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Though there are not many banyan trees in the area today, the single tree found near the temple lends credence to this view. There is also an ancient Shiva temple, Jambukeswara here. This place is considered to be as holy as Srirangam as the temples of Lords Ranganatha and Sri Jambukeswara are situated close to each other. However, both the temples are in a highly dilapidated condition now due to the ravages of nature and the fury of the floods in the Kollidam. The river was once flowing near the temples after taking a turn towards the north (Utharavauhini). A river that flows from the south to the north is considered to be particularly sacred. A major part of the village of Vatarangam was washed away by floods in the early years of the 20th century. Likely since then, the temple at Kumbakonam has become a more popular pancharanga sthalam.

This place was known as Punnagavana Kshetram in the [[Satya Yuga]], as Thulasivanam in the [[Treta Yuga]], Vagularanyam in the [[Dvapara Yuga]] and Vataranyam in the [[Kali Yuga]]. There are many legends associated with this temple. Ranganatha's Moolavar idol is very small when compared with those in other places, and hence it is known as Balarangam. Lord Jambukeswara, referred to as Jambunathar here, is worshiped in a separate shrine though not much is known about the sthalapuranam. The Goddess here is known as Akhilandeswari.

To reach this place one has to travel on the Chennai-Chidambaram road, pass through Coleroon and Sirkazhi and then branch off the main road and travel a distance of 12 km before reaching Vatarangam. It is situated between Sirkazhi and Vaitheeswarankoil.

==See also==
* [[Divya Desams]]
* [[Nava Tirupathi|Nava Tirupati]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC |year=1982 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0151-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA339 |year=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=339– }}
* {{cite book |last=Raman |first=Srilata |title=Self-surrender (prapatti) to God in Śrīvaiṣṇavism: Tamil Cats and Sanskrit Monkeys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDkiUKoFh-kC&pg=PA44 |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-39185-6 |page=44}}
* {{cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Aruna |title=India: A Divine Destination |publisher=Crest Publishing House |year= 2005 |isbn=81-242-0556-6 |pages=264–265, 363–64, and 374–75 }}

{{Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples]]

Panskura (community development block)

2025-07-31T03:38:05Z

Manish Khouriwal: adjusted layout per sources

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panskura
| other_name = Panskura I
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Valley of Flowers in Doranda, Panskura.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Flower gardening in Panskura
| image_map = File:Panskura in Purba Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.397|N|87.741|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 246.92
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 9
| population_total = 283,303
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721139 (Panskura) 721645 (Chaitannyapur) 721131 (Haur)
| area_code = 03228
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-29, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-30, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-31, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-32, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-33
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 83.65%
| website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Panskura Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panskura Paschim]]
}}
'''Panskura''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Tamluk subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] and [[Eastern coastal plains]]. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of [[alluvium]] and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5 km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/PURBA%20MIDNAPORE-wb.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District |publisher= Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India | access-date = 29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262525164 |title = Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B | access-date = 29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur| work = Chapter I Introduction| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 29 June 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| archive-date = 23 September 2016| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Panskura is located at {{coord|22.397|N|87.741|E|format=dms|}}.

Panskura CD Block is bounded by [[Daspur I (community development block)|Daspur I]] CD Block, in Paschim Medinipur district, in the north, [[Kolaghat (community development block)|Kolaghat]] and [[Tamluk (community development block)|Tamluk]] CD Blocks, in the east, [[Moyna (community development block)|Moyna]] CD Block in the south and [[Debra (community development block)|Debra]] and [[Pingla (community development block)|Pingla]] CD Blocks, in Paschim Medinipur district, in the west.

It is located 26 km from [[Tamluk]], the district headquarters.

Panskura CD Block has an area of 246.92 km2 (including Panskura municipality). It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 14 [[gram panchayat]]s, 208 gram sansads (village councils), 247 [[mouza]]s and 225 inhabited villages. [[Panskura#Police station|Panskura]] police station serves this block. The block was earlier named Panskura I and in 2011 it was renamed Panskura.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Panskura.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur | work= Map of Purba Meinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations |publisher= Dirctorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 9 November 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Panskura block/ panchayat samiti are: Chaitanyapur I, Chaitanyapur II, Ghoshpur, Gobindanagar, Haur, Keshapat, Khandakhola, Mysora, Panskura I, Pratapur I, Pratapur II, Purusottampur, Radhaballavchak and Raghunathbari.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 22 June 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Panskura CD Block had a total population of 283,303, all of which were rural. There were 145,563 (51%) males and 137,740 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 32,726. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 29,183 (10.30%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 12,531 (4.42%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Panskura I block had a total population of 298,163, out of which 152,618 were males and 145,545 were females. Panskura I block registered a population growth of 15.62 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 7 June 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 6 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Panskura CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Jiakhali (6,672), Kamila (4,369), Baharputa (4,660) and Radhaballav Chak (4,489).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Panskura CD block include(2011 census figures in brackets): [[Dakshin Maynadal]] (1,024), [[Purbba Gopalpur]] (1,110).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Panskura CD Block was 209,614 (83.65% of the population over 6 years) out of which 116,589 (56%) were males and 93,025 (44%) were females.<ref name=census2011/> As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%.<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/19-purba-medinipur.html |title = Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data | work= 2016 Digital Trends |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}</ref> Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/west+bengal.html |title = Districts of West Bengal | work= High Literacy |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Panskura CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|80.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|19.25}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.14}}
}}

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 228,369 and formed 80.61% of the population in Panskura CD Block. Muslims numbered 54,538 and formed 19.25% of the population. Others numbered 396 and formed 0.14% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In 2001, Hindus made up 78.08% and Muslims 21.78% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Panskura CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 94.69 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value2 = 1.75 |color2 = tomato
|label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value3 = 1.62 |color3 = darkturquoise
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.55 |color4 = orange
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.39 |color5 = grey
}}

According to the 2011 census, 94.69% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 1.75% [[Khortha language|Khortha]], 1.62% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 1.55% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The District Human Development Report for Purba Medinipur has provided a CD Block-wise data table for [[Human Poverty Index|Modified Human Poverty Index]] of the district. Panskura CD Block registered 21.00 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI was estimated at 24.9. Eleven out of twentyfive CD Blocks were found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I & II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 2214-215 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
In Panskura CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 45.93% of the total population and amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 23.81%, agricultural labourers 35.75%, household industry workers 9.73% and other workers 30.71%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 2019-01-21 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 225 inhabited villages in Panskura CD block. All 225 villages (100%) have power supply. All 225 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 34 villages (15.11%) have post offices. 220 villages (97.78%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 56 villages (24.89%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 44 villages (19.56%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 11 villages (4.89%) have [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society|agricultural credit societies]]. 10 villages (4.44%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 93 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 March 2019}}</ref>

In 2007-08, around 40% of rural households in the district had electricity.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 26, 30-33, 37, 61-63, 89-94 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013-14, there were 96 fertiliser depots, 11 seed stores and 50 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Panskura CD Block'''
|value1 = 4.31
||label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 7.49
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 2.48
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 36.10
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 49.62
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Purba Medinipur: The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season. The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal.<ref name=humandev2/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Panskura CD Block was 12,111 hectares, out of which 777 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 1,161 hectares by tank water, 8,697 hectares by deep tube wells, 696 hectares by shallow tube wells and 780 hectares by river lift irrigation.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 29 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Panskura CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 4.31%, patta (document) holders 7.49%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2.48%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 36.10% and agricultural labourers 49.62%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Panskura CD Block produced 149 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 2,614 hectares, 39,650 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 11,926 hectares, 449 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 621 hectares, and 51,815 tonnes of potatoes from 102 hectares. It also produced pulses and oil seeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Betel]]vine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of [[Cashew|cashew nuts]] from 3,340 hectares of land.<ref name=humandev2/>

===Floriculture===
West Bengal is the third largest producer of flower in the country. The two leading flower producing districts of West Bengal are Purba Medinipur and Nadia. Purba Medinipur leads in both cropped area and production, although floriculture in the district remains in its infancy. There is great potentiality of flower production particularly in three CD Blocks – Kolaghat, Panskura and Sahid Matangini.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.iaamidnaporebranch.in/docs/BSV2N2/8._Article_4.pdf | title = Commercial Prospects of Floriculture: A Study on Purba Medinipur District of West Bengal | last = Dr. Sanjit Kumar Das | publisher = Business Spectrum, July–December 2012 | access-date = 30 June 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2007-08 in Purba Medinipur district 31.750 crore spikes of rose were produced from 555 hectares, 4,880 tonnes of chrysanthemum were produced from 150 hectares, 4.140 crore spikes of gladiolus were produced from 250 hectares, 13.310 crore spikes of tube rose were produced from 451 hectares, 10,140 tonnes marigold were produced from 1,115 hectares, 370 tonnes of jasmine were produced from 280 hectares, and 1,645 tonnes of season flowers were produced from 1,255 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/flowers/purba%20medinipur.html | title = Areas and the production of flowers in the district of Purba Medinipur | publisher = West Bengal State Marketing Board | access-date = 30 June 2016 | archive-date = 10 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160910222528/http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/flowers/purba%20medinipur.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffcc; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" | Concentration of Handicraft Activities in CD Blocks
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* ''' Horn Craft ''' - Kolaghat
* '''Pata Chitra ''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar
* '''Sea Shell ''' – Ramnagar I & II
* '''Mat & Mat Diversified Products ''' – Ramnagar I, Egra I & II, Patashpur I
* '''Brass & Bell Metal ''' – Ramnagar I, Mahisadal, Patashpur II, Egra I
* '''Diversified Jute Products ''' – Ramnagar II, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
* '''Cane & Bamboo Products ''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
* '''Sola Craft ''' - Tamluk, Kolaghat
* '''Pottery/Terracotta ''' - Panskura, Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, Nandakumar
* '''Wood Craft ''' - Tamluk
* '''Zari work '''- Sutahta, Mahisadal, Haldia, Nandakumar
Source: District Human Development Report, Purba Medinipur, Page 97
|}

===Pisciculture===
Purba Medinipur's net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal.<ref name=humandev2/> The nett area available for affective pisciculture in Panskura CD Block in 2013-14 was 757.73 hectares. 3,940 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 28,869 quintals.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Panskura CD Block had offices of 12 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Medinipur East district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
Panskura CD Block has 15 ferry services and 15 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Panskura railway station]] is on the [[Howrah-Kharagpur line]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-panskura-local-38401/14850/1/166 |title = 38401 Howrah-Panskura Local | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 29 March 2017}}</ref> The [[Howrah-Kharagpur line]] was constructed in 1900.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1427346652869-BNR%20history.pdf |title = Year of construction of important BG lines |work= History | publisher= South Eastern Railway | access-date = 29 June 2016}}</ref> The Howrah–Kharagpur line was electrified in 1967-69.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 10 February 2013}}</ref>

The Dankuni-Kharagpur sector of [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] passes through this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf | title = National Highways | access-date = 30 March 2017 | publisher = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160816023220/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf | archive-date = 16 August 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>Google map</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Panskura CD Block had 180 primary schools with 14,542 students, 13 middle schools with 977 students, 15 high schools with 6,146 students and 23 higher secondary schools with 23,389 students. Panskura CD Block had 1 general college with 85 students, 4 professional/ technical institutions with 350 students, 559 institutions for special and non-formal education with 23,060 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Panskura CD block, amongst the 225 inhabited villages, 14 villages did not have a school, 68 villages had two or more primary schools, 55 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 35 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Purba Mednipur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1091-92, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 March 2019}}</ref>

[[Panskura Banamali College]] was established at [[Panskura]] in 1960. It is affiliated with [[Vidyasagar University]]. It offers undergraduate and post graduate courses.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://panskurabanamalicollege.org/| title = Pnaskura Banamali College | publisher = PBC |access-date = 30 March 2017}}</ref>

[[Siddhinath Mahavidyalaya]], a government degree college, was established at [[Shyamsundarpur Patna]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://siddhinathmahavidyalaya.org/| title = Siddhinath Mahavidyalaya | publisher = SM |access-date = 30 March 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Panskura CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], and 6 private nursing homes with total 110 beds and 10 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 44 family welfare sub centres. 2,990 patients were treated indoor and 96,429 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Uttar Mechogram Rural Hospital at [[Uttar Mechogram]], PO Keshapat (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Panskura CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Purba Itarah, PO Raghunathbari (with 6 beds) and Patanda (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Panskura picture gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="180px">
File:Flower valley of Panskura.jpg|Valley of Flowers in Pansura
File:Valley of Flowers in Panskura.jpg|Valley of Flowers in Panskura
File:A sobji seller.jpg|Panskura Station Sobji Bazar seller
File:Panskura Bazar 1.jpg|Panskura Station Sobji Bazar
File:Panskura Bazar.jpg|Panskura Station Road
File:Panskura Station.jpeg|Panskura Junction railway station
File:Panskura Super Speciality Hospital.jpg|Panskura Super Speciality Hospital
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Purba Medinipur district]]

Maru Pradesh

2025-07-22T15:01:17Z

Manish Khouriwal: new initial info more to come.

{{Short description|Region and proposed state in northwest India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox region
| name =
| settlement_type = [[Proposed state of India]]
| image_skyline =
| image_map = File:India Maru Pradesh locator map.jpg
| image_caption = Location of Maru Pradesh in [[Northwest]], India
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| other_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| map1_alt =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type3 = Capital
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jodhpur]]
| subdivision_type4 = Districts
| subdivision_name4 = *[[Jalore district]]
*[[Balotra district]]
*[[Barmer district]]
*[[Sanchore district]]
*[[Sirohi district]]
*[[Didwana Kuchaman district]]
*[[Hanumangarh district]]
*[[Jaisalmer district]]
*[[Bikaner district]]
*[[Jhunjhunu district]]
*[[Jodhpur district]]
*[[Jodhpur Rural district]]
*[[Nagaur district]]
*[[Pali district]]
*[[Phalodi district]]
*[[Anupgarh district]]
*[[Sikar district]]
*[[Churu district]]
*[[Sri Ganganagar district]]
*[[Beawar district]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest cities
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{hlist
| [[Jodhpur]]
| [[Jalore]]
| [[Bishangarh]]
| [[Bikaner]]
| [[Balotra]]
| [[Bhinmal]]
| [[Sujangarh]]
| [[Nokha, Bikaner|Nokha]]
| [[Sri Ganganagar]]
| [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]]
}}
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 213,887
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 28,132,949
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = *[[Bagri language|Bagri]]
*[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
*[[Shekhawati language|Shekhawati]]
}}
'''Maru Pradesh''' is a geographical, cultural, social, economic, political and linguistic region of the [[Thar Desert]] in the [[Northwest India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/news/pm-modi-plan-to-defeat-ashok-gehlot-social-media-limelight-maru-pradesh-rajasthan-election/articleshow/103791561.cms | title=गहलोत को मात देने के लिए क्या मोदी खेलेंगे मास्टर स्ट्रोक ? चुनावी साल में मरूप्रदेश के चर्चे के मायने समझिए }}</ref> It is also a [[Proposed states and union territories of India#Rajasthan|proposed state in India]] with its proposed capital being [[Jodhpur]], the largest city of Maru Pradesh.<ref name=momentum>{{Cite web|date=April 16, 2018|title=Rajasthan: Separate Maru Pradesh demand gains momentum {{!}} Jodhpur News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/separate-maru-pradesh-demand-gains-momentum/articleshow/63776341.cms|access-date=2021-10-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Marupradesh - Small State-Developed State-Marupradesh|url=https://www.marupradesh.org/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=marupradesh.org}}</ref> It would be carved out from the state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Marupradesh: Small State Developed State |url=http://marupradesh.com/proposals.php |publisher=Jaaibir Godara |accessdate=12 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301224034/http://marupradesh.com/proposals.php |archivedate=March 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/on-the-possibilities-of-new-states-the-demand-for-formation-of-maru-state-also-increased-128572695.html|title=नए राज्याें की संभावनाओं पर मरू प्रदेश के गठन की मांग भी बढ़ी}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jalore/news/discussion-in-the-meeting-regarding-the-demand-of-maru-pradesh-nirman-morcha-in-hukam-garh-of-kanwala-130792728.html|title=कंवला के हुकम गढ़ में मरु प्रदेश निर्माण मोर्चा की मरू प्रदेश की मांग को लेकर बैठक में चर्चा}}</ref> The proposed state would consist the districts of [[Jalore district|Jalore]], [[Balotra district|Balotra]], [[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Sanchore district|Sanchore]], [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]], [[Didwana Kuchaman district|Didwana Kuchaman]], [[Hanumangarh district|Hanumangarh]], [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], [[Bikaner district|Bikaner]], [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]], [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]], [[Jodhpur Rural district|Jodhpur Rural]], [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]], [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Phalodi district|Phalodi]], [[Anupgarh district|Anupgarh]], [[Sikar district|Sikar]], [[Churu district|Churu]], [[Sri Ganganagar district|Sri Ganganagar]], [[Beawar district|Beawar]].

== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2022}}
When Rajasthan was being formed, [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] and [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]] states strongly opposed the merger of Rajasthan, and both states favoured creating a desert state. It is said that the then ruler of Jodhpur, [[Hanwant Singh]], went to the first [[Lok Sabha]] wearing a black turban in protest against the merger into Rajasthan.

Following this, in 1953, Pratap Singh, the former Minister of Bikaner State, protested against the merger of Rajasthan and Bikaner not being constituted as a desert state. He named the protest Bikaner Bandh.

In 1956, when new states were formed, many memoranda were also given, and the government ignored the international border, citing security. From time to time, voices in different parts arose in support of the proposed Maru Pradesh.

Former MP Swami Keshavanand not only voiced his opinion but also wrote in his book, ''Marubhoomi Seva'', that the entire development of this desert will happen only when this desert becomes a separate state.

[[Guman Mal Lodha|Gumanmal Lodha]] started this movement in Jodhpur and became an MP from Pali District.

In 1998, Former Maharaja [[Gaj Singh|Gajsingh]] of Jodhpur said that this desert would be developed by becoming a desert state.

[[Amrit Nahata]], MP from Barmer, the author Dilsukh Rai Chaudhary Sikar, Chandra Prakash Deora of Jodhpur, former foreign minister [[Jaswant Singh]], and others also voiced protests.

When Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] created three new states in 2000, former Chief Minister of Rajasthan [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] wrote a letter saying that creating Maru Pradesh would support the development of the entirety of Rajasthan and the internal security of the country.

In 2014 [[Sona Ram]], a former MP from Barmer also raised the demand for the development of the desert. Similarly, Congress leader [[Rameshwar Lal Dudi]], Bhadra former MLA Suresh Chaudhary, and MP and RLP leader Hanuman Beniwal have also expressed support for Maru Pradesh.

In 2018 Hanuman Singh Khangata and BJP Leader Gajendra Singh Rajpurohit Tunkliya said that a separate state is our need and now the time has come to protest. Rajpurohit said that no matter who the government is, we will take the movement forward. He informed about the outline of the movement of the Maru Pradesh Morcha and said that after the announcement of the visit of Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje, the Morcha will also take out the Maru Pradesh Yatra and will make the public aware.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.khaskhabar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur-news/news-jodhpur-news--maru-pradesh-yatra-will-be-extract-with-demand-for-separate-state-news-hindi-2-307214-KKN.html | title=पृथक प्रदेश की मांग के साथ निकलेगी मरु प्रदेश यात्रा | date=15 April 2018 }}</ref>
==Demographics==
Per the Census 2011 data, the total population of the proposed state is 28,132,949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/rajasthan-population.html|title=Maru Pradesh Census|date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
[[File:मरु प्रदेश क्रांति यात्रा.jpg|thumb|]]

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Maru Pradesh
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|86.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|10.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|darkkhaki|2.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Jains]]|brown|0.61}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.18}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news|last=Rajput Sbha bahwan|first=Marwad|title=General Secretary of the morcha Kesar Singh Rathore said that the development of this region was not possible unless there was a separate Maru Pradesh for the focused development aspect of the region. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/separate-maru-pradesh-demand-gains-momentum/articleshow/63776341.cms}}
* {{Cite news|title=maru-pradesh-yatra-will-be-extract-with-demand-for-separate-state|work=m.khaskhabar.com/news |url=https://m.khaskhabar.com/news/news-jodhpur-news--maru-pradesh-yatra-will-be-extract-with-demand-for-separate-state-news-hindi-1-307213-KKN.html}}
* {{Cite news|title=छोटे राज्य तेजी से करते हैं विकास, इसलिए मरू प्रदेश बनाने की मांग|work=www.bhaskar.com |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/latest-sriganganagar-news-064504-1752113.html}}
* {{Cite news|title=मरू प्रदेश की मांग को लेकर ट्रेडर्स एसो. भवन में सभा आज|work=www.bhaskar.com/|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/latest-sriganganagar-news-072004-1744351.html}}
* {{Cite news|title=Raj group raises demand for marupradesh|work=www.business-standard.com/|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/raj-group-raises-demand-for-maru-pradesh-113073101144_1.html}}
* {{Cite news|date=13 January 2009|title=Demand for new desert state gathers steam in rajasthan|work=www.indiatoday.in|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/demand-for-new-desert-state-gathers-steam-in-rajasthan-62887-2009-12-13}}
* {{Cite news|last=Maharaja|first=Gajsingh|date=3 July 1998|title=Former maharaja demands Maru Pradesh state|work=m.rediff.com/|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/jul/03jaipur.htm|access-date=5 May 2021}}

[[Category:Thar Desert]]
[[Category:Regions of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India]]

Bharati College

2025-06-11T15:48:36Z

Manish Khouriwal: New a bio...

{{Short description|Constituent college of Delhi University, Delhi, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Bharati College
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption =
| established = 1971
| motto =
| type = [[Public college|Public]]
| faculty =
| affiliations = [[University of Delhi]]
| principal = Mrs.Saloni Gupta
| students = 4000
| city = [[Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| website = {{url|bharaticollege.org}}
}}

'''Bharati College''', founded in 1971 as Bharati Mahila College, is a women's college constituent to the [[University of Delhi]]. The college caters to more than 2000 women students. It is located in the Janakpuri district of [[Delhi]]. The college offers Bachelor's courses in Literature, humanities, science and commerce. It is well connected with other parts of the city by various means of transport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bharaticollege.com/about-us/profile/ |title=Profile | Bharati college |access-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518094324/http://bharaticollege.com/about-us/profile/ |archive-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mrs. Saloni Gupta is currently the acting principal of the college.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Principal's Message - Bharati College {{!}} Constituent College of University of Delhi|url=https://www.bharaticollege.du.ac.in/bc/du/principal-message|access-date=2021-12-01|website=www.bharaticollege.du.ac.in}}</ref> Admission to Bharati College is given on the basis of [[Delhi University]] cut offs released each year for different courses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DU Releases Second Cut-Off List; Marginal Decline In Marks Requirement|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/du-releases-second-cut-off-list-marginal-decline-in-marks-requirement|access-date=2021-12-01|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Courses Offered==
The college offers the following courses

BA Honours in English
BCom with Honours in Commerce
BA Honours in Political Science
BA Honours in Hindi
BA Honours in History
BA Honours in Sanskrit
BA Honours in Psychology
BSC Honours in Mathematics
BA Honours in Journalism
BA Honours in Psychology. Bharati College is one of the few colleges in India that provides a degree in BA(Hons) Journalism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DU Cut-Off List 2021 LIVE Updates: DU 3rd Cut-Off List Out At Du.ac.in|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/du-cut-off-2021-third-list-live-released-lsr-srcc-hansraj-hindu-miranda-house-ramjas-du-ug-admissions-updates-du-ac-in-latest/amp|access-date=2021-12-01|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

BA Programme

MA Hindi

And some other courses like foreign languages and computer courses.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{University of Delhi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1971]]
[[Category:Delhi University]]

Khodeza Nasreen Akhter Hossain

2025-02-28T16:51:48Z

Manish Khouriwal: Content updated and refined

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khodeza Nasreen Akhter Hossain
| native_name = খোদেজা নাসরিন আক্তার হোসেন
| native_name_lang = bn

| constituency_MP = Reserved Women's Seat-40
| parliament = Bangladesh
| term_start = 30 January 2019
| term_end = 29 January 2024
| predecessor = [[Lutfa Taher]]
| successor = [[Sanjida Khanam]]

| education = L.L.B, L.L.M<ref name="Pinfo"/>
| occupation = Lawyer<ref name="Pinfo"/>
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|2 Oct 1968}}<ref name="Pinfo">{{Cite web |title=Constituency 340 |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/contact/contact-an-mp-email-mobile/309-mps-category/mps-of-11th-parliament/4316-constituency-340-11th-en |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202042952/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/contact/contact-an-mp-email-mobile/309-mps-category/mps-of-11th-parliament/4316-constituency-340-11th-en |archive-date=2021-02-02}}</ref>
| party = [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| spouse = Kazi Rezaul Hossain
}}
'''Khodeza Nasreen Akhter Hossain''' is a [[Bangladesh Awami League]] politician and a member of the [[Bangladesh Parliament]] from a reserved seat.

==Career==
Hossain was burned after the bus she was in was attacked by Bangladesh Nationalist Party activists during a strike in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-07 |script-title=bn:কাঁদলেন-কাঁদালেন চাইলেন বিচার |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/first-page/2022/11/07/826529 |access-date=2022-11-07 |work=Bangladesh Pratidin |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Don't forget BNP-Jamaat's arson, violence in 2013-15: PM |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Bangladesh/dont-forget-bnp-jamaats-arson-violence-in-2013-15-pm/104035 |access-date=2022-11-07 |work=UNB}}</ref>

Hossain was elected to parliament from [[Reserved seats|reserved seat]] as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aroma, Suborna to become MP as Awami League names 41 for reserved seats |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/aroma-suborna-to-become-mp-as-awami-league-names-41-for-reserved-seats |accessdate=3 April 2020 |work=bdnews24.com |date=8 February 2019}}</ref> She is a member of the parliamentary caucus on [[Children's rights|child rights]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Parliamentary caucus on child rights constituted |url=http://theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/199703 |access-date=3 April 2020 |work=The Independent |location=Dhaka}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Khodeza Nasreen}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Jatiya Sangsad]]
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi women politicians]]

{{AwamiLeague-politician-stub}}

Matikhrü

2025-02-21T16:37:21Z

Manish Khouriwal:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Matikhrü
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Matikhrü
| coordinates = {{coord|25.595668|N|94.580150|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Meluri District]]
| established_title = 
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| population_total = 1196<ref name=Cen>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/nagaland/phek/meluri/matikhru-population.html|title=Census of India 2011 – Matikhrü data|website=www.censusindia.co.in|access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 =
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| population_blank2_title = Dialect
| population_blank2 = [[Pochuri language|Pochuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797114
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#NL.E2.80.94Nagaland|NL]]-08
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 951 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Matikhrü''' is a [[Pochury Naga|Pochury]] [[Naga people|Naga]] village located in [[Meluri District]] of [[Nagaland]].

==History==
===Matikhrü Massacre===
{{see also|Matikhrü Massacre}}
On 6 September 1960, forces of the [[16th Punjab Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] occupied Matikhrü and carried out the systematic and brutal [[Matikhrü Massacre|Matikhrü massacre]]. The armed troops later completely destroyed the village and the survivors were left to wander in the wilderness for almost three years. Matikhrü was then re-established in 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Katiry|first=Zhiwhuotho|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/living-eyewitness-pochury-black-day-and-massacre-of-matikhru-village/|title=Living Eyewitness – Pochury Black Day, and Massacre of Matikhrü Village|date=5 September 2017|newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/16355|title=Nagalim: Remembrance Of Matikhrü Incident|date=9 September 2013|website=[[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Matikhrü is situated in Meluri circle of Phek District in Nagaland. As per the Population Census 2011, there are total 246 families residing in Matikhrü. The total population of Matikhrü is 1196.<ref name=Cen />

==See also==
*[[Pochury Naga]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Phek district]]

2014 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)

2025-02-21T14:24:53Z

Manish Khouriwal: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[2014 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)]]

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