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Irani Cup

2023-10-03T14:30:59Z

Maithili:

{{Short description|A first-class cricket championship in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament main
| name = Irani Trophy
| image =
| image_size =
| country = {{cr|IND}}
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| first = 1959–60
| last = [[2022–23 Irani Cup|2022–23]]
| next = [[2023–24 Irani Cup|2023–24]]
| tournament format = [[Playoff format|One-off]]
| participants = 2
| champions = [[Rest of India cricket team|Rest of India]] (31 titles)
| most successful = [[Rest of India cricket team|Rest of India]] (31 titles)
| qualification = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| most runs = [[Wasim Jaffer]] (1,294)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=128;type=trophy|title=Records {{!}} Irani Cup (Irani Trophy) {{!}} Most Runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Padmakar Shivalkar]] (51)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=128;type=trophy|title=Records {{!}} Irani Cup (Irani Trophy) {{!}} Most Wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref>
| TV =
| website =
| current =[[2022–23 Irani Cup]]
}}

The '''Z.R. Irani Cup''' or simply '''Irani Trophy''', also known as the '''[[IDFC First Bank]] Irani Trophy''' due to sponsorship reasons, is a [[first-class cricket]] tournament organised by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mastercard acquires title sponsorship rights for all BCCI international and domestic home matches |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555921/mastercard-acquires-title-sponsorship-rights-for-all-bcci-international-and-domestic-home-matches&ved=2ahUKEwjptfzS16b6AhXJad4KHSr_BBEQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3mm6vHEfvESiDP4_cpq0b9 |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> It is played annually between the winners of the [[Ranji Trophy]] and a [[Rest of India cricket team]]. The Rest of India team includes players from Ranji teams of various states.

The tournament was conceived during the 1959–60 season to mark the completion of 25 years of the Ranji Trophy championship and was named after the late BCCI president Zal R. Irani, who was associated with the BCCI from its inception in 1928, till his death in 1970.

==History==
The first match, played between the Ranji Trophy champions and the [[Rest of India cricket team|Rest of India]] was played in 1959–60 with the trophy being instituted in the name of Zal Irani, long time treasurer and president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, and a keen patron of the game. For the first few years, it was played towards the end of the season. Realizing the importance of the fixture, the BCCI moved it to the beginning of the season, and from 1965–66 to 2012–13, it was traditionally heralded the start of the new domestic season. In 2013, it was moved to a date immediately after the Ranji Trophy final, resulting in there being two Irani Cup matches the 2012/13 season. The game has since remained at the end of the season, and is played shortly after the Ranji Trophy final.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mohandas |last=Menon |url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/irani-cup-history-perspective-2/97893 |title=Irani Cup: history and perspective |work=wisdenindia.com |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301172753/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/irani-cup-history-perspective-2/97893 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2022, for the first time in the history of the Irani Trophy, BCCI decided to organise two seasons of the tournament back-to-back (the [[2019–20 Irani Cup|2019–20]] and [[2022–23 Irani Cup|2022–23]] trophies), with the matches to be played at [[Rajkot]] and [[Indore]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/both-saurashtra-and-madhya-pradesh-to-play-irani-cups-in-2022-23-1332739?platform=amp | title=Both Saurashtra and Madhya Pradesh to play Irani Cups in 2022-23 | date=6 September 2022 }}</ref>

== Winners ==
The following table shows the result of Irani Trophy from 1959–60 to 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/313354.html|title=Irani Trophy}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Season !! Winner !! Result !! Against !! Host
|-
| 1959-60 ||Bombay || 1st Innings Lead
||Rest of India|| [[Karnail Singh Stadium]]
|-
| 1960-61 ||colspan=4|Not held
|-
| 1962-63 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India || [[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| 1963-64 || Bombay || Won by 109 runs || Rest of India || [[Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy Stadium]]
|-
| 1964-65 ||colspan=4| Not held
|-
| 1965-66 || Bombay / Rest of India ''(shared)'' ||
|| ||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)]]
|-
| 1966-67 || Rest of India|| 6 Wickets || Bombay
|[[Eden Gardens]]
|-
| 1967-68 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| 1968-69 || Rest of India || Won by 119 runs || Bombay
|[[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| 1969-70 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Pune Club Ground]]
|-
| 1970-71 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Eden Gardens]]
|-
| 1971-72 || Rest of India || Won by 119 runs || Bombay
|[[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| 1972-73 || Bombay || Won by 220 runs || Rest of India || [[Nehru Stadium, Pune]]
|-
| 1973-74 || Rest of India || 1st Innings Lead || Bombay || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 1974-75 || Karnataka ||1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad]]
|-
| 1975-76 || Bombay ||1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]
|-
| 1976-77 || Bombay || 10 Wickets || Rest of India
|[[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| 1977-78 || Rest of India || Innings and 168 runs || Bombay
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 1978-79 || Rest of India || 9 Wickets || Karnataka
|[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 1979-80 ||colspan=4|Not held
|-
| 1980-81 || Delhi || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| 1981-82 || Bombay ||1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Nehru Stadium, Indore]]
|-
| 1982-83 || Rest of India || 5 Wickets || Delhi || [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| 1983-84 || Karnataka ||1st Innings Lead || Rest of India || [[Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground]]
|-
| 1984-85 || Rest of India || 4 Wickets || Bombay
|[[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| 1985-86 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]
|-
| 1986-87 || Rest of India|| Innings and 232 runs|| Delhi
|[[Barkatullah Khan Stadium]]
|-
| 1987-88 || Hyderabad || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India
|[[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad]]
|-
| 1988-89 || Tamil Nadu || 3 Wickets || Rest of India
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
|-
| 1989-90 || Delhi || 309 Runs || Rest of India
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 1990-91 || Rest of India ||1st Innings Lead || Bengal || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 1991-92 || Haryana || 4 Wickets ||Rest of India || [[Nahar Singh Stadium]]
|-
| 1992-93 || Rest of India || Innings and 122 runs|| Delhi || [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| 1993-94 || Rest of India || 181 Runs || Punjab || [[Punjab Agricultural University Stadium]]
|-
| 1994-95 || Bombay || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India || [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 1995-96 || Bombay || 9 Wickets || Rest of India || [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 1996-97 || Karnataka || 5 Wickets ||Rest of India || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 1997-98 ||Mumbai|| 54 Runs || Rest of India || [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 1998-99 || Karnataka || 1st Innings Lead || Rest of India || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 1999-00 || Rest of India || Innings and 60 runs|| Karnataka || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| 2000-01 || Rest of India || 10 Wickets || Mumbai
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| 2001-02 || Rest of India || 6 Wickets || Baroda
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]
|-
| 2002-03 || Railways || 5 Wickets ||Rest of India || [[Karnail Singh Stadium]]
|-
| 2003-04 || Rest of India || 3 Wickets || Mumbai || [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]]
|-
| 2004-05 || Rest of India || 290 Runs || Mumbai
|[[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]]
|-
| 2005-06 || Railways || 9 Wickets || Rest of India
|[[Karnail Singh Stadium]]
|-
| 2006-07 || Rest of India || 9 Wickets || Uttar Pradesh
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]
|-
| 2007-08 || Rest of India || 9 Wickets || Mumbai
|[[Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground]]
|-
| 2008-09 || Rest of India || 187 Runs || Delhi
|[[Reliance Cricket Stadium]]
|-
| 2009-10 || Rest of India ||1st Innings Lead || Mumbai
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]]
|-
| 2010-11 || Rest of India || 361 Runs || Mumbai
|[[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]
|-
| 2011-12 || Rest of India || 404 Runs || Rajasthan ||[[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]
|-
| [[2012–13 Irani Cup|2012-13]] || Rest of India<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/roi-rout-rajasthan-win-irani-cup/26917| title=ROI rout Rajasthan to win Irani Cup| publisher=Wisden India| date=24 September 2012| access-date=3 October 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102739/http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/roi-rout-rajasthan-win-irani-cup/26917| archive-date=4 March 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|| Innings and 79 Runs || Rajasthan || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| [[2013 Irani Cup|2013]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/irani-cup-2012/content/current/story/604357.html| title= Irani cup 2012-13 | publisher = Cricinfo | date=10 February 2013}}</ref> || Rest of India<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/jaffer-ton-vain-rest-win-irani-cup/50210| title=Jaffer's ton in vain as Rest win Irani| publisher=Wisden India| date=10 February 2013| access-date=10 February 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000929/http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/jaffer-ton-vain-rest-win-irani-cup/50210| archive-date=4 March 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>||1st Innings Lead || Mumbai || [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| [[2013–14 Irani Cup|2013-14]] || Karnataka ||Innings and 222 runs ||Rest of India || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| [[2014–15 Irani Cup|2014-15]] || Karnataka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/irani-cup-2014-15/engine/match/776117.html|title=Irani Cup at Bengaluru, Mar 17-20 2015 - Match Summary - ESPNCricinfo|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> || 246 Runs || Rest of India || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|-
| [[2015–16 Irani Cup|2015-16]] || Rest of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/irani-cup-2015-16/engine/match/902251.html|title=Irani Cup at Mumbai, Mar 6-10 2016 - Match Summary - ESPNCricinfo|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||4 Wicket || Mumbai || [[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| [[2016-17 Irani Cup|2016-17]] ||Rest of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/irani-cup-2016-17/engine/match/1053705.html|title=Irani Cup at Mumbai, Jan 20-24 2017 - Match Summary - ESPNCricinfo|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||6 Wickets || Gujarat|| [[Brabourne Stadium]]
|-
| [[2017–18 Irani Cup|2017–18]]
||Vidarbha || 1st Innings Lead
||Rest Of India
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]]
|-
| [[2018–19 Irani Cup|2018–19]]
||Vidarbha ||1st Innings Lead ||Rest Of India
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]]
|-
| [[2019–20 Irani Cup|2019–20]]
|| Rest of India ||Won by 8 wickets || Saurashtra
||[[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]]
|-
| 2020–21 ||colspan=4|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
| [[2022–23 Irani Cup|2022–23]]
|| Rest of India ||Won by 238 runs || Madhya Pradesh || [[Captain Roop Singh Stadium]]
|-
| [[2023–24 Irani Cup|2023–24]]
|| Rest of India ||Won by 175 runs || Saurashtra || [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]]
|}

=== Appearances by team ===
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Team !!Appearances !! Win !! Loss !!Draw!! Last win !! Last Appearance
|-
| Rest of India || 59 || 26 || 25 || 8 || 2023 || 2023
|-
| Mumbai (Bombay)|| 29 || 12 || 12 || 5 || 1997 || 2016
|-
| Karnataka || 8 || 6 || 2 || 0 || 2014 ||2015
|-
| Delhi || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 1989 || 2008
|-
| Railways || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0|| 2005 || 2005
|-
|Vidarbha || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2|| - || 2019
|-
|Rajasthan || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0|| - ||2012
|-
|Hyderabad || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0|| 1987 || 1987
|-
|Tamil Nadu || 1 || 1 || 0 ||0 || 1988 || 1988
|-
| Haryana || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0|| 1991 || 1991
|-
| Bengal || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || - || 1990
|-
| Punjab || 1 ||0 || 1 || 0|| - || 1993
|-
| Baroda || 1 || 0 || 1 ||0 || - || 2001
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || - || 2006
|-
| Gujarat || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || - || 2017
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 1 || 0|| 1 || 0 || - || 2023
|}

== Broadcasters ==
BCCI's official broadcasters [[Sports18]], [[JioCinema]] air it live on TV and internet respectively. BCCI's website bcci.tv airs match highlights and scores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irani Cup live streaming info... |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/irani-cup-2023-live-streaming-madhya-pradesh-vs-rest-of-india-tv-channel-squads/article66555955.ece/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwi8moXOxL39AhU_9zgGHVUbAfoQtwJ6BAg9EAE&usg=AOvVaw3zIsTFR0JGMEltwcs7QexE |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]| date=28 February 2023 }}</ref>

==References==

<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2003/sep/18irani1.htm A brief history of the Irani Trophy]
*[http://www.bcci.tv BCCI Official website]
*[http://www.sport195.com/leagues/irani_trophy_11061 Irani Trophy on SPORT195]
*[https://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/search2.cgi Index of all Irani Trophy matches at CricketArchive]

{{Irani Cup}}
{{Cricket in India}}
{{First-class Cricket Domestic Competitions}}

[[Category:Irani Cup| ]]
[[Category:Indian domestic cricket competitions]]
[[Category:First-class cricket competitions]]
{{India-stub}}

{{cricket-competition-stub}}

Karpal Singh

2023-10-02T02:50:50Z

Maithili: sectioning, npov

{{short description|Former Malaysian politician and lawyer}}
{{distinguish|Kirpal Singh}}
{{about|the Malaysian politician and lawyer|the seaside promenade in Penang|Karpal Singh Drive}}
{{Indian name|Karpal Singh|Ram Singh|note=on}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Malay styles and titles#Honorary styles|Yang Berbahagia]] [[Malay styles and titles#State titles|Dato' Seri Utama]]
| honorific_suffix = [[List of post-nominal letters (Penang)|DUPN]]
| name = Karpal Singh
| native_name = {{nobold|ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ}}
| native_name_lang = pa
| image = Karpal Singh.jpg
| caption = Karpal in [[Kuching]] in 2011.
| office = 3rd National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party]]
| term_start = 4 September 2004
| term_end = 29 March 2014
| 1blankname = Secretary-General
| 1namedata = [[Lim Guan Eng]]
| predecessor = [[Lim Kit Siang]]
| successor = [[Tan Kok Wai]]
| parliament2 = Malaysian
| constituency_MP2 = [[Bukit Gelugor]]
| term_start2 = 21 March 2004
| term_end2 = 17 April 2014
| majority2 =
| predecessor2 = ''Position established''
| successor2 = [[Ramkarpal Singh]]
| parliament3 = Malaysian
| constituency_MP3 = [[Jelutong]]
| term_start3 = 31 July 1978
| term_end3 = 29 November 1999
| predecessor3 = Rasiah Rajasingam
| successor3 = Lee Kah Choon
| birth_name = Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo
| birth_date = 28 June 1940
| birth_place = [[George Town, Penang]], [[Straits Settlements]] (now [[Malaysia]])
| residence = [[Bukit Damansara|Damansara Heights]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|4|17|1940|6|28|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Gua Tempurung]], [[Perak]], Malaysia
| spouse = Gurmit Kaur (1970–2014, his death)
| children = [[Jagdeep Singh Deo]] [[Gobind Singh Deo]] [[Ramkarpal Singh]] Sangeet Kaur Deo Mankarpal Singh
| parents = Ram Singh Deo (father) Kartar Kaur (mother)
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Lawyer
| relations =
| party = [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (1970–2014)
| alma_mater = [[National University of Singapore]]
| blank1 = Other name
| data1 = Tiger of Jelutong
| blank2 = Ethnicity
| data2 = [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]
| blank3 = Education
| data3 = [[St. Xavier's Institution]], [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], Penang
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

[[Malay styles and titles#State titles|Dato' Seri Utama]] '''Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo''' ({{lang-pa|ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ|Karpāl Siṅgh}}; 28 June 1940 – 17 April 2014) was an [[Indian Malaysian]] politician and lawyer. He was [[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for the constituency of [[Bukit Gelugor]] in the state of [[Penang]] from [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]] to 2014. During that time, he was also the National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP).<ref>Zurairi AR (18 April 2014). [http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/10-things-about-karpal-singh-the-tiger-of-jelutong 10 things about: Karpal Singh, The Tiger of Jelutong] ''[[The Malay Mail]]''. Retrieved on 21 April 2014.</ref>

Born in Penang to [[Sikh]] [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Malaysian Indian|Indian]] immigrant parents, Karpal studied law at the [[National University of Singapore]]. He was one of Malaysia's most prominent lawyers and took a number of high-profile cases, including drug-trafficking charges against foreign nationals. Karpal was an opponent of the death penalty, especially for drug trafficking.

In the courtroom and Parliament, he was a controversial figure. Karpal was suspended from Parliament several times, charged with [[sedition]] and detained under Malaysia's [[Internal Security Act (Malaysia)|internal-security law]]. His reputation as a lawyer and opposition politician gave him the nickname "the Tiger of Jelutong".

Karpal's political career began in 1970 (when he joined the DAP), and he won a seat in the [[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]] in [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]. He was elected to Parliament in [[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]] as representative for [[Jelutong|Jelutong, Penang]], and held the seat for more than 20 years until he lost it in [[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]. Karpal returned to Parliament in the next general election, and led the DAP to its strongest-ever performance in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008 general election]]. A 2005 motor-vehicle accident put Karpal in a wheelchair, with neuro-motor problems in his right arm, but he continued his legal and political careers. He died on 17 April 2014 after another motor-vehicle accident.

==Early life and education==
Born in [[George Town, Penang|Georgetown]], [[Penang]], Karpal was the son of [[security guard|watchman]] and [[herder|herdsman]] Ram Singh Deo.<ref name="roaring">{{cite news |title=This Tiger's still roaring |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/7/25/lifefocus/6713036&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726004855/http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F7%2F25%2Flifefocus%2F6713036&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2010 |last1=Vengadesan |first1=Martin |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="birthday tribute">{{cite news|title=A Birthday Tribute to DAP National Chairman Karpal Singh |date=July 2010 |pages=7–10 |publisher=[[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] |work=The Rocket |issn=1823-8424}}</ref> His mother was Kartar Kaur.

Karpal studied at [[St. Xavier's Institution]]<ref name="birthday tribute"/><ref name="sueking"/> and received his [[Bachelor of Laws]] from the [[National University of Singapore]],<ref name="roaring"/> where he was president of the student union.<ref name="birthday tribute"/> He was barred from his hostel for protesting the university's decision to mandate certificates of political suitability for incoming students.<ref name="birthday tribute"/> Karpal said he took seven years to graduate, admitting that he was "playful" and "didn't attend lectures".<ref name="roaring"/> After failing his final-year courses, the dean made him sit at the front of his classes; according to Karpal, "I couldn't play the fool anymore and I passed my exams accordingly!"<ref name="roaring"/>

==Legal career==
He was called to the Penang bar in 1969 and joined a firm in [[Alor Star]], [[Kedah]].<ref name="birthday tribute"/><ref name="sueking">{{cite journal |last1=Vatikiotis |first1=Michael |year=1993 |title=A Malaysian who dared sue a king |journal=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]] |volume=156 |issue=20 |pages=78 |url=http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Prince-of-patronage-shares-row-spotlights-controversial-Indian-leader.html |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> Karpal founded his legal firm the following year,<ref name="pillar">{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/9/10/lifefocus/20060909190214&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100118/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F9%2F10%2Flifefocus%2F20060909190214&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |title=His pillar of strength |date=10 September 2006 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> and was known for his expertise in the field of [[litigation]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm |title=Karpal Singh |publisher=[[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230150557/http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm |archive-date=30 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a pioneer in [[drug trafficking]] and [[habeas corpus]] cases, and opposed the [[death penalty]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=4608&Itemid=332|title = A tribute to Karpal Singh (1940–2014); Malaysian Bar|last = Sharmila|first = Joane|date = April–June 2014|journal = Praxis|access-date = 10 August 2014}}</ref> Karpal was praised for "defending the little man",<ref name="sueking"/> and was called "a friend to the oppressed and marginalised."<ref name="durable">{{cite news |title=Durable and obdurate |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/7/25/lifefocus/6712597&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622045712/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F7%2F25%2Flifefocus%2F6712597&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 June 2011 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=25 July 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] law professor [[Shad Saleem Faruqi]] praised Karpal's legal team for their innovative interpretations, which helped defendants with difficult cases.<ref name="durable"/>

===Death penalty===
Karpal was described as a leading opponent of the death penalty in Malaysia,<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=About Karpal Singh |url=http://www.lrwc.org/campaign/malaysia1.php |publisher=Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114174606/http://www.lrwc.org/campaign/malaysia1.php |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and successfully defended at least ten foreigners on serious drug charges (which have a mandatory death sentence).<ref name="sueking"/> However, in July 2010 he called for convicted [[Child sexual abuse|child rapists]] to receive the death sentence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal cadang perogol kanak-kanak dihukum mati |url=http://malaysiakini.com/news/138852 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |language=ms |date=31 July 2010 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007100604/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/138852 |archive-date=7 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Among Karpal's highest-profile cases were his defence of Australian drug trafficker Kevin Barlow, who was [[Barlow and Chambers execution|executed]] in Malaysia in 1986.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1986/jul/07/fromthearchive |title=Brian Chambers and Kevin Barlow executed in Malaysia |last1=Hiett |first1=Peter |date=7 July 1986 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> Barlow and fellow Australian Brian Chambers were convicted of trafficking heroin by the [[High Courts of Malaysia|High Court in Penang]] in July 1985,<ref>{{cite news |title=No effort spared' in bid to save heroin convicts |last=Dover |first=Bruce |date=28 July 1985 |newspaper=[[The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)|The Sunday Mail]]}}</ref> and Karpal continued fighting to clear Barlow's name after his execution.<ref name="hangman">{{cite news |title=The man who fought the hangman |last=Petersen |first=Don |date=6 November 1986 |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]]}}</ref> Karpal also defended New Zealanders Lorraine Cohen and her son, Aaron, against heroin-trafficking charges in 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lorraine's long, lonely wait on Malaysia's death row |last=Baker |first=M. |date=8 September 1988 |newspaper=[[Herald Sun]]}}</ref> They were convicted, with Lorraine sentenced to death and Aaron to life in prison. Lorraine's death sentence was [[Commutation (law)|commuted]] to life imprisonment in 1989, and both were pardoned and freed in 1996.<ref>{{cite news |title=Penang pardons NZ drug traffickers |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=27 May 1996}}</ref> In 1977, Karpal managed to persuade the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] to pardon a 14-year-old Chinese boy who was sentenced to death for possession of a firearm under the [[Internal Security Act 1960|Internal Security Act]], reportedly suggesting that to let the boy hang would be "politically explosive."<ref name="sueking"/>

===Anwar Ibrahim===
Karpal represented former Deputy Prime Minister [[Anwar Ibrahim]] during Anwar's 1998 [[Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials|sodomy trial]].<ref name="far east">{{cite book |title=The Far East and Australasia, 2003 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85743-133-9 |edition=34 |pages=770}}</ref> In September 1999, he produced a pathological report confirming high levels of [[arsenic]] in Anwar's body and accused authorities of poisoning him: "It could well be that someone out there wants to get rid of him ... even to the extent of murder ... I suspect people in high places are responsible for this situation."<ref name="about"/> The accusation led to Karpal's detention under the [[Sedition Act 1948|Sedition Act]] in January 2000.<ref name="tribute"/>

He was the lead defence counsel in Anwar's second sodomy trial, after new allegations in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anwar applies for new trial and judge |author=Irdiani Mohd Salleh |date=3 June 2011 |at=Local p. 14}}</ref> After a two-year trial, Anwar was acquitted on 10 January 2012;<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia's Anwar acquitted |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/malaysias-anwar-acquitted-20120109-1pryd.html |work=[[The Age]] |date=10 January 2012 |first=Tom |last=Allard |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> however, the acquittal was overturned two years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26479642|title=Malaysia jails Anwar Ibrahim for five years for sodomy|date=7 March 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Entry into politics===
Karpal joined the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP) in 1970, citing its multiracial [[Party platform|platform]] after the [[13 May Incident|1969 race riots]].<ref name="roaring"/><ref name="At 70">{{cite news |title=At 70, Karpal says won't close shop |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/at-70-karpal-says-wont-close-shop/ |author=Shazwan Mustafa Kamal |date=28 June 2010 |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |access-date=30 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703082804/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/at-70-karpal-says-wont-close-shop/ |archive-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref> Although he planned to contest the [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974 general election]] in [[Penang]], he withdrew after his father's death. However, Karpal was persuaded by DAP national organising secretary [[Fan Yew Teng]] to stand for the [[Alor Setar]] parliamentary seat and the Alor Setar Bandar [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah|state seat]].<ref name="roaring"/> He won only the state seat, the first DAP candidate to win a seat in [[Kedah]].<ref name="karpal">{{cite web |title=Karpal Singh |url=http://www.karpalsingh.net/ |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103134614/http://www.karpalsingh.net/ |archive-date=3 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[1978 Malaysian general election|1978 general elections]], Karpal won the [[Jelutong]] parliamentary seat and the [[Bukit Gelugor]] [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang|state seat]]. He held the Bukit Gelugor state seat until 1990, losing subsequent elections for the [[Sungai Pinang]] and [[Padang Kota]] seats.

In 1989, Karpal accused Deputy Speaker D. P. Vijandran of appearing in pornographic videos.<ref>{{cite news |title=Porn row |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=22 December 1989 |page=8}}</ref> Although the allegations were dismissed due to lack of evidence, Vijandran resigned the following year.<ref name="lewd">{{cite news |title=Tape shows former Deputy Speaker in lewd acts: DAP |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |author=Kalimullah Hassan |date=21 July 1992}}</ref> In 1992, Karpal produced the alleged videotape in Parliament and gave it to Deputy Speaker [[Ong Tee Keat]].<ref name="lewd"/> Vijandran was convicted in May 1994 of fabricating evidence in an affidavit seeking a court order to stop his nephew from allegedly distributing pornographic videotapes in which he appeared,<ref>{{cite news |title=Former MIC leader in sex-tape case weds in India |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=10 June 1995}}</ref> but the conviction was overturned in 1998.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijandran acquitted on perjury charge after appeal |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=25 August 1998 |page=6}}</ref> In 2000, Karpal was ordered to pay Vijandran [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]500,000 (reduced to RM100,000 on appeal) in damages for defamation after he accused Vijandran of [[cheque fraud]].<ref>{{cite news |title=RM900,000 in damages for Vijandran |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijandran-Karpal Singh suit: Damages reduced to RM100,000 |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=4 August 2000 |author=Ruslaini Abbas}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Wilderness}}Setback===
In the 1999 election, Karpal lost the Jelutong parliamentary seat he had held for 21 years, and DAP leader [[Lim Kit Siang]] was also defeated.<ref name="far east"/> The DAP had joined [[Barisan Alternatif]], an opposition alliance with [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat|Parti Keadilan]] and the [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS) (a move strongly supported by Karpal and Lim).<ref>{{cite news |title=Kit Siang: I will not cling to post |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=9 December 1999 |at=National p. 10}}</ref> Despite the ruling [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) coalition's significant losses in the election, Keadilan and PAS absorbed the gains as DAP support eroded due to suspicion of PAS and its hard-line Islamic stance.<ref name="Karpal on the DAP">{{cite news |title=Karpal on the DAP |url=http://www.thenutgraph.com/karpal-on-the-dap/ |last1=Loh |first1=Deborah |date=1 February 2010 |publisher=The Nut Graph |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> Although the DAP gained seats, the party performed well below expectations and Lim called the results a "catastrophic defeat".<ref>{{cite news |title=Out: Kit Siang as DAP chief |last=Pereira |first=Brendan |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=3 December 1999}}</ref> Despite the setback, Karpal remained as party deputy chairman and Lim became chairman after the resignation of long-serving chairman [[Chen Man Hin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kit Siang quits as sec-gen of DAP, elected chairman |author1=Patvinder Singh |author2=Abdul Razak Ahmad |date=3 December 1999 |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |page=1}}</ref> Karpal strongly opposed a PAS plan to introduce [[hudud]] (Islamic codes of behavior) into the [[Terengganu]] state legal system in 1999, threatening to take the state government to court.<ref>{{cite news |title=DAP to take Pas to court if hudud is implemented |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=3 December 1999 |last=Chong |first=Chee Seong |at=National p. 10}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Return to parliament}}Return to Parliament===
In the [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004 general election]], Karpal returned to [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] with a 1,261-vote majority in the new [[Bukit Gelugor]] seat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results 2004: Penang |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/05/05p.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109063938/http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/05/05p.html |archive-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The DAP regained its position as the largest opposition party in Parliament,<ref>{{cite web |title=Election 2004 Results |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/results.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108011020/http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/results.html |archive-date=8 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Karpal became the party's national chairman on 4 September 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Guan Eng is DAP leader |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/29742 |date=4 September 2004 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

On 7 September, he was sanctioned for "misleading Parliament" after claiming that MPs had to raise their right hand while they took the oath of office on 17 May. A report by the Parliamentary Rights and Privileges Committee gave Karpal three days to apologise or face a six-month suspension.<ref name="bio"/><ref>{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=Malaysia |url=http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-07092004.pdf |title=Penyata Rasmi Parlimen|house=[[Dewan Rakyat]] |date=7 September 2004 |column=102 |speaker=Lim Si Cheng |position=Deputy Speaker}}</ref> He refused to apologise, and served the suspension.<ref name="mpinexile">{{cite news |title='MP-in-exile' Karpal will not apologise |url=http://www3.malaysiakini.com/news/29820 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |date=7 September 2004 |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721114924/http://www3.malaysiakini.com/news/29820 |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal Singh willing to serve out suspension |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=10 September 2004 |at=Nation}}</ref>

==={{anchor|"Political tsunami"}}Victories and controversy===
[[File:SSetev.jpg|thumb|right|250px|alt=A seated Karpal with four other people|Karpal Singh (seated on the left) holding a press conference in the parliament building with Shaariibuu Setev, the father of [[Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa|Altantuya Shaariibuu]]]]
Karpal retained his seat in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008 election]] with a nearly-20-fold-vote increased majority (21,015 votes).<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results 2008: Penang |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results/05/05p.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327050113/http://thestar.com.my/election/results/05/05p.html |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The election saw historic gains for the opposition, who denied the ruling coalition [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) a two-thirds majority in Parliament for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia PM rejects calls to quit |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7285864.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=9 March 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

The three major opposition parties formed a coalition
(the [[Pakatan Rakyat]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=PKR, PAS, DAP to form Pakatan Rakyat |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/1/nation/20080401134152&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506115800/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F4%2F1%2Fnation%2F20080401134152&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2008 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=1 April 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> and Karpal was listed as the DAP representative on the coalition's [[Shadow Cabinet|Shadow Ministry]] of Home Affairs Committee in July 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakatan forms shadow parliamentary committees |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/2/nation/20090702193646&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705081305/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F7%2F2%2Fnation%2F20090702193646&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 July 2009 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=2 July 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref>

In April 2010, he was suspended from Parliament for ten days after he called the speaker a "dictator".<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal booted out for calling speaker a dictator |url=http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/new-straits-times/mi_8016/is_20100408/karpal-booted-calling-speaker-dictator/ai_n53071043/ |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=8 April 2010 |publisher=FindArticles.com |author=V. Vasudevan |access-date=9 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In December of that year, he and opposition MPs [[Anwar Ibrahim]], [[Azmin Ali]] and [[Sivarasa Rasiah]] were suspended for six months. Anwar was suspended for stirring up [[APCO Worldwide#Malaysia|controversy]] over government links to [[APCO Worldwide]], while the rest were punished for publicising a report by the Rights and Privileges Committee finding Anwar guilty before the report was presented to Parliament.<ref name="contempt">{{cite news |title=Anwar, three Pakatan MPs, suspended for six months |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/12/16/nation/20101216103951&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217033117/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F12%2F16%2Fnation%2F20101216103951&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=16 December 2010 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref>

In December 2011, Karpal and Penang second deputy chief minister [[P. Ramasamy]] feuded over Ramasamy's reported accusation that dissidents in the DAP were plotting against him for not giving them projects and favours. Karpal called Ramasamy a "warlord" and asked for him to resign as deputy chief minister.<ref name="warlord">{{cite news |title=Karpal wants Ramasamy to quit over plot allegations |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/karpal-wants-ramasamy-to-quit-over-plot-allegations |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=24 December 2011 |first=Hong Chieh |last=Yow |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108073216/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/karpal-wants-ramasamy-to-quit-over-plot-allegations |archive-date=8 January 2012 }}</ref> Ramasamy asked the party to remove its "godfathers", an apparent reference to Karpal.<ref name="warlord"/> The feud was resolved internally, and Ramasamy later denied ever making the accusation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramasamy blames The Star for latest row with Karpal |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ramasamy-blames-the-star-for-latest-row-with-karpal |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=26 December 2011 |author=Lisa J. Ariffin |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107155637/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ramasamy-blames-the-star-for-latest-row-with-karpal |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref> At the DAP national conference in January 2012, Karpal joined Ramasamy and asked the party's "warlords and godfathers [to] stand together against Barisan Nasional."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal, Ramasamy end feud |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/1/8/nation/20120108120522&sec=nation |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721095951/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/1/8/nation/20120108120522&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2012 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=8 January 2012 |first=Regina |last=Lee |access-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref>

==Political views==
Karpal Singh cited [[David Saul Marshall]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[John F. Kennedy]] as influences. The [[13 May Incident]] convinced him that Malaysia needed to take a multiracial course, and he joined the DAP in 1970. Karpal praised the country's first prime minister, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]] for promoting racial unity.<ref name="roaring"/> He criticised the legal immunity granted to the hereditary Malay rulers in the original [[Constitution of Malaysia|constitution]], which was [[1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia|removed]] by the government in 1993.<ref name="sueking"/><ref>{{cite news |title=All in the name of fair distribution of power |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Columns/2422273/Article/index_html |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=8 December 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208214756/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Columns/2422273/Article/index_html |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref>

Karpal Singh opposed the idea of Malaysia as an [[Islamic state]], arguing that the constitution provided for a secular nation with Islam as the official religion, and clashed with Mahathir and the fellow opposition party [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]] over the issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=No Islamic state for DAP, says Karpal |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/no-islamic-state-for-dap-says-karpal/ |author=Shazwan Mustafa Kamal |date=10 June 2010 |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |access-date=30 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103073319/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/no-islamic-state-for-dap-says-karpal/ |archive-date=3 January 2011 }}</ref> Karpal said "an Islamic state over my dead body" about the debate during a political speech,<ref name="roaring"/> but later said that he apologised for the remark.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal raps two NST journalists |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/2011/06/15/karpal-raps-two-nst-journalists/ |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=15 June 2011 |author=G. Vinod |access-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618012803/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/2011/06/15/karpal-raps-two-nst-journalists/ |archive-date=18 June 2011 }}</ref>

==Reputation==
Karpal was a controversial figure, and he and fellow DAP politician Lim Kit Siang were called racial provocateurs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Musa |first=M. Bakri |title=Towards A Competitive Malaysia |year=2007 |publisher=Strategic Information and Research Development Centre |location=Petaling Jaya |isbn=978-983-3782-20-8|pages=79 }}</ref> He was nicknamed "the Tiger of Jelutong" by admirers after serving five terms as Jelutong MP.<ref name="walk">{{cite news |title=I will walk again |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2006/9/10/lifefocus/15373198&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100113/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F9%2F10%2Flifefocus%2F15373198&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |date=26 September 2006 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> Karpal attributed the nickname to a confrontation with former [[Malaysian Indian Congress]] President [[Samy Vellu]] when he said to Samy, "he could be the lion, and I could be the tiger, because there are no lions in Malaysia!"<ref name="roaring"/>

===Controversies===
He clashed with government parliamentarians and assemblymen during debates. On two occasions in the Penang State Assembly, the speaker called police to have Karpal removed from the chamber.<ref name="hangman"/> Karpal ordered the police officers out both times, saying that they had no right to be there before walking out on his own.<ref name="hangman"/>

He criticised the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] in the [[Dewan Rakyat]] for allegedly assaulting two men who were brought to the palace by police, which sparked demands for an apology from members of Parliament; Karpal refused.<ref name="hangman"/> Karpal filed a lawsuit against the king, [[Iskandar of Johor]], in 1986 on behalf of one of the men. He lost, and the sultan reportedly named one of his dogs after him.<ref name="sueking"/>

Karpal served two six-month suspensions from Parliament: in September 2004 for "misleading" Parliament,<ref name="mpinexile"/> and in December 2010 for contempt.<ref name="contempt"/> During a May 2008 session, he called fellow parliamentarian [[Bung Mokhtar Radin]] the "[[Bigfoot]] from [[Kinabatangan]]".<ref name="zoo">{{cite news |title=Dewan turns into a 'zoo' over seating position, name-calling |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/5/1/nation/21116600&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150043/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F5%2F1%2Fnation%2F21116600&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=1 May 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> Moments later, Karpal was mocked by [[Ibrahim Ali (Malaysia)|Ibrahim Ali]] and [[Bung Moktar Radin]] for his inability to stand while speaking (provoking a furore among opposition MPs).<ref name="zoo"/> The following month, he received a death threat in the form of a bullet delivered to his law firm.<ref name="threat">{{cite news |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080521194237/1 |title=Dewan Dispatches: The Tiger bites the bullet |author=Azmi Anshar |date=21 May 2008 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608053005/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080521194237/1 |archive-date=8 June 2008}}</ref> In October, Karpal was suspended from Parliament for two days for calling Speaker [[Pandikar Amin Mulia]] "not serious" and "playful".<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal slapped with two-day suspension |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/91794 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |date=23 October 2008 |author=Rahmah Ghazali |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

===Detentions===
He and a number of other opposition politicians were detained without trial under the [[Internal Security Act 1960|Internal Security Act]] during [[Operation Lalang]] in October 1987 for inciting "racial tension" in Malaysia.<ref name="tribute">{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=New South Wales |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20020618035 |house=[[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]] |date=18 June 2002 |speaker=[[Paul Gibson (politician)|Paul Gibson]] |column=3263 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304130748/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20020618035 |archivedate=4 March 2008 }}</ref> Karpal was released for several hours in March 1988 in response to a [[habeas corpus]] application before being rearrested and imprisoned until January 1989.<ref name="sueking"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia suspends top judge who criticized Prime Minister |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=7 June 1988}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] called him a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref name="tribute"/>

===Sedition trials===
Karpal, four other opposition politicians and the editor of the ''Harakah Daily'' (the newspaper published by the opposition [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]]) were arrested in January 2000 under the [[Sedition Act 1948|Sedition Act]],<ref name="far east"/> and he was charged with making seditious remarks in court during Anwar's first corruption trial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opposition leaders, editor arrested |agency=[[Bernama]] |date=14 January 2000 |publisher=BBC Summary of World Broadcasts |at=FE/D3737/S1}}</ref> This, the only known charge of sedition in any [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] country brought against a lawyer for remarks made in court in defence of a client,<ref name="about"/> was dropped in 2002.<ref name="about"/><ref name="charged">{{cite news |title=Karpal to be charged for sedition against Perak Sultan |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/16/nation/20090316200620&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320065155/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F3%2F16%2Fnation%2F20090316200620&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 March 2009 |last1=Charles |first1=Lourdes |last2=Lee |first2=Yuk Peng |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=16 March 2009 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref>

He was again charged under the Sedition Act in March 2009 with threatening to sue the [[Sultan of Perak]], [[Sultan Azlan Shah]], in the wake of the [[2009 Perak constitutional crisis]]. Karpal had contended that the sultan had exceeded his constitutional powers in appointing [[Zambry Abdul Kadir]] [[Chief Ministers in Malaysia|Menteri Besar]].<ref name="charged"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysian MP on sedition charges |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7947461.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> The charges were dismissed in June 2010 after the [[High Courts of Malaysia|High Court]] determined that the prosecution had failed to prove a ''[[prima facie]]'' case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal Singh acquitted of sedition against Sultan of Perak |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/6/11/nation/20100611153445&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614101919/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F6%2F11%2Fnation%2F20100611153445&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 June 2010 |author1=Nurbaiti Hamdan |last2=Goh |first2=Lisa |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> However, the [[Court of Appeal of Malaysia|Court of Appeal]] reversed the acquittal in January 2012 and ordered Karpal to enter a defence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Appeal Court reverses Karpal's sedition acquittal, orders defence |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/appeal-court-reverses-karpals-sedition-acquittal-orders-defence/ |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=20 January 2012 |first=Clara |last=Chooi |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122224048/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/appeal-court-reverses-karpals-sedition-acquittal-orders-defence |archive-date=22 January 2012 }}</ref> In March 2019, 10 years after the incident the Federal Court acquitted Karpal posthumously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/29/federal-court-posthumously-acquits-karpal-singh-of-sedition/1737749|title=Federal Court posthumously acquits Karpal Singh of sedition (VIDEO) {{!}} Malay Mail|last1=Lim|first1=Ida|last2=Moses|first2=Lazareen Thaveethu|website=www.malaymail.com|date=29 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==

===Family===
[[File:KARPAL SINGH - OIL PAINTING.jpg|thumb|alt=Oil painting of a smiling Karpal|Oil portrait of Karpal]]
Karpal married Gurmit Kaur, eight years his junior, in July 1970. Gurmit's family, from [[Narathiwat]], [[Thailand]], moved to Penang when she was seven.<ref name="roaring"/><ref name="pillar"/> They had five children and eleven grandchildren.<ref name="pillar"/> Karpal's eldest son, [[Jagdeep Singh Deo|Jagdeep]], is the [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang|Penang State Assemblyman]] for [[Datok Keramat (state constituency)|Datok Keramat]]; his second son, [[Gobind Singh Deo|Gobind]], was the [[Minister of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)|Minister of Communications and Multimedia]] and is the [[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]], [[Selangor]]. His third son, [[Ramkarpal Singh|Ramkarpal]] succeeded him as the MP for [[Bukit Gelugor (federal constituency)|Bukit Gelugor]] after his death. His daughter, Sangeet Kaur works in his law firm and his youngest son, Man Karpal studied [[actuarial science]].<ref name="roaring"/>

Gurmit described Karpal's detention from 1987 to 1989 as a "very big experience", which took a toll on her life because she had to "be strong" for their young children.<ref name="durable"/> The initial stage of his disability also deeply upset her.<ref name="pillar"/> Karpal and Gurmit lived in [[Damansara Heights]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], from 1994 until his death.<ref name="pillar"/>

===Accident and disability===
On 28 January 2005, Karpal was involved in an accident which left him in a wheelchair. A car struck a taxi in which he was seated from behind, severely bruising his [[thoracic vertebrae]]. The accident left Karpal with sensory impairment and reduced motor strength, and he was unable to walk or raise his right arm more than a few centimeters.<ref name="pillar"/><ref name="walk"/><ref name="threat"/> His seat in the parliamentary chamber was moved to the back row to accommodate his wheelchair.<ref name="walk"/>

===Death===
[[File:Karpalacident.jpg|thumb|alt=Smashed white minivan|Karpal's minivan after the accident]]
In the early hours of 17 April 2014, Karpal died in a car crash on the [[North–South Expressway Northern Route|North–South Expressway E1]] near Gua Tempurung, Perak. His personal assistant, Michael Cornelius, was also killed in the accident. Ramkarpal (Karpal's son and one of the minivan's five occupants) and an Indonesian maid believed to have been employed by Karpal were injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal killed in car crash|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/karpal-killed-in-car-crash/|access-date=17 April 2014|newspaper=Free Malaysia Today|date=17 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417155355/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/karpal-killed-in-car-crash/|archive-date=17 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The driver of the minivan was injured as well. Karpal's [[Toyota Alphard]] collided with the right side of a slow-moving, five-tonne [[Mitsubishi Fuso Canter|Mitsubishi Canter]] lorry carrying cement, steel, and tiles. Although the lorry driver (identified as Abu Mansor Mohd) tested positive for cannabis, it was uncertain if he was under influence at the time of the accident.<ref name="Karpal killed in car crash">{{cite news|title=Karpal killed in car crash|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/lorry-driver-had-traces-of-cannabis/|access-date=17 April 2014|newspaper=Free Malaysia Today|date=17 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013657/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/lorry-driver-had-traces-of-cannabis/|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Bukit Aman traffic-police chief [[Senior assistant commissioner|SAC]] Mohd Fuad Abdul Latiff, road conditions and the weather were good at the time of the accident.<ref name="Karpal killed in car crash"/>

Karpal's funeral was held on 20 April 2014 with full state honors in Penang, attended by his Family, Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] and other mourners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full state honour at Indo-Malaysian leader Karpal Singh's funeral|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/full-state-honour-at-indo-malaysian-leader-karpal-singhs-funeral/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
His body reached the Batu Gantong Crematorium, George Town, Penang at 1:35 pm and was cremated after thousands of mourners chanted his name.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal Singh cremated after emotional farewell|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/04/20/Karpal-Singh-cremated-after-emotional-farewell/|last=Chow|first=Tan Sin|date=20 April 2014|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> His son, Gobind, memorialised him on 5 May during the last of a series of tributes.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Malaysia where all Malaysians are equal, that's the perfect tribute to Karpal, says Gobind|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/a-malaysia-where-all-malaysians-are-equal-thats-the-perfect-tribute-to-karp|url-status=dead|last=Sue-Chern|first=Looi|work=[[The Malaysian Insider]]|date=6 May 2014|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509080240/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/a-malaysia-where-all-malaysians-are-equal-thats-the-perfect-tribute-to-karp|archive-date=9 May 2014}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Memorials|Karpal Singh Drive|Biography|Awards and accolades}}Memorials, awards and accolades==
On 19 April 2014, two days after his death, the IJM Promenade in Lebuh Sungai Pinang was renamed [[Karpal Singh Drive]] (Persiaran Karpal Singh).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/04/20/penang-promenade-to-be-named-karpal-singh-drive/|title=Penang promenade to be named Karpal Singh Drive|date=20 April 2014|work=The Star|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> ''The Full Biography: Karpal Singh, Tiger of Jelutong'' by Tim Donoghue, published in 2014 by Marshal Cavendish International, is an updated edition of Donoghue's ''Karpal Singh: Tiger of Jelutong'' which published prior to his death.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Karpal Singh: Tiger of Jelutong|last = Donoghue|first = Tim|publisher = Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|year = 2013|isbn = 9789814516709|location = Singapore|pages = 361}}</ref> Karpal received the Glory of India Award of Excellence in 2011, and was one of the top 10 NRI Newsmakers of 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=3 August 2016|title=Karpal Singh Ram Singh v Public Prosecutor|url=http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/directory/judgment/file/KarpalSingh-W-05(S)66-03-2014.pdf|journal=Criminal Appeal No: W-05-78-03/2014|access-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919002403/http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/directory/judgment/file/KarpalSingh-W-05(S)66-03-2014.pdf|archive-date=19 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshow/3903535.cms|title=The Top 10 NRI Newsmakers of 2008|date=28 December 2008|access-date=8 August 2016|via=The Economic Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215031945/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshow/3903535.cms|archive-date=15 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honours==
* {{Flag|Penang}} :
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[List of post-nominal letters (Penang)|Order of the Defender of State]] (DUPN) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2020–posthumously)<ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star Online]]|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/12/15/karpal-singh-heads-penang-awards-list|title=The late Karpal Singh heads Penang awards list}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/12/15/penang-gives-karpal-singh-posthumous-award-bearing-datuk-seri-title/1932112|title=Penang gives Karpal Singh posthumous award bearing Datuk Seri title}}</ref>

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ '''[[Dewan Rakyat|Parliament of Malaysia]]'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE-12 |url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=semak.spr.gov.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM - PARLIMEN |url=http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/keputusan/paparan/5_KeputusanDR.php?kod=05100 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=resultpru13.spr.gov.my}}</ref>
!|Year
!|Constituency
!colspan=2|
!|Votes
!|Pct
!colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
|[[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]
|'''[[Alor Setar (federal constituency)|Alor Setar]]'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|Karpal Singh Ram Singh}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|align="right" |9,450
|41.32%
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''Oo Gin Sun''' '''([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])'''
|align="right" |'''13,420'''
|'''58.68%'''
|23,939
|3,970
|61.24%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]]
|rowspan=8|'''[[Jelutong (federal constituency)|Jelutong]]'''
|rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|rowspan=2| {{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|rowspan=2 align="right" |'''23,606'''
|rowspan=2|'''51.33%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Lee Him ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |19,985
|43.45%
|rowspan=2|47,308
|rowspan=2|3,621
|rowspan=2|
|-
|{{Party shading/Independent}} |
|Yeap Ghim Guan ([[Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)|SDP]])
|align="right" |2,401
|5.22%
|-
|[[1982 Malaysian general election|1982]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''29,099'''
|'''55.21%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Ooi Ean Kwong ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |23,603
|44.79%
|53,870
|5,496
|75.77%
|-
|[[1986 Malaysian general election|1986]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''25,932'''
|'''62.09%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|[[Lim Boo Chang]] ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |15,833
|37.91%
|42,723
|10,099
|71.34%
|-
|[[1990 Malaysian general election|1990]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''27,426'''
|'''60.05%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Ooi Ean Kwong ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |18,248
|39.95%
|46,515
|9,178
|74.87%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1995 Malaysian general election|1995]]
|rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|rowspan=2|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|rowspan=2 align="right" |'''21,896'''
|rowspan=2|'''49.84%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Rhina Bhar @ Rani Raj Pal ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |21,613
|49.19%
|rowspan=2|44,922
|rowspan=2|283
|rowspan=2|75.05%
|-
|{{Party shading/green}} |
|Lim Cheak Kow ([[Parti Bersatu Sabah|PBS]])
|align="right" |425
|0.97%
|-
|[[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|Karpal Singh Ram Singh}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|align="right" |20,716
|49.08%
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''Lee Kah Choon''' ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|'''Gerakan''']])
|align="right" |'''21,491'''
|'''50.92%'''
|43,239
|775
|72.82%
|-
|[[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=3|'''[[Bukit Gelugor (federal constituency)|Bukit Gelugor]]'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''22,529'''
|'''51.44%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|[[Lim Boo Chang]] ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |21,268
|48.56%
|44,618
|1,261
|74.21%
|-
|[[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''35,140'''
|'''71.33%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Koay Kar Huah ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |14,125
|28.67%
|50,553
|21,015
|77.05%
|-
|[[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''56,303'''
|'''80.55%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Teh Beng Yeam ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |13,597
|19.45%
|70,683
|42,706
|86.31%
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+'''[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=DAP announces SDR. Karpal Singh as its candidate in the Prai by-election « Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream |date=7 July 1991 |url=https://bibliotheca.limkitsiang.com/1991/07/07/dap-announces-sdr-karpal-singh-as-its-candidate-in-the-prai-by-election/}}</ref>
!Year
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |
!Votes
!Pct
! colspan="2" |Opponent(s)
!Votes
!Pct
!Ballots cast
!Majority
!Turnout
|-
|[[1991 Prai by-election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Perai (state constituency)|Prai]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|Karpal Singh Ram Singh ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|
|
| {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''V Muthusamy ([[Malaysian Indian Congress|MIC]])'''
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==See also==

* [[List of Malaysian politicians of Indian descent]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|http://www.karpalsingh.net/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111230150557/http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm Karpal Singh] – Official Democratic Action Party profile

{{S-start}}
{{S-par|my}}
{{S-bef|before=Rasiah Rajasingam}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Jelutong]]|years=[[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]]–[[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lee Kah Choon]]}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Election Commission of Malaysia|Constituency created]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bukit Gelugor]]|years=[[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]]–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ramkarpal Singh]]}}
|-
{{S-ppo}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Lim Kit Siang]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]]|years=2004–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tan Kok Wai]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Karpal}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian Sikhs]]
[[Category:20th-century Malaysian lawyers]]
[[Category:Malaysian politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Dewan Rakyat]]
[[Category:Members of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Penang State Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Malaysian politicians with disabilities]]
[[Category:Malaysian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Malaysia]]
[[Category:Anti–death penalty activists]]
[[Category:National University of Singapore alumni]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State of Penang]]
[[Category:Wheelchair users]]
[[Category:Lawyers with disabilities]]

Arjan Bhullar

2023-08-08T11:57:49Z

Maithili: Created page with '{{Infobox sportsperson | headercolor = | name = Arjan Bhullar | image = | caption = | country = {{CAN}} | sport = [[Wre...'

{{short description|Canadian mixed martial artist}}
{{Use Canadian English}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox martial artist
| name = Arjan Bhullar
| other_names =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Arjan Singh Bhullar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|5|13}}
| birth_place = [[Richmond, British Columbia]], Canada
| nationality =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}}
| weight = {{convert|241|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}
| weight_class = [[Heavyweight (MMA)|Heavyweight]]
| reach = 76 in
| style = [[Wrestling]]
| fighting_out_of = [[Richmond, British Columbia]], Canada
| team = Checkmat Vancouver (formerly)<ref name=sn18 /> [[American Kickboxing Academy]] (2014–present)<ref name=sn18>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/mma/arjan-bhullar-using-ufc-spotlight-inspire-promote-positivity/|title=Arjan Bhullar using UFC spotlight to inspire, promote positivity|date=October 26, 2018|work=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref><ref name=mmaj21 /> WKX Vancouver<ref name=mmaj21>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sPEQop1mv0|title=Arjan Bhullar grateful for Daniel Cormier's praise after ONE Championship title win|date=May 20, 2021|via=YouTube|work=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}</ref>
| wrestling = [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic]] [[Freestyle Wrestling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/olympics/summer/2012/athletes/_/athlete/15240|title= 2012 Summer Olympics - Athletes|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] [[Collegiate wrestling|Wrestling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://static.souraiders.com/custompages/wrestling/Final%20Brackets%20-all%20in%20one.pdf|title= 2009 NAIA National Wrestling Championship|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>
| stance = Orthodox
| years_active = 2014–present
| mma_kowin = 4
| mma_subwin =
| mma_decwin = 7
| mma_koloss = 1
| mma_subloss = 1
| mma_decloss =
| mma_draw =
| mma_nc =
| am_win = 1
| am_kowin =
| am_loss =
| university = [[Simon Fraser University]]
| url =
| sherdog = 175321
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's [[freestyle wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{CAN}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]]|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Pan American Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2007 Pan American Games|2007 Rio De Janeiro]]|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World University Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2006 World University Championships#Wrestling|2006 Ulanbataar]]|120 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|FILA Grand Prix of Germany}}
{{MedalGold|2012 Cologne|120 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament|2012 Kissimmee]]|[[2012 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament#120 kg|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCountry | the}} [[Simon Fraser Clan]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] National Championships}}
{{MedalGold|2009 Calgary|130 kg}}
{{MedalSport | [[Collegiate Wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | [[Simon Fraser University|Simon Fraser]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[NAIA Men's Wrestling Championship|NAIA Wrestling Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2007 Sioux City|285 lb}}
{{MedalGold|2008 Sioux City|285 lb}}
{{MedalGold|2009 Oklahoma City|285 lb}}
}}

'''Arjan Singh Bhullar'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Arjan Bhullar Bio |url=https://www.arjanbhullar.com/bio/}}</ref> (born May 13, 1986) is a Canadian [[Mixed martial arts|mixed martial artist]] currently competing in the [[Heavyweight (MMA)|heavyweight]] division of [[ONE Championship]], where he is the former [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Champion]]. He has also competed in the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]].

Bhullar is also a former [[freestyle wrestler]] and [[Collegiate wrestling|American folkstyle wrestler]]. In freestyle, he was a [[U Sports|CIS]] national champion in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2023 |title=2009 CIS Wrestling Championship Results |url=https://universitysport.prestosports.com/championships/wrest/pastresults/09results |website=U Sports Wrestling Championships}}</ref> and represented Canada at the [[2007 World Wrestling Championships|2007]], [[2009 World Wrestling Championships|2009]], [[2010 World Wrestling Championships|2010]] and [[2011 World Wrestling Championships|2011]] [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]], the [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Commonwealth Games]], the [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007 Pan American Games]] and at the [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]]. In folkstyle, Bhullar is a 2-time [[NAIA Wrestling Championship|NAIA Champion]].

==Wrestling career==

=== Early life and collegiate wrestling ===
Bhullar was born and raised in [[Vancouver, British Columbia]]. He started wrestling at a young age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motivatecanada.ca/en/athletes-esteem/esteem-team-athletes-esteem-roster/87-vancouver-area/2133-arjan-bhullar|title=Arjan Bhullar - Wrestling|last=motivate-admin|website=www.motivatecanada.ca|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> As a [[Collegiate wrestling|collegiate wrestler]], he competed for the [[Simon Fraser Clan]] at [[Simon Fraser University]], a [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] university at the time. He had a successful career while wrestling at 285 pounds, placing third in 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrestlingusa.com/college/ewExternalFiles/2007%20NAIA%20Final%20Results.pdf|title=Lindenwood University (MO) Wins 2007 NAIA Wrestling National Championship}}</ref> and becoming champion in 2008 and 2009 at the [[NAIA Wrestling Championship]]s. He was also named Canada's Wrestler of the year and NAIA outstanding wrestler in 2009.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://intermatwrestle.com/articles/6652|title=Notre Dame wins first NAIA national title in wrestling|website=InterMat|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vancouversun.com/ARJAN+BHULLAR/6888217/story.html|title=ARJAN BHULLAR|last=Committee|first=Canadian Olympic|website=www.vancouversun.com|language=en-ca|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> At the 2009 CIS Championships, Bhullar became the first wrestler to ever win the [[NAIA Wrestling Championship|NAIA]] and CIS titles in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.theopenmat.com/college-wrestling-news/bhullar-first-wrestler-to-win-both-naia-and-cis-championships/1549|title=Bhullar first wrestler to win both NAIA and CIS Championships|first=Jason|last=Bryant|date=June 7, 2009|website=The Open Mat|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref>

=== Freestyle career ===
For five years, Bhullar was a member of the Canadian National Team and was also the National Champion since 2008 to 2012 at 120 kilograms.<ref name="UFV, 2013">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufvcascades.ca/coaches-staff/arjan-bhullar/|title=Arjan Bhullar {{!}} UFV Cascades|last=UFV, 2013|first=Anthony Lepki, Marcom|language=en-CA|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In 2006, Bhullar placed third at the World University Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fisu.net/medias/fichiers/2006_WUC_Wrestling_results.pdf|title=2006 WUC Wrestling Results|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007]], he won a bronze medal at the [[Wrestling at the Pan American Games|Pan American Games]] and competed at the [[2007 World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]. He competed again at the [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]] in [[2009 World Wrestling Championships|2009]] and [[2010 World Wrestling Championships|2010]], in the latter year he also won the championship at 120 kg of the [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onefc.com/features/top-5-north-american-collegiate-wrestlers-in-one-championship/|title=Top 5 North American Collegiate Wrestlers in ONE Championship {{!}} ONE Championship - Features|date=March 18, 2020|website=ONE Championship - The Home Of Martial Arts|language=en-US|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] he became the first Canadian wrestler with South Asian ethnicity to represent the National Freestyle Wrestling Team at the [[Wrestling at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]. He ended up placing 13th.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olympic.ca/team-canada/arjan-bhullar/|title=Arjan Bhullar|date=October 25, 2011|website=Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website|language=en|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>

=== Coaching ===
Bhullar was one of the founding coaches of the [[UFV Cascades]] wrestling team at [[University of the Fraser Valley]].<ref name="UFV, 2013"/> He is also a member of his family's training center; Bhullar Wrestling Club.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.richmond-news.com/sports/bhullar-wrestling-producing-national-champions-1.23818449|title=Bhullar Wrestling producing national champions|last=Booth|first=Mark|website=Richmond News|date=May 10, 2019 |access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>

==Mixed martial arts career==
===Early career===
In August 2014, Bhullar had his first amateur fight as a mixed martial artist. He turned pro in November of that year fighting with the Battlefield Fight League.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://battlefieldfl.com/olympian-arjan-bhullar-makes-his-mma-debut-august-23rd-against-undefeated-heavyweight-josh-morgan/|title=Olympian Arjan Bhullar makes his MMA debut on August 23rd against undefeated heavyweight Josh Morgan -|work=battlefieldfl.com|date=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Over the next few years, Bhullar competed exclusively in his native Canada and remained undefeated with a record of six wins. Arjan won the vacant BFL Heavyweight Title with a victory over Blake Nash on October 17, 2015. He has defended the title twice.

===Ultimate Fighting Championship===
In May 2017, Bhullar signed with the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] becoming the first fighter of [[Indo-Canadian]] descent to sign with the company.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://vancouversun.com/sports/mma/richmonds-arjan-bhullar-ready-to-rock-the-ufc-as-its-first-indian-fighter| title = Richmond's Arjan Bhullar ready to rock the UFC as its first Indian fighter| website = vancouversun.com| access-date = August 3, 2017| date = May 28, 2017}}</ref>

Bhullar made his promotional debut at [[UFC 215]] on September 9, 2017, against [[Luis Henrique (fighter)|Luis Henrique]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2017/06/luis-henrique-olympian-arjan-bhullar-ufc-216-edmonton|title=Luis Henrique vs. Olympian Arjan Bhullar booked for UFC 216 in Edmonton|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=June 8, 2017|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> He won the fight via unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2017/09/ufc-215-results-arjan-bhullar-starts-quick-survives-luis-henrique|title=UFC 215 results: Arjan Bhullar starts quick, survives late Luis Henrique charge|date=September 9, 2017|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=September 10, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhullar's next fight was against [[Adam Wieczorek]] on April 14, 2018, at [[UFC on Fox 29]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2018/01/arjan-bhullar-ufc-heavyweight-bout-vs-adam-wieczorek|title=Arjan Bhullar announces UFC heavyweight bout vs. Adam Wieczorek|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=January 9, 2018|access-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref> After controlling the first round with his wrestling, Bhullar would eventually get caught with an omoplata early in the second round, officially losing the fight via submission at 1:59 of round 2.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2018/04/ufc-on-fox-29-results-adam-wieczorek-struggles-early-then-taps-arjan-bhullar-with-rare-omo-plata|title=UFC on FOX 29 results: Adam Wieczorek struggles early, then taps Arjan Bhullar with rare omoplata|date=April 14, 2018|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=April 15, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

For his third fight with the promotion, Bhullar faced [[Marcelo Golm]] on October 27, 2018, at [[UFC Fight Night 138]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2018/07/arjan-bhullar-vs-marcelo-golm-heavyweight-bout-ufc-moncton|title=Arjan Bhullar says he's fighting Marcelo Golm at UFC Fight Night 138|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=July 31, 2018|access-date=August 1, 2018}}</ref> He won the fight via unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-fight-night-138-moncton-fight-highlights-arjan-bhullar-vs-marcelo-golm|title=Arjan Bhullar Defeats Marcelo Golm (UFC Moncton Fight Highlights) {{!}} MMAWeekly.com|website=www.mmaweekly.com|language=en-US|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>

Bhullar next faced [[Juan Adams]] on May 4, 2019, at [[UFC Fight Night 151]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmamania.com/2019/2/20/18233251/ufc-ottawa-canada-official-may-4-espn-mma|title=UFC Ottawa official for May 4 on ESPN+|publisher=mmamania.com|author=Jesse Holland|date=February 20, 2019|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> He won the fight by unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2019/05/04/ufc-ottawa-results-arjan-bhullar-edges-juan-adams/|title=UFC Ottawa Results: Arjan Bhullar Edges Out Juan Adams|last=Shillan|first=Keith|date=May 4, 2019|website=Cageside Press|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref> The fight marked the last fight of his prevailing contract with the UFC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2019/05/ufc-ottawa-arjan-bhullar-wants-to-retire-andrei-arlovski|title=Arjan Bhullar expects new contract after UFC on ESPN+ 9 win, plans on 'neutering' Andrei Arlovski|author=Mike Bohn|date=May 5, 2019|publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref>

===ONE Championship===
On July 3, 2019, it was announced that Bhullar signed a deal with Asia-based MMA promotion [[ONE Championship]], and was expected to make his promotional debut against Mauro Cerilli at [[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dawn Of Heroes|ONE Championship: Dawn of Heroes]] on August 2, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/platform/amp/2019/7/3/20681619/ufc-arjan-bhullar-signs-one-championship|title=Arjun Bhullar signs with ONE Championship|date=July 3, 2019|access-date=July 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-Veteran-Arjan-Bhullar-to-Clash-with-Mauro-Cerilli-at-One-Dawn-of-Heroes-157823|title=UFC Veteran Arjan Bhullar to Clash with Mauro Cerilli at One: Dawn of Heroes|author=Tudor Leonte|publisher=sherdog.com|date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> However, Cerilli pulled out of the bout due to staph infection and the fight was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/8/2/20751327/arjan-bhullars-one-championship-debut-scrapped-hours-ahead-of-the-event|title=Arjan Bhullar's ONE Championship debut scrapped hours ahead of the event|last=Martin|first=Damon|date=August 2, 2019|website=MMA Fighting|access-date=August 3, 2019}}</ref> The fight eventually took place at [[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Century|ONE Championship: Century]] on October 13, 2019, with Bhullar winning by unanimous decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/one-championship/arjan-bhullar-defeats-mauro-cerilli-in-one-debut/|title=Arjan Bhullar defeats Mauro Cerilli in ONE debut|date=October 13, 2019|website=bjpenn.com|author=Tom Taylor}}</ref>

====ONE Heavyweight World Champion====
On February 1, 2020, it was announced that Bhullar would be challenging [[Brandon Vera]] for the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] at [[2020 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship|ONE Championship: Code of Honor]] on May 29, 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/brandon-vera-to-defend-heavyweight-title-against-arjan-bhullar-at-one-code-of-honor/|title=Brandon Vera to defend heavyweight title against Arjan Bhullar at ONE: 'Code of Honor'|website=Asian MMA|date=February 1, 2020|access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> but the fight was canceled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The bout was rebooked to take place at [[2021 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dangal|ONE Championship: Dangal]] on May 15, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/brandon-vera-to-defend-heavyweight-title-against-arjan-bhullar-at-one-dangal/|title= Brandon Vera to defend heavyweight title against Arjan Bhullar at ONE: 'Dangal'|website=Asian MMA|date=April 29, 2021|access-date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> He defeated Vera via second-round technical knockout to win the ONE Heavyweight World Championship, becoming the first fighter of Canadian/Indian descent to win an MMA world title.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gasgonia |first=Denni |date=May 15, 2021 |title=MMA: Bhullar stops Vera, crowns self as new ONE heavyweight king |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/15/21/mma-bhullar-stops-vera-crowns-self-as-new-one-heavyweight-king |work=ABS-CBN News |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/arjan-bhullar-stops-brandon-vera-claims-heavyweight-crown-at-one-dangal/|title= Arjan Bhullar stops Brandon Vera, claims heavyweight crown at ONE: 'Dangal'|website=Asian MMA|date=May 15, 2021|access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref>

After a contract dispute,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3161194/one-championship-sets-interim-heavyweight|title=Exclusive &;vert ONE Championship sets up interim heavyweight title fight after Arjan Bhullar 'declines multiple offers' to defend belt |date=December 27, 2021|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|author=Nicolas Atkin}}</ref> Bhullar eventually signed a new contract with the organization<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3166312/one-championship-arjan-bhullar-finally-agrees|title= ONE Championship: Arjan Bhullar finally agrees new deal; heavyweight title unification fight set for summer |date=February 9, 2022|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|author=Nicolas Atkin}}</ref> and was scheduled to face interim champion [[Anatoly Malykhin]] for the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] unification bout at [[ONE 161]] on September 29, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin heavyweight title unification bout set for ONE Championship 161 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/08/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-one-championship-161-heavyweight-title-unification-bout |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> However, Bhullar withdrew due to an injury in training, It was announced that Bhullar had surgery on the arm two weeks prior and the bout was cancelled.<ref name="ONE161">{{Cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/one-championship-announces-heavyweight-kickboxing-grand-prix/|title=ONE Championship announces heavyweight kickboxing Grand Prix|publisher=AsianMMA|date=August 29, 2022|access-date=September 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/arjan-bhullar-has-arm-surgery/|title=Arjan Bhullar has arm surgery!|publisher=AsianMMA|date=August 30, 2022|access-date=September 4, 2022}}</ref> The bout was rescheduled for March 25, 2023, at [[ONE Fight Night 8]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3205911/one-championship-anatoly-malykhin-challenging-arjan-bhullar-heavyweight-title-fight-night-8-main|title=ONE Championship: Anatoly Malykhin challenging Arjan Bhullar for heavyweight title in Fight Night 8 main event, source says|website=South China Morning Post|author=Nicolas Atkin|date=January 6, 2023|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref> In turn, the bout was removed from the event due to a shift in broadcaster commitments and the bout will be rescheduled again to a later date.<ref name="Update">{{Cite web|url=https://www.onefc.com/news/one-fight-night-8-gets-new-main-event-bhullar-vs-malykhin-rescheduled/|title=ONE Fight Night 8 gets new main event, Bhullar vs. Malykhin rescheduled|website=ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts|date=March 15, 2023|access-date=March 15, 2023}}</ref> The bout was scheduled on July 15, 2023, at [[ONE Fight Night 12]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=April 10, 2023 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin in ONE heavyweight title unification bout rescheduled for July 14 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/4/10/23677840/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-in-one-heavyweight-title-unification-bout-rescheduled-for-july-15 |access-date=May 17, 2023 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en-US}}</ref> However, for unknown reasons, the bout was moved to [[ONE Friday Fights 22]] on June 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frazer |first=Ben |date=May 19, 2023 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin Heavyweight world title unification match rescheduled for ONE Friday Fights 22
|url=https://www.onefc.com/news/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-heavyweight-world-title-unification-match-rescheduled-for-one-friday-fights-22/
|website=ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts |access-date=May 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bhullar lost the bout and the title via TKO in the third round.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=June 23, 2023 |title=Anatoly Malykhin Overwhelms Arjan Bhullar to Unify Heavyweight Title at ONE Friday Fights 22 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/06/23/arjan-bhuller-anatoly-malykhin-one-friday-fights-22/ |access-date=June 25, 2023 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bhullar is of [[Indo-Canadians|Indian]] [[Punjabi Canadians|Punjabi]] [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/b59b727a-61ab-442a-ae63-2922759c763c| title=Sikh UFC fighter Arjan Bhullar will wear a turban at this weekend's UFC event|website=bbc.co.uk| date=April 13, 2018}}</ref>

Through his MMA career, Bhullar has developed a friendship with fellow [[Indo-Canadians|Indo-Canadian]] and former [[WWE Championship|WWE champion]] [[Jinder Mahal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=James |last2=Sapp |first2=Sean Ross |title=Exclusive: UFC's Arjan Bhullar Talks Friendship With Jinder Mahal, Possible Move To WWE, Upcoming Fight {{!}} Fightful News |url=https://www.fightful.com/mma/exclusives/exclusive-ufc-s-arjan-bhullar-talks-friendship-jinder-mahal-possible-move-wwe-upcoming-fight |access-date=January 13, 2020 |work=www.fightful.com |date=April 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Championships and achievements==

===Mixed martial arts===
*'''[[ONE Championship]]'''
**[[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] (one time)
*'''Battlefield Fight League'''
**BFL Heavyweight Championship (one time)

=== Freestyle wrestling ===

* '''[[United World Wrestling]]'''
** 2012 Germany Grand Prix Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification|2012 Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament]] Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|2010 Commonwealth Games]] Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007 Pan American Games]] Bronze Medalist
** 2006 World University Championships Bronze Medalist
** 2005 World Junior Championships - 5th place
** 2004 Pan American Championships Gold Medalist
* '''Wrestling Canada Lutte'''
** 2012 Canadian Olympic Team Member
** 2012 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2011 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2011 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2010 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2010 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2009 Canadian Senior Wrestler of the Year
** 2009 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2009 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2008 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2007 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2006 Canadian Junior National Champion
** 2006 Canadian Junior World Team Member
** 2005 Canadian Junior National Champion
** 2005 Canadian Junior World Team Member

* '''[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]]'''
**[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] 130 kg National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2009)

===Collegiate wrestling===
* '''[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]]'''
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] Outstanding Wrestler (2009)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2009)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2008)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National 3rd Place out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2007)

==Mixed martial arts record==
{{MMArecordbox
|ko-wins=4
|ko-losses=1
|sub-wins=0
|sub-losses=1
|dec-wins=7
|dec-losses=0
|nc=
}}
{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|11–2
|[[Anatoly Malykhin]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[ONE Friday Fights 22]]
|{{dts|2023|June|23|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:42
|[[Bangkok]], Thailand
|{{small|Lost the [[ONE Heavyweight Championship]].}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|11–1
| [[Brandon Vera]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[2021 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dangal|ONE: Dangal]]
|{{dts|2021|April|28|format=mdy}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:27
|[[Kallang]], Singapore
|{{small|Won the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight Championship]].}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|10–1
|Mauro Cerilli
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Century|ONE: Century Part 2]]
|{{dts|2019|October|13|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Tokyo]], Japan
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|9–1
|[[Juan Adams]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Iaquinta vs. Cowboy]]
|{{dts|2019|May|4|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Ottawa, Ontario]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|8–1
|[[Marcelo Golm]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Volkan vs. Smith]]
|{{dts|2018|October|27|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Moncton, New Brunswick]], Canada
|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|7–1
|[[Adam Wieczorek]]
|Submission (omoplata)
|[[UFC on Fox: Poirier vs. Gaethje]]
|{{dts|2018|April|14|format=mdy}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:59
|[[Glendale, Arizona]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 7–0
|[[Luis Henrique (fighter)|Luis Henrique]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC 215]]
|{{dts|2017|September|9|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Edmonton, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 6–0
|Joe Yager
|Decision (unanimous)
|Battlefield Fight League 48
|April 29, 2017
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 5–0
|Chris Catala
|TKO (punches)
|Hard Knocks 51
|October 14, 2016
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:29
|[[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 4–0
|Ryan Pokryfky
|Decision (unanimous)
|Battlefield Fight League 45
|September 17, 2016
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|{{small|Defended the BFL Heavyweight Championship.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 3–0
|Blake Nash
|TKO (doctor stoppage)
|Battlefield Fight League 39
|October 17, 2015
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|{{small|Won the vacant BFL Heavyweight Championship.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 2–0
|Jon-Taine Hall
|Decision (unanimous)
|Hard Knocks 44
|June 28, 2015
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 1–0
|Adam Santos
|TKO (punches)
|Battlefield Fight League 33
|November 7, 2014
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:22
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|
{{end}}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Arjan-Singh-Bhullar-175321|title=Arjan Singh Bhullar MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography - Sherdog.com|last=Sherdog.com|website=Sherdog|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of current ONE fighters]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}
* {{Sherdog|175321}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130416155358/http://www.wrestling.ca:80/athletes/Bhullar_12.php Wrestling Canada profile]

{{ONE Heavyweight Championship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhullar, Arjan}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Canadian male mixed martial artists]]
[[Category:Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling]]
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Moinabad, Ranga Reddy district

2023-02-23T15:09:36Z

Maithili: add

{{For|other places with similar names|Moinabad (disambiguation){{!}}Moinabad}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Moinabad
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.3267|N|78.2752|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Telangana|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Moinabad
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes = <ref name="grampanchayat">{{Cite web|url=http://epmis.telangana.nic.in/epmisPRHTAXDCBRep.jsp?distcode=115|title=ePanchayat - House Tax|website=Panchayat Raj & Rural Employment|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Moinabad [[gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=geo>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Moinabad.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Moinabad, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 566
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TS-07
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Moinabad''' is a village in [[Ranga Reddy district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It falls under Moinabad [[mandal]] of Chevella [[revenue division]].<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Rangareddy district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130761931250.Rangareddy.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|publisher=Government of Telangana|accessdate=26 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013221458/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130761931250.Rangareddy.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2016}}</ref>

== History ==
The name Moinabad originally came from a noble man of [[Hyderabad State]] member of the [[House of Paigah]] Nawab [[Moin-Ud-Dowlah Bahadur Asman Jah]] and the place was in complete control of the nobleman until the independence and mergence of Hyderabad state into India, Before the re-organization of districts, the village was under the jurisdiction of Chevella revenue division and in [[Ranga Reddy district]].<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Guntur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2806_PART_A_DCHB_RANGAREDDY.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|accessdate=27 March 2017|pages=6}}</ref><ref name="district" />

== Geography ==

Moinabad is located at {{Coord|17.3267|N|78.2752|E}} and at an altitude of {{Convert|566|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="geo" />

== Government and politics ==
Moinabad [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="grampanchayat" /> The panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by an elected ward member. The ward members are headed by a [[Sarpanch]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKEQxEtNR-AC&dq=village%2520ward%2520member&pg=PA117|title=Social Science|publisher=Vk Publications|isbn=9788179732144|page=117|language=en}}</ref>

[[Chevella (SC) (Assembly constituency)]] of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf
|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=11 October 2014|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Map of Ranga Reddy|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/template1-assets/maps/RANGAREDDY.jpg|website=New districts formation portal|accessdate=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008030800/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/template1-assets/maps/RANGAREDDY.jpg|archive-date=8 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The present [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] representing the constituency is Kale Yadaiah of TRS]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Member's Report |url=http://www.telangana.gov.in/legislature/mlas|website=Telangana Legislature Assembly|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref>

== Transport ==
The ''Hyderabad–Kodangal'' is the new [[National Highway (India)|National highway]] with a length of {{Convert|133|km|mi|abbr=on}}, passes through Moinabad.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Correspondent|first1=Special|title=1,355 km. of roads to become NH|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/1355-km-of-roads-to-become-nh/article7825632.ece|accessdate=27 March 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by the government schools such as Mandal Parishad, Mandal Parishad upper primary and [[Zilla Parishad High School]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sheet1|url=http://www.teachersneed.com/Rangareddy/RR_GovtSchoolsList.pdf|website=Teachersneed|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MOINABAD-Intermediate Panchayat|url=http://www.ranmoinabbp.appr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/di5XrVERUf8s/content/list-of-schools-in-moinabad-mandal/3093780|website=www.ranmoinabbp.appr.gov.in|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district]]

Independent candidate

2022-09-18T10:22:19Z

Maithili: Just published an influential work.

#REDIRECT [[Independent politician]]

David Frawley

2022-06-27T09:25:28Z

Maithili: Contributed a new addition to the platform.

{{short description|American Hindu teacher}}
{{Infobox person
| name = David Frawley (Vamadeva Shastri)
| image = David Frawley.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = 2007
| birth_place = [[Wisconsin]], United States
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1950|9|21}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Vedacharya]], Ayurvedic teacher, [[Vedic astrologer]], [[writer]]
| title =
| nationality = American
| spouse = Yogini Shambhavi Chopra
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2015
| website = {{URL|http://www.vedanet.com/}}
}}

'''David Frawley''' (born 1950) is an American author, [[Hindu astrology|astrologer]], teacher (''[[acharya]]'') and a proponent of [[Hindutva]].

He has written numerous books on topics spanning the [[Vedas]], [[Hinduism]], [[Yoga]], [[Ayurveda]] and [[Vedic astrology]].<ref>{{cite news |title=David Frawley is the American hippy who became RSS's favourite western intellectual |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/david-frawley-is-the-american-hippy-who-became-rsss-favourite-western-intellectual/150759/ |work=ThePrint }}</ref> His works have been popular among the general public. In 2015 he was honored by the [[Government of India]] with the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=The unusual story of David Frawley aka Vamadeva Sastri |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/spirituality-greater-faith-700336.html |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

A prominent ideologue of the Hindutva movement, he has also been accused of practicing [[historical revisionism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shrimali|first=Krishna Mohan|title=Writing India's Ancient Past|journal=Indian Historical Review|volume=34|issue=2|pages=171–188|doi=10.1177/037698360703400209|issn=0376-9836|s2cid=140268498}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

== Early life and education ==
David Frawley was born to a Catholic family in [[Wisconsin]] and had nine siblings.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/david-frawley-is-the-american-hippy-who-became-rsss-favourite-western-intellectual/150759/|title=David Frawley is the American hippy who became RSS's favourite western intellectual|last=Bamzai|first=Kaveree|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> Frawley is largely an autodidact.<ref name=":6" /> He studied Ayur Veda under Dr. B. L. Vashta of [[Mumbai]] for a span of about a decade, and obtained a "Doctor of Oriental Medicine" degree via a correspondence course from the International Institute of Chinese Medicine, Santa Fe, New Mexico,<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3XBu-vpXgoC|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|last1=Wujastyk|first1=Dagmar|last2=Smith|first2=Frederick M.|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7816-5|pages=18–20|language=en|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> a school for acupuncture which closed in 2003 due to "administrative and governance irregularities" and financial problems."<ref>Acupuncture Today – October, 2003, Vol. 04, Issue 10, [https://www.acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=28309 International Institute of Chinese Medicine Closes]</ref>

Frawley is the founder and the sole instructor at the American Institute of Vedic Studies at [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Grpz1tmcSMC|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate|last=Bryant|first=Edwin|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195137774|pages=347}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3XBu-vpXgoC|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|last1=Wujastyk|first1=Dagmar|last2=Smith|first2=Frederick M.|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7816-5|pages=133|language=en|chapter=An Overview of the Education and Practice of Global Ayurveda}}</ref> and is a former president of the American Council of Vedic Astrology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Searle-Chatterjee|first=Mary|title='World religions' and 'ethnic groups': do these paradigms lend themselves to the cause of Hindu nationalism?|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=23|issue=3|pages=497–515|doi=10.1080/014198700328962|s2cid=145681756|issn=0141-9870}}</ref> He also previously taught Chinese herbal medicine and western herbology.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Michael Tierra|url=https://archive.org/details/planetaryherbolo0000tier|title=Planetary Herbology|publisher=Lotus Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0941524278|editor=David Frawley|url-access=registration}}</ref>

== Views and reception ==

=== Views ===
Frawley rejects the [[Indo-Aryan migration|Indo-Aryan migration theory]] in favor of the [[Indigenous Aryans]] theory, accusing his opponents of having a “European missionary bias”.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramaswamy|first=Sumathi|title=Remains of the race: Archaeology, nationalism, and the yearning for civilisation in the Indus valley|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|volume=38|issue=2|pages=105–145|doi=10.1177/001946460103800201|s2cid=145756604|issn=0019-4646}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1991533|title=Way Toward Wisdom, The: An Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Introduction to Metaphysics|last=Benedict M. Ashley|first=O. P.|publisher=University of Notre Dame Press|isbn=9780268074692|pages=460|language=en|chapter=Notes}}</ref> In the book ''In Search of the Cradle of Civilization'' (1995), Frawley along with [[Georg Feuerstein]] and [[Subhash Kak]] has rejected the widely supported [[Indo-Aryan migration]], rhetorically calling it the Aryan Invasion Theory, an outdated and inaccurate term, and supported the [[Indigenous Aryans]] theory. Frawley also criticizes the 19th-century [[Racial groups in India (historical definitions)|racial interpretations of Indian prehistory]], and went on to reject the theory of a conflict between invading [[Aryan race|caucasoid Aryans]] and Dravidians.<ref name="autogenerated1">Arvidsson 2006:298 Arvidsson, Stefan (2006), Aryan Idols: Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, translated by Sonia Wichmann, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.</ref>

In the sphere of market-economics, Frawley opposes socialism, stating that such policies have reduced citizens to beggars.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://www.questia.com/library/118416236/the-future-of-multicultural-britain-confronting|title=The Future of Multicultural Britain: Confronting the Progressive Dilemma|last=Pathak|first=Pathik|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780748635443|pages=73–74, 80|chapter=Saffron Semantics: The Struggle to Define Hindu Nationalism|jstor=10.3366/j.ctt1r27ks|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/future-of-multicultural-britain/saffron-semantics-the-struggle-to-define-hindu-nationalism/E60A127EE4A481F142D38D34B1A8FBA8}}</ref> He is a practitioner of Ayurveda,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warrier|first=Maya|title=Modern Ayurveda in Transnational Context: Modern Ayurveda in Transnational Context|journal=Religion Compass|volume=5|issue=3|pages=80–93|doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00264.x}}</ref> and recommends the practice of ascetic rituals along with moral purification as indispensable parts of the [[Advaita]] tradition.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lucas|first=Phillip Charles|title=Non-Traditional Modern Advaita Gurus in the West and Their Traditional Modern Advaita Critics|journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions|volume=17|issue=3|pages=6–37|doi=10.1525/nr.2014.17.3.6|issn=1092-6690|jstor=10.1525/nr.2014.17.3.6}}</ref>

===Reception===

====Popular reception====
While being rejected by academia, he has been successful in the popular market; according to Bryant, his works are clearly directed and articulated at such audiences.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Bryant|first=Edwin|url=https://www.questia.com/read/103786687/in-quest-of-the-origins-of-vedic-culture-the-indo-aryan|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture : The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate.|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195169478|pages=291|oclc=697790495}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> He's been a prominent voice in the introduction of Ayurvedic medicine and Vedic astrology among a western, nonmedical trained audience.<ref name=":7"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Journal|first=Yoga|title=Yoga Journal|url=http://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/351|access-date=12 April 2013|publisher=Yoga Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Philip Goldberg|url=https://archive.org/details/americanvedafrom00gold|title=American Veda: How Indian Spirituality Changed the West|publisher=Harmony Books|year=2010|isbn=978-0-385-52134-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanvedafrom00gold/page/222 222]–224|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Anand|first1=Shilpa Nair|title=An Enlightened Path|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/an-enlightened-path/article5736503.ece}}</ref> According to [[Edwin Bryant (author)|Edwin Bryant]], he is "well-received" by "the Indian community,"<ref name=":1" /> noting that a Westerner rejecting the Aryan Migration Theory has an obvious appeal in India and Frawley (along with [[Koenraad Elst]]) fits in it, perfectly.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bryant|first=Edwin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Grpz1tmcSMC|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195137774|pages=292}}</ref> Frawley commands a significant following on Twitter, as well.<ref name=":6" />

==== Academia ====

=====Hindutva=====
He has been described as a prominent figure of the Hindutva movement<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gilmartin|first1=David|title=Beyond Turk and Hindu: rethinking religious identities in Islamicate South Asia|last2=Lawrence|first2=Bruce B|publisher=India Research Press|isbn=9788187943341|location=New Delhi|language=en|oclc=52254519}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Vinay|title=The Politics of History on the Internet: Cyber-Diasporic Hinduism and the North American Hindu Diaspora|journal=Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies|volume=8|issue=2|pages=137–172|doi=10.1353/dsp.1999.0000|issn=1911-1568|s2cid=144343833}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|title=The End of Secularism|journal=Index on Censorship|volume=31|issue=4|pages=160–166|doi=10.1080/03064220208537150|issn=0306-4220|s2cid=146826096}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arun|title=India, America, and the Nationalist Apocalyptic|journal=CrossCurrents|volume=68|issue=2|pages=216–236|doi=10.1111/cros.12309|s2cid=171592481|issn=0011-1953}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Vinay|title=Asian America.Net : Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Cyberspace|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=9780203957349|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=Rachel C.|location=New York|chapter=North American Hindus, the Sense of History, and the Politics of Internet Diasporism|editor-last2=Wong|editor-first2=Sau-ling Cynthia|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203957349}}</ref> and numerous scholars have also described him as a Hindutva ideologue and apologist.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mukta|first=Parita|title=The public face of Hindu nationalism|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=23|issue=3|pages=442–466|doi=10.1080/014198700328944|issn=0141-9870|s2cid=144284403}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Koertge.|title=Scientific Values and Civic Virtues.|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195172256|oclc=474649157}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pathak|first=Pathik|url=http://universitypublishingonline.org/edinburgh/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780748635467|title=The Future of Multicultural Britain: Confronting the Progressive Dilemma|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780748635467|location=Cambridge|language=en|oclc=889952434}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kuruvachira|first=Jose|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2XXAAAAMAAJ|title=Hindu Nationalists of Modern India: A Critical Study of the Intellectual Genealogy of Hindutva|publisher=Rawat Publications|isbn=9788170339953}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bhatt|first=Chetan|title=Dharmo rakshati rakshitah : Hindutva movements in the UK|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=23|issue=3|pages=559–593|doi=10.1080/014198700328999|issn=0141-9870|s2cid=144085595}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chadha|first=Ashish|title=Conjuring a river, imagining civilisation|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|volume=45|issue=1|pages=55–83|doi=10.1177/006996671004500103|issn=0069-9667|s2cid=144701033}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Back|first1=Les|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bp9Ts508_3oC|title=Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader|last2=Solomos|first2=John|last3=Solomos|first3=Professor of Sociology in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science John|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415156714}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> He has been widely accused of practicing [[historical revisionism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shrimali|first=Krishna Mohan|title=Writing India's Ancient Past|journal=Indian Historical Review|volume=34|issue=2|pages=171–188|doi=10.1177/037698360703400209|issn=0376-9836|s2cid=140268498}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> [[Martha Nussbaum]] and others consider him to be the most determined opponent to the theory of [[Indo-Aryan migrations]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nussbaum, Martha Craven|title=The Clash Within : Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future.|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780674030596|pages=369|oclc=1006798430}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Dhavalikar|first=M. K.|title=Review of THE MYTH OF INDIA; ARYAN INVASION OF INDIA: THE MYTH AND THE TRUTH|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=78|issue=1/4|pages=343–344|issn=0378-1143|jstor=41694966}}</ref>

[[Meera Nanda]] asserts Frawley to be a member of the Hindu far right, who decries Islam and Christianity as religions for the lower intellects<ref>{{Cite journal|last=NANDA|first=MEERA|title=Ideological Convergences: Hindutva and the Norway Massacre|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=46|issue=53|pages=61–68|issn=0012-9976|jstor=23065638}}</ref> and whose works feature a Hindu Supremacist spin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nanda|first=Meera|title=Hindu Triumphalism and the Clash of Civilisations|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=44|issue=28|pages=106–114|issn=0012-9976|jstor=40279263}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nanda|first=Meera|title=The god market : how globalization is making India more Hindu|publisher=Monthly Review Press|isbn=9781583672501|pages=162|oclc=731901376}}</ref> [[Sudeshna Guha]] of [[Cambridge University]] notes him to be a [[sectarian]] non-scholar and as a proponent of a broader scheme for establishing a nationalist history.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guha|first=Sudeshna|title=Negotiating Evidence: History, Archaeology and the Indus Civilisation|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=39|issue=2|pages=399–426|doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001611|issn=0026-749X|jstor=3876625|s2cid=145463239}}</ref> [[Irfan Habib]] rejected considering Frawley as a scholar, and instead, noted him to be a Hindutva pamphleteer, who "telescoped the past to serve the present" and was not minimally suitable of being defined as a scholar, of any kind.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Hindutva's foreign-born cheerleaders are so popular - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/why-hindutvas-foreign-born-cheerleaders-are-so-popular/articleshow/58085790.cms|access-date=2019-05-31|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Bryant notes him to be an unambiguously pro-Hindu scholar.<ref name=":2" /> [[Peter Heehs]] deems of him to be part of a group of reactionary orientalists, who professed an avid dislike for the Oriental-Marxist school of historiography and hence, chose to rewrite the history of India ''but'' without any training in relevant disciplines; he also accused Frawley of misappropriating Aurobindo's nuanced stance on the [[Indigenous Aryans]] hypothesis.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Heehs|first=Peter|title=Shades of Orientalism: Paradoxes and Problems in Indian Historiography|journal=History and Theory|volume=42|issue=2|pages=169–195|doi=10.1111/1468-2303.00238|issn=0018-2656}}</ref>

[[Bruce Lincoln]] attributes Frawley's ideas to "parochial nationalism", terming them "exercises in scholarship (= myth + footnotes)", where archaeological data spanning several millennia is selectively invoked, with no textual sources to control the inquiry, in support of the theorists' desired narrative.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bruce Lincoln|url=https://archive.org/details/theorizingmythna00linc|title=Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-226-48201-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/theorizingmythna00linc/page/n114 215]|url-access=limited}}</ref> His proposed equivalence of Ayurveda with vedic healing traditions has been rejected by Indologists and [[David Hardiman]] considers Frawley's assertion to be part of a wider Hindu-nationalist quest.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hardiman|first=David|title=Indian Medical Indigeneity: From Nationalist Assertion to the Global Market|url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2163/1/WRAP_Hardiman_9971617-hi-081009-medical_indigeneity_in_india.pdf|journal=Social History|volume=34|issue=3|pages=263–283|doi=10.1080/03071020902975131|issn=0307-1022|jstor=25594366|s2cid=144288544}}</ref> [[Joseph Alter]] notes that his writings 'play into the politics of nationalism' and remarks of them to be controversial from an academic locus.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Joseph S.|title=Asian Medicine and Globalization|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=9780812205251|pages=156|language=en|chapter=Notes|chapter-url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/795513}}</ref>

===== Book reviews =====
In a review of ''Hymns from the Golden Age: Selected Hymns from the Rig Veda with Yogic Interpretation'' for the ''[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]'', [[Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies)|Richard G. Salomon]] criticized Frawley's "fanciful" approach to stand in complete contrast to the available linguistic and scholarly evidence, and perpetuated Vedic myths in what seemed to be a bid to attract readers for the recreation of the ancient spiritual kingdom of the Aryans.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Salomon|first=Richard|title=Review of Hymns from the Golden Age: Selected Hymns from the Rig Veda with Yogic Interpretation; Pinnacles of India's Past: Selections from the Rgveda|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=109|issue=3|pages=456–457|doi=10.2307/604160|issn=0003-0279|jstor=604160}}</ref>

A review by [[Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar|M. K. Dhavalikar]] in ''[[Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]]'' called ''In Search of the Cradle of Civilization'' a "beautifully printed" contribution that made a strong case for their indigenous theory against the supposed migratory hypotheses but chose to remain silent on certain crucial aspects which need to be convincingly explained.<ref name="dhavalikar96">{{cite journal|author=M. K. Dhavalikar|author-link=Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar|year=1996|title=Untitled <nowiki>[</nowiki>review of In Search of the Cradle of Civilization: New Light on Ancient India, by Georg Feuerstein, Subhash Kak, & David Frawley<nowiki>]</nowiki>|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|publisher=[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]]|volume=77|issue=1/4|pages=326–327|issn=0378-1143|jstor=41702199}}</ref> [[Prema Kurien]] noted that the book sought to distinguish expatriate Hindu Americans from other minority groups by demonstrating their superior racial and cultural ties with the Europeans.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kurien, Prema A.|url=https://archive.org/details/placeatmulticult00kuri|title=A place at the multicultural table the development of an American Hinduism|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813540559|pages=[https://archive.org/details/placeatmulticult00kuri/page/n257 242]|oclc=703221465|url-access=limited}}</ref>

[[Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar|Dhavalikar]] also reviewed ''The Myth of the Aryan Invasion of India'' and found it to be unsupported by archaeological evidence.<ref name=":0" /> [[Irfan Habib]] criticized Frawley's invoking the [[Sarasvati River]] in the book as an assault against common sense.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Habib|first=Irfan|title=Imaging River Sarasvati: A Defence of Commonsense|journal=Social Scientist|volume=29|issue=1/2|pages=46–74|doi=10.2307/3518272|issn=0970-0293|jstor=3518272}}</ref>{{Clarification needed}}
== Honors and influences ==
In 2015, the [[South Indian Education Society]] (SIES) in Mumbai, India, an affiliate of [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]], conferred upon him their special "National Eminence Award" as an “international expert in the fields of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Vedic Astrology.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/suresh-prabhu-gets-sies-award-for-national-eminence/articleshow/50327078.cms|title=Suresh Prabhu gets SIES award for national eminence|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=27 Dec 2015}}</ref> On 26 January 2015, the Indian Government honored Frawley with the [[Padma Bhushan]] award.<ref name="pdma">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|title=Padma Awards 2015|publisher=Press Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|archive-date=28 January 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>

Referring to his book ''Yoga and Ayurveda'', Frawley is mentioned as one of the main yoga teachers of [[Deepak Chopra]] and [[David Simon (Neurologist)|David Simon]] in their book, the ''Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga|publisher=Wiley|year=2005|isbn=978-0471736271|pages=200|author1=Deepak Chopra |author2=David Simon}}</ref> In 2015, Chopra said of Frawley's book, ''Shiva, the Lord of Yoga'', "Vamadeva Shastri has been a spiritual guide and mentor of mine for several decades. For anyone who is serious about the journey to higher divine consciousness, this book is yet another jewel from him."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Shiva, the Lord of Yoga|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-9406-7629-9|page=283|author=David Frawley}}</ref>

==Selected publications==

===Hinduism and Indology===
# ''Hymns from the Golden Age: Selected Hymns from the Rig Veda With Yogic Interpretation''. Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 1986. {{ISBN| 8120800729}}.
#''Wisdom of the Ancient Seers: Mantras of the Rig Veda''. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd), 1999. {{ISBN| 8120811593}}.
# ''Arise Arjuna: Hinduism Resurgent in a New Century''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018. {{ISBN| 9388134982}}.
# ''Awaken Bharata: A Call for India’s Rebirth''. Bloomsbury India, 2018. {{ISBN| 9388271009}}.
# ''What Is Hinduism?''. Bloomsbury India, 2018. {{ISBN| 9789388038638}}.
===Yoga, Vedanta and Ayurveda===
# ''Ayurvedic Healing''. Passage Press, 1989. {{ISBN| 1878423002}}.
# ''Ayurveda and the Mind: The Healing of Consciousness''. Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 2005. {{ISBN| 812082010X}}.
====Co-authored====
# ''The Yoga of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine''. Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 2004. {{ISBN| 8120820347}}.

==See also==
*[[Dayananda Saraswati (Ärsha Vidya)]]
*[[Voice of India]]
*[[Georg Feuerstein]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.vedanet.com/ David Frawley's homepage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160114082811/http://www.hindubooks.org/david_frawley/ Online books by David Frawley]
*[http://www.voi.org/books/civilization/ Online version of Hinduism and the Clash of Civilizations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620054429/http://www.voi.org/books/civilization/ }}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}{{Sangh Parivar|David Frawley=David Frawley}}{{Modern Hindu writers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frawley, David}}
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