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{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]]<br />
| name = {{large|Muhammad}}<br />{{lang|ar|مُحَمَّد}}<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = File:Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg<br />
| caption = "Muhammad the Apostle of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi|Prophet's Mosque]] in Medina<br />
| birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{lang-ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}})<br />
| birth_date = {{circa|570}}<br />
| birth_place = {{longitem|[[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]<br />(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}<br />
| death_date = 8 June 632 (aged {{Circa|{{age|570|||632|06|08}}}})<br />
| death_place = {{longitem|[[Medina]], Hejaz, Arabia<br />(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}<br />
| body_discovered = <br />
| resting_place = {{longitem|style=white-space; |[[Green Dome]] at [[al-Masjid an-Nabawi]], Medina<br />(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}<br />
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Green Dome}}<br />
| monuments = <br />
| other_names = {{unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Qasim'' ([[Kunya (Arabic)|nickname]]) |''Rasūl Allāh'' (Messenger of God) |''(see [[Names and titles of Muhammad]])''}}<br />
| years_active = {{longitem | style = white-space:nowrap; |583–609 as merchant<br />609–632 as religious leader}}<br />
| employer = <br />
| notable_works = [[Constitution of Medina]]<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = [[Succession to Muhammad]]<br />
| spouse = {{aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y<br />
| [[Muhammad's wives]] | Married<br />
| [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] |595–619<br />
| [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632<br />
| [[Aisha|Aisha bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632<br />
| [[Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632<br />
| [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]] |625–627<br />
| [[Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umayya]]|625–632<br />
| [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]] |627–632<br />
| [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]] |628–632<br />
| [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]] |628–632<br />
| [[Rayhana bint Zayd]] |629–631<br />
| [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]] |629–632<br />
| [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632<br />
| [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]] |630–632<br />
}}<br />
| children = [[Children of Muhammad|Children]]<br />
| parents = [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (father)<br>[[Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mother)<br />
| relatives = [[Family tree of Muhammad]], [[Ahl al-Bayt]]{{nbsp|2}}("Family of the House")<br />
| module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes<br />
| ism = Muhammad<br />
| nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]] ibn [[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusai]] ibn [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]]<br />
| kunya = Abu [[Qasim ibn Muhammad|al-Qasim]]<br />
| laqab = [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin|Khātim an-Nâbîyīn]] (Seal of the prophets)<br />
}}<br />
| signature = Muhammad Seal.svg<br />
}}<br />
'''Muhammad''' ({{Circa|570}} – 8 June 632) was an Arab religious, political and social leader. He founded the religion of [[Islam]] and his followers are called [[Muslims]].<ref name="OEIW">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|archivedate=11 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Muhammad {{!}} Biography|language=en|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad|accessdate=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref name="Goldman">Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant#Conquest of Palestine|invasion of Palestine]]. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,''The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,'' page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
Born in [[Mecca]], Muhammad's parents died in his childhood and he grew as an orphan. At the age of six, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him, though he died just two years later. In young life, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on [[trade]] trips. In 610 AD, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was praying, he reportedly met [[Gabriel]] and received the first revelation of the Quran. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. He started preaching [[monotheism]] publicly where he received opposition from the [[Mecca|Meccan]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]]. The polytheists boycotted Muhammad for three years, in which Muhammad could barely eat or drink. He was attacked with stones, ridiculed while praying, and eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca.<br />
<br />
While Muhammad was traveling towards Medina, he came across Taif and preached there where polytheists threw stones, causing Muhammad to bleed and almost collapse. After reaching Medina with [[Abu Bakr]], the Medinan Muslims helped Muhammad and made a [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|mosque]] there.<br />
<br />
He is believed to be a descendant of [[Ishmael]], a son of [[Abraham]], and the last of all [[Prophet|prophets]] (''the seal of the prophets''). He is seen as an example for all Muslims to follow.<br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
{{Muhammad}}<br />
=== Childhood ===<br />
Muhammad was born about 570 AD in [[Mecca]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/673/000044541/|title=Prophet Muhammad|website=nndb.com}}</ref> His father, whose name was Abdullah, died six months before Muhammad's birth. His mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. So, his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, took care of him after the death of Amina but he too died two years later when Muhammad was nine. After his grandfather's death, his uncle [[Abu Talib]] took care of him and was a support to him for many years of his adult life.<br />
<br />
=== Beginning of the prophethood ===<br />
In 610&nbsp;AD, when Muhammad was forty years old, he went for a walk to the mountain of [[Hira]] near [[Mecca]]. According to Muslims, the angel [[Gabriel|Jibrail]] (Gabriel) spoke with him in a cave on the mountain. The story says that when Muhammad first saw the angel Gabriel, he fainted because Gabriel was so large. This is what Jibrail said to Muhammad:<br />
[[File:Cave Hira.jpg|thumb|left|150px|According to Muslim tradition, the mountain of Hira was the place where Jibrail first spoke to Muhammad]]<br />
<blockquote>"Read... in the name of God Who made man from a drop of blood... God is Most Rewarding... He Who taught man to write with pen... and taught man what he knew not."<ref>This saying can be found in the Qu'ran (Chapter 96:1 - 5)</ref></blockquote><br />
Muhammad went back home to his wife Khadijah and told her what had happened. New revelations came to him commanding him to preach what was being sent ''down'' from God. When Muhammad first started teaching, many of the people of Mecca, who worshipped idols, did not like the things that Muhammad said. But there were also people who listened to his preaching and obeyed his messages. These people were the first of the followers of Islam. Leaders of Mecca punished and tortured the followers of Islam. Some followers of Islam were executed. Muhammad resisted this and continued to teach Islam.<br />
<br />
[[File:Muhammad and "shameless women" in Hell.jpg|thumb|150 px|Muhammad's journey to the Hereafter; The elements of terror and fear "that came together in ancient Israel" (in Ge-Ben Hinnom, the children who were burned and sacrificed to Molek (Jeremiah 32:35)) appear in a similar way (Molek-Malik) in the [[Hell|Jahannam]] of the Qur'an (43:77). (Miniature, 15. century)]]<br />
<br />
== The Hijrah ==<br />
{{main|Hijra (Islam)}}<br />
After Muhammad finished in Mecca, he took his message to [[Medina]], where some people learned about him and his followers. They welcomed him into their city, and Muhammad wanted them to convert to Islam. They agreed, and many of his followers went to Medina. This movement from Mecca to Medina is called the ''[[Hijrah (Islam)|Hijrah]]''. The Hijra was also the beginning of the [[Islamic calendar]]. Muhammad stayed behind until all of his people left Mecca safely.<br />
<br />
As Muhammad stayed in Mecca, his uncle Abu Lahab trained seven men to kill Muhammad in his sleep. According to history, they did not see him leave Mecca. The men went into his house and found his cousin, [[Ali]]. Abu Lahab and his horsemen went to the desert to look for him and his friend, [[Abu Bakr]].<br />
<br />
== His stay in Medina ==<br />
Muhammad and Abu Bakr arrived in Medina. Some people welcomed Muhammad to their homes. He used his [[camel]] to show everyone where he would build his house. Also, the first [[mosque]] of Medina, a small place for prayer, was built in the back of this house.<br />
<br />
The people in a strong [[Jew]]ish tribe in Medina disagreed with the teachings and rules set by Muhammad. This tribe told their allies in Mecca to sell all the things and homes that Muslims of Mecca left behind. The Muslims and those from Mecca were advised to fight for their property. Muhammad told them not to do that.<br />
<br />
Muslims were called all over Medina to gather at a mosque that Muhammad prayed in. They were told to fight against the people of Mecca who burned down their homes and stole their property.<br />
<br />
== The wars ==<br />
The [[Quraysh]] pagans of Mecca heard about this, and they sent a larger [[army]] numbering 1000 warriors to fight the Muslims. They met in [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], but the pagans were defeated and Abu Jahl, one of the pagan leaders, was also killed.<br />
<br />
But, the Muslims lost the second battle at [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]]. One year after the fight at Badr, the army of Mecca had outside help. Muslim archers failed to listen to Muhammad's instructions and [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] cleverly took advantage of that. Hamza, Muhammad's last uncle, was killed when a slave from Mecca threw a spear into his chest. Muhammad himself was injured.<br />
<br />
Then in 627, Abu Sufyan led the Quraysh and its allies to attack Medina itself. However, they could not pass the [[ditch|trench]] that the Muslims had dug around Medina. After several weeks, the coalition broke up and went home. The Medinians were considered victors.<br />
<br />
== The truce with Mecca ==<br />
After the pagans of Mecca failed to gain control of Medina, the Muslims became stronger. The pagans then decided to sign a [[Ceasefire|truce]] with the Muslims. This means that they would not fight each other for ten years. The Muslims used this as a chance to talk to other people all over [[Arabia]]. In three years, many people changed their religions to Islam.<br />
<br />
But, this truce did not last for long. After three years of it, a small group of horsemen from Mecca attacked a Muslim camp and killed a few of them. The Muslims in Medina heard of this, and the truce was canceled. Abu Sufyan, the third leader of Mecca in Muhammad's lifetime, tried to resume the truce, but Muhammad politely refused the offer. Muhammad told his followers to be ready to capture Mecca. After Mecca was captured, they went on to capture the Torkan.<br />
<br />
== The capture of Mecca ==<br />
<br />
In 630, most people in Arabia had become Muslims, and they became part of Muhammad's large army to capture Mecca. Because of the big size of the army, the people of Mecca were afraid to fight back. Abu Sufyan, who was feeling unhappy over the broken truce, went to Muhammad's camp outside Mecca to ask for forgiveness. Muhammad did not say that he would forgive him, so he returned home. While he was with Muhammad, he changed his religion to Islam by saying the Testimony (ash-Ashaada):<br />
<blockquote>"I testify that there is no other god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The next day, the Muslim army walked towards Mecca. Everyone ran to their homes and closed all doors and windows. They were afraid that the Muslims were going to kill them, because of the bad things they did to the Muslims many years ago. But, the Muslims went towards the [[Ka'aba]], believed to be built by Abraham and his elder son, Ishmael. [[Bilal ibn Ribah]], a former [[Ethiopia]]n slave, shouted out loud to the people of Mecca that they were all safe: "All those who lay down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe. All those behind closed doors are safe."<br />
<br />
Abu Sufyan heard this in his home. From this, he learns that Muhammad forgave him. At that time, Muhammad and his followers removed and broke all idols from the Kaaba. The idols were statues that were worshiped as gods. Muhammad forgave all citizens of Mecca. In the end, Bilal climbed to the top of the Kaaba and called for prayer. This was Muhammad's victory in spreading Islam all over Arabia. But, because he was old, he would not live for long.<br />
<br />
== His death ==<br />
[[File:Mescidi nebevi.JPG|180px|thumb|[[Masjid al-Nabawi]] in Medina. Muhammad is believed to be buried at the building with the green dome. It used to be his home when he was alive.]]<br />
In 632&nbsp;AD, on June 8, Muhammad became very sick. Before he died, he told his followers about his death. He is buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha in Medina, where the [[Masjid al-Nabawi]] (Mosque of the Prophet) is. In Medina, his friend Abu Bakr went to the Masjid al-Nabawi and shouted to the people:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"If any of you worship Muhammad, you should know that Muhammad is dead. But those of you who worship Allah(SWT) (God), let it be known that Allah(SWT) (God) is alive and cannot die."<ref>Muhammad’s Biography, [http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/180/ The Religion of Islam]. Found January 23, 2007</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
Although Muhammad died, Islam soon spread all over the [[Middle East]]. Then, centuries later, it continued till it reached [[Africa]], [[Asia]] and [[Europe]]. Islam has become one of the world's biggest and fastest-growing religions.<br />
<br />
==Relations==<br />
When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad, they usually follow it with ''[[May Allah's peace and blessings be upon him (Islam)|Peace and Blessings be upon him]]'' (Arabic: ''sall-Allahu `alayhi wa sallam''). For example, "Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be upon him)".<ref name="Ann Goldman 2006 p.212">Ann Goldman, Richard Hain, Stephen Liben (2006), p.212</ref> In printed matter, a calligraphic symbol is frequently used instead of printing the phrase. Sunnis believe that Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad. Shias believe that Ali should have succeeded.<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
<br />
=== Images of Muhammad ===<br />
<!--Wikipedia is a neutral source of information that does not censor material. Please do not remove images, simply because you deem them "offensive". --><br />
[[File:Maome.jpg|thumb|Anonymous illustration of [[Abu Rayhan Biruni|al-Bīrūnī]]'s ''[[The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries]]'', depicting Muhammad [[Islamic calendar#Prohibiting Nasīʾ|prohibiting Nasi']] during the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]]<!-- ''cf. Watt (1956), p. 300'' -->, 17th-century Ottoman copy of a 14th-century ([[Ilkhanate]]) manuscript (Edinburgh codex).]]<br />
<br />
Most Muslims do not make or show images of Muhammad. The Qur'an does not state that images of Muhammad must not ever be made, but it does contain passages that forbid the creation of idols. There are also passages against the creation of images of God in the [[Hadith]]. Muslims, especially [[Sunni]] Muslims, believe there should be no pictures of Muhammad. When people create images of Muhammad, some Muslims may view this as disrespectful, offensive, and emotionally injurious.<br />
<br />
In 2005, a Danish newspaper published [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|political cartoons]] of Muhammad. More than 100 people died during the ensuing demonstrations. [[Johan Galtung]], a Norwegian mathematician and peace activist, tried to help both sides come together and talk about this. According to Galtung, the attacks against Danish institutions ended after the government had invited talks.{{Citation_needed}}<br />
<br />
On 7th January 2015 the Kouachi brothers, hooded and armed with Kalashnikovs, burst into the editorial meeting of the magazine Charlie Hebdo, shooting at the assembled people. They killed cartoonists Cabu, Charb, Honoré, Tignous and Wolinski, psychoanalyst Elsa Cayat, economist Bernard Maris, proof-reader Mustapha Ourrad, police officer Frank Brinsolaro who was protecting Charb, Michel Renaud, founder of the Rendez-vous du Carnet de voyage festival invited to the meeting, and caretaker Frédéric Boisseau. They also seriously wounded cartoonist Riss, journalists Philippe Lançon and Fabrice Nicolino, and webmaster Simon Fieschi.<br />
<br />
As they left the building, just before killing policeman Ahmed Merabet who was lying on the pavement wounded and begging for mercy, the terrorists shouted: “We’ve avenged the prophet, Muhammad”.<br />
<br />
In addition, the following murders have been officially linked to the Charlie Hebdo massacre: Clarissa Jean-Philippe, 27, a policewoman was killed in the suburb of Montrouge. Four people were taken hostage at a supermarket in the east of Paris. These were Yohan Cohen, 20, who worked at the supermarket, Philippe Braham, 45, a business manager for an IT firm, Yoav Hattab, 21, a student and the youngest supermarket victim, Francois-Michel Saada, 64, was a former pension fund manager.<br />
<br />
Amedy Coulibaly, 32, the hostage-taker in the supermarket, has also been linked by Paris prosecutors to the shooting and wounding of a 32-year-old jogger in a park in south-west Paris, on the day of the Charlie Hebdo attack.<br />
<br />
== Wives ==<br />
A list of his wives' names in chronological order<br />
<br />
===[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]===<br />
<br />
Abdullah ibn Jafar reported that he heard Sayyiduna Ali saying in Kufa that Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best of the women of her time was Maryam, daughter of Imran, and the best of women of her time was Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid." She was 40 years old when they got married.<br />
<br />
=== [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] ===<br />
<br />
Sawda bint Zam'a was the first woman to immigrate to Abyssinia in the way of Allah.<br />
<br />
=== [[Aisha]] ===<br />
<br />
Aisha was a young girl. She is described <!-- within Muslim scripture --> as very intelligent with a very good memory. Aisha spent the next nine years of her life with Muhammad, she remembered all that she saw and heard with great clarity, and reported a lot of Muhammad's narrations. She married Muhammad when she was nine years old.<br />
<br />
=== [[Hafsa bint Umar]]===<br />
<br />
By marrying Hafsa, Muhammad strengthened the ties between two of his closest Companions, the two who would become the first two rightly guided khalifs after his death. He was now married to the daughter of Abu Bakr, A'isha, and to the daughter of Umar, Hafsa.<br />
<br />
=== [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]]===<br />
<br />
She offered herself in marriage to Muhammad who accepted her proposal and married her. Zaynab bint Khuzayma was seen by the community as very generous to orphans and the poor, later becoming known as the 'Mother of the Poor'. She died only eight months after.<br />
<br />
=== [[Umm Salama]]===<br />
<br />
She was not the only wife to have been widowed as a result of the battle of Uhud, and because of this marriage, many of the Companions followed Muhammad's example, marrying widows and bringing them and their children into the circle of their families, instead of leaving them to struggle on their own.<br />
<br />
=== [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]]===<br />
<br />
As with all the marriages of Muhammad, there was much for all the Muslims to learn from it. This one was to show that Zayed ibn Haretha was not Muhammad's son and to demonstrate that the social level matters when it comes to marriage. She bragged about the fact that her marriage had been arranged by Allah. It was at this point that Muhammad changed her name from Barra to Zaynab.<br />
<br />
=== [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]]===<br />
<br />
Muhammad was thinking of how to save her and all her tribe from danger. By marrying Juwayriyya, the Banu Mustaliq would be able to enter Islam with honor, and with the humiliation of their recent defeat removed, so that it would no longer be felt necessary by them to embark on a war of vengeance that would have continued until one of the two parties had been annihilated.<br />
<br />
=== [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]]===<br />
<br />
She said that once Muhammad said to her, "A house will be built in Heaven for anyone who, in the space of a day and a night, prays twelve voluntary prayers;" and she added, "I have never stopped doing this since"<br />
<br />
=== [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]]===<br />
<br />
The only person who could save her from becoming a slave after having enjoyed such a high position was Muhammad. Although her father had planned to assassinate Muhammad after the battle of Uhud and had conspired with the Banu Qurayza to exterminate all the Muslims during the battle of al-Khandaq. Muslims believe that this was characteristic of Muhammad, as he is believed to not have any grudges.<br />
<br />
=== [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]]===<br />
<br />
Muhammad gave her the name, Maymuna, meaning "blessed", and Maymuna lived with Muhammad for just over three years, until his death. She was said to be very good-natured and is said to have got on well with everyone and no quarrel or disagreement with any of Muhammad's other wives has been related to her. Aisha said, "Among us, she had the most fear of Allah and did the most to maintain ties of kinship."<br />
<br />
=== [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]]===<br />
<br />
Maria is said to have been honored and respected by Muhammad and his family and Companions. She spent three years of her life with Muhammad, until his death, and died five years later. For the last five years of her life, she remained a recluse and almost never went out except to visit the grave of Muhammad or her son's grave. After her death, Umar ibn al Khattab led the prayer over her and she was buried in al Baqi.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
{{Reflist|group=n}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<div class="references-small"><br />
* {{cite book | author=Adil Salahi | title=Muhammad: Man and Prophet| url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadmanproph0000sala_q2x9 | publisher=Islamic Foundation (UK) | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86204-290-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Andrae, Tor | title=Mohammed: The Man and His Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/mohammedmanhisfa0000andr_k5k0 | publisher=Dover | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-486-41136-1}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Armstrong, Karen | title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet | location=San Francisco | publisher=Harper | year=1993 | isbn=978-0-06-250886-7}}<br />
* {{cite book | editor=Berg, Herbert | title=Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins | publisher=E. J. Brill | year=2003 | isbn=978-90-04-12602-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Cook, Michael | title=Muhammad | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-19-287605-8 |edition=reissue 1996}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Dashti, Ali | title=Twenty-Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad | publisher=Mazda | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-56859-029-5}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Hamidullah, Muhammad | title=The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam | publisher=(s.n.)(Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute) | year=1998 | isbn=978-969-8413-00-2}}<br />
* {{cite book |editor=Motzki, Harald | title=The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, Vol. 32) |url=https://archive.org/details/biographyofmuham0000unse | publisher=Brill | year=2000 |isbn=978-90-04-11513-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad | publisher=New Publishers | year=1961 | isbn=978-1-56584-752-1}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86064-827-4}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rubin, Uri | title=The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (A Textual Analysis) | url=https://archive.org/details/eyeofbeholderlif0000rubi | publisher=Darwin Press | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-87850-110-6}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Schimmel, Annemarie | title=And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety | publisher=The University of North Carolina Press | year=1985 | isbn=978-0-8078-4128-0}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Stillman, Norman | year=1975 | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: a History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | isbn=978-0-8276-0198-7}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Warraq, Ibn | title=The Quest for the Historical Muhammad | publisher=Prometheus Books | year=2000 | isbn=978-1-57392-787-1}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
{{sisterlinks|Muhammad}}<br />
<br />
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105853/Muhammad Muhammad], article on ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''<br />
* [https://www.pbs.org/muhammad Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site]<br />
* [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205025734/http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx |date=2009-02-05 }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:570 births]]<br />
[[Category:632 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Muhammad| ]]<br />
[[Category:Former good articles]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&diff=359795Muhammad2022-11-22T23:10:05Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
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{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]]<br />
| name = {{large|Muhammad}}<br />{{lang|ar|مُحَمَّد}}<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = File:Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg<br />
| caption = "Muhammad the Apostle of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi|Prophet's Mosque]] in Medina<br />
| birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{lang-ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}})<br />
| birth_date = {{circa|570}}<br />
| birth_place = {{longitem|[[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]<br />(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}<br />
| death_date = 8 June 632 (aged {{Circa|{{age|570|||632|06|08}}}})<br />
| death_place = {{longitem|[[Medina]], Hejaz, Arabia<br />(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}<br />
| body_discovered = <br />
| resting_place = {{longitem|style=white-space; |[[Green Dome]] at [[al-Masjid an-Nabawi]], Medina<br />(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}<br />
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Green Dome}}<br />
| monuments = <br />
| other_names = {{unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Qasim'' ([[Kunya (Arabic)|nickname]]) |''Rasūl Allāh'' (Messenger of God) |''(see [[Names and titles of Muhammad]])''}}<br />
| years_active = {{longitem | style = white-space:nowrap; |583–609 as merchant<br />609–632 as religious leader}}<br />
| employer = <br />
| notable_works = [[Constitution of Medina]]<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = [[Succession to Muhammad]]<br />
| spouse = {{aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y<br />
| [[Muhammad's wives]] | Married<br />
| [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] |595–619<br />
| [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632<br />
| [[Aisha|Aisha bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632<br />
| [[Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632<br />
| [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]] |625–627<br />
| [[Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umayya]]|625–632<br />
| [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]] |627–632<br />
| [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]] |628–632<br />
| [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]] |628–632<br />
| [[Rayhana bint Zayd]] |629–631<br />
| [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]] |629–632<br />
| [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632<br />
| [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]] |630–632<br />
}}<br />
| children = [[Children of Muhammad|Children]]<br />
| parents = [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (father)<br>[[Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mother)<br />
| relatives = [[Family tree of Muhammad]], [[Ahl al-Bayt]]{{nbsp|2}}("Family of the House")<br />
| module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes<br />
| ism = Muhammad<br />
| nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]] ibn [[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusai]] ibn [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]]<br />
| kunya = Abu [[Qasim ibn Muhammad|al-Qasim]]<br />
| laqab = [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin|Khātim an-Nâbîyīn]] (Seal of the prophets)<br />
}}<br />
| signature = Muhammad Seal.svg<br />
}}<br />
'''Muhammad''' ({{Circa|570}} – 8 June 632) was the prophet of '''Allah''', he was sent with the religion of [[Islam]] to the whole world and his followers are called [[Muslims]].<ref name="OEIW">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|archivedate=11 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Muhammad {{!}} Biography|language=en|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad|accessdate=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref name="Goldman">Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant#Conquest of Palestine|invasion of Palestine]]. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,''The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,'' page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
Born in [[Mecca]], Muhammad's parents died in his childhood and he grew as an orphan. At the age of six, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him, though he died just two years later. In young life, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on [[trade]] trips. In 610 AD, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was praying, he reportedly met [[Gabriel]] and received the first revelation of the Quran. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. He started preaching [[monotheism]] publicly where he received opposition from the [[Mecca|Meccan]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]]. The polytheists boycotted Muhammad for three years, in which Muhammad could barely eat or drink. He was attacked with stones, ridiculed while praying, and eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca.<br />
<br />
While Muhammad was traveling towards Medina, he came across Taif and preached there where polytheists threw stones, causing Muhammad to bleed and almost collapse. After reaching Medina with [[Abu Bakr]], the Medinan Muslims helped Muhammad and made a [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|mosque]] there.<br />
<br />
He is believed to be a descendant of [[Ishmael]], a son of [[Abraham]], and the last of all [[Prophet|prophets]] (''the seal of the prophets''). He is seen as an example for all Muslims to follow.<br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
{{Muhammad}}<br />
=== Childhood ===<br />
Muhammad was born about 570 AD in [[Mecca]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/673/000044541/|title=Prophet Muhammad|website=nndb.com}}</ref> His father, whose name was Abdullah, died six months before Muhammad's birth. His mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. So, his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, took care of him after the death of Amina but he too died two years later when Muhammad was nine. After his grandfather's death, his uncle [[Abu Talib]] took care of him and was a support to him for many years of his adult life.<br />
<br />
=== Beginning of the prophethood ===<br />
In 610&nbsp;AD, when Muhammad was forty years old, he went for a walk to the mountain of [[Hira]] near [[Mecca]]. According to Muslims, the angel [[Gabriel|Jibrail]] (Gabriel) spoke with him in a cave on the mountain. The story says that when Muhammad first saw the angel Gabriel, he fainted because Gabriel was so large. This is what Jibrail said to Muhammad:<br />
[[File:Cave Hira.jpg|thumb|left|150px|According to Muslim tradition, the mountain of Hira was the place where Jibrail first spoke to Muhammad]]<br />
<blockquote>"Read... in the name of God Who made man from a drop of blood... God is Most Rewarding... He Who taught man to write with pen... and taught man what he knew not."<ref>This saying can be found in the Qu'ran (Chapter 96:1 - 5)</ref></blockquote><br />
Muhammad went back home to his wife Khadijah and told her what had happened. New revelations came to him commanding him to preach what was being sent ''down'' from God. When Muhammad first started teaching, many of the people of Mecca, who worshipped idols, did not like the things that Muhammad said. But there were also people who listened to his preaching and obeyed his messages. These people were the first of the followers of Islam. Leaders of Mecca punished and tortured the followers of Islam. Some followers of Islam were executed. Muhammad resisted this and continued to teach Islam.<br />
<br />
[[File:Muhammad and "shameless women" in Hell.jpg|thumb|150 px|Muhammad's journey to the Hereafter; The elements of terror and fear "that came together in ancient Israel" (in Ge-Ben Hinnom, the children who were burned and sacrificed to Molek (Jeremiah 32:35)) appear in a similar way (Molek-Malik) in the [[Hell|Jahannam]] of the Qur'an (43:77). (Miniature, 15. century)]]<br />
<br />
== The Hijrah ==<br />
{{main|Hijra (Islam)}}<br />
After Muhammad finished in Mecca, he took his message to [[Medina]], where some people learned about him and his followers. They welcomed him into their city, and Muhammad wanted them to convert to Islam. They agreed, and many of his followers went to Medina. This movement from Mecca to Medina is called the ''[[Hijrah (Islam)|Hijrah]]''. The Hijra was also the beginning of the [[Islamic calendar]]. Muhammad stayed behind until all of his people left Mecca safely.<br />
<br />
As Muhammad stayed in Mecca, his uncle Abu Lahab trained seven men to kill Muhammad in his sleep. According to history, they did not see him leave Mecca. The men went into his house and found his cousin, [[Ali]]. Abu Lahab and his horsemen went to the desert to look for him and his friend, [[Abu Bakr]].<br />
<br />
== His stay in Medina ==<br />
Muhammad and Abu Bakr arrived in Medina. Some people welcomed Muhammad to their homes. He used his [[camel]] to show everyone where he would build his house. Also, the first [[mosque]] of Medina, a small place for prayer, was built in the back of this house.<br />
<br />
The people in a strong [[Jew]]ish tribe in Medina disagreed with the teachings and rules set by Muhammad. This tribe told their allies in Mecca to sell all the things and homes that Muslims of Mecca left behind. The Muslims and those from Mecca were advised to fight for their property. Muhammad told them not to do that.<br />
<br />
Muslims were called all over Medina to gather at a mosque that Muhammad prayed in. They were told to fight against the people of Mecca who burned down their homes and stole their property.<br />
<br />
== The wars ==<br />
The [[Quraysh]] pagans of Mecca heard about this, and they sent a larger [[army]] numbering 1000 warriors to fight the Muslims. They met in [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], but the pagans were defeated and Abu Jahl, one of the pagan leaders, was also killed.<br />
<br />
But, the Muslims lost the second battle at [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]]. One year after the fight at Badr, the army of Mecca had outside help. Muslim archers failed to listen to Muhammad's instructions and [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] cleverly took advantage of that. Hamza, Muhammad's last uncle, was killed when a slave from Mecca threw a spear into his chest. Muhammad himself was injured.<br />
<br />
Then in 627, Abu Sufyan led the Quraysh and its allies to attack Medina itself. However, they could not pass the [[ditch|trench]] that the Muslims had dug around Medina. After several weeks, the coalition broke up and went home. The Medinians were considered victors.<br />
<br />
== The truce with Mecca ==<br />
After the pagans of Mecca failed to gain control of Medina, the Muslims became stronger. The pagans then decided to sign a [[Ceasefire|truce]] with the Muslims. This means that they would not fight each other for ten years. The Muslims used this as a chance to talk to other people all over [[Arabia]]. In three years, many people changed their religions to Islam.<br />
<br />
But, this truce did not last for long. After three years of it, a small group of horsemen from Mecca attacked a Muslim camp and killed a few of them. The Muslims in Medina heard of this, and the truce was canceled. Abu Sufyan, the third leader of Mecca in Muhammad's lifetime, tried to resume the truce, but Muhammad politely refused the offer. Muhammad told his followers to be ready to capture Mecca. After Mecca was captured, they went on to capture the Torkan.<br />
<br />
== The capture of Mecca ==<br />
<br />
In 630, most people in Arabia had become Muslims, and they became part of Muhammad's large army to capture Mecca. Because of the big size of the army, the people of Mecca were afraid to fight back. Abu Sufyan, who was feeling unhappy over the broken truce, went to Muhammad's camp outside Mecca to ask for forgiveness. Muhammad did not say that he would forgive him, so he returned home. While he was with Muhammad, he changed his religion to Islam by saying the Testimony (ash-Ashaada):<br />
<blockquote>"I testify that there is no other god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The next day, the Muslim army walked towards Mecca. Everyone ran to their homes and closed all doors and windows. They were afraid that the Muslims were going to kill them, because of the bad things they did to the Muslims many years ago. But, the Muslims went towards the [[Ka'aba]], believed to be built by Abraham and his elder son, Ishmael. [[Bilal ibn Ribah]], a former [[Ethiopia]]n slave, shouted out loud to the people of Mecca that they were all safe: "All those who lay down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe. All those behind closed doors are safe."<br />
<br />
Abu Sufyan heard this in his home. From this, he learns that Muhammad forgave him. At that time, Muhammad and his followers removed and broke all idols from the Kaaba. The idols were statues that were worshiped as gods. Muhammad forgave all citizens of Mecca. In the end, Bilal climbed to the top of the Kaaba and called for prayer. This was Muhammad's victory in spreading Islam all over Arabia. But, because he was old, he would not live for long.<br />
<br />
== His death ==<br />
[[File:Mescidi nebevi.JPG|180px|thumb|[[Masjid al-Nabawi]] in Medina. Muhammad is believed to be buried at the building with the green dome. It used to be his home when he was alive.]]<br />
In 632&nbsp;AD, on June 8, Muhammad became very sick. Before he died, he told his followers about his death. He is buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha in Medina, where the [[Masjid al-Nabawi]] (Mosque of the Prophet) is. In Medina, his friend Abu Bakr went to the Masjid al-Nabawi and shouted to the people:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"If any of you worship Muhammad, you should know that Muhammad is dead. But those of you who worship Allah(SWT) (God), let it be known that Allah(SWT) (God) is alive and cannot die."<ref>Muhammad’s Biography, [http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/180/ The Religion of Islam]. Found January 23, 2007</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
Although Muhammad died, Islam soon spread all over the [[Middle East]]. Then, centuries later, it continued till it reached [[Africa]], [[Asia]] and [[Europe]]. Islam has become one of the world's biggest and fastest-growing religions.<br />
<br />
==Relations==<br />
When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad, they usually follow it with ''[[May Allah's peace and blessings be upon him (Islam)|Peace and Blessings be upon him]]'' (Arabic: ''sall-Allahu `alayhi wa sallam''). For example, "Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be upon him)".<ref name="Ann Goldman 2006 p.212">Ann Goldman, Richard Hain, Stephen Liben (2006), p.212</ref> In printed matter, a calligraphic symbol is frequently used instead of printing the phrase. Sunnis believe that Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad. Shias believe that Ali should have succeeded.<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
<br />
=== Images of Muhammad ===<br />
<!--Wikipedia is a neutral source of information that does not censor material. Please do not remove images, simply because you deem them "offensive". --><br />
[[File:Maome.jpg|thumb|Anonymous illustration of [[Abu Rayhan Biruni|al-Bīrūnī]]'s ''[[The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries]]'', depicting Muhammad [[Islamic calendar#Prohibiting Nasīʾ|prohibiting Nasi']] during the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]]<!-- ''cf. Watt (1956), p. 300'' -->, 17th-century Ottoman copy of a 14th-century ([[Ilkhanate]]) manuscript (Edinburgh codex).]]<br />
<br />
Most Muslims do not make or show images of Muhammad. The Qur'an does not state that images of Muhammad must not ever be made, but it does contain passages that forbid the creation of idols. There are also passages against the creation of images of God in the [[Hadith]]. Muslims, especially [[Sunni]] Muslims, believe there should be no pictures of Muhammad. When people create images of Muhammad, some Muslims may view this as disrespectful, offensive, and emotionally injurious.<br />
<br />
In 2005, a Danish newspaper published [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|political cartoons]] of Muhammad. More than 100 people died during the ensuing demonstrations. [[Johan Galtung]], a Norwegian mathematician and peace activist, tried to help both sides come together and talk about this. According to Galtung, the attacks against Danish institutions ended after the government had invited talks.{{Citation_needed}}<br />
<br />
On 7th January 2015 the Kouachi brothers, hooded and armed with Kalashnikovs, burst into the editorial meeting of the magazine Charlie Hebdo, shooting at the assembled people. They killed cartoonists Cabu, Charb, Honoré, Tignous and Wolinski, psychoanalyst Elsa Cayat, economist Bernard Maris, proof-reader Mustapha Ourrad, police officer Frank Brinsolaro who was protecting Charb, Michel Renaud, founder of the Rendez-vous du Carnet de voyage festival invited to the meeting, and caretaker Frédéric Boisseau. They also seriously wounded cartoonist Riss, journalists Philippe Lançon and Fabrice Nicolino, and webmaster Simon Fieschi.<br />
<br />
As they left the building, just before killing policeman Ahmed Merabet who was lying on the pavement wounded and begging for mercy, the terrorists shouted: “We’ve avenged the prophet, Muhammad”.<br />
<br />
In addition, the following murders have been officially linked to the Charlie Hebdo massacre: Clarissa Jean-Philippe, 27, a policewoman was killed in the suburb of Montrouge. Four people were taken hostage at a supermarket in the east of Paris. These were Yohan Cohen, 20, who worked at the supermarket, Philippe Braham, 45, a business manager for an IT firm, Yoav Hattab, 21, a student and the youngest supermarket victim, Francois-Michel Saada, 64, was a former pension fund manager.<br />
<br />
Amedy Coulibaly, 32, the hostage-taker in the supermarket, has also been linked by Paris prosecutors to the shooting and wounding of a 32-year-old jogger in a park in south-west Paris, on the day of the Charlie Hebdo attack.<br />
<br />
== Wives ==<br />
A list of his wives' names in chronological order<br />
<br />
===[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]===<br />
<br />
Abdullah ibn Jafar reported that he heard Sayyiduna Ali saying in Kufa that Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best of the women of her time was Maryam, daughter of Imran, and the best of women of her time was Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid." She was 40 years old when they got married.<br />
<br />
=== [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] ===<br />
<br />
Sawda bint Zam'a was the first woman to immigrate to Abyssinia in the way of Allah.<br />
<br />
=== [[Aisha]] ===<br />
<br />
Aisha was a young girl. She is described <!-- within Muslim scripture --> as very intelligent with a very good memory. Aisha spent the next nine years of her life with Muhammad, she remembered all that she saw and heard with great clarity, and reported a lot of Muhammad's narrations. She married Muhammad when she was nine years old.<br />
<br />
=== [[Hafsa bint Umar]]===<br />
<br />
By marrying Hafsa, Muhammad strengthened the ties between two of his closest Companions, the two who would become the first two rightly guided khalifs after his death. He was now married to the daughter of Abu Bakr, A'isha, and to the daughter of Umar, Hafsa.<br />
<br />
=== [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]]===<br />
<br />
She offered herself in marriage to Muhammad who accepted her proposal and married her. Zaynab bint Khuzayma was seen by the community as very generous to orphans and the poor, later becoming known as the 'Mother of the Poor'. She died only eight months after.<br />
<br />
=== [[Umm Salama]]===<br />
<br />
She was not the only wife to have been widowed as a result of the battle of Uhud, and because of this marriage, many of the Companions followed Muhammad's example, marrying widows and bringing them and their children into the circle of their families, instead of leaving them to struggle on their own.<br />
<br />
=== [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]]===<br />
<br />
As with all the marriages of Muhammad, there was much for all the Muslims to learn from it. This one was to show that Zayed ibn Haretha was not Muhammad's son and to demonstrate that the social level matters when it comes to marriage. She bragged about the fact that her marriage had been arranged by Allah. It was at this point that Muhammad changed her name from Barra to Zaynab.<br />
<br />
=== [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]]===<br />
<br />
Muhammad was thinking of how to save her and all her tribe from danger. By marrying Juwayriyya, the Banu Mustaliq would be able to enter Islam with honor, and with the humiliation of their recent defeat removed, so that it would no longer be felt necessary by them to embark on a war of vengeance that would have continued until one of the two parties had been annihilated.<br />
<br />
=== [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]]===<br />
<br />
She said that once Muhammad said to her, "A house will be built in Heaven for anyone who, in the space of a day and a night, prays twelve voluntary prayers;" and she added, "I have never stopped doing this since"<br />
<br />
=== [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]]===<br />
<br />
The only person who could save her from becoming a slave after having enjoyed such a high position was Muhammad. Although her father had planned to assassinate Muhammad after the battle of Uhud and had conspired with the Banu Qurayza to exterminate all the Muslims during the battle of al-Khandaq. Muslims believe that this was characteristic of Muhammad, as he is believed to not have any grudges.<br />
<br />
=== [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]]===<br />
<br />
Muhammad gave her the name, Maymuna, meaning "blessed", and Maymuna lived with Muhammad for just over three years, until his death. She was said to be very good-natured and is said to have got on well with everyone and no quarrel or disagreement with any of Muhammad's other wives has been related to her. Aisha said, "Among us, she had the most fear of Allah and did the most to maintain ties of kinship."<br />
<br />
=== [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]]===<br />
<br />
Maria is said to have been honored and respected by Muhammad and his family and Companions. She spent three years of her life with Muhammad, until his death, and died five years later. For the last five years of her life, she remained a recluse and almost never went out except to visit the grave of Muhammad or her son's grave. After her death, Umar ibn al Khattab led the prayer over her and she was buried in al Baqi.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
{{Reflist|group=n}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<div class="references-small"><br />
* {{cite book | author=Adil Salahi | title=Muhammad: Man and Prophet| url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadmanproph0000sala_q2x9 | publisher=Islamic Foundation (UK) | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86204-290-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Andrae, Tor | title=Mohammed: The Man and His Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/mohammedmanhisfa0000andr_k5k0 | publisher=Dover | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-486-41136-1}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Armstrong, Karen | title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet | location=San Francisco | publisher=Harper | year=1993 | isbn=978-0-06-250886-7}}<br />
* {{cite book | editor=Berg, Herbert | title=Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins | publisher=E. J. Brill | year=2003 | isbn=978-90-04-12602-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Cook, Michael | title=Muhammad | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-19-287605-8 |edition=reissue 1996}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Dashti, Ali | title=Twenty-Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad | publisher=Mazda | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-56859-029-5}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Hamidullah, Muhammad | title=The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam | publisher=(s.n.)(Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute) | year=1998 | isbn=978-969-8413-00-2}}<br />
* {{cite book |editor=Motzki, Harald | title=The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, Vol. 32) |url=https://archive.org/details/biographyofmuham0000unse | publisher=Brill | year=2000 |isbn=978-90-04-11513-2}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad | publisher=New Publishers | year=1961 | isbn=978-1-56584-752-1}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86064-827-4}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Rubin, Uri | title=The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (A Textual Analysis) | url=https://archive.org/details/eyeofbeholderlif0000rubi | publisher=Darwin Press | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-87850-110-6}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Schimmel, Annemarie | title=And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety | publisher=The University of North Carolina Press | year=1985 | isbn=978-0-8078-4128-0}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Stillman, Norman | year=1975 | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: a History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | isbn=978-0-8276-0198-7}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Warraq, Ibn | title=The Quest for the Historical Muhammad | publisher=Prometheus Books | year=2000 | isbn=978-1-57392-787-1}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{sisterlinks|Muhammad}}<br />
<br />
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105853/Muhammad Muhammad], article on ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''<br />
* [https://www.pbs.org/muhammad Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site]<br />
* [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205025734/http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx |date=2009-02-05 }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:570 births]]<br />
[[Category:632 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Muhammad| ]]<br />
[[Category:Former good articles]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_James_Clarke&diff=359794Dan James Clarke2022-11-22T23:08:02Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
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<div>{{Multiple issues|{{coi|date=September 2021}}{{advert|date=September 2021}}}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name =Dan James Clarke<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = 300px<br />
| birth_date =March 25, 2001<br />
| nationality =London, United Kingdom<br />
| occupation =Entrepreneur<br />
| years_active =2010-present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dan James Clarke''' is a British entrepreneur who specializes in branding. He has conducted branding for major social media platforms such as TikTok as well as providing expert advice in social media growth to brands, influencers, music artists, models and celebrities. He now invests in future innovative technologies and sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/style/following-success-dan-james-clarke-103837151.html|title=Following the Success of Dan James Clarke, One of the UK’s Most Successful Social Media Entrepreneurs|website=Yahoo}}</ref><br />
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Clarke grew up in London, UK where he lived with his mother, Kerstine Clarke. He had a passion for Psychology and studies of nonverbal communication, as well as having a strong love for travel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/amp/lifestyle/culture/article/what-makes-dan-james-clarke-an-outstanding-social-media-entrepreneur-at-just-20-23165768|title=What makes Dan James Clarke an outstanding social media entrepreneur at just 20?|website=Midday}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Clarke initially started his ventures in 2015, at just 14 years old. He grew multiple theme pages on Instagram. In 2019 he started marketing for popular applications and social media platforms including TikTok, Yubo and calm app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.usejournal.com/social-media-the-modern-day-drug-5999231e97b3?gi=5fcc901c262|title=Social Media: The Modern Day Drug|website=Use Journal}}</ref> <br />
He eventually found a passion for writing, initially publishing his first article on medium called “Social media: the modern day drug”. Since then he has published his best selling Amazon book: “I’m Way Too Sober For This Sh*t?! In 2020, Clarke started providing social media services to multiple well known clients including Bryce Monkivitch, Tms Tystar, Chris Mark Featherstone, Scotty Chickens and many more. Dan James Clarke’s estimated net worth is $1.5m <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessdeccan.com/meet-dan-james-clarke-author-of-im-way-too-sober-for-this-sht-and-popular-social-media-entrepreneur/|title=Meet Dan James Clarke, Author of ‘I’m Way Too Sober For This Sh*t?!’ and Popular Social Media Entrepreneur|website=Business Deccan}}</ref> <br />
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==Awards== <br />
Jack Petchey Award (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/brandspot/pr-spot/dan-james-clarke-s-journey-from-being-bullied-at-school-to-being-the-best-social-media-entrepreneur-966270.html|title=Dan James Clarke has made his name in field of social media|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> <br />
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==Social Media==<br />
Dan James Clarke on Facebook<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/danjamesclarke|title=Dan James}}</ref> <br />
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Dan James Clarke on Instagram<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://instagram.com/dan_clrk|title=Dan James Clarke}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{cat improve|date=August 2021}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam&diff=359793Islam2022-11-22T22:57:46Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
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<div>{{Islam}} [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|thumb|100px|Star and Crescent, the symbol of Islam]]<br />
'''Islam''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|s|l|ɑː|m}};<ref group="note">There are ten pronunciations of ''Islam'' in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the ''s'' is {{IPAc-en|z}} or {{IPAc-en|s}}, and whether the ''a'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ɑː}}, {{IPAc-en|æ}} or (when the stress is on the first syllable) {{IPAc-en|ə}} (Merriam Webster). The most common are {{IPAc-en|ɪ|z|ˈ|l|ɑː|m|,_|ɪ|s|'|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ə|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|s|l|ə|m}} (Oxford English Dictionary, Random House) and {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|s|l|ɑː|m}} (American Heritage Dictionary).</ref> {{lang-ar|الإسلام|al-Islām}}, {{IPA-ar|alʔɪsˈlaːm||ar-al_islam.ogg}}) is an [[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic]] [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] [[religion]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam|title=Islam {{!}} religion|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2018-10-04|language=en}}</ref> All of its teachings and beliefs are written out in the [[Quran]] (also spelled Qur'an or Koran), the holy scripture of Islam. Believers of Islam are called '''[[Muslims]]'''. A non-Muslim is called a '''[[Kafir]]''' in '''Islam'''. Islam means submission to the '''will of [[God in Islam|God]].''' They believe that the Quran was spoken to [[Muhammad|Muhammad]] by the angel [[Gabriel]]. The Quran is regarded as the word of [[God]] (or [[Allah]]). The muslims view [[Muhammad]] as a [[prophet]] and [[messenger]] of God. Other beliefs and rules about what Muslims should do come from [[Hadith|reports of what Muhammad taught]] '''([[Hadith]])'''.<ref>Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. A textbook of Hadith studies: authenticity, compilation, classification and criticism of Hadith. Kube Publishing Ltd, 2014.</ref><br />
<br />
Linguistically, Islam is defined as surrender to the command of [[God in Islam|God as per Islam]], without objection, without submission, rebellion, and stubbornness. As for its idiomatic meaning, it is the religion that was brought by “Muhammad bin Abdullah,” sent by Almighty God, and which Muslims believe is the law with which God sealed the heavenly messages. In a hadith on the authority of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet Muhammad defined Islam: “By worshiping God and not associating anything with Him, performing the prayer, paying the obligatory zakat, fasting Ramadan and performing the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia.” <br />
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[[Muslim saints|Muslims]] believe that there were many other prophets before Muhammad since dawn of humanity, beginning with the Prophet [[Adam and Eve|Adam]] and including the Prophet [[Noah]] (Nuh), the Prophet [[Ibrahim|Abraham]] (Ibrahim), the Prophet [[Moses]] (Musa), and the Prophet [[Jesus]] (Isa). They believe that all these prophets were given messages by God of the oneness of God to their communities at different times in history of mankind, but [[Satan]] (referred to as 'Shaytan' in Arabic) made the past communities deviate from the message of oneness and other social codes. Muslims believe that the content of the Quran (written in Arabic) is protected by Allah as mentioned in the Quran and is the final message of God for all of mankind until the day of judgment.<br />
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Most Muslims belong to one of two groups. The most common is [[Sunni Islam]] (75–90% of all Muslims are Sunni Muslims). The second is [[Shia Islam]] (10–20% of all Muslims are Shias – also called Shiites). But there are many more groups like the Alevis in Turkey.<br />
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With about 1.75 [[Billionaire|billion]] followers (24% of the world's population), Islam is the second-largest religion in the world. Islam is also the fastest-growing religion in the world. Islam is also the second-largest and fastest-growing religion in Europe.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{Main|History of Islam}}<br />
Muslims believe the Qur'an was first revealed to [[Muhammad]] by the [[angel|archangel]] [[Gabriel]] in a [[cave]] on the [[mountain]] of [[Hira]] in Mecca, and then over a period of twenty-three years until his [[death]].<br />
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==Beliefs and practices ==<br />
[[File:Mosque.jpg|thumb|Men praying in a [[mosque]].]]<br />
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[[File:Biggest Quran book -Bait al- Quran.jpg|thumb|235x235px|The Qur'an is the holy book to Muslims. They believe it holds the revealed word of God]]According to the Qur’an, Muslims believe in God, his angels, his books, his messengers, the Last Day, and Fate. In accordance with a Qur’anic verse: “We have created everything with predestination As much is good and bad". And in hadith the Messenger Muhammad when he said that faith is: “to believe in God, his angels, his books, his messengers, and the Last Day, and believe in the destiny of good and bad.” Muslims believe that God is the one God who created the universe with everything in it. The [[Qur'an|Qur’an]] revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through Gabriel. They believe that he is the final messenger of all messengers that are sent before him. The Prophets are human beings and children of Adam, whom God chose to be his messengers. Muslims believe that the prophets are not gods, but merely human beings with some miracles to prove their prophethood. They are the ones who receive divine revelation.<br />
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The Quran mentions the names of many prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and others. According to the Qur’an, all of the prophets were Muslims who preached Islam, but with different laws. Islam is defined in the Qur’an as “the instinct of God upon which people have broken in.” "Therefore set your face to the religion purely, the upright creation upon which He originated people. There is no change in the creation of Allah. This is the valuable religion, although most people do not know} (The Romans -Ar-Rum Surah, versus 30) Muslims also believe that Hanifism is the basis of Abraham's religion. And they see that the difference between the Abrahamic religions is in the Sharia (Law) only and not in the creed and that the Sharia of Islam abrogates what preceded it from the Sharia. this means that Islamic religion consists of Belief and Sharia.<br />
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As for belief, it is the set of principles that a [[Muslims|Muslim]] must believe in, and it is fixed and does not differ according to the different prophets. As for Sharia (Law), it is the name for practical rulings that differ according to the different messengers.<br />
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=== The Five Pillars of Islam ===<br />
{{main|Five Pillars of Islam}}<br />
According to Islamic tradition, there are five basic things that Muslims should do. They are called "The Five Pillars of Islam":<br />
#'''Shahadah''': The Testimony (faith in English) is the core of the Muslim belief that there is no god but Allah himself, and that Muhammad is his last messenger.<br />
# '''Salaat (Also spelled as Salaah, if in the end of sentence)''': Muslims [[Prayer|pray]] five times per day, at special times of the day. When they pray, they face Kaaba, a large cubic structure located at the [[Sacred|holy]] city of [[Mecca]]. ''[[Salat]]'' is ''namaz'' in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]. Shia Muslims can pray the afternoon and evening prayers right after each other.<ref>The Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims: A Short Introduction - Page 28, Jimmy R. Davis - 2007</ref> <br />
# '''Zakat''': Muslims who have money must give a percentage of the money which it's still with them for a year [[Zakat|1/40th of their money]] (''[[Charity (practice)|charity]]'' in English) to help people who do not have money or need help.<br />
# '''Sawm (Also spelled as Siyam or Sum)''': [[Fasting]] during [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the Islamic year. Muslims do not eat or drink from Fajr till sunset for one [[Lunar calendar|lunar month]]. After Ramadan, there is a holiday called ''Eid al-Fitr'' (which means "festival of end-fast" in English). On Eid al-Fitr, Muslims usually go to the [[mosque]] in the morning after sunrise for a special Salaah.<br />
# '''Hajj''' (Pilgrimage in English): During the month of Zulhejja, the 12th month of the Islamic Calendar is the [[pilgrimage]] season where many Muslims go to [[Mecca]], the holiest city of Islam. However, if a Muslim is financially unable to perform the Hajj, it is not necessary for them to do so. Those who possess great financial capacity were the most obligated to perform the Hajj.<br />
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'''Note:''' ''The Five Pillars of Islam'' is a term in the view of Sunni Islam that gathered out of the hadith. There is another term '''Osul al-Din''' (Religion Principles in English) in Shia Islam. That contains five beliefs : Tawheed, Adl, Nabovah, Imamah, Maad.<br />
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=== Quran ===<br />
In Islamic belief, the Quran is the holy book of Islam and contains what Muslims claim Allah (God) conveyed to the Prophet Muhammad through the archangel [[Gabriel|Jibraeel (Gabriel)]], who had been tasked since the times of Adam to convey the words of God as guidance to mankind. The Quran is the central point of reference and is a link which connects humanity with God.<br />
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The Qur'an contains many passages and chapters which cover the entire aspect of humanity, down to the most minute detail. From the creation and conception of human child to the details of the Earth and beyond. In the aspect of human life, it contains stories and tales of old civilizations and past prophets and their life chronicles. The Quran contains the Sharia law or hudud, and emphasizes the equal rights man and women alike with mothers given special status where it is sinful to even glare at them.<br />
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The Qur'an has a total of 30 Juzuks. In each Juz, there are many Surahatun or [[verse]]s, with 114 Surahatun which begin with Surah al-Fatehah (The Beginning) and ended with Surah an-Naas (Humanity). A Hafeez is a Muslim who has committed the Quran to memory and can accurately say every word in the Quran without flipping a single page and apply them to daily life.<br />
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Other important teachings in Islam are the [[Sunnah]] (which tell about Muhammad's life) and the [[Hadith]] (which are collections of dialogues of conversation that Muslims believe Muhammad said).<br />
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The Qur'an is considered in Islam as a manual for all of humanity and its teachings are to be implemented and shared by its readers.<br />
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===Place of worship / Quran readings===<br />
[[File:Jerusalem Al-Aqsa Mosque BW 2010-09-21 06-38-12.JPG|thumb|Muslims pray in a mosque, such as this located at [[Jerusalem]].]]<br />
[[Muslims]] pray in a place of worship called the mosque. A mosque is called a ''masjid'' in Arabic. Most mosques were mostly seen having at least a single [[dome]], and some have one or more [[tower]]s called Minarat, where the Muadzin gives the Adhan. The Call for Muslim Prayer. Which is 13 or 15 sentences. But many mosques were built without either domes or towers.<br />
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Muslims take their shoes off before entering the masjid to pray. Prayer is one of the most important things that a Muslim does.<br />
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=== Prayer ===<br />
[[File:Maghrib Adhan at the Masjid al Haram, Mecca - 25 Feb, 2012.webm|border|left|220x220px|Call to prayer]]<br />
The Muslim is called to [[prayer]] or solah five times a day. This call to prayer is called Adhan. The muezzin, a man chosen to make the call to prayer, uses a [[loudspeaker]], which carries his voice to the people nearby. The call to prayer is often done out loud, in public, in Muslim countries. Being called to solah is a normal part of daily life for most people in Muslim countries.<br />
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[[File:Prayermat.jpg|thumb|A prayer mat]]<br />
Muslims pray on a [[carpet|mat]], which is called a ''prayer mat'' or ''prayer rug'' in English. Common Arabic names<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thejobspk.com/blog/muslim-arabic-names-for-boys-with-meaning/|title=Unique Arabic Islamic Boy Names in Urdu With Meanings A to Z List 2018|newspaper=The Jobs Pk|accessdate=2017-10-09|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> for the prayer mat include ''sajjāda'' and ''namazlık''.<br />
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When it is time to pray, Muslims made [[Wudu]], then face the direction of [[Qibla]] - the direction they are supposed to pray in, towards Mecca. They then roll out their prayer mat, and perform their prayers to God.<br />
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===Peace be upon him===<br />
According to Islamic teachings, Muslims must say "صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ" shortened as "ﷺ" whenever they hear or say the Prophet's ﷺ name or it ﷺ being a common noun.<br />
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==Islam in the world==<br />
<br />
[[File:Muslim majority countries2.png|right|300px|thumb|Countries where more than half the people are Muslim<!--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalized_adjective-->]]<br />
In 2009, a study was done in 232 countries and territories.<ref name="Miller 2009, pp.4,11">Miller (2009), pp.4,11</ref> This study found that 23% of the global population or 1.57&nbsp;billion people are Muslims. Of those, between 75% and 90% are [[Sunni]]<ref name="PRC">{{citation|url=http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=450|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population: Main Page|date=7 October 2009 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref name="BritannicaSunnite">[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite ''Sunnite'']</ref> and between ten and twenty five percent are [[Shi'a]].<ref name="Miller 2009, pp.4,11"/><ref name="PRC" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2010-11-23|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211645/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html%20|url-status=dead}}</ref> A small part belong to other Islamic sects. In about fifty countries, more than half of the people are Muslim.<ref>Miller (2009), p.11</ref> [[Arabs]] account for around twenty percent of all Muslims worldwide. Islam has three holy sites; [[Jerusalem]], [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].<br />
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Most Muslims live in Asia and Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1087 |title=Islam: An Overview in Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxfordislamicstudies.com |date=2008-05-06 |accessdate=2010-05-16}}</ref> Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in [[Asia]], with over 683&nbsp;million followers in [[Indonesia]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="USN&WR">[https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm Secrets of Islam] – [[U.S. News & World Report]]. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, [[San Diego State University]] (2005).</ref><ref>Miller (2009), pp.15,17</ref> In the [[Middle East]], non-Arab countries such as [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]] are the largest Muslim-majority countries; in [[Africa]], [[Egypt]] and [[Nigeria]] have the biggest Muslim communities.<ref name="Islam_by_country">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim<br />
|title=Number of Muslim by country<br />
|publisher=nationmaster.com<br />
|accessdate=2007-05-30}}</ref><br />
<br />
Most estimates indicate that the [[People's Republic of China]] has about 20 to 30 million Muslims (1.5% to 2% of the population).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|title=CIA – The World Factbook – China|publisher=Cia.gov|accessdate=2009-06-15|archive-date=2016-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013030611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |publisher=State.gov |accessdate=2009-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-07/09/content_6831389.htm |title=NW China region eyes global Muslim market |publisher=China Daily |date=2008-07-09 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=1922 |title=Muslim Media Network |publisher=Muslim Media Network |date=2008-03-24 |accessdate=2009-07-14 |archive-date=2008-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327140607/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=1922 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, data provided by the [[San Diego State University]]'s International Population Center to [[U.S. News & World Report]] suggests that China has 65.3 million Muslims.<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm Secrets of Islam], [[U.S. News & World Report]]. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, [[San Diego State University]].</ref> Islam is the second largest religion after [[Christianity]] in many [[Europe]]an countries,<ref>See:<br />
*Esposito (2004) pp.2,43<br />
*{{cite encyclopedia | title=Islamic World | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online }}<br />
<br />
{{cite web | url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html | title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents | publisher=Adherents.com | accessdate=2007-01-09 | archive-date=2013-06-22 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HZF8Uaqj?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html | url-status=dead }}<br />
*{{cite news | title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4385768.stm | publisher=BBC | work=BBC News | date=2005-12-23 | accessdate=2006-09-28 }}<br />
*{{cite web | title=Religion In Britain | url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 | publisher=Office for National Statistics | work=National Statistics | date=2003-02-13 | accessdate=2006-08-27 }}</ref><br />
and is slowly catching up to that status in the [[Americas]].<br />
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''European Islam'' is the term used for [[Muslims]] from the [[Balkans]], former [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Crimea]], it including People like [[Xoraxane Roma]], [[Albanians]], [[Bosniaks]], [[Pomak]], [[Gorani people|Gorani]], Torbesh, [[Turks]] from Bulgaria, North Cyprus, Greece, Romania, North Macedonia like the [[Yörüks]] and East Thrace, the European side in Turkey like the [[Amuca tribe]] and [[Crimean Tatars]], the majority belong to the [[Bektashi]] [[Sufism]] [[Dervish]] [[Tarika]].<ref>https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02610495/document</ref><br />
<br />
== Different denominations ==<br />
Like with other religions, over time different movements have developed in Islam. These movements are based on different interpretations of the scriptures. The following sections list the most common movements.<br />
* Non-[[Religious denomination|denominational]] Muslims are Muslims who don't follow any branch and simply call themselves Muslim. They are also called [[Ghayr Muqallid]]s.<br />
* The [[Muwahidin]] or [[Muwahid Muslim]]s are a Muslim restoration movement that accepts mainstream Islam, but prefer to orient themselves towards a primacy of God's commands on issues pertaining to [[sharia law]]. [[Muwahidist]]s believe that modern Islam has been mixed with many cultural traditions and they want to change that.<br />
* The ''[[Shi'ites]]'' believe that just as only God can appoint a [[prophet]], he can appoint a second leader after the prophet. Shi'a Muslims believe that God chose [[Ali]] as the leader after [[Muhammad|Muhammad]]. About 10-20% of Muslims are Shi'a which means that there are about 120 million world wide. Shi'a Muslims form the majority of Muslims in [[Iran]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bahrain]], [[Iraq]], and [[Lebanon]]. The largest adhab in [[Yemen]] is Zaydi Shia. Shias commonly gather for [[Day of Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. They accept four [[hadith]]s. <br />
* ''[[Sunnism]]'' considers Abu Bakr to be the successor of Muhammad. Sunnis make up roughly 75% of Muslims.<ref name="BritannicaSunnite" /><ref name="Oxford">From the article on Sunni Islam in [http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280?_hi=2&_pos=2 Oxford Islamic Studies Online]</ref> Sunnis believe that leaders of Islam should be chosen by the people of the Muslim world. After Abu Bakr died, Omar took his place, then Uthman, and then [[Ali]]. All of them were companions of [[Muhammad|Muhammad]] and lived in [[Medina]]. Sunni beliefs are typically based on the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Kutub al-Sittah]] (six hadiths). Sunnis are sometimes called Bukharists.<br />
<br />
[[File:Whirling Dervishes 2.JPG|thumb|[[Sufism|Sufi]] whirling dervishes in [[Turkey]]]]<br />
* The ''[[Sufism|Sufi]]'' are a branch [[Sunni Islam|Sunnism]] that focuses more on the spiritual and [[mysticism|mystic]] elements of Islam. Sufis usually conclude their prayers with dhikr recitations.<br />
* The [[Quraniyoon]] generally reject the authority of the hadiths. Such Muslims, also known as ''Quranists'' and ''Ahle Quran'', believe that the Quran is the only source of guidance. They say the hadiths are not endorsed by the Quran, and some call them an innovative bid'ah.<br />
* [[Ibadi]]s are Muslims who originated from the Kharijites. Ibadis today have reformed beliefs from original [[Kharijite]]s.<br />
* The [[Nation of Islam]] is a denomination in Islam primarily geared towards African Americans.<br />
* The Five-Percent Nation, a denomination predominantly consisting of African Americans, also known as Nation of Gods and Earths.<br />
<br />
== Related pages ==<br />
* [[Nation of Islam]]<br />
* [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
* [[Shia Islam]]<br />
* [[Quranism]]<br />
* [[Halal]]<br />
* [[Wudu]]<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
'''General references'''<br />
* {{cite book |last=Ernst |first=Carl |year=2004 |title=Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=0-8078-5577-4}}<br />
* {{cite journal |last=Novak |first=David |title=The Mind of Maimonides |journal=First Things |date=February 1999}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sahas |first=Daniel J. |title=John of Damascus on Islam: The Heresy of the Ishmaelites |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=978-90-04-03495-2}}<br />
* {{cite journal |last=Seibert |first=Robert F. |title=Review: Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Norman Daniel)|journal=Review of Religious Research |date=1994 |volume=36 |issue=1|doi=10.2307/3511655 |jstor=3511655 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Warraq |first=Ibn |title=The Quest for Historical Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/questforhistoric00ibnw |publisher=Prometheus |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57392-787-1}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Warraq |first=Ibn |title=Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out |publisher=Prometheus |year=2003 |isbn=1-59102-068-9}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=New |year=1974 |isbn=0-19-881078-4}}<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
<references group="note"/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commonscat}}<br />
;Academic resources<br />
* [http://www.patheos.com/Library/Islam.html Patheos Library&nbsp;– Islam]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140729180433/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/home/ University of Southern California Compendium of Muslim Texts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041010144541/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/ Divisions in Islam]<br />
<br />
;Online resources<br />
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105852/Islam Islam], article at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''<br />
*{{DMOZ|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Islam/}}<br />
<br />
;Directories<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Islam_%28Bookshelf%29 Islam (Bookshelf)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826072931/http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Islam_%28Bookshelf%29 |date=2020-08-26 }} at [[Project Gutenberg]]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090326092524/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/islamus.htm Islam] from [https://nobleanma.com/ AsiaAuthorities] [https://www.seoulmassage.net Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228064249/https://www.seoulmassage.net/ |date=2021-02-28 }} ''UCB [https://the1st-anma.com/ Libraries] [https://jinwoo-shirt.com GovPubs]''<br />
<br />
{{Classic World Religions}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Islam| ]]<br />
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muslims&diff=359792Muslims2022-11-22T22:51:38Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Adherents of the religion of Islam}}<br />
{{redirect|Muslim}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{infobox religious group<br />
| group = Muslims<br />
| population = {{Circa|'''2 billion'''|lk=yes}} worldwide (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-population-by-country |title=Muslim Population By Country 2021 |website=World Population Review |access-date=22 July 2021 }}</ref><ref name="auto2">Lipka, Michael, and Conrad Hackett. [2015] 6 April 2017. "[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group]" (data analysis). ''Fact Tank''. US: [[Pew Research Center]].</ref><br />
| founder = Muhammad<br />
| image = [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Muslims praying in 1865 [[Cairo]] by [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]]<br />
| region1 = {{flag|Indonesia}}<br />
| pop1 = [[Islam in Indonesia|231,070,000]] <br />
| ref1 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://pkub.kemenag.go.id/files/pkub/file/file/Data/zuqi1368036766.pdf|date=15 May 2018 |work=Sensus Penduduk 2018 |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |location=Jakarta, Indonesia |title= Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut|trans-title=Population by Region and Religion |access-date=3 September 2020 |quote=Religion is belief in Almighty God that must be possessed by every human being. Religion can be divided into Muslim, Christian (Protestant), Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Hu Khong Chu, and Other Religions.}} Muslim 231,069,932 (86.7), Christian (Protestant)20,246,267 (7.6), Catholic 8,325,339 (3.12), Hindu 4,646,357 (1.74), Buddhist 2,062,150 (0.72), Confucianism 71,999 (0.03),Other Religions/no answer 112,792 (0.04), Total 266,534,836</ref><br />
<br />
| region2 = {{flag|Pakistan}}<br />
| pop2 = [[Islam in Pakistan|213,161,100]]<br />
| ref2 = <ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/sailent_feature_%20census_2017.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
| region3 = {{flag|India}}<br />
| pop3 = [[Islam in India|204,000,000]]<br />
| ref3 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/|title=The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region4 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}<br />
| pop4 = [[Islam in Bangladesh|153,700,000]]<br />
| ref4 =<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=2011-01-15|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2017-05-24|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524215707/http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|archive-date=24 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region5 = {{nowrap|{{flag|Nigeria}}}}<br />
| pop5 = [[Islam in Nigeria|99,100,000]]<br />
| ref5 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/|title=The World Factbook|access-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region6 = {{flag|Egypt}}<br />
| pop6 = [[Islam in Egypt|95,000,000]]<br />
| ref6 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/|title=The World Factbook|access-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region7 = {{flag|Iran}}<br />
| pop7 = [[Islam in Iran|82,900,000]]<br />
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/|title=The World Factbook|access-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region8 = {{flag|Turkey}}<br />
| pop8 = [[Islam in Turkey|82,800,000]]<br />
| ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|title=The World Factbook|access-date=31 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region9 = {{flag|China}}<br />
| pop9 = [[Islam in China|23,000,000—80,000,000]]<br />
| ref9 = <ref>{{Cite book|last=Gorder|first=A. Christian van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIziDwAAQBAJ&q=80+million+muslims+in+china&pg=PT115|title=Islam, Peace and Social Justice: A Christian Perspective|date=2014-05-29|publisher=ISD LLC|isbn=978-0-227-90200-4|language=en |quotation=There are at least 60 million (some estimate as many as 80 million) Muslims in the People's Republic of China.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/index.htm |chapter-url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148863.htm |title=2010 Report on International Religious Freedom<br />
|chapter=China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau) |website=U.S. Department of State |date=17 November 2010 |quotation=According to the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA), there are more than 21 million Muslims in the country. Independent estimates range as high as 50 million or more. ... The 2000 census reported a total of 20.3 million members of Muslim nationalities, of which again 96 percent belonged to just three groups: Hui 9.8 million, Uighurs 8.4 million, and Kazakhs 1.25 million. }}</ref><ref>{{citation |first1=Jörg |last1=Friedrichs |title=Sino-Muslim relations: the Han, the Hui, and the Uyghurs |work=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=37 |issue=1 |date=2017 |page=4 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f413e223-8f64-4035-84a2-642cd64bf44f/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Sino-Muslim%2BRelations.pdf |quotation=According to the 2010 population census, China is home to 23.14 million Muslims, amounting to 1.74 percent of China’s population of 1.33 billion.}}</ref><br />
<br />
| region10 = {{flag|Algeria}}<br />
| pop10 = [[Islam in Algeria|42,000,000]]<br />
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|title=Refworld - 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom - China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|website=Refworld|access-date=14 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017100901/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|archive-date=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| languages = [[Arabic]] (also [[Sacred language|liturgical]]), [[Urdu]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Turkic languages]] ([[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], etc), [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Pashto]], some [[Languages of Africa]] ([[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Berber languages|Amazigh]], [[Fula language|Fula]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[Somali language|Somali]], etc) and languages of the [[Muslim world]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Khan, Muhammad Mojlum|author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan|title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of Great Muslim Scholars, Writers and Reformers of Bangladesh and West Bengal|publisher=Kube Publishing|year=2013|location=[[England]]|page=2|quote="Bengali-speaking Muslims... one of the largest linguistic groups... second only to the Arabs"}}</ref>{{sfn|Talbot|Singh|2009|loc=p. 27, footnote 3}}<ref>{{cite report|url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |title=Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010 |last1=Grim |first1=Brian J. |last2=Johnson |first2=Todd M. |date=2013 |publisher=Wiley |access-date=10 March 2017 |page=22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200|title=What are the top 200 most spoken languages?|date=2018-10-03|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Al-Jallad|first=Ahmad|title=Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects|date=30 May 2011|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815234348/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|archive-date=15 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html |title=Refworld – 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau) |last=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |website=Refworld |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref>Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), ''[[SIL Ethnologue]]''</ref><br />
| scriptures = [[Quran]]<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr|first=Seyyed Hossein|author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|title=Qurʼān|year=2007|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|access-date=4 November 2007|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016200056/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|archive-date=16 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| religions = 80–90% [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /><br>12–17% [[Shia Islam]]<ref name=Shia /><ref name="Religions">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br>~1% [[Ahmadiyya]]<ref name="ahmadi" /><br>~1% Other Muslim traditions, e.g. [[Quranism]] and [[Ibadi Islam]]<ref name=affiliation>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|date=9 August 2012|website=The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]'s Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=4 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|archive-date=26 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
'''Muslims''' ({{Lang-ar|مسلم|translit=Muslim}}) are people who follow or practice [[Islam]], an [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] religion. The word "Muslim" derives from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and means "submitter (to God)".<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|publisher=etymonline.com|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150907223337/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|archive-date=7 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Muslims consider the [[Quran]], their [[holy book]], to be the verbatim word of [[God in Islam|God]] as revealed to the [[Muhammad in Islam|Islamic]] [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet and messenger]] [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|vauthors=Welch, Alford T, Moussalli, Ahmad S, Newby, Gordon D|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a “warner,” first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.}}</ref> The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (''[[sunnah]]'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''[[hadith]]'').<ref>{{cite book|title=The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21|access-date=31 August 2013|year=2007|publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing|isbn=978-1-59473-222-5|pages=21–}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of 2015, 1.8 billion or about 24.1% of the world population are Muslims.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |author=Michael Lipka & Conrad Hackett |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=6 April 2017 |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823093024/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=23 August 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the [[Religion in the Middle East#Islam|Middle East]]–[[Islam in Africa|North Africa]] ([[MENA#Religion|MENA]]),<ref name="pewmena">{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx |title=Region: Middle East-North Africa |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309233947/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |date=27 January 2011}}</ref> 81% in [[Islam in Central Asia|Central Asia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=December 2012|website=Pew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113632/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-ii|title=CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography|last=Rowland|first=Richard H.|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|language=en|access-date=2017-05-25|volume=2|pages=161–164}}</ref> 65% in the [[Caucasus#Demographics|Caucasus]],<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/|title=Middle East :: Azerbaijan — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref name="eurasianet.org">{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/the-many-languages-of-islam-in-the-caucasus|title=The Many Languages of Islam in the Caucasus|website=Eurasianet|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref name="Armenia information">{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia |publisher=Armstat |access-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144321/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="News.am">{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115837/http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |archive-date=26 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yap.org.az/az/view/news/32999/azerbaycan-ehalisinin-sayi-10-milyon-nefere-chatib|title=Azərbaycan əhalisinin sayı 10 milyon nəfərə çatıb|last=humans.txt|website=/|language=en|access-date=2019-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/|title=Middle East :: Georgia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-12-09}}</ref> 40% in [[Islam in Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html|title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320170459/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html|archive-date=20 March 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Yusuf">{{Cite journal|last=Yusuf|first=Imtiyaz|title=The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html|journal=Oxford Islamic Studies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320170459/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html|archive-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> 31% in [[Islam in South Asia|South Asia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia/|title=Region: Asia-Pacific|date=27 January 2011|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=13 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010061404/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia/|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/29/politics/muslims-moment-khan/index.html|title=The moment American Muslims were waiting for|editor-last=Burke|editor-first=Daniel Burke|website=CNN Religion|date=29 July 2016|access-date=13 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312235900/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/29/politics/muslims-moment-khan/index.html|archive-date=12 March 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 30% in [[Islam in Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]],<ref name="pewssa">{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx |title=Region: Sub-Saharan Africa |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309234009/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 25% in [[Islam in Asia|Asia]] and [[Islam in Oceania|Oceania]] collectively,<ref name="pewaspa">{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia.aspx |title=Region: Asia-Pacific |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309233927/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> around 6% in [[Islam in Europe|Europe]],<ref name="peweur">{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-europe.aspx |title=Region: Europe |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407080033/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-europe.aspx |archive-date=7 April 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and 1% in [[Islam in the Americas|the Americas]].<ref name="pewame">{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx |title=Region: Americas |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407082305/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx |archive-date=7 April 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Muslims ahead of Catholics, says Vatican|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/31/religion|website=The Guardian|author=Tom Kington|date=31 March 2008|access-date=17 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902042814/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/31/religion|archive-date=2 September 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim Population|url=http://www.islamicpopulation.com/|publisher=IslamicPopulation.com|access-date=17 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525045557/http://www.muslimpopulation.com/index.html|archive-date=25 May 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Field Listing Religions|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html|access-date=17 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604221011/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html|archive-date=4 June 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
Most Muslims are of one of two [[Islamic schools and branches|denominations]]; [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] (75–90%)<ref name="Sunni-eb"><br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |access-date= 2013-09-24 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.|date=October 7, 2009}}<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."<br />
* {{cite web |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |title=Sunni |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5&nbsp;billion Muslims.|access-date=December 20, 2012}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |access-date=2010-08-25 |website=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population...}}</ref> and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] (12-17%).<ref name="Shia" /> About 12% of Muslims live in [[Islam in Indonesia|Indonesia]], the largest Muslim-majority country;<ref name="Islam_by_country" /><ref name="pew2015countries">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/|title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref> {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% of Muslims live in [[Islam in South Asia|South Asia]],<ref>{{Cite book|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=kaubzRxh-U0C}}|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA193 193] |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today|last1=Pechilis|first1=Karen|last2=Raj|first2=Selva J.|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415448512 |language=en}}</ref> the largest population of Muslims in the world;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/how-south-asia-will-save-global-islam/|title=How South Asia Will Save Global Islam|last=Diplomat|first=Akhilesh Pillalamarri, The|newspaper=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-02-07|language=en-US}}</ref> {{#expr: 100 * 315/1571 round 0}}% in the Middle East–North Africa,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population10/|title=Middle East-North Africa Overview|date=2009-10-07|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-US}}</ref> where it is the dominant religion;<ref name="pewmuslim22">{{cite web|url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx|title=Region: Middle East-North Africa|website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 December 2011|date=27 January 2011}}</ref> and 15% in [[Sub-Saharan Africa#Religion|Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name="pewmuslim32">{{cite web|url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx|title=Region: Sub-Saharan Africa|website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 December 2011|date=27 January 2011}}</ref> Muslims are the overwhelming majority in [[Islam in Central Asia|Central Asia]],<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-ii|title=CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica |last=Rowland |first=Richard H. |volume=2 |pages=161–164 |language=en |access-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> the majority in the [[Caucasus#Demographics|Caucasus]]<ref name="cia.gov"/><ref name="eurasianet.org"/> and widespread in [[Islam in Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Yusuf"/> [[Islam in India|India]] is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/india-invited-as-guest-of-honour-to-oic-meet-sushma-swaraj-to-attend/article26349752.ece |title=India invited as 'Guest of Honour' to OIC meet, Sushma Swaraj to attend |website=@businessline}}</ref> Sizeable [[Islam by country|Muslim communities]] are also found in the [[Islam in the Americas|Americas]], [[Islam in China|China]], and [[Islam in Europe|Europe]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population|date=21 April 2018|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|language=en|access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="pewmuslim122">{{cite web|url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/|title=Muslim Population by Country|website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx|archive-date=9 February 2011|access-date=22 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/indepth/features/islam-russia-180307094248743.html&ved=2ahUKEwjnwtPN1OXfAhXNSxUIHQhBA4gQFjAMegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw27U7hQK-1THu2LP_Be0os7&ampcf=1&cshid=1547207388328|title=Islam in Russia|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Islam is the [[Growth of religion|fastest-growing major religion]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/main-factors-driving-population-growth/|title=Main Factors Driving Population Growth|date=2015-04-02|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2018-10-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/|title=The world's fastest-growing religion is ...|last1=Burke|first1=Daniel|date=April 4, 2015|access-date=18 April 2015|agency=CNN}}</ref><ref name="USNewsLippman2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god|title=No God But God|author=Lippman, Thomas W.|date=2008-04-07|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=2013-09-24|quote=Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{See also|Islam#Etymology}}<br />
The word ''muslim'' ({{lang-ar|مسلم}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈmʊslɪm|IPA}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}} or ''moslem'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}<ref name="muslim pron" />) is the [[active participle]] of the same verb of which ''islām'' is a [[verbal noun]], based on the [[triliteral]] ''[[S-L-M]]'' "to be whole, intact".<ref>Burns & Ralph, ''World Civilizations'', 5th ed., p. 371.</ref><ref>Entry for ''šlm'', p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, {{ISBN|0-618-08230-1}}.</ref> A female adherent is a ''muslima'' ({{lang-ar|مسلمة}}) (also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as "Muslimah"<ref>[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah Muslimah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817020605/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah |date=17 August 2016 }}. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Oxford University Press. 2016</ref> ). The plural form in Arabic is ''muslimūn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمون}}) or ''muslimīn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمين}}), and its feminine equivalent is ''muslimāt'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمات}}).<br />
<br />
The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". In the 20th century the preferred spelling in English was "Moslem", but this has now fallen into disuse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/moslem-or-muslim|title = Moslem or Muslim}}</ref> The word ''Mosalman'' ({{lang-fa|مسلمان}}, alternatively ''Mussalman'') is a common equivalent for ''Muslim'' used in [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. In English it was sometimes spelled '''Mussulman''' and has become [[Archaism|archaic]] in usage. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term ''[[Mohammedan]]s'' or ''Mahometans''.<ref>See for instance the second edition of ''[[Fowler's Modern English Usage|A Dictionary of Modern English Usage]]'' by [[Henry Watson Fowler|H. W. Fowler]], revised by [[Ernest Gowers]] (Oxford, 1965).</ref> Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be [[pejorative]], Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> Other obsolete terms include ''Muslimite''<ref>{{Cite OED|Muslimite}}</ref> and ''Muslimist''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abbas|first1=Tahir|title=Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimbritaincom00abba|url-access=registration|date=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimbritaincom00abba/page/n68 50]}}</ref> In Medieval Europe, Muslims were commonly called [[Saracens]].<br />
<br />
The Muslim philosopher [[Ibn Arabi]] said:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|A Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God...''Islam'' means making one's religion and faith God's alone.<ref>''Commentary on the Qur'an'', Razi, I, p. 432, Cairo, 1318/1900</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Qualifier==<br />
{{Islam}}<br />
To become a Muslim and to convert to Islam, it is essential to utter the ''[[Shahada]]'', one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]], a [[declaration of faith]] and trust that professes that there is [[tawhid|only one]] [[God in Islam|God]] ''([[Allah]])'' and that [[Muhammad]] is God's messenger.<ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 From the article on the Pillars of Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170426134526/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 |date=26 April 2017 }}</ref> It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ''ašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh'' ({{lang|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله}}) "I testify that there is no god [worthy of worship] except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHG_VulBdd4C&q=convert+islam+shahada&pg=PA87 |title=Matthew S. Gordon and Martin Palmer, ''Islam'', Info base Publishing, 2009| page= 87 |access-date=26 August 2012|isbn=9781438117782|last1=Gordon|first1=Matthew|last2=Gordon|first2=Professor of Middle East Islamic History Matthew S|year=2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Sunni Islam]], the shahada has two parts: ''la ilaha illa'llah'' (there is no god but [[Allah]]), and ''Muhammadun rasul Allah'' ([[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God),<ref name="LS">Lindsay, p.&nbsp;140–141</ref> which are sometimes referred to as the first ''shahada'' and the second ''shahada''.<ref name="Cornell9">Cornell, p.&nbsp;9</ref> The first statement of the shahada is also known as the ''[[tahlil|tahlīl]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Anthony Sells|title=Approaching the Qur'an: The Early Revelations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYCFTVDDKmkC|year=1999|publisher=White Cloud Press|page=151|isbn=9781883991265}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Shia Islam]], the shahada also has a third part, a phrase concerning [[Ali]], the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Shia Imam]] and the fourth [[Rashidun|Rashid caliph]] of [[Sunni Islam]]: {{lang|ar|وعليٌ وليُّ الله}} ({{transl|ar|DIN|wa ʿalīyyun walīyyu-llāh}}), which translates to "Ali is the ''[[wali]]'' of God".<ref>''The Later Mughals'' by [[William Irvine (historian)|William Irvine]] p.&nbsp;130</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Quranism|Quranist Islam]], the shahada is the testimony that there is no god but [[Allah]] (''la ilaha illa'llah'' ).<br />
<br />
The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the [[Five Pillars of Islam]]: the declaration of faith (''[[shahadah]]''), daily prayers (''[[salat|salah]]''), almsgiving (''[[zakat]]''), fasting during the month of [[Ramadan]] (''[[sawm]]''), and the pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] (''[[hajj]]'') at least once in a lifetime.<ref name="WSU" /><ref name="CIA" /><br />
<br />
==In Islamic theology==<br />
{{main|Prophets and messengers in Islam}}<br />
<br />
The Qur'an describes many prophets and messengers within Judaism and Christianity, and their respective followers, as Muslim. Some of those that were mentioned are: [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]], [[Noah]], [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael]], [[Jacob]], [[Islamic view of Moses|Moses]], and [[Islamic view of Jesus|Jesus]] and his [[apostles]] are all considered to be Muslims in the Qur'an. The Qur'an states that these men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values, which included praying, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Thus, in Surah 3:52 of the Qur'an, Jesus' disciples tell him, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims (''wa-shahad be anna muslimūn'')." In Islamic belief, before the Qur'an, God had given the [[Tawrat]] ([[Torah]]) to Moses, the [[Zabur]] ([[Psalms]]) to [[David]] and the [[Injil]] ([[Gospel]]) to Jesus, who are all considered important [[Prophets of Islam|Muslim prophets]].<ref name="Books of Islam">{{cite web |title=The Books of Islam |url=https://catstevens.com/think/spiritual-domain/the-books-of-islam/ |website=Yusuf / Cat Stevens |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{main|Islam#Demographics}}<br />
{{See also|List of countries by Muslim population}}<br />
[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|300px|World Muslim population by percentage ({{as of|2010|alt=2010 data|lc=on}} from [[Pew Research Center]])]]<br />
[[File:Muslim population map 2009.png|thumb|300px|A map of Muslim populations by absolute number]]<br />
The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims,<ref name=Distrib>{{cite web|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|date=October 2009|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 February 2017|quote=Of the total Muslim population, 30%-40% are Shia Muslims and 60-70% are Sunni Muslims.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205171040/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), Nigeria (5.3%) and Egypt (4.9%).<ref name="Islam_by_country" /> About 20% of the world's Muslims live in the Middle East and North Africa.<ref name="Distrib" /><ref>{{cite book<br />
| publisher = Oxford University Press<br />
| isbn = 978-0-19-515713-0<br />
| last = Esposito<br />
| first = John L.<br />
| title = What everyone needs to know about Islam<br />
| url = https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo<br />
| url-access = registration<br />
| page = [https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo/page/n42 21]<br />
| date = 15 October 2002<br />
}} and {{Cite book<br />
| edition = Rev. 3rd ed., updated with new epilogue.<br />
| publisher = Oxford University Press<br />
| isbn = 978-0-19-518266-8<br />
| last = Esposito<br />
| first = John<br />
| title = Islam : the straight path<br />
| location = New York<br />
| pages = 2, 43<br />
| year = 2005<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sizable minorities are also found in [[Islam in India|India]], [[Islam in China|China]], [[Islam in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Islam in the Americas|the Americas]], [[Islam in Australia|Australia]] and parts of [[Islam in Europe|Europe]]. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its total population is Morocco.<ref name=JDB>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050|date=1 January 2020|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170222214102/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|archive-date=22 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
Over 75–90% of Muslims are [[Sunni]].<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /> The second and third largest sects, [[Shia]] and [[Ahmadiyya]], make up 10–20%,<ref name=Shia /><ref name="Religions">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and 1%<ref name="ahmadi" /> respectively.<br />
<br />
With about 1.8 billion followers (2019), almost a quarter of [[world population|earth's population]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|website=Pew Research Center|date=April 5, 2017|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape}}</ref> Islam is the [[major religious groups|second-largest]] and the [[Growth of religion|fastest-growing religion in the world]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|title=The fastest growing religion in the world is ...|last=Burke|first=Daniel|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511135834/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> primarily due to the young age and high [[fertility rate]] of Muslims,<ref name="pew"/> with Muslims having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5). According to the same study, [[Religious conversion|religious switching]] has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who [[Convert to Islam|embrace Islam]] and those who [[Apostasy in Islam|leave Islam]] are roughly equal.<ref name="pew">{{cite report|url=http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011|access-date=10 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306170008/http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|archive-date=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
A Pew Center study in 2016 found that Muslims have the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (34% of the total Muslim population) of any major religion, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). According to the same study, Muslims have the highest [[fertility rate]]s (3.1) of any major religious group.<ref name="Pew2016">{{cite web |access-date=19 December 2016 |title=Religion and Education Around the World |url=http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=13 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222152619/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The study also found that Muslims (tied with [[Hindus]]) have the lowest average levels of [[education]] with an average of 5.6 years of schooling, though both groups have made the largest gains in educational attainment in recent decades among major religions.<ref name="Pew2016"/> About 36% of all Muslims have no formal schooling,<ref name="Pew2016"/> and Muslims have the lowest average levels of [[higher education]] of any major religious group, with only 8% having [[Academic degree|graduate]] and [[post-graduate]] degrees.<ref name="Pew2016"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
{{Main|Islamic culture}}<br />
Muslim culture or Islamic culture are terms used to describe the cultural practices common to Muslims and historically Islamic people. The early forms of [[Muslim]] culture, from the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] to early [[Umayyad]] period, were predominantly [[Arab]], [[Byzantine]], [[Persians|Persian]] and [[Levant]]ine. With the rapid expansion of the [[Caliphate|Islamic empire]]s, Muslim culture has influenced and assimilated much from the [[Persian culture|Persia]]n, [[Egyptian culture|Egyptian]], [[Caucasus|Caucasian]], [[Turkic people|Turkic]], [[Mongol]], [[South Asian]], [[Malay people|Malay]], [[Somali people|Somali]], [[Berber people|Berber]], [[Indonesia]]n, and [[Moro people|Moro]] cultures.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Cultural Muslim]]<br />
* [[Islamic schools and branches]]<br />
* [[Muhammadan]]<br />
* [[Lists of Muslims]]<br />
* [[List of converts to Islam]]<br />
* [[Muslim holidays]]<br />
* [[Muslim world]]<br />
* [[Mu'min]]<br />
* [[Persecution of Muslims]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="WSU">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |title=arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=United States |first=Richard |last=Hooker |date=14 July 1999|access-date=17 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=United States |year=2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="muslim pron">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim "Muslim"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220112121/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim |date=20 February 2016 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]'': {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}}; ''[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem moslem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515200017/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem |date=15 May 2011 }}'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Shia>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |title=Shīʿite |quote=Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide. |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=25 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124154/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |archive-date=9 August 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Sunni>See: <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni" <br />
* [http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population" <br />
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |title=Sunnite |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām. |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124159/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |archive-date=9 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* {{Cite book |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |quote=A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent. |year=2010 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260/page/352 352] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260 |url-access=registration |access-date=19 December 2011 }} <br />
* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |access-date=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }} <br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |work=BBC News |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |access-date=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206173334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |archive-date=6 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* {{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060) |title=Sunni and Shia Islam |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |quote=Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims. |access-date=17 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216211306/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0060%29 |archive-date=16 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |access-date=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archive-date=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |access-date=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2DLuTujOEcesrAej29DdCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community." <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&ei=hf7hTrCmNsvB8QOllfmCBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Inside Muslim minds] "around 80% are Sunni" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&pg=PA103&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Who Gets To Narrate the World] "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false A world theology] N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA32&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Islam and the Ahmadiyya jama'at] "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the world's Muslim population" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"<br />
</ref><br />
<ref name="Sunni Islam">From [[Sunni Islam]]: See: <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni" <br />
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
*[http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population" <br />
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population" <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni" <br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |access-date=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }} <br />
* {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |work=[[BBC News]] |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |access-date=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124100835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |archive-date=24 November 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* {{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |access-date=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archive-date=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }} <br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="ahmadi">See: <br />
*{{Cite book|title=Breach of Faith|quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate|publisher=Human Rights Watch|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8|access-date=29 March 2014|date=June 2005}}<br />
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72|title=Asian Religions in British Columbia|quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world|author1=Larry DeVries|author2=Don Baker|author3=Dan Overmyer|name-list-style=amp|access-date=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5|publisher=University of Columbia Press|date=2011-01-01}}<br />
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|quote=The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|page=24|access-date=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|year=2009}}<br />
*{{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| title=Ahmadiyya Muslims| date=20 January 2012| publisher=pbs.org| access-date=6 October 2013| url-status=live| archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20131006204711/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| archive-date=6 October 2013| df=dmy-all}}<br />
*A figure of 10–20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also [[Ahmadiyya by country]].</ref><br />
<ref name="Islam_by_country">{{cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=Number of Muslim by country|date=27 January 2011|publisher=nationmaster.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=2011-02-09 |df=dmy-all |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{wiktionary|مسلمان}}<br />
{{Wiktionary|Wikisaurus:Muslim}}<br />
{{Commons category|Muslims}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
*[http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/53-ritual-prayer-its-meaning-and-manner.html Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner] – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.<br />
*[http://teachmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu/historical-perspectives/rulership-and-justice/islamic-period/essay/essay-02.html Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah] – University of Chicago<br />
* [http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/ ''Islamophobia Today'' Newspaper] – An Islamophobia news clearing house<br />
* [https://www.academia.edu/24419416/UNDERSTANDING_and_COUNTERING_ISLAMOPHOBIA Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, ''Understanding and Countering Islamophobia'']<br />
*[[Wiktionary:Wikisaurus:Muslim|WikiSaurus:Muslim]]<br />
* {{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/understanding-islam |title=Understanding Islam |website=Susan Headden |date=7 April 2008 |access-date=25 August 2010}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 August 2000 |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=Adherents.com |access-date=3 July 2007}}<br />
<br />
{{Characters and names in the Quran}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Muslims| ]]<br />
[[Category:Islam| ]]<br />
[[Category:Quranic words and phrases]]<br />
[[Category:Religious identity]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egypt&diff=359791Egypt2022-11-22T22:48:01Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{for|the ancient civilization|Ancient Egypt}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
| conventional_long_name = Arab Republic of Egypt<br />
| name = {{collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;<br />
thr | title = {{resize|1.25em|{{lang|ar|جمهورية مصر العربية}}}}<br />
| {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal;<br />
| rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Standard Arabic|Arabic]]: | data1 = {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah}}<br />
| rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]]: | data2 = {{transl|arz|Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
| common_name = Egypt<br />
| image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg<br />
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg<br />
| image_map = EGY orthographic.svg<br />
| map_caption =<br />
| national_anthem = "[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]"<br />{{lang|ar|"بلادي، بلادي، بلادي"}}<br />({{Lang-en|"My country, my country, my country"}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]]}}</div><br />
| official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic]]<br />
| national_languages = [[Egyptian Arabic]]{{ref label|offlang|a}}<br />
| languages = {{hlist|English|French}}<br />
| religion = Islam<br />
| demonym = Egyptian<br />
| capital = [[Cairo]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|type:city}}<br />
| largest_city = capital<br />
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]]<br />[[republic]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[President of Egypt|President]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Moustafa Madbouly]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)|House Speaker]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Ali Abdel Aal]]<br />
| legislature = [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|House of Representatives]]<br />
| lower_house =<br />
| established_event1 = Unification of [[Upper and Lower Egypt|Upper<br />and Lower Egypt]]<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation">{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Arthur |title=Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |year=1988 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=978-0-86531-182-4 |page=5 |quote=Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity. |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217150902/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |archive-date=17 December 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm |title=Background Note: Egypt |date=10 November 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs]] |access-date=5 March 2011 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->{{ref label|estevent|b|}}<br />
| established_date1 = [[Circa|c.]] 3150 BC<br />
| established_event2 = [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] inaugurated<br />
| established_date2 = 9 July 1805<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Crabitès |title=Ibrahim of Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 February 2013 |year=1935 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-81121-7 |page=1 |quote=...&nbsp;on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo&nbsp;... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509064900/http://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| established_event3 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence|Independence]] from<br />[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]<br />
| established_date3 = 28 February 1922<br />
| established_event4 = [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|Revolution Day]]<br />
| established_date4 = 23 July 1952<br />
| established_event5 = Republic declared<br />
| established_date5 = 18 June 1953<br />
| established_event6 = [[Constitution of Egypt|Current constitution]]<br />
| established_date6 = 18 January 2014<br />
| area_rank = 29th<br />
| area_km2 = 1,010,408<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |title=Total area km2, pg.15 |publisher=Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt |access-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110107/http://capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
| area_sq_mi = 387,048<br />
| percent_water = 0.632<br />
| population_estimate = {{increase}} 106,931,875 <ref>{{cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك) |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/egypt-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20Egypt,the%20latest%20United%20Nations%20data.- |website=https://www.worldometers.info}}</ref><br />
| population_estimate_year = 2020<br />
| population_estimate_rank = 13th<br />
| population_census = 94,798,827<br />
| population_census_year = [[Censuses of Egypt#2017|2017]]<br />
| population_census_rank =<br />
| population_density_km2 = 100<br />
| population_density_sq_mi =<br />
| population_density_rank = 83rd<br />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.391 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOEG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=469&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><br />
| GDP_PPP_rank = 19th<br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $14,023<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 94th<br />
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $302.256 billion<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th<br />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,047<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126th<br />
| Gini_year = 2015<br />
| Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| Gini = 31.8 <!--number only--><br />
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Gini_rank = 51st<br />
| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--><br />
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| HDI = 0.707 <!--number only--><br />
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref><br />
| HDI_rank = 116th<br />
| currency = [[Egyptian pound]] (E£)<br />
| currency_code = EGP<br />
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]<br />
| utc_offset = +2{{ref label|dst|c}}<br />
| time_zone_DST =<br />
| utc_offset_DST =<br />
| drives_on = right<br />
| calling_code = [[+20]]<br />
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.eg]] |{{lang|ar|[[مصر.]]}}}}<br />
| footnote_a = {{note|offlang}} [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]] is the sole official language.<ref name="Provisional Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |title=Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=15 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427083143/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Egyptian Arabic]] is the [[spoken language]]. Other [[Languages of Egypt|dialects and minority languages]] are spoken regionally.<br />
| footnote_b = {{note|estevent}} "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation" /> Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.<br />
| footnote_c = {{note|dst}}See [[Daylight saving time in Egypt]].<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Egypt''' is a [[country]] in northeast [[Africa]], parts of the country hang on to the [[Middle East]]. Its capital city is [[Cairo]]. Egypt is famous for its [[Ancient history|ancient]] [[monument]]s, such as the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]] and the [[Sphinx]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Ancient Egypt]] has one of the longest histories of any country in the world as it used to be ruled by [[pharaoh]]s. As a province of the [[Roman Empire]], it became Christian and some [[Coptic Church]] people are thereafter more than a thousand years of Muslim rule. The [[Fatimid Caliphate]] ruled Egypt in the tenth through twelfth centuries. [[Mamluk]]es ruled it until 1798 when [[Napoleon]] defeated them. [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] soon took over and started a [[dynasty]] of [[Khedive]]s under the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Empire fell apart after [[World War I]]. Egypt became an independent country in 1922 and the khedive became a king. Egypt is a member of the [[United Nations]] and the [[Arab League]]. It became a [[republic]] after the Army's [[revolution]] of 1952.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Egypt is a large country, but a large portion of it is [[desert]]. Most people (95% of Egypt's total people) live in areas around the coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and along the [[Nile]] River. This includes the cities of [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]], [[Aswan]], and [[Port Said]]. Not many people live in the desert. Today, Egypt has about 90 million people.<br />
<br />
Egypt is divided into 29 areas, called [[Governorates of Egypt]].<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Egypt is a country that has had many different rulers and many political systems. After [[World War II]], Egypt was still ruled by a king, [[Farouk of Egypt]] (11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965). He was the last ruler of the [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[dynasty]].<br />
<br />
Farouk was overthrown on 23 July 1952 by a military [[coup]]. The coup was led by Muhammad Naguib, and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. From then on, Egypt had military rulers or rulers who had the backing of the army and many citizens.<br />
<br />
Nasser became president, from 1956 to 1970. Later rulers were [[Anwar Sadat]], and [[Hosni Mubarak]].<br />
<br />
[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became president in 2014.<br />
<br />
===[[Revolution]] of 2011 ===<br />
{{Main|2011 Egyptian revolution}}<br />
In January 2011, thousands of [[protest]]ers gathered in [[Cairo]]. They wanted [[Hosni Mubarak]] to leave office. He had been the [[President]] for almost 30 years. On February 11, 2011, [[Vice President]] [[Omar Suleiman]] made an announcement. He said that Mubarak agreed to leave office.<ref name="MebarakResignes">{{cite news |title=Mubarak Resigns as Egyptian President |first=Ahmed A |last=Namatalla |author2=Mariam Fam and Zainab Fattah |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=2011-02-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-11/mubarak-leaves-presidency-hands-power-to-egypt-s-military-suleiman-says.html |accessdate=2011-02-11 }}</ref> In 2012, Egypt had a democratic election for the post of President. The winner was the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]].<br />
<br />
The events which followed are still controversial, but one aspect stands out. Morsi issued a declaration that in effect gave him unlimited powers. He had the power to legislate (make laws) without legal overview by the courts. This caused widespread protests. On 3 July 2013, he was unseated by a military coup council (a [[coup d'état]]). After an election in June 2014, [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became President of Egypt. Islamist movements, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, rejected the change of regime as a military coup, and not democratic.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
=== Religion ===<br />
Egyptians are mostly [[Muslims]]. There are some Christians in Egypt today. Many of these belong to the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].<br />
<br />
=== Languages ===<br />
The official language in Egypt is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. The majority speak Egyptian Arabic but many speak other dialects. Some Egyptians still speak [[Coptic language|Coptic]]{{fact|date=September 2018}} and [[English as a second language|English]]. They also speak French and German in Egypt. These are taught in Egypt as additional languages.<br />
<br />
==Famous people==<br />
Many famous people are from Egypt. Some of these include [[Omar Sharif]], who was an international actor, [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], who was the first person from [[Africa]] to lead the [[United Nations]], and four [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Anwar Sadat]], who won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1978, [[Naguib Mahfouz]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1988, [[Ahmed Zewail]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1999, and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]], who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. [[Mohamed Salah]] is a famous footballer who plays for Liverpool in England. A famous Egyptian singer is called Amr Diab.<br />
<br />
==Governorates==<br />
Egypt is divided into 27 [[governorates]]. The governorates are divided into regions. The regions have towns and villages. Each governorate has a capital. Sometimes capital has the same name as the governorate.<br />
<br />
{| style="background:none; font-size:95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] || [[Alexandria]] || Northern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] || [[Aswan]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] || [[Asyut]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] || [[Damanhur]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] || [[Beni Suef]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] || [[Cairo]] || Middle<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] || [[Mansura]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] || [[Damietta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] || [[Faiyum]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] || [[Tanta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Giza Governorate|Giza]] || [[Giza]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] || [[Ismailia]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate|Kafr el-Sheikh]] || [[Kafr el-Sheikh]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] || [[Luxor]] || Upper<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] || [[Mersa Matruh]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minya Governorate|Minya]] || [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] || [[Shibin el-Kom]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] || [[Kharga]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] || [[Arish]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] || [[Port Said]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] || [[Banha]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qena Governorate|Qena]] || [[Qena]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] || [[Hurghada]] || Eastern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] || [[Zagazig]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] || [[Sohag]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] || [[el-Tor]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Suez Governorate|Suez]] || [[Suez]] || Canal<br />
|}<br />
|style="padding-top:8px;"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
Egypt is a country with an immense cultural mix. Life in the countryside differs from life in large cities. There are differences between the families which are Muslim, and the smaller number which are [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christians]]. There are noticeable differences in the standards of education.<br />
<br />
== Tourism ==<br />
[[File:Giza Plateau - Pyramid of Menkaure.JPG|thumb|Pyramid of Menkaure|236x236px]]<br />
Tourism is one of the most important national incomes in Egypt. In 2008, about 12 million tourists visited Egypt providing nearly $12 billion of national income to Egypt. Tourism affects the economy of the country as a whole.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true "Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143438/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true |date=2015-09-24 }}, Reuters Africa. (2009-10-20)</ref><br />
<br />
[[Giza Necropolis]] is one of Egypt's iconic sites. It is a popular destination for tourists to visit. It includes the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World]].<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
There are methods of transport in Egypt. The [[Suez Canal]] carries ships of many countries.<br />
<br />
[[File:Cairo Metro Sadat plathome.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Cairo Metro, Sadat Station]]<br />
[[Cairo Metro]] is one of the most important projects in Egypt. It consists of 3 lines. Metro is the most preferable transport in Egypt due to persistent major traffic jams in the streets of Cairo.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/world/middleeast/cairos-subway-is-efficient-orderly-and-dependable.html "Underground, Everything That Life Above Is Not"], NY Times. ''Retrieved May 3, 2012''</ref><ref>[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/140/55017/Egypt/The-Balance-Sheet/Egypts-traffic-The-problem-grinds-on.aspx "Egypt's traffic: The problem grinds on"], AhramOnline. ''Retrieved 8 Oct 2012''</ref> Metro line 4 is being developed to reach the New Cairo District.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/cairo-metro/ "Cairo Metro, Egypt"], Railway Technology.</ref><br />
<br />
Egypt established [[EgyptAir]] in 1932. The airline is based in [[Cairo International Airport]] and is owned by the government.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{commonscat-inline}}<br />
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Africa}}<br />
{{Middle East}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Egypt|*]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]<br />
[[Category:1922 establishments in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:North African countries]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egypt&diff=359790Egypt2022-11-22T22:45:36Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{for|the ancient civilization|Ancient Egypt}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
| conventional_long_name = Arab Republic of Egypt<br />
| name = {{collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;<br />
thr | title = {{resize|1.25em|{{lang|ar|جمهورية مصر العربية}}}}<br />
| {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal;<br />
| rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Standard Arabic|Arabic]]: | data1 = {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah}}<br />
| rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]]: | data2 = {{transl|arz|Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
| common_name = Egypt<br />
| image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg<br />
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg<br />
| image_map = EGY orthographic.svg<br />
| map_caption =<br />
| national_anthem = "[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]"<br />{{lang|ar|"بلادي، بلادي، بلادي"}}<br />({{Lang-en|"My country, my country, my country"}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]]}}</div><br />
| official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic]]<br />
| national_languages = [[Egyptian Arabic]]{{ref label|offlang|a}}<br />
| languages = {{hlist|English|French}}<br />
| religion = Islam<br />
| demonym = Egyptian<br />
| capital = [[Cairo]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|type:city}}<br />
| largest_city = capital<br />
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]]<br />[[republic]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[President of Egypt|President]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Moustafa Madbouly]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)|House Speaker]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Ali Abdel Aal]]<br />
| legislature = [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|House of Representatives]]<br />
| lower_house =<br />
| established_event1 = Unification of [[Upper and Lower Egypt|Upper<br />and Lower Egypt]]<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation">{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Arthur |title=Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |year=1988 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=978-0-86531-182-4 |page=5 |quote=Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity. |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217150902/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |archive-date=17 December 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm |title=Background Note: Egypt |date=10 November 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs]] |access-date=5 March 2011 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->{{ref label|estevent|b|}}<br />
| established_date1 = [[Circa|c.]] 3150 BC<br />
| established_event2 = [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] inaugurated<br />
| established_date2 = 9 July 1805<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Crabitès |title=Ibrahim of Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 February 2013 |year=1935 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-81121-7 |page=1 |quote=...&nbsp;on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo&nbsp;... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509064900/http://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| established_event3 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence|Independence]] from<br />[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]<br />
| established_date3 = 28 February 1922<br />
| established_event4 = [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|Revolution Day]]<br />
| established_date4 = 23 July 1952<br />
| established_event5 = Republic declared<br />
| established_date5 = 18 June 1953<br />
| established_event6 = [[Constitution of Egypt|Current constitution]]<br />
| established_date6 = 18 January 2014<br />
| area_rank = 29th<br />
| area_km2 = 1,010,408<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |title=Total area km2, pg.15 |publisher=Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt |access-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110107/http://capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
| area_sq_mi = 387,048<br />
| percent_water = 0.632<br />
| population_estimate = {{increase}} 100,075,480 <ref>{{cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك) |url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |website=www.masrawy.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212144159/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| population_estimate_year = 2020<br />
| population_estimate_rank = 13th<br />
| population_census = 94,798,827<br />
| population_census_year = [[Censuses of Egypt#2017|2017]]<br />
| population_census_rank =<br />
| population_density_km2 = 100<br />
| population_density_sq_mi =<br />
| population_density_rank = 83rd<br />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.391 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOEG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=469&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><br />
| GDP_PPP_rank = 19th<br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $14,023<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 94th<br />
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $302.256 billion<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th<br />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,047<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126th<br />
| Gini_year = 2015<br />
| Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| Gini = 31.8 <!--number only--><br />
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Gini_rank = 51st<br />
| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--><br />
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| HDI = 0.707 <!--number only--><br />
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref><br />
| HDI_rank = 116th<br />
| currency = [[Egyptian pound]] (E£)<br />
| currency_code = EGP<br />
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]<br />
| utc_offset = +2{{ref label|dst|c}}<br />
| time_zone_DST =<br />
| utc_offset_DST =<br />
| drives_on = right<br />
| calling_code = [[+20]]<br />
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.eg]] |{{lang|ar|[[مصر.]]}}}}<br />
| footnote_a = {{note|offlang}} [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]] is the sole official language.<ref name="Provisional Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |title=Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=15 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427083143/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Egyptian Arabic]] is the [[spoken language]]. Other [[Languages of Egypt|dialects and minority languages]] are spoken regionally.<br />
| footnote_b = {{note|estevent}} "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation" /> Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.<br />
| footnote_c = {{note|dst}}See [[Daylight saving time in Egypt]].<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Egypt''' is a [[country]] in northeast [[Africa]], parts of the country hang on to the [[Middle East]]. Its capital city is [[Cairo]].<br />
Egypt is famous for its [[Ancient history|ancient]] [[monument]]s, such as the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]] and the [[Sphinx]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Ancient Egypt]] has one of the longest histories of any country in the world as it used to be ruled by [[pharaoh]]s. As a province of the [[Roman Empire]], it became Christian and some [[Coptic Church]] people are thereafter more than a thousand years of Muslim rule. The [[Fatimid Caliphate]] ruled Egypt in the tenth through twelfth centuries. [[Mamluk]]es ruled it until 1798 when [[Napoleon]] defeated them. [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] soon took over and started a [[dynasty]] of [[Khedive]]s under the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Empire fell apart after [[World War I]]. Egypt became an independent country in 1922 and the khedive became a king. Egypt is a member of the [[United Nations]] and the [[Arab League]]. It became a [[republic]] after the Army's [[revolution]] of 1952.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Egypt is a large country, but a large portion of it is [[desert]]. Most people (95% of Egypt's total people) live in areas around the coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and along the [[Nile]] River. This includes the cities of [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]], [[Aswan]], and [[Port Said]]. Not many people live in the desert. Today, Egypt has about 90 million people.<br />
<br />
Egypt is divided into 29 areas, called [[Governorates of Egypt]].<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Egypt is a country that has had many different rulers and many political systems. After [[World War II]], Egypt was still ruled by a king, [[Farouk of Egypt]] (11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965). He was the last ruler of the [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[dynasty]].<br />
<br />
Farouk was overthrown on 23 July 1952 by a military [[coup]]. The coup was led by Muhammad Naguib, and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. From then on, Egypt had military rulers or rulers who had the backing of the army and many citizens.<br />
<br />
Nasser became president, from 1956 to 1970. Later rulers were [[Anwar Sadat]], and [[Hosni Mubarak]].<br />
<br />
[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became president in 2014.<br />
<br />
===[[Revolution]] of 2011 ===<br />
{{Main|2011 Egyptian revolution}}<br />
In January 2011, thousands of [[protest]]ers gathered in [[Cairo]]. They wanted [[Hosni Mubarak]] to leave office. He had been the [[President]] for almost 30 years. On February 11, 2011, [[Vice President]] [[Omar Suleiman]] made an announcement. He said that Mubarak agreed to leave office.<ref name="MebarakResignes">{{cite news |title=Mubarak Resigns as Egyptian President |first=Ahmed A |last=Namatalla |author2=Mariam Fam and Zainab Fattah |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=2011-02-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-11/mubarak-leaves-presidency-hands-power-to-egypt-s-military-suleiman-says.html |accessdate=2011-02-11 }}</ref> In 2012, Egypt had a democratic election for the post of President. The winner was the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]].<br />
<br />
The events which followed are still controversial, but one aspect stands out. Morsi issued a declaration that in effect gave him unlimited powers. He had the power to legislate (make laws) without legal overview by the courts. This caused widespread protests. On 3 July 2013, he was unseated by a military coup council (a [[coup d'état]]). After an election in June 2014, [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became President of Egypt. Islamist movements, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, rejected the change of regime as a military coup, and not democratic.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
=== Religion ===<br />
Egyptians are mostly [[Muslims]]. There are some Christians in Egypt today. Many of these belong to the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].<br />
<br />
=== Languages ===<br />
The official language in Egypt is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. The majority speak Egyptian Arabic but many speak other dialects. Some Egyptians still speak [[Coptic language|Coptic]]{{fact|date=September 2018}} and [[English as a second language|English]]. They also speak French and German in Egypt. These are taught in Egypt as additional languages.<br />
<br />
==Famous people==<br />
Many famous people are from Egypt. Some of these include [[Omar Sharif]], who was an international actor, [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], who was the first person from [[Africa]] to lead the [[United Nations]], and four [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Anwar Sadat]], who won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1978, [[Naguib Mahfouz]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1988, [[Ahmed Zewail]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1999, and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]], who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. [[Mohamed Salah]] is a famous footballer who plays for Liverpool in England. A famous Egyptian singer is called Amr Diab.<br />
<br />
==Governorates==<br />
Egypt is divided into 27 [[governorates]]. The governorates are divided into regions. The regions have towns and villages. Each governorate has a capital. Sometimes capital has the same name as the governorate.<br />
<br />
{| style="background:none; font-size:95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] || [[Alexandria]] || Northern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] || [[Aswan]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] || [[Asyut]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] || [[Damanhur]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] || [[Beni Suef]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] || [[Cairo]] || Middle<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] || [[Mansura]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] || [[Damietta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] || [[Faiyum]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] || [[Tanta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Giza Governorate|Giza]] || [[Giza]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] || [[Ismailia]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate|Kafr el-Sheikh]] || [[Kafr el-Sheikh]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] || [[Luxor]] || Upper<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] || [[Mersa Matruh]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minya Governorate|Minya]] || [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] || [[Shibin el-Kom]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] || [[Kharga]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] || [[Arish]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] || [[Port Said]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] || [[Banha]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qena Governorate|Qena]] || [[Qena]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] || [[Hurghada]] || Eastern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] || [[Zagazig]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] || [[Sohag]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] || [[el-Tor]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Suez Governorate|Suez]] || [[Suez]] || Canal<br />
|}<br />
|style="padding-top:8px;"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
Egypt is a country with an immense cultural mix. Life in the countryside differs from life in large cities. There are differences between the families which are Muslim, and the smaller number which are [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christians]]. There are noticeable differences in the standards of education.<br />
<br />
== Tourism ==<br />
[[File:Giza Plateau - Pyramid of Menkaure.JPG|thumb|Pyramid of Menkaure|236x236px]]<br />
Tourism is one of the most important national incomes in Egypt. In 2008, about 12 million tourists visited Egypt providing nearly $12 billion of national income to Egypt. Tourism affects the economy of the country as a whole.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true "Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143438/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true |date=2015-09-24 }}, Reuters Africa. (2009-10-20)</ref><br />
<br />
[[Giza Necropolis]] is one of Egypt's iconic sites. It is a popular destination for tourists to visit. It includes the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World]].<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
There are methods of transport in Egypt. The [[Suez Canal]] carries ships of many countries.<br />
<br />
[[File:Cairo Metro Sadat plathome.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Cairo Metro, Sadat Station]]<br />
[[Cairo Metro]] is one of the most important projects in Egypt. It consists of 3 lines. Metro is the most preferable transport in Egypt due to persistent major traffic jams in the streets of Cairo.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/world/middleeast/cairos-subway-is-efficient-orderly-and-dependable.html "Underground, Everything That Life Above Is Not"], NY Times. ''Retrieved May 3, 2012''</ref><ref>[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/140/55017/Egypt/The-Balance-Sheet/Egypts-traffic-The-problem-grinds-on.aspx "Egypt's traffic: The problem grinds on"], AhramOnline. ''Retrieved 8 Oct 2012''</ref> Metro line 4 is being developed to reach the New Cairo District.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/cairo-metro/ "Cairo Metro, Egypt"], Railway Technology.</ref><br />
<br />
Egypt established [[EgyptAir]] in 1932. The airline is based in [[Cairo International Airport]] and is owned by the government.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{commonscat-inline}}<br />
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Africa}}<br />
{{Middle East}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Egypt|*]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]<br />
[[Category:1922 establishments in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:North African countries]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egypt&diff=359789Egypt2022-11-22T22:42:51Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{for|the ancient civilization|Ancient Egypt}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
| conventional_long_name = Arab Republic of Egypt<br />
| name = {{collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;<br />
thr | title = {{resize|1.25em|{{lang|ar|جمهورية مصر العربية}}}}<br />
| {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal;<br />
| rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Standard Arabic|Arabic]]: | data1 = {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah}}<br />
| rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]]: | data2 = {{transl|arz|Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
| common_name = Egypt<br />
| image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg<br />
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg<br />
| image_map = EGY orthographic.svg<br />
| map_caption =<br />
| national_anthem = "[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]"<br />{{lang|ar|"بلادي، بلادي، بلادي"}}<br />({{Lang-en|"My country, my country, my country"}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]]}}</div><br />
| official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic]]<br />
| national_languages = [[Egyptian Arabic]]{{ref label|offlang|a}}<br />
| languages = {{hlist|English|French}}<br />
| religion = Islam<br />
| demonym = Egyptian<br />
| capital = [[Cairo]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|type:city}}<br />
| largest_city = capital<br />
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]]<br />[[republic]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[President of Egypt|President]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Moustafa Madbouly]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)|House Speaker]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Ali Abdel Aal]]<br />
| legislature = [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|House of Representatives]]<br />
| lower_house =<br />
| established_event1 = Unification of [[Upper and Lower Egypt|Upper<br />and Lower Egypt]]<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation">{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Arthur |title=Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |year=1988 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=978-0-86531-182-4 |page=5 |quote=Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity. |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217150902/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |archive-date=17 December 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm |title=Background Note: Egypt |date=10 November 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs]] |access-date=5 March 2011 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->{{ref label|estevent|b|}}<br />
| established_date1 = [[Circa|c.]] 3150 BC<br />
| established_event2 = [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] inaugurated<br />
| established_date2 = 9 July 1805<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Crabitès |title=Ibrahim of Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 February 2013 |year=1935 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-81121-7 |page=1 |quote=...&nbsp;on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo&nbsp;... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509064900/http://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| established_event3 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence|Independence]] from<br />[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]<br />
| established_date3 = 28 February 1922<br />
| established_event4 = [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|Revolution Day]]<br />
| established_date4 = 23 July 1952<br />
| established_event5 = Republic declared<br />
| established_date5 = 18 June 1953<br />
| established_event6 = [[Constitution of Egypt|Current constitution]]<br />
| established_date6 = 18 January 2014<br />
| area_rank = 29th<br />
| area_km2 = 1,010,408<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |title=Total area km2, pg.15 |publisher=Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt |access-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110107/http://capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
| area_sq_mi = 387,048<br />
| percent_water = 0.632<br />
| population_estimate = {{increase}} 100,075,480 <ref>{{cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك) |url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |website=www.masrawy.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212144159/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| population_estimate_year = 2020<br />
| population_estimate_rank = 13th<br />
| population_census = 94,798,827<br />
| population_census_year = [[Censuses of Egypt#2017|2017]]<br />
| population_census_rank =<br />
| population_density_km2 = 100<br />
| population_density_sq_mi =<br />
| population_density_rank = 83rd<br />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.391 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOEG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=469&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><br />
| GDP_PPP_rank = 19th<br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $14,023<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 94th<br />
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $302.256 billion<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th<br />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,047<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126th<br />
| Gini_year = 2015<br />
| Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| Gini = 31.8 <!--number only--><br />
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Gini_rank = 51st<br />
| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--><br />
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| HDI = 0.707 <!--number only--><br />
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref><br />
| HDI_rank = 116th<br />
| currency = [[Egyptian pound]] (E£)<br />
| currency_code = EGP<br />
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]<br />
| utc_offset = +2{{ref label|dst|c}}<br />
| time_zone_DST =<br />
| utc_offset_DST =<br />
| drives_on = right<br />
| calling_code = [[+20]]<br />
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.eg]] |{{lang|ar|[[مصر.]]}}}}<br />
| footnote_a = {{note|offlang}} [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]] is the sole official language.<ref name="Provisional Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |title=Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=15 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427083143/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Egyptian Arabic]] is the [[spoken language]]. Other [[Languages of Egypt|dialects and minority languages]] are spoken regionally.<br />
| footnote_b = {{note|estevent}} "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation" /> Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.<br />
| footnote_c = {{note|dst}}See [[Daylight saving time in Egypt]].<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Egypt''' is a [[country]] in northeast [[Africa]], parts of the country hang on to the [[Middle East]]. Its capital city is [[Cairo]]. Egypt is famous for its [[Ancient history|ancient]] [[monument]]s, such as the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]] and the [[Sphinx]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Ancient Egypt]] has one of the longest histories of any country in the world as it used to be ruled by [[pharaoh]]s. As a province of the [[Roman Empire]], it became Christian and some [[Coptic Church]] people are thereafter more than a thousand years of Muslim rule. The [[Fatimid Caliphate]] ruled Egypt in the tenth through twelfth centuries. [[Mamluk]]es ruled it until 1798 when [[Napoleon]] defeated them. [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] soon took over and started a [[dynasty]] of [[Khedive]]s under the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Empire fell apart after [[World War I]]. Egypt became an independent country in 1922 and the khedive became a king. Egypt is a member of the [[United Nations]] and the [[Arab League]]. It became a [[republic]] after the Army's [[revolution]] of 1952.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Egypt is a large country, but a large portion of it is [[desert]]. Most people (95% of Egypt's total people) live in areas around the coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and along the [[Nile]] River. This includes the cities of [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]], [[Aswan]], and [[Port Said]]. Not many people live in the desert. Today, Egypt has about 90 million people.<br />
<br />
Egypt is divided into 29 areas, called [[Governorates of Egypt]].<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Egypt is a country that has had many different rulers and many political systems. After [[World War II]], Egypt was still ruled by a king, [[Farouk of Egypt]] (11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965). He was the last ruler of the [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[dynasty]].<br />
<br />
Farouk was overthrown on 23 July 1952 by a military [[coup]]. The coup was led by Muhammad Naguib, and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. From then on, Egypt had military rulers or rulers who had the backing of the army and many citizens.<br />
<br />
Nasser became president, from 1956 to 1970. Later rulers were [[Anwar Sadat]], and [[Hosni Mubarak]].<br />
<br />
[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became president in 2014.<br />
<br />
===[[Revolution]] of 2011 ===<br />
{{Main|2011 Egyptian revolution}}<br />
In January 2011, thousands of [[protest]]ers gathered in [[Cairo]]. They wanted [[Hosni Mubarak]] to leave office. He had been the [[President]] for almost 30 years. On February 11, 2011, [[Vice President]] [[Omar Suleiman]] made an announcement. He said that Mubarak agreed to leave office.<ref name="MebarakResignes">{{cite news |title=Mubarak Resigns as Egyptian President |first=Ahmed A |last=Namatalla |author2=Mariam Fam and Zainab Fattah |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=2011-02-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-11/mubarak-leaves-presidency-hands-power-to-egypt-s-military-suleiman-says.html |accessdate=2011-02-11 }}</ref> In 2012, Egypt had a democratic election for the post of President. The winner was the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]].<br />
<br />
The events which followed are still controversial, but one aspect stands out. Morsi issued a declaration that in effect gave him unlimited powers. He had the power to legislate (make laws) without legal overview by the courts. This caused widespread protests. On 3 July 2013, he was unseated by a military coup council (a [[coup d'état]]). After an election in June 2014, [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became President of Egypt. Islamist movements, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, rejected the change of regime as a military coup, and not democratic.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
=== Religion ===<br />
Egyptians are mostly [[Muslims]]. There are some Christians in Egypt today. Many of these belong to the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].<br />
<br />
=== Languages ===<br />
The official language in Egypt is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. The majority speak Egyptian Arabic but many speak other dialects. Some Egyptians still speak [[Coptic language|Coptic]]{{fact|date=September 2018}} and [[English as a second language|English]]. They also speak French and German in Egypt. These are taught in Egypt as additional languages.<br />
<br />
==Famous people==<br />
Many famous people are from Egypt. Some of these include [[Omar Sharif]], who was an international actor, [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], who was the first person from [[Africa]] to lead the [[United Nations]], and four [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Anwar Sadat]], who won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1978, [[Naguib Mahfouz]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1988, [[Ahmed Zewail]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1999, and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]], who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. [[Mohamed Salah]] is a famous footballer who plays for Liverpool in England. A famous Egyptian singer is called Amr Diab.<br />
<br />
==Governorates==<br />
Egypt is divided into 27 [[governorates]]. The governorates are divided into regions. The regions have towns and villages. Each governorate has a capital. Sometimes capital has the same name as the governorate.<br />
<br />
{| style="background:none; font-size:95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] || [[Alexandria]] || Northern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] || [[Aswan]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] || [[Asyut]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] || [[Damanhur]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] || [[Beni Suef]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] || [[Cairo]] || Middle<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] || [[Mansura]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] || [[Damietta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] || [[Faiyum]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] || [[Tanta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Giza Governorate|Giza]] || [[Giza]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] || [[Ismailia]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate|Kafr el-Sheikh]] || [[Kafr el-Sheikh]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] || [[Luxor]] || Upper<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] || [[Mersa Matruh]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minya Governorate|Minya]] || [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] || [[Shibin el-Kom]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] || [[Kharga]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] || [[Arish]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] || [[Port Said]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] || [[Banha]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qena Governorate|Qena]] || [[Qena]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] || [[Hurghada]] || Eastern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] || [[Zagazig]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] || [[Sohag]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] || [[el-Tor]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Suez Governorate|Suez]] || [[Suez]] || Canal<br />
|}<br />
|style="padding-top:8px;"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
Egypt is a country with an immense cultural mix. Life in the countryside differs from life in large cities. There are differences between the families which are Muslim, and the smaller number which are [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christians]]. There are noticeable differences in the standards of education.<br />
<br />
== Tourism ==<br />
[[File:Giza Plateau - Pyramid of Menkaure.JPG|thumb|Pyramid of Menkaure|236x236px]]<br />
Tourism is one of the most important national incomes in Egypt. In 2008, about 12 million tourists visited Egypt providing nearly $12 billion of national income to Egypt. Tourism affects the economy of the country as a whole.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true "Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143438/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true |date=2015-09-24 }}, Reuters Africa. (2009-10-20)</ref><br />
<br />
[[Giza Necropolis]] is one of Egypt's iconic sites. It is a popular destination for tourists to visit. It includes the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World]].<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
There are methods of transport in Egypt. The [[Suez Canal]] carries ships of many countries.<br />
<br />
[[File:Cairo Metro Sadat plathome.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Cairo Metro, Sadat Station]]<br />
[[Cairo Metro]] is one of the most important projects in Egypt. It consists of 3 lines. Metro is the most preferable transport in Egypt due to persistent major traffic jams in the streets of Cairo.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/world/middleeast/cairos-subway-is-efficient-orderly-and-dependable.html "Underground, Everything That Life Above Is Not"], NY Times. ''Retrieved May 3, 2012''</ref><ref>[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/140/55017/Egypt/The-Balance-Sheet/Egypts-traffic-The-problem-grinds-on.aspx "Egypt's traffic: The problem grinds on"], AhramOnline. ''Retrieved 8 Oct 2012''</ref> Metro line 4 is being developed to reach the New Cairo District.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/cairo-metro/ "Cairo Metro, Egypt"], Railway Technology.</ref><br />
<br />
Egypt established [[EgyptAir]] in 1932. The airline is based in [[Cairo International Airport]] and is owned by the government.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{commonscat-inline}}<br />
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Africa}}<br />
{{Middle East}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Egypt|*]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]<br />
[[Category:1922 establishments in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:North African countries]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egypt&diff=359788Egypt2022-11-22T22:40:25Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{for|the ancient civilization|Ancient Egypt}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
| conventional_long_name = Arab Republic of Egypt<br />
| name = {{collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;<br />
thr | title = {{resize|1.25em|{{lang|ar|جمهورية مصر العربية}}}}<br />
| {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal;<br />
| rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Standard Arabic|Arabic]]: | data1 = {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah}}<br />
| rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]]: | data2 = {{transl|arz|Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
| common_name = Egypt<br />
| image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg<br />
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg<br />
| image_map = EGY orthographic.svg<br />
| map_caption =<br />
| national_anthem = "[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]"<br />{{lang|ar|"بلادي، بلادي، بلادي"}}<br />({{Lang-en|"My country, my country, my country"}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]]}}</div><br />
| official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic]]<br />
| national_languages = [[Egyptian Arabic]]{{ref label|offlang|a}}<br />
| languages = {{hlist|English|French}}<br />
| religion = See ''[[Religion in Egypt]]''<br />
| demonym = Egyptian<br />
| capital = [[Cairo]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|type:city}}<br />
| largest_city = capital<br />
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]]<br />[[republic]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[President of Egypt|President]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Moustafa Madbouly]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)|House Speaker]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Ali Abdel Aal]]<br />
| legislature = [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|House of Representatives]]<br />
| lower_house =<br />
| established_event1 = Unification of [[Upper and Lower Egypt|Upper<br />and Lower Egypt]]<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation">{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Arthur |title=Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |year=1988 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=978-0-86531-182-4 |page=5 |quote=Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity. |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217150902/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Egypt/YmZyAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nation-state |archive-date=17 December 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm |title=Background Note: Egypt |date=10 November 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs]] |access-date=5 March 2011 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->{{ref label|estevent|b|}}<br />
| established_date1 = [[Circa|c.]] 3150 BC<br />
| established_event2 = [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] inaugurated<br />
| established_date2 = 9 July 1805<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Crabitès |title=Ibrahim of Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 February 2013 |year=1935 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-81121-7 |page=1 |quote=...&nbsp;on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo&nbsp;... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509064900/http://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&pg=PA1 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| established_event3 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence|Independence]] from<br />[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]<br />
| established_date3 = 28 February 1922<br />
| established_event4 = [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|Revolution Day]]<br />
| established_date4 = 23 July 1952<br />
| established_event5 = Republic declared<br />
| established_date5 = 18 June 1953<br />
| established_event6 = [[Constitution of Egypt|Current constitution]]<br />
| established_date6 = 18 January 2014<br />
| area_rank = 29th<br />
| area_km2 = 1,010,408<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |title=Total area km2, pg.15 |publisher=Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt |access-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110107/http://capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2015 }}</ref><br />
| area_sq_mi = 387,048<br />
| percent_water = 0.632<br />
| population_estimate = {{increase}} 100,075,480 <ref>{{cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك) |url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |website=www.masrawy.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212144159/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| population_estimate_year = 2020<br />
| population_estimate_rank = 13th<br />
| population_census = 94,798,827<br />
| population_census_year = [[Censuses of Egypt#2017|2017]]<br />
| population_census_rank =<br />
| population_density_km2 = 100<br />
| population_density_sq_mi =<br />
| population_density_rank = 83rd<br />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.391 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOEG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=469&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><br />
| GDP_PPP_rank = 19th<br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $14,023<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 94th<br />
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $302.256 billion<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th<br />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019<br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,047<ref name="IMFWEOEG" /><br />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126th<br />
| Gini_year = 2015<br />
| Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| Gini = 31.8 <!--number only--><br />
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| Gini_rank = 51st<br />
| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--><br />
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--><br />
| HDI = 0.707 <!--number only--><br />
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref><br />
| HDI_rank = 116th<br />
| currency = [[Egyptian pound]] (E£)<br />
| currency_code = EGP<br />
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]<br />
| utc_offset = +2{{ref label|dst|c}}<br />
| time_zone_DST =<br />
| utc_offset_DST =<br />
| drives_on = right<br />
| calling_code = [[+20]]<br />
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.eg]] |{{lang|ar|[[مصر.]]}}}}<br />
| footnote_a = {{note|offlang}} [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]] is the sole official language.<ref name="Provisional Constitution">{{cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |title=Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People |date=30 March 2011 |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=15 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427083143/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Egyptian Arabic]] is the [[spoken language]]. Other [[Languages of Egypt|dialects and minority languages]] are spoken regionally.<br />
| footnote_b = {{note|estevent}} "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".<ref name="goldschmidt_oldest_nation" /> Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.<br />
| footnote_c = {{note|dst}}See [[Daylight saving time in Egypt]].<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Egypt''' is a [[country]] in northeast [[Africa]], parts of the country hang on to the [[Middle East]]. Its capital city is [[Cairo]]. Egypt is famous for its [[Ancient history|ancient]] [[monument]]s, such as the [[Egyptian pyramids|Pyramids]] and the [[Sphinx]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
[[Ancient Egypt]] has one of the longest histories of any country in the world as it used to be ruled by [[pharaoh]]s. As a province of the [[Roman Empire]], it became Christian and some [[Coptic Church]] people are thereafter more than a thousand years of Muslim rule. The [[Fatimid Caliphate]] ruled Egypt in the tenth through twelfth centuries. [[Mamluk]]es ruled it until 1798 when [[Napoleon]] defeated them. [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] soon took over and started a [[dynasty]] of [[Khedive]]s under the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Empire fell apart after [[World War I]]. Egypt became an independent country in 1922 and the khedive became a king. Egypt is a member of the [[United Nations]] and the [[Arab League]]. It became a [[republic]] after the Army's [[revolution]] of 1952.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Egypt is a large country, but a large portion of it is [[desert]]. Most people (95% of Egypt's total people) live in areas around the coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and along the [[Nile]] River. This includes the cities of [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]], [[Aswan]], and [[Port Said]]. Not many people live in the desert. Today, Egypt has about 90 million people.<br />
<br />
Egypt is divided into 29 areas, called [[Governorates of Egypt]].<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Egypt is a country that has had many different rulers and many political systems. After [[World War II]], Egypt was still ruled by a king, [[Farouk of Egypt]] (11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965). He was the last ruler of the [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[dynasty]].<br />
<br />
Farouk was overthrown on 23 July 1952 by a military [[coup]]. The coup was led by Muhammad Naguib, and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. From then on, Egypt had military rulers or rulers who had the backing of the army and many citizens.<br />
<br />
Nasser became president, from 1956 to 1970. Later rulers were [[Anwar Sadat]], and [[Hosni Mubarak]].<br />
<br />
[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became president in 2014.<br />
<br />
===[[Revolution]] of 2011 ===<br />
{{Main|2011 Egyptian revolution}}<br />
In January 2011, thousands of [[protest]]ers gathered in [[Cairo]]. They wanted [[Hosni Mubarak]] to leave office. He had been the [[President]] for almost 30 years. On February 11, 2011, [[Vice President]] [[Omar Suleiman]] made an announcement. He said that Mubarak agreed to leave office.<ref name="MebarakResignes">{{cite news |title=Mubarak Resigns as Egyptian President |first=Ahmed A |last=Namatalla |author2=Mariam Fam and Zainab Fattah |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=2011-02-11 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-11/mubarak-leaves-presidency-hands-power-to-egypt-s-military-suleiman-says.html |accessdate=2011-02-11 }}</ref> In 2012, Egypt had a democratic election for the post of President. The winner was the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]].<br />
<br />
The events which followed are still controversial, but one aspect stands out. Morsi issued a declaration that in effect gave him unlimited powers. He had the power to legislate (make laws) without legal overview by the courts. This caused widespread protests. On 3 July 2013, he was unseated by a military coup council (a [[coup d'état]]). After an election in June 2014, [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] became President of Egypt. Islamist movements, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, rejected the change of regime as a military coup, and not democratic.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
=== Religion ===<br />
Egyptians are mostly [[Muslims]]. There are some Christians in Egypt today. Many of these belong to the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].<br />
<br />
=== Languages ===<br />
The official language in Egypt is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. The majority speak Egyptian Arabic but many speak other dialects. Some Egyptians still speak [[Coptic language|Coptic]]{{fact|date=September 2018}} and [[English as a second language|English]]. They also speak French and German in Egypt. These are taught in Egypt as additional languages.<br />
<br />
==Famous people==<br />
Many famous people are from Egypt. Some of these include [[Omar Sharif]], who was an international actor, [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], who was the first person from [[Africa]] to lead the [[United Nations]], and four [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Anwar Sadat]], who won the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1978, [[Naguib Mahfouz]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1988, [[Ahmed Zewail]], who won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1999, and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]], who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. [[Mohamed Salah]] is a famous footballer who plays for Liverpool in England. A famous Egyptian singer is called Amr Diab.<br />
<br />
==Governorates==<br />
Egypt is divided into 27 [[governorates]]. The governorates are divided into regions. The regions have towns and villages. Each governorate has a capital. Sometimes capital has the same name as the governorate.<br />
<br />
{| style="background:none; font-size:95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] || [[Alexandria]] || Northern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] || [[Aswan]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] || [[Asyut]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] || [[Damanhur]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] || [[Beni Suef]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] || [[Cairo]] || Middle<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] || [[Mansura]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] || [[Damietta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] || [[Faiyum]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] || [[Tanta]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Giza Governorate|Giza]] || [[Giza]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] || [[Ismailia]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate|Kafr el-Sheikh]] || [[Kafr el-Sheikh]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] || [[Luxor]] || Upper<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Governorate !! Capital !! Location<br />
|-<br />
| [[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] || [[Mersa Matruh]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minya Governorate|Minya]] || [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] || [[Shibin el-Kom]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] || [[Kharga]] || Western<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] || [[Arish]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] || [[Port Said]] || Canal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] || [[Banha]] || Lower<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qena Governorate|Qena]] || [[Qena]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] || [[Hurghada]] || Eastern<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] || [[Zagazig]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] || [[Sohag]] || Upper<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] || [[el-Tor]] || Sinai<br />
|-<br />
| [[Suez Governorate|Suez]] || [[Suez]] || Canal<br />
|}<br />
|style="padding-top:8px;"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
Egypt is a country with an immense cultural mix. Life in the countryside differs from life in large cities. There are differences between the families which are Muslim, and the smaller number which are [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christians]]. There are noticeable differences in the standards of education.<br />
<br />
== Tourism ==<br />
[[File:Giza Plateau - Pyramid of Menkaure.JPG|thumb|Pyramid of Menkaure|236x236px]]<br />
Tourism is one of the most important national incomes in Egypt. In 2008, about 12 million tourists visited Egypt providing nearly $12 billion of national income to Egypt. Tourism affects the economy of the country as a whole.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true "Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143438/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/20/ozabs-tourism-egypt-idAFJOE59J0PG20091020?sp=true |date=2015-09-24 }}, Reuters Africa. (2009-10-20)</ref><br />
<br />
[[Giza Necropolis]] is one of Egypt's iconic sites. It is a popular destination for tourists to visit. It includes the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World]].<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
There are methods of transport in Egypt. The [[Suez Canal]] carries ships of many countries.<br />
<br />
[[File:Cairo Metro Sadat plathome.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Cairo Metro, Sadat Station]]<br />
[[Cairo Metro]] is one of the most important projects in Egypt. It consists of 3 lines. Metro is the most preferable transport in Egypt due to persistent major traffic jams in the streets of Cairo.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/world/middleeast/cairos-subway-is-efficient-orderly-and-dependable.html "Underground, Everything That Life Above Is Not"], NY Times. ''Retrieved May 3, 2012''</ref><ref>[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/140/55017/Egypt/The-Balance-Sheet/Egypts-traffic-The-problem-grinds-on.aspx "Egypt's traffic: The problem grinds on"], AhramOnline. ''Retrieved 8 Oct 2012''</ref> Metro line 4 is being developed to reach the New Cairo District.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/cairo-metro/ "Cairo Metro, Egypt"], Railway Technology.</ref><br />
<br />
Egypt established [[EgyptAir]] in 1932. The airline is based in [[Cairo International Airport]] and is owned by the government.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{commonscat-inline}}<br />
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Africa}}<br />
{{Middle East}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Egypt|*]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]<br />
[[Category:1922 establishments in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:North African countries]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359787Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:33:21Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam.<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359786Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:32:52Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359785Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:32:01Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada).<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada).<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education).<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada.<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA.<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359784Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:31:26Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada).<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359783Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:30:24Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada).<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359782Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:29:52Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada).<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kulakkada&diff=359781Kulakkada2022-11-22T22:29:22Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kulakkada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kulakkada GVHSS.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Government Highschool<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9|4|0|N|76|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 14874<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 691521<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0474-26*****<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-24<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kollam<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Kulakkada''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kulakkada is also a [[panchayath]] headquartered in [[Mavadi]].<br />
The main towns in kulakkada panchayath are Kulakkada, Puthoor and Poovattoor.<br />
The Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly M.C. road passes through Kulakkada. This village situated at bank of kallada river.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Kulakkada had a population of 14874 with 7194 males and 7680 females.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
==Schools and colleges==<br />
*G V H S S Kulakkada (Govt. vocational higher secondary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*G L P S Kulakkada (Govt. Lower Primary School, Kulakkada)<br />
*BEd. College, Kulakkada (K U C T E Kerala University College of Teacher Education)<br />
*D.V.U.P. School, Thazhathu Kulakkada<br />
*Devi Vilasom Lower Primary School Thazhathu kulakkada.<br />
*G.W.L.P.S, KUTTARA<br />
<br />
==Church==<br />
*CGI Kulakkada (Church of God(Full Gospel) in India), Thiruthilambalam)<br />
*St Thomas Mar Thomas Church, Malappara<br />
*St Gregorious Orthodox Church, EarthuKulakkada<br />
*St George Orthodox Valiyapally, Thuruthilambalam<br />
*Evangelical church, Thuruthilambalam<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kollam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kollam-geo-stub}}</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sheikh_Asif&diff=359780Draft:Sheikh Asif2022-11-22T22:26:48Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| image = Sheikh Asif.jpg<br />
| name = Sheikh Asif<br />
| caption = Sheikh Asif Entrepreneur<br />
| birth_name = Mohammad Asif Sheikh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|29}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| nationality = [[India | Indian]]<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]]<br />
| years_active = 2011 - Present<br />
| organization = Thames Infotech<br />
| known_for = [[Digital Marketing]]<br />
| spouse = Sumaira Jan<br />
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --><br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = Hajhra<br />
| father = Ghulam Rasool <br />
| relatives = Imtiyaz Rasool (brother)<br />
| awards = Nominated for Padma Shri 2022 (self-nomination)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Padma Shri Nomination 2022 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022NominationsPart1_28012022.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref><br />
| website = {{URL|sheikhasif.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sheikh Asif'''(born '''Mohammad Asif Sheikh''' 29 August 1993)<ref name="https://morninghub.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-12-18 |title=Success Story of Young Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://morninghub.in/success-story-of-young-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif/ |website=Morning Hub |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> is an Indian entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |website=5 Dariya News |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="https://www.frontlist.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Frontlist Srinagar youth owns UK-based web designing company |date=2021-01-25 |url=https://www.frontlist.in/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book |website=Frontlist |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> and author<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif |url=https://www.amazon.com/Sheikh-Asif/e/B08MZQNZ28%3F |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=www.amazon.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif company, authors book |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/author/sheikhasif169 |website=India Times |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], CEO & founder of Thames Infotech. He<ref name="https://newsable.asianetnews.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-08-07 |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |website=Asianet Newsable |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> started the company Thames Infotech<ref name="https://indianconventions.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |url=https://indianconventions.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech|access-date=2020-01-21 |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO – Founder Thames Infotech |website=Indian Conventions |language=en}}</ref> in July 2016 in London UK<ref name="https://www.newslocker.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif an Entrepreneur, Author CEO & Founder Thames Infotech - EIN News |date=2020-12-14 |url=https://www.newslocker.com/en-us/profession/entrepreneur/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-amp-founder-thames-infotech-ein-news |website=News Locker |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://newsnationals.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-07-22 |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, an Entrepreneur, CEO & Founder at Thames Infotech |url=https://newsnationals.com/ceo-founder-at-thames-infotech-a-manchester-uk-based-digital-agency|website=News Nationals |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=read |first1=<img alt='' src='https://ela6qz7oyqoi cdn shift8web ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-50x50 jpg' srcset='https://www thekashmirmonitor net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-100x100 jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' />M Aamir Khan·Latest News·6 months ago·2 min |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book - The Kashmir Monitor |url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=With Launch of SOAN MENU, IT icon Sheikh Asif, has proved his digital expertise and kindness again |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/360173-With-Launch-of-SOAN-MENU-IT-icon-Sheikh-Asif-has-proved-his-digital-expertise-and-kindness-again |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref> <ref name="https://sheikhasif.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=About Sheikh Asif|url=https://sheikhasif.com/about-sheikh-asif|website=Sheikh Asif |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
In 2008, Asif<ref name="https://www.issuewire.com">{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Asif |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO & Founder Thames Infotech |url=https://www.issuewire.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech-1682543420029237 |website=Issue Wire |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> dropped out of school and started learning about IT and Business.<ref name="https://foxinterviewer.com">{{Cite web |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-12-16 |title=Story of Young Successful Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://foxinterviewer.com/business/story-of-young-successful-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif |website=For Interviewer |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}/</ref>. After some years he started his own company Thames infotech.<ref name="https://react.etvbharat.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-31 |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |website=ETV Bharat |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> Asif Received the best web designer award in 2017,2018 from Three Best Rated United Kingdom<br />
, a top web developer by Good Firms in 2019 & nominated for the award IIBA 2020 Bangalore India<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=VOK Web |title=History created moment Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book |url=https://thevoiceofkashmir.in/history-created-moment-srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Voice Of Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book. |url=https://thebetterkashmir.com/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Better Kashmir {{!}} Positive and Inspiring Stories from Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, school dropout from Srinagar is now founder &amp; CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://www.alternatekashmir.net/2020/12/11/meet-sheikh-asif-school-dropout-from-srinagar-is-now-founder-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Alternate Kashmir |date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="https://jaunpurtoday.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-23 |title=SHEIKH ASIF An Entrepreneur, Award Winning Web Designer/ Developer, Graphics Designer, Digital Marketer & Influencer. |url=https://jaunpurtoday.com/2020/07/23/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-award-winning-web-designer-developer-graphics-designer-digital-marketer-influencer |website=Jaunpur Today |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://www.timesofkashmir.net">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-08-20 |title=Hard work: A key to success. |url=https://www.timesofkashmir.net/hard-work-a-key-to-success |website=Times Of Kashmir |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout creating IT awareness among Kashmiri youth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/board-exams/school-dropout-creating-it-awareness-among-kashmiri-youth-101616671961788.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive Interview With Young Entrepreneur From Kashmir |url=https://thepresswalla.com/entrepreneurship/exclusive-interview-with-young-entrepreneur-from-kashmir/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Press Walla |date=23 December 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का ऐसा उद्यमी छात्र जिसने व्यवसायों को डिजिटल दुनिया में जाने में की मदद, पद्मश्री के लिए हुए नामित |url=https://reportlook.com/an-entrepreneurial-student-from-kashmir-who-helped-businesses-to-go-to-the-digital-world-nominated-for-padmashree/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Reportlook |date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=English: Padma Shri award nomination of sheikh Asif 2022 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Padmaawardnomination.aspx.pdf |access-date=10 July 2021 |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.daily24x7news.com/jammu-and-kashmir/regional-news-jk/sheikh-asif-srinagar-school-dropout-turned-entrepreneur-owns-an-it-company-based-in-uk/ |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=Daily 24x7 News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का यह स्कूल ड्रॉपआउट अब यूके में है आईटी कंपनी का मालिक |url=https://yourstory.com/hindi/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur-padma-shri2022/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=[Monday Motivation] This school dropout from Kashmir now owns an IT Company in the UK |url=https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2021/07/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Digitization In Business <ref name="https://books.google.co.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Digitization In Business |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4egTEAAAQBA |isbn=978-1-63-781973-9}}</ref><ref name="https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net">{{Cite news|last=Asif| first=Sheikh|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2021-01-25|title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book|url=https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net/epaper/edition/852/monday-jan|website=ePaper The Kashmir Monitor |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif<ref name="https://www.amazon.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif|url=https://www.amazon.in/Email-Marketing-Sheikh-Asif-Ultimate-ebook/dp/B08MWK1FHS |language=en |publisher=Amazon Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Starting Your Own Digital Marketing Agency |publisher=Thames Publications |pages=30 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6DMqEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sheikh+Asif%22&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Online Business Ideas <ref name="https://www.google.co.in/">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Online Business Ideas|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Online_Business_Ideas/LWgYEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en |publisher=Thames Publications}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://sheikhasif.com Personal website]<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/sheeikhasif Sheikh Asif Facebook]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh Asif}}<br />
[[Category:1990s births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Entrepreneur]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sheikh_Asif&diff=359779Draft:Sheikh Asif2022-11-22T22:24:46Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| image = Sheikh Asif.jpg<br />
| name = Sheikh Asif<br />
| caption = Sheikh Asif Entrepreneur<br />
| birth_name = Mohammad Asif Sheikh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|29}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| nationality = [[India | Indian]]<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]]<br />
| years_active = 2011 - Present<br />
| organization = Thames Infotech<br />
| known_for = [[Digital Marketing]]<br />
| spouse = Sumaira Jan<br />
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --><br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = Hajhra<br />
| father = Ghulam Rasool <br />
| relatives = Imtiyaz Rasool (brother)<br />
| awards = Nominated for Padma Shri 2022 (self-nomination)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Padma Shri Nomination 2022 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022NominationsPart1_28012022.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref><br />
| website = {{URL|sheikhasif.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sheikh Asif'''(born '''Mohammad Asif Sheikh''' 29 August 1993)<ref name="https://morninghub.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-12-18 |title=Success Story of Young Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://morninghub.in/success-story-of-young-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif/ |website=Morning Hub |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> is an Indian entrepreneur <ref>{{cite web |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |website=5 Dariya News |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="https://www.frontlist.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Frontlist Srinagar youth owns UK-based web designing company |date=2021-01-25 |url=https://www.frontlist.in/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book |website=Frontlist |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> and author<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif |url=https://www.amazon.com/Sheikh-Asif/e/B08MZQNZ28%3F |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=www.amazon.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif company, authors book |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/author/sheikhasif169 |website=India Times |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], CEO & founder of Thames Infotech. He<ref name="https://newsable.asianetnews.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-08-07 |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |website=Asianet Newsable |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> started the company Thames Infotech<ref name="https://indianconventions.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |url=https://indianconventions.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech|access-date=2020-01-21 |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO – Founder Thames Infotech |website=Indian Conventions |language=en}}</ref> in July 2016 in London UK<ref name="https://www.newslocker.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif an Entrepreneur, Author CEO & Founder Thames Infotech - EIN News |date=2020-12-14 |url=https://www.newslocker.com/en-us/profession/entrepreneur/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-amp-founder-thames-infotech-ein-news |website=News Locker |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://newsnationals.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-07-22 |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, an Entrepreneur, CEO & Founder at Thames Infotech |url=https://newsnationals.com/ceo-founder-at-thames-infotech-a-manchester-uk-based-digital-agency|website=News Nationals |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=read |first1=<img alt='' src='https://ela6qz7oyqoi cdn shift8web ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-50x50 jpg' srcset='https://www thekashmirmonitor net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-100x100 jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' />M Aamir Khan·Latest News·6 months ago·2 min |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book - The Kashmir Monitor |url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=With Launch of SOAN MENU, IT icon Sheikh Asif, has proved his digital expertise and kindness again |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/360173-With-Launch-of-SOAN-MENU-IT-icon-Sheikh-Asif-has-proved-his-digital-expertise-and-kindness-again |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref> <ref name="https://sheikhasif.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=About Sheikh Asif|url=https://sheikhasif.com/about-sheikh-asif|website=Sheikh Asif |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
In 2008, Asif<ref name="https://www.issuewire.com">{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Asif |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO & Founder Thames Infotech |url=https://www.issuewire.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech-1682543420029237 |website=Issue Wire |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> dropped out of school and started learning about IT and Business.<ref name="https://foxinterviewer.com">{{Cite web |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-12-16 |title=Story of Young Successful Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://foxinterviewer.com/business/story-of-young-successful-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif |website=For Interviewer |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}/</ref>. After some years he started his own company Thames infotech.<ref name="https://react.etvbharat.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-31 |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |website=ETV Bharat |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> Asif Received the best web designer award in 2017,2018 from Three Best Rated United Kingdom<br />
, a top web developer by Good Firms in 2019 & nominated for the award IIBA 2020 Bangalore India<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=VOK Web |title=History created moment Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book |url=https://thevoiceofkashmir.in/history-created-moment-srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Voice Of Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book. |url=https://thebetterkashmir.com/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Better Kashmir {{!}} Positive and Inspiring Stories from Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, school dropout from Srinagar is now founder &amp; CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://www.alternatekashmir.net/2020/12/11/meet-sheikh-asif-school-dropout-from-srinagar-is-now-founder-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Alternate Kashmir |date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="https://jaunpurtoday.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-23 |title=SHEIKH ASIF An Entrepreneur, Award Winning Web Designer/ Developer, Graphics Designer, Digital Marketer & Influencer. |url=https://jaunpurtoday.com/2020/07/23/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-award-winning-web-designer-developer-graphics-designer-digital-marketer-influencer |website=Jaunpur Today |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://www.timesofkashmir.net">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-08-20 |title=Hard work: A key to success. |url=https://www.timesofkashmir.net/hard-work-a-key-to-success |website=Times Of Kashmir |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout creating IT awareness among Kashmiri youth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/board-exams/school-dropout-creating-it-awareness-among-kashmiri-youth-101616671961788.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive Interview With Young Entrepreneur From Kashmir |url=https://thepresswalla.com/entrepreneurship/exclusive-interview-with-young-entrepreneur-from-kashmir/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Press Walla |date=23 December 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का ऐसा उद्यमी छात्र जिसने व्यवसायों को डिजिटल दुनिया में जाने में की मदद, पद्मश्री के लिए हुए नामित |url=https://reportlook.com/an-entrepreneurial-student-from-kashmir-who-helped-businesses-to-go-to-the-digital-world-nominated-for-padmashree/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Reportlook |date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=English: Padma Shri award nomination of sheikh Asif 2022 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Padmaawardnomination.aspx.pdf |access-date=10 July 2021 |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.daily24x7news.com/jammu-and-kashmir/regional-news-jk/sheikh-asif-srinagar-school-dropout-turned-entrepreneur-owns-an-it-company-based-in-uk/ |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=Daily 24x7 News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का यह स्कूल ड्रॉपआउट अब यूके में है आईटी कंपनी का मालिक |url=https://yourstory.com/hindi/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur-padma-shri2022/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=[Monday Motivation] This school dropout from Kashmir now owns an IT Company in the UK |url=https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2021/07/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Digitization In Business <ref name="https://books.google.co.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Digitization In Business |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4egTEAAAQBA |isbn=978-1-63-781973-9}}</ref><ref name="https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net">{{Cite news|last=Asif| first=Sheikh|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2021-01-25|title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book|url=https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net/epaper/edition/852/monday-jan|website=ePaper The Kashmir Monitor |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif<ref name="https://www.amazon.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif|url=https://www.amazon.in/Email-Marketing-Sheikh-Asif-Ultimate-ebook/dp/B08MWK1FHS |language=en |publisher=Amazon Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Starting Your Own Digital Marketing Agency |publisher=Thames Publications |pages=30 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6DMqEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sheikh+Asif%22&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Online Business Ideas<ref name="https://www.google.co.in/">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Online Business Ideas|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Online_Business_Ideas/LWgYEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en |publisher=Thames Publications}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://sheikhasif.com Personal website]<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/sheeikhasif Sheikh Asif Facebook]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh Asif}}<br />
[[Category:1990s births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Entrepreneur]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sheikh_Asif&diff=359778Draft:Sheikh Asif2022-11-22T22:24:07Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| image = Sheikh Asif.jpg<br />
| name = Sheikh Asif<br />
| caption = Sheikh Asif Entrepreneur<br />
| birth_name = Mohammad Asif Sheikh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|29}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| nationality = [[India | Indian]]<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]]<br />
| years_active = 2011 - Present<br />
| organization = Thames Infotech<br />
| known_for = [[Digital Marketing]]<br />
| spouse = Sumaira Jan<br />
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --><br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = Hajhra<br />
| father = Ghulam Rasool <br />
| relatives = Imtiyaz Rasool (brother)<br />
| awards = Nominated for Padma Shri 2022 (self-nomination)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Padma Shri Nomination 2022 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022NominationsPart1_28012022.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref><br />
| website = {{URL|sheikhasif.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sheikh Asif''' (born '''Mohammad Asif Sheikh''' 29 August 1993) <ref name="https://morninghub.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-12-18 |title=Success Story of Young Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://morninghub.in/success-story-of-young-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif/ |website=Morning Hub |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> is an Indian entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |website=5 Dariya News |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="https://www.frontlist.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Frontlist Srinagar youth owns UK-based web designing company |date=2021-01-25 |url=https://www.frontlist.in/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book |website=Frontlist |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> and author<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif |url=https://www.amazon.com/Sheikh-Asif/e/B08MZQNZ28%3F |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=www.amazon.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif company, authors book |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/author/sheikhasif169 |website=India Times |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], CEO & founder of Thames Infotech. He<ref name="https://newsable.asianetnews.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-08-07 |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |website=Asianet Newsable |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> started the company Thames Infotech<ref name="https://indianconventions.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |url=https://indianconventions.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech|access-date=2020-01-21 |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO – Founder Thames Infotech |website=Indian Conventions |language=en}}</ref> in July 2016 in London UK<ref name="https://www.newslocker.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif an Entrepreneur, Author CEO & Founder Thames Infotech - EIN News |date=2020-12-14 |url=https://www.newslocker.com/en-us/profession/entrepreneur/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-amp-founder-thames-infotech-ein-news |website=News Locker |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://newsnationals.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-07-22 |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, an Entrepreneur, CEO & Founder at Thames Infotech |url=https://newsnationals.com/ceo-founder-at-thames-infotech-a-manchester-uk-based-digital-agency|website=News Nationals |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=read |first1=<img alt='' src='https://ela6qz7oyqoi cdn shift8web ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-50x50 jpg' srcset='https://www thekashmirmonitor net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-100x100 jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' />M Aamir Khan·Latest News·6 months ago·2 min |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book - The Kashmir Monitor |url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=With Launch of SOAN MENU, IT icon Sheikh Asif, has proved his digital expertise and kindness again |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/360173-With-Launch-of-SOAN-MENU-IT-icon-Sheikh-Asif-has-proved-his-digital-expertise-and-kindness-again |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref> <ref name="https://sheikhasif.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=About Sheikh Asif|url=https://sheikhasif.com/about-sheikh-asif|website=Sheikh Asif |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
In 2008, Asif<ref name="https://www.issuewire.com">{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Asif |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO & Founder Thames Infotech |url=https://www.issuewire.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech-1682543420029237 |website=Issue Wire |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> dropped out of school and started learning about IT and Business.<ref name="https://foxinterviewer.com">{{Cite web |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-12-16 |title=Story of Young Successful Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://foxinterviewer.com/business/story-of-young-successful-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif |website=For Interviewer |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}/</ref>. After some years he started his own company Thames infotech.<ref name="https://react.etvbharat.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-31 |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |website=ETV Bharat |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> Asif Received the best web designer award in 2017,2018 from Three Best Rated United Kingdom<br />
, a top web developer by Good Firms in 2019 & nominated for the award IIBA 2020 Bangalore India<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=VOK Web |title=History created moment Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book |url=https://thevoiceofkashmir.in/history-created-moment-srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Voice Of Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book. |url=https://thebetterkashmir.com/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Better Kashmir {{!}} Positive and Inspiring Stories from Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, school dropout from Srinagar is now founder &amp; CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://www.alternatekashmir.net/2020/12/11/meet-sheikh-asif-school-dropout-from-srinagar-is-now-founder-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Alternate Kashmir |date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="https://jaunpurtoday.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-23 |title=SHEIKH ASIF An Entrepreneur, Award Winning Web Designer/ Developer, Graphics Designer, Digital Marketer & Influencer. |url=https://jaunpurtoday.com/2020/07/23/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-award-winning-web-designer-developer-graphics-designer-digital-marketer-influencer |website=Jaunpur Today |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://www.timesofkashmir.net">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-08-20 |title=Hard work: A key to success. |url=https://www.timesofkashmir.net/hard-work-a-key-to-success |website=Times Of Kashmir |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout creating IT awareness among Kashmiri youth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/board-exams/school-dropout-creating-it-awareness-among-kashmiri-youth-101616671961788.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive Interview With Young Entrepreneur From Kashmir |url=https://thepresswalla.com/entrepreneurship/exclusive-interview-with-young-entrepreneur-from-kashmir/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Press Walla |date=23 December 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का ऐसा उद्यमी छात्र जिसने व्यवसायों को डिजिटल दुनिया में जाने में की मदद, पद्मश्री के लिए हुए नामित |url=https://reportlook.com/an-entrepreneurial-student-from-kashmir-who-helped-businesses-to-go-to-the-digital-world-nominated-for-padmashree/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Reportlook |date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=English: Padma Shri award nomination of sheikh Asif 2022 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Padmaawardnomination.aspx.pdf |access-date=10 July 2021 |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.daily24x7news.com/jammu-and-kashmir/regional-news-jk/sheikh-asif-srinagar-school-dropout-turned-entrepreneur-owns-an-it-company-based-in-uk/ |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=Daily 24x7 News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का यह स्कूल ड्रॉपआउट अब यूके में है आईटी कंपनी का मालिक |url=https://yourstory.com/hindi/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur-padma-shri2022/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=[Monday Motivation] This school dropout from Kashmir now owns an IT Company in the UK |url=https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2021/07/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Digitization In Business <ref name="https://books.google.co.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Digitization In Business |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4egTEAAAQBA |isbn=978-1-63-781973-9}}</ref><ref name="https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net">{{Cite news|last=Asif| first=Sheikh|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2021-01-25|title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book|url=https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net/epaper/edition/852/monday-jan|website=ePaper The Kashmir Monitor |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif<ref name="https://www.amazon.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif|url=https://www.amazon.in/Email-Marketing-Sheikh-Asif-Ultimate-ebook/dp/B08MWK1FHS |language=en |publisher=Amazon Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Starting Your Own Digital Marketing Agency |publisher=Thames Publications |pages=30 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6DMqEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sheikh+Asif%22&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Online Business Ideas<ref name="https://www.google.co.in/">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Online Business Ideas|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Online_Business_Ideas/LWgYEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en |publisher=Thames Publications}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://sheikhasif.com Personal website]<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/sheeikhasif Sheikh Asif Facebook]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh Asif}}<br />
[[Category:1990s births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Entrepreneur]]</div>Mahmoudhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sheikh_Asif&diff=359777Draft:Sheikh Asif2022-11-22T22:21:39Z<p>Mahmoud: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| image = Sheikh Asif.jpg<br />
| name = Sheikh Asif<br />
| caption = Sheikh Asif Entrepreneur<br />
| birth_name = Mohammad Asif Sheikh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|29}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| nationality = [[India | Indian]]<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]]<br />
| years_active = 2011 - Present<br />
| organization = Thames Infotech<br />
| known_for = [[Digital Marketing]]<br />
| spouse = Sumaira Jan<br />
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --><br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = Hajhra<br />
| father = Ghulam Rasool <br />
| relatives = Imtiyaz Rasool (brother)<br />
| awards = Nominated for Padma Shri 2022 (self-nomination)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Padma Shri Nomination 2022 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022NominationsPart1_28012022.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref><br />
| website = {{URL|sheikhasif.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sheikh Asif''' (born '''Mohammad Asif Sheikh''' 29 August 1993)<ref name="https://morninghub.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-12-18 |title=Success Story of Young Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://morninghub.in/success-story-of-young-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif/ |website=Morning Hub |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> is an Indian entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |website=5 Dariya News |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="https://www.frontlist.in">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Frontlist Srinagar youth owns UK-based web designing company |date=2021-01-25 |url=https://www.frontlist.in/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book |website=Frontlist |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> and author<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif |url=https://www.amazon.com/Sheikh-Asif/e/B08MZQNZ28%3F |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=www.amazon.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif company, authors book |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/author/sheikhasif169 |website=India Times |language=en|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], CEO & founder of Thames Infotech. He<ref name="https://newsable.asianetnews.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-08-07 |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |website=Asianet Newsable |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> started the company Thames Infotech<ref name="https://indianconventions.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |url=https://indianconventions.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech|access-date=2020-01-21 |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO – Founder Thames Infotech |website=Indian Conventions |language=en}}</ref> in July 2016 in London UK<ref name="https://www.newslocker.com/">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=Sheikh Asif an Entrepreneur, Author CEO & Founder Thames Infotech - EIN News |date=2020-12-14 |url=https://www.newslocker.com/en-us/profession/entrepreneur/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-amp-founder-thames-infotech-ein-news |website=News Locker |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://newsnationals.com">{{Cite news |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |date=2020-07-22 |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, an Entrepreneur, CEO & Founder at Thames Infotech |url=https://newsnationals.com/ceo-founder-at-thames-infotech-a-manchester-uk-based-digital-agency|website=News Nationals |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout from Kashmir is now founder and CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/school-dropout-from-kashmir-is-now-founder-and-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company-qep18v |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=read |first1=<img alt='' src='https://ela6qz7oyqoi cdn shift8web ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-50x50 jpg' srcset='https://www thekashmirmonitor net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/avatar_user_52_1602068380-100x100 jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo' height='50' width='50' />M Aamir Khan·Latest News·6 months ago·2 min |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book - The Kashmir Monitor |url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=With Launch of SOAN MENU, IT icon Sheikh Asif, has proved his digital expertise and kindness again |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/360173-With-Launch-of-SOAN-MENU-IT-icon-Sheikh-Asif-has-proved-his-digital-expertise-and-kindness-again |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref> <ref name="https://sheikhasif.com">{{Cite web |first=Sheikh |last=Asif |title=About Sheikh Asif|url=https://sheikhasif.com/about-sheikh-asif|website=Sheikh Asif |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
In 2008, Asif<ref name="https://www.issuewire.com">{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Asif |date=2020-12-30 |title=Sheikh Asif is an Entrepreneur, author, CEO & Founder Thames Infotech |url=https://www.issuewire.com/sheikh-asif-is-an-entrepreneur-author-ceo-founder-thames-infotech-1682543420029237 |website=Issue Wire |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> dropped out of school and started learning about IT and Business.<ref name="https://foxinterviewer.com">{{Cite web |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-12-16 |title=Story of Young Successful Kashmiri Entrepreneur Mr Sheikh Asif |url=https://foxinterviewer.com/business/story-of-young-successful-kashmiri-entrepreneur-mr-sheikh-asif |website=For Interviewer |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}/</ref>. After some years he started his own company Thames infotech.<ref name="https://react.etvbharat.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-31 |title=شیخ آصف کا سی ای او بننے تک کا سفر |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/jammu-and-kashmir/state/srinagar/despite-being-a-drop-out-asif-is-becoming-inspiration-for-others/na20200731184216228 |website=ETV Bharat |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> Asif Received the best web designer award in 2017,2018 from Three Best Rated United Kingdom<br />
, a top web developer by Good Firms in 2019 & nominated for the award IIBA 2020 Bangalore India<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=VOK Web |title=History created moment Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book |url=https://thevoiceofkashmir.in/history-created-moment-srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Voice Of Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book. |url=https://thebetterkashmir.com/srinagar-youth-owns-uk-based-web-designing-company-authors-book/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Better Kashmir {{!}} Positive and Inspiring Stories from Kashmir |date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Sheikh Asif, school dropout from Srinagar is now founder &amp; CEO of UK-based web design company |url=https://www.alternatekashmir.net/2020/12/11/meet-sheikh-asif-school-dropout-from-srinagar-is-now-founder-ceo-of-uk-based-web-design-company/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Alternate Kashmir |date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="https://jaunpurtoday.com">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-07-23 |title=SHEIKH ASIF An Entrepreneur, Award Winning Web Designer/ Developer, Graphics Designer, Digital Marketer & Influencer. |url=https://jaunpurtoday.com/2020/07/23/sheikh-asif-an-entrepreneur-award-winning-web-designer-developer-graphics-designer-digital-marketer-influencer |website=Jaunpur Today |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref name="https://www.timesofkashmir.net">{{Cite news |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |date=2020-08-20 |title=Hard work: A key to success. |url=https://www.timesofkashmir.net/hard-work-a-key-to-success |website=Times Of Kashmir |language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=School dropout creating IT awareness among Kashmiri youth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/board-exams/school-dropout-creating-it-awareness-among-kashmiri-youth-101616671961788.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive Interview With Young Entrepreneur From Kashmir |url=https://thepresswalla.com/entrepreneurship/exclusive-interview-with-young-entrepreneur-from-kashmir/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Press Walla |date=23 December 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का ऐसा उद्यमी छात्र जिसने व्यवसायों को डिजिटल दुनिया में जाने में की मदद, पद्मश्री के लिए हुए नामित |url=https://reportlook.com/an-entrepreneurial-student-from-kashmir-who-helped-businesses-to-go-to-the-digital-world-nominated-for-padmashree/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Reportlook |date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=English: Padma Shri award nomination of sheikh Asif 2022 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Padmaawardnomination.aspx.pdf |access-date=10 July 2021 |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/328604-Sheikh-Asif-Srinagar-School-dropout-turned-Entrepreneur-owns-an-IT-Company-based-in-UK |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=5 Dariya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Asif : Srinagar School dropout turned Entrepreneur, owns an IT Company based in UK |url=https://www.daily24x7news.com/jammu-and-kashmir/regional-news-jk/sheikh-asif-srinagar-school-dropout-turned-entrepreneur-owns-an-it-company-based-in-uk/ |access-date=8 July 2021 |work=Daily 24x7 News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कश्मीर का यह स्कूल ड्रॉपआउट अब यूके में है आईटी कंपनी का मालिक |url=https://yourstory.com/hindi/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur-padma-shri2022/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=[Monday Motivation] This school dropout from Kashmir now owns an IT Company in the UK |url=https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2021/07/monday-motivation-school-dropout-from-kashmir-hope-entrepreneur/amp |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=YourStory.com |date=19 July 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Digitization In Business <ref name="https://books.google.co.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Digitization In Business |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4egTEAAAQBA |isbn=978-1-63-781973-9}}</ref><ref name="https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net">{{Cite news|last=Asif| first=Sheikh|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2021-01-25|title=Srinagar youth owns UK based web designing company, authors book|url=https://epaper.thekashmirmonitor.net/epaper/edition/852/monday-jan|website=ePaper The Kashmir Monitor |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif<ref name="https://www.amazon.in">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Email Marketing By Sheikh Asif|url=https://www.amazon.in/Email-Marketing-Sheikh-Asif-Ultimate-ebook/dp/B08MWK1FHS |language=en |publisher=Amazon Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Asif |first1=Sheikh |title=Starting Your Own Digital Marketing Agency |publisher=Thames Publications |pages=30 |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6DMqEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sheikh+Asif%22&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
*Online Business Ideas<ref name="https://www.google.co.in/">{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Sheikh |title=Online Business Ideas|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Online_Business_Ideas/LWgYEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en |publisher=Thames Publications}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://sheikhasif.com Personal website]<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/sheeikhasif Sheikh Asif Facebook]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh Asif}}<br />
[[Category:1990s births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Entrepreneur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Entrepreneur]]</div>Mahmoud