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Muslim Welfare Association

2026-04-26T20:43:33Z

MYRA: Added

{{Short description|Organisation based in Maharashtra}}{{Infobox organisation
| name = Muslim Welfare Association
| formation = 2024
| full_name = Muslim Welfare Association
| native_name = मुस्लिम वेल्फेअर असोसिएशन
| native_name_lang = mr
| abbreviation = MWA
| founding_location = Mumbai, Maharashtra
| type = [[Non-governmental organization]]
| status = Foundation
| purpose = Avtivism
| headquarters = Mumbai, Maharashtra
| origins = Maharashtra
| region_served = India
| language = English, Marathi
| leader_title = Leader
| leader_name = [[Saleem Sarang]]
}}

'''Muslim Welfare Association''' is a [[Non-governmental organisations in India|non-governmental organisation]] based in [[Maharashtra]] working for the interest of Muslims. It is led by [[Saleem Sarang]], a founder member of the organisation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-27 |title=Crucial Muslim Leadership Summit to be held in Mumbai on July 27 |url=https://muslimmirror.com/crucial-muslim-leadership-summit-to-be-held-in-mumbai-on-july-27/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=[[Muslim Mirror]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra: Muslim Welfare Association Demands 5% Reservation At Start Of Assembly Session |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/maharashtra-muslim-welfare-association-demands-5-reservation-at-start-of-assembly-session |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The organisation is working in education, reservation and leadership fields.<ref>{{Cite web |last=माझा |first=निलेश बुधावले, एबीपी |date=2025-01-23 |title=मुस्लिम वेल्फेअर असोसिएशनचं संग्राम जगतापांना खरमरीत पत्र; शिर्डीच्या साईबाबा मंदिर परिसरातील ' |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/politics/muslim-welfare-association-letter-to-sangram-jagtap-regarding-haji-abdul-baba-dargah-in-shirdi-temple-area-maharashtra-marathi-news-1340182 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=शिर्डी दर्ग्याचा वाद : आपली विचारसरणी बदलली का ? राष्ट्रवादीच्या आमदाराला मुस्लीम संस्थेचा सवाल |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/politics/shirdi-dargah-controversy-muslim-organizations-letter-to-ncp-mla-sangram-jagtap-1338885.html/amp |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Reservation activism ===
In June 2024, the Muslim Welfare Association led by Salim Sarang demanded 5% reservation for education in Muslims in the Indian state of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-06-30 |title=आरक्षणासाठी मुस्लिम वेल्फेअर असोसिएशन आंदोलनाच्या पवित्र्यात |url=https://www.lokmat.com/mumbai/muslim-welfare-association-to-agitate-for-reservation-a-a732/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-01 |title=Muslim group threatens mass agitation for 5% reservation to the community |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/muslim-group-threatens-mass-agitation-for-5-reservation-to-the-community/articleshow/111412526.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=indiatomorrow |first=admin |date=2024-07-06 |title=Muslims demand 5% quota in jobs and educational institutes in Maharashtra, SP and NCP extend support |url=https://indiatomorrow.net/2024/07/06/muslims-demand-a-5-quota-in-jobs-and-educational-institutes-in-maharashtra-sp-and-ncp-extend-support/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=IndiaTomorrow}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Blabbering Like A Fool': NCP's Saleem Sarang Reacts To Nitesh Rane's Comments On 5% Quota For Muslims In Education |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/pune/blabbering-like-a-fool-saleem-sarang-reacts-to-nitesh-ranes-comments-on-5-quota-for-muslims-in-education |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-09 |title=Muslims in state revive demand for reservation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/muslim-reservation-demand-revived-in-maharashtra/articleshow/110827543.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Muslim Leadership Summit ===
Muslim Welfare Association organised the summit in July 2024 for discussing the leadership within the Muslim Community. It was attended by [[Tauqeer Raza Khan]], [[Sajjad Nomani|Khalilur Rahman Sajjad Nomani]], [[Javed Ali Khan]], [[Mohibbullah Nadvi]], [[Zia ur Rahman Barq|Ziaur Rahman Barq]], [[Aslam Shaikh]], [[Zeeshan Siddique|Zeeshan Siddiqui]], [[Abu Azmi|Abu Asim Azmi]], [[Nawab Malik]], [[Abdur Rahman (police officer)|Abdur Rahman]] and others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title=Muslim Leadership Summit to discuss reservation, other issues facing the community |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/muslim-leadership-summit-to-discuss-reservation-other-issues-facing-the-community/articleshow/112048323.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muslim Leadership Summit 2024: Islamic scholars, clerics and law-makers urge political parties to ensure fair representation |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/muslim-leadership-summit-2024-islamic-scholars-clerics-and-law-makers-urge-political-parties-to-ensure-fair-representation-3146454 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Muslim Leadership summit paves way for political representation, empowerment |url=https://www.uniindia.com/muslim-leadership-summit-paves-way-for-political-representation-empowerment/west/news/3260334.html |work=United News of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muslim Leadership Summit in Mumbai to discuss reservation for community in education, jobs |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/muslim-leadership-summit-in-mumbai-to-discuss-reservation-for-community-in-education-jobs-3123858 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Indo-Asian News |date=2024-07-26 |title=Crucial Muslim Leadership Summit to be held in Mumbai on July 27 |url=https://www.siasat.com/crucial-muslim-leadership-summit-to-be-held-in-mumbai-on-july-27-3068653/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National panel of Muslims to raise community’s demands with Centre, states |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1216689 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Islam in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Ken Karunas

2026-04-20T15:06:26Z

MYRA: New Some Info W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian Tamil actor and director (born 2001)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ken Karunas
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|04|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = Actor, director, composer, playback singer, lyricist
| years_active = 2013–present
| known_for =
| parents = [[Karunas]] (father) [[Grace Karunas]] (mother)<ref name="Dhanush says he has a 'lot to learn' from Ken at Youth pre-release event: 'You proved me wrong...'">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Dhanush says he has a "lot to learn" from Ken at Youth pre-release event: 'You proved me wrong...' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Mar/13/dhanush-says-he-has-a-lot-to-learn-from-ken-at-youth-pre-release-event-you-proved-me-wrong |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420144642/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Mar/13/dhanush-says-he-has-a-lot-to-learn-from-ken-at-youth-pre-release-event-you-proved-me-wrong |archive-date=20 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
| website =
}}

'''Ken Karunas''' (born 18 April 2001) is an Indian actor, director, composer, playback singer, and lyricist who works in Tamil cinema. He is the son of [[Karunas]].

== Career ==
Ken made his acting debut in the film ''[[Ragalaipuram]]'' (2013), where he played a supporting role alongside his father, Karunas. He also starred in ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' (2019) as one of Dhanush's sons who is caught in tumultuous circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-age-of-innocence/article29603615.ece|title=Dhanush praised me for the climax scene, says Ken Karunas on ‘Asuran’|first=Srivatsan|last=S|date=October 5, 2019|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

He worked as an assistant director to [[Dhanush]] in ''[[Vaathi]]'' (2023),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ken-karunas-joins-dhanush-on-the-sets-of-vaathi/articleshow/90565955.cms|title=Ken Karunas joins Dhanush on the sets of Vaathi|date=March 31, 2022|work= The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[Thiruchitrambalam]]'' (2022) and ''[[Raayan]]'' (2024) before making his debut as an independent director and lead actor through ''[[Youth (2026 film)|Youth]]'' (2026).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/16/ken-karunaas-working-as-an-ad-to-dhanush-made-me-interested-in-direction|title=Ken Karunaas: Working as an AD to Dhanush made me interested in direction|first=Akshay|last=Kumar|date=January 16, 2026|website=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Mar/13/exclusiveken-karunaas-my-only-ambition-was-to|title=Exclusive|Ken Karunaas: 'My only ambition was to...'|first=|last=|date=March 13, 2026|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Ragalaipuram]]'' || Ganesh || rowspan="3"|Child artist
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Nedunchaalai]]'' || Mani
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Azhagu Kutti Chellam]]'' || Murugu Subramani
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' || Chidambaram || <ref name="Ken Karunas to play a crucial role in Asuran">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Ken Karunas to play a crucial role in Asuran |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/Feb/04/ken-karunas-to-play-a-crucial-role-in-asuran-9945.html |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420145429/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/Feb/04/ken-karunas-to-play-a-crucial-role-in-asuran-9945.html |archive-date=20 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dhanush praised me for the climax scene, says Ken Karunas on ‘Asuran’">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Dhanush praised me for the climax scene, says Ken Karunas on ‘Asuran’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-age-of-innocence/article29603615.ece |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=The Hindu |date=5 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420150343/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-age-of-innocence/article29603615.ece |archive-date=20 April 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023 || ''[[Vaathi]]'' || Young Muthu || rowspan="2"|Tamil-Telugu bilingual film
|-
| ''Sir'' || Young Murthy
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]'' || Karuppan ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Youth (2026 film)|Youth]]'' || Praveen || Also director and lyricist
|}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+As composer
|-
! Year
! Title
! Notes
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Salliyargal]]'' || Composed alongside Easwar
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+As playback singer
|-
! Year
! Film
! Song(s)
! Composer
! Notes
|-
| 2023 || {{n/a}} || "Vaada Raasa" || rowspan="2" | Himself Easwar || Music video
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2026 || ''[[Salliyargal]]'' || "Oorae Oorae" ||
|-
| ''[[Youth (2026 film)|Youth]]'' || "Mutta Kalakki" "Paranthene Penne"
"Loveah Sollitalea"
"Jilpanso" "Chamiki" (Telugu dubbed version)
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|Debut as lead actor
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=6432419|name=Ken Karunas}}

[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2001 births]]

Mandal, Rajasthan

2026-04-20T04:27:58Z

MYRA: New.

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan state of India.
| coordinates = {{coord|25|26|21|N|74|35|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1219
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 17391
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
== Introduction ==
'''Mandal''' is a town and tehsil in the [[Bhilwara district]] of the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. It is located approximately 15 km north of Bhilwara city and serves as an administrative center in the region.

== History ==
Mandal has historical significance dating back to the medieval period. The region is believed to have been used as a military encampment during the [[Mughal Empire]]'s campaigns in Mewar, particularly during the siege of [[Chittorgarh]]. Remains of historical structures, including watchtowers and ruins, can still be found in the area.

Before Indian independence, the region was part of princely states such as [[Banera]] and [[Badnor]], which later merged into the state of Rajasthan in 1949.

== Geography ==
Mandal is situated in southeastern Rajasthan within Bhilwara district. The tehsil spans an area of approximately 1,200 square kilometers. The region has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, moderate monsoon rainfall, and mild winters.

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Mandal town has a population of around 17,000, while the Mandal tehsil has a population exceeding 230,000.

The literacy rate in Mandal town is around 70%, while the tehsil has a lower literacy rate. The majority of the population practices [[Hinduism]], followed by [[Islam]] and [[Jainism]].

== Economy ==
The local economy is primarily based on agriculture, with major crops including wheat, maize, and pulses. Animal husbandry also plays a significant role in rural livelihoods.

Due to its proximity to Bhilwara, known as the "Textile City of India", Mandal benefits from trade and employment opportunities linked to the textile industry.

== Culture ==
Mandal is known for its traditional fairs and cultural practices. One of the notable events is the annual donkey fair (Vaishakh Nandan Mela), held after [[Diwali]] during [[Govardhan Puja]].

The region also preserves traditional folk performances, including '''Nahar Nritya''', a local dance form performed during festive occasions. The dance is typically associated with rural celebrations and reflects the cultural heritage of the Bhilwara region. Performers often wear traditional attire and enact symbolic movements representing strength and community traditions.

The fair is traditionally organized by the Prajapati community and includes trading, decoration competitions, and races involving donkeys.

== Places of interest ==
* '''Battis Khambon ki Chhatri''' – A historic cenotaph known for its architectural design
* '''Meja Dam''' – A nearby reservoir and local tourist attraction
* '''Mandal Talab''' – A local pond that serves as a water resource and gathering place for residents. It is an important part of the town's landscape and is associated with daily activities and seasonal usage.
* Various temples and heritage structures in and around the town

== Administration ==
Mandal serves as a tehsil headquarters and is governed under the Panchayati Raj system. It falls under a legislative assembly constituency in Rajasthan.

== Transport ==
Mandal is connected by road to Bhilwara and surrounding towns. The nearest railway station is located in Bhilwara. The nearest airports are in [[Udaipur]] and [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIPR_Bhilwara.pdf |title=Brief Industrial Profile of Bhilwara District |publisher=Government of India Ministry of MSME |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124222511/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIPR_Bhilwara.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandal tehsil}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Bhilwara district]]

Mizo Revival of 1913

2026-04-19T16:33:28Z

MYRA: Added.

{{short description|1913 Christian Revival in Mizoram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}

The '''Mizo Revival of 1913''' was a [[Christian Revivalism]] movement in the [[British Lushai Hills|Lushai Hills]] ([[Mizoram]]) among the [[Mizo people]]. The revival independently formed two sources in the north in [[Aizawl]] and the south in [[Lunglei]], and further spread the influence of Christianity towards more villages and areas. It introduced indigenous interpretations of Christianity and a change in women's rights and social roles.

==Background==
{{see also|Bawi system|Mautam}}
The Mizo revival of 1913 was contextualised with the efforts of [[Peter Fraser (missionary)|Peter Fraser]] in campaigning to abolish the [[Bawi system]], which he perceived as slavery.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=186}} Fraser gained popularity as a medic and formed the {{lang|lus|Kraw Sipai}} ({{translation|Soldiers of the Cross}}) with freed slaves and former patients. Most missionaries adopted the view that progress in social conscience will lead to gradual abolition of the system, while Fraser had conducted his own insight and surmised it to be too hard on vulnerable individuals to be ignored.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=187}}

The controversy ended with Superintendent [[H.W.G. Cole]] banishing Fraser from the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=190}} Cole himself was removed from office despite his success in modernising the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=192}}

In 1911-12, the [[mautam]] famine emerged in the Lushai Hills. The famine led to wide impoverishment and led to the decline of the {{lang|lus|Puma Zai-Tlangnam Zai}} cultural movement against the [[Mizo Revival of 1906]]. During this era, Christian Mizos and the Missions in the North and South participated in alleviating the strain of food insecurity in the Lushai Hills and those in poverty. The Lushai Famine Fund opened by the missions looked after orphans and poor people and thus made an impression on several individuals of the gospel's teachings.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=195}}

==Revival==
After the death of the Mizo Revival enthuist Dara on 3 February 1913, Dara's wife, Thangrochhingi, prayed over her husband's corpse for five days. On 9 February 1913, the revival sparked in Thangrochhingi's house with songs led by evangelist Thanghrima. The meeting intensified with passionate prayers and intense fervor for a whole week before waning after Thangrochhingi was accused to having the spirit of the devil.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=196}}

The revival was brought back on 9 March 1913 at Bupawla Veng during an informal congregation of churches. The delegates held a mass prayer and sparked a revival. The leader forbid the reading of the [[Bible]] and encouraged to encounter the [[Holy Ghost]] within themselves. The revival stirred for a week with singing, dance, hymns and divine visions. The revival was most powerful in Sanga Veng where Thangrochhingi had previously experienced the first stirring.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=197}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=162}}

The presbytery meetings in April and October were dominated with passionate stirrings of faith . It mostly consisted of singing, dancing, hymns and confessions of sins. The revival spread to many more villages in the nroth such as Sialsuk, Hmuifang, Maubang, Phulpui, [[Khawbung]], Hualtu, Thanlailung, Darchhun, Tuisenhnar, Arro, Kawlkulh, Biate, Leisen, Khuangleng Khuangthing, Khuafoh, Hrangkima Khua, Khawdunsei, Dulte, Khawthlir and Haklawn. Western Mizoram was affected little by the stirring of the second revival due to lack of communication and difficult transportation.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=197}} The two big stirrings in the west occurred in CHief [[Hrangvunga]]'s village of Bunghmun who was an early Christian chief and Chieftess Lalthangthuami ([[Lianphunga]]'s daughter) who professed her regret of promoting "Satan's cause".{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=199}}

The northeastern Mizoram stirrings were so powerful in spreading that they spilt over into Manipur at Senvawn. In the south, Chief Suaka of Durtlang worked to bring the revival south. The southern church was still influenced by an independent revival that occurred between 20-25 March 1913 at Serkawn. It began with a gathering after two years of the [[mautam]] famine had disrupted congregation. Due to heavy downpour only 630 delegates attended of the 1000 invited.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=199}} Several sermons were preached by [[Challiana]], Laia and Haudala. After the end of the sermons, the whole night was spent in singing, dancing and hymns and enthusiasm grew from the theology topics covered concerning the [[Resurrection of Christ]].{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=200}}

The Revival of 1913, grew the church and continued into 1914 briefly.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=200}}

==Autonomous Religious Movement==
The second revival oversaw the indigenous interpretations of the Christian scripture emerge.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=207}} One female leader of the Christian women named Nui cut her hair and advocated false teachings of worshipping the Cross instead of Jesus Christ. She influenced women to dance with cardboard cutouts of crosses in chapels.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=206}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=162}} Nui also began to introduce prophecy, such as the coming of Christ, to be dated to 1918 in a speech in April 1913. However, she was stopped by an individual who stated that no one knows the return of Christ.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=207}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=162}} She have away her life savings to the poor to fulfil the prophecy before she shortly died. The teachings of Nui were corrupted into end-time prophecies where individuals would dispose of all extra clothes, stop working on cultivating food in their [[jhum]]s and destroy their agricultural tools for song and dance instead.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=207}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=162}}

Khawtiantlira is known as the founder of the {{lang|lus|Tlira Pawl}} ({{translation|Tlira's group}}).{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=207}} Tlira had become convinced of the Second Coming of Christ and made an evangelistic trip across Burma before becoming frustrated. He encountered several divine visions where he penned 27 booklets of 712 chapters known as {{lang|lus|Sakawlh Manna Van Thar Bu}} ({{translation|Book of New Heaven and on the capture of the Chief Beast}}). Tlira began to teach on his visions and deviated from the teachings of the Church. Tlira's teachings were stated to resemble first century [[Gnosticism]].{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=208}} Tlira attracted several prominent early Mizo Church figures and his following increased rapidly. Tlira's book has been debated by authors if it was designed to substitute the [[New Testament]] or be interpretted complimentary to it.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=209}}

The Church was forced to write bulletins on the Revival and declare the true and falsified teachings of autonomous agents such as Tlira. Tlira's influence was considered a significant issue that it was raised during the 1914 october Presbytery meeting. The meeting declared the issue of [[false prophet]]s and how they devalidate the scripture and mislead new converts of the faith. Tlira and his followers were excommunciated from the Church as a result. Tlira's movement lost steam as a result and the movement died with Tlira in 1951.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=210}}

==Women's rights==
The influence of the 1913 Revival shed light on the issues of women's rights in traditional Mizo society. While the Christian movement did emancipate and liberate women, it antagonised Mizo men. The arrival of the Revival allowed for the progress of women to be introduced more smoothly.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=220}} Christianity introduced the abolition of [[bride price]], marriage equality and the right of inheritance to surviving spouses.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=159}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=221}} Lorraine himself believed that non-Christian Mizos treated marriage as a loose union that would be broken for trivial reasons and that Christian Mizos embodied the spirit of marriage.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=221}}

The matter of the [[Indian Christian Marriage Act]] was difficult to enforce in Mizoram as it was part of the Inner Line and not subject to mainland law.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=158}} The Church set up a committee from the Presbytery to oversee divorce without the interference of legal sanctions.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=221}} It was designed to morally and spiritually support Christian couples without legal advice or consequences.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=187}} Two years after the beginning of the revival, the Church introduced Bible women in 1916. The Church in the North officially recognised women's leadership roles in the Church. The first five Bible women were Bualthluaii, Thangluaii, Chhingtei (Aizawl), Chhingtei (Durtlang) and Dochhungi. Bualthluaii and Thangluaii were two of the early Bible women who joined the Tlira movement.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=222}} The Bible Women were trained by Mrs Jones. Chhingteii of Durtlang gained the most reputation among the Bible women and set the example for the organisation later on.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=186}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==

*{{cite book |first=J. Meirion |last=Lloyd |title=History of the Church in Mizoram: Harvest in the Hills |year= 1991 |pages=17–23| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BkgFAQAAIAAJ| publisher= Synod Publication Board}}
*{{cite book |last=Vanlalchhuanawma |date=2007 |title=Christianity and Subaltern Cuture: Revival Movement as a Cultural Response to Westernisation in Mizoram|location=Delhi |publisher=Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |isbn=978-81-7214-901-7}}

[[Category:Christian revivals in Lushai Hills district]]
[[Category:1913 in British India]]
[[Category:1913 in Christianity]]

Ramdev labour law and medicine mislabelling controversy

2026-04-19T16:24:12Z

MYRA: started

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
[[Ramdev]] is [[yoga]] [[guru]] in [[India]]. A manufacturing unit owned by his yoga [[Charitable trust|trust]] was accused of violating labour law and medicine mislabelling. The controversy lasted from mid-2005 to March 2006, when the state government of [[Uttaranchal]] dropped charges against Ramdev.
[[File:Swami Ramdev giving verbal instructions to the students at the Yoga and Pranayam Shivir organised by the All India Vaishya Federation and inaugurated by the Vice President Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, in New Delhi on October 07.jpg|thumb|Ramdev in 2004]]

==History==
In April 2005, Divya Yog Pharmacy manufacturing plant in [[Haridwar]], own by Ramdev, dismissed 115 workers. The workers had been protesting demanding better wages and insurance. [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]], a trade union associated with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], got involved in it on behalf of the workers. On 21 May 2005, a tripartite agreement was signed between the workers, the plant and the district administration. However, the plant did not honour the agreement and implicated several workers in exaggerated police cases.<ref name="how war began">{{cite news|title=How Karat-Ramdev War began|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=61019|accessdate=24 July 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 January 2006}}</ref>
[[File:Brinda Karat by Debjani Basu.jpg|thumb|[[Brinda Karat]] in 2009]]
Also in May 2005, [[Brinda Karat]], a CPI(M) leader, visited the site to show solidarity with the workers. She was informed by the agitating workers that human skull and animal parts were allegedly being used by the pharmacy. Karat demanded an investigation. They denied the allegations and said that only sea shells and herbs were used in the preparations.<ref name="how war began"/> On 22 May 2005, workers began protesting outside the house of district magistrate R.K. Sudhanshu, who had the authority to enforce the agreement.<ref name="name of Ayurveda">{{cite news|title=In the name of Ayurveda|url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20060210002604200.htm&date=fl2302/&prd=fline|accessdate=24 July 2014|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=28 January 2006}}</ref>

In June 2005, Karat organised protests in Haridwar and [[Dehra Dun]] on behalf the dismissed workers. She also met with then [[Uttaranchal]] Health Secretary S. K. Dass and demanded that the pharmacy be brought under the [[Factory Act|Indian labour law]] as was mass-producing medicines for sale, and the workers be adequately compensated for their labour.<ref name="how war began"/> In July 2005, the workers began writing letters to various state officials claiming that crushed human skulls were being used in a preparation (''Kuliya Bhasm'') intended for [[epilepsy]] and [[testicle]]s of the [[Oriental small-clawed otter|Indian otter]] was being used a preparation (''Yauvanamrit Bati'') intended for treatment for sexual weakness.<ref name="name of Ayurveda"/>

Earlier in May, the workers had obtained samples of the two preparations from the yoga trust's hospital, ''Brahmakalp Chikitsalay'', in Haridwar, along with payment receipts. There were handed over to Principal Secretary (Health) of Uttarachal, Sujit Das, who recommended that in the central government agencies as the state didn't have facilities to test them. The [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]] passed the samples to Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH). AYUSH found evidence of human and animal DNA in the samples. The final report said that [[Ayurveda]] allowed usage to those materials, but the pharmacy was in violation of licensing and labelling laws under Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.<ref name="name of Ayurveda"/>

On 3 January 2006, Brinda Karat, backed by a letter from Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary in the Health Ministry, accused Ramadev of adulteration and labelling violations. Ramadev held a press conference in response and denied the allegations. He claimed that no government agency had approached the pharmacy for tests and that Karat was siding with drug [[Multinational corporation|MNC]]s to defame his firm. He also alleged that the samples may have been tampered with.<ref name="karat chop">{{cite news|title=Karat chop chokes guru’s breath: CPM leader accuses Ramdev of selling ‘medicines’ with animal parts|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060104/asp/frontpage/story_5679195.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307172118/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060104/asp/frontpage/story_5679195.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 7, 2006|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|date=3 January 2006}}</ref><ref name=BBC-bone>{{cite news|title=Guru accused of 'human bone' drug|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4580846.stm|access-date=23 July 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=4 January 2006}}</ref> On 5 January, supporter of Ramdev tried to barge into the CPI(M) office and clashed with the police who tried to stop them. Then Health Minister, Anbumani Ramadoss, said that samples provided by Karat contained human parts but further tests were being conducted.<ref name=clash-bone>{{cite news|title=Yoga guru's followers clash with police after 'human bones' claim|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/world/yoga-guru-s-followers-clash-with-police-after-human-bones-claim-1-687081|accessdate=24 July 2014|work=[[The Scotsman]]|date=5 January 2006}}</ref> However, many newspapers carried information to the contrary.<ref name=wayward>{{cite news|author1=P. Sainath|title=The republic and the wayward rationalist|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/27/stories/2006012704131000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524140003/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/27/stories/2006012704131000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2006|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 Jan 2006|quote=Sections of the media even claimed that the Union Health Ministry had not confirmed the presence of animal and human DNA in those medicines sent for testing. Quite untrue. Such DNA was found in the medicines and the Health Minister's statement confirmed it.}}</ref> On 7 January, Karat said that her campaign was about labour laws and consumer rights, she was not against yoga or Ayurveda.<ref name=clash-bone/><ref name=core-issue-Brinda>{{cite news|title=Labour law core issue in Ramdev case: Brinda|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/nation.htm#2|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[Tribune India]]|date=7 January 2006}}</ref>

In January 2006, several politicians expressed support for Ramdev, among them were [[Sharad Pawar]],<ref name=pawar>{{cite news|title=Pawar appreciates work of Ramdev|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/09/stories/2006010916751500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304170150/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/09/stories/2006010916751500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2006|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 January 2006}}</ref> [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]],<ref name=lalu-balm>{{cite news|title=TV guru Ramdev gets Lalu balm|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tv-guru-ramdev-gets-lalu-balm/article1-37103.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226093312/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tv-guru-ramdev-gets-lalu-balm/article1-37103.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 26, 2014|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=5 January 2006}}</ref> [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Ram Madhav]], [[Prakash Javdekar]] and [[Subhas Chakraborty]].<ref name=harm>{{cite news|title=What’s the harm?|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/what-s-the-harm-/152263|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|date=6 January 2006}}</ref> A Uttaranchal Minister Dhirendra Pratap accused Karat of foul play and demanded an apology.<ref name=MinisterKarat>{{cite news|title=Uttaranchal Minister demands Karat's apology, CBI probe|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Uttaranchal-Minister-demands-Karats-apology--CBI-probe/346581|accessdate=26 December 2014|work=[[Outlook India]]|date=5 January 2006}}</ref>

On 22 February 2006, the Health Minister [[Anbumani Ramadoss]] clarified to the [[Lok Sabha]] one of the tests had confirmed human [[DNA]]. However other labs had failed to detected the same. He said that a report had been sent to the Uttaranchal government for further investigation.<ref name=ramadoss>{{cite news|title=Baba Ramdev drug sample had human parts|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/feb/22baba.htm|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=[[Rediff]]|date=22 February 2006}}</ref>

In March 2006, the Uttarakhand government cleared Ramdev of the animal parts in medicine charges.<ref name=ramdev-clear-animal>{{cite news|title=Yogi cleared of animal parts row|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4786114.stm|access-date=23 July 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=8 March 2006}}</ref> Afterwards, also in March, Karat received a legal notice from B. D. Sethi, a [[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]] leader from Faridabad, for causing religious disturbances in the country and hurting the religious feelings of [[lacto-vegetarian|pure vegetarians]].<ref name=sethi-notice>{{cite news|title=Brinda Karat Receives Legal Notice over Ramdev Issue|url=http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Brinda-Karat-Receives-Legal-Notice-over-Ramdev-Issue-8562-1/|date=19 March 2006|accessdate=23 July 2014|work=Bio-Medicine.org|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212120942/http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Brinda-Karat-Receives-Legal-Notice-over-Ramdev-Issue-8562-1/|archivedate=12 December 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Ramdev]]
[[Category:Medical controversies in India]]
[[Category:2006 controversies]]
[[Category:Patanjali Ayurved]]
[[Category:Labour disputes in India]]

Rani Awantibai Lodhi University, Sagar

2026-04-19T07:07:37Z

MYRA: stub

{{Short description|State University in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = {{font color|blue|Rani Awantibai Lodhi University}}
| established = 2024
| city = [[Saugor|Sagar]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| website = https://www.ralvv.mp.gov.in/}}

'''Rani Awantibai Lodhi University''', is located in [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] city of [[Madhya Pradesh]], named after the [[Avantibai|Rani Avantibai Lodhi]]. It is a State University established by the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Launch of Rani Avantibai Lodhi University, Sagar {{!}} Webcast Services of National Informatics Centre, Government of India |url=https://webcast.gov.in/events/MjM2Mg-- |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=webcast.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About University |url=https://www.ralvv.mp.gov.in/About-Us/About-University |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=www.ralvv.mp.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/education-career/rani-avanti-bai-lodhi-government-university-to-start-admissions-in-june-8785060.html|title=Rani Avanti Bai Lodhi Government University To Start Admissions In June|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/sagar-cm-mohan-yadav-inaugurated-rani-avanti-bai-lodhi-government-university-in-sagar-8289048|title=Sagar New University: सागर में विधायक की लालच पर मुख्यमंत्री का जवाब, ठहरो जरा अभी लौट कर फिर आऊंगा|date=13 March 2024|website=Nai Dunia}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Saugor|Sagar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.ralvv.mp.gov.in/ Official Web Site]

{{Universities in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Education in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-university-stub}}

Badli, Delhi Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:43:30Z

MYRA: created basic article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Legislative assembly seat in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Badli
| mla = [[Deepak Chaudhary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 1993
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[North West Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 5
}}
'''Badli Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituencies of [[Delhi]] in northern India. The Badli constituency is part of the [[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North West Delhi (Lok Sabha)]] constituency.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/badli.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Jai Bhagwan Aggarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Devender Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Ajesh Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Aahir Deepak Chaudharyy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Badli<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Badli">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Badli |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U055.htm |access-date=9 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209180126/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U055.htm |archive-date=9 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Aahir Deepak Chaudharyy]]|votes=61,192|percentage=40.66|change={{increase}}11.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Ajesh Yadav]]|votes=46,029|percentage=30.58|change={{decrease}}19.07}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Devender Yadav]]|votes=41,071|percentage=27.29|change={{increase}}7.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=692|percentage=0.45|change={{increase}}0.01}}
{{Election box majority||votes=15,163|percentage=10.08|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,50,495|percentage=62.53|change={{decrease}}1.08}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: [[Badli]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/|title = General Legislative Election 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Ajesh Yadav]]|votes=69,427|percentage=49.65|change={{decrease}}1.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Vijay Kumar Bhagat|votes=40,333|percentage=28.84|change={{increase}}9.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Devender Yadav|votes=27,483|percentage=19.65|change={{decrease}}6.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=609|percentage=0.44|change={{decrease}}0.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Laxman Kumar|votes=579|percentage=0.41|change={{decrease}}0.07}}
{{Election box majority|votes=29,094|percentage=20.81|change={{decrease}}4.04}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,39,913|percentage=63.61|change={{decrease}}0.15}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Aam Aadmi Party|swing={{decrease}}1.49}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: Badli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Ajesh Yadav]]
|votes = 72,795
|percentage = 51.14
|change = {{increase}}25.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Devender Yadav]]|votes=37,419|percentage=26.29|change={{decrease}}18.31}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Rajesh Yadav|votes=28,238|percentage=19.84|change={{decrease}}5.77}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Dr. Mohd. Jawed Habib|votes=685|percentage=0.48|change={{decrease}}1.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=713|percentage=0.50|change={{decrease}}0.30}}
{{Election box majority||votes=35,376|percentage=24.85|change={{increase}}5.89}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,42,351|percentage=63.76|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{increase}}25.63
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Badli <ref>[http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=5 Assembly Elections December 2013 Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Devender Yadav]]
| votes = 54,372
| percentage = 44.60
| change = +4.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Vijay Kumar Bhagat
| votes = 31,263
| percentage = 25.65
| change = +6.60
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Mohan Krishan
| votes = 31,098
| percentage = 25.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Munawwar Hassan
| votes = 2,125
| percentage = 1.74
| change = -24.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Mahesh Sahu
| votes = 615
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mohan Jha
| votes = 418
| percentage = 0.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Hindustan Nirman Dal
| candidate = Puneet Mandal
| votes = 274
| percentage = 0.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
| candidate = Raj Kumar
| votes = 253
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Waqar Khan
| votes = 204
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Manoj Kumar Pandey
| votes = 190
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jai Pal
| votes = 108
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 978
| percentage = 0.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 23,109
| percentage = 18.96
| change = +5.13
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 121,911
| percentage = 61.53
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = +4.74
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Badli<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Devender Yadav
| votes = 39,215
| percentage = 39.86
| change = -0.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = [[Ajesh Yadav]]
| votes = 25,611
| percentage = 26.03
| change = +22.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Rajesh Yadav
| votes = 18,743
| percentage = 19.05
| change = -34.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Jitender Kumar
| votes = 11,242
| percentage = 11.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Parwinder Singh
| votes = 1,165
| percentage = 1.18
| change = +0.74
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 13,604
| percentage = 13.83
| change = +1.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 98,381
| percentage = 57.1
| change = +9.22
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = -0.70
}}
{{Election box end}} <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>

===2003===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2003"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2003]]: Badli<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_DEL_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Jai Bhagwan Aggarwal
| votes = 69,189
| percentage = 53.33
| change = +5.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Dharm Vir Yadav
| votes = 52,625
| percentage = 40.56
| change = -2.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Ramesh Chander
| votes = 4,340
| percentage = 3.34
| change = -0.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Labour Party (Secular)
| candidate = Lakhan Singh
| votes = 750
| percentage = 0.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Basuki Nath Chaoudhary
| votes = 566
| percentage = 0.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shiveners Mishra
| votes = 560
| percentage = 0.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Ch Anand
| votes = 493
| percentage = 0.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
| candidate = Dilip Kumar Aggarwal
| votes = 313
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gobind Dewan
| votes = 310
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anil Jindal
| votes = 212
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Naresh Kumar Goyal
| votes = 189
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gopal Krishan Aggarwal
| votes = 107
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anil Gogia
| votes = 94
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 16,564
| percentage = 12.77
| change = +7.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 129,748
| percentage = 47.88
| change = +2.02
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +5.38
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2003"/>

===1998===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1998"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1998]]: Badli<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-DEL98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Jai Bhagwan Aggarwal
| votes = 42,559
| percentage = 47.95
| change = -0.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Narain Singh Yadav
| votes = 37,882
| percentage = 42.91
| change = +9.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Phool Chand
| votes = 3,808
| percentage = 4.32
| change = -0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samata Party
| candidate = Ramesh Chander Sharma
| votes = 2,509
| percentage = 2.85
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Manmeet Singh
| votes = 997
| percentage = 1.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Shakti
| candidate = Ram Gopal Sisodia
| votes = 239
| percentage = 0.27
| change = +0.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = K L Garg
| votes = 164
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kanwar Sain Jain
| votes = 139
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Nathu Ram Jain
| votes = 69
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anil Gogia
| votes = 52
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gulshan Kumar Bajaj
| votes = 51
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sanju Kumar Goel
| votes = 27
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 4,437
| percentage = 5.04
| change = -10.72
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 88,136
| percentage = 45.86
| change = -14.66
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -0.80
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 1998"/>

===1993===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1993"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1993]]: Badli<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_DL_93.pdf 1993 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Jai Bhagwan Aggarwal
| votes = 30,420
| percentage = 48.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Rajesh Yadav
| votes = 20,588
| percentage = 32.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Satish Yadav
| votes = 5,507
| percentage = 8.82
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Phool Chand
| votes = 3,015
| percentage = 4.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Delhi Poorvanchal Party
| candidate = Ramesh Chandra Sharma
| votes = 1,320
| percentage = 2.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Radheshyam
| votes = 271
| percentage = 0.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party (Ramakant Pandey)
| candidate = Shyam Mishra
| votes = 200
| percentage = 0.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Parsu Ram
| votes = 141
| percentage = 0.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Arjun Singh Mundawar
| votes = 130
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mam Chand
| votes = 82
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = S P Dhingra
| votes = 82
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Navender Bajaj
| votes = 79
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mahesh Kumar
| votes = 70
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Vikas Party
| candidate = Ganga Ram Ambedkar
| votes = 58
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Yash Pal
| votes = 56
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Doordarshi Party
| candidate = Laxmi Devi
| votes = 46
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajinder
| votes = 42
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = S David
| votes = 41
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ajay Kumar Jain
| votes = 37
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Satbir Singh
| votes = 36
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jagdish
| votes = 31
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bhagwan Singh
| votes = 29
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh Jain
| votes = 27
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ram Gopal Sisodia
| votes = 26
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ajit Singh
| votes = 25
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Govind
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = A S Chawla
| votes = 13
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Madhu Sudan
| votes = 12
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 9,832
| percentage = 15.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 62,403
| percentage = 60.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 1993"/>

==See also==
* [[First Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Third Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.733|77.144|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]

Horabagrus nigricollaris

2026-04-17T20:57:35Z

MYRA: New New Data First Draft - done

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=Raghavan, R. |author2=Ali, A. |year=2011 |title=''Horabagrus nigricollaris'' |volume=2011 |article-number=e.T172358A6875791 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T172358A6875791.en |language=en |access-date=27 June 2014}}></ref>
| taxon = Horabagrus nigricollaris
| authority = [[Rohan Pethiyagoda|Pethiyagoda]] & [[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat]], 1994
}}

'''''Horabagrus nigricollaris''''' is a [[species]] of [[catfish]] [[endemism|endemic]] to [[India]]. It is also known as
the "Black collared catfish".<ref name=cotm>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetcatfish.com/cotm/cotm.php?article_id=107|title=PlanetCatfish::Catfish of the Month::September 2001|date=2005}}</ref> It is found only in the [[Chalakudy River]] in [[Kerala]], India.<ref name=Fishbase/> This species is an inhabitant of hill streams.<ref name=Fishbase>{{FishBase species |genus= Horabagrus|species= nigricollaris| month = April| year = 2015}}</ref>

==Description==
''H. nigricollaris'' is sleeker in body shape than ''H. brachysoma'' and can reach a length of {{convert|27|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|TL]].<ref name=Fishbase/> This species is less yellow than ''H. brachysoma'' and the black markings extend over the neck, forming a "black collar" (hence the scientific name).<ref name=cotm/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3595142}}

[[Category:Horabagridae]]
[[Category:Catfish of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Environment of Kerala]]
[[Category:Endangered fish]]
[[Category:Endangered fauna of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Rohan Pethiyagoda]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1994]]

{{bagridae-stub}}

Chintpurni Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:05Z

MYRA: created a details first draft

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chintpurni
| type=SLA
| constituency_no = 41
| map_image = 41-Chintpurni constituency.svg
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Una district|Una]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Sudarshan Singh Babloo (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Sudarshan Singh Babloo]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:84013}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Chintpurni''' is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. [[Chintpurni]] is also part of [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceohimachal.nic.in/Bkground/rpt_PCWISEELECTORS.pdf|title=Assembly Constituency wise Electors as on 15-09-2010|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Himachal Pradesh website|accessdate=25 April 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314170045/http://ceohimachal.nic.in/Bkground/rpt_PCWISEELECTORS.pdf|archivedate=14 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=6, 158–164}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kullu.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Kullu Assembly constituency]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Onkar Chand ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Hans Raj ||
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Hans Raj Akrot ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Ganesh Dutt ||
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|[[Sushma Sharma (politician)|Sushma Sharma]] ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Hari Datt ||
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Parveen Sharma ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|| Rakesh Kalia
||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Rakesh kalia||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Kuldip Kumar ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Balbir Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Balbir Singh]]<ref name=election2017/>
|
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Sudarshan Singh Babloo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 Election Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0841.htm?ac=41 |website=www.results.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113170221/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0841.htm?ac=41 |archivedate=13 January 2023}}</ref> ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudarshan Singh Babloo]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,712 |percentage=52.70% |change={{increase}}11.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Balbir Singh]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=27,854|percentage=44.87%|change={{decrease}}10.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ram Paul|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=767|percentage=1.24%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=355|percentage=0.57%|change={{decrease}}0.34}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,858 |percentage=7.83% |change= {{decrease}}6.86 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=62,072|percentage=73.88%|change={{decrease}}1.04}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,013 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=32,488 |percentage=55.61% |change={{increase}}8.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,909 |percentage=40.92% |change={{decrease}}7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=621 |percentage=1.06% |change={{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=534 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,579 |percentage=14.68% |change= {{increase}}13.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,422 |percentage=74.92% |change= {{increase}}6.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,979 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,720 |percentage=48.37% |change={{decrease}}7.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,282 |percentage=47.48% |change={{increase}}25.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lok |party=Himachal Lokhit Party |votes=662 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwan Dass Jassal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=543 |percentage=1.11% |change={{decrease}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harmesh Chand |party=Shivsena |votes=452 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant Singh |party=Trinamool Congress |votes=290 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=438 |percentage=0.89% |change= {{decrease}}32.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,038 |percentage=68.83% |change= {{decrease}}3.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,244 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Kalia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,737 |percentage=55.57% |change={{decrease}}4.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,602 |percentage=22.03% |change={{decrease}}13.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shadi Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=7,204 |percentage=14.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Dutt |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,732 |percentage=3.60% |change={{increase}}2.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,348 |percentage=2.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=459 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,135 |percentage=33.53% |change= {{increase}}8.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,115 |percentage=71.83% |change= {{decrease}}2.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,985 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.93 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Kalia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,581 |percentage=60.35% |change={{increase}}25.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Praveen Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,640 |percentage=35.51% |change={{decrease}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thakur Ram Dass Katwal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=522 |percentage=1.19% |change={{decrease}}20.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=416 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Col. Ramesh Chand Prashar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=413 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Kumar |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=385 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,941 |percentage=24.84% |change= {{increase}}22.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,048 |percentage=74.36% |change= {{increase}}5.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,314 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}23.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Parveen Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,764 |percentage=37.11% |change={{increase}}12.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Dutt |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,111 |percentage=35.21% |change={{increase}}10.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Dutt |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,606 |percentage=22.11% |change={{increase}}18.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sushma Sharma (politician)|Sushma Sharma]] |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=1,227 |percentage=3.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Dutt |party=Independent politician |votes=300 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=653 |percentage=1.90% |change= {{decrease}}15.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,393 |percentage=69.53% |change= {{increase}}2.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,192 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}5.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Dutt |party=Independent politician |votes=14,060 |percentage=42.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Dutt |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,247 |percentage=24.77% |change={{decrease}}10.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sushma Sharma (politician)|Sushma Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,074 |percentage=24.25% |change={{decrease}}21.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Desh Deep |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,210 |percentage=3.63% |change={{decrease}}10.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,127 |percentage=3.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chamel Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=301 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fazquir Chand Kahol |party=Independent politician |votes=212 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,813 |percentage=17.46% |change= {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,298 |percentage=66.86% |change= {{increase}}5.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,238 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sushma Sharma (politician)|Sushma Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,619 |percentage=45.33% |change={{increase}}11.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Dutt |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,718 |percentage=35.67% |change={{decrease}}6.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Desh Deep |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,265 |percentage=14.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chamel Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=705 |percentage=2.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=187 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birbal |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes=178 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narinder Kumar Kalia |party=Independent politician |votes=177 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,901 |percentage=9.66% |change= {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,045 |percentage=61.67% |change= {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,138 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Dutt |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,864 |percentage=42.31% |change={{decrease}}3.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulwant Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,839 |percentage=33.63% |change={{decrease}}4.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=3,216 |percentage=13.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lok |party=Independent politician |votes=1,443 |percentage=6.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=308 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=269 |percentage=1.15% |change={{decrease}}2.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudesh Modgil |party=Independent politician |votes=181 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,025 |percentage=8.69% |change= {{increase}}0.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,312 |percentage=63.31% |change= {{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,205 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,904 |percentage=45.78% |change={{increase}}10.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Romesh Chander |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,199 |percentage=37.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=1,938 |percentage=8.96% |change={{decrease}}35.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=765 |percentage=3.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harnam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=364 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jeewn Ram Alias Bansi Lal |party=Lokdal |votes=307 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,705 |percentage=7.88% |change= {{decrease}}1.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,633 |percentage=63.73% |change= {{increase}}11.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,465 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Janata Party |votes=7,636 |percentage=44.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,055 |percentage=35.41% |change={{decrease}}6.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,045 |percentage=11.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shankar Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=770 |percentage=4.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balkrishan |party=Independent politician |votes=480 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ruder Datt Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=115 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,581 |percentage=9.25% |change= {{decrease}}4.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,101 |percentage=52.16% |change= {{increase}}4.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,444 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintpurni<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,683 |percentage=41.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=3,866 |percentage=28.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birbal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,314 |percentage=24.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagat Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=512 |percentage=3.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulwant Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=248 |percentage=1.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,817 |percentage=13.34% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,623 |percentage=48.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,168 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Chintpurni]]
* [[Una district]]
* [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|31.81|76.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Una district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Mandhata Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:42Z

MYRA: Details.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mandhata
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 175
| map_image = 175-Mandhata.svg
| mla = [[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Lokendra Singh Tomar
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Khandwa district|Khandwa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
}}
'''Mandhata''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> It is part of [[Khandwa district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |Lokendra Singh Tomar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2020{{Efn|by-poll}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}
{{noteslist}}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mandhata<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
|votes = {{formatnum:80880}}
|percentage = 47.94
|change = -5.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Uttam Rajnarayan Singh Purni
|votes = {{formatnum:80291}}
|percentage = 47.59
|change = +8.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rahul Chandel Adiwashi
|votes = {{formatnum:2908}}
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1554}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change = -0.18
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:589}}
|percentage = 0.35
|change = -14.33
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168723}}
|percentage = 78.02
|change = +1.50
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 bypoll ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Mandhata<ref name="elections2020_bypolls">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:80394}}
|percentage = 53.33
|change = +6.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Uttampal Rajnarayan Singh Purni
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:58265}}
|percentage = 38.65
|change = -8.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rao Jitendra Singh Rao Shailendra Singh
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:6583}}
|percentage = 4.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jitendra Vasande
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:1561}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1652}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change = +0.06
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22129}}
|percentage = 14.68
|change = +13.86
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:150748}}
|percentage = 76.52
|change = -2.31
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mandhata<ref name="election2018"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:71228}}
|percentage = 47.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kunwar Narendra Singh Tomar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:69992}}
|percentage = 46.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bliram Devra
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3305}}
|percentage = 2.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dr. Bhaktprahlad Mishra
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:1891}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anil Ghanshyam
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:1794}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1575}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1236}}
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:150831}}
|percentage = 78.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mandhata<ref name="election2013"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Lokendra Singh Tomar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 65,327
|percentage = 48.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Narayan Patel (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Narayan Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 60,990
|percentage = 45.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,119
|percentage = 2.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Rajesh Pawar
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|votes = 2,063
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ramesh Bhaskar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,048
|percentage = 1.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 4,337
|percentage = 3.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,34,467
|percentage = 73.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Mandhata]]
* [[Mundi]]
BADNAGAR

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.25|76.15|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Khandwa district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Ullal Thangal

2026-04-15T11:45:41Z

MYRA: Added initial info needs work...

{{Short description|Indian Muslim leader (1920–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]], [[Shafi'i school|Shafī school of thought]]
| title = Tājul Ulamā
| image = Sayyid Abdurahiman Al Bukhari.jpg
| caption = 2013
| name = Abdurahman Al Bukhari
| birth_name = Sayyid ˈAbdur-Rahmān al-Bukhāri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1920}}
| birth_place = [[Karuvanthuruthy]], [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|02|01|1920|||df=y}}
| resting_place = Ettikulam, [[Kannur]], Kerala, India
| years_active =
| alma_mater = [[Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College]]
| occupation = [[Islamic scholar]]
| spouse = Sayyidat Fatima
| children = 7<ref name="DoolNews 2014" />
| awards =
| nationality = Indian
| website = {{URL|http://www.seyyidmadaniullal.com/ullalthangal.php}}
}}

'''Sheikh Sayyid ˈAbdur-Rahmān al-Bukhāri'''{{Pronunciation needed}}(1920 – 1 February 2014),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/kerala/ullal-thangal-passes-away-143402.html |title=Ullal Thangal passes away |website=mathrubhumi.com |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150131031445/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/kerala/ullal-thangal-passes-away-143402.html |archive-date=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2014">{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Ullal-qazi-Abdul-Rahman-passes-away/articleshow/29772651.cms |title=Ullal qazi Abdul Rahman passes away |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=8 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108033049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Ullal-qazi-Abdul-Rahman-passes-away/articleshow/29772651.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> commonly known as '''Ullal Thangal'''<ref name="DoolNews 2014">{{Cite web |url=http://www.doolnews.com/samastha-president-ullal-thangal-passed-away-665.html |title=സമസ്ത പ്രസിഡന്റ് ഉള്ളാള്‍ തങ്ങള്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു |trans-title=Samastha President Ullal Thangal passed away |work=DoolNews |date=1 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302093655/http://www.doolnews.com/samastha-president-ullal-thangal-passed-away-665.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and honoured with the title '''Tājul Ulamā'''<ref name="The Times of India 2014" /> {{Literally|Crown Among the Clerics}},<ref name="www.madhyamam.com 2014" /> was an [[India]]n [[Islamic scholar]].<ref name="www.madhyamam.com 2014" /> He was the president of [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (AP Sunnis)|Samastha]],<ref name="DoolNews 2014" /> Jamia Sa-adiya Arabic College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhatkallys.com/bhatkal-news/ullal-qazi-abdul-rahman-passes-away/ |title=Ullal qazi Abdul Rahman passes away |website=bhatkallys.com |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133553/http://www.bhatkallys.com/bhatkal-news/ullal-qazi-abdul-rahman-passes-away/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Principal of the Sayyid Madani Arabic College, Ullal,<ref name="Tulunadu News 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://tulunadunews.com/ullal-thangal-abdul-rahman-al-bukhari/ |title=Ullal Thangal Abdul Rahman Al-Bukhari no more |website=Tulunadu News |language=en-US |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508232809/http://tulunadunews.com/ullal-thangal-abdul-rahman-al-bukhari/ |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Qadi|Qazi]] of [[Ullal]] and several districts of Karnataka state.<ref name="Tulunadu News 2016" />

He was a prominent vice president of the Samastha Mushawara until the split of the Samastha in 1989 and AP Samastha's president thereafter.<ref name="www.madhyamam.com 2014">{{Cite web |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/en/node/20419 |title=Muslim scholar Ullal Thangal passes away |website=madhyamam.com |date=1 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=10 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310113855/http://www.madhyamam.com/en/node/20419 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DoolNews 2014" />

His grave is in Ettikulam, [[Kannur]] district of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/61665-sea-of-humanity-attends-funeral-of-ullal-thangal |title=Sea of humanity attends funeral of Ullal Thangal |website=coastaldigest.com |language=en-US |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602144448/http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/61665-sea-of-humanity-attends-funeral-of-ullal-thangal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Madumoole 2014">{{Cite web |url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/coastal-plus/61664-a-tribute-to-tajul-ulema |title=A tribute to Tajul Ulema |last1=Madumoole |first1=Abdulla |website=coastaldigest.com |language=en-US |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602140458/http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/coastal-plus/61664-a-tribute-to-tajul-ulema |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Siddeeq 2014">{{Cite web |url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/61640-ullal-thangal-tajul-ulema-no-more |title=Ullal Thangal Tajul Ulema no more |last=Siddeeq |first=Naeem |website=coastaldigest.com |language=en-US |date=1 February 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602143030/http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/61640-ullal-thangal-tajul-ulema-no-more |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
He was born in Karuvanthuruthy, Faroke in Calicut District. He studied Islamic jurisprudence in the school of [[Shamsul Ulama]] and [[Kanniyyath Ahmed Musliyar]]. Later he went to [[Al Baqiat al Salihat, Vellore]] to peruse higher Islamic studies. After that he went to [[Ullal]] near [[Mangalore]] to serve in Sayyid Madani Arabic College and had been there for sixty years.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.arabnews.com/news/519616 Kerala CM leads Muslims to pay homage to scholar] at [[Arab News]]
* [http://www.islamicpluralism.org/2341/as-spiritual-light-fades-south-indian-muslims As Spiritual Light Fades, South Indian Muslims Face Many Woes] at islamicpluralism.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thangal, Ullal}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Islam in Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala Sunni-Shafi'i scholars]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]

Kodihalli, Bengaluru

2026-04-14T17:20:11Z

MYRA: New First Info W/ Refs

{{Short description|Locality in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
'''Kodihalli''' is a locality in the eastern part of Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mycitybuddy.com/map.do?l=area&id=220 |title=Kodihalli Bangalore Map |access-date=17 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009130632/http://www.mycitybuddy.com/map.do?l=area&id=220 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It starts from 80 feet [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]], Jeevanbhima Nagar junction and extends up to Leela Palace on [[Old Airport Road, Bangalore|Old Airport Road]]. Until the late 1990s, Kodihalli was just an undistinguished village on the way to [[HAL Airport]], but since then it has seen extraordinary real estate growth owing to its proximity to offices on [[Old Airport Road, Bangalore|Old Airport Road]]. It is surrounded by well established areas like Thippasandra, Indiranagar and Domlur. It is about 4 km from M.G road. The nearest railway station is at [[Krishnarajapuram]] which is roughly 7 km.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kodihalli, Bengaluru}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Kodihalli+Bangalore&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3bae1405a1f73105:0x80548beabcb5078d,Kodihalli,+Bengaluru,+Karnataka,+India&gl=us&ei=7bT5TY3pLY--sAOb2dTeBQ&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ8gEwAA Location of Kodihalli in Bangalore]

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Areas of Bangalore'''
|Northwest = [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]]
|North = HAL 2nd Stage / HAL 3rd Stage
|Northeast = [[Jeevanbheemanagar]]
|West = [[Domlur]]
|Centre = ''Kodihalli''
|East = [[National Aerospace Laboratories|NAL]]
|Southwest = [[Inner Ring Road (Bangalore)|Inner Ring Road]]
|South = Rustumbagh Layout
|Southeast = [[Murugeshpalya]]
}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Bangalore}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{BangaloreUrban-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in East Bengaluru]]

Sarla Mudgal and Others v. Union of India

2026-04-14T07:27:11Z

MYRA: Added new data first draft...

{{Short description|1995 Supreme Court of India case}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India
|court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = Sarla Mudgal and Ors. v. Union of India
|date decided = 11 May 1995
|citations = AIR 1995 SC 1531
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
|judges =
|number of judges =
|decision by = [[Kuldip Singh (judge)|Kuldip Singh]]
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions =
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = 
|italic title =
}}

'''''Sarla Mudgal v. Union Of India'''''<ref>AIR 1995 SC 1531</ref> is a [[Supreme Court of India]] case. Its judgement in 1995 laid down the principles against the practice of solemnizing second marriage by conversion to Islam, with first marriage not being dissolved. The verdict discusses issue of bigamy, the conflict between the personal laws existing on matters of marriage and invokes [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/508426/ Section 494 of Indian Penal Code, 1860]. It is considered a landmark decision that highlighted the need for a [[uniform civil code of India|uniform civil code]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Vrinda Narain |title=Gender and Community: Muslim Women's Rights in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxBEQpqFy7cC&pg=PA62 |year=2001 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-4869-1 |pages=62 }}</ref>

==Facts==
In the Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India, there were two main petitioners. The first was Kalyani, a NGO that works with needy and distressed women, which is headed by Sarla Mudgal. The next petitioner was Meena Mathur, married to Jitender Mathur. In 1988, Meena finds that Jitender converted to Islam and solemnized second marriage with Sunita Narula, also known as Fathima. Meena Mathur complained that her husband converted to Islam only for the purposes of getting married again and circumvented the provisions of Section 494 of IPC.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://indiankanoon.org/doc/508426/|title = Section 494 of the Indian Penal Code|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

In Writ Petition 424 of 1992, Geeta Rani, married to Pradeep Kumar alleged physical and mental violence by her husband. She later found out that her husband, Pradeep, eloped and married another woman after converting to Islam, in 1991. Sushmita Ghosh, petitioner in Civil Writ Petition 509 of 1992 married G. C. Ghosh according to Hindu rituals in 1984. The husband told her that she wanted a divorce and the petitioner argued that she was the legally wedded wife. The husband embraced Islam and wanted to marry Vinita Gupta. The petitioner has prayed to not let her husband to enter a marriage with Vinita Gupta.

In the case Section 494 of IPC, article 14, 15 20 were discussed in details. The court discussed in detail these two issues:
# Whether a Hindu husband married under Hindu law is allowed to embrace Islam and then indulge into a marriage with another women?
# Whether the husband can be charged under 494 of IPC?

==Judgement==
The Court held that the first marriage would have to be dissolved under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The man's first marriage would therefore, still be valid and under Hindu law, his second marriage, solemnized after his conversion, would be illegal under Section 494 of the [[Indian Penal Code]], 1860.

The Sarla Mudgal judgment has issued no directions for the implementations of [[Uniform civil code of India|Uniform Civil Code]], though Justice Kuldeep Singh has requested the government to look at the Article 44 of the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1406604/|title = Article 44 of Indian Constitution|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

==Significance==
Sarla Mudgal judgment was hailed as precedent for Uniform Civil Code, and cited various cases where personal laws of different religions have come in conflict. The second marriage of Hindu Husband was considered void under Section 494 of IPC, in the judgement the judge gets into detailed examination of the case, Justice Kuldip Singh, while delivering the judgment remarked, "When more than 80% of the citizens have already been brought under the codified personal law there is no justification whatsoever to keep in [[abeyance]], any more, the introduction of "uniform civil code" for all citizens in the territory of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://blog.mylaw.net/the-supreme-courts-advocacy-of-a-uniform-civil-code/|title = Supreme Courts Advocacy of a Uniform Civil Code|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>" There was an appeal to the government to have a re-look at Article 44 of Indian Constitution, which suggest Uniform civil code for the citizens.

It was submitted by Mr. Yusuf Muchala, senior advocate, appearing for the All-India Muslim Personal Law Board and also by the advocate of the Jamiat [[Ulama|Ulema]] Hind that the Sarla Mudgal Judgment would render the status of the second wife as that of a [[concubine]] and children born of that wedlock as illegitimate to this the Honb’le judges have held this issue is not involved in the present case. What we are considering is the effect of second marriage via the first marriage which subsists in spite of conversion of the husband to Islam, for the limited purpose of ascertaining his criminal liability under Section 17 of the H.M. Act read with Section 494 IPC. As and when this question is raised, it would be open to the parties to agitate the legitimacy of such wife and children and their rights in appropriate proceedings or forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15-7-2000/Art15.htm|title = Supreme Court on feigned conversion to Islam and second marriage-II|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Supreme Court of India]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://indiankanoon.org/ Indian Kanoon website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarla Mudgal, and others. v. Union of India}}
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]
[[Category:Marriage law in India]]
[[Category:Marriage in Islam]]
[[Category:Polygamy law]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:1995 in case law]]

Miss World 2025

2026-04-12T13:15:16Z

MYRA:

{{Short description|72nd Miss World pageant, beauty pageant edition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss World 2025
| image = Opal Suchata Miss World 2025.jpg
| caption = [[Suchata Chuangsri]]
| date = 31 May 2025
| presenters = {{Hlist|[[Stephanie Del Valle]]|Sachiin Kumbhar<ref name=GYMA>{{Cite news|last=Mallick|first=Gyanisha|date=30 May 2025|title=The 72nd Miss World Grand Final Set to Happen in Telangana. Here is all you need to know about it|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/the-72nd-miss-world-grand-final-set-to-happen-in-telangana-here-is-all-you-need-to-know-about-it-975614|access-date=30 May 2025|website=[[The Hans India]]|language=en}}</ref>}}
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]|[[Ishaan Khatter]]<ref name="GYMA" />}}
| venue = [[HITEC City#HITEX Exhibition Centre|HITEX Exhibition Centre]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| broadcaster = {{ubl|Television:|{{Hlist|[[London Live (TV channel)|London Live]]}}|Streaming:{{Hlist|[[SonyLIV]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Tanzeel|date=26 May 2025|title=Watch 72nd Miss World 2025 in the US on Sonyliv|url=https://www.purevpn.com/blog/watch-72nd-miss-world-2025-in-the-us-on-sonyliv/|access-date=27 May 2025|website=[[PureVPN]]|language=en|archive-date=26 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526182731/https://www.purevpn.com/blog/watch-72nd-miss-world-2025-in-the-us-on-sonyliv/|url-status=live}}</ref>|StagePlayer+<ref>{{Cite news|last=Live Final|first=The 72nd Miss World 2025|date=28 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 Over 100 contestants from around the globe participated in the 72nd Miss World Festival celebrating culture, purpose, and beauty - culminating in the Grand Finale on 31st May at HITEX|url=https://stage.playerplus.com/product/miss-world|access-date=26 June 2025|website=Stage Player Plus|language=en}}</ref>}}}}
| entrants = 108
| placements = 40
| withdrawals = {{Hlist|Costa Rica|Guinea-Bissau|Iraq|Lesotho|Liberia|Macau|Morocco|Norway|Slovakia|South Korea|Tanzania|Uruguay}}
| returns = {{Hlist|Albania|Armenia|Equatorial Guinea|Kyrgyzstan|Latvia|North Macedonia|Suriname|Zambia}}

| winner = [[Suchata Chuangsri]]
| represented = Thailand
| before = [[Miss World 2023|2023]]
| next = [[Miss World 2026|2026]]
}}

'''Miss World 2025''' was the 72nd edition of the [[Miss World]] pageant, held at the [[HITEC City#HITEX Exhibition Centre|HITEX Exhibition Centre]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India, on 31 May 2025. [[Krystyna Pyszková]] of the Czech Republic crowned [[Suchata Chuangsri]] of Thailand at the conclusion of the event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/09/style/czech-republic-krystyna-pyszkova-miss-world-2024/index.html|accessdate=9 March 2024|title=Krystyna Pyszková of Czech Republic crowned Miss World 2023|first=Alex|last=Rees|date=9 March 2024|website=[[CNN News]]|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309190401/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/09/style/czech-republic-krystyna-pyszkova-miss-world-2024/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This is the first time Thailand has won in the history of the pageant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thethaiger.com/th/news/1409523/|accessdate=1 June 2025|title=โอปอล ชนะ Miss World 2025 มงแรกของไทย ในประวัติศาสตร์ 74 ปี|trans-title=Opal wins Miss World 2025 — Thailand's first crown in the pageant's 74-year history|author=Aindravudh|date=1 June 2025|website=[[Thaiger]]|archive-date=1 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601105505/https://thethaiger.com/th/news/1409523/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:MISS_WORLD_-_2025_She_Moves_The_World_-_Miss_World_Sports_Day,_Telangana_Event_Passes_2.jpg|thumb|MISS WORLD - 2025 She Moves The World - Miss World Sports Day, Telangana Event Passes]]

Contestants from 108 countries and territories competed in the pageant, and was co-hosted by [[Miss World 2016]], [[Stephanie Del Valle]] and Sachiin Kumbhar. [[Bollywood]] actors [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] and [[Ishaan Khatter]] performed in this edition.<ref name=GYMA />

== Background ==
[[file:HitexIcon.jpg|thumb|[[HITEC City#Hyderabad International Convention Centre|HITEX Exhibition Centre]], the venue of Miss World 2025]]
On 19 February 2025, the organizers announced that the final event would take place on 31 May 2025 in [[Hyderabad]], India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Telangana to host Miss World Pageant-2025 from May 4|quote=The pageant will be spread over 28 days with the grand opening and closing ceremonies scheduled to be held in Hyderabad|date= February 19, 2025|author=Syed Mohammed|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> This was the third time the pageant was held in India, following [[Miss World 1996]] and [[Miss World 2023]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 May 2025|title=From 1996 To 2025: Tracing India's Miss World Hosting History|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/from-1996-to-2025-tracing-indias-miss-world-hosting-history-enn25050801542|access-date=13 May 2025|website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|language=en|archive-date=8 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508122824/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/from-1996-to-2025-tracing-indias-miss-world-hosting-history-enn25050801542|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2025|title=Meet Miss World contestants from subcontinent, no representative from Pakistan|url=https://www.siasat.com/meet-miss-world-contestants-from-subcontinent-no-representative-from-pakistan-3219559/|access-date=13 May 2025|website=[[The Siasat Daily]]|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512215254/https://www.siasat.com/meet-miss-world-contestants-from-subcontinent-no-representative-from-pakistan-3219559/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Selection of participants ===
Contestants from one-hundred and eight countries and territories were selected to compete in the pageant.<ref name="GYMA" />

==== Replacements ====
Several representatives either withdrew from the competition or were replaced for various reasons. The following are the confirmed changes:

Miss Czech Republic 2023, Justýna Zedníková,<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2023|last=Vodičková|first=Lucie|title=Nejkrásnější dívka ČR Justýna Zedníková se "missí nemoci" a bulváru nebojí|trans-title=The most beautiful girl in the Czech Republic, Justýna Zedníková, is not afraid of "missing illness" and the tabloids|url=https://jicinsky.denik.cz/spolecnost/miss-world-justyna-zednikova.html|access-date=26 April 2025|website=Jičínský deník|language=Czech|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531103428/https://jicinsky.denik.cz/spolecnost/miss-world-justyna-zednikova.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was replaced by Miss Czech Republic 2024, Adéla Štroffeková.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2024|last=Vodičková|first=Lucie|title=Adéla Štroffeková: Vyhrát po Krystyně Miss World bude těžké, ale ne nemožné|trans-title=Adéla Štroffeková: Winning Miss World after Krystyna will be difficult, but not impossible|url=https://berounsky.denik.cz/spolecnost/adela-stroffekova-miss.html|access-date=26 April 2025|website=Berounský deník|language=Czech|archive-date=16 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616181613/https://berounsky.denik.cz/spolecnost/adela-stroffekova-miss.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zedníková later participated in [[Miss Supranational 2024]], where she was second runner-up.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 July 2024|title=Indonesia wins Miss Supranational 2024; PH in Top 12 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/7/6/indonesia-wins-miss-supranational-2024-ph-in-top-12-718|access-date=26 April 2025|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en|archive-date=15 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215142727/https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/7/6/indonesia-wins-miss-supranational-2024-ph-in-top-12-718|url-status=live}}</ref> Miss Tunisia 2023, Amira Afli, was replaced by Miss Tunisia 2025, Lamis Redissi.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 February 2023|title=Amira Afli élue Miss Tunisie 2023|trans-title=Amira Afli elected Miss Tunisia 2023|url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/national-tunisie/1134953/amira-afli-elue-miss-tunisie-2023|access-date=26 April 2025|website=Mosaique FM|language=fr|archive-date=1 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101135607/https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/national-tunisie/1134953/amira-afli-elue-miss-tunisie-2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 February 2025|title=Lamis Redissi élue Miss Tunisie 2025|trans-title=Lamis Redissi elected Miss Tunisia 2025|url=https://www.arabesque.tn/fr/article/124210/lamis-redissi-elue-miss-tunisie-2025|access-date=26 April 2025|website=Arab Esque Tunisia|language=fr|archive-date=24 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224091115/https://www.arabesque.tn/fr/article/124210/lamis-redissi-elue-miss-tunisie-2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Noelia Hernandez of Belize withdrew from the competition for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by her first runner-up, Shayari Morataya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Noelia Hernandez crowned Miss World Belize|url=
https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/noelia-hernandez-crowned-miss-world-belize|work=caribbean.loopnews|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Belize/> Miss Côte d'Ivoire 2024, Marie-Emmanuelle Diamala, was replaced by her first runner-up, Fatoumata Coulibaly.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yao Kouassi|first=Thierry|date=2024-06-30|title=Diamala Marie-Emmanuelle sacrée Miss Côte d'Ivoire 2024 |trans-title=Diamala Marie-Emmanuelle crowned Miss Côte d'Ivoire 2024|url=https://www.msn.com/fr-xl/afrique-de-l-ouest/cote-ivoire-actualite/diamala-marie-emmanuelle-sacr%C3%A9e-miss-c%C3%B4te-d-ivoire-2024-une-fiert%C3%A9-pour-le-sud-como%C3%A9-dr-aka-aou%C3%A9l%C3%A9/ar-BB1pbSvH |work=[[Fraternité Matin]] |location=Abidjan|via=MSN|archive-date=10 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710024140/https://www.msn.com/fr-xl/afrique-de-l-ouest/cote-ivoire-actualite/diamala-marie-emmanuelle-sacr%C3%A9e-miss-c%C3%B4te-d-ivoire-2024-une-fiert%C3%A9-pour-le-sud-como%C3%A9-dr-aka-aou%C3%A9l%C3%A9/ar-BB1pbSvH|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CDV /> Miss World Cayman Islands 2024, Latecia Bush, was replaced by her second runner-up, Jada Ramoon.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gallego|first=Shanda|date=2025-04-01|title=Latecia Bush stripped of Miss World Cayman Islands title|url=https://www.caymancompass.com/2025/04/01/latecia-bush-stripped-of-miss-world-cayman-islands-title/|access-date=3 April 2025|work=Cayman Compass|archive-date=1 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401203222/https://www.caymancompass.com/2025/04/01/latecia-bush-stripped-of-miss-world-cayman-islands-title/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Manita Hang]] of Cambodia withdrew for personal reasons,<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 March 2025|title=Cambodian Beauty announces reasons for withdrawal from Miss World 2025 competition |url=
https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501660189/cambodian-beauty-announces-reasons-for-withdrawal-from-miss-world-2025-competition/|access-date=27 March 2025|website=Khmer Times|language=en}}</ref> and replaced by Julia Russell.<ref name=JuliaRussel />

Ariet Sanjarova of Kyrgyzstan withdrew for unspecified reasons and was replaced by Aizhan Chanacheva.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=Сразу 3 девушки стали «Мисс Кыргызстан 2024». |trans-title=Three girls became "Miss Kyrgyzstan 2024" at once. |url=https://culture.akipress.org/news:2138412 |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=ky |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726190734/https://culture.akipress.org/news:2138412/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Kyrgyz /> Albertina Haimbala of Namibia stepped down from the competition for unknown reasons and was replaced by [[Selma Kamanya]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Namibia Organization Announces Top Four Contestants to Represent the Nation Internationally|url=https://namibiadailynews.info/miss-namibia-organization-announces-top-four-contestants-to-represent-the-nation-internationally/|work=Namibia Daily News|language=en|access-date=2023-12-19|archive-date=2023-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812051446/https://namibiadailynews.info/miss-namibia-organization-announces-top-four-contestants-to-represent-the-nation-internationally/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Namibia/> Micaela Nikolalev of Moldova was replaced by Anghelina Chitaica, with no explanation provided.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2024|title=Miss Moldova 2024 è la 19enne Mihaela Nikolaev|trans-title=Miss Moldova 2024 is 19-year-old Mihaela Nikolaev|url=https://www.gazzettaitalomoldova.md/miss-moldova-2024-e-la-19enne-mihaela-nikolaev/|access-date=11 April 2025|website=Gazzetta Ital Moldova|language=Romanian|archive-date=12 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812164058/https://www.gazzettaitalomoldova.md/miss-moldova-2024-e-la-19enne-mihaela-nikolaev/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Moldova />

Kimberly Joseph of Mauritius was replaced by Wenna Rumnah for unspecified reasons.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Mauritius 2023 : le sacre de Kimberley Joseph|trans-title=Miss Mauritius 2023: Kimberley Joseph crowned|url=https://www.lemauricien.com/le-mauricien/miss-mauritius-2023-le-sacre-de-kimberley-joseph/614955/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230111630/https://www.lemauricien.com/le-mauricien/miss-mauritius-2023-le-sacre-de-kimberley-joseph/614955/|archive-date=2023-12-30|access-date=2023-12-30|work=Le Mauricien|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=KIMJOS/> Elvira Yordanova of Bulgaria withdrew from the competition after signing a contract with an organization not affiliated with Miss World Bulgaria, which led to her relinquishing her national title. She was replaced by Teodora Miltenova.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.24chasa.bg/ozhivlenie/article/19111659|title=38-годишната Елена Виан стана "Мис Вселена България", "Мис Свят" - Елвира Георгиева|trans-title=Elena Vian, 38, became "Miss Universe Bulgaria", "Miss World" - Elvira Georgieva|access-date=2025-04-17|last=Parvanova|first=Lily|date=2024-10-24|website=24chasa|language=bg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107131533/https://www.24chasa.bg/ozhivlenie/article/19111659|archive-date=2024-11-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=BGR25/>

In some countries, new representatives were appointed after the reigning titleholders' terms concluded:

Miss Polonia 2024, Maja Klajda, replaced Ewa Jakubiec as Poland's representative after the end of Jakubiec's reign.<ref name=Poland /> Miss World Japan 2024, Kiana Tomita, succeeded Maya Negishi, the 2023 titleholder, who was unable to compete internationally due to the conclusion of her reign.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ミス・ワールド：日本代表に26歳のバレエダンサー、根岸茉矢さん 2021年に審査員特別賞を受賞「応援されるよう精進したい」|trans-title=Miss World: 26-year-old ballet dancer Maya Negishi to represent Japan in 2021, receives special jury award "I want to work hard so that people will support me"|url=https://mainichikirei.jp/article/20231017dog00m100007000c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030181742/https://mainichikirei.jp/article/20231017dog00m100007000c.html |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2023-12-19 |work=Mainichi Kirei|publisher=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|location=Tokyo|language=ja}}</ref><ref name=Japan/>

Ismeli Jarquín, originally crowned Miss World Nicaragua 2024, resigned for undisclosed reasons. She was replaced by her first runner-up, Julia Aguilar, who did not compete.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Perla |first1=Perla |date=10 March 2024 |title=Jinotega se lleva la corona de Miss Mundo Nicaragua 2024 |trans-title=Miss World Nicaragua 2024 is Ismeli Jarquín from Jinotega |url=https://nicaraguaactual.tv/nacionales/93943-miss-mundo-nicaragua-2024-jinotegana-ismeli-jarquin/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Nicaragua Actual |language=es-CR |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318160207/https://nicaraguaactual.tv/nacionales/93943-miss-mundo-nicaragua-2024-jinotegana-ismeli-jarquin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both were replaced by Miss World Nicaragua 2025, Virmania Rodríguez.<ref name=Nicaragua/>

Milla Magee of England withdrew during the competition for ethical concerns,<ref>{{cite news|title=Tiaras and sashes? It's surfboards and CPR for this Miss England|url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/article/miss-england-milla-magee-world-dbgxfmt00|access-date=11 May 2025|date=10 May 2025|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510212816/https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/article/miss-england-milla-magee-world-dbgxfmt00|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Made me feel like a prostitute': Miss World contestant quits pageant, cites ethical concerns |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/telangana/made-me-feel-like-a-prostitute-miss-world-milla-magee-contestant-quits-citing-ethical-concerns-3555980 |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> and was replaced by her first runner-up, [[Charlotte Grant (model)|Charlotte Grant]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Adam Dutton|author2=Shannon Brown|title=Cornwall's Miss England pulls out of Miss World pageant for 'personal reasons'|url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/cornwalls-miss-england-pulls-out-10195091|access-date=20 May 2025|date=19 May 2025|work=Cornwall Live|language=en|archive-date=19 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519193307/https://www.cornwalllive.com/web/20250519193307/https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/cornwalls-miss-england-pulls-out-10195091|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Miss World 2025 'Was Fishing In Spain When I Got The Message': Miss England Runner-Up Charlotte Grant On Replacing Milla Magee|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/from-fishing-in-spain-to-miss-world-2025-in-india-miss-england-runner-up-charlotte-grant-on-cloud-nine-after-unexpected-call-up-enn25052503761|access-date=26 May 2025|date=25 May 2025|work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|language=en|archive-date=26 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526124526/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/from-fishing-in-spain-to-miss-world-2025-in-india-miss-england-runner-up-charlotte-grant-on-cloud-nine-after-unexpected-call-up-enn25052503761|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Returns, and withdrawals ====
This edition saw the returns of Suriname, which last competed in [[Miss World 2012|2012]], North Macedonia (as Macedonia) in [[Miss World 2015|2015]], Latvia and Zambia in [[Miss World 2018|2018]], Kyrgyzstan in [[Miss World 2019|2019]], and Albania, Armenia, and Equatorial Guinea in [[Miss World 2021|2021]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Agubata|first=Damilola|date=15 May 2025|title=Joy Raimi represents Nigeria at the 72nd Miss World pageant|url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/lifestyle/joy-raimi-represents-nigeria-at-the-72nd-miss-world-pageant-2025051512151953877|access-date=20 May 2025|newspaper=[[Pulse Africa|Pulse Nigeria]]|archive-date=15 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515204807/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/lifestyle/joy-raimi-represents-nigeria-at-the-72nd-miss-world-pageant-2025051512151953877|url-status=live}}</ref>

Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Liberia, Macau, Morocco, and Uruguay withdrew from the competition due to their respective national organizations failing to appoint a delegate, organize a national pageant, or retain the Miss World franchise.

Miss Lesotho 2023, Lerato Masila withdrew for undisclosed reasons.<ref>{{cite news|last=Phulane|first=Matṧeliso|date=2023-09-11|title=Masila scoops Miss Lesotho 2023 title|url=https://www.thereporter.co.ls/2023/09/11/masila-scoops-miss-lesotho-2023-title|work=[[The Reporter (newspaper)|The Reporter]]|language=en|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221113049/https://www.thereporter.co.ls/2023/09/11/masila-scoops-miss-lesotho-2023-title |url-status=live}}</ref> Tracy Nabukeera of Tanzania withdrew due to lack of sponsorship,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tracy's inspiring story: From commercial modelling to Miss Tanzania |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/woman/tracy-s-inspiring-story-from-commercial-modelling-to-miss-tanzania-4327136 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824224020/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/woman/tracy-s-inspiring-story-from-commercial-modelling-to-miss-tanzania-4327136 |archive-date=2023-08-24 |access-date=2023-12-19 |work=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite instagram |title=Thank you for all the love and support❤️. |date=14 April 2025 |postid=DIa_jyONaPV |user=tracy.keera |access-date=14 April 2025 |language=english}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2025 |title=Shock Announcement: Miss Tanzania Tracy Nabukeera Sadly Pulls Out of Miss World 2025 |url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2025-04-14-miss-tanzania-steps-down-from-miss-world-competition |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=Mpasho |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415205942/https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2025-04-14-miss-tanzania-steps-down-from-miss-world-competition |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mithika|first=Boniface|date=15 April 2025|title=Tracy Nabukeera: Tanzanian beauty withdraws from Miss World 2025 contest, cites lack of support|url=https://www.tnx.africa/entertainment/article/2001516493/tracy-nabukeera-tanzanian-beauty-withdraws-from-miss-world-2025-contest-cites-lack-of-support|access-date=15 April 2025|website=TNX Africa|language=en|archive-date=18 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418072459/https://www.tnx.africa/entertainment/article/2001516493/tracy-nabukeera-tanzanian-beauty-withdraws-from-miss-world-2025-contest-cites-lack-of-support|url-status=live}}</ref> Daniela Vojtasová of Slovakia cited academic commitments.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Daniela Vojtasová chce búrať predsudky spájané so súťažami krásy|trans-title=Miss Daniela Vojtasová wants to break down prejudices associated with beauty pageants|url=https://myorava.sme.sk/c/23195108/miss-daniela-vojtasova-chce-burat-predsudky-spajane-so-sutazami-krasy.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819174445/https://myorava.sme.sk/c/23195108/miss-daniela-vojtasova-chce-burat-predsudky-spajane-so-sutazami-krasy.html|archive-date=2023-08-19|access-date=2023-12-19|work=SME|language=sk}}</ref> Min Jung of South Korea withdrew due to an injury.<ref>{{cite web|title=Miss World Korea 2025|url=https://www.missworld.com/news/miss-world-korea-2025|work=[[Miss World]]|date=27 March 2025|access-date=29 March 2025|language=en|archive-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329073919/https://www.missworld.com/news/miss-world-korea-2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nguyên|first=Tie|date=17 May 2025|title=Thêm một người đẹp bỏ thi Miss World, Ý Nhi chưa chắc có lợi|trans-title=Another beauty drops out of Miss World, Y Nhi may not benefit|url=https://baomoi.com/them-mot-nguoi-dep-bo-thi-miss-world-y-nhi-chua-chac-co-loi-c52256323.epi|access-date=17 May 2025|website=[[Báo Mới]]|language=vi|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517092551/https://baomoi.com/them-mot-nguoi-dep-bo-thi-miss-world-y-nhi-chua-chac-co-loi-c52256323.epi|url-status=live}}</ref> Fabiola Vindas of Costa Rica withdrew after her national organization lost the Miss World franchise, and instead competed in [[Miss Supranational 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2024 |title=Fabiola Vindas es la nueva Srta. Costa Rica 2024 |trans-title=Fabiola Vindas is the new Miss Costa Rica 2024 |url=https://contactocr.com/concursos-belleza/fabiola-vindas-es-la-nueva-srta-costa-rica-2024/ |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=Contactocr |language=spanish |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318154659/https://contactocr.com/concursos-belleza/fabiola-vindas-es-la-nueva-srta-costa-rica-2024/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nikoline Andresen of Norway withdrew due to scheduling conflicts and instead competed in [[Miss International 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olsen |first=Randi Iren |date=12 August 2024 |title=Aila rakk ikke opp |trans-title=Aila did not reach up |url=https://www.finnmarksposten.no/aila-rakk-ikke-opp/s/5-94-270082 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324112318/https://www.finnmarksposten.no/aila-rakk-ikke-opp/s/5-94-270082 |archive-date=24 March 2025 |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=[[Finnmarksposten]]|language=no}}</ref>

== Results ==
[[File:Miss World 2025 map.png|right|thumb|250px|Miss world 2025 participating countries and territories]]
=== Placements ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Placement !! Contestant
|-
| Miss World 2025
|
* {{flagu|Thailand}} – [[Suchata Chuangsri]]<ref name="multimedia" /><ref name=TOP3MW2025>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2025|title=Hyderabad: Opal Suchata Chuangsri from Thailand crowned Miss World 2025|url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-opal-suchata-chuangsri-from-thailand-crowned-miss-world-2025|access-date=1 June 2025|website=[[Telangana Today]]|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250531180617/https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-opal-suchata-chuangsri-from-thailand-crowned-miss-world-2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1st Runner-Up
|
* {{flagu|Ethiopia}} – [[Hasset Dereje]]<ref name="TOP3MW2025" />
|-
| 2nd Runner-Up
|
* {{flagu|Poland}} – Maja Klajda<ref name="TOP3MW2025" />
|-
| 3rd Runner-Up
|
* {{flagu|Martinique}} – Aurélie Joachim<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
|-
| Top 8<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2025|title=PH's Krishnah Gravidez in Top 8 of 72nd Miss World|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2025/5/31/ph-s-krishnah-gravidez-in-top-8-of-72nd-miss-world-2313|access-date=31 May 2025|website=[[ABS-CBN]]|language=en}}</ref>
|
* {{flagu|Brazil}} – Jéssica Pedroso
* {{flagu|Namibia}} – [[Selma Kamanya]]<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
* {{flagu|Philippines}} – [[Krishnah Gravidez]]
* {{flagu|Ukraine}} – Mariia Melnychenko
|-
| Top 20<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2025|title=Krishnah Gravidez makes it to Top 20 of Miss World 2025|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/947973/krishnah-gravidez-makes-it-to-top-20-of-miss-world-2025/story/|access-date=31 May 2025|website=[[GMA Network]]|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250531145706/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/947973/krishnah-gravidez-makes-it-to-top-20-of-miss-world-2025/story/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* {{flagu|Argentina}} – Guadalupe Alomar
* {{flagu|Australia}} – Jasmine Stringer
* {{flagu|Cameroon}} – Issié Princesse<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|India}} – [[Nandini Gupta]]<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|Ireland}} – Jasmine Gerhardt<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|Italy}} – Chiara Esposito<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|Lebanon}} – [[Nada Koussa]]
* {{flagu|Nigeria}} – Joy Raimi
* {{flagu|Puerto Rico}} – Valeria Pérez<ref name="BWAP" />
* {{flagu|Tunisia}} – Lamis Redissi
* {{flagu|United States}} – Athenna Crosby
* {{flagu|Wales}} – Millie-Mae Adams<ref name="TOP4H2HC" /><ref name="BWAP" />
|-
| Top 40<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2025|title=Krishnah Gravidez enters Top 40 of Miss World 2025|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/947972/krishnah-gravidez-enters-top-40-of-miss-world-2025/story/|access-date=31 May 2025|website=[[GMA Network]]|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250531144058/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/947972/krishnah-gravidez-enters-top-40-of-miss-world-2025/story/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* {{flagu|Belgium}} – Karen Jansen
* {{flagu|Botswana}} – Anicia Gaothusi
* {{flagu|Dominican Republic}} – Mayra Delgado<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|Estonia}} – Eliise Randmaa<ref name="TOP4SPC" />
* {{flagu|Haiti}} – Christee Guirand
* {{flagu|Indonesia}} – Monica Kezia Sembiring<ref name="TOP3TLC" /><ref name="BWAP" />
* {{flagu|Jamaica}} – Tahje Bennett
* {{flagu|Malaysia}} – [[Saroop Roshi]]
* {{flagu|Montenegro}} – Andrea Nikolić<ref name="multimedia" />
* {{flagu|New Zealand}} – Samantha Poole
* {{flagu|Northern Ireland}} – Hannah Johns
* {{flagu|Panama}} – Karol Rodríguez
* {{flagu|Serbia}} – Aleksandra Rutović
* {{flagu|Somalia}} – Zainab Jama
* {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Anna-Lise Nanton<ref name="TOP4H2HC" />
* {{flagu|Turkey}} – İdil Bilgen<ref name="TOP4H2HC" />
* {{flagu|Uganda}} – Natasha Nyonyozi<ref name="BWAP" />
* {{flagu|Vietnam}} – [[Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi|Ý Nhi Huỳnh]]
* {{flagu|Zambia}} – Faith Bwalya<ref name="TOP4H2HC" />
* {{flagu|Zimbabwe}} – Courtney Jongwe
|}

==== Continental Queens of Beauty ====
The final pageant announced the Top 8 finalists composed of four continental winners and four first runners-up. The first runner-up from the new titleholder's continent was promoted to continental winner. After the finals concluded, the pageant awarded separately the titles for Caribbean and Oceania regions.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 announces official pageant format|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/946527/miss-world-2025-pageant-format/story/#goog_rewarded|access-date=18 May 2025|website=[[GMA Network]]|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518131658/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/946527/miss-world-2025-pageant-format/story/#goog_rewarded|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Continent/Region !! Contestant
|-
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Ethiopia}} – [[Hasset Dereje]]<ref name="CONTINENTQUEEN" />
|-
| Americas
|
* {{flagu|Brazil}} – Jéssica Pedroso
|-
| Asia
|
* {{flagu|Philippines}} – [[Krishnah Gravidez]]<ref name=CONTINENTQUEEN>{{Cite news|last=Llemit|first=Kathleen A.|date=1 June 2025|title=Philippines' Krishnah Gravidez named Miss World Asia 2025|url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2025/06/01/2447449/philippines-krishnah-gravidez-named-miss-world-asia-2025|access-date=1 June 2025|website=[[Philstar]]|language=en|archive-date=1 June 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250601110010/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2025/06/01/2447449/philippines-krishnah-gravidez-named-miss-world-asia-2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Martinique}} – Aurélie Joachim<ref name="CONTINENTQUEEN" />
|-
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Poland}} – Maja Klajda<ref name="CONTINENTQUEEN" />
|-
| Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Australia}} – Jasmine Stringer<ref name="CONTINENTQUEEN" />
|}

==== Special award ====
The [[Miss World|Miss World Organization]] has announced that actor and founder of the Sood Charity Foundation, [[Sonu Sood]], will be presented with the prestigious Humanitarian Award at the Grand Finale.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 May 2025|title= Sonu Sood to be honoured with Humanitarian Award at 72nd Miss World Festival for his philanthropic services during Covid|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-sood-to-be-honoured-with-humanitarian-award-at-72nd-miss-world-festival-for-his-philanthropic-services-during-covid-101746541186451.html |access-date=23 May 2025|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|archive-date=8 May 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250508083323/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-sood-to-be-honoured-with-humanitarian-award-at-72nd-miss-world-festival-for-his-philanthropic-services-during-covid-101746541186451.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Award !! Recipient
|-
| Humanitarian Award
|
* [[Sonu Sood]]
|}

== Pageant ==
=== Format ===
Miss World uses a continent-based format. Ten contestants from each of the four regions—Africa, the Americas and the Caribbean, Asia and Oceania, and Europe—advance to the Top 40, including Fast Track winners who qualify automatically. Judges then select a Top 5 from each region, forming a Top 20, which is further narrowed to a Top 2 per region. The four regional winners become the overall Top 4 finalists. One of them is crowned Miss World, while the others are named first, second, and third runners-up.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phương |first=Hoài |date=17 May 2025 |title=Miss World 2025 công bố luật chơi mới, có đến 3 á hậu |trans-title=Miss World 2025 announced new rules, with up to 3 runners-up |url=https://tuoitre.vn/miss-world-2025-cong-bo-luat-choi-moi-co-den-3-a-hau-20250517200901383.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517170836/https://tuoitre.vn/miss-world-2025-cong-bo-luat-choi-moi-co-den-3-a-hau-20250517200901383.htm |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=[[Tuổi Trẻ|Báo Tuổi Trẻ]] |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=17 May 2025 |title=PH's Krishnah Gravidez in Top 32 of Miss World 2025 Sports Challenge |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/610850/phs-krishnah-gravidez-in-top-32-of-miss-world-2025-sports-challenge |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517061600/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/610850/phs-krishnah-gravidez-in-top-32-of-miss-world-2025-sports-challenge |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer|Entertainment Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Selection committee ===
* Donna Walsh — Official stage director for 72nd Miss World<ref name="TOP3MW2025" />
* Dr. [[Carina Tyrrell]] — Public health physician, philanthropist, investor, Fellow at the [[University of Cambridge]], and [[Miss England]] 2014<ref name="GYMA" />
* [[Julia Morley]] — Chairman and CEO of [[Miss World|Miss World Organization]]<ref name=AP7AMJ>{{Cite news|date=31 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 Finals Shine in Hyderabad with Celebrity Glamour|url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/102000/miss-world-2025-finals-shine-in-hyderabad-with-celebrity-glamour|access-date=31 May 2025|website=AP7AM|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531151208/https://www.ap7am.com/en/102000/miss-world-2025-finals-shine-in-hyderabad-with-celebrity-glamour|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Manushi Chhillar]] — Indian actress, model, and [[Miss World 2017]] from India<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 May 2025|title=Everything Ready for Miss World 2025 Finale; Special Award for Sonu Sood|url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/101890/everything-ready-for-miss-world-2025-finale-special-award-for-sonu-sood|access-date=30 May 2025|website=AP7AM|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530145648/https://www.ap7am.com/en/101890/everything-ready-for-miss-world-2025-finale-special-award-for-sonu-sood|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Namrata Shirodkar]] — Indian actress<ref name="AP7AMJ" />
* [[Rana Daggubati]] — Indian actor, producer and entrepreneur<ref name="AP7AMJ" />
* Shri Jayesh Ranjan Ias — Special Indian chief secretary government of [[Telangana]]<ref name="TOP3MW2025" />
* [[Sonu Sood]] — Indian actor, film producer, model, humanitarian, and philanthropist<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar Singh|first=Siddharth|date=7 May 2025|title=It is about changing lives, not just glamour: Sonu Sood on being a judge for Miss World 2025|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/it-is-about-changing-lives-not-just-glamour-sonu-sood-on-being-a-judge-for-miss-world-2025/article69549283.ece|access-date=14 May 2025|website=[[The Hindu]]|language=en|archive-date=8 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508164725/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/it-is-about-changing-lives-not-just-glamour-sonu-sood-on-being-a-judge-for-miss-world-2025/article69549283.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sudha Reddy]] — Indian businesswoman, entrepreneur, and philanthropist<ref name="GYMA" />

== Challenge events ==
=== Sports challenge ===
The Sports challenge, Finale took place at [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|Gachibowli Stadium]] on 17 May, where all the contestants competed for a place among this year's quarter-finalists, and a spot in the Top 10 of the winner's continental region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/fun-and-frolic-mark-sports-day-meant-for-miss-world-contestants-101747469332356.html|title=Fun and frolic mark sports day meant for Miss World contestants|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=17 May 2025|access-date=17 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517084814/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/fun-and-frolic-mark-sports-day-meant-for-miss-world-contestants-101747469332356.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite instagram|title=This Saturday, 17 May, the stage is set at the Gachibowli Stadium for the Sports Challenge Fast-Track Event where the 108 Miss World participants will compete fiercely for a place among this year's quarter-finalists and a spot in the Top 10 of the winner's continental region|date=17 May 2025|postid=DJui_nAsEPB|user=missworld|access-date=17 April 2025|language=en}}</ref>

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Sports challenge.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Placement !! style="width:80px;"|Continent/Team !! Contestant
|- style="background:gold;"
| Winner
| Europe (Blue Team)
|
* {{flagu|Estonia}} – Eliise Randmaa<ref name=SPC>{{cite news|url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vietnam-s-y-nhi-misses-out-as-software-engineer-wins-miss-world-sports-round-2402254.html|title=Vietnam's Y Nhi misses out as software engineer wins Miss World sports round|website=[[VietNamNet]]|date=17 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517172740/https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vietnam-s-y-nhi-misses-out-as-software-engineer-wins-miss-world-sports-round-2402254.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2nd place
| rowspan=3 | Americas and Caribbean (Green Team)
|
* {{flagu|Martinique}} – Aurélie Joachim<ref name="SPC" />
|-
| 3rd place
|
* {{flagu|Canada}} – Emma Morrison<ref name="SPC" />
|-
| 4th place
|
* {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Anna-Lise Nanton<ref name=TOP4SPC>{{cite news|last=Kumar Singh|first=Siddharth|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/miss-estonia-bags-gold-at-miss-world-2025-sports-challenge-in-hyderabad/article69586920.ece|title=Miss Estonia bags gold at Miss World 2025 sports challenge in Hyderabad|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517172129/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/miss-estonia-bags-gold-at-miss-world-2025-sports-challenge-in-hyderabad/article69586920.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 32<ref>{{cite news|last=Fernando|first=Jefferson|url=https://tribune.net.ph/2025/05/17/top-32-announced-for-miss-world-sports-challenge-at-72nd-festival|title=Top 32 announced for Miss World Sports Challenge at 72nd Festival|website=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]]|date=17 May 2025|access-date=17 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517060333/https://tribune.net.ph/2025/05/17/top-32-announced-for-miss-world-sports-challenge-at-72nd-festival|url-status=live}}</ref> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa (Yellow Team)
|
* {{flagu|Angola}} – Núria Assis
* {{flagu|Botswana}} – Anicia Gaothusi
* {{flagu|Ethiopia}} – [[Hasset Dereje]]
* {{flagu|Kenya}} – Grace Ramtu
* {{flagu|Namibia}} – [[Selma Kamanya]]
* {{flagu|Nigeria}} – Joy Raimi
* {{flagu|Somalia}} – Zainab Jama
* {{flagu|Zimbabwe}} – Courtney Jongwe
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean (Green Team)
|
* {{flagu|Curaçao}} – Shubrainy Dams
* {{flagu|El Salvador}} – Sofía Estupinián
* {{flagu|Guatemala}} – Jeimy Escobedo
* {{flagu|Mexico}} – Maryely Leal
* {{flagu|Nicaragua}} – Virmania Rodríguez
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania (Red Team)
|
* {{flagu|Australia}} – Jasmine Stringer
* {{flagu|Indonesia}} – Monica Kezia Sembiring
* {{flagu|Japan}} – Kiana Tomita
* {{flagu|Mongolia}} – Erdenesuvd Batbayar
* {{flagu|New Zealand}} – Samantha Poole
* {{flagu|Philippines}} – [[Krishnah Gravidez]]
* {{flagu|Singapore}} – Delvina Katerina Luther
* {{flagu|Turkey}} – İdil Bilgen
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe (Blue Team)
|
* {{flagu|Belgium}} – Karen Jansen
* {{flagu|Bulgaria}} – Teodora Miltenova
* {{flagu|France}} – Agathe Cauet
* {{flagu|Ireland}} – Jasmine Gerhardt
* {{flagu|Netherlands}} – Jane Knoetser
* {{flagu|Northern Ireland}} – Hannah Johns
* {{flagu|Slovenia}} – Alida Tomanič
|}

=== Talent challenge ===
In the talent challenge, continental qualifier contestants showcased their skills in music, dance, and art.<ref name=TIE90525>{{Cite news|date=9 May 2025|title=Miss World Pageant 2025: Over 100 contestants reach Hyderabad; opening ceremony to be held at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium on May 10|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/miss-world-pageant-2025-over-100-contestants-reach-hyderabad-opening-ceremony-to-be-held-at-gachibowli-indoor-stadium-on-may-10-9991669/|access-date=13 May 2025|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=21 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521104415/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/946900/krishnah-gravidez-makes-it-to-top-24-of-miss-world-2025-s-talent-competition/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> The finalists returned to the Talent Challenge in [[Shilpakala Vedika]] on 22 May. The winner of the segment was advanced to the overall Top 10 in her respective continental group.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 Talent Challenge: Sri Lanka's Anudi Gunasekara among top 24|url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108731|access-date=21 May 2025|website=[[Ada Derana]]|language=en|archive-date=21 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521123931/https://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108731|url-status=live}}</ref>

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Talent challenge.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" |Placement !! Candidate
|- style="background:gold;"
| colspan="2" | Winner
|
* {{flagu|Indonesia}} – Monica Kezia Sembiring<ref name=TOP3TLC>{{cite news|last=Kumar Singh|first=Siddharth|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/miss-indonesia-monica-kezia-sembiring-wins-talent-finale-at-miss-world-2025-in-hyderabad/article69607605.ece|title=Miss Indonesia Monica Kezia Sembiring wins talent finale at Miss World 2025 in Hyderabad|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 May 2025|access-date=23 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=22 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522175703/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/miss-indonesia-monica-kezia-sembiring-wins-talent-finale-at-miss-world-2025-in-hyderabad/article69607605.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" | 2nd place
|
* {{flagu|Cameroon}} – Princesse Issié<ref name="TOP3TLC" />
|-
| colspan="2" | 3rd place
|
* {{flagu|Italy}} – Chiara Esposito<ref name="TOP3TLC" />
|-
| colspan="2" |Top 24<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/946900/krishnah-gravidez-makes-it-to-top-24-of-miss-world-2025-s-talent-competition/story/|title=Krishnah Gravidez makes it to Top 24 of Miss World 2025's talent competition|website=[[GMA Network|GMA News Online]]|date=21 May 2025|access-date=21 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520150806/https://munsifdaily.com/miss-world-continental-finale-kicks-off/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* {{flagu|Argentina}} – Guadalupe Alomar<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Australia}} – Jasmine Stringer<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Brazil}} – Jéssica Pedroso<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Cayman Islands}} – Jada Ramoon<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Czech Republic}} – Adéla Štroffeková<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Estonia}} – Eliise Randmaa<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Ethiopia}} – [[Hasset Dereje]]<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Germany}} – Silvia Dörre Sánchez<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|India}} – [[Nandini Gupta]]<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Ireland}} – Jasmine Gerhardt<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Jamaica}} – Tahje Bennett<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Kenya}} – Grace Ramtu<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Malta}} – Martine Cutajar<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Netherlands}} – Jane Knoester<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Nigeria}} – Joy Raimi<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Philippines}} – [[Krishnah Gravidez]]<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Sri Lanka}} – [[Anudi Gunasekara]]<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Anna-Lise Nanton<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|United States}} – Athenna Crosby<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Wales}} – Millie-Mae Adams<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 48<ref>{{cite news|last=Devi|first=Uma|url=https://munsifdaily.com/miss-world-continental-finale-kicks-off/|title=Miss World Continental Finale Kicks Off Today|website=[[The Munsif Daily]]|date=20 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520150806/https://munsifdaily.com/miss-world-continental-finale-kicks-off/|url-status=live}}</ref> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Angola}} – Núria Assis<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Botswana}} – Anicia Gaothusi<ref name=TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI>{{cite news|url=https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/gaothusi-advances-in-multiple-miss-world-2025-categories/news|title=Gaothusi advances in multiple Miss World 2025 Categories|website=[[Mmegi]]|date=20 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520142232/https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/gaothusi-advances-in-multiple-miss-world-2025-categories/news|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Equatorial Guinea}} – Estela Nguema Mangue<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Tunisia}} – Lamis Redissi<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
* {{flagu|Zambia}} – Faith Bwalya<ref name="TOP48TLCAFRICAMMEGI" />
|-
| Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Martinique}} – Aurélie Joachim<ref name=TOP48TLCAM&EU>{{cite news|last=Eaty|first=Neelima|url=https://hyderabadmail.com/miss-world-2025-head-to-head-hyderabad/|title=Miss World 2025 Head to Head Challenge begins at T-Hub in Hyderabad|website=Hyderabad Mail|date=20 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520152226/https://hyderabadmail.com/miss-world-2025-head-to-head-hyderabad/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Paraguay}} – Yanina Gómez<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Puerto Rico}} – Valeria Pérez<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Suriname}} – Chenella Rozendaal<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
|-
| Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Armenia}} – Adrine Achemyan<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Bangladesh}} – Aklima Atika Konika<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Cambodia}} – Julia Russell<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|China}} – Wanting Liu<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Kazakhstan}} – Sabina Idrissova<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Malaysia}} – [[Saroop Roshi]]<ref name=TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN>{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2025/5/19/-ph-s-krishnah-gravidez-advances-to-quarterfinals-of-miss-world-talent-competition-1505|title=PH's Krishnah Gravidez advances to quarterfinals of Miss World talent competition|website=[[ABS-CBN]]|date=19 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=19 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519094207/https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2025/5/19/-ph-s-krishnah-gravidez-advances-to-quarterfinals-of-miss-world-talent-competition-1505|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Myanmar}} – Khisa Khin<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
* {{flagu|Vietnam}} – [[Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi|Ý Nhi Huỳnh]]<ref name="TOP48TLCASIAABSCBN" />
|-
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Gibraltar}} – Shania Ballester<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Greece}} – Stella Michailidou<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Latvia}} – Marija Mišurova<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Moldova}} – Anghelina Chitaica<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Montenegro}} – Andrea Nikolić<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.vijesti.me/fun/showbiz/759073/through-verses-inspired-by-him--she-showed-her-talent|title=She showed her talent through verses inspired by Njegoš.|website=[[Vijesti]]|date=19 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=19 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519095152/https://en.vijesti.me/fun/showbiz/759073/through-verses-inspired-by-him--she-showed-her-talent|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Poland}} – Maja Klajda<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Serbia}} – Aleksandra Rutović<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
* {{flagu|Slovenia}} – Alida Tomanič<ref name="TOP48TLCAM&EU" />
|}

=== Head-to-head challenge ===
Presentations began on 20 May; all delegates introduced themselves during one-on-one discussions on global issues as part of the Head-to-Head Challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-pQTlQyVRM|title=Head 2 Head Presentations - Americas & Caribbean And Africa|website=[[Miss World]]|via=YouTube|date=20 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/live/LnlXJhi7-dg?si=54aYaEioUtMiPG1K|title=Head 2 Head Presentations - Continental final Europe , Asia & Oceania|website=[[Miss World]]|via=YouTube|date=21 May 2025|access-date=21 May 2025|language=en}}</ref> This event showcased the participants' intellectual abilities, confidence, and communication skills. The shortlisted delegates competed in the final round, which was held on 23 May at the [[Trident Hotel, Nariman Point|Hotel Trident]].<ref name=TIE90525/><ref>{{cite news|last=Keval|first=Varun|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/miss-world-2025-head-to-head-challenge-begins-at-t-hub-972677|title=Miss World 2025 Head-to-Head Challenge Begins at T-Hub|website=[[The Hans India]]|date=20 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Head-to-Head challenge.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Placement !! style="width:80px;"|Continent !! Contestant
|- style="background:gold;"
| rowspan=4 | Winners<ref name=TOP4H2HC>{{cite news|last=Keval|first=Varun|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/miss-world-2025-head-to-head-challenge-finale-four-finalists-advance-to-top-10-in-their-respective-continents-973539|title=Miss World 2025 Head-to-Head Challenge Finale: Four Finalists Advance to Top 10 in their respective continents|website=[[The Hans India]]|date=23 May 2025|access-date=23 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523081641/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/miss-world-2025-head-to-head-challenge-finale-four-finalists-advance-to-top-10-in-their-respective-continents-973539|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Zambia}} – Faith Bwalya
|- style="background:gold;"
| Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Anna-Lise Nanton
|- style="background:gold;"
| Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Turkey}} – İdil Bilgen
|- style="background:gold;"
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Wales}} – Millie-Mae Adams
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 8
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|Namibia}} – [[Selma Kamanya]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Brazil}} – Jéssica Pedroso
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Thailand}} – [[Suchata Chuangsri]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|Ireland}} – Jasmine Gerhardt
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 20<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/miss-world-2025-20-contestants-earn-spot-at-head-2-head-challenge-round-finals-at-beauty-pageant-in-hyderabad/|title=Miss World 2025: Top 20 contestants earn spot at Head 2 Head Challenge round finals at beauty pageant in Hyderabad|website=[[Lokmat Times]]|date=23 May 2025|access-date=23 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=23 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523082501/https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/miss-world-2025-20-contestants-earn-spot-at-head-2-head-challenge-round-finals-at-beauty-pageant-in-hyderabad/|url-status=live}}</ref> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|Somalia}} – Zainab Jama
* {{flagu|South Africa}} – [[Zoalize Jansen van Rensburg]]
* {{flagu|Uganda}} – Natasha Nyonyozi
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Cayman Islands}} – Jada Ramoon
* {{flagu|Guyana}} – Zalika Samuels
* {{flagu|Suriname}} – Chenella Rozendaal
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Japan}} – Kiana Tomita
* {{flagu|Lebanon}} – [[Nada Koussa]]
* {{flagu|Sri Lanka}} – [[Anudi Gunasekara]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|France}} – Agathe Cauet
* {{flagu|Germany}} – Silvia Dörre Sánchez
* {{flagu|Spain}} – Corina Mrazek
|}

=== Top Model challenge ===
The Miss World top model challenge was held on 24 May.<ref name=TIE90525/>

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Top model challenge.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Placement !! style="width:80px;"|Continent !! Contestant
|- style="background:gold;"
| rowspan=4 | Winners<ref name=TOPMODEL>{{cite news|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/05/miss-namibia-selma-kamanya-world-top-model/|title=BEAUTYNamibia's Selma Kamanya Wins Continental Title & Takes Her Place in Miss World Quarterfinals|website=[[BellaNaija]]|date=24 May 2025|access-date=25 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=24 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524202651/https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/05/miss-namibia-selma-kamanya-world-top-model/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Namibia}} – [[Selma Kamanya]]
|- style="background:gold;"
| Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Martinique}} – Aurélie Joachim
|- style="background:gold;"
| Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|India}} – [[Nandini Gupta]]
|- style="background:gold;"
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Ireland}} – Jasmine Gerhardt
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 8<ref name="TOPMODEL" /> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|Côte d'Ivoire}} – Fatoumata Coulibaly
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Venezuela}} – [[Valeria Cannavò]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|New Zealand}} – Samantha Poole
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|Belgium}} – Karen Jansen
|}

==== Best Designer Dress ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Continent !! Contestant
|-
| Africa ||
* {{flagu|South Africa}} – [[Zoalize Jansen van Rensburg]]<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
|-
| Americas and Caribbean ||
* {{flagu|Puerto Rico}} – Valeria Pérez<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
|-
| Asia and Oceania ||
* {{flagu|New Zealand}} – Samantha Poole<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
|-
| Europe ||
* {{flagu|Ukraine}} – Mariia Melnychenko<ref name="TOPMODEL" />
|}

=== Beauty With a Purpose ===
On 26 May, the Beauty with Purpose presentations at [[HITEC City#HITEX Exhibition Centre|HITEX Exhibition Centre]] spotlighted social service projects led by contestants.<ref name=TIE90525/>

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Beauty With a Purpose.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Placement !! style="width:80px;"|Continent !! Contestant
|- style="background:gold;"
| Winner{{cn|date=June 2025}}
| Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Indonesia}} – Monica Kezia Sembiring
|- style="background:gold;"
| rowspan="3" |Top 4<ref name=BWAP>{{cite news|last=Keval|first=Varun|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/miss-world-2025-celebrates-beauty-with-a-purpose-gala-in-hyderabad-974600|title=Miss World 2025 Celebrates Beauty With a Purpose Gala in Hyderabad|website=[[The Hans India]]|date=27 May 2025|access-date=27 May 2025|language=en}}</ref> ''(Continental Winners)''
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Uganda}} – Natasha Nyonyozi
|- style="background:gold;"
| Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Puerto Rico}} – Valeria Pérez
|- style="background:gold;"
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Wales}} – Millie-Mae Adams
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 8<ref name="BWAP" /> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|Sierra Leone}} – Lachaeveh Davies
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Paraguay}} – Yanina Gómez
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Vietnam}} – [[Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi|Ý Nhi Huỳnh]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|Spain}} – Corina Mrazek
|}

=== Multimedia challenge ===
The Multimedia Challenge highlights contestants as effective digital communicators. Each year, contestants are chosen based on their social media activity, reach, and influence. Selected for their creativity, consistency, and positive messaging, they use platforms like Instagram, the Miss World app, and national Facebook pages to share their journeys, amplify meaningful causes, and connect with global audiences.

* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Advanced to the Top 40 via Multimedia.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Placement
!style="width:80px;"|Continent
!Contestant
|- style="background:gold;"
| rowspan=4 | Winners<ref name=multimedia>{{cite news|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/miss-world-2025-heats-up-as-multimedia-challenge-winners-earn-spot-in-top-40-enn25052901652|title=Miss World 2025 Heats Up As Multimedia Challenge Winners Earn Spot In Top 40|website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|date=29 May 2025|access-date=29 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=29 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529130845/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/miss-world-2025-heats-up-as-multimedia-challenge-winners-earn-spot-in-top-40-enn25052901652 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| Africa
|
* {{flagu|Cameroon}} – Princesse Issié
|- style="background:gold;"
| Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Dominican Republic}} – Mayra Delgado
|- style="background:gold;"
| Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Thailand}} – [[Suchata Chuangsri]]
|- style="background:gold;"
| Europe
|
* {{flagu|Montenegro}} – Andrea Nikolić
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 8 (''Runners-Up'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|South Africa}} – [[Zoalize Jansen van Rensburg]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Brazil}} – Jéssica Pedroso
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|Sri Lanka}} – [[Anudi Gunasekara]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|Northern Ireland}} – Hannah Johns
|-
| rowspan="4" | Top 20<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108967|title=Sri Lanka's Anudi among top 20 finalists in Miss World Multimedia Challenge|website=[[Ada Derana]]|date=28 May 2025|access-date=28 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=28 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528164414/https://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108967|url-status=live}}</ref> (''Continental Qualifiers'')
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Africa
|
* {{flagu|Namibia}} – [[Selma Kamanya]]
* {{flagu|Uganda}} – Natasha Nyonyozi
* {{flagu|Zimbabwe}} – Courtney Jongwe
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Americas and Caribbean
|
* {{flagu|Canada}} – Emma Morrison
* {{flagu|Mexico}} – Maryely Leal
* {{flagu|Venezuela}} – [[Valeria Cannavò]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Asia and Oceania
|
* {{flagu|New Zealand}} – Samantha Poole
* {{flagu|Philippines}} – [[Krishnah Gravidez]]
* {{flagu|Vietnam}} – [[Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi|Ý Nhi Huỳnh]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | Europe
|
* {{flagu|France}} – Agathe Cauet
* {{flagu|Greece}} – Stella Michailidou
* {{flagu|Poland}} – Maja Klajda
|}

== Contestants ==
108 contestants competed for the title.<ref name=107MW2025>{{Cite news|date=20 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 Head-to-Head challenge kicks off at T-Hub|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2025/20/468970/|access-date=20 May 2025|website=[[Online Khabar|Khabarhub]]|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520143234/https://english.khabarhub.com/2025/20/468970/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2025}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Country/Territory !! Contestant !! Age{{efn|name=A|Ages at the time of the pageant}} !! Hometown !! Continental Group
|-
| {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Miss Universe Albania|Albania]] || {{sortname|Elona|Ndrecaj|nolink=1}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=4 March 2024|title=What happened? The participation of Albania's representative in Miss World 2024 is postponed by one year|url=https://sot.com.al/lifestyle/fare-ndodhi-shtyhet-me-nje-vit-pjesemarrja-e-perfaqesueses-se-shqiperi-i648232|access-date=9 June 2024|website=[[Gazeta Sot]]|language=en|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604100757/https://sot.com.al/lifestyle/fare-ndodhi-shtyhet-me-nje-vit-pjesemarrja-e-perfaqesueses-se-shqiperi-i648232|url-status=live}}</ref>|| 25 || [[Tirana]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|AGO}} [[Miss Angola|Angola]] ||{{sortname|Núria|Assis|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2025|title=Filha do músico Eddy Tussa é a representante de Angola no concurso Miss Mundo|trans-title= Daughter of musician Eddy Tussa is Angola's representative in the Miss World contest|url=https://www.opais.ao/sociedade/filha-do-musico-eddy-tussa-e-a-representante-de-angola-no-concurso-miss-mundo/|access-date=26 April 2025|work=O Pais|language=pt|archive-date=25 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425190018/https://www.opais.ao/sociedade/filha-do-musico-eddy-tussa-e-a-representante-de-angola-no-concurso-miss-mundo/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 30 || [[Luanda]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Belleza Argentina|Argentina]] || {{sortname|Guadalupe|Alomar|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Miss Word Argentina: Celeste Richter terminó cuarta y Santa Fe coronó a su reina|trans-title=Miss World Argentina: Celeste Richter finished fourth and Santa Fe crowned its queen|url=https://diariondi.com/miss-universo-argentina-celeste-richter-termino-4-y-santa-fe-corono-a-su-reina/|access-date=9 December 2024|date=9 December 2024|work=[[El Diario (Argentina)|Diario]]|language=es|archive-date=9 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209083701/https://diariondi.com/miss-universo-argentina-celeste-richter-termino-4-y-santa-fe-corono-a-su-reina/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Rosario]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Miss Armenia|Armenia]] || {{sortname|Adrine|Achemyan|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 April 2025|title=Գեղեցկուհին պետք է լինի նաեւ տաղանդավոր. «Միսս աշխարհ-2025» -ի Հայաստանի մասնակից|trans-title=A beauty must also be talented: Armenia's participant in "Miss World-2025"|url=https://www.aravot.am/2025/04/29/1484666/|access-date=1 May 2025|work=[[Aravot|Aravot Armenia]]|language=Armenian|archive-date=30 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430024524/https://www.aravot.am/2025/04/29/1484666/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 19 || [[Yerevan]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Miss World Australia|Australia]] || {{sortname|Jasmine|Stringer|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gold Coast teacher crowned Miss World Australia 2023 |url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/gold-coast-teacher-jasmine-stringer-crowned-miss-world-australia-2023/news-story/7ed9efa0ad2e1af0f98c1025a5afe67e|work=[[The Courier-Mail]]|language=en|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=19 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819073656/https://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/gold-coast-teacher-jasmine-stringer-crowned-miss-world-australia-2023/news-story/7ed9efa0ad2e1af0f98c1025a5afe67e|url-status=live}}</ref> || 27 || [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|BGD}} [[Miss World Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] || {{sortname|Aklima Atika|Konika|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Azra Mahmood secures Miss World Bangladesh 2025 license|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/life-living/fashion-beauty/news/azra-mahmood-secures-miss-world-bangladesh-2025-license-3888986|access-date=8 May 2025|date=7 May 2025|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|language=en|archive-date=8 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508072503/https://www.thedailystar.net/life-living/fashion-beauty/news/azra-mahmood-secures-miss-world-bangladesh-2025-license-3888986|url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 || [[Dhaka]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Miss Belgium|Belgium]] || {{sortname|Karen|Jansen|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 February 2025|title=Qui est Karen Jansen, Miss Belgique 2025 ? (photo)|trans-title=Who is Karen Jansen, Miss Belgium 2025? (photo)|url=https://soirmag.lesoir.be/655708/article/2025-02-16/qui-est-karen-jansen-miss-belgique-2025-photo|access-date=21 March 2025|website=[[Le Soir (magazine)|Le Soir]]|language=fr|archive-date=16 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216144725/https://soirmag.lesoir.be/655708/article/2025-02-16/qui-est-karen-jansen-miss-belgique-2025-photo|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Lommel]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|BLZ}} [[Miss World Belize|Belize]] || {{sortname|Shayari|Morataya|nolink=1}}<ref name=Belize>{{Cite news|date=21 May 2025|title=Miss World 2025 Participants Take 'Head To Head Challenge' At Hyderabad's T-Hub|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/miss-world-2025-participants-take-head-to-head-challenge-at-hyderabads-t-hub-enn25052105113
|website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|access-date=21 May 2025|language=en|archive-date=21 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521142639/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/miss-world-2025-participants-take-head-to-head-challenge-at-hyderabads-t-hub-enn25052105113|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Belize City]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|BOL}} [[Miss Bolivia|Bolivia]] || {{sortname|Olga|Chávez|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Verduguez|first=Alejandra|date=29 June 2024|title=La cruceña Olga Chávez es la nueva Miss Bolivia Mundo 2024 |trans-title=Olga Chávez from Santa Cruz is the new Miss Bolivia World 2024|url=https://www.reduno.com.bo/tendencias/la-crucena-olga-chavez-es-la-nueva-miss-bolivia-mundo-2024-2024629223627|access-date=30 June 2024|website=[[Red Uno Santa Cruz|Red Uno]]|language=es|archive-date=30 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630112414/https://www.reduno.com.bo/tendencias/la-crucena-olga-chavez-es-la-nueva-miss-bolivia-mundo-2024-2024629223627|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|BIH}} [[Miss Bosne i Hercegovine|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || {{sortname|Ena|Adrović|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 April 2025|title=Nova Miss BiH je Ena Adrović iz Živinica|trans-title=The new Miss BiH is Ena Adrović from Živinice|url=https://tuzlanski.ba/lifestyle/moda-i-ljepota/nova-miss-bih-je-ena-adrovic-iz-zivinica/990273|access-date=14 April 2025|website=[[Tuzla]]|language=hr|archive-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417082909/https://tuzlanski.ba/lifestyle/moda-i-ljepota/nova-miss-bih-je-ena-adrovic-iz-zivinica/990273|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Živinice]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|BWA}} [[Miss Botswana|Botswana]] || {{sortname|Anicia|Gaothusi|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 March 2024|title=Gaothusi: A Beacon of Hope for Botswana |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/gaothusi-a-beacon-of-hope-for-botswana/news|access-date=8 May 2024|work=[[Mmegi]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423045844/https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/gaothusi-a-beacon-of-hope-for-botswana/news|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Tutume]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Miss Brazil World|Brazil]] || {{sortname|Jéssica|Pedroso|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 September 2024|title=Saiba quem é Jéssica Pedroso, vencedora do Miss Brasil Mundo 2024|trans-title=Find out who Jéssica Pedroso is, winner of Miss Brazil World 2024|url=https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/entretenimento/zoeira/saiba-quem-e-jessica-pedroso-vencedora-do-miss-brasil-mundo-2024-1.3553885|access-date=17 April 2025|website=[[Diário do Nordeste]]|language=Portuguese|archive-date=5 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905013544/https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/entretenimento/zoeira/saiba-quem-e-jessica-pedroso-vencedora-do-miss-brasil-mundo-2024-1.3553885|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Piracicaba]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|BGR}} [[Miss World Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] ||{{sortname|Teodora|Miltenova|nolink=1}}<ref name=BGR25>{{Cite news|date=30 April 2025|title=Експерт по киберсигурност и танцьорка стана "Мис Свят България" 2025 (СНИМКИ)|trans-title=Cybersecurity expert and dancer becomes "Miss World Bulgaria 2025" (PHOTOS)|url=https://www.actualno.com/showbusiness/ekspert-po-kibersigurnost-i-tanciorka-stana-mis-svjat-bylgarija-2025-snimki-news_2440480.html|access-date=1 May 2025|work=Actualno|language=Bulgarian|archive-date=30 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430131356/https://www.actualno.com/showbusiness/ekspert-po-kibersigurnost-i-tanciorka-stana-mis-svjat-bylgarija-2025-snimki-news_2440480.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Petrich]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|KHM}} [[Miss Cambodia|Cambodia]] || {{sortname|Julia|Russell|nolink=1}}<ref name=JuliaRussel>{{cite news|title=(វីដេអូ) អបអរ! កូនខ្មែរកាត់អង់គ្លេស រ៉ូសស្យែល ហ្សូលីយ៉ា ក្លាយជាម្ចាស់មកុដថ្មី Miss World Cambodia 2025 ស័ក្ដិសមទាំងសម្រស់ និង សមត្ថភាព|trans-title=(Video) Congratulations! Khmer-English girl, Russell Julia, becomes the new Miss World Cambodia 2025 crown holder, worthy of both beauty and ability|url=https://www.popular.com.kh/វីដេអូ-អបអរ-កូនខ្មែរកាត/|work=Popular|access-date=4 April 2025|date=31 March 2025|language=Khmer|archive-date=4 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404184224/https://www.popular.com.kh/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC-%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9A-%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 18 || [[Phnom Penh]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Miss Cameroon|Cameroon]] || {{sortname|Princesse|Issié|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ama|first=Emile|date=15 August 2024|title=Princesse Issie, à la conquête de la couronne de Miss Monde|trans-title=Princess Issie, in search of the Miss World crown|url=https://www.lebledparle.com/princesse-issie-a-la-conquete-de-la-couronne-de-miss-monde/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[:fr: Le bled parle|Le Bled Parle]]|language=fr|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416092543/https://www.lebledparle.com/princesse-issie-a-la-conquete-de-la-couronne-de-miss-monde/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Douala]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Miss World Canada|Canada]] || {{sortname|Emma|Morrison|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Benchetrit|first=Jenna|title=Emma Morrison is the first Indigenous woman to win Miss World Canada|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/emma-morrison-miss-world-canada-1.6654132|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211193827/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/emma-morrison-miss-world-canada-1.6654132 |archive-date=11 December 2022|url-status=live|access-date=19 December 2023|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|language=en}}</ref> || 24 || [[Chapleau, Ontario|Chapleau]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|CYM}} [[Miss Cayman Islands|Cayman Islands]] || {{sortname|Jada|Ramoon|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stampp|first=Renae|date=1 April 2025|title=Miss World Cayman replaces title holder amid controversy|url=https://caymanmarlroad.com/2025/04/01/miss-world-cayman-replaces-title-holder-amid-controversy/|access-date=3 April 2025|work=Cayman Marl Road|archive-date=1 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401193412/https://caymanmarlroad.com/2025/04/01/miss-world-cayman-replaces-title-holder-amid-controversy/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 || [[Bodden Town (district)|Bodden Town]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Miss World Chile|Chile]] || {{sortname|Francisca|Lavandero|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saavedra|first=Mario|title=¡Hay nueva reina y es de Los Ángeles! Francisca Lavandero se corona como Miss Mundo Chile 2024|trans-title=There's a new queen, and she's from Los Angeles! Francisca Lavandero is crowned Miss World Chile 2024|url=https://elcontraste.cl/titular/2024/10/19/hay-nueva-reina-y-es-de-los-angeles-francisca-lavandero-se-corona-como-miss-mundo-chile-2024/|date= 19 October 2024|access-date=21 October 2024|work=elcontraste|language=es|archive-date=10 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210204038/https://elcontraste.cl/titular/2024/10/19/hay-nueva-reina-y-es-de-los-angeles-francisca-lavandero-se-corona-como-miss-mundo-chile-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Los Ángeles, Chile|Los Ángeles]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Miss China World|China]] || {{sortname|Wanting|Liu|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 May 2023|title=世界小姐中国区总决赛:厦门20岁女生摘冠冠|trans-title=20-year old from Xiamen wins|url=https://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20230525/202305/t20230525_5561904.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811204035/https://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20230525/202305/t20230525_5561904.htm|archive-date=11 August 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=Xiamen Daily|language=zh}}</ref> || 22 || [[Weifang]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|COL}} [[Miss Mundo Colombia|Colombia]] || {{sortname|Catalina|Quintero|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Catalina Quintero nueva Miss Mundo Colombia|trans-title=Catalina Quintero, the new Miss World Colombia|url=https://www.hoydiariodelmagdalena.com.co/archivos/843565/catalina-quintero-nueva-miss-mundo-colombia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816145331/https://www.hoydiariodelmagdalena.com.co/archivos/843565/catalina-quintero-nueva-miss-mundo-colombia/|archive-date=16 August 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=[[Diario Hoy (Argentina)|Diario Hoy]]|language=es}}</ref> || 24 || [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|CIV}} [[Miss Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]] || {{sortname|Fatoumata|Coulibaly|nolink=1}}<ref name=CDV>{{Cite news|last=Teye|first=Abigail|date=2 April 2025|title=Fatoumata Coulibaly crowned Miss World Côte d'Ivoire 2025|access-date=3 April 2025|url=https://www.asaaseradio.com/fatoumata-coulibaly-crowned-miss-world-cote-divoire-2025/|work=[[Asaase Radio]]|archive-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417084626/https://asaaseradio.com/fatoumata-coulibaly-crowned-miss-world-cote-divoire-2025/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 ||[[Gontougo]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|HRV}} [[Miss Croatia|Croatia]] || {{sortname|Tomislava|Dukić|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Hrvatske je Tomislava Dukić iz Tomislavgrada: Fitness i putovanja njena su strast, a posebno je vezana i za Split|trans-title=Miss Croatia is Tomislava Dukić from Tomislavgrad: Fitness and travel are her passions, and she is especially attached to Split|url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/scena/showbiz/nova-miss-hrvatske-je-tomislava-dukic-iz-tomislavgrada-zavrsila-je-kinezioloski-fakultet-u-splitu-a-obozava-putovati-1342682|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221052647/https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/scena/showbiz/nova-miss-hrvatske-je-tomislava-dukic-iz-tomislavgrada-zavrsila-je-kinezioloski-fakultet-u-splitu-a-obozava-putovati-1342682|archive-date=21 December 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|work=[[Slobodna Dalmacija]]|language=hr}}</ref> || 26 || [[Tomislavgrad]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|CUW}} [[Señorita Curaçao|Curaçao]] || {{sortname|Shubrainy|Dams|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shubrainy Dams gekroond tot 'Miss World Curaçao 2023'|trans-title=Shubrainy Dams crowned 'Miss World Curaçao 2023'|url=https://curacao.nu/shubrainy-dams-gekroond-tot-miss-world-curacao-2023/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812040337/https://curacao.nu/shubrainy-dams-gekroond-tot-miss-world-curacao-2023/|archive-date=12 August 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=Curacao.nu|language=nl}}</ref> || 23 || [[Willemstad]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Miss Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] || {{sortname|Adéla|Štroffeková|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 May 2024|title=Miss Czech Republic 2024 se stala studentka Adéla Štroffeková z Prahy|trans-title=Miss Czech Republic 2024 is student Adéla Štroffeková from Prague|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/miss-czech-republic-2024-adela-stroffekova-finale.A240511_173019_missamodelky_nh|access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[iDNES.cz]]|language=Czech|archive-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511204924/https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/miss-czech-republic-2024-adela-stroffekova-finale.A240511_173019_missamodelky_nh|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Prague]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Miss Denmark|Denmark]] || {{sortname|Emma|Heyst|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nielsen|first=Søren|date=7 September 2024|title=Mundlam bondepige i chok - kan blive Miss World|trans-title=Mundlam farmer girl in shock - could become Miss World|url=https://www.tv2nord.dk/frederikshavn/mundlam-bondepige-i-chok-kan-blive-miss-world|access-date=7 April 2025|website=[[TV2/Nord|TV2 Nord]]|language=Danish|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907103436/https://www.tv2nord.dk/frederikshavn/mundlam-bondepige-i-chok-kan-blive-miss-world|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Tolne]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|DOM}} [[Miss Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]] || {{sortname|Mayra|Delgado|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Candidata del Distrito Nacional gana Miss Mundo Dominicana|trans-title=National District candidate wins Miss World Dominican Republic|url=https://ntelemicro.com/candidata-del-distrito-nacional-gana-miss-mundo-dominicana-2/|work=[[Telemicro]]|access-date=10 November 2024|date=10 November 2024|language=es|archive-date=10 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110151912/https://ntelemicro.com/candidata-del-distrito-nacional-gana-miss-mundo-dominicana-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Santo Domingo]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Concurso Nacional de Belleza Ecuador|Ecuador]] || {{sortname|Sandra|Alvarado|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sandra Alvarado: "Crecí en una familia en la que no se escucha lo urbano"|trans-title=Sandra Alvarado: "I grew up in a family where urban music wasn't heard"|url=https://www.expreso.ec/ocio/sandra-alvarado-creci-familia-escucha-urbano-165637.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812040349/https://www.expreso.ec/ocio/sandra-alvarado-creci-familia-escucha-urbano-165637.html|archive-date=12 August 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=[[:es: Diario Expreso (Ecuador)|Diario Expreso]]|language=es}}</ref> || 24 || [[Santo Domingo, Ecuador|Santo Domingo]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
|{{flagicon|SLV}} [[Miss El Salvador|El Salvador]] ||{{sortname|Sofía|Estupinián|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barrera|first=J.|date=28 March 2025|title=Experiodista de "4 Visión" representará a El Salvador en Miss Mundo|trans-title=Former "4 Visión" journalist will represent El Salvador at Miss World|url=https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/espectaculos/experiodista-4-vision-representara-el-salvador-en-miss-mundo/1209223/2025/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=Noticias de El Salvador|language=es|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416093147/https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/espectaculos/experiodista-4-vision-representara-el-salvador-en-miss-mundo/1209223/2025/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|| 25 || [[Santa Ana, El Salvador|Santa Ana]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Miss England|England]] || {{sortname|Charlotte|Grant|link=Charlotte Grant (model)}}<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2025|access-date=22 May 2025|title=Miss England withdraws from Miss World 2025|url=https://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108754|website=[[TV Derana|Ada Derana]]|language=en|archive-date=22 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522075202/https://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108754|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Liverpool]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|GNQ}} [[Miss Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] || {{sortname|Estela|Nguema Mangue|nolink=1}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Ndumu Bengono Elugu|first=Rubén Darío|title=La belleza de Akurenam representará a Guinea Ecuatorial en Miss Mundo 2024|trans-title=The beauty from Akurenam will represent Equatorial Guinea at Miss World 2024|url=https://ahoraeg.com/cultura/2023/09/04/la-belleza-de-akurenam-representara-a-guinea-ecuatorial-en-miss-mundo-2024/ |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905093420/https://ahoraeg.com/cultura/2023/09/04/la-belleza-de-akurenam-representara-a-guinea-ecuatorial-en-miss-mundo-2024/amp/|archive-date=5 September 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=Ahora Equatorial Guinea|language=es}}</ref>|| 23 || [[Acurenam]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|EST}} [[Miss Estonia|Estonia]] || {{sortname|Eliise|Randmaa|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kadrioru loss täitus missiiluga! Miss World Estonia 2023 on tegus IT-spetsialist Eliise Randmaa: "Tahan tõestada, et miss ei ole kõndiv riidepuu!"|trans-title=Kadriorg Palace was filled with a missive! Miss World Estonia 2023 is an active IT specialist Eliise Randmaa: "I want to prove that a miss is not a walking coat hanger!"|url=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/elu/1090949/ol-video-ja-uhke-galerii-kadrioru-loss-taitus-missiiluga-miss-world-estonia-2023-on-tegus-it-spetsialist-eliise-randmaa-tahan-toestada-et-miss-ei-ole-kondiv-riidepuu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827103535/https://www.ohtuleht.ee/elu/1090949/ol-video-ja-uhke-galerii-kadrioru-loss-taitus-missiiluga-miss-world-estonia-2023-on-tegus-it-spetsialist-eliise-randmaa-tahan-toestada-et-miss-ei-ole-kondiv-riidepuu|archive-date=27 August 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|work=[[Õhtuleht]]|language=et}}</ref> || 25 || [[Türi]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|ETH}} [[Miss Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] || [[Hasset Dereje]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ayub Mohammad|first=Rifai|date=18 February 2025|title=7 Potret Hasset Dereje Miss World Ethiopia 2025, Sweet Abis!|trans-title=7 Portrait of Hasset Dereje Miss World Ethiopia 2025, Sweet Abis!|url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/muhammad-ayub-rifai/potret-hasset-dereje-miss-world-ethiopia-2025-c1c2|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[IDN Times]]|language=Indonesian|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416093915/https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/muhammad-ayub-rifai/potret-hasset-dereje-miss-world-ethiopia-2025-c1c2|url-status=live}}</ref>
|| 19 || [[Addis Ababa]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Miss Finland|Finland]] || {{sortname|Sofia|Singh|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aghi|first=Charu|date=30 April 2025|title=Miss World Finland 2025 बनीं Sofia Singh — भारतवंशी सुंदरता की वैश्विक मंच पर चमक|trans-title=Sofia Singh crowned Miss World Finland 2025 — A New Era of Cultural Harmony and Purposeful Representation|url=https://www.24jobraatimes.com/show-post/280|access-date=11 May 2025|work=24 JOBRAA TIMES|language=Hindi|archive-date=10 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510220804/https://www.24jobraatimes.com/show-post/280|url-status=live}}</ref> || 29 || [[Helsinki]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Miss France|France]] || {{sortname|Agathe|Cauet|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Clément|url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/evenement/miss-france-miss-france/373274-agathe-cauet-representante-de-la-france-a-miss-monde-2025-je-suis-encore-sous-le-coup-de-l-emotion/|date=10 March 2025|language=French|work=[[:fr:Télé-Loisirs|Télé-Loisirs]]|title=Agathe Cauet représentante de la France à Miss Monde 2025 : "Je suis encore sous le coup de l'émotion"|trans-title=Agathe Cauet, France's representative at Miss World 2025: "I'm still overwhelmed by emotion"|archive-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312081335/https://www.programme-tv.net/news/evenement/miss-france-miss-france/373274-agathe-cauet-representante-de-la-france-a-miss-monde-2025-je-suis-encore-sous-le-coup-de-l-emotion/|url-status=live}}</ref>|| 26 || [[Lille]] || Europe
|-
|{{flagicon|DEU}} [[Miss World Germany|Germany]] ||{{sortname|Silvia|Dörre Sánchez|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web|access-date=11 April 2025 |title=Introducing Miss World Germany 2025
|url=https://www.missworld.com/news/introducing-miss-world-germany-2025 |website=[[Miss World]]|date=11 April 2025
|language=en|archive-date=12 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412083129/https://www.missworld.com/news/introducing-miss-world-germany-2025|url-status=live}}</ref> || 28 || [[Leipzig]] || Europe
|-
|{{flagdeco|GHA}} [[Miss Ghana|Ghana]] || {{sortname|Jutta|Pokuah|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 April 2025|title=Jutta Addo Is Miss Ghana 2025 |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/jutta-addo-is-miss-ghana-2025/|access-date=3 April 2025|website=[[Daily Guide (Ghana)|Daily Guide]]|language=en|archive-date=2 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402105802/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/jutta-addo-is-miss-ghana-2025/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 20 || [[Central Region, Ghana|Central Region]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|GIB}} [[Miss Gibraltar|Gibraltar]] || {{sortname|Shania|Ballester|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shania Ballester crowned Miss Gibraltar 2024|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/shania-ballester-crowned-miss-gibraltar-2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324033543/https://www.gbc.gi/news/shania-ballester-crowned-miss-gibraltar-2024 |archive-date=24 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024|work=[[Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation|GBC]]|language=en}}</ref> || 19 || [[Gibraltar]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|GRC}} [[Star Hellas|Greece]] || {{sortname|Stella|Michailidou|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Καλλιστεία 2024: Ποιες πήραν τους τίτλους Star & Miss Hellas, Miss Young|trans-title=Beauty Pageant 2024: Who won the titles Star & Miss Hellas, Miss Young|url=https://www.star.gr/lifestyle/celebrities/676401/kallisteia-2024-aytes-einai-oi-star-miss-hellas-miss-young|work=[[Star Channel (Greek TV channel)|Star Channel]]|access-date=14 December 2024|date=14 December 2024|language=Greek|archive-date=14 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214024446/https://www.star.gr/lifestyle/celebrities/676401/kallisteia-2024-aytes-einai-oi-star-miss-hellas-miss-young|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Thessaloniki]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|GLP|local}} [[Miss International Guadeloupe|Guadeloupe]] || {{sortname|Noémie|Milne|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cayarcy|first=Lynda|date=24 March 2025|title=Noëmie Milne, Miss World Guadeloupe, se prépare pour l'élection de Miss Monde en Inde|trans-title=Noëmie Milne, Miss World Guadeloupe, prepares for the Miss World election in India|url=https://rci.fm/guadeloupe/infos/Culture/Noemie-Milne-Miss-World-Guadeloupe-se-prepare-pour-lelection-de-Miss-Monde-en-Inde|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[Radio Caribbean International|RCI]]|language=fr|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416094326/https://rci.fm/guadeloupe/infos/Culture/Noemie-Milne-Miss-World-Guadeloupe-se-prepare-pour-lelection-de-Miss-Monde-en-Inde|url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 || [[Baie-Mahault]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|GTM}} [[Miss Guatemala|Guatemala]] || {{sortname|Jeimy|Escobedo|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Xot|first=Llezica|date=2 May 2024|title=Representante de Suchitepéquez es nombrada Miss Mundo Guatemala 2024|trans-title=Representative from Suchitepéquez is named Miss World Guatemala 2024|url=https://chapinenusa.com/noticias-guatemala/representante-de-suchitepequez-es-nombrada-miss-mundo-guatemala-2024-202452930|access-date=26 April 2025|website=Chapín en USA|language=es|archive-date=20 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220131153/https://chapinenusa.com/noticias-guatemala/representante-de-suchitepequez-es-nombrada-miss-mundo-guatemala-2024-202452930|url-status=live}}</ref> || 18 || [[Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez|Mazatenango]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|GIN}} [[Miss World Guinea|Guinea]] ||{{sortname|Kadiatou|Savané|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aghi|first=Charu|date=30 April 2025|title=Kadiatou Savané to Represent Guinea at the 72nd Miss World in Telangana, India — A True Embodiment of Beauty With a Purpose|url=https://www.24jobraatimes.com/show-post/276|access-date=11 May 2025|work=24 JOBRAA TIMES|language=Hindi|archive-date=11 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511094348/https://www.24jobraatimes.com/show-post/276|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Conakry]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|GUY}} [[Miss Guyana|Guyana]]|| {{sortname|Zalika|Samuels|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Zalika Samuels crowned Miss World Guyana 2024|url=https://writeups24.com/zalika-samuels-crowned-miss-world-guyana-2024/|access-date=10 December 2024|date=9 December 2024|website=[[24 News|Write Ups 24]]|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702113337/https://platinaline.com/a-residir-no-reino-unido-nur-acredita-que-nos-proximos-anos-o-kuduro-sera-o-estilo-musical-mais-sonante-no-mundo/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|HTI}} [[Miss Haiti|Haiti]] || {{sortname|Christee|Guirand|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2024|title=Christee Guirand ranpòte kouwòn Miss World Haïti 2024 la.|trans-title=Christee Guirand wins the Miss World Haiti 2024 crown.|url=https://www.konektem.net/post/christee-guirand-ranp%C3%B2te-kouw%C3%B2n-miss-world-ha%C3%AFti-2024-la|access-date=4 April 2025|website=Konektem|language=fr|archive-date=13 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113203529/https://www.konektem.net/post/christee-guirand-ranp%C3%B2te-kouw%C3%B2n-miss-world-ha%C3%AFti-2024-la|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 ||[[Port-au-Prince]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|HND|2022}} [[Miss Honduras|Honduras]] || {{sortname|Izza|Sevilla|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Izza Sevilla ceibena alista para conquistar miss mundo|trans-title=Izza Sevilla from Ceibe is ready to conquer Miss World|url=https://www.laprensa.hn/fotogalerias/farandula/izza-sevilla-ceibena-alista-para-conquistar-miss-mundo-EC22462655|work=[[La Prensa (Honduras)|La Prensa Honduras]]|access-date=10 November 2024|date=5 November 2024|language=es|archive-date=10 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110152831/https://www.laprensa.hn/fotogalerias/farandula/izza-sevilla-ceibena-alista-para-conquistar-miss-mundo-EC22462655|url-status=live}}</ref> || 19 || [[La Ceiba]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Magyarország Szépe|Hungary]] || {{sortname|Andrea|Katzenbach|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knap|first=Zoltán|date=23 June 2024|title=Így ünnepelt a Magyarország Szépe nyertese|trans-title=This is how the winner of Hungary's Szépe celebrated|url=https://www.blikk.hu/galeria/magyarorszag-szepe-nyertes-fotok/rzh2qs5 |access-date=24 June 2024|website=[[Blikk]]|language=hu|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907105017/https://www.blikk.hu/galeria/magyarorszag-szepe-nyertes-fotok/rzh2qs5|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Kiskőrös]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Femina Miss India|India]] || {{sortname|Nandini|Gupta}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Your background doesn't matter, it is who you become: Miss India World 2023 Nandini Gupta|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/your-background-doesnt-matter-it-is-who-you-become-miss-india-world-2023-nandini-gupta-1211112.html|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315162810/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/your-background-doesnt-matter-it-is-who-you-become-miss-india-world-2023-nandini-gupta-1211112.html |archive-date=15 March 2024|access-date=19 December 2023 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> || 22 || [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Miss Indonesia|Indonesia]] || {{sortname|Monica|Kezia Sembiring|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anggraeni|first=Ayu Utami|date=29 May 2024|title=Monica Sembiring Juara Miss Indonesia 2024|trans-title=Monica Sembiring Wins Miss Indonesia 2024|url=https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2024/05/29/194/3014853/monica-sembiring-juara-miss-indonesia-2024|access-date=29 May 2024|website=[[Okezone]]|language=id|archive-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529132848/https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2024/05/29/194/3014853/monica-sembiring-juara-miss-indonesia-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Karo Regency|Karo]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Miss Ireland|Ireland]] || {{sortname|Jasmine|Gerhardt|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Becker|first=Kendra|title=Miss Dublin Jasmine Gerhardt Crowned the Winner of Miss Ireland 2023|url=https://goss.ie/showbiz/miss-dublin-jasmine-gerhardt-crowned-the-winner-of-miss-ireland-2023-357794|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110185548/https://goss.ie/showbiz/miss-dublin-jasmine-gerhardt-crowned-the-winner-of-miss-ireland-2023-357794 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023|website=[[goss.ie]]|date=5 November 2023}}</ref> || 25 || [[Dublin]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Miss World Italy|Italy]] || {{sortname|Chiara|Esposito|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Mondo Italia è campana: Chiara Esposito, 20 anni, di Curti, in provincia di Caserta|trans-title=Miss World Italy is from Campania: Chiara Esposito, 20 years old, from Curti, in the province of Caserta|url=https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/23_giugno_12/miss-mondo-italia-e-campana-chiara-esposito-20-anni-di-curti-in-provincia-di-caserta-e54f52d2-3295-4605-9b1d-883e76723xlk.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812020830/https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/23_giugno_12/miss-mondo-italia-e-campana-chiara-esposito-20-anni-di-curti-in-provincia-di-caserta-e54f52d2-3295-4605-9b1d-883e76723xlk.shtml|archive-date=2023-08-12|access-date=2023-12-19|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|language=it}}</ref> || 22 || [[Curti, Campania|Curti]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Miss Jamaica World|Jamaica]]
|| {{sortname|Tahje|Bennett|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 September 2024|title=Tahje Bennett triumphs in second shot at Miss Ja World title|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20240907/tahje-bennett-triumphs-second-shot-miss-ja-world-title#google_vignette|access-date=7 September 2024|website=[[The Gleaner|Jamaica Gleaner]]|language=en|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907105035/https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20240907/tahje-bennett-triumphs-second-shot-miss-ja-world-title#google_vignette|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Miss World Japan|Japan]] || {{sortname|Kiana|Tomita|nolink=1}}<ref name=Japan>{{cite news|date=2 October 2024|title=日本代表に冨田キアナさんミス・ワールド世界大会へ|trans-title=Kiana Tomita to represent Japan at Miss World competition|url=https://www.fukuishimbun.co.jp/articles/-/2143742|work=[[Fukui Broadcasting|Fukui Shimbun]]|access-date=26 April 2025|language=ja|archive-date=25 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425191751/https://www.fukuishimbun.co.jp/articles/-/2143742|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2347444/full/|title=世界最大規模ミスコン『ミス・ワールド』日本代表に冨田キアナさんケンブリッジ大学大学院→現京都大学大学院生の才色兼備|trans-title=Kiana Tomita, a graduate student at the University of Cambridge and currently a graduate student at Kyoto University, will represent Japan in the world’s largest beauty pageant, Miss World|date=2 October 2024|work=[[ORICON NEWS]]|access-date=26 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002105936/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2347444/full/|archive-date=2 October 2024|url-status=live|language=ja}}</ref> || 28 || Tokyo || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Miss Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] || {{sortname|Sabina|Idrissova|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=The title «Miss Kazakhstan 2023» at the national beauty contest was won by 21-year-old ballerina Sabina Idrissova|url=http://styleofeurasia.com/news/item/2997-the-title-miss-kazakhstan-2023-at-the-national-beauty-contest-was-won-by-21-year-old-ballerina-sabina-idrisova|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218145307/http://styleofeurasia.com/news/item/2997-the-title-miss-kazakhstan-2023-at-the-national-beauty-contest-was-won-by-21-year-old-ballerina-sabina-idrisova|archive-date=2023-12-18|access-date=2023-12-19|work=Style of Eurasia|language=en}}</ref> || 22 || [[Astana]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Miss World Kenya|Kenya]] || {{sortname|Grace|Ramtu|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 August 2024|title=Meet the new Miss World Kenya Grace Ramtu|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/achieving-woman/article/2001500597/meet-the-new-miss-world-kenya-grace-ramtu|access-date=17 August 2024|website=[[The Standard (Kenya)|Standard Media]]|language=en|archive-date=17 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817093343/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/amp/achieving-woman/article/2001500597/meet-the-new-miss-world-kenya-grace-ramtu|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Nairobi]] || Africa
|-
|{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Miss Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]] || {{sortname|Aizhan|Chanacheva|nolink=1}}<ref name=Kyrgyz>{{Cite news|date=11 April 2025|title=Кыргызстандык «Дүйнө периси — 2025» сынагынын катышуучусу Айжан Чаначева ким?|trans-title=Who is Aizhan Chanacheva, a participant in the "Miss World 2025" contest from Kyrgyzstan?|url=https://24.kg/kyrgyzcha/325617_kyirgyizstandyik_laquoduyno_perisinbspmdash_2025raquo_syinagyinyin_katyishuuchusu_ayjan_chanacheva_kim/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=24 Kyrgyzstan |language=Kyrgyz}}</ref> || 26 || [[Naryn]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|LVA}} [[Miss Latvia|Latvia]] || {{sortname|Marija|Mišurova|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmy|first=Nsengiyumva|date=9 May 2025|title=Havuyemo ibihugu 11: Ibyo wamenya kuri Miss World yabaye umugani k'u Rwanda|trans-title=11 countries emerged: What you should know about the legendary Miss World from Rwanda|url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/havuyemo-ibihugu-11-ibyo-wamenya-kuri-miss-world-yabaye-umugani-k-u-rwanda|access-date=11 May 2025|website=IGIHE|language=Kinyarwanda|archive-date=10 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510213814/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/havuyemo-ibihugu-11-ibyo-wamenya-kuri-miss-world-yabaye-umugani-k-u-rwanda|url-status=live}}</ref> || 17 || [[Riga]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Miss Lebanon|Lebanon]] || {{sortname|Nada|Koussa}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lebanon crowns Nada Koussa as Miss Lebanon 2024|url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/786335/lbci-lebanon-articles/en|access-date=2024-07-27|website=[[Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International|LBCI]]|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728110858/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/786335/lbci-lebanon-articles/en|url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 || [[Rahbeh]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|MDG}} [[Miss Madagascar|Madagascar]] || {{sortname|Cyria|Temagnombe|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Miss Madagascar : Mon rêve est de représenter dignement notre pays|trans-title=Miss Madagascar: My dream is to represent our country with dignity|url=https://newsmada.com/2024/10/01/miss-madagascar-mon-reve-est-de-representer-dignement-notre-pays/|access-date=3 October 2024|date=1 October 2024|work=News Madagascar|language=fr}}</ref> || 23 || [[Tsiroanomandidy]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Miss World Malaysia|Malaysia]] || {{sortname|Saroop|Roshi}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Unto|first=Ricardo|title=Perak's Saroop wins Miss World Malaysia 2023|url=https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/218855/perak-s-saroop-wins-miss-world-malaysia-2023/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902132437/https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/218855/perak-s-saroop-wins-miss-world-malaysia-2023/|archive-date=2023-09-02|access-date=2023-12-19|work=[[Daily Express (Malaysia)|Daily Express Malaysia]]|language=en}}</ref> || 26 || [[Perak]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|MLT}} [[Miss World Malta|Malta]] || {{sortname|Martine|Cutajar|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zammit|first=Frederick|title=Martine Cutajar u Slaven Micallef jirbħu l-Miss & Mr World Malta 2023|trans-title=Martine Cutajar and Slaven Micallef win Miss & Mr World Malta 2023|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/martine-cutajar-u-slaven-micallef-jirbhu-il-miss-mr-world-malta-2023/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812024646/https://newsbook.com.mt/martine-cutajar-u-slaven-micallef-jirbhu-il-miss-mr-world-malta-2023/|archive-date=2023-08-12|access-date=2023-12-19|work=[[Newsbook]]|language=mt}}</ref> || 25 || [[Attard]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|MTQ}} [[Miss Martinique|Martinique]] || {{sortname|Aurélie|Joachim|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 April 2025|title=Aurélie Joachim en route pour Miss Monde|trans-title=Aurélie Joachim on her way to Miss World|url=https://viaatv.tv/aurelie-joachim-en-route-pour-miss-monde/|access-date=23 April 2025|website=[[ViàATV|ATV - C’est ma Télé!]]|language=fr|archive-date=1 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401230200/https://viaatv.tv/aurelie-joachim-en-route-pour-miss-monde/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 27 || [[Ducos, Martinique|Ducos]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|MUS}} [[Miss Mauritius|Mauritius]] || {{sortname|Wenna|Rumnah|nolink=1}}<ref name=KIMJOS>{{Cite news|last=Seetamonee|first=Rajmeela|date=23 April 2025|title=Miss World Mauritius : Wenna Rumnah remplace Kimberley Joseph|trans-title=Miss World Mauritius: Wenna Rumnah replaces Kimberley Joseph|url=https://defimedia.info/miss-world-mauritius-wenna-rumnah-remplace-kimberley-joseph|access-date=24 April 2025|website=[[Le Défi Media Group|Le Défi Media Group]]|language=fr}}</ref> || 22 || [[Port Louis]] || Africa
|-
|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Miss Mexico|Mexico]] || {{sortname|Maryely|Leal|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-08-03|title=¡Sinaloa en lo alto! La guasavense Maryely Leal se corona como Miss México 2024|trans-title=Sinaloa on top! Maryely Leal from Guasava is crowned Miss Mexico 2024|url=https://lineadirectaportal.com/entretenimiento/sinaloa-en-lo-alto-la-guasavense-maryely-leal-se-corona-como-miss-mexico-2024-2024-08-03__1178910|access-date=2024-08-04|work=Linea Directa|language=es|archive-date=4 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804085734/https://lineadirectaportal.com/entretenimiento/sinaloa-en-lo-alto-la-guasavense-maryely-leal-se-corona-como-miss-mexico-2024-2024-08-03__1178910|url-status=live }}</ref> || 28 || [[Guasave]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|MDA}} [[Miss Moldova|Moldova]] || {{sortname|Anghelina|Chitaica|nolink=1}}<ref name=Moldova>{{Cite news |last=Latiș |first=Diana |date=14 March 2025 |title=R. Moldova va participa la Miss World. Cine este tânăra care ne va reprezenta țara |trans-title=Moldova will participate in Miss World. Who is the young woman who will represent our country? |url=https://agora.md/2025/03/14/r-moldova-va-participa-la-miss-world-cine-este-tanara-care-ne-va-reprezenta-tara |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Agora Moldova|language=Romanian|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416095452/https://agora.md/2025/03/14/r-moldova-va-participa-la-miss-world-cine-este-tanara-care-ne-va-reprezenta-tara |url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Tiraspol]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|MNG}} [[Miss World Mongolia|Mongolia]] || {{sortname|Erdenesuvd|Batbayar|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tseesuren|first=A.|date=4 April 2025|title=Улсын харцага Г.Батбаярын охин "Дэлхийн мисс"-т өрсөлдөнө|trans-title=The daughter of the state treasurer G. Batbayar will compete in "Miss World"|url= https://news.mn/r/2793000/|access-date=6 April 2025|website=News Mongolia|language=Mongolian|archive-date=3 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403110638/https://news.mn/r/2793000/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Ulaanbaatar]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|MNE}} [[Miss Montenegro|Montenegro]] || {{sortname|Andrea|Nikolić|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-04-01|title=Podgoričanka Andrea Nikolić je nova mis Crne Gore|trans-title=Andrea Nikolić from Podgorica is the new Miss Montenegro|url=https://borba.me/podgoricanka-andrea-nikolic-je-nova-mis-crne-gore/|access-date=2025-04-04|website=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]]|language=Montenegrin|archive-date=1 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401063408/https://borba.me/podgoricanka-andrea-nikolic-je-nova-mis-crne-gore/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Podgorica]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|MMR}} [[Miss Myanmar World|Myanmar]]||{{sortname|Khisa|Khin|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|date=10 March 2025|title=Khisa Khin wins Miss World Myanmar 2025 Crown|url= https://www.gnlm.com.mm/khisa-khin-wins-miss-world-myanmar-2025-crown/|access-date=20 March 2025|website=[[New Light of Myanmar|Global New Light Of Myanmar]]|archive-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417000307/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/favicon.ico}}</ref> || 17 || [[Kyauktaga Township|Taw Kyawe Inn]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|NAM}} [[Miss Namibia|Namibia]]|| {{sortname|Selma|Kamanya}}<ref name=Namibia>{{cite news|title=Selma Kamanya, Miss Namibia 2018, to Represent Country at Miss World Pageant in India in May|url=https://www.namibiansun.com/art-and-entertainment/selma-kamanya-miss-namibia-2018-to-represent-country-at-miss-world-pageant-in-india-in-may2025-04-14|first=Michael|last=Kayunde|work=[[Namibian Sun]]|access-date=15 April 2024|date=14 April 2024|language=en|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416105922/https://www.namibiansun.com/art-and-entertainment/selma-kamanya-miss-namibia-2018-to-represent-country-at-miss-world-pageant-in-india-in-may2025-04-14|url-status=live}}</ref> || 28 || [[Windhoek]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|NPL}} [[Miss Nepal 2023|Nepal]]
| {{sortname|Srichchha|Pradhan|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Srichchha Pradhan crowned Miss Nepal 2023 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/05/27/srichchha-pradhan-crowned-miss-nepal-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605063617/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/05/27/srichchha-pradhan-crowned-miss-nepal-2023 |archive-date=2023-06-05 |access-date=2023-12-19 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|language=en}}</ref> || 25 || [[Kathmandu]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|NLD}} Netherlands || {{sortname|Jane|Knoester|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|first=Brenda |last=Mizero|date=16 April 2024|title=Byinshi kuri Jane Knoester w'imyaka 18 uzahagararira u Buholandi muri Miss World 2025 – AMAFOTO|trans-title=Byinshi kuri Jane Knoester w'imyaka 18 uzahagararira u Buholandi muri Miss World 2025 – AMAFOTO|url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/byinshi-kuri-jane-knoester-wimyaka-18-uzahagararira-u-buholandi-muri-miss-world-2025-amafo-141946|access-date=1 May 2025|work=Inya Rwanda|language=Dutch|archive-date=1 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501162020/https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/byinshi-kuri-jane-knoester-wimyaka-18-uzahagararira-u-buholandi-muri-miss-world-2025-amafo-141946|url-status=live}}</ref> || 19 || [[The Hague]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Miss World New Zealand|New Zealand]] || {{sortname|Samantha|Poole|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 May 2025|title=Đối thủ cũ của Thanh Thủy gây chú ý ở Hoa hậu Thế giớ|trans-title=Thanh Thuy's old rival attracts attention at Miss World|url=https://tienphong.vn/doi-thu-cu-cua-thanh-thuy-gay-chu-y-o-hoa-hau-the-gioi-post1740779.tpo|access-date=13 May 2025|website=[[Tiền Phong (newspaper)|Báo điện tử Tiền Phong]]|language=vi|archive-date=12 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512225052/https://tienphong.vn/doi-thu-cu-cua-thanh-thuy-gay-chu-y-o-hoa-hau-the-gioi-post1740779.tpo|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Whangārei]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|NIC}} [[Miss Mundo Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] || {{sortname|Virmania|Rodríguez|nolink=1}}<ref name=Nicaragua>{{Cite news|title=Estas son las cuatro reinas de belleza que representarán a Nicaragua en certámenes internacionales|trans-title=These are the four beauty queens who will represent Nicaragua in international pageants.|url=https://www.laprensani.com/2025/03/24/vida/3451413-estas-son-las-cuatro-reinas-de-belleza-que-representaran-a-nicaragua-en-certamenes-internacionales|website=[[La Prensa (Managua)|La Prensa]]|date=24 March 2025|access-date=25 March 2025|language=es|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416235429/https://www.laprensani.com/2025/03/24/vida/3451413-estas-son-las-cuatro-reinas-de-belleza-que-representaran-a-nicaragua-en-certamenes-internacionales|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[El Jicaral]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} Nigeria || {{sortname|Joy|Raimi|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bolawa|first=Pelumi|date=5 April 2025|title=Osun's Joy Raimi crowned Miss World Nigeria 2025 |url= https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/osuns-joy-raimi-crowned-miss-world-nigeria-2025/|access-date=5 April 2025|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en|archive-date=5 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405074211/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/osuns-joy-raimi-crowned-miss-world-nigeria-2025/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Port Harcourt]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|MKD}} [[Miss North Macedonia|North Macedonia]] || {{sortname|Charna|Nevzati|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 May 2025|title=Чарна Невзати ќе ја претставува Македонија на Мис на светот|trans-title=Charna Nevzati will represent Macedonia at Miss World|url=https://kajgana.com/magazin/stil/charna-nevzati-ke-ja-pretstavuva-makedonija-na-mis-na-svetot|access-date=12 May 2025|work=[[Kajgana.com|Kajgana]]|language=mk|archive-date=11 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511205313/https://kajgana.com/magazin/stil/charna-nevzati-ke-ja-pretstavuva-makedonija-na-mis-na-svetot|url-status=live}}</ref> || 20 || [[Skopje]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|NIR}} [[Miss Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland]] || {{sortname|Hannah|Johns|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2024|title=Hannah Johns crowned with Miss Northern Ireland 2024 title|url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/whats-on/be/gallery/hannah-johns-crowned-miss-northern-29247182 |agency=[[Belfast News|Belfast Live]]|access-date=2 July 2024|archive-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529024842/https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/whats-on/be/gallery/hannah-johns-crowned-miss-northern-29247182|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Belfast]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|PAN}} [[Señorita Panamá|Panama]] || {{sortname|Karol|Rodríguez|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 December 2023|last=Chan|first=Lau|title=Miss Mundo Panamá 2024: Karol Rodríguez es la nueva representante|trans-title=Miss World Panama 2024: Karol Rodríguez is the new representative|url=https://www.telemetro.com/entretenimiento/miss-mundo-panama-2024-karol-rodriguez-es-la-nueva-representante-n5950007|website=[[Telemetro]]|access-date=18 April 2025|language=es|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213125834/https://www.telemetro.com/entretenimiento/miss-mundo-panama-2024-karol-rodriguez-es-la-nueva-representante-n5950007|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Panama City]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|PRY}} [[Reinas del Paraguay|Paraguay]] || {{sortname|Yanina|Gómez|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=¡Paraguay ya tiene a sus cinco soberanas de belleza!|trans-title=Paraguay now has its five beauty queens!|url=https://unicanal.com.py/tendencias/paraguay-ya-tiene-a-sus-cinco-soberanas-de-belleza/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812041840/https://unicanal.com.py/tendencias/paraguay-ya-tiene-a-sus-cinco-soberanas-de-belleza/|archive-date=2023-08-12 |access-date=2023-12-19 |work=[[Unicanal]]|date=26 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref> || 28 || [[Asunción]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} [[Miss Peru|Peru]] || {{sortname|Staisy|Huamansisa|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2025|title=Miss World Perú viajará a la India al certamen internacional|trans-title=Miss World Peru will travel to India for the international pageant.|url=https://connuestroperu.com/miscelanea/miss-world-peru-viajara-a-la-india-al-certamen-internacional/|access-date=1 May 2025|work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|Co Nuestro Peru]]|language=es|archive-date=1 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501162649/https://connuestroperu.com/miscelanea/miss-world-peru-viajara-a-la-india-al-certamen-internacional/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 20 || [[Lima]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|PHL}} [[Miss World Philippines|Philippines]] || {{sortname|Krishnah|Gravidez}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-07-20 |title=Krishnah Marie Gravidez of Baguio City is Miss World Philippines 2024!|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/913932/krishnah-marie-gravidez-of-baguio-city-is-miss-world-philippines-2024/story/|access-date=2024-07-21|website=[[GMA Network|GMA News Online]]|language=en|archive-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724225118/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/913932/krishnah-marie-gravidez-of-baguio-city-is-miss-world-philippines-2024/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Baguio]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|POL}} [[Miss Polonia|Poland]] || {{sortname|Maja|Klajda|nolink=1}}<ref name=Poland>{{Cite web |last=Witkowska |first=Matylda |date=2024-09-30 |title=Maja Klajda, Ewa Jakubiec i inne piękne dziewczyny. W Monopolis w Łodzi przedstawiono kandydatki do międzynarodowych konkursów piękości |trans-title=Maja Klajda, Ewa Jakubiec and other beautiful girls. In Monopolis in Łódź, candidates for international beauty contests were presented |url=https://dzienniklodzki.pl/maja-klajda-ewa-jakubiec-i-inne-piekne-dziewczyny-w-monopolis-w-lodzi-przedstawiono-kandydatki-do-miedzynarodowych-konkursow/ar/c6-18844669 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[:pl:Dziennik Łódzki|Dziennik Łódzki Poland]]|language=pl |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127090752/https://dzienniklodzki.pl/maja-klajda-ewa-jakubiec-i-inne-piekne-dziewczyny-w-monopolis-w-lodzi-przedstawiono-kandydatki-do-miedzynarodowych-konkursow/ar/c6-18844669 |url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 ||[[Łęczna]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|PRT}} [[Miss República Portuguesa|Portugal]] || {{sortname|Maria Amélia|Baptista|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bispo|first=Roni|date=19 September 2024|title=Miss Portugal passa férias em Poços de Caldas|trans-title=Miss Portugal spends holidays in Poços de Caldas|url=https://pocoscom.com/miss-portugal-passa-ferias-em-pocos-de-caldas/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=PocosCom|language=Portuguese|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416101809/https://pocoscom.com/miss-portugal-passa-ferias-em-pocos-de-caldas//|url-status=live}}</ref> || 27 || [[Porto]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|PRI}} [[Miss World Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]] || {{sortname|Valeria|Pérez|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correa Henry|first=Pedro|date=April 6, 2024|title=De Manatí la nueva Miss Mundo de Puerto Rico 2022|trans-title=From Manatí the new Miss World of Puerto Rico 2022|url=https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/reinas-belleza/notas/de-manati-la-nueva-miss-mundo-de-puerto-rico/|website=[[Primera Hora (Puerto Rico)|Primera Hora]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407024230/https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/reinas-belleza/notas/de-manati-la-nueva-miss-mundo-de-puerto-rico/|archive-date=April 7, 2024|access-date=April 7, 2024}}</ref> || 23 || [[Manatí, Puerto Rico|Manatí]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|ROU}} [[List of Romania representatives at international beauty pageants|Romania]] || {{sortname|Alexandra|Cătălin|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 May 2025|last=Oprea|first=Diana|title=Cât de frumoasă este Alexandra, tânăra care reprezintă România la Miss World 2025. Are 23 de ani și este din București|trans-title=How beautiful Alexandra is, the young woman representing Romania at Miss World 2025. She is 23 years old and is from Bucharest|url=https://www.protv.ro/articol/112407-cat-de-frumoasa-este-alexandra-tanara-care-reprezinta-romania-la-miss-world-2025-are-23-de-ani-si-este-din-bucuresti|access-date=22 April 2025|website=[[Pro TV]]|language=ro|archive-date=15 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515125805/https://www.protv.ro/articol/112407-cat-de-frumoasa-este-alexandra-tanara-care-reprezinta-romania-la-miss-world-2025-are-23-de-ani-si-este-din-bucuresti|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Bucharest]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Miss Scotland|Scotland]] ||{{sortname|Amy|Scott|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Robert|date=14 April 2025|title=Miss Scotland Amy Scott made her catwalk debut in New York City|url=https://pocoscom.com/miss-portugal-passa-ferias-em-pocos-de-caldas/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416102504/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/in-your-area/lanarkshire/miss-scotland-amy-scott-made-35046838|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 ||[[Strathaven]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Miss Senegal|Senegal]] || {{sortname|Mame Fama|Gaye|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Diouf|first=Mouhamed|date=2024-07-13|title=Miss Sénégal 2024 : Réaction à chaud de Mame Fama Gaye et ses dauphines (Senego TV)|trans-title=Miss Senegal 2024: Hot reaction from Mame Fama Gaye and her runners-up (Senego TV)|url=https://senego.com/miss-senegal-2024-reaction-a-chaud-de-mame-fama-gaye-et-ses-dauphines-senego-tv_1723023.html|access-date=2024-07-13|website=Senego.com - Actualité au Sénégal|language=fr-FR|archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713100258/https://senego.com/miss-senegal-2024-reaction-a-chaud-de-mame-fama-gaye-et-ses-dauphines-senego-tv_1723023.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Fatick]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miss Serbia|Serbia]] || {{sortname|Aleksandra|Rutović|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dojkić|first=Aleksandar|date=19 June 2024|title=Aleksandra Rutović Je Pobednica Mis Srbije – Ćerka čoveka koji je osuđen zbog ranjavanja Peconija osvojila titulu najlepše devojke |trans-title=Aleksandra Rutović Is the Winner of Miss Serbia – The daughter of the man who was convicted for wounding Peconi won the title of the most beautiful girl |url=https://www.blic.rs/zabava/aleksandra-rutovic-je-pobednica-mis-srbije-cerka-coveka-koji-je-osuden-zbog/dvygwvf |access-date=20 June 2024|website=Blic|language=sr|archive-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619215626/https://www.blic.rs/zabava/aleksandra-rutovic-je-pobednica-mis-srbije-cerka-coveka-koji-je-osuden-zbog/dvygwvf|url-status=live }}</ref> || 26 || [[Belgrade]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|SLE}} [[Miss Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] ||{{sortname|Lachaeveh|Davies|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kamuskay|first=Sallu|date=27 April 2025|title=The Importance of the Miss Sierra Leone Platform and My Work with Four Inspiring Contestants|url=https://sallukamuskay.com/the-importance-of-the-miss-sierra-leone-platform-and-my-work-with-four-inspiring-contestants/|access-date=29 April 2025|website=sallukamuskay.com|language=en|archive-date=27 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427161849/https://sallukamuskay.com/the-importance-of-the-miss-sierra-leone-platform-and-my-work-with-four-inspiring-contestants/|url-status=live }}</ref> || 23 || [[Freetown]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Miss Singapore World|Singapore]] || {{sortname|Delvina Katerina|Luther|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hui|first=Zolta|date=29 March 2025|title=Katerina Delvina Crowned Miss World Singapore 2025|url=https://www.dfashionmagazine.com/article-detail.php?id=1584|access-date=4 April 2025|website=dfashionmagazine|language=en|archive-date=4 April 2025|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250404164154/https://www.dfashionmagazine.com/article-detail.php?id=1584 |url-status=live}}</ref> || 28 || Singapore || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Miss Slovenia|Slovenia]] || {{sortname|Alida|Tomanič|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miss Slovenije 2023 Je Postala Alida Tomanič|trans-title=Miss Slovenia 2023 is Alida Tomanič|url=https://www.moskisvet.com/erotika/seksi/miss-slovenije-2023_2.html |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924002928/https://www.moskisvet.com/erotika/seksi/miss-slovenije-2023_2.html|archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2023-12-19|work=[[Pro Plus (company)|Moški Svet]]|language=sl}}</ref> || 21 || [[Ptuj]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|SOM}} [[Miss Somalia|Somalia]] || {{sortname|Zainab|Jama|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Khushi|date=29 March 2025|title=Zainab Jama has been crowned Miss World Somalia 2025|url=https://www.dfashionmagazine.com/article-detail.php?id=1586|access-date=16 April 2025|website=dfashionmagazine|archive-date=23 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423032654/https://www.dfashionmagazine.com/article-detail.php?id=1586|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jose|first=Miguel|date=3 April 2025|title=Zainab Jama: A Nova Face da Esperança e Determinação da Somália|trans-title=Zainab Jama: Somalia's New Face of Hope and Determination|url=https://chocolate.co.ao/sociedade/zainab-jama-a-nova-face-da-esperanca-e-determinacao-da-somalia/|work=Chocolate Lifestyle|language=pt|archive-date=25 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425192713/https://chocolate.co.ao/sociedade/zainab-jama-a-nova-face-da-esperanca-e-determinacao-da-somalia/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 23 || [[Mogadishu]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} South Africa || {{sortname|Zoalize|Jansen van Rensburg}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=18-year-old Zoalize Jansen van Rensburg is Miss World South Africa|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2024-10-06-18-year-old-zolalize-van-rensburg-is-miss-world-south-africa/#google_vignette|work=[[Times Live]]|date=6 October 2024|access-date=8 October 2024|language=en|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007142814/https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2024-10-06-18-year-old-zolalize-van-rensburg-is-miss-world-south-africa/#google_vignette|url-status=live}}</ref> || 19 || [[Pretoria]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|SSD}} [[Miss South Sudan|South Sudan]] || {{sortname|Ayom Tito|Mathiec|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 May 2025|title=BEAUTYMeet the Stunning African Beauties Representing the Continent at Miss World 2025|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/05/african-beauty-queens-miss-world-2025/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513211008/https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/05/african-beauty-queens-miss-world-2025/|archive-date=13 May 2025|url-status=live|access-date=20 May 2025|work=[[BellaNaija]]|language=en}}</ref> || 24 || [[Gogrial East County|Gogrial]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Miss Spain|Spain]] || {{sortname|Corina|Mrazek|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-09|title=Así es Corina Mrazek González, la Reina del Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2024|trans-title=This is Corina Mrazek González, the Queen of the 2024 Santa Cruz de Tenerife Carnival.|url=https://www.lasprovinicias.es/sociedad/corina-mrazek-gonzalez-reina-carnaval-santa-cruz-20240209185857-nt.html|access-date=2024-05-08|work=[[Las Provincias]]|language=es|archive-date=8 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508023007/https://www.lasprovincias.es/sociedad/corina-mrazek-gonzalez-reina-carnaval-santa-cruz-20240209185857-nt.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Los Realejos]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|LKA}} [[Miss World Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] || {{sortname|Anudi|Gunasekara}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 March 2025|title=Global advocate for humanity|url=https://island.lk/global-advocate-for-humanity/|access-date=23 April 2025|website=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island Sri Lanka]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423031707/https://island.lk/global-advocate-for-humanity/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 25 || [[Anuradhapura]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|SUR}} [[Miss Suriname|Suriname]] || {{sortname|Chenella|Rozendaal|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 April 2025|title=Miss Suriname 2025 en Miss World Suriname 2025 bezoeken president|trans-title=Miss Suriname 2025 and Miss World Suriname 2025 visit president|url=https://www.surinametimes.com/artikel/miss-suriname-2025-en-miss-world-suriname-2025-bezoeken-president|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[Times of Suriname]]|language=Dutch|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416133106/https://www.surinametimes.com/artikel/miss-suriname-2025-en-miss-world-suriname-2025-bezoeken-president|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Paramaribo]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Miss World Sweden|Sweden]] || {{sortname|Isabelle|Åhs|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 May 2025|title=Isabelle, 20, vill bli präst – och skönhetsdrottning|trans-title=Isabelle, 20, wants to be a priest – and a beauty queen|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/varlden/isabelle-20-vill-bli-prast-och-skonhetsdrottning/|access-date=12 May 2025|work=[[Expressen]]|language=sw|archive-date=9 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509030235/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/varlden/isabelle-20-vill-bli-prast-och-skonhetsdrottning/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 20 || [[Malmö]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Miss Thailand World|Thailand]] || {{sortname|Suchata|Chuangsri}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2025|title=เปิดตัว โอปอล สุชาตา เป็นมิสเวิลด์ไทยแลนด์ 2025 พร้อมชิงมงฟ้ามิสเวิลด์ที่อินเดีย|trans-title=Opal Suchata is Miss World Thailand 2025 and is ready to compete for the Miss World crown in India.|url=https://www.thairath.co.th/entertain/news/2854276|access-date=22 April 2025|website=[[Thairath]]|language=th|archive-date=22 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422085353/https://www.thairath.co.th/entertain/news/2854276|url-status=live}}</ref> || 21 || [[Phuket]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|TGO}} [[:fr:Miss Togo|Togo]] || {{sortname|Nathalie|Yao-Amuama|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2023|title=University Student crowned Miss Togo 2024 |url=https://www.panapress.com/University-Student-crowned-Miss--a_630758417-lang2.html|agency=[[PanaPress|PanAfrican News Agency]]|access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907104927/https://www.panapress.com/University-Student-crowned-Miss--a_630758417-lang2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Lomé]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|TTO}} [[Miss Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]] || {{sortname|Anna-Lise|Nanton|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghouralal |first=Darlisa |date=24 June 2024 |title=Anna-Lise Nanton is T&T's new Miss World representative |url=https://tt.loopnews.com/content/anna-lise-nanton-tts-new-miss-world-representative |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=Loop News |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907105018/https://tt.loopnews.com/content/anna-lise-nanton-tts-new-miss-world-representative |url-status=live }}</ref> || 23 || [[Santa Cruz, Trinidad and Tobago|Santa Cruz]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
|{{flagdeco|TUN}} [[Miss Tunisie|Tunisia]] ||{{sortname|Lamis|Redissi|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Miss Tunisie 2025 : Qui est Lamis Rdissi, la nouvelle étoile de Djerba ?|trans-title=Miss Tunisia 2025: Who is Lamis Rdissi, the new star of Djerba?|url=https://www.tuniscope.com/ar/article/401314/tunisie/actualites/lamis-rdissi-460910|work=[[Tuniscope]]|access-date= 11 March 2025|date=24 February 2025|language=fr|archive-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312135154/https://www.tuniscope.com/ar/article/401314/tunisie/actualites/lamis-rdissi-460910|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Djerba]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Miss Turkey|Turkey]] || {{sortname|İdil|Bilgen|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Merkezi|first1=Haber|last2=Güncelleme|first2=Son|date=30 October 2024|title=Miss Turkey birincisi İdil Bilgen'in son hali tartışma yarattı|trans-title=Miss Turkey winner İdil Bilgen's latest appearance has created controversy|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/n-life/magazin/miss-turkey-birincisi-idil-bilgenin-son-hali-tartisma-yaratti,zFFyiJhJWUiXWhewPbADGQ/TzeqMMlqOkKp2dR8tuxUEw|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[NTV (Turkish TV channel)|NTV Haber]]|language=Turkish|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416104510/https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/n-life/magazin/miss-turkey-birincisi-idil-bilgenin-son-hali-tartisma-yaratti,zFFyiJhJWUiXWhewPbADGQ|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 ||[[Ankara]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Miss Uganda|Uganda]] || {{sortname|Natasha|Nyonyozi|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-04 |title=Natasha Nyoyozi crowned Miss Uganda 2024 |url=https://softpower.ug/natasha-nyonyozi-crowned-miss-uganda-2024/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |work=Soft Power News |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907105434/https://softpower.ug/natasha-nyonyozi-crowned-miss-uganda-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || 23 || [[Kabale]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Miss Ukraine|Ukraine]] || {{sortname|Mariia|Melnychenko|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Levshin|first=Alex|date=6 December 2024|title="Miss Ukraine 2024" is Maria Melnychenko from Kyiv|url=https://kyiv1.com/en/mis-ukraina-2024-kiyanka-mariya-melnichen/|access-date=3 April 2025|website=[[The Kyiv Independent|Kyiv 1]]|language=en|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416161457/https://kyiv1.com/en/mis-ukraina-2024-kiyanka-mariya-melnichen/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 20 || [[Kyiv]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Miss World America|United States]] || {{sortname|Athenna|Crosby|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sadosh|first=Raj|date=19 November 2025|title=Athenna Crosby crowned Miss World America at beauty pageant organised by Punjab-origin couple in US|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/athenna-crosby-crowned-miss-world-america-at-beauty-pageant-organised-by-punjab-origin-couple-in-us/|access-date=4 April 2025|website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]|language=en|archive-date=20 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220020856/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/athenna-crosby-crowned-miss-world-america-at-beauty-pageant-organised-by-punjab-origin-couple-in-us/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 || [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Miss Venezuela|Venezuela]] || {{sortname|Valeria|Cannavò}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-11-25 |title=Conoce a Valeria Cannavo la nueva Miss Venezuela Mundo 2024|trans-title=Meet Valeria Cannavo, the new Miss Venezuela World 2024.|url=https://reporteconfidencial.info/2024/11/25/conoce-a-valeria-cannavo-la-nueva-miss-venezuela-mundo-2024/|access-date=2024-12-09|website=[[Confidencial|Reporte Confidencial]]|language=es|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416162547/https://reporteconfidencial.info/2024/11/25/conoce-a-valeria-cannavo-la-nueva-miss-venezuela-mundo-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 24 || [[Maracay]] || Americas and Caribbean
|-
| {{flagicon|VNM}} [[Miss World Vietnam|Vietnam]] || {{sortname|Ý Nhi|Huỳnh|link=Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 July 2023|title=Huỳnh Trần Ý Nhi đăng quang Hoa hậu Thế giới Việt Nam 2023|trans-title=Huynh Tran Y Nhi crowned Miss World Vietnam 2023|url=https://nld.com.vn/giai-tri/huynh-tran-y-nhi-dang-quang-hoa-hau-the-gioi-viet-nam-2023-20230722230947533.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217040829/https://nld.com.vn/giai-tri/huynh-tran-y-nhi-dang-quang-hoa-hau-the-gioi-viet-nam-2023-20230722230947533.htm|archive-date=17 December 2023|access-date=10 January 2024|website=[[:vi:Người Lao Động (báo)|Người Lao Động]]}}</ref> || 22 || [[Bình Định]] || Asia and Oceania
|-
| {{flagicon|WAL}} [[Miss Wales|Wales]] || {{sortname|Millie-Mae|Adams|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jones|first=John|date=19 April 2023|title=Woman whose alopecia made her afraid to leave her house is crowned Miss Wales|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/woman-alopecia-cardiff-miss-wales-26721252|access-date=16 April 2025|website=[[Wales Online]]|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416104739/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/woman-alopecia-cardiff-miss-wales-26721252|url-status=live}}</ref> || 22 || [[Cardiff]] || Europe
|-
| {{flagdeco|ZMB}} [[Miss Zambia|Zambia]] || {{sortname|Faith|Bwalya|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 April 2025|title=KALULUSHI PRODUCES A MISS UNIVERSE ZAMBIA|url=https://zambianobserver.com/kalulushi-produces-a-miss-universe-zambia/|access-date=21 April 2025|website=The Zambian Observer|language=en}}</ref> || 24 || [[Kitwe]] || Africa
|-
| {{flagicon|ZWE}} [[Miss World Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] || {{sortname|Courtney|Jongwe|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2024 |title=Meet new Miss Zim World |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/meet-new-miss-zim-world/ |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[The Herald News|The Herald]]|archive-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201152010/https://www.herald.co.zw/meet-new-miss-zim-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || 23 || [[Mutare]] || Africa
|}

== Note ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{official website|https://www.missworld.com/}}

{{Miss World}}
{{Miss World countries and territories}}
{{Miss World 2025 delegates}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Miss World]]
[[Category:2025 beauty pageants|World]]
[[Category:2025 in India]]
[[Category:Beauty pageants in India]]

Open Network for Digital Commerce

2026-04-12T02:48:01Z

MYRA: stub

{{Short description|Indian public non-profit organisation}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Open Network for Digital Commerce
| logo = Open Network for Digital Commerce.svg
| logo_caption =
| logo_upright = 
| logo_alt = Open Network for Digital Commerce
| type = Private non-profit [[Non-profit laws of India#Section-8 Company|Section 8]] company<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Asit Ranjan |title=Public non-profit to lead ONDC rollout |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/private-non-profit-company-to-lead-ondc-rollout-in-india-11635248310754.html |access-date=6 July 2022 |publisher=Mint |date=27 October 2021}}</ref>
| industry = [[E-commerce]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2021|12|31|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]] (DPIIT) [[Government of India]]
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = [[India]] 
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* [[Adil Zainulbhai]]
* Anjali Bansal
* Anil Agrawal
* Arvind Gupta
* Dilip Asbe
* Kumar Rajagopalan
* [[Nandan Nilekani]]
* [[Praveen Khandelwal]]
* R. S. Sharma
* Suresh Sethi
}}
| products = Open network for e-commerce
| owner = [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]]
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| website = {{URL|ondc.org}}
}}

'''Open Network for Digital Commerce''' ('''ONDC''') is a [[state-owned]] [[technology]], initiative launched by the [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]] (DPIIT), [[Government of India]] to foster [[decentralized]] open [[e-commerce]] model and is led by a private [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] [[Non-profit laws of India#Section-8 Company|Section 8 company]]. It was incorporated on 31 December 2021 with initial investment from [[Quality Council of India]] and Protean eGov Technologies Limited (formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-25 |title=PNB acquires 6% stake in e-commerce platform ONDC for Rs 10 cr |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/banks/story/pnb-acquires-6-stake-in-e-commerce-platform-ondc-for-rs-10-cr-327276-2022-03-25 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
ONDC is not an application, an intermediary, or software, but a set of specifications designed to foster open interchange and connections between shoppers, technology platforms, and retailers.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last1=Salkever |first1=Alex |last2=Amla |first2=Ismail |last3=Wadhwa |first3=Vivek |date=2 August 2022 |title=Why India could single-handedly shape the future of e-commerce this summer |url=https://fortune.com/2022/08/02/why-india-could-single-handedly-shape-the-future-of-e-commerce-this-summer-vivek-wadhwa-alex-salkever/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> ONDC was incorporated with the mission and vision of creating an inclusive ecosystem of e-commerce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=All About Open Network for Digital Commerce |url=https://ondc.org/about-ondc/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=ONDC {{!}} Open Network for Digital Commerce |language=en}}</ref>

On 5 July 2021, a nine-member Advisory Council was constituted by [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]] (DPIIT). The [[Quality Council of India]] (QCI) was tasked with incubating ONDC using [[open source]] methodologies, open specifications, and [[network protocols]]. It incorporates inventory, logistics, and dispute resolution and plans to cover 25% of domestic digital commerce within two years of launch.<ref name=":11" /> ONDC will unbundle delivery services so that customers can choose their own logistics provider.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett Rylah |first=Juliet |date=7 August 2022 |title=India's new ecommerce system, explained |url=https://thehustle.co/08042022-nba-startup-incubator-2/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=The Hustle}}</ref> Till 26 October 2021, QCI established a team of experts and on-boarded some small and medium size industries as volunteers for project execution while DPIIT approved ₹10 crore as initial investment.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Quality Council of India sets up team of experts to execute proposed ONDC project |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/quality-council-of-india-sets-up-team-of-experts-to-execute-proposed-ondc-project/articleshow/87278449.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>

From November 2021 to March 2022, various public and private sector entities invested [[seed money]] to become early promoters in ONDC. This includes [[Punjab National Bank]] (9.5% for ₹25 crore).<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 2021 |title=PNB to pick up 9.5% stake in Open Network for Digital Commerce |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/pnb-to-pick-up-9-5-stake-in-open-network-for-digital-commerce/articleshow/87987750.cms |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> [[State Bank of India]] (7.84% for ₹10 crore).<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2022 |title=State Bank of India acquires 7.84% stake in Open Network for Digital Commerce for Rs10 crore; Stock up 1% |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/state-bank-of-india-acquires-7-84-stake-in-open-network-for-digital-commerce-for-rs10-crore-stock-up-1-122032300072_1.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=IIFL Securities |language=en}}</ref> [[Axis Bank]] (7.84%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2022 |title=Axis Bank acquires 7.84% stake in Open Network for Digital Commerce; Stock under pressure |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/axis-bank-acquires-7-84-stake-in-open-network-for-digital-commerce-stock-under-pressure-122032400187_1.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=IIFL Securities |language=en}}</ref> [[Kotak Mahindra Bank]] (7.84%).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2022-03-23 |title=Banks Line Up To Invest In Govt's Ecommerce Project! SBI, Kotak, HDFC, Axis Pick Stakes In ONDC |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/banks-line-up-to-invest-in-govts-ecommerce-project-sbi-kotak-axis-pick-stakes-in-ondc/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref> BSE Investments (5.88%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2022 |title=BSE Investments stacks 5.88% stake in Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/bse-investments-stacks-5-88-stake-in-open-network-for-digital-commerce-ondc-122032500216_1.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=IIFL Securities |language=en}}</ref> [[Central Depository Services]] (6.78%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=CDSL acquires 6.78% stake in Open Network for Digital Commerce; stock skids ~1% |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/cdsl-acquires-6-78-stake-in-open-network-for-digital-commerce-stock-skids-1-122032800038_1.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=IIFL Securities |language=en}}</ref> [[ICICI Bank]] (5.97% for ₹10 crore).<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2022 |title=ICICI Bank to buy 10 lakh shares in open network e-commerce platform ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/icici-bank-to-buy-10-lakh-shares-in-open-network-e-commerce-platform-ondc/articleshow/90525628.cms |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> [[Small Industries Development Bank of India]] (7.84% for ₹10 crore).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=26 March 2022 |title=SIDBI acquires stake in ONDC to facilitate market access to MSMEs |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/sidbi-acquires-stake-in-ondc-to-facilitate-market-access-to-msmes/90460472 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=ETRetail |language=en}}</ref> On 23 March 2022, [[Common Service Centres]] (CSC) under [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (MeitY) announced that it will promote ONDC for ecommerce and logictics in rural areas through 3 Lakh Grameen e-Stores.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=23 March 2022 |title=CSC invests in ONDC to promote e-commerce and logistics in rural India – ET Retail |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/csc-invests-in-ondc-to-promote-e-commerce-and-logistics-in-rural-india/90387260 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=ETRetail.com |language=en}}</ref> [[National Payments Corporation of India|National Payment Corporation of India]] (NPCI) and [[National Stock Exchange of India]] (NSE) committed funding for ONDC as promoters.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nandi |first=Shreya |date=2021-11-22 |title=SBI, NPCI, NSE likely promoters of 'open' e-platform for retailers |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sbi-npci-nse-likely-promoters-of-open-e-platform-for-retailers-121112200015_1.html |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref> On 31 August 2022, [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] and [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) cleared NPCI to acquire 10% stake at ONDC by investing ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ritu |date=2022-08-31 |title=NPCI cleared to acquire 10% stake in e-commerce network ONDC |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/npci-ondc-approval-to-buy-10-percent-stake-14624901.htm |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Digbijay |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Pranav |date=1 September 2022 |title=Exclusive: NPCI set to pick up 9–10% stake in government's e-commerce project ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/npci-set-to-pick-up-9-10-stake-in-governments-e-commerce-project-ondc/articleshow/93888263.cms |access-date=2022-09-01}}</ref> [[Bank of India]] acquired 5.56% stake by investing ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2022 |title=Bank of India acquires over 5.5 per cent stake in ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/bank-of-india-acquires-over-5-5-per-cent-stake-in-ondc/articleshow/94489131.cms |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref>

As of July 2022, more than 20 organisations have committed {{INRconvert|255|c}} in investment to the project, including [[UCO Bank]] and [[HDFC Bank]]. [[Bank of Baroda]] etc.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=India launches pilot phase of open network for digital commerce, ONDC aims to democratise e-commerce |url=https://theprint.in/india/india-launches-pilot-phase-of-open-network-for-digital-commerce-ondc-aims-to-democratise-e-commerce/936742/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=India launches pilot phase of UPI-type protocol ONDC in 5 cities |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/india-launches-pilot-phase-of-upi-type-protocol-ondc-in-5-cities-331880-2022-04-29 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Business Today |date=29 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> HDFC Bank acquired 7.84% stake of ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=HDFC Bank joins other lenders; acquires 7.84% stake in ONDC |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/hdfc-bank-joins-other-lenders-acquires-784-stake-in-ondc-327055-2022-03-23 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> In April, ONDC had received ₹157.5 crore for the first stage of the project from 17 banks and financial institutions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=D'Souza |first=Sharleen |date=2022-04-07 |title=E-commerce platform ONDC gets fund infusion of Rs 157.5 cr, more to follow |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/e-commerce-platform-ondc-gets-fund-infusion-of-rs-157-5-cr-more-to-follow-122040700037_1.html |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> For the pilot project, eSamudaay will help in dealing with consumer facing interface, Gofrugal Technologies supplied [[enterprise resource planning]] software, GrowthFalcons for [[digital marketing]] and SellerApp will help sellers with automation and provide digital insight on sales.<ref name=":4" /> On 9 August 2022, [[SIDBI]] signed [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) with ONDC to bring small industries on the network.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bora |first=Garima |date=9 August 2022 |title=SIDBI, ONDC ink MoU to accelerate e-commerce for small industries |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/sidbi-ondc-ink-mou-to-accelerate-e-commerce-for-small-industries/articleshow/93448554.cms |access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> To make the transition to ONDC easier, Yes Bank is working with SellerApp for business enterprise customers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 August 2022 |title=Yes Bank partners with SellerApp to facilitate adoption of ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/yes-bank-partners-with-sellerapp-to-facilitate-adoption-of-ondc/articleshow/93536617.cms |access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref>

As per Nandan Nilekani, the Account Aggregator Network (AAN) will work alongside ONDC which will allow everyone in the supply chain to access formal credit in an efficient manner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=16 August 2022 |title=Account aggregator and ONDC will together make supply chain more efficient: Nandan Nilekani |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/account-aggregator-and-ondc-will-together-make-supply-chain-more-efficient-nandan-nilekani-9034391.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Know all about Account Aggregator Network- a financial data-sharing system |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1753713 |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Finance |access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref> ONDC signed MoU with Jammu and Kashmir Trade Promotion Organization (JKTPO) on 25 August 2022 to increase eCommerce adaptation in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Ankita |date=25 August 2022 |title=ONDC inks MoU with J&K's trade promotion body to boost e-commerce adoption in UT |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/msme-eodb-ondc-inks-mou-with-jks-trade-promotion-body-to-boost-e-commerce-adoption-in-ut/2644307/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> Union government is planning to integrate One District One Product scheme with ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-29 |title=One District One Product initiative should be integrated with ONDC: Goyal |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/one-district-one-product-initiative-should-be-integrated-with-ondc-goyal/article65827261.ece |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref> [[IDFC First Bank]] joined ONDC on 8 September 2022 and will push its current account holders to use the network for business transaction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goenka |first=Tushar |date=8 September 2022 |title=IDFC on board, ONDC set for Bengaluru launch |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/banking-finance/idfc-on-board-ondc-set-for-bengaluru-launch/2658900/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> During talks at [[Stanford University]], [[Piyush Goyal]] clarified that through ONDC India is interested in creating multiple unicorns instead of few trillion dollar eCommerce companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Saurabh |date=7 September 2022 |title=Open network for digital commerce to bring mom & pop stores in the works: Piyush Goyal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/open-network-for-digital-commerce-to-bring-mom-pop-stores-in-the-works-piyush-goyal/articleshow/94038979.cms |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> ONDC signed MoU with [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] on 22 November 2022 to increase local adoption, sprint programming and software development.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=22 November 2022 |title=ONDC to sign MoU with MP government on Tuesday |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-to-sign-mou-with-mp-government-on-tuesday/articleshow/95677085.cms |access-date=2022-11-22}}</ref> ONDC will incorporate mobility, hospitality and travel sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ambwani |first1=Meenakshi Verma |last2=Sen |first2=Amiti |date=2022-12-13 |title=ONDC may cover mobility, hospitality and travel sectors |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/ondc-govt-working-on-bringing-in-mobility-hospitality-travel-sectors/article66259125.ece |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref>

As per [[McKinsey & Company]], by 2030, ONDC has the potential to increase digital consumption in India by $340 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-26 |title=ONDC likely to increase digital consumption to $340 billion by 2030: Report |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-likely-to-increase-digital-consumption-to-340-billion-by-2030-report/articleshow/99769360.cms |access-date=2023-04-27 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> On 6 August 2024, [[Government of Nagaland]] and ONDC signed MoU for supporting digital sales of small companies, farmers, craftsmen, and entrepreneurs. Ilandlo Services has been appointed as the nodal agency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambrocia |first=Medolenuo |date=2024-08-07 |title=Nagaland govt partners with ONDC to boost digital commerce |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/nagaland/2024/08/07/nagaland-govt-partners-with-ondc-to-boost-digital-commerce/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== DigiReady Certification ===
The DigiReady Certification portal was launched on 8 February 2024, as announced by ONDC and the Quality Council of India. Through the use of this online self-assessment tool, [[small and medium-sized enterprises]] can determine how well-equipped they are to join the ONDC platform as vendors. The certification procedure assesses a number of digital readiness factors, such as the availability of the paperwork required for online operations, the user's familiarity with software and technology, the ability to integrate with current digital processes, and the effectiveness of order and catalog management. Participants will receive an e-certificate designating their company as DigiReady to onboard one of the network seller partners upon satisfactorily answering all critical questions. Anyone who answers a question wrong will be sent to a hand-holding tool to help them become more proficient in the appropriate module so they can answer questions correctly. Seller Applications will contact entities to make the on-boarding process easier for them when they are DigiReady and give their permission.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-02-08 |title=QCI in collaboration with ONDC launches DigiReady certification portal for small retailers |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/qci-in-collaboration-with-ondc-launches-digiready-certification-portal-for-small-retailers-1503267855.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

=== Build for Bharat hackathon ===
The ONDC distributed equity capital of up to $250,000 for [[Antler (venture capital firm)|Antler]] as part of the initiative. Additionally, teams that can devise original solutions to challenging business issues in the nation's e-commerce environment will receive $100,000 in Google Cloud credits. There were 27,000 participants in all, including businesses, startups, and academic institutions from all around India.

In cooperation with the Startup India platform, [[Google Cloud Platform|Google Cloud]], Antler, Protean, and [[Paytm]], the program was launched in December 2023. With experts, leaders, venture capitalists, and incubators present, it was held in over 50 cities. On 28 June 2024, the hackathon's second edition was introduced in three categories: foundation solutions, scalable solutions, and next-generation initiatives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-30 |title=$250K funding for ONDC hackathon topper firms |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/250k-funding-for-ondc-hackathon-topper-firms/articleshow/110505624.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Reference application ===
On September 11, 2024, ONDC and [[Bhashini]] jointly released Saarthi, a reference application meant to help companies build their own unique buyer-side applications. Saarthi helps ONDC network users create buyer apps with [[Multilingualism|multilingual functionality]]. The app currently supports [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. The intention is to eventually support all [[Languages of India|22 languages]]. Saarthi's [[speech recognition]], [[transliteration]], and real-time [[AI]]-driven [[translation]] capabilities help businesses reach a wider audience, penetrate new markets, and attract more clients. Regular security upgrades for Saarthi were promised by ONDC. Scalability and simplicity of integration are key design considerations for the Saarthi reference application.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vishwakarma |first=Sumit |title=Indian govt-backed ONDC introduces Saarthi reference app for businesses to create multilingual buyer apps |url=https://indianstartupnews.com/news/indian-govt-backed-ondc-introduces-saarthi-reference-app-for-businesses-to-create-multilingual-buyer-apps-7061146 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=indianstartupnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-09-11 |title=ONDC launches Saarthi reference app with for businesses to create multilingual buyer apps |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/ondc-launches-saarthi-reference-app-for-businesses-to-create-multilingual-buyer-apps/article68629225.ece |access-date=2024-09-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Pilot phases==
The pilot phase was launched on 29 April 2022 in five cities; [[New Delhi]], [[Bangalore]], [[Bhopal]], [[Shillong]] and [[Coimbatore]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-29 |title=India launches pilot phase of open network for digital commerce, ONDC aims to democratise e-commerce |work=ANI |agency=ANI |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-launches-pilot-phase-of-open-network-for-digital-commerce-ondc-aims-to-democratise-e-commerce20220429225246/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601124203/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-launches-pilot-phase-of-open-network-for-digital-commerce-ondc-aims-to-democratise-e-commerce20220429225246/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> In April, Bengaluru based Woolly Farms received an order from buyer application Paytm. This was the first transaction on ONDC.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Meghani |first=Varsha |date=8 August 2022 |title=ONDC Goes Live Later This Month. What Will It Take For It To Succeed? |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/ondc-goes-live-later-this-month-what-will-it-take-for-it-to-succeed/78789/1 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>

Restaurant management platform Petpooja partnered with marketing agency GrowthFalcons to onboard [[Food and Beverage|food and beverage]] brands on ONDC network. They help restaurants with discovery and demand analytics. On 5 May 2022, GrowthFalcons, Paytm and logistics company LoadShare successfully completed the first live cascaded transaction on ONDC. The delivery happened on Petpooja [[point of sale]] (PoS) terminal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2022 |title=Petpooja and GrowthFalcons join hands to seamlessly onboard restaurants onto the ONDC for Digital Commerce |url=https://www.hotelierindia.com/business/petpooja-and-growthfalcons-join-hands-to-seamlessly-onboard-restaurants-onto-the-ondc-for-digital-commerce |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=Hotelier India}}</ref>

By August 2022 all systems will become operational. ONDC will start servicing 100 cities and will also open for wider public use in Bengaluru, New Delhi, Coimbatore, Bhopal and Shillong where pilot projects are ongoing. By the end of 2022, ONDC will go live at national level covering the entire country.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Digbijay |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Pranav |date=12 May 2022 |title=Flipkart, RIL, Amazon may join India's open ecommerce network ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/flipkart-ril-amazon-may-join-ondc/articleshow/91500926.cms |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> ONDC expanded to [[Noida]], [[Faridabad]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bijnor]], [[Bhopal]], [[Chhindwara]], [[Kolkata]], [[Pune]], [[Chennai]], [[Kannur]], [[Thrissur]], [[Udupi]], [[Kanchipuram|Kanchipura]], [[Pollachi]], [[Mannar, Alappuzha|Mannar]] and [[Ramanathapuram|Ramnathpuram]] on 18 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=D'Souza |first=Sharleen |date=2022-07-18 |title=ONDC adds 15 more cities, onboards Snapdeal for pan-Indian access |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/ondc-adds-15-more-cities-onboards-snapdeal-for-pan-indian-access-122071801339_1.html |access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref>

ONDC activated ecommerce in agriculture domain on 20 June 2022 with [[National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development]] (NABARD). ONDC is attempting to integrate all [[Agri-tech]] and Non Agri-tech ecommerce platforms into common network while these companies build solutions that can further accelerate the adoption and establish market linkage for Farmer Producer Organizations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=20 June 2022 |title=ONDC partners with NABARD to activate e-commerce in agri tech |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-partners-with-nabard-to-activate-e-commerce-in-agri-tech/articleshow/92322805.cms |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref>

[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] started actively promoting [[One District One Product]] (ODOP) scheme on ONDC. DPIIT will initiate integration of [[Union government ministries of India|Union Government Ministries]] and various departments under State Governments with ONDC. The platform will try to rectify issues registered with National Consumer Helpline like delivery of wrong, defective, damaged goods, non-delivery or delayed delivery, failed refunds or violation of service agreements.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=24 June 2022 |title=Piyush Goyal chairs ONDC advisory council meeting |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/piyush-goyal-chairs-ondc-advisory-council-meeting/articleshow/92425219.cms |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref> Government is planning to leverage the incubators under Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS) to build applications for ONDC with [[vernacular language]] support for greater accessibility.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2022-06-24 |title=Seven Companies Have Built ONDC-Compatible Apps So Far: Government |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/seven-companies-have-built-ondc-compatible-apps-so-far-government/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref> ONDC restricted referral commission of sending a buyer to a shopper at 3% compare to 30% in major eCommerce platforms.<ref name=":11" />

From 21 cities, the pilot phase moved to 51 cities by third week of August. [[The Economic Times]] reported that ONDC is facing teething troubles with respect to address and geolocation [[API]]s. From September, Bengaluru will become the first city to get all user access.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Variyar |first=Mugdha |date=16 August 2022 |title=Is ONDC ready to go live? Operational issues, legacy woes could mar its launch |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/technology-and-startups/is-ondc-ready-to-go-live-operational-issues-legacy-woes-could-mar-its-launch/primearticleshow/93528012.cms |access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref> By 2024, ONDC is planning to bring 3 [[crore]] sellers and 30 crore shoppers on the network.<ref name=":12" /> On 31 August 2022, government announced that ONDC will move to beta-testing phase for general public.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suneja |first=Kirtika |date=31 August 2022 |title=ONDC to start beta-testing with public users |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/ondc-to-start-beta-testing-the-network-with-public-users/articleshow/93885948.cms |access-date=2022-09-01}}</ref> ONDC will charge fee from sellers for maintenance and development of the network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Shouvik |date=2022-12-16 |title=ONDC to charge 'small fee' from platforms after growth period: Koshy |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ondc-to-charge-small-fee-from-platforms-after-growth-period-koshy-11671199743810.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

By allowing the integration of CSC's e-Grameen app on the ONDC network as a buyer application, [[Common Services Centers]] (CSCs), under the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (MEitY), have teamed with the ONDC to make e-commerce accessible to rural communities. During the initial stage, CSC will function as a buyer-side platform, enabling citizens who visit the center to place orders using the e-Grameen app. The sellers who have registered on the CSC platform will be able to accept orders over the ONDC network during the second phase.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=14 February 2024 |title=CSC partners with ONDC to make e-commerce accessible to rural India - ET Retail |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/csc-partners-with-ondc-to-make-e-commerce-accessible-to-rural-india/107696098 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=ETRetail.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Public Distribution System ===
{{Main|Public Distribution System (India)}}
In [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]] started a pilot program to add [[Public Distribution System (India)#Fair price shop (FPS)|fair price stores]] to ONDC. The program is being funded as a pilot by the Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD) in collaboration with nStore, a technology partner, and MicroSave, a company that offers fair price shops assistance. On 6 February 2024, the first order was placed at 11 fair price stores to kick off the experimental program. The pilot helps fair price stores boost their usage and income from market goods while also giving customers in rural areas access to groceries and other necessities through ONDC. Fair pricing shops on ONDC now provide household groceries that were previously only available at regular [[kirana store]]s. These products are available for purchase using ONDC buyer apps, such as [[Paytm]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=2024-02-08 |title=Government launches pilot in Himachal Pradesh to onboard fair price shops on ONDC |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/government-launches-pilot-in-himachal-pradesh-to-onboard-fair-price-shops-on-ondc/articleshow/107503345.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The National Cooperative Consumers' Federation (NCCF) operates fair price stores all over India. Other states will follow suit with the trial project's success.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Dhirendra |last2=Das |first2=Puja |date=2024-02-07 |title=Govt lists fair price shops on ONDC |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/retail/govt-lists-fair-price-shops-on-ondc-11707300595377.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

=== Public beta ===
The public beta was rolled out on 30 September 2022 in [[Bangalore Urban district]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2022 |title=Govt launches ONDC, an alternative to Flipkart & Amazon, in Bengaluru |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/bengaluru-news/govt-launches-ondc-an-alternative-to-flipkart-amazon-in-bengaluru/articleshow/94555689.cms |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref> On the first day, LoadShare processed 100 orders. Paytm app faced issue over missing order option. There is also one order cancellation from merchant side.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goenka |first=Tushar |date=1 October 2022 |title=Day One of ONDC: Largely a hit and a few misses |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/day-one-of-ondc-largely-a-hit-and-a-few-misses/2697186/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> As per government, ONDC will charge 8–10% of the selling price of the product compare to 18–40% charged by Amazon and Flipkart. The commission rate is not fixed and will be decided by market forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Dipak |date=4 October 2022 |title=ONDC to charge retailers one-fourth of Amazon, Flipkart |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2022/oct/04/ondc-to-chargeretailers-one-fourthof-amazon-flipkart-2504764.html |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Small retailers are also less to fear that the platform will open [[dark store]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nahata |first=Pallavi |date=4 October 2022 |title=Tried ONDC Yet? No? We Did It For You! |url=https://www.bqprime.com/business/tried-ondc-yet-no-we-did-it-for-you |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=BQ Prime |language=en}}</ref> Restaurants will have access to customer data.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Dipak |date=6 October 2022 |title=Restaurants on ONDC to have access to data of customers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2022/oct/06/restaurants-on-ondc-to-have-access-to-data-of-customers-2505290.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> From 15 October 2022, ONDC initiated outreach program for restaurants and cloud kitchens in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-15 |title=ONDC starts outreach to restaurants, cloud kitchens |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ondc-starts-outreach-to-restaurants-cloud-kitchens/article66010059.ece |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref> From December 2022, public beta will rollout in Delhi and Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathi |first=Sarvesh |date=2022-11-14 |title=ONDC to go live in Delhi and Mumbai this month, two months after beta testing in Bangalore |url=https://www.medianama.com/2022/11/223-ondc-beta-testing-delhi-mumbai-bangalore/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=MediaNama |language=en-US}}</ref>

From March 2023, ONDC will start network-wide scoring of sellers. This network-wide rating will include elements of feedback regarding transactions and performance of the sellers including the extent of grievance resolution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambwani |first=Meenakshi Verma |date=2022-12-31 |title=ONDC to introduce network-wide scoring of sellers, add 7–8 new categories |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/ondc-plans-to-introduce-network-wide-scoring-of-sellers-add-7-8-new-categories/article66324520.ece |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref> As of 16 January 2023, ONDC completed 4,000 successful transactions as part of beta testing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Monika |date=16 January 2023 |title=Government-backed ONDC completes 4,000 successful transactions |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2023/jan/16/government-backed-ondc-completes-4000-successful-transactions-2538250.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> NPCI [[Bharat Bill Payment System]] launched NOCS platform that will provide reconciliation and settlement services for ONDC transactions. It will be integrated with banks, fintechs and e-commerce players. Initially it will go live with [[AU Small Finance Bank]], [[Axis Bank]], [[HDFC Bank]], [[IDFC First Bank]], and [[Yes Bank|YES Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-25 |title=NPCI Bharat BillPay launches NOCS platform to process ONDC transactions |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/npcis-bharat-billpay-launches-nocs-platform-to-process-ondc-transactions/article66777279.ece |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Businessline.com |language=en}}</ref> During [[Diwali]] week, ONDC recorded nearly 1.2 million transactions from 6 November to 13 November 2023 across 600+ cities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=ONDC clocks 1.2 million transactions during Diwali week |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/entrepreneurship/start-up/story/ondc-clocks-12-million-transactions-during-diwali-week-406132-2023-11-17 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> In December 2023, ONDC touched 5.5 million transactions in a month of which 2.1 million is from retail category while 3.4 million from mobility category. Retail purchase has grown from 1,281 in January 2023 to 2.1 million in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2024-01-04 |title=ONDC crosses 5 million transactions in a month for the first time in December |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/ondc-crosses-5-million-transactions-in-a-month-for-the-first-time-in-december-11997771.html |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

In an attempt to guarantee that consumers and sellers reap the benefits and that a strong e-commerce ecosystem is constructed to endure any disturbance in the physical market, the Indian government has started a feasibility study to integrate all of its associated platforms with ONDC. A test of this kind involves combining [[E-NAM]] with ONDC for agricultural commodities.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mishra |first1=Prabhudatta |last2=Ambwani |first2=Meenakshi Verma |date=2024-01-26 |title=Govt conducting feasibility study on integrating e-NAM with ONDC |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/govt-conducting-feasibility-study-on-integrating-e-nam-with-ondc/article67780068.ece |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

Over 59,000 of the 2.3 lakh sellers and service providers that have been on-boarded by different seller platforms are food and beverage suppliers, according to [[Som Parkash]], Minister of State for [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Commerce and Industry]]. In order to educate its members about the advantages of the ONDC platform, ONDC collaborates closely with the [[National Restaurant Association of India]] (NRAI) and the Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI). In addition, ONDC is actively collaborating with the [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises]] to connect MSME-Mart, which has over 2 lakh MSMEs, with ONDC and to onboard MSMEs to the network through current seller applications. The "Feet on Street" initiative by ONDC assists Network Participants (NPs) in locating and instructing vendors regarding the advantages of ONDC and the process of joining through seller applications. It also provides handholding support to sellers during the onboarding process and in developing an entry-level basic catalogue. An additional project is the ONDC Academy, a collection of instructive and enlightening textual and video content that offers curated learning experiences, best practices, and advice for every member of the ONDC network to have a successful e-commerce journey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=P Krishna |date=12 December 2023 |title=Food and beverage sellers comprise over 25 percent of ONDC - ET HospitalityWorld |url=https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/operations/food-and-beverages/food-and-beverage-sellers-comprise-over-25-percent-of-ondc/105922114 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=ETHospitalityWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2024, ONDC fulfilled over 7.1 million orders in total. ONDC exceeded 6.75 million cumulative orders in January 2024. Of them, 3.56 million (or 52.8%) were orders related to mobility, and 3.19 million (or 47.2%) were non-mobility orders. Currently, over 370,000 vendors and service providers use ONDC. More than 800 cities have seen transaction fulfillment from ONDC. Additionally, ONDC has started a pilot program to onboard street food sellers in [[Lucknow]] and [[Delhi]]. 500 street food vendors will be added to the system in each of these cities, and more seller and buyer apps will be added as part of a national rollout.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=2024-03-05 |title=ONDC completes more than 7.1 million cumulative orders in February since inception a year ago |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-completes-more-than-7-1-million-cumulative-orders-in-february-since-inception-a-year-ago/articleshow/108214156.cms |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> 8.9 million transactions were made in the retail and ride-hailing divisions, according to ONDC, which also saw a 23% increase in total transaction volume month over month. The retail category saw a record-breaking 200,000 retail transactions in a single day in May 2024, with 5 million orders placed, up from 3.59 million in April 2024. With 630,000 orders in the home and kitchen category, 330,000 orders in fashion, and 2 million orders in other retail subcategories, the grocery and food delivery categories each surpassed the one million order threshold for the first time. The food category made up only 20% of all retail orders, down from 76% in the previous year. In terms of Network orders, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra continued to be the top three states. Bihar recorded a 42% increase in orders, while Uttar Pradesh saw nearly twice as many.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-04 |title=ONDC Network records 5 million retail orders in May 2024 |url=https://www.indiaretailing.com/2024/06/04/ondc-network-records-5-million-retail-orders-in-may-2024/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Retailing |language=English}}</ref>

Compared to 12.90 million transactions in September 2024, ONDC saw a 7.6 percent increase to 14 million transactions in the month of October 2024. 5.5 million came from the mobility category and 8.4 million from the non-mobility category. These numbers have increased by 10% and 7.6%, respectively. Groceries generated almost one million transactions, while the food and beverage category made the largest contribution in the non-mobility space with two million. The fashion section has recorded 11 million transactions, compared to 9 million in September. In October 2023, ONDC recorded just 4.5 million transactions, but year-over-year, its transactions have increased by 200 percent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhavya |first=Dilipkumar |date=5 November 2024 |title=ONDC records 14 mn transactions in Oct, marks 7.6% rise during festive season |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/ondc-records-14-mn-transactions-in-oct-marks-7-6-rise-during-festive-season-12858162.html |access-date=9 November 2024 |work=moneycontrol.com}}</ref>

=== B2B e-commerce ===
{{Main|B2B e-commerce}}
ONDC will start testing B2B commerce<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=ONDC launches B2B trade on its platform, now merchants can engage with other businesses |url=http://ondc.org/blog/ondc-launches-b2b-trade-on-its-platform-now-merchants-can-engage-with-other-businesses/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=ONDC {{!}} Open Network for Digital Commerce |language=en}}</ref> from December 2022. Network participants initiated ONDC process integration from November.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Binu |date=17 November 2022 |title=ONDC set to launch B2B testing |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/ondc-set-to-launch-b2b-testing/2823969/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== ONDC Advisory Council ==
The primary role of the advisory council is to watch over ONDC implementation in the country. The members were selected based on their experience in fields such as technology, finance, commerce etc. Members included [[Nandan Nilekani]] co-founder of [[Infosys]], Anjali Bansal founder of Avaana Capital, R S Sharma Chief Executive Office [[National Health Authority]], [[Adil Zainulbhai]] Chairman of [[Quality Council of India]] and Capacity Building Commission, Arvind Gupta Co-founder and Head of Digital India Foundation, Dilip Asbe Managing Director and chief executive officer at [[National Payments Corporation of India|National Payment Corporation of India]], Suresh Sethi Managing Director and chief executive officer at [[National Securities Depository Limited]], [[Praveen Khandelwal]] Secretary-General of Confederation of All India Traders and Kumar Rajagopalan Chief Executive Office at [[Retailers Association of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-07-05 |title=Government sets up Advisory Council for ONDC project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/government-sets-up-advisory-council-for-ondc-project/article35153498.ece |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref> Convener of the ONDC Advisory Council is Anil Agrawal Additional Secretary from Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade under [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Balakrishnan |first=Pranav |date=24 June 2022 |title=ONDC should be made available in regional languages: Piyush Goyal |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-should-be-made-available-in-regional-languages-piyush-goyal/articleshow/92438064.cms |access-date=2022-06-25}}</ref> Some of the members are volunteers of [[ISPIRT]].<ref name=":10" /> Supriyo Ghosh is the chief architect behind ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Zinnia |date=2022-07-29 |title=Data Democratisation steals the show at ThoughtWorks XConf 2022 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/data-democratisation-steals-the-show-at-thoughtworks-xconf-2022/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

As per ONDC Advisory Council, a total of seven apps that include one from buyer side, five from seller side and one from logistics service provider side completed cascaded transactions in the pilot phase for grocery, food and beverage segment using Beckn Protocol as of 23 June 2022 in all the five cities. ONDC Advisory Council tasked to increase awareness and initiate a pilot phase among offline traders, handicraft artisans to prioritise their on-boarding.<ref name=":7" /> From 24 June 2022, ONDC Advisory Council started working on network expansion, governance and upgrade for the platform before nationwide rollout.<ref name=":9" />

==Objectives==
The major objectives include:
* ending monopolies of the platforms<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shri Piyush Goyal chaired Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1745611 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
* democratisation<ref name=":0" /> and decentralisation<ref name=":3" />
* digitisation of the value chain<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Arpit |date=2022-03-27 |title=ETGovernment Explained: What is Open Network Digital Commerce and how it enables MSMEs to sell worldwide |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/etgovernment-explained-what-is-open-network-digital-commerce-and-how-it-enables-msmes-to-sell-worldwide/90285553 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=}}</ref>
* standardisation of operations<ref name=":3" />
* inclusivity and access for sellers, especially small and medium enterprises as well as local businesses<ref name=":3" />
* increased efficiency in logistics<ref name=":3" />
* more choices and independency for consumers<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Open Network For Digital Commerce (ONDC), The UPI For E-Commerce Explained, In Photos |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/tech/open-network-for-digital-commerce-ondc-the-upi-for-e-commerce-explained-in-photos-5186743.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* ensured data privacy and confidentiality<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suneja |first=Kirtika |title=ONDC to end e-commerce monopolistic practices, ensure data privacy: Piyush Goyal |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/ondc-to-end-e-commerce-monopolistic-practices-ensure-data-privacy-piyush-goyal/articleshow/85311138.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>
* decreased cost of operation<ref name=":5" />

It is compared to [[Unified Payments Interface]] (UPI).<ref name=":5"/>

==Structure==
The ONDC uses "free softwared methodology, open specifications and open network protocol".<ref>{{Cite web |title=ONDC Project |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1814143 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> On the ONDC, the consumers and merchants can transact goods and services independent of platform or application.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-14 |title=ONDC: All you need to know about govt initiative challenging Amazon, Flipkart |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/ondc-all-you-need-to-know-about-govt-initiative-challenging-amazon-flipkart-101628923518020.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Beckn will provide the technology and specification layer on which ONDC will design the network policies, network trust, network grievance handling and network reputation system.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Pramod |date=4 May 2022 |title=Centralized platforms to decentralized networks, Enabling equitable market access and trust |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2022/04/20/-centralized-platforms-to-decentralized-networks-enabling-equitable-market-access-and-trust |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> ONDC plans on implementing dynamic pricing model, digitised inventory management and optimise the delivery cost to help reduce cost of doing business for everyone on the platform.<ref name="Choudhury">{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=1 June 2022 |title=Exclusive {{!}} ITC, Unilever, Dabur in talks with ONDC; Shopify may join too |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/exclusive-itc-unilever-dabur-in-talks-to-join-ondc-shopify-may-come-on-board-too-8619761.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> ONDC will work on a hyper local search engine model based on GPS proximity data as default setting. The buyer can independently select the seller and logistics partner to complete the order.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=John |date=27 June 2022 |title=ONDC eyes hyperlocal search engine model |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ondc-eyes-hyperlocal-search-engine-model/articleshow/92480333.cms |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Beckn Protocol ===
The [[Backend (computing)|backend]] of the ONDC is built on Beckn Protocol, an [[Open standard|open and interoperable protocol]] for [[Decentralisation |decentralised]] digital commerce. Beckn Gateways provides anonymised aggregated data generated from the network. The interoperability achieved by unbundling the packet transmission layer from the experience layer enables the core of commercial transactions — such as discovery, order booking, payment, delivery, and fulfilment — to occur in a standardised manner. It can be customised to the customer's and provider's requirements using a modular approach.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vardhan |first=Jai |date=2020-08-05 |title=Nandan Nilekani launches UPI-like backend for mobility and commerce through Beckn |url=https://entrackr.com/2020/08/nandan-nilekani-launches-beckn/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Entrackr |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthan |first=Rahul |date=2020-08-18 |title=The internet could regain the openness envisioned for it |url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/the-internet-could-regain-the-openness-envisioned-for-it-11597762508989.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Beckn is not ecommerce specific and can be used in other area of digital public infrastructure like healthcare, mobility etc.<ref name=":11" />

Nandan Nilekani, Pramod Varma and Sujith Nair developed Beckn Protocol in partnership with [[ISPIRT]].<ref name=":10" /> The project is supported by Beckn Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananth |first=Venkat |date=15 August 2020 |title=A Bengaluru venture wants to replicate UPI's success in mobility, ecomm |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/a-bengaluru-venture-wants-to-replicate-upis-success-in-mobility-ecomm/articleshow/77566009.cms |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Sunil |date=21 May 2022 |title=The West created monopolies, we democratised data: Nandan Nilekani, co-founder, Infosys |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/the-west-created-monopolies-we-democratised-data-nandan-nilekani-co-founder-infosys/2225178/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> Beckn brand is owned by Open Shared Mobility Foundation in which Nandan Nilekani is the sole investor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vardhan |first=Jai |date=2020-08-05 |title=Exclusive: Nandan Nilekani launches UPI-like backend for mobility and commerce through Beckn |url=https://entrackr.com/2020/08/nandan-nilekani-launches-beckn/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Entrackr |language=en-US}}</ref> It facilitates the third layer of public digital infrastructure that is the digital transaction layer in an open digital ecosystem. This helps promote market competition and regulate anti-competitive behaviour. The development came after US standard bodies failed to set new standards, leaving it to [[Big Tech]] companies to solve the issue. Beckn Protocol is a substitute for, and compatible with, similar protocols developed by the US that are in use globally for transactions and for sending information between computers. The success of [[Unified Payments Interface|UPI]] gave further impetus to developing a more open-source ecosystem at the national scale in other areas.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Chaudhuri |first=Zinnia Ray |date=2022-06-25 |title='All about helping Rajni' — tech gurus at iSPIRT quietly power India's digital revolution |url=https://theprint.in/india/all-about-helping-rajni-tech-gurus-at-ispirt-quietly-power-indias-digital-revolution/1007652/ |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathi |first=Sarvesh |date=2022-01-13 |title=Why do we need ONDC and other open protocols? Beckn co-founder Pramod Varma answers |url=https://www.medianama.com/2022/01/223-open-digital-protocols-beckn-pramod-varma/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=MediaNama |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Industry Working Group ===
[[Microsoft]] and [[Oracle Corporation]] are exploring a partnership to supply technology solutions that can enhance the ONDC base network and help companies scale up their operations. They are part of an industry working group developing a buyers, sellers, and logistics provider registry, a network reputation index, and an online dispute resolution framework. To ease the onboarding process, Microsoft started providing a seller toolkit. Oracle is designing a neutral, transparent reputation index for sellers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=23 June 2022 |title=ONDC sets up industry working groups to create building blocks for base network |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-sets-up-industry-working-groups-to-create-building-blocks-for-base-network/articleshow/92393766.cms |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Amazon is working with ONDC to digitise [[Kirana store]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mundhra |first=Laxitha |date=2022-06-27 |title=Amazon India's Manish Tiwary Calls ONDC 'A Fascinating Idea' |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/amazon-indias-manish-tiwary-calls-ondc-a-fascinating-idea/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Inc42 |language=en}}</ref> [[Sequoia Capital]], [[SoftBank Group]] and Indian Venture Capital Association started pushing [[Portfolio company|portfolio companies]] they invested in to actively take part in ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Digbijay |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Pranav |date=20 July 2022 |title=SoftBank, Sequoia, other VCs push ONDC to portfolio firms |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/softbank-other-tech-investors-push-ondc-cart-to-portfolio-firms/articleshow/92987995.cms |access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref>

Microsoft announced that it will join ONDC to introduce [[social commerce]] in India and will also launch a shopping app for buyers to help them with price discovery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahaskar |first=Abhijit |date=2022-08-09 |title=Microsoft joins ONDC network, to launch a shopping app in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/microsoft-joins-ondc-network-to-launch-a-shopping-app-in-india-11660037404466.html |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> From August 2022 to January 2024, [[PhonePe]] will invest $15 million in developing an e-commerce platform on the network.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Digbijay |last2=Bhalla |first2=Tarush |date=17 August 2022 |title=How PhonePe is sharpening its ecommerce ambitions as it breaks away from Flipkart |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/how-phonepe-is-sharpening-its-e-commerce-ambitions-as-it-breaks-away-from-flipkart/articleshow/93601216.cms |access-date=2022-08-18}}</ref> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] is exploring how to integrate with the network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Vidya |date=2022-09-14 |title=Amazon India is working closely with govt-backed e-platform ONDC, says company's top exec |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/story/amazon-india-is-working-closely-with-govt-backed-e-platform-ondc-says-companys-top-exec-347220-2022-09-14 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> [[Zoho Corporation]] will provide technical support and facilitate live chat among buyers and sellers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goenka |first=Tushar |date=27 October 2022 |title=Zoho to power tech for ONDC, likely to provide live chat too |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/zoho-to-power-tech-for-ondc-likely-to-provide-live-chat-too/2744163/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

To streamline the payment process for buyers, sellers, and logistics partners, Razorpay will integrate the payment reconciliation service on ONDC to provide a single view of all transactions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shetty |first=Mayur |date=2023-04-27 |title=Razorpay offers reconciliation services for ONDC members |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/razorpay-offers-reconciliation-services-for-ondc-members/articleshow/99810233.cms |access-date=2023-04-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It will be available to all network participants. It will validate every transaction with an audit trail for documentation. This is to resolve future disputes or discrepancies.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-04-28 |title=Razorpay joins ONDC to offer payment reconciliation service for buyer, seller |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/razorpay-joins-ondc-to-offer-payment-reconciliation-service-for-buyer-seller-apps-11682695651620.html |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

Mahindra Logistics will provide same-day and next-day intra-city and inter-city pick-up and delivery services to all sellers on ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-09 |title=Mahindra Logistics launches services on ONDC network |url=https://www.itln.in/e-commerce/mahindra-logistics-launches-services-on-ondc-network-1350373 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Indian Transport and Logistics News. |language=en}}</ref> Logistics company XpressBees will help ONDC offer pan-India delivery services to over 2,800 cities and 20,000 pincodes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-23 |title=ONDC onboards logistics firm XpressBees on its network |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ondc-onboards-logistics-firm-xpressbees-on-its-network/articleshow/105449419.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 19 December 2023, ONDC announced two distinct partnerships with [[Google]] and [[Meta Platforms]] to increase platform awareness through the use of [[WhatsApp]] and [[Google Maps]]. It will help increase the number of monthly transactions between big businesses and retail customers on the platform. [[Kochi Metro]] will be integrated with Google Maps via ONDC, enabling customers to purchase tickets directly in the app using the ONDC framework. Meta plans to incorporate the ONDC framework into WhatsApp to expedite onboarding for small businesses. From 2024, Meta will concentrate on monetisation via the ONDC platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Shouvik |date=2023-12-19 |title=ONDC partners with Google, Meta to reach small businesses |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infotech/ondc-partners-with-google-meta-to-reach-small-businesses-11703009950107.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, Google Maps will integrate more public transportation options. To enable 500,000 micro [[small and medium-sized enterprises]] ([[MSME]]s) to create conversational buyer and seller experiences on WhatsApp and move them onto the digital platform, Meta and ONDC will collaborate to develop digital skills.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jose |first=Bijin |date=2023-12-20 |title=Here is how Meta and ONDC are partnering to boost Indian small businesses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/how-meta-ondc-partnering-boost-small-business-india-9075855/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Aryaman |date=19 December 2023 |title=ONDC, Meta partner to empower small biz, upskill 500k MSMEs in next 2 yrs |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/ondc-meta-partner-to-empower-small-biz-upskill-500k-msmes-in-next-2-yrs-123121900775_1.html |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed by ONDC and Dhiway to collaboratively develop an interoperable distributed ledger network as a scoring repository called Confidex using CORD, an open-source, layer-one distributed ledger framework.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mali |first=Krishna |date=2023-08-05 |title=ONDC and Dhiway Sign MoU To Develop Interoperable Distributed Ledger Network for Secure Digital Commerce |url=https://techgraph.co/business/ondc-dhiway-sign-mou-develop-interoperable-distributed-ledger-network/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=TechGraph |language=en-US}}</ref> With the goal of making the entire e-commerce process—from on-boarding to payment reconciliation—simpler, Zoho Corporation introduced Vikra on September 25, 2024. Vikra enables businesses to generate product catalogues, sell through platforms like [[Paytm]], [[Ola Consumer|Ola]], and [[Snapdeal]], and onboard employees more quickly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sannith |first=Jude |date=2024-09-25 |title=Zoho launches e-commerce seller app 'Vikra' targeted at MSMEs on ONDC marketplace |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/zoho-launches-e-commerce-seller-app-vikra-targeted-at-msmes-on-ondc-marketplace-19482395.htm |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Palak |date=2024-09-25 |title=Zoho joins ONDC network with Vikra seller app; launches IoT solutions |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/zoho-joins-ondc-network-with-vikra-seller-app-launches-iot-solutions-447452-2024-09-25 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

==== Concerns ====
Industry is raising concerns about network participants' liability for consumer complaints and the implementation of e-commerce rules across various stakeholders. There are also pertinent questions regarding third-party network policy audits and whether they will include search algorithms. Experts are discussing how stakeholders can ensure that any entity developing both buyer- and seller-side apps on ONDC is not [[gaming the system]]. Companies and ONDC are also trying to resolve the issues of network-disruption liability and [[uptime]] guarantees. The private sector is waiting for traction before they make any significant, long-term investment in ONDC.<ref name=":13" />

According to [[JM Financial]], ONDC faces the challenge of obtaining data and algorithms on customer buying behaviour from larger e-commerce players. ONDC framework limits data usage and storage which affects interoperability.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Abrar |first1=Peerzada |last2=Shinde |first2=Shivani |date=2022-09-07 |title=Onboarding of e-commerce giants crucial to ensure success of ONDC |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/onboarding-of-e-commerce-giants-crucial-to-ensure-success-of-ondc-122090700962_1.html |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> As per CEO T Koshy, ONDC will not subsidize pricing for customers using shareholders money. Instead it will focus more on innovation and special value addition to product.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Kritika |date=8 September 2022 |title=ONDC strategy will differ from e-comm firms for captive users: T Koshy, CEO, ONDC |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/ondc-strategy-will-differ-from-e-comm-firms-for-captive-users-t-koshy-ceo-ondc/2658967/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> Government told ONDC to prepare detail report on grievance redressal mechanism and submit it by the end of September 2022. The system needs to be robust and competitive.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nandi |first=Shreya |date=2022-09-13 |title=Prepare robust grievance redress system before beta test: Govt to ONDC |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/prepare-robust-grievance-redress-system-before-beta-test-govt-to-ondc-122091200951_1.html |access-date=2022-09-14}}</ref> Third-party agency will handle Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) by checking the digital trail left by individual orders. Customers can check the complaint status and how many are resolved. It will be involved in the final rating of the merchants. ONDC will record all complaints filed against a merchant, which will be linked directly to the network-wide reputation index that tabulates percentages of complaints raised, resolved, or unresolved, as well as those that consumers may choose to take to [[Consumer Court|consumer courts]]. The draft ODR policy will be published by an expert committee of [[NITI Aayog]]. The ONDC dashboard will publish monthly statistics of complaints received by seller-side apps. On 2 September 2022, ONDC invited public feedback on the Issue and Grievance Management Structure (IGMS), resolving buyer and seller complaints. The mechanism will be similar to what non-profit company Sahamati uses for their Account Aggregator Network, but much faster and traceable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=20 September 2022 |title=ONDC to publish dispute resolution draft |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/ondc-to-publish-dispute-resolution-draft/articleshow/94309807.cms |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

According to Consumer Affairs Secretary Rohit Kumar Singh, for customers to receive satisfactory service, ONDC must address the liability issue. Additionally, he alerted T Koshy, CEO of ONDC, of the problem, saying that without it, ONDC could not be able to serve customers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2023 |title=ONDC have to address liability issue to build trust: Consumers Affairs secy |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/ondc-have-to-address-liability-issue-to-build-trust-consumers-affairs-secy-123121100736_1.html |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

== Acceptance ==
=== Buyer Apps ===
* Paytm
* Mystore
* Magicpin
* Khojle by Jagran
* Ola
* Spice Money
* Crafts Villa
* NobrokerHood

=== Seller Apps ===
* Snapdeal
* Bitsila
* Mystore
* ideamasters
* GrowthFalcons
* Meesho
* DIGIIT
* UdyamWell
* Easy Pay

=== Logistics ===
* Ekart
* Dunzo
* Delhivery
* Loadshare
* Porter

As of 12 May 2022, [[Flipkart]], [[Reliance Retail]] and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] started talks with ONDC officials. As Logistics Network Partners (LNP), [[Ekart]] and [[Dunzo]] joined ONDC. [[Paytm]] and PhonePe, which is in the advanced stage of integration, will act as Payment Network Partners (PNP) for ONDC. PhonePe is planning to join ONDC from both the buyer and seller sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-12 |title=Explained: The open e-commerce network ONDC that Flipkart, Amazon and others are planning to join |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/explained-the-open-e-commerce-network-ondc-that-flipkart-amazon-and-others-are-planning-to-join-10666601.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> Till 15 May 2022, 24 ecommerce platforms are joining ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandi |first=Shreya |date=15 May 2022 |title=Dunzo, PhonePe among 24 e-commerce firms joining India's open network |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/dunzo-phonepe-among-24-e-commerce-firms-joining-india-s-open-network-122051500813_1.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> Paytm Mall confirmed joining the ONDC network with a primary focus on exports.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2022 |title=Paytm Mall announces pivot to ONDC as its primary focus; to explore export opportunities |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/paytm-mall-announces-pivot-to-ondc-as-its-primary-focus-to-explore-export-opportunities/articleshow/91581483.cms |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> As of July 6, 200 sellers are active in the grocery, food and beverage categories. To access ONDC, a seller has to join a seller platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khetarpal |first=Sonal |date=6 July 2022 |title=From six cities and seven companies, ONDC to become a fairly large network in the next six months, said its CBO Shireesh Joshi |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/msme-tech-ondc-to-become-a-fairly-large-network-in-the-next-six-months/2585115/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> After the success of [[Tez (software)|Tez]] atop [[Unified Payments Interface|Unified Payment Interface]] (UPI), [[Google]] initiated talks with ONDC to integrate [[Google Shopping]] with the platform.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Vengattil |first1=Munsif |last2=Das |first2=Krishna N. |last3=Dave |first3=Paresh |date=2022-05-27 |title=Google in talks to join India's open e-commerce network ONDC |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/google-talks-join-indias-open-e-commerce-network-ondc-sources-2022-05-27/ |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> Ecom Express and Shiprocket are at the final stages of integration as LNP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Binu |date=2022-07-01 |title=EXCLUSIVE: ONDC to give public access by August; first round of fundraising nearly complete |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/exclusive-ondc-to-give-public-access-by-august-first-round-of-fundraising-nearly-complete-340021-2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

Paytm from the buyer side, GoFrugal, SellerApp, Growth Falcon, eSamudaay, Digiit from the seller side and LoadShare from the logistics side are successfully integrated with ONDC.<ref name=":9" /> StoreHippo started testing of the ONDC-connected marketplace for [[small and medium-sized enterprises]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=StoreHippo all set to launch Mystore to facilitate SMEs on the ONDC network |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/business/storehippo-set-launch-mystore-facilitate-smes-ondc-network-1503095920.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> Grab integrated as LNP for hyperlocal intercity delivery on 1 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mittal |first=Apoorva |date=1 August 2022 |title=Logistics startup Grab.in integrates with government's ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/logistics-startup-grab-in-integrates-with-governments-ondc/articleshow/93257200.cms |access-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> As of August, [[Titan Company]], [[Zoho Corporation]], retail intelligence platform Bizom are on advance stages of integration with the network. [[IDBI Bank]], [[India Post]], [[Marico]], [[Airtel India|Airtel]] are also interested in joining ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=D'Souza |first=Sharleen |date=2022-08-01 |title=ONDC in advanced stage of integration with another 17 platforms |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/ondc-in-advanced-stage-of-integration-with-another-17-platforms-122080100018_1.html |access-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> Dunzo for Business (D4B) has joined ONDC as LNP on 4 August to provide last mile delivery for [[Business-to-business|business to business]] (B2B) transaction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Reliance-backed Dunzo's B2B logistics arm arrives on ONDC |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/ecommerce/news/reliance-backed-dunzos-b2b-logistics-arm-arrives-on-ondc/articleshow/93351531.cms |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=2022-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231122354/https://www.businessinsider.in/business/ecommerce/news/reliance-backed-dunzos-b2b-logistics-arm-arrives-on-ondc/articleshow/93351531.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>

By the end of August, SellerApp will onboard 3,000+ retail stores from Bengaluru.<ref name=":13" /> Innoviti Payment Solutions is integrating the seller-side app for small merchants on ONDC to publish their goods and offer credit to buyers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Mayur |date=5 August 2022 |title=Innoviti levels ground for small merchants onboard ONDC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/innoviti-levels-ground-for-small-merchants-onboard-ondc/articleshow/93356571.cms |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Business banking solution provider Zyro joined ONDC from the seller side. They will help small retailers create digital stores on the network.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-15 |title=Zyro joins Open Network for Digital Commerce project by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/zyro-joins-open-network-for-digital-commerce-project-by-the-ministry-of-commerce-and-industry/1130018/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Blowhorn]] integrated itself with ONDC as logistics network partner to perform last mile delivery and is in final phase of testing. They will go live from the fourth week of September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Ankita |date=21 September 2022 |title=Exclusive: Logistics company Blowhorn joins govt's e-commerce network ONDC for last-mile delivery |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/msme-logi-exclusive-logistics-company-blowhorn-joins-govts-e-commerce-network-ondc-for-last-mile-delivery/2681720/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> Menson will onboard 11,500 restaurants on ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=Menson partners with GrowthFalcons to onboard its 11,500 restaurants onto ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/menson-partners-with-growthfalcons-to-onboard-its-11500-restaurants-onto-ondc/articleshow/94767000.cms |access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref> Crowdsourced third-party logistics platform Shadowfax integrated with ONDC on 19 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=19 October 2022 |title=Shadowfax integrates with ONDC for hyperlocal and e-commerce deliveries – ET Retail |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/shadowfax-integrates-with-ondc-for-hyperlocal-and-e-commerce-deliveries/94962713 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=ETRetail |language=en}}</ref> Kochi Open Mobility Network (KOMN) will integrate with ONDC to make transporters in [[Kerala]] discoverable on the network.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Kochi Open Mobility Network expands statewide into Kerala Open Mobility Network with a tie-up with ONDC to allow users discover transport operators |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/msme-eodb-kochi-open-mobility-network-expands-statewide-into-kerala-open-mobility-network-with-a-tie-up-with-ondc-to-allow-users-discover-transport-operators/2786943/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> On 23 November 2022, Meesho joined the network and started the pilot project in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitter |first=Sohini |date=2022-11-23 |title=After Paytm, Meesho joins ONDC to take e-commerce far and wide |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/after-paytm-meesho-joins-ondc-to-take-e-commerce-far-and-wide-353878-2022-11-23 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

On 24 February 2023, [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] announced integration of its logistics network and Smart Commerce Services with ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=2023-02-24 |title=Amazon to integrate logistics network, SmartCommerce offerings with ONDC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/amazon-to-integrate-logistics-network-smartcommerce-offerings-with-ondc/articleshow/98201633.cms |access-date=2023-02-24 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Within the first year of operations, 31,000 merchants with 37 lakh products are registered with the network. In the mobility space, 56,000 vehicles are registered with ONDC, with a daily average of 20,000 rides.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=M. |date=2023-04-23 |title=Over 30,000 merchants have joined ONDC |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/over-30000-merchants-have-joined-ondc/article66769513.ece |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Businessline.com |language=en}}</ref> As of 24 April 2023, ONDC completed the milestone of 5,000 daily orders in the food & beverage and grocery categories and on average, 6,000 orders during weekends. It crossed the 10,000-order mark on 30 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2023-05-02 |title=ONDC food and grocery orders double in a week to shoot past 10,000 a day |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/ondc-food-and-grocery-orders-double-in-a-week-to-shoot-past-10000-a-day-10510621.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> As of 24th May 2023, ONDC achieved a grand one-year milestone after completing 1 year of operation. It expanded to over 236 cities in India. Now, it has approximately 36,000 sellers and over 45 network participants. It has scaled its operations in more than eight categories. According to the Ministry of Commerce, ONDC is flourishing with weekly 13K+ retail orders (avg.) and 36k+ mobility rides per day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Network for Digital Commerce created to democratise the existing ecommerce ecosystem of the country: Shri Piyush Goyal |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1926375 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> As of 27 November 2023, [[DTDC]] is operational on ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-27 |title=DTDC Express goes live on ONDC |url=https://www.itln.in/e-commerce/dtdc-express-goes-live-on-ondc-1350535 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Indian Transport & Logistics News |language=en}}</ref>

On 12 January 2024, Hyperlocal Pharmacy Aggregator MedPay joined ONDC. Customers can now access its drugstore network via third-party buyer apps.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=13 January 2024 |title=Hyperlocal Pharmacy Aggregator MedPay joins ONDC Network - ET HealthWorld |url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/hyperlocal-pharmacy-aggregator-medpay-joins-ondc-network/106777848 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=ETHealthworld.com |language=en}}</ref> Senco Gold & Diamonds became the first jewellery brand to join ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Maverick |date=22 January 2024 |title=Senco Gold joins ONDC Network to expand its reach |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Senco-gold-joins-ondc-network-to-expand-its-reach,1596098.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Fashion Network |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Agribusiness ===
On ONDC, 4,000 farmer-producer organisations (FPOs) have offered up to 3,100 different types of value-added agricultural products since April 2023. By the end of FY24, 6,000 FPOs are expected to be on ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Sandip |date=2024-01-29 |title=ONDC to have 6,000 farmers' collectives on board by March-end |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-ondc-to-have-6000-farmers-collectives-on-board-by-march-end-3377094/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> FPO Rich Returns, situated in Rajasthan, sold ₹2,00,000 worth of millet based products, garlic [[papadam]], and [[chickpea]] items through Mystore in November 2023. Aryahi Fed Farmers Producer Company, a collective of 673 farmers located in Uttar Pradesh, is among the first to sell more than ₹5,00,000 worth of honey and millet-based value-added products through Mystore within six months of joining the company. Using the Mystore online marketplace, the Odisha-based farmers' cooperative Daringbadi Farmers Producer Company supplied [[Geographical indication|Geographically Indicated]] (GI)-tagged [[turmeric powder]] to customers in 11 states.

To raise sales to ₹10 million by 2024, BASIX Krishi Samruddhi, a group that has assisted 59 FPOs in ONDC across Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, reported total sales of ₹4 million in 2023. Because of India Post's extensive network, FPOs leveraged its services to distribute their goods. Since then, more logistics partners have been recruited to ensure even faster product delivery to customers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Sandip |date=2023-12-25 |title=Farmer groups expand business outreach via ONDC |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-farmer-groups-expand-business-outreach-via-ondc-3346671/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

Under a central scheme launched in 2020 with a budgetary provision of ₹6,865 crore, nearly 5,000 out of 8,000 registered Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been onboarded on the ONDC portal for selling the produce online to consumers across the country, against the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]]'s target of 10,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=1 March 2024 |title=Nearly 5000 farmer producer organizations registered on ONDC platform: Agriculture ministry |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/nearly-5000-farmer-producer-organizations-registered-on-ondc-platform-moafw/108143341 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Retail ===
{{Main|Retailing in India}}
[[Reliance Retail]] has started a pilot program on ONDC using the Fynd retail platform. The pilot is live in [[Madurai]]. Reliance Retail will scale it up to 5 locations if successful, and eventually to 100 outlets on ONDC. All of Reliance Retail's brands will gradually launch on ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=2024-05-31 |title=Reliance Retail starts ONDC pilot via retail platform Fynd |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/reliance-retail-starts-ondc-pilot-via-retail-platform-fynd/articleshow/110571831.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

On 30 July 2024, ONDC introduced an interoperable QR code to link online and offline vendors, regional craftspeople, and neighbourhood store owners with consumers. With ONDC-registered buyer apps like Magicpin and Paytm, merchants can create a unique QR code that customers can scan to access their online store on the ONDC platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Nandini |date=30 July 2024 |title=How ONDC's Interoperable QR Code will Transform India's Retail Sector |url=https://www.indianretailer.com/article/retail-business/ecommerce/how-ondcs-interoperable-qr-code-will-transform-indias-retail |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Indian Retailer |language=en}}</ref>

==== Fast-moving consumer goods ====
[[Fast-moving consumer goods]] (FMCG) companies and brands such as [[ITC Limited]], [[Hindustan Unilever]], [[Dabur]] and [[Nivea]] started talks on joining the network. [[Shopify]] also started showing interest in the ONDC platform.<ref name="Choudhury" /> Products with geographical indicator tags, [[Khadi]] and those made by [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|Scheduled Tribes]] will be promoted on the platform for national-level market access and community development.<ref name=":7" /> [[Snapdeal]] will go live on ONDC by end of August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giriprakash |first=K. |date=2022-08-22 |title=We will debut on ONDC platform this month: Snapdeal President Himanshu Chakrawarti |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/we-will-debut-on-ondc-platform-this-month-snapdeal-president-himanshu-chakrawarti/article65796357.ece |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Businessline |language=en}}</ref> It will deal on fashion, home and beauty, and personal care categories connecting 2,500 cities. The company will use LNP for last-mile delivery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2022 |title=Snapdeal's launch on ONDC next month to cover more than 2,500 cities and towns |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/snapdeals-launch-on-ondc-next-month-to-cover-more-than-2500-cities-and-towns/articleshow/92962763.cms |access-date=2022-07-19 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> [[Livestream shopping]] platform Kiko Live will start operation from September 2022 starting with grocery, stationary items, medicine, gifts and novelty, flowers, fashion and cosmetics, electronics, electrical and hardware, dairy products and fresh meat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Kiko Live to Launch on ONDC in September |url=https://www.indianretailer.com/news/kiko-live-to-launch-on-ondc-in-september.n13981/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Indian Retailer |language=en-in}}</ref>

Through its multi-brand direct-to-consumer platform, UShop, [[Hindustan Unilever]] became the first [[fast-moving consumer goods]] (FMCG) company to join ONDC in 2022. They will also help onboard nearly 1.3 million [[Kirana store]]s on the platform.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malviya |first=Sagar |date=2023-11-14 |title=HUL to help kiranas compete with bigger players via ONDC |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/hul-to-help-kiranas-compete-with-bigger-players-via-ondc/articleshow/105192446.cms |access-date=2023-11-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> [[The Coca-Cola Company]] introduced Coke Shop to join the ONDC. For data-driven insights, market intelligence, and strategy, it also partnered with SellerApp.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-24 |title=Coca-Cola joins ONDC, launches marketplace Coke Shop |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/coca-cola-join-ondc-launches-marketplace-coke-shop/article67569308.ece |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> UK based [[The Body Shop]] became the first international beauty and skincare brand to join the platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Retail India News: The Body Shop Expands Ethical Beauty Reach via ONDC Network |url=https://www.indianretailer.com/news/retail-india-news-body-shop-expands-ethical-beauty-reach-ondc-network |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Indian Retailer |language=en}}</ref> By November 2023, ONDC surpassed 1.5 million monthly e-commerce purchases, with food accounting for almost one-third of all orders placed by customers. As orders soar, retail sales expand beyond food to include fashion, beauty, and electronics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2023-12-11 |title=ONDC sees retail purchases diversify beyond food as fashion, electronics orders surge |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/ondc-sees-retail-purchases-diversify-beyond-food-as-fashion-electronics-orders-see-uptick-11887021.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> ONDC has welcomed the [[Good Glamm Group]]. This conglomerate specialises in content creation, commerce, and community, as a direct seller on 12 December 2023. The company hopes to reach 100% more customers and enhance its revenue potential by 50%.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=12 December 2023 |title=The Good Glamm Group joins ONDC network |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/health-and-beauty/the-good-glamm-group-joins-ondc-network/105938453 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=ETRetail.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Finance ===
The ONDC successfully tested a few personal loan transactions with Easy Pay and DMI Finance in January 2024. ONDC is constructing the framework for three major product categories: [[wealth management]], [[insurance]], and [[credit]]. The platform is currently undergoing various stages of integration with [[Aditya Birla Capital]], [[Tata Capital]], Canara Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, [[Bajaj Finserv]], [[Bajaj Allianz General Insurance|Bajaj Allianz]] and Aditya Birla Health. Enabling small business owners to transact loans is one of ONDC's primary goals. It is creating the framework for a financing product that is based on [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST]] invoices. Additionally, efforts are being made to standardise the data format stored on buyer-side application platforms. The goal is to enable lenders and insurance providers to incorporate the data into their rule engines to identify the right clients. This will enable processing financial product purchases across several use cases. As of now, 85 enterprises have expressed interest in the credit segment; however, only 7 of them enrolled in the pilot program. Companies on the buyer side include [[Tata Digital]], Paynearby, Easypay, and Rapidor. During the trial period, DMI Finance, Aditya Birla Finance, and [[Karnataka Bank]] are the lenders. ONDC will first offer health, auto, and marine insurance.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2024-01-30 |title=ONDC pilots finserv foray with personal loans; attracts big players for credit, insurance, MF offerings |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/ondc-pilots-finserv-foray-with-personal-loans-attracts-big-players-for-credit-insurance-mf-offerings-12150461.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-30 |title=Fintech players in various stages of onboarding: ONDC's Koshy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/fintech-players-in-various-stages-of-onboarding-ondcs-koshy/articleshow/107267472.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Early adopters of buyer-side apps are anticipated to include [[Policybazaar]] (Marine), Cliniq 360 (Health), and Insurance Dekho (Marine, Health, and Motor). The insurers Aditya Birla Health (Health), Kotak General (Marine), and Bajaj Allianz (Marine, Motor) are anticipated to go operational initially. With a few chosen partners, ONDC is developing sachet maritime insurance solutions priced between ₹3 and ₹5 to cover supplies during transit and reduce the risk of doing business for smaller sellers. The first wealth management product would be sachet mutual fund investments, accessible to those at the bottom of the economic pyramid, for less than ₹100. MF Utilities is the first seller-side app that ONDC has onboarded. It enables a buyer-side app to trade mutual funds and display a single snapshot of an individual's holdings across platforms.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" />

On 24 June 2025, Bajaj Markets announced that it had integrated with the ONDC, allowing its customers to access and buy appliances and electronics directly through the Bajaj Markets website and app, in addition to its extensive range of financial services and goods.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Vishwas |date=2025-06-24 |title=Bajaj Markets joins ONDC to boost digital commerce |url=https://bfsi.eletsonline.com/bajaj-markets-joins-ondc-to-boost-digital-commerce/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Elets BFSI |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Mobility ===
[[File:Namma yatri Auto-rickshaw in Bangalore.jpg|thumb|right|Namma yatri (''meaning: Our traveller'') [[auto-rickshaw]] in Bangalore]]
ONDC entered the urban mobility space in partnership with Namma Yatri, an auto rickshaw-hailing mobile application launched by Juspay Technologies.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=R |first1=Sethuraman N. |last2=Ajith |first2=Anisha |date=2023-03-23 |title=India govt's open e-commerce network ONDC expands into mobility |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-govts-open-e-commerce-network-ondc-expands-into-mobility-2023-03-23/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> In the Namma Yatri app, ONDC completed 25,000 daily rides.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2023-04-26 |title=ONDC grows 25 times in 2 months to cross 5,000 food, grocery orders a day |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/ondc-grows-25-times-in-2-months-to-cross-5000-food-grocery-orders-a-day-10478711.html |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> Namma Yatri will operate on a zero-commission approach to link drivers and passengers seeking trips in [[Delhi]]. It is currently in use in [[Kolkata]], [[Bangalore]], [[Kochi]], and [[Mysore]]. Over 10,000 drivers have been onboarded by Namma Yatri in Delhi, with over 50,000 drivers expected to join in the following three months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rishabh |date=2024-01-16 |title=ONDC-Enabled Ride Hailing App Namma Yatri Launched In Delhi |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/ondc-enabled-ride-hailing-app-namma-yatri-launched-in-delhi |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the drivers received [[₹]]330 crore on rides made via the app. As of 2023, Namma Yatri has over 1.7 lakh drivers on board and 40 lakh riders who have reserved 20 million rides using the application.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2024-01-16 |title=Namma Yatri goes live in Delhi via ONDC; says per trip cost has dropped 96% |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/namma-yatri-goes-live-in-delhi-via-ondc-says-per-trip-cost-has-dropped-96-12060331.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

On 18 December 2023, the Hyderabad Auto & Taxi Drivers Association announced the launch of a new ride-hailing app that supports ONDC protocols. Yaary, headquartered in Hyderabad, developed the app. The firm has already onboarded more than 20,000 auto and taxi drivers in Hyderabad, and it is working with many other driver associations in other cities to introduce comparable mobility apps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurmanath |first=K V |date=2023-12-18 |title=Yaary builds ride-hailing service on ONDC |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/yaary-builds-ride-hailing-service-on-ondc/article67650056.ece |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Chennai]], Namma Yatri made its debut on 29 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-01-29 |title=ONDC-linked ride-hailing app Namma Yatri rides into Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/ondc-linked-ride-hailing-app-namma-yatri-rides-into-chennai/article67788359.ece |access-date=2024-02-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As the first metro service in India to integrate with the ONDC, [[Chennai Metro]] enables users to easily purchase single and return travel tickets through a variety of ONDC network apps, including [[RedBus]], Namma Yatri, and [[Rapido (company)|Rapido]]. Millions of Indian commuters will have easier access to urban transit as metro systems in Kochi, [[Kanpur]], [[Pune]], and other cities are set to follow Chennai's lead.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-03 |title=Chennai metro first in India to become available on ONDC apps |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Feb/03/chennai-metro-first-in-india-to-become-available-on-ondc-apps |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> As part of its partnership with ONDC, [[Uber]] is looking into services including intercity bus and metro train ticket purchases in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Indranil |last2=Sriram |first2=Akash |date=22 February 2024 |title=Uber explores metro, bus bookings in partnership with India's ONDC - source |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/uber-explores-metro-bus-bookings-partnership-with-indias-ondc-source-2024-02-22/ |access-date=23 February 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

On 18 June 2025, [[Mumbai Metro]] announced that [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line]] will be linked to the ONDC, allowing users to purchase tickets using QR codes via [[EaseMyTrip]], [[RedBus]], OneTicket, Tummoc, Yatri-City Travel Guide, Highway Delite, and [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] based Miles & Kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Mumbai Metro's Line 3 now on Open Network for Digital Commerce; QR-based tickets to be available across apps |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-line-open-network-digital-commerce-qr-tickets-apps-10075848/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
[[EaseMyTrip]] announced the signing of a Letter of Intent (LOI) to join the ONDC on 23 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karantzavelou |first=Vicky |date=2024-05-22 |title=EaseMyTrip Joins ONDC to Foster Digital Commerce in India |url=https://www.traveldailynews.asia/technology/easemytrip-joins-ondc-to-foster-digital-commerce-in-india/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=TravelDailyNews Asia & Pacific |language=en}}</ref> To provide travel services on the ONDC, EaseMyTrip has announced the launch of ScanMyTrip on 12 September 2024. By allowing them to offer their services—flights, hotels, and homestays—on the ONDC, ScanMyTrip seeks to empower MSMEs, homestays, and OTAs (Online Travel Agencies).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rimjhim |date=12 September 2024 |title=EaseMyTrip launches ScanMyTrip, a first-of-its-kind travel platform on ONDC |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/easemytrip-launches-scanmytrip-a-first-of-its-kind-travel-platform-on-ondc-124091200628_1.html |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Business Standard}}</ref>

==== Hospitality industry ====
{{Main|Hospitality industry}}
On 21 June 2022, the [[National Restaurant Association of India]] (NRAI) initiated talks with ONDC officials. Initially, some large and small restaurants will join the network as a pilot project and work on technology standardisation. Restaurant Network Partners (RNP) under ONDC will help in the onboarding process and act as an aggregator. Post onboarding, RNP will educate and train restaurants on the online delivery business, maintain packaging and hygiene norms, and ensure that food preparation is in accordance with service level agreements to protect consumer interests. Building consumer pipeline and delivery infrastructure will not come under RNP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=21 June 2022 |title=Exclusive: Top restaurant body, ONDC in talks to end 'monopolisation' by Zomato, Swiggy |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/nrai-ondc-talks-to-end-monopolisation-by-zomato-swiggy-8717701.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

[[Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation]] (IRCTC) is also engaging with ONDC to enable consumers to buy items during travel.<ref name=":16" /> To de-risk online sales from food aggregators [[Zomato]] and [[Swiggy]], [[Domino's]] gone live on ONDC in [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Deepsekhar |date=2024-01-15 |title=Domino's goes live on ONDC in Delhi-NCR, visible on PhonePe's Pincode app |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/technology/dominos-goes-live-on-ondc-in-delhi-ncr-visible-on-phonepes-pincode-app-12054461.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> On 30 January 2024, the platform integration was finished and other cities will go live in phase manner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-30 |title=Domino's Pizza expands reach with ONDC entry |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/hotels-/-restaurants/dominos-pizza-expands-reach-with-ondc-entry/articleshow/107267895.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> [[Rebel Foods]], a cloud kitchen, expanded its EatSure direct-to-consumer (D2C) platform to ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambwani |first=Meenakshi Verma |date=2024-01-22 |title=Cloud kitchen giant Rebel Foods integrates with ONDC, aiming for broader consumer reach |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/cloud-kitchen-giant-rebel-foods-integrates-with-ondc-aiming-for-broader-consumer-reach/article67762635.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

[[McDonald's]] restaurants offering [[à la carte]] and meal options for the Eastern and Northern regions of India joined ONDC.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-03-15 |title=McDonald's India North and East partners with ONDC |url=https://www.indiaretailing.com/2024/03/15/mcdonalds-india-north-and-east-ondc/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=India Retailing |language=English}}</ref> At the ONDC Startup Mahotsav on 17 May 2024, [[EaseMyTrip]] signed a Letter of Intent to become a part of the ONDC Network.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-05-21 |title=EaseMyTrip to join ONDC Network |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/easemytrip-to-join-ondc-network/article68199596.ece |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

From July 2024, the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Hoteliers Association]] (BBHA) and GrowthFalcons will collaborate to focus on the meal delivery industry. Bengaluru is currently placing at least 50,000–60,000 food delivery orders each day on ONDC using [[Ola Consumer]] as the buying app.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T.R |first=Jahnavi |date=2024-09-08 |title=Over 300 hotels in Bengaluru join ONDC; 60,000 deliveries a day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/over-300-hotels-in-bengaluru-join-ondc-60000-deliveries-a-day/article68618328.ece |access-date=2024-09-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Automotive industry ===
{{Main|Automotive industry in India}}
[[Hero MotoCorp]] joined ONDC and would provide products, accessories, and parts for two-wheelers. 'Hero Genuine Parts' will be made available for customers using any buyer app on the network, including Mystore and Paytm.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-14 |title=Hero MotoCorp joins ONDC to provide accessible digital mode to customers |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/hero-motocorp-joins-ondc-to-provide-accessible-digital-mode-to-customers/articleshow/110098412.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Entertainment ===
{{Main|Over-the-top media services in India}}
On September 24, 2024, OTTplay by HT Media Labs announced its joining the ONDC network. OTTplay will offer its membership plans via gift cards starting at ₹249 per month, including popular packs like Jhakaas, Simply South, and Totally Sorted. With these gift cards accessible across the ONDC network, customers will have easy access. The membership options facilitate users' exploration and enjoyment of entertainment catered to their own interests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Manisha |title=OTTplay Joins ONDC Network, Expanding Its Reach Across India |url=https://www.ciol.com/tech/ottplay-joins-ondc-network-expanding-its-reach-across-india-7078861 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=www.ciol.com |language=en}}</ref> It has become the first OTT platform to join ONDC.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2024 |title=OTTplay becomes one of the first OTT players in India to join ONDC Network |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ottplay-becomes-one-of-the-first-ott-players-in-india-to-join-ondc-network-11727179010867.html |access-date=5 October 2024 |work=mint}}</ref>

=== Cross-border trade ===
The first successful international cross-border transaction was carried out by ONDC and the Singapore-based business-to-business network Proxtera on 10 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hector |first=Darlington Jose |date=2024-01-10 |title=Cross-border trades to be a game-changer for ONDC: CEO T Koshy |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/crossborder-trades-to-be-a-game-changer-for-ondc-ceo-t-koshy-11704872431759.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ondc.org/ Official website]

[[Category:2021 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Internet protocols]]
[[Category:E-commerce in India]]
[[Category:E-commerce websites]]

Budaraju Srinivasa Murty

2026-04-08T14:02:34Z

MYRA: created basic details w/ sources...

{{short description|Indian metallurgist}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder

| name = 
| image = Prof. B.S. Murty.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|02|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]]
| death_date =
| death_place =

| office = Director of [[IIT Hyderabad]]
| term_start2 = 26 August 2019
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[U. B. Desai]]
| successor2 =

| alma_mater = {{ubl| [[Indian Institute of Science]], |[[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology]] }}
| awards = [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]
| years_active =
| known_for = {{ubl| [[Materials science]], | [[Metallurgy]] }}
| notable_works =
}}
'''Budaraju Srinivasa Murty''' (born 13 February 1964) is an Indian metallurgical engineer. He was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], the highest science award in India, for the year 2007 in engineering science category.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=114 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=9 Feb 2017}}</ref> From August 2019 he serves as the Director of [[Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad]].<ref name="Director's Page | IIT Hyderabad">{{cite web | url=https://www.iith.ac.in/index.php/directors-page/ | title=Bio-Sketch of Prof. B.S. Murty | date=26 August 2019 | publisher=IIT Hyderabad}}</ref> Additional charge as director of [[NIT Andhra Pradesh]] from 14 February 2024 till August 2024 and also served as additional charge as director of [[IIIT Raichur]] from January 2024 till November 2024. Prior to that he was head of department at [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]<ref name="Department of Metallurgical and Materials">{{Cite web |url=https://mme.iitm.ac.in/?p=385 |title=Department of Metallurgical and Materials |date=2017 |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> and professor at [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]].

==Early life and education==
Murty was born on 13 February 1964 in [[Vijayawada, India]]. He did his diploma in [[metallurgical engineering]] from Government Polytechnic, Vijayawada. He graduated B.Tech. in metallurgical engineering from Visvesvaraya Regional College of Engineering, Nagpur (now [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology]]), in 1986 at the top of the class. He then joined [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bangalore, for his master's degree. From there he got his Ph.D. in 1992.<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=https://mme.iitm.ac.in/murty/bsmurty |title=Faculty profile |date=2017 |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> His PhD supervisor was Professor S. Ranganathan.

==Research==
Murty's Ph.D. dissertation was titled "Study of Amorphous Phase Formation by Mechanical Alloying in Ti Based Systems", in which he started one of the earliest works in [[Mechanical alloying]] in India. His research interests span over nanocrystalline metals and alloys, [[High entropy alloys]], [[Bulk metallic glass]], quasicrystalline alloys, [[grain refinement]] and modification of Al alloys, Al-based composites, in-situ composites, non-equilibrium processing, particulate technologies, thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations, [[transmission electron microscopy]] and [[Atom-probe tomography]]. He has set up a National Facility for Atom Probe Tomography at IIT Madras with a remotely operable Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) (first such facility globally) that can characterize materials in 3D at the atomic scale. He has also set up Deakin-IITM Centre of Excellence on Advanced Materials and Manufacturing at IIT Madras jointly with [[Deakin University]], Australia.<ref name="Deakin-IIT Madras Centre Of Excellence In
Advanced Materials And Manufacturing">{{Cite web |url=https://deakiniitmcoe.iitm.ac.in/ |title=Deakin-IIT Madras Centre Of Excellence In Advanced Materials And Manufacturing |date=2019 |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> He has authored above 400 journal publications and 4 books. He has supervised 39 PhDs and 20 PhDs are ongoing. He has completed over 55 sponsored research projects and currently handling 13 projects and filed 20 patents.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murty, BS}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:Indian metallurgists]]
[[Category:Indian materials scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Madras]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kharagpur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology directors]]

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Cambridge University Press

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{{Short description|Publishing arm of the University of Cambridge}}{{About|the university press|the parent institution|Cambridge University Press and Assessment|the football club|Cambridge University Press F.C.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox publisher
| image = Cambridge Press Cover Emblem.png
| image caption= Logo on the front cover of "The Victorian Age by William Ralph Inge" used by Cambridge University Press
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1534}}
| founder = [[Henry VIII]]
| headquarters = [[Cambridge]], England
| country = [[Kingdom of England]] (since 1534)
| distribution = {{ubl|Self-distributed|[[Ingram Content Group]] (US fulfillment)|[[DHL Supply Chain]] (UK fulfillment)<ref>{{cite press release|title = Cambridge announces tenth successive year of growth |website = Cambridge University Press |date=21 November 2012|url = http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/media/press-releases/cambridge-announces-tenth-successive-year-growth/}}</ref>}}
| publications =
| topics = Humanities; social sciences; science; medicine; engineering and technology; English language teaching and learning; education; Bibles
| genre = {{ubl|Academic|Educational}}
| imprints = Cambridge University Press
| url = {{URL|https://cambridge.org/universitypress}}
| keypeople = {{unbulleted list| [[Deborah Prentice]] (vice chancellor) | [[Peter Phillips (businessman)|Peter Phillips]] (CEO)}}
| successor=[[Cambridge University Press and Assessment]]
}}

'''Cambridge University Press''' is the [[university press]] of the [[University of Cambridge]]. Granted [[letters patent]] by King [[Henry VIII]] in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with [[University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate|Cambridge Assessment]] to form [[Cambridge University Press and Assessment]] under Queen [[Elizabeth II]]'s approval in August 2021. However, the Press retains an independent existence within the larger entity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About us|url=https://www.cambridge.org/gb/universitypress/about-us |access-date=16 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 [[countries]], it has published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Report 2021|url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/annual-report/press-report-2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503100923/https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/annual-report/press-report-2021|archive-date=3 May 2022|publisher=Cambridge University Press|language=en|access-date=1 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Its publications include more than 420 [[academic journal]]s, [[monograph]]s, [[reference work]]s, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications.<ref>{{cite web |title = Publications |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications |date=9 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> It also publishes Bibles, runs a bookshop in [[Cambridge]], sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also serves as the [[King's Printer]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=The Queen's Printer's Patent |url=http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/queens-printers-patent/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309170420/http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/queens-printers-patent/ |archive-date=9 March 2013 |website=Cambridge University Press |access-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, is a non-profit organization. Cambridge University Press joined The [[Association of American Publishers]] trade organization in the Hachette v. Internet Archive lawsuit which resulted in the removal of access to over 500,000 books from global readers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://help.archive.org/help/why-are-so-many-books-listed-as-borrow-unavailable-at-the-internet-archive/ | title=Why are so many books listed as "Borrow Unavailable" at the Internet Archive – Internet Archive Help Center }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://publishers.org/who-we-are/our-members/ | title=Our Members - AAP | date=26 September 2019 }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File: Cambridge University Press building.jpg|thumb|Cambridge University Press head office in [[Cambridge]]]]
[[File:Cambridge University Press building2.jpg|thumb|Cambridge University Press building in Cambridge]]
Cambridge University Press is the oldest university press in the world. It originated from [[letters patent]] granted to the [[University of Cambridge]] by [[Henry VIII]] in 1534. Cambridge was one of the two [[privileged presses]] (the other being [[Oxford University Press]]). Authors published by Cambridge have included [[John Milton]], [[William Harvey]], [[Isaac Newton]], [[Bertrand Russell]], and [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref name=":2">{{cite book
| title = Cambridge University Press, 1584–1984
| first= Michael
| last =Black
| year = 2000
| isbn = 978-0-521-66497-4
| publisher = Cambridge University Press }}</ref>

University printing began in Cambridge when the first practising University Printer, Thomas Thomas, set up a printing house in 1584.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Press |url=http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/brief-history-press |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref> The first publication was a book, ''Two Treatises of the Lord His Holie Supper''.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Our Story – Timeline |url=https://www.cambridge.org/our-story/timeline |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> In 1591, the first Cambridge Bible was printed by John Legate and in 1629, Cambridge folio edition of the [[King James Bible]] was printed by Thomas and John Buck.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" />

In July 1697, the [[Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset|Duke of Somerset]] made a loan of £200 to the university "towards the printing house and press" and [[James Halman]], [[Registrary]] of the university, lent £100 for the same purpose.<ref>''The Cambridge University Press 1696—1712'' (Cambridge University Press, 1966), p. 78</ref>

A new home for the press, The Pitt Building, on [[Trumpington Street]] in the centre of Cambridge was completed in 1833, which was designed by [[Edward Blore]]. It became a [[listed building]] in 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge University Press (Pitt Press) University Press, Non Civil Parish – 1126282 |work=Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1126282 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

In the early 1800s, the press pioneers the development of [[Stereotype (printing)|stereotype printing]], allowing successive printings from one setting.<ref name=":7">{{cite book |last=Black |first=Michael |title=Cambridge University Press, 1583–1984 |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-521-66497-4 |pages=328–29|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref name=":8" /> The press began using steam-powered machine presses by the 1850s. It was in this period that the press turned down what later became the [[Oxford English Dictionary]]{{snd}} a proposal for which was brought to Cambridge by [[James Murray (lexicographer)|James Murray]] before he turned to Oxford.<ref name=":2" />

The press journals publishing programme began in 1893 with the ''[[Journal of Physiology]]'' and then the ''Journal of Hygiene and Biometrika''. By 1910 the press had become a well-established journal publisher with a successful list which includes its first humanities title, ''[[Modern Language Review]]''. 1956 saw the first issue of the ''[[Journal of Fluid Mechanics]]''.

The press has published >170 [[Nobel Prize winners]], the first in 1895.

In 1913, the [[Monotype]] system of hot-metal mechanised typesetting was introduced at the press.

In 1949, the press opened its first international branch in New York.<ref name=":1" />

The press moved to its current site in Cambridge in 1963. The [[mid-century modern]] building, University Printing House, was constructed in 1961–1963. The building was designed by Beard, Bennett, Wilkins and Partners.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Cambridge University Press |website=Capturing Cambridge |url=https://capturingcambridge.org/newtown/shaftesbury-road/cambridge-university-press/ |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

In 1975, the press launched its English language teaching publishing business.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title = Timeline |publisher = Cambridge University Press |url = https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/timeline |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref>

In 1981, the press moved to a new site on Shaftsbury Road. The Edinburgh Building was purpose-built with an adjoining warehouse to accommodate the press's expansion. It was built in 1979–80 by International Design and Construction.<ref name=":10" /> The site was demolished in 2017 to make way for the construction of [[Cambridge Assessment]]'s Triangle Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/news/video/view/building-the-triangle/|title=Building the Triangle|website=Cambridge Assessment Network and Research|date=16 June 2017}}</ref>

In 1989, the press acquired the long-established Bible and prayer-book publisher [[Eyre & Spottiswoode]], which gave the press the ancient and unique title of The Queen's Printer.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last1=Black|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gB4SzjmLvAC&q=cambridge+university+press+kevin+taylor&pg=PA58|title=A Short History of Cambridge University Press|last2=Black|first2=Michael H.|date=28 March 2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77572-4|language=en}}</ref>

In 1992, the press opened a bookshop at 1 [[Trinity Street, Cambridge]], which was the oldest-known bookshop site in Britain as books have been sold there since 1581.<ref>{{cite web |title = History of the Bookshop |publisher = Cambridge University Press Bookshop |year = 2009 |url = http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/visit-bookshop/history-bookshop/ |access-date = 16 January 2018}}</ref> In 2008 the shop expanded into 27 Market Hill where its specialist Education and English Language Teaching shop opened the following year.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The press bookshop sells Press books as well as Cambridge souvenirs such as mugs, diaries, bags, postcards, maps.<ref>{{cite web |title = Our Bookshop |url=https://www.cambridge.org/gb/about-us/visit-bookshop |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>

In 1993, the Cass Centre was opened to provide sports and social facilities for employees and their families.<ref name=":10" />

In 1999, Cambridge Dictionaries Online was launched.<ref name=":11" />

In 2012, the press sold its printing operation to MPG Books Group<ref>{{cite web |title= Cambridge University Press ends printing after 400 years |website=The Bookseller |url = https://www.thebookseller.com/news/cambridge-university-press-ends-printing-after-400-years#:~:text=with%20MPG...-,More%20than%20400%20years%20of%20printing%20under%20the%20Cambridge%20University,take%20over%20printing%20for%20CUP. |access-date=30 June 2020 }}</ref> and now uses third parties around the world to provide its print publications.

In 2019, the press released a new concept in scholarly publishing through Cambridge Elements where authors whose works are either too short to be printed as a book or too long to qualify as a journal article could have these published within 12 weeks.<ref>{{citation |title=Annual Report for the year ended 30 April 2016 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/files/2914/6979/5859/CUP-Annual-Report-2016.pdf |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2021, Cambridge University Press merged with [[Cambridge Assessment]]. The new organisation was called [[Cambridge University Press & Assessment]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=20 October 2020|title=Cambridge University Press to join with Cambridge Assessment|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/cambridge-university-press-to-join-with-cambridge-assessment|access-date=25 February 2022|website=University of Cambridge|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shepard|first=Gabriel|date=5 August 2021|title=Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment merge|url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/university-cambridge-cambridge-university-press-21236845|access-date=25 February 2022|website=CambridgeshireLive|language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Amira Bennison]] was elected chair of the Cambridge University Press academic committee, replacing Kenneth Armstrong.<ref name=Comerford>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/bennison-made-chair-of-cups-academic-committee |title=Bennison made chair of CUP's academic committee |work=[[The Bookseller]] |first=Ruth |last=Comerford |date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Named printers at Cambridge University Press<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of University Printers |url=https://www.cambridge.org/us/bibles/about/printers,%20https://www.cambridge.org/us/bibles/about/printers |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref>
! Name !! From || To
|-
| Thomas Thomas || 1583 || 1588
|-
| [[John Legate]]
||1588
||before 1593
|-
| John Porter
||before 1593
||1606
|-
| Cantrell Legge
||1606
||before 1608
|-
| Thomas Brooke
||before 1608
||1622
|-
| Thomas Buck
||1625
||?
|-
| John Buck
||?
||1630
|-
| Francis Buck
||1630
||1632
|-
| Roger Daniel
||1632
||1650
|-
| John Legate
||1650
||1655
|-
| John Field
||1655
||1669
|-
| Matthew Whinn
||1669
||
|-
| John Hayes
||1669
||1680
|-
| John Peck
||1680
||1682
|-
| Hugh Martin
||1682
||1683
|-
| James Jackson
||1683
||1686
|-
| H Jenkes
||1693
||1697
|-
| Jonathan Pindar
||1697
||1705
|-
| Cornelius Crownfield
||1705
||1730
|-
| Mary Fenner, Thomas & John James
||1734
||1740
|-
| Joseph Bentham
||1740
||1758
|-
| [[John Baskerville]]
||1758
||1766
|-
| John Archdeacon
||1766
||1793
|-
| John Burges
||1793
||1802
|-
| John Deighton
||1802
||1804
|-
| Andrew Wilson
||1804
||1809
|-
| John Smith
||1809
||1836
|-
| John William Parker
||1836
||1854
|-
| George Seeley
||1854
||
|-
| Charles John Clay
||1854
||1882
|-
| John Clay
||1882
||1886
|-
| Charles Felix Clay
||1886
||1916
|-
| James Bennet Peace
||1916
||1923
|-
| Walter Lewis
||1923
||1945
|-
| Brooke Crutchley
||1945
||1974
|-
| Euan Phillips
||1974
||1976
|-
| Harris Myers
||1976
||1982
|-
| Geoffrey Cass
||1982
||1983
|-
| Philip Allin
||1983
||1991
|-
| [[Geoffrey Cass]]
||1991
||1992
|-
| Anthony K Wilson
||1992
||1999
|-
| Jeremy Mynott
||1999
||2002
|-
| Stephen Bourne
||2002
||2012
|-
| [[Peter Phillips (businessman)|Peter Phillips]]
||2011
|}

== Print and typographic heritage ==

=== People ===
* [[John Siberch]], in 1521 the first printer in Cambridge
* [[John Baskerville]] (1707–1775), the official printer; his Cambridge edition of the [[King James Bible]] (1763) was considered his masterpiece
* [[Bruce Rogers (typographer)|Bruce Rogers]] (1870–1957), appointed 'printing expert' at the press for two years in 1917
* [[Stanley Morison]] (1889–1967), typographical advisor both to the press and to the Monotype Corporation from 1925 to 1954 and, from 1929, also to ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper
* [[John Dreyfus]] (1918–2002), joined the press in 1939 and became Assistant Printer in 1949
* [[David Kindersley]] (1915–1995), designed a special typeface, ''Meliorissimo'', for the press's buildings, stationery, signs and vans
* [[John Peters (typographer)|John Peters]] (1917–1989), designer of Angelus (Monotype, 1954, a [[point (typography)|4 {{fraction|1|2}} point]] typeface for Bible composition at Cambridge University Press), Castellar (an open caps face, Monotype, 1954? or 1957), Fleet Titling (1967, Monotype Series 632), and Traveller (1964, a Monotype font done for the British Railways
*[[Gordon Johnson (historian)|Gordon Johnson]] (1943–), chair of the Syndicate governing Cambridge University Press from 1981 to 2010. [[Sandars Reader in Bibliography]] in 2009–2010 and lectured on "From printer to publisher: Cambridge University Press transformed, 1950 to 2010."<ref>Johnson, Gordon. 1999. ''Printing and Publishing for the University: Three Hundred Years of the Press Syndicate.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>

=== Publications ===
* 1584: the press's first publication was a book, ''Two Treatises of the Lord His Holie Supper''.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" />
* 1591: the first Cambridge Bible was printed by [[John Legate]]
* 1629: Cambridge folio edition of the [[King James Bible]] was printed by Thomas and John Buck.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" />
* 1633: ''The Temple'' by [[George Herbert]] (1593–1633) includes "[[Easter Wings]]". The poem's words and lines are arranged on the page to create a visual image of its subject.
* 1713: the second edition of [[Isaac Newton]]'s ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'' was published by the press.
* 1763: [[John Baskerville]]'s folio Bible, considered a masterpiece, uses his innovations with type, paper, ink, and the printing process.
* 1895: the first title by a [[Nobel Laureate]] was published: [[J. J. Thomson]]'s ''Elements of the Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism''.

== Current publications ==
{{Main list|List of Cambridge University Press book series|List of Cambridge University Press journals
}}

== Open access ==
Cambridge University Press has stated its support for a sustainable transition to [[open access]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Research |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/open-research |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> It offers a range of open access publishing options under the heading of Cambridge Open, allowing authors to comply with the [[Gold Open Access]] and [[Green Open Access]] requirements of major research funders. It published Gold Open Access journals and books and works with publishing partners such as learned societies to develop Open Access for different communities. It supports Green Open Access (also called Green archiving) across its journals and monographs, allowing authors to deposit content in institutional and subject-specific repositories. It also supports sharing on commercial sharing sites through its Cambridge Core Share service.

In recent years it has entered into several Read & Publish Open Access agreements with university libraries and consortia in several countries, including a landmark agreement with the University of California.<ref>{{cite press release |title=UC and Cambridge University Press Agree to Open Access Publishing Deal |publisher=[[University of California, Davis]] |url=https://www.library.ucdavis.edu/news/uc-and-cambridge-university-press-agree-to-open-access-publishing-deal |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kell |first=Gretchen |title=Post-Elsevier breakup, new publishing agreement 'a win for everyone' |date=11 April 2019 |url=https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/post-elsevier-breakup-new-publishing-agreement-win-everyone |website=University of California |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> In its 2019 Annual Report, Cambridge University Press stated that it saw such agreements "as an important stepping stone in the transition to Open Access".<ref>{{citation |title=Annual Report 2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/annual-report |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, the press joined with the [[University of Cambridge]]'s research and teaching departments to give a unified response to [[Plan S]], which calls for all publications resulting from publicly funded research to be published in compliant open access journals or platforms from 2020. The response emphasized Cambridge's commitment to an open access goal which works effectively for all academic disciplines, was financially sustainable for institutions and high-quality peer review, and which leads to an orderly transition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cambridge Submission to cOAlition S Consultation on Plan S |url=https://osc.cam.ac.uk/files/coalition_s_cambridge_submission_of_plan_s_8_feb_2019.pdf |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>

The Press is a member of the [[Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association]] and the International Association of STM Publishers.

In 2023, more than 50 per cent of Cambridge University Press research articles were in open access mode.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Majority of Cambridge Research Papers Now Open Access |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230205005004/en/Majority-of-Cambridge-Research-Papers-Now-Open-Access |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BusinessWire }}</ref>

== Nobel prize winners published by Cambridge University Press ==
{{div col}}
*[[J. J. Thomson]] (Physics – 1906)
*[[Ernest Rutherford]] (Chemistry – 1908)
*[[Niels Bohr]] (Physics – 1922)
*[[Werner Heisenberg]] (Physics – 1932)
*[[Charles Scott Sherrington]] (Medicine – 1933)
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]] (Physics – 1935)
*[[James Chadwick]] (Physics – 1935)
*[[Patrick Blackett]] (Physics – 1948)
*[[John Cockcroft]] (Physics – 1951)
*[[Ernest Hemingway]] (Literature – 1954)
*[[Alexander R. Todd]] (Chemistry – 1957)
*[[Max Perutz]] (Chemistry – 1962)
*[[Eugene Wigner]] (Physics – 1963)
*[[Max Born]] (Physics – 1964)
*[[Nikolay Basov]] (Physics – 1964)
*[[Richard Feynman]] (Physics – 1965)
*[[Derek Barton]] (Chemistry – 1969)
*[[Samuel Beckett]] (Literature – 1969)
*[[Simon Kuznets]] (Economics – 1971)
*[[Dennis Gabor]] (Physics – 1971)
*[[Kenneth Arrow]] (Economics – 1972)
*[[Burton Richter]] (Physics – 1976)
*[[James Meade]] (Economics – 1977)
*[[Nevill Francis Mott]] (Physics – 1977)
*[[Herbert A. Simon]] (Economics – 1978)
*[[Steven Weinberg]] (Physics – 1979)
*[[Abdus Salam]] (Physics – 1979)
*[[Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] (Physics – 1983)
*[[Gérard Debreu]] (Economics – 1983)
*[[Richard Stone]] (Economics – 1984)
*[[Franco Modigliani]] (Economics – 1985)
*[[James M. Buchanan]] (Economics – 1986)
*[[Wole Soyinka]] (Literature – 1986)
*[[Robert Solow]] (Economics – 1987)
*[[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]] (Physics – 1991)
*[[Robert Fogel]] (Economics – 1993)
*[[Douglass North]] (Economics – 1993)
*[[Harry Kroto]] (Chemistry – 1996)
*[[William Vickrey]] (Economics – 1996)
*[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]] (Physics – 1997)
*[[William Daniel Phillips|William Phillips]] (Physics – 1997)
*[[Amartya Sen]] (Economics – 1998)
*[[Gerard 't Hooft]] (Physics – 1999)
*[[Martinus J. G. Veltman]] (Physics – 1999)
*[[James Heckman]] (Economics – 2000)
*[[George Akerlof]] (Economics – 2001)
*[[Joseph Stiglitz]] (Economics – 2001)
*[[Daniel Kahneman]] (Economics – 2002)
*[[Vernon L. Smith]] (Economics – 2002)
*[[Clive Granger]] (Economics – 2003)
*[[Anthony James Leggett]] (Physics – 2003)
*[[Edmund Phelps]] (Economics – 2006)
*[[Leonid Hurwicz]] (Economics – 2007)
*[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (Peace Prize – 2007)
*[[Elinor Ostrom]] (Economics – 2009)
*[[Thomas A. Steitz]] (Chemistry – 2009)
*[[Christopher A. Pissarides]] (Economics – 2010)
*[[Peter Diamond]] (Economics – 2010)
*[[Christopher A. Sims]] (Economics – 2011)
*[[Alvin E. Roth]] (Economics – 2012)
*[[Angus Deaton]] (Economics – 2015)
*[[Kip Thorne]] (Physics – 2017)
*[[Joachim Frank]] (Chemistry – 2017)
*[[William Nordhaus]] (Economics – 2018)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Publisher of more than 170 Nobel Prize Laureates |url=https://www.cambridge.org/za/academic/awards/nobel-laureates |access-date= |website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== Organisational governance and operational structure ==

=== Relationship with the University of Cambridge ===
[[File:Cambridge University Press - geograph.org.uk - 4282539.jpg|thumb|The Pitt Building in Cambridge, which used to be the headquarters of Cambridge University Press, is now a conference venue.]]

Cambridge University Press was a non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge. The press has, since 1698, been governed by the press 'Syndics' (originally known as the 'Curators'),<ref name="historyofcup">{{cite book |last=McKitterick |first=David |title=A History of Cambridge University Press, Volume 2: Scholarship and Commerce, 1698–1872 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-30802-1 |page=61}}</ref> 18 senior members of the University of Cambridge who, along with other non-executive directors, bring a range of subject and business expertise.<ref name="statute">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Statutes J – The University Press |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/so/pdfs/cso_2_statutej_69.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607023628/http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/so/pdfs/cso_2_statutej_69.pdf |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=4 May 2011 |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] }}</ref> The Chair of the syndicate in 2021 was Professor [[Stephen Toope]] (Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Cambridge]]). The syndicate has delegated its powers to a Press & Assessment Board; and to an Academic Publishing Committee and an English Language Teaching & Education Publishing Committee.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The Press Syndicate |url=http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/press-syndicate/ |work=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>

The Press & Assessment Board is responsible for setting overarching strategic direction.<ref name=":0" /> The Publishing Committees provide quality assurance and formal approval of the publishing strategy.<ref name=":0" />

The operational responsibility of the press was delegated by the Syndics to the Secretary of the Syndicate and the Chief Executive.

=== Operational structure ===
Until August 2021, Cambridge University Press had three publishing groups:

* Academic Publishing: published research books and journals in science, technology, medicine, humanities, and the social sciences.<ref name="black">{{cite book
| title = A Short History of Cambridge University Press
| first = Michael
| last = Black
| pages = 65–66
| year = 2000
| isbn = 978-0-521-77572-4
| publisher = Cambridge University Press }}</ref> It also published advanced learning materials and reference content as well as 380 journals, of which 43 are 'Gold' Open Access. Open Access articles now account for 15 per cent of articles.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The group also published Bibles, and the press was one of only two publishers entitled to publish the [[Book of Common Prayer]] and the [[King James Version]] of the Bible in England.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Queen's Printers Patent|url=http://www.cambridge.org/home/page/item6459996/?site_locale=en_US|work=Cambridge University Press |access-date=15 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125225919/http://www.cambridge.org/home/page/item6459996/?site_locale=en_US|archive-date=25 January 2012}}</ref>
* English Language Teaching: published English language teaching courses and resources for learners of all ages around the world.<ref name="black" /> It offers a suite of integrated learning and assessment tools underpinned by the Cambridge Curriculum, a systematic approach to learning and evaluating proficiency in English. It works closely with [[Cambridge Assessment English|Cambridge Assessment]] through the joint initiative Cambridge Exams Publishing.
* Education: delivers educational products, services and software for primary, secondary and international schools. It collaborates with [[Cambridge Assessment]] and the [[University of Cambridge Faculty of Education]] to help countries such as Kazakhstan and Oman to improve their education systems.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} It also works with Cambridge Assessment to reach more schools and develop new products and services that improve teaching and learning. This area was merging with the schools team at Cambridge Assessment
From 1 August 2021 onwards, Cambridge University Press became solely the academic and bible publishing division of [[Cambridge University Press & Assessment]]. The English and education arms of the organisation merged with the equivalent departments of Cambridge Assessment to form new, merged divisions.

== Partnerships and acquisitions ==
* 2011, formed a partnership with Cambridge Assessment to publish official Cambridge preparation materials for Cambridge English and IELTS examinations.
* 2015, formed a strategic content and technology partnership with Edmodo, the world's most extensive e-learning platform for primary and secondary teachers and pupils, to bring premier educational content and technology to schools in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edmodo and Cambridge University Press Form Strategic Content and Technology Partnership|url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/media/press-releases/edmodo-and-cambridge-university-press-form-strategic-content-and-technology-partnership |date=20 January 2015 |access-date=30 June 2020|website=Cambridge University Press|language=en}}</ref>
* 2017, the University of Cambridge announced that Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment would work more closely in future under governance by the Press & Assessment Board.
* 2019, with Cambridge Assessment English acquired the Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring from Durham. CEM provides assessments to measure learner progress and potential, as well as 11 Plus exams for many UK independent and grammar schools.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cambridge Assessment Annual Report 2018-19|url=https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/Images/566110-annual-report-18-19.pdf |website=Cambridge Assessment Network and Research |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240307162337/https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/Images/566110-annual-report-18-19.pdf |archive-date= Mar 7, 2024 }}</ref>
* 2020, partnered with EDUCATE Ventures, the University College London edtech accelerator, to better understand the challenges and successes of home education during the lockdown.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EDUCATE Ventures and Cambridge University Press enter partnership to deliver major study on home learning during pandemic|url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/news/educate-ventures-and-cambridge-university-press-enter-partnership-deliver-major-study-home-learning-during-pandemic |date= 19 May 2020 |access-date=30 June 2020|website=Cambridge University Press|language=en}}</ref>
* 2020, partnered with online library [[Perlego]] to offer students access to digital textbooks.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Cambridge University Press partners with Perlego on online textbooks |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/cambridge-university-press-offer-textbooks-online-1200947|access-date=16 August 2020|website=The Bookseller |date=Apr 24, 2020 |first1=Ruth |last1=Comerford |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200918175153/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/cambridge-university-press-offer-textbooks-online-1200947 |archive-date= Sep 18, 2020 }}</ref>
* 2020, the University Cambridge announced it would create a "new unified organization" by merging Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment, to launch 1 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Single strategy. Single organisation. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/news/single-strategy-single-organisation/|website=Cambridge University Press |date= 20 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522145832/https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/news/single-strategy-single-organisation/ |archive-date= May 22, 2022 }}</ref>
* 2021, Cambridge Assessment and Cambridge University Press formally became one organisation under the name [[Cambridge University Press & Assessment]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=3 August 2021|title=Cambridge University Press and Assessment: Our ever-closer partnership|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/cambridge-university-press-and-assessment-our-ever-closer-partnership|access-date=15 February 2022|website=University of Cambridge|language=en}}</ref>

== Digital developments ==
[[File: Cambridge University Press sign.jpg|thumb|Cambridge University Press sign at the Cambridge HQ]]

In 2011, Cambridge University Press adopted [[SAP]] software. Cambridge University Press works closely with IT services firm Tech Mahindra on SAP, and with Cognizant and Wipro on other systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=CIO interview: Mark Maddocks, Cambridge University Press|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240236424/CIO-interview-Mark-Maddocks-Cambridge-University-Press|access-date=30 June 2020|website=ComputerWeekly.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=29 January 2014|title=Tech Mahindra deploys SAP sol for Cambridge University Press|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tech-mahindra-deploys-sap-sol-for-cambridge-university-press-114012900403_1.html|access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

{{anchor|Cambridge Core}}In 2016, Cambridge Books Online and Cambridge Journals Online were replaced by Cambridge Core – a single platform to access its publishing ("the home of academic content from Cambridge University Press"<ref name="cambridge.org/core/about">{{cite web |title=About Cambridge Core |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/about |website=Cambridge Core |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=11 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>). It provided significantly enhanced interfaces and upgraded navigation capabilities, as well as article-level and chapter-level content selection.<ref>{{citation
| title = Launching Cambridge Core
| date = September 2016
| url = https://ebookscambridge.wordpress.com/2016/09/01/launching-cambridge-core
| access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref> A year after Cambridge Core went live, the press launched Cambridge Core Share, functionality to allow users to generate and share links with free access to selected journal articles, an early sign of the press's commitment to open research.<ref>{{citation
| title = Sharing Platform Includes Content Usage Records
| date = 8 December 2017
| url = https://publishingperspectives.com/2017/12/cambridge-university-press-content-sharing-launch
| access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge University Press innovates with Cambridge Core Share {{!}} ISSN |url=https://www.issn.org/newsletter_issn/cambridge-university-press-launches-new-content-sharing-service-pilot/ |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=www.issn.org}}</ref>

In 2020, Cambridge University Press partnered with online library [[Perlego]] to offer students access to digital textbooks.<ref name=":5" />

In 2021, the press acquired CogBooks. The technology adapts and responds to users, "recommending course material needed to optimise learning".<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Cambridge University Press & Assessment acquires CogBooks |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/news/cambridge-university-press-assessment-acquires-cogbooks-1279594 |date=9 September 2021|first=Sian|last=Bayley|website=The Bookseller |language=En}}</ref>

In 2021, the press began migrating its website onto [[Drupal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cambridge University Press & Assessment|publisher=Acquia|url=https://www.acquia.com/resources/case-studies/cambridge-university-press-assessment|year=2021}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

===Tax exemption controversy===
In May 1940, CUP applied to the Inland Revenue for the exemption of its printing and publishing profits from taxation, equivalent to charitable status. After a November 1940 Inland Revenue hearing, CUP's application was refused "on the ground that, since the Press was printing and publishing for the outside world and not simply for the internal use of the University, the Press's trade went beyond the purpose and objects of the University and (in terms of the Act) was not exercised in the course of the actual carrying out of a primary purpose of the University".<ref>M. H. Black (1984), [http://www.akmedea.com/MHB-267.jpg ''Cambridge University Press 1584–1984''], Cambridge University Press, p. 267</ref> In November 1975, with CUP facing financial collapse,<ref>M. H. Black (1984), [http://www.akmedea.com/MHB-249.jpg ''Cambridge University Press 1584–1984''], Cambridge University Press, pp. 248–49</ref> CUP's chief executive Geoffrey Cass wrote a 60-page "preliminary letter" to the Inland Revenue again seeking tax-exemption. A year later Cass's application was granted in a letter from the Inland Revenue, though the decision was not made public.<ref>G Bridden (9 November 1976), [http://www.akmedea.com/MHB-267.jpg letter to Geoffrey Cass]</ref><ref>M. H. Black (1984), [http://www.akmedea.com/MHB-283.jpg ''Cambridge University Press 1584–1984''], Cambridge University Press, p. 282</ref> After consulting CUP, Cambridge's 'sister' press, the giant [[Oxford University Press]] presented their own submission and received similar exemption. In 2003 OUP's tax exemption was publicly attacked by Joel Rickett of [[The Bookseller]] in ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>Rickety, Joel (30 August 2003). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/30/featuresreviews.guardianreview21 "Latest news from the world of publishing"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> In 2007, with the new 'public benefit' requirement of the revised Charities Act, the issue was re-examined<ref>Jessica Shepherd (17 April 2007). [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2007/apr/17/administration.highereducation "Freedom of the presses"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> with particular reference to the OUP.<ref>Tom Tivnan (2007). [http://www.akmedea.com/bkslr5.jpg "Charities review could hit publishers"]. ''The Bookseller''.</ref> In 2008 CUP's and OUP's privilege was attacked by rival publishers.<ref>Philip Jones (24 April 2008). [https://www.thebookseller.com/news/rivals-attack-oup-and-cup "Rivals attack OUP and CUP"]. ''The Bookseller''.</ref><ref>Chris Koenig (16 May 2008). [https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/2276814.oup-status-attacked/ "OUP status attacked"]. ''Oxford Mail''</ref> In 2009 ''The Guardian'' invited author [[Andrew Malcolm (author)|Andrew Malcolm]] to write an article on the subject.<ref>Andrew Malcolm (15 April 2009), [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/apr/15/cambridge-univsersity-press-oxford "The Oxford presses aren't charities but are given unfair tax breaks"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref>

In 2007, from the National Archives at Kew, Malcolm obtained scans of CUP's unsuccessful applications for tax-exemption made in the 1940s and 1950s and their later successful applications in the 1970s. He then indexed and posted these on the Akmedea website.<ref>[https://www.akmedea.com/1940indx.html 'CUP'S and OUP'S claims for tax-exemption, 1940–1950", Index of scans on the Akmedea website]</ref><ref>[https://www.akmedea.com/75aindex.html 'CUP's and OUP's tax-exemption applications, 1975–78', Index of scans on the Akmedea website]</ref> Late in 2020, the papers held at Kew were withdrawn from public access and ruled closed for 50 years until 1 January 2029.<ref>[https://www.akmedea.com/scrnsht3.jpg Catalogue entry in the National Archives at Kew, a screenshot on the Akmedea website]</ref> This rendered the scans on the website their only public source.

In 2021, the documents were cited in a discussion on the formation of [[Cambridge University Press & Assessment]] reported in the [[Cambridge University Reporter]]. D.D.K.Chow of Trinity College, expressed concerns about the lack of academic leadership of the new body:{{Quotation|text="For 323 years, the Press has been tightly controlled under the University's academic leadership through the Press Syndicate (formerly Curators)...However, the Council's report proposes a Press and Assessment Syndicate, without such academic leadership....The proposed change in composition of the Syndicate...is in stark contrast to the arguments used by the Press to obtain its current tax exemption. In a landmark letter to the Inland Revenue in 1975, Sir Geoffrey Cass, then Chief Executive of the Press, wrote: "The Press of Cambridge University is actually no more than a department of the University, with no independent status of its own, governed by academic senior members of the University" and that it was not "an almost semi-independent 'international publisher'....Without adequate academic leadership, it would be all too easy for commercial concerns to override academic values, removing public benefit....If the Regent House does zippo to provide leadership on the Press and Assessment Syndicate, treating Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment as cash cows, there is little reason for the University to continue owning them."<ref name="Chow" />}}

=== Alms for Jihad ===
{{Main|Alms for Jihad}}

In 2007, controversy arose over the press's decision to destroy all remaining copies of its 2006 book ''[[Alms for Jihad|Alms for Jihad: Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World]]'', by Burr and Collins, as part of the settlement of a lawsuit brought by Saudi billionaire [[Khalid bin Mahfouz]].<ref>{{cite web | title = One Way Multiculturalism | work = [[The New York Sun]] | publisher = Ronald Weintraub | date = 6 August 2007 | first = Mark | last = Steyn | url = http://www.nysun.com/opinion/one-way-multiculturalism/59930/ | access-date = 4 May 2011}}</ref> Within hours, ''Alms for Jihad'' became one of the 100 most sought after titles on [[Amazon.com]] and [[eBay]] in the United States. The press sent a letter to libraries asking them to remove copies from circulation. The press subsequently sent out copies of an "errata" sheet for the book.

The [[American Library Association]] issued a recommendation to libraries still holding ''Alms for Jihad'': "Given the intense interest in the book, and the desire of readers to learn about the controversy first hand, we recommend that U.S. libraries keep the book available for their users." The publisher's decision did not have the support of the book's authors and was criticized by some who claimed it was incompatible with freedom of speech and with freedom of the press and that it indicated that [[English defamation law]]s were excessively strict.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bonus Books criticises CUP | work = The Bookseller | date =3 August 2007 | first=Anna | last = Richardson | url = http://www.thebookseller.com/news/bonus-books-criticises-cup.html | access-date = 4 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = A University Press stands up – and wins | publisher = Inside Higher Ed | access-date =4 May 2011 | first = Scott | last = Jaschick | url = http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/08/16/yaleup | date= 16 August 2007 }}</ref> In the ''[[New York Times Book Review]]'' (7 October 2007), [[United States Congressman]] [[Frank R. Wolf]] described Cambridge's settlement as "basically a book burning".<ref>{{cite news | title = Libel Without Borders | work = [[The New York Times]] | first = Rachel | last = Danadio | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/books/review/Donadio-t.html?ex=1350532800&en=a46a9c67602861ee&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink | date= 7 October 2007 | access-date = 4 May 2011 }}</ref> The press pointed out that, at that time, it had already sold most of its copies of the book.

The press defended its actions, saying it had acted responsibly and that it was a global publisher with a duty to observe the laws of many different countries.<ref>{{cite magazine | title = Why CUP acted responsibly | magazine = The Bookseller | date = 9 August 2007 | url = http://www.thebookseller.com/blogs/why-cup-acted-responsibly.html | access-date = 4 May 2011 | first = Kevin | last = Taylor }}</ref>

===''Cambridge University Press v. Patton''===
{{Main|Cambridge University Press v. Patton}}

In this case, originally filed in 2008, CUP et al. accused [[Georgia State University]] of infringement of copyright.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hafner|first=Katie|date=16 April 2008 |title = Publishers Sue Georgia State on Digital Reading Matter |newspaper = The New York Times |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/16/technology/16school.html |access-date=13 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The case closed on 29 September 2020, with GSU as the prevailing party.<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Andrew |last=Albanese |title=Publishers Escape Fee Award as GSU E-Reserves Case Finally Ends |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/84514-publishers-escape-fee-award-as-gsu-e-reserves-case-finally-ends.html |date=2 October 2020|magazine=Publishers Weekly}}</ref>

=== ''The China Quarterly'' ===
On 18 August 2017, following an "instruction" from a Chinese import agency, Cambridge University Press used the functionality that had been built into Cambridge Core to temporarily delete politically sensitive articles from ''[[The China Quarterly]]'' on its Chinese website. The articles focused on topics China regards as taboo, including the 1989 [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], [[Mao Zedong]]'s [[Cultural Revolution]], the 2014 Hong Kong [[2014 Hong Kong protests|protests]], and ethnic tensions in [[Xinjiang]] and [[Tibet]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-40975474 |title=《中國季刊》:對中國刪300多篇文章深表關注 |newspaper=BBC News 中文 |language=zh |trans-title=China Quarterly: Deeply concerned about China's deletion of more than 300 articles |date=18 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/media/press-releases/cambridge-university-press-statement-regarding-content-china-quarterly/ |title=Cambridge University Press statement regarding content in The China Quarterly |website=Cambridge University Press |language=en|date=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@millwarj/open-letter-to-cambridge-university-press-about-its-censorship-of-the-journal-china-quarterly-c366f76dcdac |title=Open Letter to Cambridge University Press about its censorship of the China Quarterly |last=Millward |first=James A. |date=19 August 2017 |website=Medium |access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2023}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/aug/20/cambridge-university-press-censorship-exposes-xi-jinpings-authoritarian-shift |title=Cambridge University Press censorship 'exposes Xi Jinping's authoritarian shift' |last=Phillips |first=Tomn|date=20 August 2017 |newspaper =The Guardian |access-date=20 August 2017 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 21 August 2017, in the face of growing international protests, Cambridge University Press announced it would immediately repost the articles to uphold the principle of academic freedom on which the university's work was founded.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/aug/21/cambridge-university-press-to-back-down-over-china-censorship |title=Cambridge University Press backs down over China censorship |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |date=21 August 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=22 August 2017|last2=Phillips |first2=Tom |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40998129 |title=Cambridge University Press reverses China censorship move |date=21 August 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=22 August 2017 }}</ref>

In a discussion reported in the [[Cambridge University Reporter]], D.K.K.Chow declared, "Without academic leadership on the matter, the University's basic ethical values were cast aside by commercial considerations. This instigated public debate, which would have been avoided had academic leadership been more vigilant, causing unnecessary damage to the University's reputation. The Press statement<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=The China Quarterly follow-up statement |url=https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/media/press-releases/china-quarterly-follow-statement |website=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> explained that lack of academic leadership was to blame: 'This decision was taken as a temporary measure pending discussion with the academic leadership of the University.'"<ref name="Chow">[https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2020-21/weekly/6611/6611.pdf? D.D.K.Chow, "Report of Discussion", ''Cambridge University Reporter'', 17 March 2021, 238–9.]</ref>

=== ''The Cambridge Handbook of Privatization'' ===
In February 2021, the forthcoming ''Cambridge Handbook of Privatization'' was found to have included a chapter by [[J. Mark Ramseyer]] in which he described Koreans murdered in the [[Kantō Massacre]] of 1923 as "gangs" that "torched buildings, planted bombs, [and] poisoned water supplies". Editors Avihay Dorfman and [[Alon Harel]] acknowledged the historical distortions of the chapter, but gave Ramseyer a chance to revise. Harel described the inclusion of the original chapter as an "innocent and very regrettable" mistake on the part of the editors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210220002400325 |title=Harvard professor Ramseyer to revise paper on 1923 massacre of Koreans in Japan: Cambridge handbook editor |last=Song|first= Sang-ho|date=20 February 2021|work=Yonhap News|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=159613 |title=Controversial Professor Denies Japan's Kanto Massacre of Koreans in 1923 |date=22 February 2021 |work=KBS World |access-date=22 February 2021 }}</ref>

== Corporate social responsibility ==
[[File:Cambridge University Press's stand at the Frankfurt Book Fair 2018.jpg|thumb|CUP stand at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] 2018]]

=== Community ===
The Press undertakes community engagement in Cambridge and around the world where there are Press employees. Annually, the press selects a UK Charity of the Year, which has included local charities Centre 33 (2016 and 2017), Rowan Humberstone (2018), and Castle School (2019). In 2016, some of the press's community works included its continued support to [[Westchester Community College]] in New York, the installation of hygienic facilities in an Indonesian rural school, raising funds to rehabilitate earthquake-stricken schools in [[Nepal]], and guiding students from [[Coleridge Community College]], Cambridge in a [[Curriculum vitae|CV]] workshop. On [[World Book Day]] 2016, the press held a digital [[Shakespeare]] publishing workshop for students and their teachers. Similarly, their Indian office conducted a workshop for teachers and students in 17 schools in Delhi to learn the whole process of book publishing. The press donated more than 75,000 books in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report for the year ended 30 April 2016|url=https://www.cambridge.org/files/2914/6979/5859/CUP-Annual-Report-2016.pdf|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>

An apprenticeship programme for people interested in careers in publishing was established in 2016;<ref>{{cite web | title = Annual Report for the year ended 30 April 2017 | url = https://www.cambridge.org/files/8915/0107/8071/Annual-Report-2017.pdf | access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref> by 2022 it had 200 active apprentices in the UK in a wide range of roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating National Apprenticeship Week|url=http://www.cambridge.org/news-and-insights/insights/Celebrating-National-Apprenticeship-Week|access-date=25 February 2022|website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment|date=7 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Building the future|url=http://www.cambridge.org/news-and-insights/insights/Building-the-future|access-date=25 February 2022|website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment|date=7 February 2022 }}</ref>

=== Environment ===
The Press monitors its emissions annually, has converted to energy-saving equipment, minimizes plastic use and ensures that their paper was sourced ethically.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Annual Report for the year ended 30 April 2018
| url = https://www.cambridge.org/about-us/annual-report/our-people
| access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref>

In 2019, the [[World Wildlife Fund]] awarded its highest score to the press of Three Trees, based on the press's timber purchasing policy, performance statement and its responsible sourcing of timber.<ref>{{cite web | title = WWF Timber Scorecard 2019 | url = https://www.wwf.org.uk/timberscorecard#scorecard-table | access-date = 25 July 2019 }}</ref> The press won the [[Independent Publishers Guild]] Independent Publishing Awards for sustainability in 2020 and in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Independent Publishing Awards |url=https://www.independentpublishersguild.com/IPG/Events/IPA/Independent_Publishing_Awards.aspx|access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Independent Publishers Guild }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 winners |url=https://www.independentpublishersguild.com/IPG/Events/Independent-Publishing-Awards/2021/IPG/Events/IPA/2021.aspx?hkey=cad03685-d4c3-4ad6-9ffc-94396751a593|access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Independent Publishers Guild }}</ref> Its public commitments to sustainability include being a signatory of the [[UN Global Compact]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge University Press & Assessment |url=https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants/138719-Cambridge-University-Press-Assessment |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=UN Global Compact}}</ref> and to the goals of the [[Cambridge Zero]] initiative run by the University of Cambridge – to being carbon zero on all energy-related emissions by 2048.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environment |url=https://www.cambridge.org/people-and-planet/environment |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment}}</ref>

Cambridge University Press was a signatory of the [[SDG Publishers Compact]],<ref name="members">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact Members |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact-members/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="UN">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs) in the publishing industry.
These include publishing a new set of open access journals known as Cambridge Prisms, relevant to the SDGs, that includes ''Coastal Futures'', ''Precision Medicine'', ''Global Mental Health'', ''Extinction'', ''Plastics'', ''Water'' and ''Drylands''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cambridge Prisms |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications/collections/cambridge-prisms |website=Cambridge Core |language=en}}</ref> Cambridge also worked with the [[Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers]] (ALPSP) to create the University Press Redux Sustainability Award in 2020.<ref name="Haseeb">{{cite news |last1=Irfanullah |first1=Haseeb |title=How are Publishing Associations Leading the Way to Meet the SDGs? |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2023/02/20/how-are-publishing-associations-leading-the-way-to-meet-the-sdgs/ |work=The Scholarly Kitchen |date=20 February 2023}}</ref> The inaugural award was given to the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) for its SDG Pathfinder, an open-access digital discovery tool for finding content and data relating to the SDGs.<ref name="OECD">{{cite web |title=OECD Wins Inaugural University Press Redux Sustainability Award |url=https://www.alpsp.org/news/oecd-wins-inaugural-university-press-redux-sustainability-award-july-2020/258626 |website=Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers |date=27 July 2020 |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804135057/https://www.alpsp.org/news/oecd-wins-inaugural-university-press-redux-sustainability-award-july-2020/258626 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SDG Pathfinder |url=https://sdg-pathfinder.org/#/ |website=sdg-pathfinder.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Anonymous; ''The Student's Guide to the University of Cambridge. Third Edition, Revised and Partly Re-written''; Deighton Bell, 1874 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; {{ISBN|978-1-108-00491-6}})
* Anonymous; ''War Record of the Cambridge University Press 1914–1919''; Cambridge University Press, 1920; (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; {{ISBN|978-1-108-00294-3}})
* ''A History of Cambridge University Press, Volume 1: Printing and the Book Trade in Cambridge, 1534–1698''; McKitterick, David; 1992; {{ISBN|978-0-521-30801-4}}
* ''A History of Cambridge University Press, Volume 2: Scholarship and Commerce, 1698–1872''; McKitterick, David; 1998; {{ISBN|978-0-521-30802-1}}
* ''A History of Cambridge University Press, Volume 3: New Worlds for Learning, 1873–1972''; McKitterick, David; 1998; {{ISBN|978-0-521-30803-8}}
* ''A Short History of Cambridge University Press''; Black, Michael; 2000; {{ISBN|978-0-521-77572-4}}
* ''Cambridge University Press 1584–1984''; Black, Michael, foreword by Gordon Johnson; 2000; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66497-4}}, Hardback {{ISBN|978-0-521-26473-0}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource publisher|Cambridge University Press}}
{{Commons category|Cambridge University Press}}
* [https://www.cambridge.org/files/7313/7908/4851/History_for_external_website.pdf A Brief History of Cambridge University Press] (PDF)

{{coord|52.1882|0.1320|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
{{University of Cambridge}}
{{Cambridge History series}}
{{Portal bar|Books|Companies|England}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cambridge University Press| ]]
[[Category:1534 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Institutions of the University of Cambridge|Press]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:University presses of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companies based in Cambridge]]
[[Category:Shops in Cambridge]]
[[Category:Organizations established in the 1530s]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in the 16th century]]

Kurangu Pedal

2026-03-27T20:18:52Z

MYRA: New Basic Stub W/ Sources - done

{{short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Kurangu Pedal.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kamala Kannan
| writer = Kamala Kannan
| based_on = {{based on|''Cycle''|Rasi Alagappan}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
* Savitha Shanmugam
* SuMee Baskaran
* Sanjay Jayakumar
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Santhosh Velmurugan
* V. R. Ragavan
* M.Gnanasekar
}}
| cinematography = SuMee Baskaran
| editing = Shivanandeeswaran
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| studio = Sivakarthikeyan Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|5|03|df=yes}}{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kurangu Pedal''''' ({{translation|Monkey pedal}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by Kamala Kannan. The film stars Santhosh Velmurugan, V.R.Ragavan and M.Gnanasekar in the lead roles. The film was produced by [[Sivakarthikeyan]], Savitha Shanmugam, Sanjay Jayakumar and SuMee Baskaran under the banner of Sivakarthikeyan Productions.

== Plot ==
Mariappan, a spirited fifth-grader living in Katheri in the 1980s, resolves to master bicycling during summer vacation. This sets the scene for a life-altering adventure with his father and friends.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Santhosh Velmurugan as Mariappan
* V. R. Ragavan
* M. Gnanasekar
* Rathish
* Sai Ganesh
* [[Kaali Venkat]] as Kandasamy
* Prasanna Balachander as [[Bicycle|Cycle]] shop owner
* Jenson Dhivakar
* Dhakshana as Mariappan's sister
}}

== Reception ==
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3 out 5 and stated that "Kurangu Pedal indeed manages to provide a nostalgic journey with its nuanced character portrayals and engaging writing".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kurangu Pedal Movie Review : An earnest attempt that engages in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kurangu-pedal/movie-review/109746880.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503230247/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kurangu-pedal/movie-review/109746880.cms |archive-date=2024-05-03 |access-date=2024-05-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]'' noted that "Although there are some flaws in the second half, you can forget it and enjoy it. Actor Sivakarthikeyan can be proud of making such a simple and beautiful film" and gave the film a rating of three out of five stars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=திரை விமர்சனம்: குரங்கு பெடல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1242550-kurangu-pedal-movie-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508101447/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1242550-kurangu-pedal-movie-review.html |archive-date=2024-05-08 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that the film is an "An off-balanced yet heart-warming tale on childhood aspirations".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2024-05-04 |title='Kurangu Pedal' movie review: An off-balanced yet heart-warming tale on childhood aspirations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kurangu-pedal-movie-review-an-off-balanced-yet-heart-warming-tale-on-childhood-aspirations/article68137365.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509052223/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kurangu-pedal-movie-review-an-off-balanced-yet-heart-warming-tale-on-childhood-aspirations/article68137365.ece |archive-date=2024-05-09 |access-date=2024-05-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Cinema Vikatan]]'' gave a mixed review.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=ஹரி பாபு, Srinivasan |date=2024-05-03 |title=Kurangu Pedal Movie Review {{!}} Vikatan Review {{!}} Kamala Kannan {{!}} Sivakarthikeyan |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-kamalakannans-kurangu-pedal-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508101442/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-kamalakannans-kurangu-pedal-movie-review |archive-date=2024-05-08 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref>

Anusha Sundar of ''[[OTTplay]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and stated that "''Kurangu Pedal'' is a film that doesn’t scream big emotions, because it tucks away all its learnings much like the father character, to its nooks and corners of one-liners. It has some tough walls to break and had it only, it would have won the race in the most glorious fashion."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurangu Pedal Movie Review: Nostalgic tale which needs more exploration |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/kurangu-pedal-movie-review-a-nostalgic-tale-of-childhood-which-could-have-been-explored-more/ef3aa6874d243 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of films about bicycles and cycling]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt18748910}}

[[Category:Films scored by Ghibran Vaibodha]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Sivakarthikeyan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
{{Improve categories|date=May 2024}}

North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited

2026-03-27T03:40:20Z

MYRA: enhanced layout after review per standard format

{{Short description|Public company in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited
| logo = NBPDCL logo.png
| type = [[Public sector|Government owned]]
| foundation = 1 November 2012 (Carved out of BSEB)
| location = [[Patna, Bihar]], India
| key_people = Mukul Kumar Gupta, IAS,
'Managing Director, NBPDCL'
| area_served = 21 [[Districts of Bihar|districts of North Bihar]] {{collapsible list |West Champaran|East Champaran|Sitamarhi|Sheohar|Muzaffarpur|Vaishali|Saran|Siwan|Gopalgunj|Madhubani|Darbhanaga|Samastipur|Begusarai| Khagaria| Saharsa | Supaul | Madhepura | Araria | Katihar| Purnea | Kishanganj}}
| industry = [[Electricity distribution]]
| products = [[Electricity]]
| revenue =
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Government of Bihar]]
| homepage = {{url|nbpdcl.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited''' is a [[Government-owned corporation|public sector undertaking]] (PSU) controlled by the [[Government of Bihar]], India. It was formed on 1 November 2012 under section 14 of the Electricity Act of 2003, and is the successor to the erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bseb-unbundled-5-companies-come-into-being-from-today-112110100407_1.html | title=BSEB unbundled, 5 companies come into being from today | newspaper=Business Standard | agency=PTI | date=1 November 2012 | accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
The company has an infrastructure facility in its operating area with 246 power system stabilizers, 506 power transformers, 139 33 kV feeders, 825 11 kV feeders and around 20,900 distribution transformers of various capacities.<ref name="glance">{{cite web | url=http://www.nbpdcl.in/AtGlance.aspx?GL=2&PL=2 | title=NBPDCL- At a glance | publisher=nbpdcl.in | accessdate=11 June 2016 | archive-date=16 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616211853/http://www.nbpdcl.in/AtGlance.aspx?GL=2&PL=2 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Network==
The company encompasses an area of 21 districts of northern Bihar further divided into 29 divisions: [[Araria]] - I, Bagha, Bairagania, [[Barauli, Bihar|Barauli]], [[Barauni]], [[Barsoi]], [[Begusarai]], [[Bettiah]], [[Chhapra]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Forbesganj]], Gogari, Gopalganj, [[Hajipur]], [[Katihar]], [[Khagaria]], Mahnar Bazar, [[Motihari]], [[Narkatiaganj]], [[Purnia]], Ramnagar, Revelganj, [[Samastipur]], [[Sitamarhi]], [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], [[Sonpur, Bihar|Sonpur]], Sugauli, [[Kishanganj]], [[Madhepura]], [[Raxaul]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.northbiharbills.org/ | title=Online Electricity Bill Payment System | publisher=northbiharbills.org/| accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref> Catering to the power requirements of around 1.8 million consumers in 2012.<ref name="glance"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Energy}}
*[[Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited]]
*[[South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{State agencies of Bihar}}
{{Power stations of Bihar}}

[[Category:Electric power distribution network operators in India]]
[[Category:Energy in Bihar]]
[[Category:State agencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:State electricity agencies of India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 2012]]
[[Category:Nitish Kumar]]

Hosa Belaku

2026-03-25T12:17:48Z

MYRA: refine article and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|1982 Kannada romantic drama film directed by Dorai Bhagwan duo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Hosa Belaku.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Dorai–Bhagavan]]
| writer = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = [[Vani (writer)|Vani]]
| screenplay = Dorai - Bhagwan
| based_on = {{Based on|''Hosa Belaku''|Vani}}
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar]] [[Saritha]] [[Srinivasa Murthy]]
| producer = S. A. Srinivas Sadanand Rajashekar Shivaram
| music = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| cinematography = [[B. C. Gowrishankar]]
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio = Kathyayini Cine Arts
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1982|03|05}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/haalu-jenu-a-look-back.6313/#post-545490|title=Haalu Jenu A Look Back|date=3 June 2015|accessdate=10 November 2019|last=sandalwoodking|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526070752/http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/haalu-jenu-a-look-back.6313/#post-545490|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
| runtime = 148 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}
'''''Hosa Belaku''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಹೊಸಬೆಳಕು.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|New Light}}) is a 1982 [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] duo. It is based on the novel of the same name by [[Vani (writer)|Vani]].<ref>{{cite web|date=24 April 2019|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raj-festival-a-mirror-of-the-grooms-novel-films|website=udayavani.com|title=Raj Festival|access-date=20 June 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505142131/https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raj-festival-a-mirror-of-the-grooms-novel-films|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sapnaonline.com/hosa-belaku-300886|title=Hosa Belaku novel|website=sapnaonline.com|accessdate=14 March 2014|archive-date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314133647/https://sapnaonline.com/hosa-belaku-300886|url-status=live}}</ref> The film starred [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Saritha]], Mamatha Rao and [[K. S. Ashwath]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/hosabelaku.html|title=Hosa Belaku movie|access-date=14 March 2014|last=Entertainment.oneindia|archive-date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314144443/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/movies/hosabelaku.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The movie saw a theatrical run of 26 weeks.<ref name="Chalanachitra">{{cite web| url=http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717135525/http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8| url-status=dead| archive-date=17 July 2007|date=7 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2018|last=chitratara|title=Raja of Chalanachitra}}</ref>

The film was a musical blockbuster with all the songs composed by [[M. Ranga Rao]] considered to be evergreen hits. He was awarded with the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|State Award for Best Music Director]] for the year.

== Plot ==
Ravi (Rajkumar) works in Delhi. He goes to Mysore to spend time with his sister and her family, which comprises her husband (Ashwath), a college-going daughter Nagaveni (Shobha), a young son (Master Lohith) and a step-daughter Vatsala (Sarita). Being a typical step-mother, the sister ill treats Vatsala all the time much to the dismay of Ravi. He tries to lessen Vatsala's troubles by pretending to help his sister and obtains her consent to send Vatsala to college. Vatsala and Ravi slowly fall in love.

Back in Delhi, Ravi's boss's daughter (Mamatha Rao) has fallen in love with him. Realizing he loves Vatsala Ravi resigns from his job and relocates to Mysore. When the sister learns that Vatsala and Ravi are in love, she blackmails Vatsala and forces her to reject Ravi so that Nagaveni can marry Ravi instead. When a dejected Ravi meets with an accident, and becomes blind Nagaveni refuses to marry him. Vatsala's marriage has been arranged against her consent. The succeeding events lead to a happy ending.

== Cast ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Actor
! Role
|-
| [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
| ''Ravi''
|-
| [[Saritha]]
| ''Vatsala''
|-
| [[Srinivasa Murthy]]
| ''Murthy''
|-
| Mamatha Rao
| ''Latha''
|-
| [[K. S. Ashwath]]
| ''Gopalayya''
|-
| [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Lohith]]
| ''Puttu''<ref>{{cite web|date=14 April 2012|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/242077/in-starry-footsteps.html|title=In Starry Footsteps|last=deccanherald|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-date=29 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429185141/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/242077/in-starry-footsteps.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dubbing Janaki]]
|''Rajarajeshwari''
|-
| [[Shivaram]]
| ''Rajaraya''
|-
| [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
|
|-
| [[Rathnakar (actor)|Rathnakar]]
| ''Astrologer''
|-
|}
|[[Shobha]]
| '' Nagaveni ''

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Hosa Belaku
| cover =
| border =
| artist = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| type = Soundtrack
| language = Kannada
| released = 1985<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sangeethamusic.com/album/hosa-belaku/|title=Hosa Belaku Sangeetha|last=Sangeethamusic|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110093236/https://www.sangeethamusic.com/album/hosa-belaku/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 1982
| label = Sangeetha
| director = M. Ranga Rao
}}
The music was composed by [[M. Ranga Rao]] with lyrics by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kannadasongmp3.blogspot.in/2009/12/hosa-belaku.html|title=Hosa Belaku songs|last=Kannadasongmp3|date=December 2009|access-date=14 March 2014|archive-date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314140743/http://kannadasongmp3.blogspot.in/2009/12/hosa-belaku.html|url-status=live}}</ref> All the songs composed for the film were received extremely well and considered as evergreen songs. The song ''Kanneeradhaare'' was based on [[Jagjit Singh]]'s ghazal ''Koi Pass Aaya Sawere Sawere'' and was composed in Lalit raaga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-difference-of-sameness/article22814064.ece|title=The difference of sameness|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627154937/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-difference-of-sameness/article22814064.ece|archive-date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/why-rajkumar-songs-live-on-829706.html|title=Why Rajkumar songs live on|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 June 2024|date=25 April 2020|archive-date=27 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627155835/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/why-rajkumar-songs-live-on-829706.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ravi Neenu Aagasadinda
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]], [[Dr. Rajkumar]]
| lyrics1 = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Hosa Belaku
| extra2 = Dr. Rajkumar
| lyrics2 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length2 =
| title3 = Cheluveye Ninna Nodalu
| extra3 = Dr. Rajkumar, S. Janaki
| lyrics3 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length3 =
| title4 = Neenade Baalige Jyothi
| extra4 = S. Janaki, Dr. Rajkumar
| lyrics4 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length4 =
| title5 = Kannera Dhaare
| extra5 = Dr. Rajkumar
| lyrics5 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length5 =
| title6 = Theredide Mane
| extra6 = S. Janaki, [[Vani Jayaram]]
| lyrics6 = [[Kuvempu]]
| length6 =
}}

==Awards==
[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] 1981–82
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - [[M. Ranga Rao]]
[[Filmfare Awards South]] 1982
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress (Kannada)]] - [[Saritha]]
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/hosa-belaku/movieawards/65227797.cms|title=Saritha award|accessdate=10 November 2019|website=timesofindia.com|archive-date=8 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108155622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/hosa-belaku/movieawards/65227797.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1416714}}

{{Dorai–Bhagavan}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1982 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. Ranga Rao]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films about blind people in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dorai–Bhagavan]]

Kabuliwala (short story)

2026-03-15T09:01:28Z

MYRA: adjusted information for clarity for accuracy

{{Short description|Short story of India by Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox short story
| name = Kabuliwala
| image = 
| caption = Kabuliwala
| author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| series =
| genre =
| published_in = ''Sadhana''
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1892
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}
'''Kabuliwala''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] short story written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1892,<ref name="radice1991">[[William Radice|Radice, William]] (tr.), 1991.''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TUcLTARmOnkC Selected Short Stories]''. pp. 295-302.</ref><ref name="Chattopadhyay2010">{{cite book|last=Tagore|first=Rabindranath|editor=Chattopadhyay, Ratan Kumar|title=Selections from Galpaguchchha (3 volumes)|url=http://www.orientblackswan.com/BookDescription?isbn=978-81-250-4047-7&txt=Galpaguchchha&t=d|year=2010|publisher=Orient Blackswan}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> during Tagore's "Sadhana" period (named for one of Tagore's magazines) from 1891 to 1895. The story is about a fruit seller, a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] (his name is Rahmat) from [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]], who visits Calcutta (present day [[Kolkata|Kolkata, India]]) each year to sell dry fruits. While living in India, he develops a filial affection for a five-year-old girl, Mini, from a middle-class aristocratic family, who reminds him of his own daughter back home in Afghanistan.

==Theme and plot==
The main theme of this story is that humans, no matter what their nationality, are all the same, as symbolised by filial affection—the deep love that fathers have for their children.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabuliwala is the heart-rending childhood tale of innocence, love & fate|url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/kabuliwala-is-the-heart-rending-childhood-tale-of-innocence-love-fate/275259/|publisher=[[The Print]]|first=Madhavi|last=Pothukuchi|date=10 August 2019|accessdate=16 May 2021}}</ref>
In the story there are three examples of filial affection—the narrator and his daughter Mini; the Kabuliwala "Rahmat" and his own daughter in Afghanistan; and the Rahmat "Kabuliwala" and Mini. In this story Rahmat comes to India every year to sell dry-fruits and to meets a girl named Mini. He had a physical altercation with a person while collecting debts and was imprisoned. Eight years later, he was released from jail. He returned to meet Mini at her house on her wedding day, but she had grown up and did not recognise him. Her father, however, gave him some money so that he could visit his own daughter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Places to Go Kabuliwala by Rabindranath Tagore|url=https://www.thereader.org.uk/places-to-go-kabuliwala-by-rabindranath-tagore/|publisher=thereader.org|first=Rachael|last=Norris|date=26 June 2020|accessdate=16 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kabuliwala|url=https://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2328/3401/Kabuliwala.pdf;jsessionid=94CF3211DC0717A9F55E77E766DD7455?sequence=1|publisher=thereader.org|first=Mohammad Abdul|last=Quayum|date=2 May 2009|accessdate=16 May 2021}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
The story has adapted a number of times as listed below:
* ''[[Kabuliwala (1957 film)|Kabuliwala]]'', a 1957 Bengali movie
* ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]'', a 1961 Hindi movie
* ''[[Kabuliwala (2006 film)|Kabuliwala]]'', a 2006 Bengali movie
* ''[[Stories by Rabindranath Tagore|Kabuliwala]]'', a 2015 episode in the television series ''[[Stories by Rabindranath Tagore]]''
* ''[[Bioscopewala]]'', a 2018 Hindi movie
* ''[[Kabuliwala (2023 film)|Kabuliwala]]'', a 2023 Bengali movie<ref>{{IMDb title |qid=Q121161335 |title=Kabuliwala (2023) |id=28541110 }}</ref>
* Balloon Dog, a 2025 play written by [[Jacob Rajan]] and Justin Lewis<ref>{{cite web |title=Balloon Dog |url=https://indianink.co.nz/our-plays/balloondog/ |website=[[Indian Ink Theatre Company]] |location=Auckland NZ |year=2025 |access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of works by Rabindranath Tagore]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SJR7n1H7kwcC&pg=PA151 Onward English Reader]'' – 7 (new Edition), by Strevens P, {{ISBN|9788125005858}}
* Short Stories from Rabindranath Tagore, by Rabindranath Tagore, translation Pratima Bowes, 1999, East-West Publications (U.K.) Limited, {{ISBN|9780856921445}}
* Downloadable [https://fac.flinders.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2328/3401/Kabuliwala.pdf Kabuliwala in English] (translated by Mohammad A. Quayum)
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32377276 The 'Kabuliwala' Afghans of Kolkata], published by BBC

{{Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{Kabuliwala}}

[[Category:Works by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Indian short stories]]
[[Category:Indian short stories adapted into films]]
[[Category:Kolkata in fiction]]
[[Category:Kabul]]
[[Category:Afghanistan–India cultural relations]]
[[Category:Short stories about law]]

Kavitha Gowda

2026-03-14T10:51:07Z

MYRA:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kavitha
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|7|26|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]] state
| othername =
| occupation = Actress, Dancer
| years active = 2015 - present
| known_for = [[Lakshmi Baramma]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Chandan Kumar]]|2021}}
}}

'''Kavitha''' is an Indian film and television actress who predominantly works in Kannada and Tamil television series. She gained popularity in the [[Kannada]] television soap opera ''[[Lakshmi Baramma]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-have-found-a-reason-to-smile-again-kavitha-gowda/articleshow/61517270.cms|title=I have found a reason to smile again: Kavitha Gowda|website=Times of India|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref> She was appreciated for her debut in the Kannada films ''[[Srinivasa Kalyana]]'' and ''First Love''.'''<ref>{{cite web|url =https://behindtalkies.com|title = Kavitha Gowda -Biography, Wiki, DOB, Family, Profile, Movies list | date = 21 October 2018}}</ref>'''

== Career ==
Kavitha made her debut in acting with the popular [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television show ''[[Mahabharatham (TV series)|Mahabharatham]]''. Kavitha entered the Kannada television industry with ''[[Lakshmi Baramma]]'', where she played the role of innocent village girl Lakshmi aka Lacchi aka Chinnu. After Kavitha's appearance in ''Lakshmi Baramma'', she was recognized as "Chinnu", creating a buzz among the fans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavitha-gowda-bigg-boss-kannada-6-contestant-biography/articleshow/67584249.cms |title=Kavitha Gowda - Bigg Boss Kannada 6 contestant: Biography |date=18 January 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>

The actress has also acted in various Tamil soaps ''[[Neeli (TV series)|Neeli]]'', [[Pandiyan Stores|''Pandian stores'']] and was recently seen in the popular soap ''Vidya Vinayaka'' which was aired in [[Zee Kannada]]. However, She left Pandian Stores and was replaced by Hema Rajkumar because she went to Bigg Boss Kannada 6.

She acted in the films ''Srinivasa Kalyana'' (2016) and ''First Love'' (2017).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com|title= Kavitha Gowda:Movies, Photoes, Videos, News & Biography | work=The Times of India | date = 8 April 2019}}</ref>

She participated in the [[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 6)|''Bigg Boss Kannada'' season 6]], and emerged as the [[Second runner up|Second Runner-up]] of the show.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com|title=Kavitha Gowda Talks about the Relationship with Bigg Boss 6 Winner Shashi; she wants Andy to regret|date=1 February 2019|work=Filmibeat}}</ref>

She then participated in ''[[Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star|Thaka Dimi Tha Dancing Star]]'', a dancing reality show on [[Colors Kannada]] but was eliminated in the semi-finale round.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-am-here-to-fight-says-takadhimita-contestant-kavitha-gowda/articleshow/68214751.cms|title=I am here to fight, says Takadhimita contestant Kavitha Gowda|website=Times of India|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Srinivasa Kalyana]]''
|Akshara
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''First Love''
|
|
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Gubbi Mele Brahmastra]]''
|Purple Priya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/gubbi-mele-bhramahastra/movieshow/70432243.cms|title=Details about Gubbi Mele Bhramahastra|website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/jul/21/its-kempegowd-2-and-gubbi-mele-brahmastra-for-varamahalakshmi-2007367.html|title=It's 'Kempegowda 2' and 'Gubbi Mele Brahmastra' for Varamahalakshmi|website=New Indian Express}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Birbal Trilogy]]''
|Sheela
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| [[Govinda Govinda (2021 Film)|''Govinda Govinda'']]
|Alamelu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu]]''
|Ashika
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kavitha-gowda-joins-the-cast-of-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu/articleshow/69146306.cms|title=Kavitha Gowda joins the cast of 'Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu'|website=Times of India|access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
! class="unsortable" |Role
! class="unsortable" |Language
! class="unsortable" |Channel
! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[Mahabharatham (TV series)|Mahabharatham]]''
|''Subangi''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
|''[[Swathi Chinukulu (TV series)|Swathi Chinukulu]]''
|Unknown
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|
|-
|2013 - 2016
|''[[Lakshmi Baramma]]''
|Lakshmi
|[[Kannada]]
|[[Colors Kannada]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2016 - 2017
|''[[Neeli (TV series)|Neeli]]''
|Rekha
|Tamil
|[[Star Vijay]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kaitha-to-play-her-first-negative-role-in-neeli/articleshow/56517473.cms|title=Kavitha to play her first negative role in Neeli|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2017 - 2018
|''Vidhya Vinayaka''
|Vidhya
|Kannada
|[[Zee Kannada]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Pandiyan Stores]]''
|Meenakshi (Meena)
|Tamil
|[[Star Vijay]]
|Replaced by Hema Rajkumar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/pandiyan-stores-serial-actress-kavitha/|title=Actress Kavitha Gowda quits Pandian Stores|website=Behind talkies}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 6)|Bigg Boss Kannada 6]]''
| rowspan="4" |Contestant
|Kannada
| rowspan="2" |[[Colors Kannada]]
|2nd Runner Up
|-
|2019
|''[[Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star|Thakadimitha]]''
| rowspan="3" |Kannada
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Cookku with Kirikku]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Suvarna]]
| rowspan="2" |Finalist
|-
|''[[Dance Dance (TV series)|Dance Dance]]''
|-
|2022
|'' [[Anbe Sivam (TV series)|Anbe Sivam]]''
|Anbu selvi
|Tamil
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8737237}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gowda, Kavitha}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Anglo-Maratha Wars

2026-03-12T06:36:44Z

MYRA: minor fixed page based on references for consistency

'''Anglo-Maratha Wars''' may refer to:

* [[First Anglo-Maratha War]] (1775–1782)
* [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805)
* [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] (1817–1819)
* [[Gwalior campaign]] (1843)

== See also ==
* Description of the armed forces of the opposing sides:
** [[History of the British Army]]
** [[History of the Royal Navy (after 1707)]]
** [[Maratha army]]
** [[Maratha Navy]]
* [[Maratha (disambiguation)]]
* [[Mahratta (disambiguation)]]
* [[Mahratta War (disambiguation)]]

{{sia}}

[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha Empire|*]]

Parichchedi

2026-03-11T14:04:37Z

MYRA: data

{{Short description|Medieval Andhra dynasty}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
The '''Parichchedis''' were a medieval chiefly lineage in [[Coastal Andhra|Andhra]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talbot |first1=Cynthia |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |date=20 September 2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-803123-9 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |ref=Thus, Durjaya is cited as an ancestor by many chiefly lineages from Telangana—including the Kakatiyas (IAPW.29), Malyalas (HAS 13.8), Viryalas (IAP-W.27)—as well as by lineages from coastal Andhra such as the Konakandravadis (SII 4.780), the Ivani Kandravadis (SII 10.253), the Kondapadmatis (ARE 346 of 1937-38), the Parichchhedis (SII 10.430), and the Chagis (SII 4.748). |language=en}}</ref> They belonged to the Vasistha gotra.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=V |first=Yashoda Devi |url=https://archive.org/details/svuorientaljourn015489mbp/page/n65/mode/2up |title=Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Journal |publisher=Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Research Institute |year=1975 |volume=18 |pages=58 |trans-title=Social and Economic Structure in Ândhradesa in the Reddi Age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sōmaśēkharaśarma|first=Mallampalli|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066/page/n283/mode/2up|title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (circa. 1325 A.D. to Circa 1448 A.D.)|date=|publisher=Andhra University|year=1946|pages=267|language=en}}</ref> According to V. Yashoda Devi, the Parichchedis are one of the four lineages—alongside the [[Kota Vamsa|Kotas]], [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiyas]], and Varnatas—from whom the Kshatriyas of the Telugu country have descended.<ref name=":2" />

== History ==
The Parichchedis were initially the ''[[samanta]]s'' (vassals) of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ|title=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|last=Congress|first=Indian History|date=1997|publisher=Indian History Congress.|volume=57|pages=145|language=en}}</ref> They originated from social groups such as the ''besta'' (fisherman) and peasant groups of the [[Shudra]] varna.<ref name=":0" /> After becoming rulers, they claimed [[Kshatriya]] status.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pande |first1=Rekha |title=Divine Sounds from the Heart—Singing Unfettered in their Own Voices: The Bhakti Movement and its Women Saints (12th to 17th Century) |date=13 September 2010 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-2525-2 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYEnBwAAQBAJ&dq=Divine+Sounds+from+the+Heart+Singing+Unfettered+in+Their+Own+Voices+The+Bhakti+Movement+and+Its+Women+Saints+(12th+to+17th+Century)&pg=PR7 |language=en}}</ref> They also claimed descent from [[Durjaya (Andhra chieftain)|Durjaya]], a legendary chieftain of ancient Andhra.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talbot |first1=Cynthia |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |date=20 September 2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803123-9 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |date=1986 |title=Volume 38, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-xtAAAAMAAJ |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society |language=en |publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society. |page= |pages=119}}</ref> These claims of [[Kshatriya]] origin and descent from semi-mythical and mythical persons demonstrate a tendency of the medieval Brahmanical society to absorb lower caste rulers into Kshatriya fold.<ref name=":1" /> They were staunch patrons of [[Hindu]] [[Dharma]] in contrast to the [[Chalukya]]s, who initially were patrons of [[Jainism]].<ref>Mediaeval Jainism: With Special Reference to the Vijayanagara Empire By Bhasker Anand Saletore [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24493 ]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Telugu monarchs]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Medieval history of India]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Dynasties of medieval Andhra]]

Gundu Hanumantha Rao

2026-03-09T19:15:29Z

MYRA: cleanup

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Gunduhanumantharao_119.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1956|10|15}}<ref name="hin">{{Cite news|last=N|first=Serish|date=19 Feb 2018|title=Telugu actor Gundu Hanumantha Rao passes away|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telugu-actor-gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away/article22794785.ece|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033311/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telugu-actor-gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away/article22794785.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|02|19|1956|10|15}}<ref name="hin" />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian}}
| years_active = 1982–2018
| notable_works =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Gundu Hanumantha Rao''' (15 October 1956–19 February 2018) was an Indian actor and comedian who worked predominantly in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films, theatre, and television.

==Career==
Gundu Hanumantha Rao was in confectionery business before stepping into the entertainment industry. He first appeared in Jandhyala's film ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' in 1987 and gained popularity in comedian roles in [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]'s films. He is known for his roles in ''[[Rajendrudu Gajendrudu]],'' ''[[Mayalodu]], [[Yamaleela]], [[Srivariki Premalekha]],'' ''[[Pellaniki Premalekha Priyuraliki Subhalekha]]'' (1992), ''[[Apparao Driving School]]'', and the TV serial ''[[Amrutham (TV series)|Amrutham]]''. He won three TV Nandi Awards from Andhra Pradesh Government, one of them for ''Amrutham'' serial. He was a renowned stage artist before entering into cinema, his first drama being "Ravana Bramha" at the age of 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugu-cinema/interviews/interview-with-gundu-hanumantha-rao-250911.html|title=Comedian Gundu Hanumantha Rao – Jandhyala – Aha Naa Pellanta – Interviews|work=cinegoer.com|access-date=12 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205120612/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugu-cinema/interviews/interview-with-gundu-hanumantha-rao-250911.html|archive-date=5 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> He acted in over 600 movies in Telugu and was a popular TV artist.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telugu-comedian-gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away-61-76667|title = Telugu comedian Gundu Hanumantha Rao passes away at 61|date = 19 February 2018|access-date = 24 March 2018|archive-date = 13 October 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181013135159/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telugu-comedian-gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away-61-76667|url-status = live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In [[2014 Indian general election|2014 elections]], Hanumantha Rao joined [[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu Punyamurthula]] and Pinki at rallies in support of the [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/actors-add-comic-touch-to-tdp-campaign/article5948670.ece Actors add comic touch to TDP campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012114925/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/actors-add-comic-touch-to-tdp-campaign/article5948670.ece |date=12 October 2023 }} at ''[[The Hindu]]''</ref> His campaign in the rallies added humour and provided comic relief to the people. He died on 19 February 2018 at 3:30 am in Hyderabad, India, due to sudden cardiac arrest secondary to chronic kidney disease.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away-at-61/articleshow/62986920.cms|title=Gundu Hanumantha Rao passes away at 61|last=Adivil|first=Sridhar|date=19 February 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 February 2018|archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009174258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gundu-hanumantha-rao-passes-away-at-61/articleshow/62986920.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Television ==
* ''[[Amrutham (TV series)|Amrutham]]'' (2001–2007) as Aamudaala Anjaneyalu
* ''Aanando Bramha'' ([[DD Saptagiri]])
* ''Aalu Baalu'' (2005) ([[ETV Telugu|ETV]])
* ''Aalasyam Amrutham Visham'' (2005) ([[MAA TV]])
* ''[[Popula Pette]]'' (1997) (ETV)
* ''Sambaraala Rambabu'' (2007) (MAA TV)
* ''Yuvaa'' (2007) (MAA TV)
* ''Srimathi Sri Subramanyam'' (2009) (ETV Telugu)
* ''Saradaaga Kasepu'' (2017) (ETV Plus)
* ''Naaticharaami'' (2017) ([[Gemini TV]])

==Filmography==
{{expand list|date=December 2018}}
===Telugu===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Srivariki Premalekha]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' (1987)
* ''Satyagraham'' (1987)
* ''[[Raktha Tilakam]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Brahma Putrudu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Vivaha Bhojanambu (1988 film)|Vivaha Bhojanambu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Chinababu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Kallu (film)|Kallu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Hai Hai Nayaka]]'' (1989)
* ''Yuvabharatham'' (1990)
* ''[[Chevilo Puvvu]]'' (1990)
* ''[[People's Encounter]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Vichitra Prema]]'' (1991)
* ''Pichichi Pullayya'' (1991)
* ''[[Minor Raja]]'' (1991)
* ''Prema Entha Madhuram'' (1991)
* ''[[Kobbari Bondam]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Babai Hotel]] '' (1992)
* ''[[Pellaniki Premalekha Priyuraliki Subhalekha]]'' (1992)
* ''Samsarala Mechanic'' (1992)
* ''Mogudu Pellala Dongata'' (1992)
* ''[[Allari Alludu]]'' (1993)
* ''Rowdy Gari Teacher'' (1993)
* ''Shh Ghup Chup'' (1993)
* ''Prema Chitram Pelli Vichitram'' (1993)
* ''[[Pekata Papa Rao]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Asale Pellaina Vanni]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Mayalodu]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Rajendrudu Gajendrudu]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Sarasaala Soggadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarasaala Soggadu (1993) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AOPN |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1993) as Chengala Rayudu
* ''[[Yamaleela]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Gharana Alludu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gharana Alludu (1994) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AIPH |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1994) as M.L.A Chinna Reddy / Pickpocket / Sub-Inspector of Police
* ''Nannagaru'' (1994)
* ''Namasthe Anna'' (1994)
* ''[[Top Hero]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Kishkindha Kanda (film)|Kishkindha Kanda]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Criminal (1994 film)|Criminal]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Vajram (1995 film)|Vajram]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Rikshavodu]]'' (1995)
* ''Love Game'' (1995)
* ''Real Hero'' (1995)
* ''Madhya Taragati Mahabharatam'' (1995)
* ''Ammaleni Puttillu'' (1995)
* ''[[Rikshavodu]]'' (1995)
* ''Mayadari Kutumbam'' (1995)
* ''[[Alluda Majaka]]'' (1995)
* ''Kondapalli Rataiah'' (1995)
* ''[[Amma Donga]]'' (1995)
* ''Badilli'' (1995)
* ''Leader'' (1995)
* ''[[Pokiri Raja]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Vaddu Bava Thappu]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/alibaba-adbhuta-deepam |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam Movie Cast |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/alibaba-adbhuta-deepam-2000-telugu-movie/cast-crew}}</ref> (1995) as Gundu Hanumanthu
* ''[[Ghatothkachudu]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Mrugam]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Bombay Priyudu]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Mummy Mee Aayanochadu]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Nayudu Gari Kutumbam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayudu Gari Kutumbam (1996) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BDHA |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1996) as Anji Babu
* ''Pellala Rajyam'' (1996)
* ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Bobbili Bullodu]]'' (1996)
* ''Puttinti Gowravam'' (1996)
* ''Akkum Bakkum'' (1996)
* ''Oho Naa Pellanta'' (1996)
* ''[[Akka! Bagunnava?]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Maavichiguru]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Vinodam]]'' (1996)
* ''Kuturu'' (1996)
* ''[[Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya]]'' (1996)
* ''Gunshot'' (1996)
* ''[[Chilakkottudu]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Annamayya (film)|Annamayya]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Oka Chinna Maata]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Pattukondi Chuddam]]'' (1997)
* ''Super Heroes'' (1997)
* ''[[Kaliyugamlo Gandargolam]]'' (1997)
* ''[[W/o V. Vara Prasad]]'' (1997)
* ''Priyamaina Srivaru'' (1997)
* ''[[Master (1997 film)|Master]]'' (1997)
*''Super Heros'' (1997)
* ''[[Shrimati Vellosta]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Choodalani Vundi]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Ganesh (1998 film)|Ganesh]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Pandaga]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Gamyam (1998 Telugu Film)|Gamyam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gamyam 1998 Telugu Movie Cast Crew, Actors, Director, Gamyam Producer, Banner, Music Director, Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/gamyam-3099/cast-crew |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref> (1998) as Boxing coach
* ''Naga Shakthi''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/BGXO|title=Naga Shakthi (1998)|website=Indiancine.ma|access-date=9 January 2024|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110000707/https://indiancine.ma/BGXO|url-status=live}}</ref> (1998)
* ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Samarasimha Reddy]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Police (1999 film)|Police]]'' (1999) as M.L.A. Sathyam
* ''[[Bharata Ratna]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Rajakumarudu]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Hello...Yama!]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Mechanic Mavayya]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Manasu Paddanu Kaani]]'' (2000)
* ''Sivanna'' (2000)
* ''[[Manasichanu]]'' (2000)
* ''[[College (2000 film)|College]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Darling Darling (2001 film)|Darling Darling]]'' (2001) as STD/ISD Booth Owner
* ''[[Raa (film)| Raa]]'' (2001)
* ''Narahari'' (2001)
* ''[[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Chandravamsam]]'' (2002)
* ''Lagna Patrika'' (2002)
* ''[[Seema Simham]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Tappu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Premalo Pavani Kalyan]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Palnati Brahmanayudu]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Pellam Oorelithe]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Neeke Manasichaanu]]'' (2003) as Priest
* ''[[Jodi No.1 (2003 film)|Jodi No. 1]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Nenu Seetamahalakshmi]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Seshadri Naidu]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Kedi No. 1]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Apparao Driving School]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Balu ABCDEFG]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Dhairyam (2005 film)|Dhairyam]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Allari Pidugu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Naa Oopiri]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Gowtam SSC]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Mayajalam (2006 film)|Maayajaalam]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Sri Krishna 2006]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Veerabhadra (film)|Veerabhadra]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Tata Birla Madhyalo Laila]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Gundamma Gaari Manavadu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Chandrahas (film)|Chandrahas]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Yamagola Malli Modalayindi]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Takkari]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Mr. Medhavi]]'' (2008)
* ''[[1940 Lo Oka Gramam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Pandurangadu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Veedu Mamoolodu Kadu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Deepavali (2008 film)|Deepavali]]'' (2008) as Gundu family head
* ''Original'' (2009)
* ''[[Neramu Siksha (2009 film)|Neramu Siksha]]'' (2009)
* ''Glamour'' (2010)
* ''High School'' (2010)
* ''Mynavathi'' (2010)
* ''Pappu'' (2010)
* ''Prem Rajyam'' (2010)
* ''Sandadi'' (2010)
* ''Jayammu Nischayammuraa'' (2011)
* ''Naaku O Loverundhi'' (2011)
* ''[[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]]'' (2012)
* ''Idi Mamulu Prema Katha Kadu'' (2012)
* ''Mr. 7'' (2012)
* ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]'' (2012)
* ''Abbo Vaada'' (2013)
* ''Colors'' (2013)
* ''Kothoka Vintha'' (2013)
* ''NRI'' (2013)
* ''O Varsham Kurisina Rathri''
* ''Rowdy Gari Pellam'' (2013)
* ''Swamy Satyananda'' (2013)
* ''[[Aadu Magaadra Bujji]]'' (2013)
* ''Ila Choodu Okasaari'' (2014)
* ''[[A Shyam Gopal Varma Film]]'' (2015)
* ''Vadevvadaina Sare Nenu Ready'' (2015)
* ''Mano Balam'' (2016)
* ''[[A Aa]]'' (2016)
* ''Sri Sai Sankalpam'' (2016)
* ''[[Panchamukhi]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Babala Bagotham]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Aaradugula Bullet]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Sri Sai Sankalpam]]'' (2023) ({{small|posthumous release}})
{{div col end}}

===Tamil===
* ''[[Jolly (film)|Jolly]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Nadigai]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]]'' (2012)

===Deccani===
* ''Thriller'' (2008) as Lecturer

===Voice actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Voiced for
! Character
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2006||''[[Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi|Himsinche Raju 23rd Pulikesi]]''||[[Singamuthu]]||Parepalli Kondanadudu||Telugu||Dubbed version
|-
|}

==Awards==
===Nandi TV Awards===
* ''Adhi Thalam''
* ''Amrutham'' (2007) ([[Gemini TV]])
* ''Srimathi Sri Subramanyam'' (2009)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0361516}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Gundu Hanumantha}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Telugu stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Male actors from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]

Eklabya Sharma

2026-03-09T12:55:25Z

MYRA: created the bio added tags...

{{Short description|Indian ecologist and environmental scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Eklabya Sharma
| honorific_prefix = Dr.
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|05|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Ecologist, environmental scientist
| education = Banaras Hindu University (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.)
| known_for = Research on Himalayan ecology, mountain sustainability
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2024)
}}

'''Eklabya Sharma''' (born 11 May 1958) is an Indian ecologist and [[Environmental science|environmental scientist]], known for his contributions to [[mountain ecosystem]] research and sustainable development in the [[Himalayan region]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2024 for his work in environmental science.<ref name="padma2024">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/CitationsForTickets/2024/2024110.pdf |website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sharma was born in [[Darjeeling district]], [[West Bengal]]. He completed his undergraduate and postgraduate education at [[Banaras Hindu University]], earning a B.Sc. in 1977, an M.Sc. in botany in 1979, and a Ph.D. in ecology in 1985.<ref name="padma2024" />

== Career ==
Sharma's early research focused on nitrogen fixation by non-leguminous Himalayan Alder species in the Eastern Himalayas. He has worked extensively on the ecological challenges and sustainable development of mountain regions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-12-06 |title=New race to explore the Himalayas |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7765395.stm |access-date=2025-06-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Padma Awards 2024: PM Modi sends heartfelt congratulations to recipients in special message – Check full list of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan awardees here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-padma-awards-2024-pm-modi-sends-heartfelt-congratulations-to-recipients-in-special-message-check-full-list-of-padma-bhushan-padma-shri-padma-vibhushan-awardees-here-3375696/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

He served as the Director of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), where he played a key role in launching the ''Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment'', involving over 300 experts across multiple countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padma Shri for Kurseong man Dr Eklabya Sharma |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/padma-shri-for-kurseong-man-dr-eklabya-sharma-1503263950.html |work=The Statesman |date=26 January 2024 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

Sharma has also contributed to various international scientific and policy forums, including the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC), the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC), and the [[Convention on Biological Diversity]] (CBD).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Eklabya Sharma |url=https://www.atree.org/profile/eklabya-sharma |website=ATREE |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== Advisory and professional roles ==
Sharma has held several advisory roles:
* Chairperson, Scientific Advisory Committee, [[G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment]]
* Strategic Advisor, [[Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment]] (ATREE)
* Trustee, The Mountain Institute, USA
* Director, International Mountain Society, Switzerland
* Member, Steering Committee, UNEP's Global Mountain Waste Management Outlook
* Advisor, Chief Minister's Office, Government of Sikkim<ref>{{cite web |last1=Times |first1=Siliguri |title=Dr Eklabya Sharma to receive Padma Shri |url=https://siliguritimes.com/dr-eklabya-sharma-from-darjeeling-district-to-be-honored-with-padma-shri-award/ |website=Siliguri Times |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
* [[Padma Shri]] (2024)<ref name="padma2024" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1999790 |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Government of India |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
* Young Scientist Medal, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA)
* Vishisht Vaigyanik Puraskar, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India
* Honorable Mention Paper Award, Soil and Water Conservation Society, USA
* Excellence Award from Government of Sikkim and Sikkim University
* Social Status Award, Government of Sikkim<ref>{{cite news |title=Ecologist, craftsman and singer from North Bengal and Sikkim to receive Padma Shri in 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/ecologist-craftsman-and-singer-from-north-bengal-and-sikkim-to-receive-padma-shri-in-2024/cid/1996386 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== Fellowships ==
* Fellow, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA)
* Fellow, [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (NASI)<ref>{{cite news |title=Boroloker biti lo singer, Chhau dancer among 11 Padma recipients from Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/boroloker-biti-lo-singer-chhau-dancer-among-11-padma-recipients-from-bengal/articleshow/107196327.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
Sharma has published extensively on Himalayan ecology and sustainable mountain development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Scholar – Dr. Eklabya Sharma |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AJMt7TQAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BOTANICAL RICHNESS IN WILD EDIBLE PLANTS OF SIKKIM HIMALAYA |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/BOTANICAL-RICHNESS-IN-WILD-EDIBLE-PLANTS-OF-SIKKIM-HIMALAYA-AND-A-COMPARISON-WITH-INDIA_tbl1_225233302 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Ecology of the Himalayas]]
* [[Mountain research]]
* [[International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AJMt7TQAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar profile]
* [https://www.atree.org/profile/eklabya-sharma ATREE profile]

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Eklabya}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian ecologists]]
[[Category:Indian environmental scientists]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:ICIMOD people]]

Maa Voori Maaraju

2026-03-03T18:23:29Z

MYRA: Added.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maa Voori Maaraju
| image = Maa Voori Maaraju.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| writer = [[Ganesh Patro]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Kodi Ramakrishna
| story =
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Aranmanai Kili]]''|[[Rajkiran]]}}
| producer = Kolli Venkateswara Rao S. Adhi Reddy
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]
*[[Soundarya]]
*[[Priya Raman]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Mohan Chand M
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| music = [[Raj–Koti]]
| studio = Amma Art Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1994|8|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Maa Voori Maaraju''''' ({{translation|King of our Village}}) is a 1994 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]] and starring [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]], [[Soundarya]] and [[Priya Raman]] in her Telugu debut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ap7am.com/flash-news-642990/telugu.html|title=ఇలాంటి అదృష్టం ఇంకెవరికీ దక్కలేదేమో: సీనియర్ హీరోయిన్ ప్రియా రామన్|language=te|date=19 March 2019|work=ap7am|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021039/https://www.ap7am.com/flash-news-642990/telugu.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv9telugu.com/politics/actress-priya-raman-joins-bjp-108578.html|title=బీజేపీలో చేరిన సినీ నటి ప్రియా రామన్..|date=24 July 2019|language=te|last=Srinu|work=[[TV9 Telugu]]|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021038/https://tv9telugu.com/politics/actress-priya-raman-joins-bjp-108578.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is a remake of the Tamil-language film ''[[Aranmanai Kili]]'' (1993).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=5 June 2017 |title=Kanal Kannan: Fighting for fame |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kanal-kannan-interview-fighting-for-fame/article18723078.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030908/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kanal-kannan-interview-fighting-for-fame/article18723078.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] as Suribabu
*[[Soundarya]] as Satyavathi
*[[Priya Raman]] as Janaki
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]]
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]]
*
*[[Silk Smitha]]
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
*[[Omakuchi Narasimhan|Juttu Narasimham]]

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Raj–Koti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wynk.in/music/album/maa-uri-maaraju/am_A10400DAMTEFA1060U|title=Maa Uri Maaraju|work=Wynk Music|access-date=2023-05-16|archive-date=2023-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021038/https://wynk.in/music/album/maa-uri-maaraju/am_A10400DAMTEFA1060U|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thakadheemtha
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 5:06
| title2 = Amma Nuvvokkasari
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 = 5:00
| title3 = Gangalanti
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 5:27
| title4 = Sangathi Cheppeai
| extra4 = [[K. S. Chithra]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:54
| title5 = Edem Daruvuro
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Radhika
| length5 = 4:44
| title6 = Abbayo Andalanni
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length6 = 5:16
| total_length= 30:27
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' wrote that dialogue writer Ganesh Patro is a genius who can convey big feelings in small sentences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1994/Sep/2-sep-1994.pdf|title=మా వూరి మా రాజు|pages=9–10|work=[[Zamin Ryot]]|language=te|date=2 September 1994|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021039/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1994/Sep/2-sep-1994.pdf|url-status=live|last=Gopalrao|first=Griddaluru}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|8752008}}

{{Kodi Ramakrishna}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 action drama films]]
[[Category:1994 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kodi Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raj–Koti]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Thotti Gang

2026-03-03T18:14:32Z

MYRA: Added basic data v1...

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thotti Gang
| image = Thotti Gang.jpg
| writer = [[Satish Vegesna]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| story = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| starring = [[Allari Naresh]] [[Prabhu Deva]] [[Anita Hassanandani]] [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] [[Gajala]]
| director = [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| cinematography = [[Loganathan Srinivasan]]
| producer = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = [[E. V .V. Cinema]]
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|2002|12|06|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| language = Telugu
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Thotti Gang''''' ({{Translation|Good for nothing fellows}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] produced and directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]] starring [[Allari Naresh]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]], [[Gajala]] and [[Anita Hassanandani]]. The movie was released on 6 December 2002 to positive reviews and was declared a hit at the box office. The film was based on 2001 American film ''[[Saving Silverman]]''.<ref name="I">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-thottigang.html|title=Telugu Cinema - Review - Thottigang - EVV - Naresh, Sunil, Gajala, Anitha, Prabhudeva, Shakeela|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=6 December 2002|access-date=16 February 2026}}</ref>

The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as ''Love Game'' with a separate comedy track featuring [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] and [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]].

==Plot==
Karate Mallishwari, a beautiful lawyer who has black belt in Karate. She sincerely loves Achi Babu. His friends don't like Mallishwari as she once kicked their asses for misbehaving with someone. So they try to break up Mallishwari and Achi Babu by kidnapping her. Before kidnapping her by drugging her, she uses her terrific karate skills to beat them down like they are flies. They beg for mercy but she doesn't grant it. They even hire two contract killers to kill Mallishwari. Mallishwari shows them who the boss by destroying them brutally. In the end, Mallishwari doesn't get Achi Babu. She is the tragic heroine in this comedy movie.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Allari Naresh]] as Achyuta Rama Rao alias "Achi Babu"
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Suri Babu
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Sathi Babu
* [[Anita Hassanandani]] as Venkata Lakshmi
* [[Gajala]] as Karate Malliswari
* [[Shakeela]] as Matasri
* [[L.B. Sriram]] as Alexander
* [[M. S. Narayana]] and [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Bongu Brothers
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] in a Special Appearance
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Galigottam Govinda Sastry and also as his grandmother (dual role)
* [[Lakshmipati]] as Guravaiah
* Jyoti as Moogambika
* [[Rajitha]]
{{Colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-thottigang.html|title=Juke Box - Thottigang|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021120141232/https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-thottigang.html|archive-date=20 November 2002|access-date=16 February 2026}}</ref> In an audio review, Sreya Sunil of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that [[Devi Sri Prasad]]'s "efforts to encourage new talents into the industry are praiseworthy".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/areviews/thottigang.html|title=Audio Review - Thottigang|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021126082227/https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/areviews/thottigang.html|archive-date=26 November 2002|access-date=16 February 2026}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:35%;"
|-
! Song title !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Nuvve Kaavaali" || [[S. P. B. Charan]], Sumangali || 04:28
|-
| "Oh Oh Sodharaa"|| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] || 05:26
|-
| "Vechhani Vechhani Deham" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]]|| 05:22
|-
| "Orinayano" || Sandeep, [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Kalpana]] || 05:15
|-
| "Gundello Nuvve" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]], [[Febi Mani]] || 05:23
|-
| "Kannepilla Are Kannepilla" || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]] || 05:28
|}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote, "Over all it's an average film aimed at comedy-movie-lovers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901540400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030730094147/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901540400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-07-30|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2002-12-09|title=Romantic comedy|first=Gudipoodi|last=Srihari|author-link=Gudipoodi Srihari}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0356138}}
{{E. V. V. Satyanarayana}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2002 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:2000s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Punjab National Bank

2026-02-24T10:42:19Z

MYRA: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Indian public sector bank}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Punjab National Bank
| logo = Punjab National Bank new logo.svg
| logo_alt = PNB's Logo
| logo_caption =
| image = PNB Head Office.jpg
| image_alt = Headquarters in New Delhi
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Dwarka, Delhi]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|532461}} {{NSE|PNB}}
| industry = [[Bank]]ing, [[Financial services]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=y|1894|05|19}}<ref name=Origin/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/punjab-national-bank_pnb/reports |title=History of PNB |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226063829/http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/punjab-national-bank_pnb/reports |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| founder = {{ubl|[[Dyal Singh Majithia]]|[[Lala Harkishen Lal]]}}
| location = [[Dwarka, Delhi]], India
| key_people = {{ubl|K G Ananthakrishnan (Non-Executive Chairman) | Ashok Chandra (MD & CEO)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pnbindia.in/BoardofDirectors.aspx|title=board of directors|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709070741/https://www.pnbindia.in/BoardofDirectors.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| products = {{ubl|[[Retail banking]]|[[Corporate banking]]|[[Investment banking]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s| [[Private banking]]|[[Wealth management]]|[[Asset management]]|[[Investment management]]|[[Credit cards]]|[[Insurance]] }}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1.38|lc}}
| revenue_year = 2025
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|26831|c}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
| income_year = 2025
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|16630|c}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
| net_income_year = 2025
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|18.18|lc}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
| assets_year = 2025
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1.08|lc}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
| equity_year = 2024
| owner = [[Government of India]] (70.08%)
| parent =
| num_employees = 1,02,746 (2025)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Employee strength of Public Sector Banks |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/annex/268/AU259_JW71fE.pdf?source=pqars |access-date=2025-07-24 |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Finance}}</ref>
| num_locations = 10,189 branches and 11,822 ATMs (2025)
| subsid = PNB MetLife India Insurance Company [[PNB Housing Finance Limited]] PNB Cards and Services Limited
| ratio = 14.14% (2020)
| homepage = {{ubl|{{URL|https://pnb.bank.in/}}|{{URL|https://ibanking.pnb.bank.in/}}}}
}}

'''Punjab National Bank''', also known as '''PNB''', is an [[Public sector banks in India|Indian public sector bank]] based in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic Branches and ATMs |date=25 January 2024 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/punjab-national-bank-q3-results-net-profit-jumps-three-times-asset-quality-improves-12123471.html |access-date=27 January 2024 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127201053/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/punjab-national-bank-q3-results-net-profit-jumps-three-times-asset-quality-improves-12123471.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Founded in May 1894, the bank has 10,189 branches and 11,822 [[Automated teller machine|ATMs]] as of March 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Analyst Presentation March '25 |url=https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=3A2WZXJNUHj6ZT8IuSaAbw== |publisher=Punjab National Bank |access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>

PNB has a banking subsidiary in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] (PNB International Bank, with seven branches in the UK), as well as branches in [[Hong Kong]], [[Kowloon]], [[Dubai]], and [[Kabul]]. It has representative offices in [[Almaty]] ([[Kazakhstan]]), [[Dubai]] ([[United Arab Emirates]]), [[Shanghai]] ([[China]]), [[Oslo]] ([[Norway]]), and [[Sydney]] ([[Australia]]). In [[Bhutan]], it owns 51% of Druk PNB Bank, which has five branches. In [[Nepal]], PNB owns 20% of [[Everest Bank]], which has 122 branches. PNB also owns 41.64% of JSC (SB) PNB Bank in Kazakhstan, which has four branches.

==History==
Punjab National Bank is a [[Public Sector Undertakings in India]] (PSU) working under the [[Government of India]] regulated by the [[Reserve Bank of India]] Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. It was registered on 19 May 1894 under the Indian Companies Act, with its office in [[Anarkali Bazaar]], in pre-independent India (present-day [[Pakistan]]). The founding board was drawn from different parts of India professing different faiths and of varying backgrounds, with the common objective of creating a truly national bank that would further the economic interest of the country.<ref name=Origin>{{cite web |url=https://www.pnbindia.in/En/ui/OriginofPNB.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213033022/http://www.pnbindia.in/En/ui/OriginofPNB.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2011 |title=Origin of PNB |publisher=Punjab National Bank |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref> PNB's founders included several leaders of the [[Swadeshi]] movement such as, [[Dyal Singh Majithia]] and [[Lala Harkishen Lal]], Lala Lalchand, Kali Prosanna Roy, E. C. Jessawala, Prabhu Dayal, Bakshi Jaishi Ram, and Lala Dholan Dass.<ref>Singh Majithia (1994).</ref><ref>Tandon (1989).</ref> [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] was actively associated with the management of the Bank in its early years. The board first met on 23 May 1894.<ref name=Origin/> The bank opened for business on 12 April 1895 in Lahore.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

PNB is the first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital that survives to the present, as the earlier [[Oudh Commercial Bank]], which was established in 1881, failed in 1958.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

[[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and the [[Jalianwala Bagh]] Committee have held PNB accounts.<ref name=Origin/>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2021}}

===Timeline===
[[File:PNB ATM at Moolchand Metro Station.jpg|right|thumb|PNB ATM at [[Moolchand metro station]] of Delhi Metro, Delhi]]

In 1900, PNB established its first branch outside Lahore in India. Branches in [[Karachi]] and [[Peshawar]] followed. The next major event occurred in 1940 when PNB absorbed Bhagwan (or Bhugwan) Dass Bank, which had its head office in [[Dehradun|Dehra]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

At the [[Partition of India]] and the creation of Pakistan, PNB lost its premises in Lahore, but continued to operate in Pakistan. Partition forced PNB to close 92 offices in [[West Pakistan]], one-third of its total number of branches, and which held 40% of the total deposits. PNB still maintained a few caretaker branches. On 31 March 1947, even before Partition, PNB had decided to leave Lahore and transfer its registered office to India; it received permission from the Lahore High Court on 20 June 1947, at which time it established a new head office at Under Hill Road, Civil Lines in New Delhi. Lala Yodh Raj was the Chairman of the Bank.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In 1951, PNB acquired the 39 branches of Bharat Bank (est. 1942). Bharat Bank became Bharat Nidhi Ltd. In 1960, PNB again shifted its head office, this time from Calcutta {{citation needed|reason=In timeline head it had been told that PNB had transferred it's head office from Lahore to New Delhi before partition that is in 1947, then how in 1960 PNB can transfer it's head office from Calcutta to Delhi ? Do PNB had two Head Offices before partition ?|date=February 2026}} to Delhi. In 1961, PNB acquired Universal Bank of India, which Ramkrishna Dalmia had established in 1938 in [[Dalmianagar]], [[Bihar]]. PNB also amalgamated Indo Commercial Bank (est. 1932 by [[S. N. N. Sankaralinga Iyer]]) in a rescue. In 1963, The [[Politics of Burma#Military socialist era|Burmese revolutionary government]] nationalised PNB's branch in Rangoon (now [[Yangon]]). This became People's Bank No. 7.<ref>Turnell (2009), p.226.</ref> After the [[Indo-Pak war of 1965]], the government of Pakistan seized all the offices in Pakistan of Indian banks in September 1965. PNB also had one or more branches in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

The government of India (GOI) nationalised PNB and 13 other major commercial banks, on 19 July 1969. In 1976 or 1978, PNB opened a branch in [[London]]. some ten years later, in 1986, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] required PNB to transfer its London branch to [[State Bank of India]] after the branch was involved in a fraud scandal. That same year, 1986, PNB acquired Hindustan Commercial Bank (est. 1943) in a rescue. The acquisition added Hindustan's 142 branches to PNB's network. In 1993, PNB acquired [[New Bank of India]], which the GOI had nationalised in 1980. In 1998 PNB set up a representative office in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In 2003, PNB took over [[Nedungadi Bank]], the oldest private sector bank in [[Kerala]]. At the time of the merger with PNB, Nedungadi Bank's shares had zero value, with the result that its shareholders received no payment for their shares. PNB also opened a representative office in London. In 2004, PNB established a branch in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, a representative office in Shanghai, and another in [[Dubai]]. PNB also established an alliance with [[Everest Bank]] in Nepal that permits migrants to transfer funds easily between India and Everest Bank's 12 branches in Nepal. Currently, PNB owns 20% of Everest Bank. Two years later, PNB established PNBIL – Punjab National Bank (International) – in the UK, with two offices, one in London, and one in Southall. Since then it has opened more branches, this time in Leicester, Birmingham, Ilford, Wembley, and Wolverhampton. PNB also opened a branch in Hong Kong. In January 2009, PNB established a representative office in Oslo, Norway. PNB hopes to upgrade this to a branch in due course. In January 2010, PNB established a subsidiary in [[Bhutan]]. PNB owns 51% of Druk PNB Bank, which has branches in [[Thimphu]], [[Phuntsholing]], and [[Wangdue]]. Local investors own the remaining shares. Then on 1 May, PNB opened its branch in Dubai's financial center. PNB purchased a small minority stake in Kazakhstan-based JSC Danabank established on 20 October 1992 in Pavlodar. Within the year PNB increased its ownership till 84% of what has become JSC (SB) PNB, with its share currently decreased to 49%. The associate in Kazakhstan now called JSC Tengri Bank has branches in [[Almaty]], [[Nur-Sultan]], [[Karaganda]], [[Pavlodar]] and Shymkent. September 2011: PNB opened a representative office in [[Sydney]], Australia. December 2012: PNB signed an agreement with US based life Insurance company [[MetLife]] to acquire a 30% stake in MetLife's Indian affiliate MetLife India Limited. The company would be renamed PNB MetLife India Limited and PNB would sell MetLife's products in its branches.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/punjab-national-bank-acquires-30--stake-in-metlife-company-to-be-rebranded/1054584 |title=Punjab National Bank acquires 30% stake in Metlife, company to be re-branded |work=The Indian Express|date=4 January 2013 |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=PNBAR2012-13>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/532461/5324610313.pdf |title=Annual Report 2012-13 |publisher=PNB |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195101/http://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/532461/5324610313.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=10K>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company/Punjab_National_Bank/ryxysxi-1-1njea5.html|title=Financials Information for Punjab National Bank|publisher=[[Hoover's]]|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=5 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405062748/http://www.hoovers.com/company/Punjab_National_Bank/ryxysxi-1-1njea5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/7/#header:assets_sortreverse:true|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511022006/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/7#header:assets_sortreverse:true|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2015|title=The World's Biggest Public Companies|work=Forbes}}</ref>

===Punjab National Bank Fraud Case, 2018===
{{Main|Punjab National Bank Scam}}
PNB disclosed in February 2018 that it detected fraudulent transactions of up to $1.77 billion.<ref name="punjab2018">{{cite news |title=$1.8 Billion in India Bank Fraud Raises Fears of Ripple Effects |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/14/business/india-bank-fraud.html |work=The New York Times |date=14 February 2018 |last1=Abi-Habib |first1=Maria |archive-date=2 May 2018 |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502035756/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/14/business/india-bank-fraud.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PNB bank fraud: CBI registers three cases involving over ₹120 cr. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-registers-three-bank-fraud-cases-involving-over-120-cr/article31810754.ece |work=The Hindu |date=12 June 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Mergers and acquisitions==
{{srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|-
! scope="col" | Acquisition date
! scope="col" | Company
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1951
| Bharat Bank Ltd.
| New Delhi, India
| style="text-align:center;"|{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
|-
| 1961
| Universal Bank of India
| [[Dalmianagar]], [[Bihar]], India
| style="text-align:center;"|{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
|-
| 1962
| Indo-Commercial Bank
| India
| style="text-align:center;"|{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
|-
| 1986
| Hindustan Commercial Bank
| India
| style="text-align:center;"|{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
|-
| 1993
| [[New Bank of India]]
| New Delhi, India
|<ref>{{cite web | title = Heritage | url = https://beta.pnbindia.in/heritage.html | work = Punjab National Bank | access-date = 2024-05-27 | archive-date = 27 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240527184015/https://beta.pnbindia.in/heritage.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| [[Nedungadi Bank]]
| [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| <ref>{{cite news |title=PNB takes over Nedungadi Bank|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pnb-takes-over-nedungadi-bank/articleshow/36157574.cms |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=Times of India |date=1 February 2003 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
| [[Oriental Bank of Commerce]]
| [[Gurgaon]] (Head Office)
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |title=As amalgamation with United Bank, OBC takes effect, PNB becomes India's second largest PSB after SBI |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-as-amalgamation-with-united-bank-obc-takes-effect-pnb-becomes-india-s-second-largest-psb-after-sbi-2819256 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=DNA India |date=1 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[United Bank of India]]
| [[Kolkata]] (Head Office)
|}

===Amalgamation===
On 30 August 2019, [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] announced that the [[Oriental Bank of Commerce]] and [[United Bank of India]] would be merged with Punjab National Bank. The proposed merger would make Punjab National Bank<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab National Bank completes one year of integration |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/mirror-now/society/punjab-national-bank-completes-one-year-of-integration/93757 |work=www.timesnownews.com |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2021 |access-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409060754/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/mirror-now/society/punjab-national-bank-completes-one-year-of-integration/93757 |url-status=live }}</ref> the second largest public sector bank in the country with assets of {{INRConvert|17.95|lc}} and 11,437 branches.<ref name="Branches">{{cite news |title=Bank Merger News: Government unveils mega bank mergers to revive growth from 5-year low |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/government-unveils-mega-bank-mergers-to-revive-growth-from-5-year-low/articleshow/70911359.cms |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2019 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830131147/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/government-unveils-mega-bank-mergers-to-revive-growth-from-5-year-low/articleshow/70911359.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Staff Writer |title=10 public sector banks to be merged into four |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pnb-obc-and-united-bank-to-be-merged-nirmala-sitharaman-1567158678718.html |website=Mint |access-date=30 August 2019 |language=en |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830122322/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pnb-obc-and-united-bank-to-be-merged-nirmala-sitharaman-1567158678718.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Union Cabinet approved the merger on 4 March 2020. PNB announced that its board had approved the merger ratios the next day. Shareholders of Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank will receive 1,150 shares and 121 shares of PNB, respectively, for every 1,000 shares of they hold.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shayan |title=Three banks announce merger ratios |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/two-anchor-banks-pnb-union-bank-of-india-disclose-merger-ratios-11583413469591.html |website=Livemint |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en |date=5 March 2020 |archive-date=7 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307140419/https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/two-anchor-banks-pnb-union-bank-of-india-disclose-merger-ratios-11583413469591.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 April 2020, the merger came into effect.<ref>{{cite web |title=Merged entity of UBI, PNB, OBC to become operational from April 1, 2020 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/banks/merged-entity-of-ubi-pnb-obc-to-become-operational-from-april-1-2020/story/379073.html |website=Business Today |date=14 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-date=18 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918000624/https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/banks/merged-entity-of-ubi-pnb-obc-to-become-operational-from-april-1-2020/story/379073.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Merged entity of UBI, PNB, OBC to become operational from 1 April next year |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/merged-entity-of-ubi-pnb-obc-to-become-operational-from-1-april-next-year-1568481571774.html |website=Mint |access-date=14 September 2019 |language=en |date=14 September 2019 |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921094911/https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/merged-entity-of-ubi-pnb-obc-to-become-operational-from-1-april-next-year-1568481571774.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Post-merger, all customers of other two merging banks are now treated as the customers of PNB.<ref name="Merger">{{cite news |title=Merger of 10 public sector banks to come into effect from today: 10 points |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/merger-of-10-public-sector-banks-to-come-into-effect-from-today-10-points-11585632469446.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Livemint |date=31 March 2020 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404064519/https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/merger-of-10-public-sector-banks-to-come-into-effect-from-today-10-points-11585632469446.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Listings and shareholding==
PNB's equity shares are listed on [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] and the [[National Stock Exchange of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/punjab-national-bank/pnb/532461/ |title=Punjab National Bank|publisher=BSEindia.com |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=PNB |title=Punjab National Bank |publisher=NSE India |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref> It is a constituent of the [[NIFTY 50|Nifty 50]] index at the [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nseindia.com/products-services/indices-nifty50-index |title=Download List of CNX Nifty stocks (.csv) |publisher=NSE India |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-date=13 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013143407/http://www.nseindia.com/content/indices/ind_niftylist.csv |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2024|06|30}}, the shareholding structure of the bank is as follows.
{| class="wikitable"
!Shareholder
!Percentage<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-30 |title=Punjab National Bank Share Price Today, Stock Price, Live NSE News, Quotes, Tips – NSE India |url=https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=PNB |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=[[National Stock Exchange of India]] |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524114022/https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=PNB |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab National Bank share price {{!}} About Punjab Natl.Bank {{!}} Key Insights - Screener |url=https://www.screener.in/company/PNB/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Screener}}</ref>
|-
|Promoters & Promoter Group
|73.15
|-
|Domestic institutional investors
|10.76
|-
|Foreign Institutional Investors
|5.51
|-
|Public & Other
|10.57
|}

== Subsidiaries ==
[[File:Punjab national bank in South Road - geograph.org.uk - 1519911.jpg|thumb|A Punjab National Bank branch in the United Kingdom.]]

=== Domestic subsidiaries ===
Source:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Joint Ventures|url=https://pnb.bank.in/subsidiaries-and-JVs.html|access-date=7 October 2025|website=pnb.bank.in}}</ref>
* PNB Gilts Ltd (74.07%)
* PNB Investment Services Ltd (100%)
* PNB Insurance Broking Services Ltd (non functional under winding up)
* PNB Cards and Services Ltd (100%)

=== International subsidiaries ===
* PNB International Ltd UK (100%)
* Druk PNB Bank Ltd Bhutan (51%)

=== Domestic associates ===
* [[Assam Gramin Bank]] (35%)
* [[Bihar Gramin Bank]] (35%)
* [[Haryana Gramin Bank]] (35%)
* Himachal Pradesh Gramin Bank (35%)
* Manipur Rural Bank (35%)
* Punjab Gramin Bank (35%)
* [[Tripura Gramin Bank]] (35%)
* [[West Bengal Gramin Bank]] (35%)
* [[PNB Housing Finance Limited]] (28.10%)
* PNB MetLife India Insurance Company<ref name=":1" /> (30%)
* [[Canara HSBC Life Insurance]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.canarahsbclife.com/about-us|website=canarahsbclife.com}}</ref> (23%)

=== International associates ===
* JSC Tengri Bank Kazakhstan (41.64%)

=== International joint venture ===
* Everest Bank Ltd Nepal (20.0249%)

==Employees==
As of 31 March 2025, the bank had 102,746 employees. As of 31 March 2019, it also had 1,722 employees with [[disability|disabilities]] on the same date (2.43%).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Responsibility Report|url=https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l5Z/IbcQfNdfIM8pGRDzQw==|website=Punjab National Bank|access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133901/https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l5Z/IbcQfNdfIM8pGRDzQw==|url-status=live}}</ref> The average age of bank employees on the same date was 39 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Report 2018-19|url=https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=s1d6Z2gyk/XHdtU0omsGsA==|website=Punjab National Bank|access-date=25 July 2019|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513091017/https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=s1d6Z2gyk/XHdtU0omsGsA==|url-status=live}}</ref> The bank reported the business of {{INRconvert|11.65|c}} per employee and net profit of {{INRconvert|8.06|l}} per employee during the FY 2012–13.<ref name=PNBAR2012-13/> The company incurred {{INRconvert|5751|c}} towards [[employee benefit]] expenses during the same financial year.<ref name=PNBAR2012-13/>

==Corporate social responsibility==
The bank incurred {{INRconvert|3.24|c}} on [[corporate social responsibility]] activities like medical camps, farmer training, tree plantations, [[blood donation]] camps etc. during the FY 2012–13.<ref name=PNBAR2012-13/>

For the financial year 2018–2019, PNB incurred a sum of {{INRconvert|2954.15|l}} on CSR initiatives. Among many initiatives, one such effort is PNB Ladli, which started in 2014. The scheme initiated to promote education among girls of Rural / Semi-urban areas.<ref name="pnbindia.in">{{Cite web| title=Business Responsibility Report - General Information about the Company | url=https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l5Z/IbcQfNdfIM8pGRDzQw== | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521101626/http://www.pnbindia.in:80/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=l5Z/IbcQfNdfIM8pGRDzQw== | archive-date=2018-05-21}}</ref>

During the year 2018–19, PNB has also taken the initiative for donations to CM relief fund for Kerala and Kumbh Mela.<ref name="pnbindia.in"/>

For the year FY18-19, PNB has initiated {{INR|1851.41}} for RSETIs.<ref name="pnbindia.in"/>

To help young talents in India, the bank also initiated PNB Hockey Academy, one of the major efforts towards supporting the national games.<ref name="pnbindia.in"/>

==See also==
* [[List of bank robbers and robberies#India]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[List of largest banks]]
* [[List of companies of India]]
* [[Make in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Gopal|first=Madan|title=Dyal Singh Majithia|year=1994|publisher=Publ. Div., Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Gov. of India|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-230-0119-3|chapter=The Nation's Bankers|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dyalsinghmajithi00mada}}
* {{cite book|last=Tandon|first=Prakash|title=Banking century: a short history of banking in India & the pioneer, Punjab National Bank|year=1989|publisher=Viking|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0-670-82853-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Turnell|first=Sean|title=Fiery dragons : banks, moneylenders and microfinance in Burma|date=2008|publisher=NIAS Press|others=Nordic Institute of Asian Studies|isbn=978-87-7694-602-9|location=Copenhagen|oclc=753966248}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.pnbindia.in/}}

{{Banking in India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{Portal bar|Banks|India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Punjab National Bank| ]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1894]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1894]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

C. V. Raman Pillai

2026-02-20T01:12:06Z

MYRA: brief adjust article for clarity and corrected details after review

{{short description|Indian novelist and playwright}}
{{Indian patronymic|Raman Pillai|Cannankara Velayudhan}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = C. V. Raman Pillai
| image = CVs60thbirthday.png
| imagesize = 200px
| honorific_prefix =
| birth_name = Cannankara Velayudhan Raman Pillai
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1858|5|19}}
| birth_place = [[Arayoor]], [[Travancore]] (present-day [[Trivandrum]], Kerala)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1922|3|21|1858|5|19}}
| death_place = [[Trivandrum]], Travancore
| occupation = Novelist, playwright, journalist, social activist, [[sheristadar]]
| nationality = Indian
| parents = Panavilakath Neelakanta Pillai (father) Parvathy Pillai (mother)
| spouse = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Marriage|Bhageerathi Amma|1887|1904|reason=died}}|{{Marriage|Janaki Amma|1905|1922}}}}
| children = Gowrikutty Maheshwari Amma
| relatives = [[A. R. Pillai]] (son-in-law; married Gowrikutty) [[E. V. Krishna Pillai]] (son-in-law; married Maheshwari Amma) [[Rosscote Krishna Pillai]] (grandson; son of Gowrikutty) [[Adoor Bhasi]] (grandson; son of Maheshwari Amma)
| alma_mater =[[University College Thiruvananthapuram|His Highness Maharaja's College, Travancore]] [[University of Madras]]
| period = 1880s −1920s
| genre = Fiction, theatre
| subject = Literary, socio-cultural
| movement =
| notableworks= {{ublist|''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]''|''Dharmaraja''|''Ramarajabahadur''|''Premamritham''}}
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Cannankara Velayudhan Raman Pillai''' (19 May 1858 – 21 March 1922), also known as '''C. V.''', was one of the major Indian [[novelists]] and [[playwrights]] and a pioneering playwright and novelist of [[Malayalam literature]]. He was known for his historical novels such as ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'', ''Dharmaraja'' and ''Ramaraja Bahadur''; the last mentioned considered by many as one of the greatest novels written in [[Malayalam]].

== Biography ==
[[File:CV as a young man.jpg|thumb|left|upright|CV as a young man]]
Born in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital city of the erstwhile native State of [[Travancore]], on 19 May 1858 to Panavilakath Neelakanta Pillai, a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and Parvathy Pillai, a scion of an ancient matrilineal family; both his parents were from middle-class families and employees at the Palace of the [[Maharaja of Travancore]].<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/CVRamanPillai/Html/CVRgraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-01-29 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi}}</ref> Pillai got his family name, ''Cannankara'', through [[matrilineal succession]]. Fondly called Ramu, he had a traditional Sanskritized education, early in life, under his father's tutelage which included lessons in [[Ayurveda]] and even magic and Tantra. He continued education at the first English school in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Subsequently, he graduated from His Highness Maharaja's College (the present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]), the first-ever College in Travancore,<ref name="History - UCT">{{Cite web |url=http://www.universitycollege.ac.in/index.php/thecollege/history |title=History - UCT |date=2019-01-29 |website=www.universitycollege.ac.in |access-date=2019-01-29 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053214/http://www.universitycollege.ac.in/index.php/thecollege/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> where he reportedly had a brilliant academic career under John Ross, the principal of the institution and Robert Harvey, and obtained his BA degree from the [[Madras University]] in 1881, securing a second class, ranking seventh in the [[Madras Presidency]] and second in Thiruvananthapuram College.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004">{{Cite journal |last1=Nair |first1=P. K. Parmeswaran |last2=Venkiteswaran |first2=C. S. |title=C.V. Raman Pillai |journal=Indian Literature |volume=48 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=125–136 |jstor=23341432}}</ref> It was during this period, he started his first periodical named The Kerala Patriot.<ref name="C.V. Raman Pillai - a short biography">{{Cite web |url=https://philaindia.info/c-v-raman-pillai/ |title=C.V. Raman Pillai - a short biography |last=Reddiar |first=Mahesh |date=2011-01-13 |website=PhilaIndia.info |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>

After graduation, Pillai suffered from persistent stomach ailments and chest pain, aggravated by the disruptions of continuous study and travel. He tried various treatments in Thiruvananthapuram without success before travelling to Patthanamthitta, where he stayed with his elder brother Narayana Pillai, a Tehsildar, and later with another brother Sankara Pillai in Paravur, Kollam. Approximately one and a half years were spent in such travels and recuperation, during which time his health gradually improved and he devoted himself to reading.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

After this period, Pillai studied law but dropped out and went to Madras to study for the government pleader examination which he also abandoned in due course.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> Later, he joined the High Court as a clerk and rose to the position of a ''shirasthadar''. Later, he joined the Government Press and held the position of a superintendent when he retired from service.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> In between, he founded three publications, ''Malayali'' in 1886, ''Vanchiraj'' in 1901 and ''Mitabhashi'' in 1920.<ref name="C.V. Raman Pillai - a short biography" /> While editing ''The Kerala Patriot'', his series of articles criticising the ill effects of the ''Viruthi'' system attracted the attention of Divan Rama Iyengar.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

=== First marriage and travels ===
Pillai's first marriage was arranged by his brothers against his wishes. He held romantic ideals about marriage, shaped by the novels and Indian stories he had read, and was reluctant to wed a woman he had never known. The marriage was short-lived; his wife left for Thiruvananthapuram during his absence, and Pillai never sought her return. He later drew on these experiences in his unfinished autobiographical novel ''Premarishtam''.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

Following this period, Pillai disappeared from Thiruvananthapuram for some time and undertook an extended journey to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Mysore]], visiting historic sites associated with [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]]. The journey had a profound influence on his imagination and later literary works. In Hyderabad, he befriended local Muslim notables who held him in high regard, especially for his musical abilities, and even urged him to convert to [[Islam]] and settle there. He was eventually persuaded to return home by a merchant from Thiruvananthapuram whom he chanced to meet. Pillai later described the episode as "a miraculous escape from an otherwise disastrous perversion."<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

=== Second and third marriages ===
He married again in 1887, at the age of 30. His second wife, Bhageerathi Amma of the Keezheveedu family, was only 16 at the time of the wedding. The match had been proposed by his close friend and colleague Narasimham Pillai.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" /> The marriage lasted till Bhageerathi Amma's untimely death in 1904. The couple had at least two daughters: Gowrikutty and Maheshwari Amma. In August 1904, Gowrikutty, then sixteen, was married to [[A. R. Pillai]], a prominent merchant of Thiruvananthapuram, in a ceremony attended by the Diwan and other notables.<ref name="Madras Weekly Mail 1904">{{cite newspaper |title=A Nair Marriage: The Cloth Giving Ceremony |newspaper=Madras Weekly Mail |date=1 September 1904 |page=6 |location=Madras |via=British Newspaper Archive |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19040901/047/0006 |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref> Their son was the journalist [[Rosscote Krishna Pillai]]. Maheshwari Amma, the youngest daughter, later married playwright [[E. V. Krishna Pillai]]; their son was the actor [[Adoor Bhasi]]. His third marriage was to Janaki Amma, the elder sister of Bhageerathi Amma and the widow of [[C. Raja Raja Varma]], the younger brother of [[Raja Ravi Varma]]. He died on 21 March 1922, at the age of 63, survived by Janaki Amma.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

==Writing career==
[[File:CV as Edgar in King Lear.jpg|thumb|right|upright|CV as Edgar in King Lear]]
Raman Pillai is compared by many with [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] in Bengali and [[Hari Narayan Apte]] in Marathi, two other greats of India literature.<ref name="C.V. Raman Pillai - a short biography" /> His first published book was ''Chandramukhivilasam'', a satire.<ref name="C.V. Raman Pillai - a short biography" /> He wrote his first novel, ''Marthandavarma'', in 1885 but it was published in 1891.<ref name="C. V. Raman Pillai on Veethi portal">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/c._v._raman_pillai-profile-8998-25.htm |title=C. V. Raman Pillai on Veethi portal |date=2019-01-30 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref> This followed such historical novels as ''Dharmaraja'' and ''Ramarajabahadur'', the social novel, ''Premamritam''<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA191|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|pages=191–}}</ref> as well as several farces. Modern Malayalam drama traces its origins to his works. He is credited with the first original play in Malayalam, ''Chandramukheevilasam'', written in 1884 and was staged for four days successively in 1887 at His Highness Maharaja's College, Trivandrum.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Role in the Malayalee Memorial ==
Pillai played a significant but largely behind-the-scenes role in the [[Malayali Memorial]] of 1891, a landmark event in the political history of Travancore. The Memorial was a petition protesting the dominance of non-Malayalee Maharashtrian Brahmin officials in the Travancore civil service under Divan Rama Rao, pointing out that while numerous foreign officials drew high salaries, not a single Malayalee drew a salary above Rs. 500. The Memorial also raised the issue of caste-based exclusion in education and government service, noting that there was not a single member of the [[Ezhava]] community in government service earning five rupees or more per month.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

It was Pillai who, while staying in Madras for his law examinations in 1889, first brought the matter to the attention of K. P. Sankara Menon and [[G. P. Pillai]], two figures who would become publicly associated with the movement. As a government official, Pillai's name could not be publicised, but he was instrumental in drafting the Memorial itself, mobilising support in the capital, and coordinating the signature campaign that gathered 10,037 signatories. When funds ran short for the travel and campaign expenses of Sankara Menon and G. P. Pillai, Pillai sold his wife's necklaces to raise Rs. 700. He also used his influence in northern Travancore to include Advocate Nidhiri in the deputation after another member, Mani Katthanar, withdrew under pressure from the authorities.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

The Memorial was submitted before the Maharaja on 1 January 1891 by Sankara Menon. It received widespread support from major Indian newspapers. Though a counter-Memorial was submitted in response, the Maharaja gave an assurance that the grievances would be addressed. Divan Rama Rao soon retired, and his successor Sankara Subbayar, a native, adopted more equitable policies.<ref name="Nair Venkiteswaran 2004" />

==Exegetic dictionary==
''C. V. Vyaakhyaana Kosham''<ref name="Dutt1999">{{cite book|author=Kartik Chandra Dutt|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA90|year=1999|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0873-5|pages=90–}}</ref> is a 400-plus page [[lexicographic]] work in four volumes, based on Pillai's books. The work includes the explanations, elucidations and interpretations of over 700,000 Malayalam, Sanskrit, Tamil, Hindustani and English words used by him in his writings.<ref name="C. V. Raman Pillai - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/c._v._raman_pillai-profile-8998-25.htm |title=C. V. Raman Pillai - Veethi profile |date=2019-01-29 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref name="Si. Vi. vyākhyānakōśam">{{Cite book |title=Si. Vi. vyākhyānakōśam |last1=Bālakr̥ṣṇan |first1=Bi. Si |last2=C.V. Raman Pillai National Foundation |date=1994 |publisher=Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa Nāṣanal Paunḍēṣan |language=Malayalam |oclc = 500397997}}</ref>

==Works==
{{div col}}

===Novels===
====Historical novels====
* ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'' (1891)<ref name="Marthandavarma">{{Cite book |url=https://www.amazon.in/Marthandavarma-Malayalam-C-Raman-Pillai-ebook/dp/B01M5KGNAX/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1548776652&sr=1-1&refinements=p_27%253AC+V+Raman+Pillai |title=Marthandavarma |last=C. V. Raman Pillai |publisher=Public Domain Books |year=1891 |language=ml |asin=B01M5KGNAX}}</ref>
* ''Dharmaraja'' (1913)<ref name="Dharmaraja">{{Cite book |title=Dharmaraja |last=C. V. Raman Pillai |publisher=Tranquebar Press |year=1913 |isbn=978-8189975500 |language=ml}}</ref>
* ''Ramaraja Bahadur'' (1918{{ndash}}1919)<ref name="Ramaraja Bahadur">{{Cite book |url=https://www.amazon.in/Ramaraja-Bahadur-Malayalam-Raman-Pillai-ebook/dp/B01M36D33H/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1548776652&sr=1-3&refinements=p_27%253AC+V+Raman+Pillai |title=Ramaraja Bahadur |last=C. V. Raman Pillai |publisher=Public Domain Books |year=1918 |language=ml |asin=B01M36D33H}}</ref>

====Social novels====
* ''Premamritam'' (1915)<ref name="George1972">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MZqqyxVkufQC&pg=PA98|year=1972|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0413-3|pages=98–}}</ref>

====Uncategorized====
* ''Dishtadamshtram'' (1922) (unfinished)
* ''Premarishtam'' (1922) (unfinished)

===Plays===
* ''Chandramukheevilāsam'' (1884) (not published)
* ''Mattavilāsam'' (1885) (not published)
* ''Kurupillakalari'' (1909)
* ''Tentanāmkōţţu Harischandran'' (1914)
* ''Kaimalassanţe Kadassikkai'' (1915)
* ''Docţarku Kiţţiya Micham'' (1916)
* ''Cherutēn Columbus'' (1917)
* ''Pandathē Pāchan'' (1918)
* ''Pãpi Chelluņadam Pāthālam'' (1919)
* ''Kuruppinţe Thirippu'' (1920)
* ''Butler Pappan'' (1922)

===Other works===
* ''Videsiyamedhavitvam'' (1922) (a collection of editorials)

===As editor in newspapers===
* ''The Kerala Patriot'' (1882)
* ''Malayali'' (1886)
* ''Vanchiraj'' (1901)
* ''Mitabhashi'' (1920)

===Translations===
* ''Marthandavarma'' (1936, 1979)<ref name="Marthanda Varma (In English)">{{Cite book |url=https://www.abebooks.com/Marthanda-Varma-English-C.V-Raman-Pillai/209705865/bd |title=Marthanda Varma (In English) |last=Raman Pillai |first=C. V. |translator-last=Menon |translator-first=B. K. |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |year=1936 |isbn=9788126004683 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Dharmaraja'' (2009)
* ''Ramaraja Bahadur'' (2003)<ref name="Ramaraja Bahadur (In English)">{{Cite book |url=https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30033298870&searchurl=sortby%3D17%26an%3Dc%2Bv%2Braman%2Bpillai&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title16 |title=Ramaraja Bahadur (In English) |last=Raman Pillai |first=C. V. |translator-last=Jayakumar |translator-first=Prema |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |year=2003 |isbn=9788126017867 |language=en}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Honours==
The [[India Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp on Pillai on 19 May 2010.<ref name="Stamps – 2010">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx |title=Stamps – 2010 |date=2019-01-29 |website=India Post |publisher=Department of Posts, Government of India |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-date=14 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814101038/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="C. V. Raman Pillai - Commemorative Stamp">{{Cite web |url=http://www.istampgallery.com/c-v-raman-pillai/ |title=C. V. Raman Pillai - Commemorative Stamp |date=2019-01-29 |website=www.istampgallery.com |access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref> A road in Vazhuthacaud, [[Thiruvananthapuram]] has been named after him as ''C. V. Raman Pillai Road''.<ref name="Where to Stay">{{Cite web |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/hotels/vivanta-trivandrum/2428 |title=Where to Stay |date=2019-01-30 |website=Kerala Tourism |language=en |access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref> [[Chenkal]], a [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] in Thiruvananthapuram which includes his native village of [[Arayoor]], was renamed as C.V.R. Puram in 1970.<ref name="C.V.RAMAN PILLAI - Wikimapia">{{Cite web |url=http://wikimapia.org/31554890/C-V-RAMAN-PILLAI |title=C.V.RAMAN PILLAI - Wikimapia |date=2019-01-30 |website=wikimapia.org |language=en |access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref><ref name="CVR PURAM ROAD">{{Cite web |url=http://wikimapia.org/street/17806029/CVR-PURAM-ROAD |title=CVR PURAM ROAD |website=wikimapia.org |access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

== Writings on Raman Pillai ==
* {{cite book|author=[[S. Guptan Nair]]|title=C.V. Raman Pillai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rr20K3WL-qgC|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-273-1}}
* {{Cite journal |last=[[P.K. Parameswaran Nair]], [[C. S. Venkiteswaran]] |year=2004 |title=C. V. Raman Pillai |journal=Indian Literature |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=125–136|jstor=23341432 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Meena T. Pillai |date=July 2012 |title=Modernity and the Fetishizing of Female Chastity: C.V. Raman Pillai and the Anxieties of the Early Malayalam Novel |journal=South Asian Review |volume=33 |pages=53–75 |doi=10.1080/02759527.2012.11932863|s2cid=191905321 }}
* {{cite thesis|last=Kurup|first=C. Sreekanta|date=July 2003|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/147674|title=Ākhyānasankētaṅṅaḷ: Si.Vi.yuṭe Caritranōvalukaḷil|trans-title=Narrative techniques in the historical novels of C V Raman Pillai|script-title=ml:ആഖ്യാനസങ്കേതങ്ങൾ: സി.വി.യുടെ ചരിത്രനോവലുകളിൽ|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=[[Shodhganga]]|hdl=10603/147674 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Vātsalyarasaṃ C. V. Yude Akhyāyikakaḷil |last1=Vēṇugōpan Nāir |first1=S. V. |last2=C.V. Raman Pillai National Foundation |date=1995 |publisher=C.V. Raman Pillai National Foundation; Distributors, Kar̲an̲t Buks |oclc = 36315647|author1-link=S. V. Venugopan Nair }}
* [[K. Ayyappa Paniker]], ''History of Malayalam Literature'' (''C. V. Raman Pillai'' - Chapter 34)<ref name="A SHORT HISTORY OF MALAYALAM LITERATURE">{{Cite web |url=http://www.suvarnakeralam.kerala.gov.in/book.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020001312/http://www.suvarnakeralam.kerala.gov.in/book.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-20 |title=A SHORT HISTORY OF MALAYALAM LITERATURE |date=2013-10-20 |publisher=Suvarna Keralam - Government of Kerala |access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>
* N. Balakrishnan Nair, ''Saakshaal C. V.''
* എൻ. കൃഷ്ണപ്പിള്ള; പ്രതിപാത്രം ഭാഷണഭേദം: ഡി.സി.ബുക്സ്, കോട്ടയം

==See also==
* [[Kappazhom Raman Pillai]]
* [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]]

=== Other social reformers of Kerala ===

* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=http://sruti.com/index.php?route=archives/artist_details&artId=276 |title=Malayalam novelist and dramatist C.V. Raman Pillai |date=2019-01-29 |website=sruti.com |access-date=2019-01-29}}
* {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxL2i0d4g3s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/sxL2i0d4g3s |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=സി വി രാമൻ പിള്ള - വാക്കിന്റെ രാജശില്പി |date=July 21, 2018 |type=Video |language=Malayalam |publisher=Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala |trans-title=C. V. Raman Pillai, The Master Sculptor of Words |place=Thiruvananthapuram}}{{cbignore}}

{{commons category|C. V. Raman Pillai}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, C. V. Raman}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian historical novelists]]
[[Category:Writers of historical romances]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from British India]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from British India]]

Suppogu Joseph

2026-02-12T03:03:59Z

MYRA: Added new article initial version...

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox clergy
| child =
| honorific_prefix = The Reverend
| name = Suppogu Joseph, [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]]
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Suppogu Joseph.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt = 
| caption = Pastor Joseph on his 80th birthday on 1 January 2019 at the Protestant Regional Theologiate in [[Secunderabad]]
| citizenship = 
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1939|01|01}}<ref name="Voter"/>
| birth_place = [[Kurnool district]], [[Madras Presidency]] ([[British Raj]])
| burial_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause = 
| other_names = ''SJ Ayyagaru''
| years_active = 1964 - ''present''
| occupation = [[Priest]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]], [[M.Th.]], [[D.Th.]] (Serampore)
| alma_mater =
* Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary, [[Ramayapatnam]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]]),
* [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]] ([[West Bengal]]),
* [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], [[Chennai]], ([[Tamil Nadu]]),
* [[École Biblique]], [[Jerusalem]] ([[Israel]]),
* [[Goethe Institute]], [[Lüneburg]] ([[Germany]]),
* [[Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia]] ([[United States]])
| known_for = New Testament Scholarship
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| parents = [[Sri]] S. Ranganna<ref name="Voter">National Voters Services Portal. ''Name: S. Joseph, State: Telangana, District: Hyderabad, Constituency: Musheerabad''. [http://electoralsearch.in/voterInformation]</ref>
| children =
| relatives =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| nocat_wdimage =
| religion = [[Christianity]]
| church = [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] (STBC)
| ordained =
| laicised =
| writings = '''1990''', ''Luke's Adaptation of the Gospel Tradition in Mark: A Synopsis''<ref name="Mark">S. Joseph, ''Luke's Adaptation of the Gospel Tradition in Mark: A Synopsis'' in ''Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by Faculty of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]], India during the academic year 1988-89 on Theology and the Mission of the Church'', ACTC, [[Secunderabad]], 1990, pp.23-29. [https://books.google.com/books?id=c-lCcgAACAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref> '''2007''', ''Adaptation of the Gospel tradition in Luke'', '''2009''', ''Table fellowship of Jesus : according to Luke''<ref>[http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-author-txt=%22Joseph%2C+Suppogu%22 OCLC Classification]</ref>
| congregations = STBC-Waterbury Memorial Telugu Baptist Church, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] {{small|(1964-1969)}}, STBC-[[Centenary Baptist Church, Clock Tower, Secunderabad|Centenary Baptist Church]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] {{small|(1977)}}
| offices_held =Principal, [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] {{small|(1986-1990)}}
| title = The Reverend
| module =
}}
'''Suppogu Joseph''' (born 1 January 1939)<ref name="Voter"/> is a [[Golden jubilee]] Pastor of the Protestant [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] with major contribution to [[New Testament]] scholarship with reference to [[Gospel of Luke|Lukan]] literature. In a study on Luke in 2010 by Justin Alexandru undertaken at the [[University of Durham]], Joseph's work has been cited by the researcher in the context of [[Authorship of Luke–Acts]] where Justin authoritatively attests the work of Joseph.<ref>Mihoc, Justin, Alexandru, ''The Ascension of Jesus Christ: A Critical and Exegetical Study of the Ascension in Luke-Acts and in the Jewish and Christian Contexts'', 2010, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: [http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/620/1/Justin_A._Mihoc_-_The_Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ.pdf?DDD32+]</ref>

Joseph has been teaching [[New Testament]] and [[Biblical Greek|Biblical Greek Language]] since 1969 ever since his appointment as a Teacher at the Protestant Regional Theologiate and had also served as Principal of the Theologiate during 1986-1990 in [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] and is currently a member<ref>[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/administration/council-of-serampore-college/ Council of Senate of Serampore College (University)]</ref> of the Council of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], [[Serampore]], [[West Bengal]], India's first University<ref name="UNESCO">[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001790/179035eb.pdf UNESCO Structures of University Education in India, 1952]</ref> under Section 2(f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] Act, 1956.

==Studies==
Both the [[Catholic]]<ref>Anthonappa Chowrappa, ''History of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool|Catholic Diocese of Kurnool]] 1701-2007'', Self published by the author, Kurnool, 2008.[https://books.google.com/books?id=ElX9oAEACAAJ]</ref> and [[Protestant]] missions propagated<ref name="Martin">Martin Senftleben, ''Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh'', Unpublished PhD thesis, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 1992. [http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131403/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> the gospel in [[Madras Presidency]], it was the [[Protestant]] [[American Baptist Mission]] which inspired the Suppogu patriarchs in [[Kurnool district]] to [[Christ]].

===Graduate===
After early studies up to the collegiate level, S. Joseph began to work at the [[Kurnool Medical College]] as an Assistant in the Forensic Medicine Department<ref>A. M. Malhotra, P. S. Bright (Compiled), ''Directory of Medical Colleges in India, 1964'', Bright Publications, New Delhi, 1968, p.45.[https://books.google.com/books?id=ECtDAlPjf1MC&dq=kurnool+medical+college+forensic&pg=PA45]</ref> and after a year or so, his interest began to shift towards spirituality.

S. Joseph then approached the Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches who accepted his candidature and sent him for spiritual formation to a Major Seminary in [[Ramayapatnam]],<ref name="Adaptation">[http://www.printsasia.it/book/adaptation-of-the-gospel-tradition-in-luke-suppogu-joseph-8184580029-9788184580020 S. Joseph, ''Adaptation of the Gospel Tradition in Luke'', ISPCK, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081817/http://www.printsasia.it/book/adaptation-of-the-gospel-tradition-in-luke-suppogu-joseph-8184580029-9788184580020 |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> the [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary where he studied during the Principalship of [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] Maurice Blanchard<ref name="President">B. R. Moses, ''Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary Centenary Report 1874-1974'', in K. J. W. Jayakumar, ''The Lights That Never Quench - Baptist Missionaries'', Self published by the author, Nellore, 2008, pp.107-114.</ref> and other faculty comprising [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]]<ref name="President"/> and others and earned<ref name="Adaptation"/> a [[Licentiate in Theology]] (L. Th.). Later he upgraded his theological studies both at [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]] studying between 1963-1964<ref name="Directory"/> coinciding with the study period of [[D. S. Satyaranjan]] and continuing at [[Ramayapatnam]] earning a [[Bachelor of Divinity]] (B.D.) degree in 1965.<ref>''Reports 1964-1965: Report by the President of the Senate for the year 1965'', (List of candidates who are qualified to receive the Degree and Diplomas in 1965 Examination: B.D. Degree) [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]], 1965, p.13.</ref>

===Post-graduate level research===
In 1966,<ref name="Directory"/> the [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] sent<ref name="Ravela"/> S. Joseph to the [[Serampore College]],<ref name="Adaptation"/> a constituent College of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] where he mastered [[Biblical Greek|Biblical Greek Language]] and the [[New Testament]] making him eligible to teach at any University<ref name="Foreign">[http://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/foreign-universities-higher-studies.html Foreign Universities Recognizing Serampore Degrees for Higher Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720153304/http://senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/foreign-universities-higher-studies.html |date=20 July 2015 }}</ref> in the world in the Faculty of Theology.

S. Joseph studied at [[Serampore]] for postgraduate studies in 1966<ref name="Directory">[[S. J. Samartha]], [[M. P. John]] (Compiled), ''Directory of students 1910-1967'', Serampore College (Theology Department), Serampore, 1967, p.22, 24.</ref> during the Principalship of William Stewart<ref name="Story">''The Story of Serampore and its College'', Published by the Council of Serampore College, Serampore, 2005 (fourth edition), pp.87-88, 174. [https://books.google.com/books?id=3zLPAAAAMAAJ&q=the+story+of+serampore+and+its+college]</ref> where the [[New Testament]] and [[Biblical Greek|Biblical Greek Language]] Faculty comprised [[D. F. Hudson]],<ref name="Story"/> E. L. Wenger,<ref name="Story"/> J. C. Hindley<ref name="Story"/> and [[M. P. John]].<ref name="Story"/> Other faculty members at that time included the [[Old Testament]] Scholar [[K. V. Mathew]], Religions Scholar, [[V. C. Samuel]] and the [[Sanskrit]] Teacher, [[Yisu Das Tiwari]]. S. Joseph's companions at the College included G. Babu Rao,<ref name="Directory"/> James Massey,<ref name="Directory"/> D. K. Mohanty<ref name="Directory"/> who were in the graduate section. During the ensuing convocation of the University held in 1967/68, S. Joseph was awarded an [[M. Th.]] by the Registrar, [[C. Devasahayam]] ably assisted by then Administrative Officer, [[D. S. Satyaranjan]].

===Doctoral level research===
[[File:Germantown Seminary Library.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Krauth Memorial Library at the [[Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia]]; S. Joseph spent time during the 1970s for research exposure under then Prof. John H. P. Reumann.]]While teaching at the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], Joseph qualified for undertaking doctoral level research and registered as a doctoral degree candidate with the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] through the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]],<ref name="Adaptation"/> [[Madras]]. James Bergquist, a former professor at the [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]] and Deputy Director of the Theological Education Fund for Southern Asia<ref name="Adaptation"/> of the [[World Council of Churches]] initiated the programme in 1973<ref name="WCC">WCC Archives Inventory, Asia, India, ''40. AS5-73-1, team study, N.T. doctoral programme, 1973; 41. AS5-73-1/A Andhra Christian theological college, scholarship: S. Joseph, 1973;''[http://archives.wcc-coe.org/Query/resultatliste.aspx]</ref> to enable S. Joseph's overseas doctoral research and gather research material at the Ecumenical Institute<ref name="Adaptation"/> and the [[École Biblique]]<ref name="Adaptation"/> in [[Jerusalem]],<ref>''Yearbook of the American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A. 1973'', ABCFM, Valley Forge, 1973, p.78.[https://books.google.com/books?id=FnLkAAAAMAAJ&q=new+testament]</ref> and at the [[Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia]]<ref name="Adaptation"/> where he was supervised by John H. P. Reumann,<ref>John H. P. Reumann dies: [[New Testament]] Professor was a force in Lutheran-Roman Catholic Dialogues. [http://ltspmedia.ltsp.edu/2008/06/ltsp-emeritus-professor-john-hp-reumann.html]</ref> then Professor of [[New Testament]].<ref name="Adaptation"/>

S. Joseph was a recipient<ref name="Adaptation"/> of scholarship from the [[Goethe-Institut]]<ref name="Adaptation"/> which enabled him to pursue German language studies at [[Lüneburg]],<ref name="Adaptation"/> [[Germany]] in order to access [[New Testament]] research materials in [[German language|German]] language. Although S. Joseph returned to take up his teaching assignment at the [[Protestant]] Seminary in [[Secunderabad]], it was not until 1980 that the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] awarded him the doctorate degree of [[Doctor of Theology]] (D.Th.).<ref>List of the Recipient of the Degree of Doctor of Theology of the Senate of Serampore College (University) [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-theology/]</ref> during the Registrarship of [[D. S. Satyaranjan]]. After nearly 27 years, S. Joseph was able to revise and publish his doctoral work in 2007 under the title ''Adaptation of the Gospel tradition in Luke''.<ref>[[Asbury University]].[http://evergreen.asbury.edu/eg/opac/record/81914?qtype=subject;long_facet=authorpersonal;query=Bible%20Luke;facet=author%7Cpersonal%5BJoseph%2C%20Suppogu.%5D]</ref>

==Ecclesiastical ministry==

===Pastoral ministry===
The Waterbury Memorial Telugu Baptist Church in [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] is the oldest<ref>City's first Telugu baptist church is 125 old, The New Indian Express, 30 September 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article479539.ece?service=print]</ref> Baptist Church where S. Joseph served as a Pastor during 1964-1969,<ref name="Ravela">[[Ravela Joseph|R. Joseph]], ''A History of the Telugu Baptist Churches (American Baptist Telugu Mission)'', ACTC, Secunderabad, 2003.</ref> almost six years in pastoral ministry in suburban [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

In 1977 while teaching at the Protestant Regional Theologiate in [[Secunderabad]], S. Joseph was elected as the President<ref name="Centenary"/> of the [[Centenary Baptist Church, Clock Tower, Secunderabad|Centenary Baptist Church]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]] during the Pastorship of the [[Old Testament]] Scholar [[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]], who incidentally was his Teacher at Ramayapatnam.

===Teaching ministry===

====Teacher====
In 1969, on the invitation of the [[Louis F. Knoll]] then President<ref>Talathoti Punnaiah, ''My Memoir, Ministry and Message: (60 years Life Experiences 1950-2010)'', Kakinada, 2010, p.10. Punnaiah was an aspirant and underwent a 1-year spirituality course at the [[Ramayapatnam]] Major Seminary in 1969 during the presidentship of [[Louis F. Knoll]], this coincides with S. Joseph's joining date at Ramayatnam when read together with [[Ravela Joseph]]'s ''A History of The Telugu Baptist Churches''.</ref> of the [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary, S. Joseph moved from [[Madras]] to [[Rajahmundry]] to take up a teaching assignment at the [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary whose graduate section was housed within the campus of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Rajahmundry]] until its merger in 1972<ref>''Foundations'', Volume 11, American Baptist Historical Society, 1968. p. 321. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWnkAAAAMAAJ]</ref> with the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]]. S. Joseph as a Spiritual Formator moulded the lives of generations of students creating interest in theological academic disciplines and the yearning to learn more in a systematic manner.

====Principal====
[[File:Academic block face.jpg|thumb|300px|The Protestant Regional Theologiate in Secunderabad; S. Joseph was a Spiritual Formator here for more than three decades.]]
In 1986, when the 4-year cycle of Principalship rolled onto the [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]], its Church Society Council chose S. Joseph to lead the Society as the Principal of the Protestant Seminary. During the tenure of Suppogu Joseph as Principal, faculty lectures were initiated together with two of his colleagues, the [[Hamburg]]-educated [[New Testament]] Scholar Klaus Schafer<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035523/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1995-02/1995-02-066-noteworthy.pdf International Bulletin, 1995]}}</ref> and the [[Old Testament]] Scholar G. Babu Rao<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=txUnAQAAIAAJ&q=babu+rao+old+testament ''Guide to Indian Periodical Literature'', Volume 23, 1989, p.57]</ref>
<ref>G. Babu Rao, ''Content Analysis of Theological Syllabi – [[Old Testament]]'' in ''Religion and Society'', Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 3 September 1985. [https://books.google.com/books?um=1&q=g.babu+rao+doctoral+studies&btnG=Search+Books]</ref> and the three of them<ref name="Mark"/> were able to create interest among other faculty members to write scholarly papers<ref name="Mark"/> which were reviewed and published under the title ''Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by Faculty of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], Secunderabad, India during the academic year 1988-89 on Theology and the Mission of the Church''.<ref>''Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by Faculty of Andhra Christian Theological College, Secunderabad, India during the academic year 1988-89 on Theology and the Mission of the Church'', ACTC, Secunderabad, 1990. [https://books.google.com/books?id=c-lCcgAACAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref> Apart from Klaus Schafer, there was another visiting faculty from the Kirchliche Hochschule [[Wuppertal]], [[:de:Jürgen Fangmeier]], a notable [[Systematic Theology|Systematic Theologian]] who also taught at the [[Protestant]] Seminary leading to availability of international Scholars at the Seminary.

In early 1990, S. Joseph led the Protestant Regional Theologiate in its Silver Jubilee Celebrations after the founding of the College in 1964 at [[Rajahmundry]]. The Silver Jubilee of the near-[[ecumenical]] initiative that resulted in the founding of the College marked a good number of footfall of the [[alumni]] over a period of 5 days during 17 to 21 January 1990 in the premises of the College in [[Secunderabad]] where Bible Studies and Reminiscences were held every day during the Silver Jubilee Week.<ref name="Souvenir">''Souvenir of the Silver Jubilee Celebrations of the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]]'', Secunderabad, 1990</ref> which was also attended by his predecessor, K. David who travelled from Serampore. The Board of Governors of the College at that time included, [[S. E. Krupa Rao]], [[B. R. Devapriam]], [[D. N. Samuel]], [[K. E. Swamidass]], [[T. B. D. Prakasa Rao]], [[Victor Premasagar]] and others.<ref name="Souvenir"/>

After administering the Seminary for four years that ended in 1990, the Principalship rolled onto the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] Society which chose [[M. Victor Paul]] to represent the Church Society as Principal. After remaining in ACTC for one more academic year, S. Joseph accepted a teaching assignment in [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]], [[Madras]] and proceeded on ''leave-on-lien'' returning to ACTC in 1998 after the Principalship of the [[Systematic theology|Systematic Theologian]] [[Regunta Yesurathnam|R. Yesurathnam]].

In 1992, S. Joseph was a recipient of residency at the Overseas Ministries Study Centre in [[New Haven, Connecticut]],<ref>Overseas Ministries Study Centre, ''Alumni News and Notes'', 20 September 2017.[https://www.omsc.org/alumninewsandnotes/2017/9/20/fv1b2cf0vk69z3ous4fqpc0v9erv02]</ref> where he spent time on learning in a missional setting of diverse cultures.

==Contribution==
S. Joseph contributed to the [[New Testament]] scholarship through his research and writings as well as made use of his administration experience at Seminaries.

===New Testament Scholarship===
[[Monsignor]] Gali Bali, an [[Old Testament]] Scholar and Bishop Emeritus of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guntur]] reveals that the table fellowship of Jesus has great significance in everyday human life especially as the Church seeks to see people with ''the eyes of Christ himself'' where Gali Bali invokes [[Redemptor Hominis]] authored by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>Govindu Rayanna, ''Table Fellowship of Jesus : Luke 5:27-32,'' St. Anthony's Shrine, Guntur, 2009, pp.v-vii</ref> It is in such a setting that Suppogu Joseph's ''Table Fellowship of Jesus'' has special significance, especially in the light of the Lucan material through which S. Joseph explores the motives and theological emphases.

Delving further into the Lucan material, S. Joseph's second book entitled ''Adaptation of the Gospel Tradition in Luke'' looks at the possibilities of [[Inculturation]]<ref name="Adaptation"/> especially to the Indian context. Pioneers like [[D. S. Amalorpavadass]] have taken much interest in [[Inculturation]] making major changes through the [[Second Vatican Council]]. Suppogu researched along the same period when the [[Second Vatican Council]] was confabulating but at a purely academic level.
{{blockquote|The question whether the Christian Gospel can cross the cultural frontiers is tackled from the [[New Testament]] perspective. Taking the Gospel of Luke as an example, it attempts to determine the changes involved in adapting the Gospel Tradition to the Hellenistic setting when the Gospel moved from the Jewish setting. By analysing various examples in the Third Gospel, it tries to determine the extent of the various modifications Luke introduced in his source materials and pre-Lukan traditions. This gives an immense advantage in determining the limits of adaptation of the Gospel Tradition to the Indian.<ref name="Adaptation"/>}}

===Administration===
[[File:SeramporeCollege.jpg|thumb|The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], [[Serampore]], [[India]] - Suppogu Joseph pursued nearly 3/4ths of his studies in spiritual formation at this seat of learning and continues to be on the Council of this University.]]The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], the country's first<ref name="UNESCO"/> modern University within the meaning of Section 2(f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] Act, 1956 has been active in the Faculty of Theology whose degrees are equally recognised by the famed Universities<ref name="Foreign"/> including [[University of Cambridge]] and the [[University of Oxford]], as much as any recognized University in the world. S. Joseph, as a theological educator and administrator was made a member of the Council of the University where he has been rendering administrative expertise since 2007.<ref name="Adaptation"/>

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
| author=A. John Prabhakar
| title=Preaching Contextually: A Case with Rural Dalits in India
| year=2016
| volume=
| publisher=Notion Press
| isbn=978-1-945926-85-3
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=d040DQAAQBAJ&q=samavesam+of+telugu+baptist+churches+membership&pg=PT33
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=T. Punnaiah
| title=My Memoir, Ministry and Message
| year=2010
| volume=
| issue=
| isbn=
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=Govindu Rayanna
| title=Table Fellowship of Jesus : Luke 5:27-32
| year=2009
| volume=
| issue=
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* {{cite journal
| author=K. J. W. Jayakumar (Compiled)
| title=The Lights That Never Quench - Baptist Missionaries
| year=2008
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* {{cite journal
| author=Anthonappa Chowrappa
| title=History of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool|Catholic Diocese of Kurnool]] 1701-2007
| year=2008
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}}
* {{cite journal
| author=The Council of Serampore College
| title=The Story of Serampore and its College
| year=2005
| volume=
| issue=Fourth
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* {{cite journal
| author=[[Ravela Joseph|R. Joseph]]
| title=A History of the Telugu Baptist Churches ([[American Baptist Mission]])
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}}
* {{cite journal
| author=Max Gonsalves (Compiled)
| title=Society for Biblical Studies in India Directory
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* {{cite book
| author=Constance M. Millington
| title=An ecumenical venture: the history of Nandyal diocese in Andhra Pradesh, 1947-1990
| year=1993
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| issue= 214 of ATC publication
| publisher=Asian Trading Corporation
| isbn=9788170861539
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ue_jAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=[[Andhra Christian Theological College]]
| title=Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by Faculty of Andhra Christian Theological College, Secunderabad, India during the academic year 1988-89 on Theology and the Mission of the Church
| year=1990
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}}
* {{cite journal
| author=[[S. J. Samartha]], [[M. P. John]] (Compiled)
| title=Directory of students 1910-1967, Serampore College (Theology Department)
| year=1967
| volume=
| issue=fourth edition
| isbn=
}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-npo|pro}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rene Van de Walle]], [[Society of Jesus|S. J.]]<ref name="SBSI"/> 1984-1986}}
{{s-ttl|title=President,<ref name="SBSI">[[Father (title)|Fr.]] Max Gonsalves (Compiled), ''Society for Biblical Studies in India Directory 1998''.</ref> Society for Biblical Studies in India|years=1986-1988}}
{{s-aft|after=R. J. Raja, [[Society of Jesus|S. J.]]<ref name="SBSI"/> 1988-1992}}
{{S-rel}}
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{{S-hon}}
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{{Succession box| before=Komaravalli David, [[CBCNC]] 1980-1986<ref name="ACTC">See Wikipedia article on [[Andhra Christian Theological College]]</ref>| title=Principal, [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]]| after=[[M. Victor Paul]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]] 1990-1993<ref name="ACTC"/>| years=1986-1990<ref name="ACTC"/>}}
{{Succession box| before=[[Komaravalli David]], [[CBCNC]] 1965-1987<ref name="YB">''Year Book of the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec 1970-1971'', Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, Toronto, 1970, p.113.[https://books.google.com/books?id=rW3kAAAAMAAJ&q=additional+scholarship]
</ref>| title=[[Teacher]] - in - [[New Testament]], [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]]| after=V. Manikya Rao, [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]] 2001-<ref name="ACTC"/> 2023| years=1969-2002<ref name="ACTC"/>}}
{{S-edu}}
{{Succession box| before=-| title=Member, Council of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], [[Serampore]], [[West Bengal]]| after=-| years=2007-<ref name="Adaptation"/>}}
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Kumārasambhava

2026-02-11T21:52:00Z

MYRA: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Sanskrit epic poem by Kalidasa}}
{{For|the Malayalam film|Kumara Sambhavam}}
{{italic title}}
{{Kaumaram}}
'''''Kumārasambhavam''''' ''({{langx|sa|कुमारसम्भवम्}} ) (transl. - "The Birth of Kumāra")'' is an epic poem by [[Kālidāsa]]. It is widely regarded as the finest work of Kalidasa as well as the greatest [[kāvya]] poem in [[Classical Sanskrit]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Heifetz|first=Hank|title=The origin of the young god : Kālidāsa's Kumārasaṃbhava|date=January 1, 1990|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-0754-5|location=Delhi|pages=1|oclc=29743892}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=David|url=https://nyupress.org/9780814740088/the-birth-of-kumara/|title=The birth of Kumāra|date=2005|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-4008-1|edition=1st|location=New York|quote=The greatest long poem in classical Sanskrit, by the greatest poet of the language.}}</ref> The style of description of spring set the standard for nature metaphors pervading many centuries of Indian literary tradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~amit/books/kalidasa-1929-kalidaser-granthabali-v2-v2.html|title=Book Excerptise: Kalidaser granthAbalI, v.2 by Kalidasa and Rajendranath Vidyabhushan (ed.)|work=iitk.ac.in|access-date=17 April 2017}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Kumārasaṃbhavam'' narrates the birth of Kumāra ([[Kartikeya|Kārtikeya]]), the son of [[Shiva]] (Śiva) and [[Parvati|Pārvatī]] (Umā).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/literature/sanskrit/poetry/kumarasambhavam.html/%3E|title=Kumarasambhavam by Kalidasa - Synopsis & Story|work=ILoveIndia.com|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-date=11 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111011053/http://www.iloveindia.com/literature/sanskrit/poetry/kumarasambhavam.html/%3E|url-status=dead}}</ref> The period of composition is uncertain, although Kalidasa is thought to have lived in the 5th century.

A fierce debate has raged over the question as to whether the whole of the seventeen cantos came was penned by Kālidasa. Vitthala Śastrin, who in 1866, published Cantos VIII to XVII in ''The Paṇḍit'', took them as genuine work of Kālidasa while scholars like [[Hermann Jacobi]] took Cantos IX to XVII as a later interpolation. Stylistic inferiority of these cantos, rarity of manuscripts, silence on the part of early commentators and lack of citation in ''Alaṃkārasutra'' are often presented as reasons for rejecting this latter cantos of the poem.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Pratap |date=1986 |title=Did Kālidāsa Complete the Kumārasambhava? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/602113 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=559–564 |doi=10.2307/602113 |jstor=602113 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Furthermore, there is a traditional orthodox view that rejects Canto VIII, arguing that it is blasphemous for a renowned Śaiva poet to depict the romantic pleasures shared by Shiva and Parvati, the divine parents of the universe.<ref name=":1" /> Legend say that Kālidasa could not complete his epic ''Kumārasambhavam'' because he was cursed by the goddess Parvati, for obscene descriptions of her conjugal life with Shiva in the eighth canto. But later it has inspired the famed sculpture of [[Khajuraho]] temples. The English renderings of these Sanskrit plays tend to avoid erotic and explicit aspects due to moral tastes of modern audience.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Keay|first=John|title=India A History: From the Earliest Civilisations to the Boom of the Twenty First Century|publisher=Harper Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8021-9550-0|location=New York|language=English}}</ref> The play depicts Kālidasa as a court poet of Candragupta who faces a trial on the insistence of a priest and some other moralists of his time.<ref>https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/sex-and-the-sanctity/articleshow/32561495.cms|{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kumara Sambhav paragraph.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baps.org/EnlighteningEssays/2013/Kavi-Kalidasa-(Part-2)-5629.aspx.|title=Error}}</ref>

Despite these criticisms, many regard Canto VIII as the pinnacle of Kālidasa's poetic mastery, and it is cited more frequently in major critical works like the ''Alaṃkārasutra'' and the ''[[Sarasvati-Kanthabharana|Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa]]'', than any other canto.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Kālidāsa |title=Kumārasambhava of Kālidāsa: cantos I - VIII |last2=Kāle |first2=M. R. |last3=Mallinātha |date=2004 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ |isbn=978-81-208-0161-5 |edition=Reprint |location=Delhi}}</ref>

==Contents==
''Kumārasambhavam'' literally means "The Birth of Kumāra". This epic entails [[Sringara]] [[Rasa (aesthetics)|''rasa'']], the rasa of love, romance, and eroticism, more than Vira rasa (the rasa of heroism). [[Tārakāsura]], an [[asura]] (demon) was blessed that he could be killed by none other than Shiva's son. However, Shiva had won over [[Kama]], the god of love. [[Parvati]] performed great [[Tapas (Sanskrit)|tapas]] (spiritual penance) to win the love of Shiva. Consequently, Shiva and Parvati's son Kartikeya was born to restore the glory of [[Indra]], king of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]].

=== Canto I (Uma's Nativity) ===
{{Poem quote|text=Then was it sweet, as days flew by, to trace
The dawning charm of every infant grace,
Even as the crescent Moons their glory pour More full,
more lovely than the eve before.

As yet the maiden was unknown to fame,
And Mountain-lady was her only name;
But when her mother, filled with anxious care
At her stern penance, cried Forbear ! Forbear!
To a new title was the warning turned,
And Uma was the name the maiden earned.|title=Umotpattiḥ (उमोत्पत्तिः) I.25-26|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}
The poet begins by describing the [[Himavat|Himalaya]], rightfully known as the King of all mountain ranges. From his wife Mena, he has a son named [[Mainaka]] and a daughter named [[Parvati]], who was [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] in her previous life, the daughter of [[Daksha]] and wife of [[Shiva]]. The poem then details Parvati's childhood and her emerging youth. Once she reaches marriageable age, the sage [[Narada]] visits the Himalaya and predicts that she will win Shiva as her husband. Trusting this prophecy, Himalaya does not take much action regarding her marriage. Meanwhile, after losing his wife Sati, Shiva has retreated to a peak in the Himalaya to practice penance. Upon learning this, Himalaya decides that his daughter and her two companions should approach Shiva to pay their respects.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto II (The Address to Brahma) ===
{{Poem quote|text=When that great warrior battles for his life,
O, who may conquer in the deadly strife,
Save one of Siva's seed?

He is the Light, Reigning supreme beyond the depths of night;
Nor I, nor Vishnu, his full power may share,
Lo, where he dwells in solitude and prayer!|title=Brahmasākṣātkāraḥ (ब्रह्मसाक्षात्कारः) II.57-58|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

Around this time, the gods in Heaven were troubled by the demon [[Tārakāsura|Taraka]], prompting them to approach [[Brahma]] collectively to express their grievances. Taraka, having gained mastery over the three worlds through a boon from Brahma, had forced all the gods into his service, rendering even the powerful Indra powerless. The only one capable of defeating this demon was the son of Shiva. Since Shiva had no son, the gods needed to arrange for his son’s birth. Brahma suggests that Parvati, the daughter of the mountain Himalaya, would be the ideal partner for Shiva; if they could facilitate their marriage, the gods could achieve their goal.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto III (The Burning of Kama) ===
{{Poem quote|text=Then with strong effort, Siva lulled to rest,
The storm of passion in his troubled breast,
And seeks, with angry eyes that round him roll,
Whence came the tempest o'er his tranquil soul.

He looked, and saw the bold young Archer stand,
His bow bent ready in his skillful hand,
Drawn towards the eye— his shoulder well depressed,
And the left foot thrown forward as a rest.|title=Madanadahanaḥ (मदनदहनः) III.69-70|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

To inspire passion in the ascetic Shiva and persuade him to marry Parvati, [[Indra]] sends [[Kamadeva|Kama]], the god of Love. Accompanied by his friend Vasanta (the Vernal Season), Kama arrives where Shiva is meditating and Parvati is serving him. Upon his arrival, the trees and plants suddenly bloom, the earth dons a premature springtime beauty, and both animals and birds exhibit signs of love, even affecting the ascetics' ability to maintain their self-control. This sudden onset of spring and Parvati’s presence momentarily distract Shiva, but he quickly regains his focus. Realizing that Kama is behind this disturbance, he becomes furious and unleashes fire from his third eye, incinerating Kama into a pile of ashes. Alarmed by this unforeseen disaster, Himalaya takes his daughter to a safer location, while Shiva disappears, thwarting Indra's plan for the time being.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto IV (Rati's Lament) ===
{{Poem quote|text=And then those words that made me, oh, so blest —
"Dear love, thy home is in my faithful breast!"
Alas, sweet words, too blissful to be true,
Or how couldst thou have died, nor Rati perish too?

Yes, I will fly to thee, of thee bereft,
And leave this world which thou, my life, hast left—
Cold, gloomy, now this wretched world must be,
For all its pleasures came from only thee.|title=Rativilāpaḥ (रतिविलापः) IV.9-10|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

[[Rati]], Kama's widow, witnessed her husband's tragic demise during his mission and now mourns deeply. She calls upon Vasanta to prepare a funeral pyre for her to immolate herself. As preparations begin, a voice from the celestial realm reassures her that her separation from Kama is temporary; when Shiva marries Parvati, he will grant Kama his physical form, allowing Rati to reunite with her husband.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto V (Uma's Reward) ===
{{Poem quote|text=The silver Moon on Siva's forehead shone,
While softly spake the God in gracious tone: —
"O gentle Maiden, wise and true of soul,
Lo, now I bend beneath thy sweet control!
Won by thy Penance, and thy holy vows,
Thy willing slave Siva before thee bows!"

He spake, and rushing through her languid frame
At his dear words returning vigour came;
She knew but this, that all her cares were o'er,
Her sorrows ended, she should weep no more!|title=Tapaḥphalodayaḥ (तपःफलोदयः) V.86|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

Parvati, who secretly loved Shiva and desired to marry him, felt deeply disappointed and decided to pursue austere penance to achieve her goal. After obtaining her parents' permission, she ascended a Himalayan peak, later named [[Gaurishankar|Gaurishikhara]] after her, where she rigorously practiced self-mortification, undeterred by the harshest forms of asceticism. Her efforts won Shiva’s affection, prompting him to visit her hermitage disguised as a young ascetic to test her commitment. He argued skillfully against her choice, highlighting Shiva's perceived flaws, such as his love for unpleasant things, his unattractive appearance, and his poverty, suggesting he was unsuitable for a refined woman like Parvati. However, she dismissed these criticisms, finding his flaws endearing. Through her maid, she communicated her lack of interest in the ascetic's arguments. At this, he revealed his true form and declared himself her servant. Overjoyed to see Shiva before her, Parvati felt immense happiness.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto VI (Uma's Espousals) ===
{{Poem quote|text=I seek the Mountain-Maiden as my bride,
Our hero Son shall tame the Demon's pride, —
Thus the Priest bids the holy Fire arise,
Struck from the wood to aid the Sacrifice.

Go, ask Himalaya for the lovely Maid,
Blest are those bridals which the Holy aid;
So shall more glorious honours gild my name,
And win the father yet a prouder fame.|title=Umāpradānaḥ (उमाप्रदानः) VI.28-29|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

Parvati requests Shiva to seek her father's formal approval for their marriage. Shiva sends the Seven Sages, accompanied by [[Vasishtha]]'s wife [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]] to the capital city of Oshadhiprastha, which they greatly admire. Upon their arrival, Himalaya greets them respectfully and inquires about their purpose. The sages share their mission, and Himalaya happily agrees, giving his consent. They set the wedding date for four days later and return to inform Shiva before heading back to their celestial abode.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto VII (Uma's Bridal) ===
{{Poem quote|text=Now have they left the wedded Pair alone,
And Siva takes her hand within his own
To lead his darling to the bridal bower,
Decked with bright gold and all her sumptuous dower.
She blushes sweetly as her maidens there
Look with arch smiles and glances on the Pair,
And for one moment, while the damsels stay,
From him she loves turns her dear face away.|title=Umāpariṇayaḥ (उमापरिणयः) VII.94-95|source=Trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith}}

The city of Himalaya is festively decorated for the upcoming wedding. On the wedding day, the ladies of Himalaya’s palace bathe Parvati, dress her in traditional wedding attire, and adorn her with auspicious decorations. Meanwhile, Shiva is also prepared for the ceremony by the Holy Mothers on Kailasa. He then rides his famous bull, [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]], to Oshadhiprastha, accompanied by the Mothers, his [[Gana|Ganas]], and other gods, and is welcomed at the city gates by Himalaya and the bride's party. His beauty captivates the spectators, especially the city’s ladies. Inside the palace, the wedding rituals, including the final blessing from [[Saraswati|Sarasvati]], are performed. After the ceremony, guests depart, and Shiva stays at his father-in-law's house.<ref name=":3" />

=== Canto VIII (The Description of Uma’s Pleasure) ===
{{Poem quote|text=Her delicate hands trembling in pain
as her bitten lower lip was released,
Parvati cooled it in a moment with that coolness
of the crescent moon Siva wears in his hair.

And if, when he was kissing her hair,
Siva caught powder in the eye on his forehead,
he touched it to the perfume of Parvati’s breath,
fragrant as the odour of an opening lotus.|title=Umāsuratavarṇanaḥ (उमासुरतवर्णनः) VIII.18-19|source=Trans. Hank Heifetz}}

The newlywed couple's romantic activities are described in detail. Shiva spends a month in Oshadhiprastha before leaving with his wife. They travel through various regions, including the mountains [[Meru Peak|Meru]], [[Kailasha|Kailasa]], [[Mount Mandara|Mandara]], and [[Malaya Mountains|Malaya]], as well as the celestial [[Ganges]], and Nandana Garden. Eventually, they arrive at Gandhamadana in the evening, where Shiva describes the beauty of the sunset as it transitions into a moonlit night. They enjoy wine provided by the mountain's guardian deity and spend the night in intimacy. Shiva then decides to make this place his home, living there for twenty-five years in uninterrupted happiness with his beloved.<ref name=":3" />

== Dispute and criticisms ==

=== Authenticity of Canto IX-XVII ===
The ''Kumārasaṃbhavam'' appears to have reached us either incomplete or as a fragment of a larger work. While some manuscripts contain seventeen cantos, only the first eight can be confirmed as Kalidasa's authentic writing based on available evidence. It seems that a later, less skilled author (or possibly two) continued the story in nine additional cantos, which describe the birth of Kumāra and his triumph over Tāraka as the gods' army leader. Importantly, for these nine cantos, there exists no commentary by [[Mallinātha Sūri|Mallinātha]] (1350-1450), Kalidasa’s most renowned commentator, and, notably, are never referenced in ''Alaṃkāraśāstra'', the Sanskrit treatises on literary theory where verses from the first eight cantos are commonly cited. Modern scholars also highlight a decline in the quality of writing, with more filler material, as further evidence that Kalidasa likely did not author these later sections.<ref name=":0" />

=== Censorship of Canto VIII ===
Moralistic critics in medieval and later periods of India have harshly criticized Kalidasa for portraying the lovemaking of gods. Some editions of the ''Kumārasaṃbhavam'' have been published without the eighth canto (''Umāsuratavarṇanaḥ''), especially when intended for educational purposes. However, by modern standards, the sexual content of this canto—though vivid and beautifully depicted—is handled with discretion, and much of it focuses on Shiva’s passionate and sensual descriptions of nature. The evidence supporting its authenticity is compelling, and the quality of the writing matches that of the rest of the poem.<ref name=":0" />

{{Poem quote|text=And once when he was loving on Mount Malaya,
the south wind, smelling of sandalwood branches
and filaments of lavan̄ga blossoms, like a lover with
sweet words, took all tiredness away from his beloved.

In the Heavenly Gangā, Pārvatī struck her lover
with a golden lotus and closed her eyes
as Śiva’s hands splashed her. Swimming, she needed
no waistband, as the fish glowed around her.|title=Canto VIII.26-26|sign=|source=Trans. Hank Heifetz}}

This canto has been referenced even by an old literary critic like Vāmana (fl. late 8th—mid-9th century), who seemingly regarded it as an authentic part of the poem. The Kashmiri scholar [[Kshemendra|Kșemendra]] also cites verse VIII.87, attributing it to Kalidasa, though he criticizes it as an example of thematic impropriety (''prabandhārthānaucitya''), since it portrays the romantic union of Shiva and Parvati in the same way as that of an ordinary couple:<ref name=":1" />
{{Poem quote|text=Or, for example, [the verse] of Kālidāsa —
"At that moment Hara,
with His eyes attracted by the lines of nail-marks left on the upper part of her thigh,
prevented His beloved from adjusting the garment
which had slipped off."

Here, in the description of amorous pleasures of the three-eyed god, who is the Lord of the three worlds, in His union with Mother, has been stated the attraction of His eyes by the upper part of her thigh shining with the series of nail-marks impudently shown as befitting a low woman. Thereby the idea of the composition bears great impropriety indeed.|title=|sign=Śrī Kșemendra|source=Aucityavicāracarcā}}
[[Anandavardhana|Ānandavardhana]], who seems to consider the depiction of Shiva and Parvati’s amorous union (''devīsambhogavarņana'') in the ''Kumārasaṃbhavam'' as genuine, argues that the portrayal of such divine love does not seem improper (''anaucitya'') due to the poet’s brilliance, even though it involves high divinities:<ref name=":1" />
{{Poem quote|text=Thus, the impropriety involved, for example,
in the delineation by even first-grade writers of the well-known sentiment of love
in union relating to high divinities does not appear to be indecent,
as it is concealed by the writer's genius.
For example, the description of the amorous pleasures in the union of
[Śiva with] the goddess in the Kumārasaṃbhava.|title=|sign=Śrī Ānandavardhana|source=Dhvanyāloka 3.6, p. 346 in Pāțhak's edition}}
[[Arunagirinathar|Aruņagirinātha]] addresses the objections regarding the indecency of depicting Shiva and Parvati’s lovemaking by condemning those who refused to comment on the eighth canto, calling their hesitation foolish:<ref name=":2" />
{{Poem quote|text=The fault here belongs purely to him who thinks that these activities are real,
when in fact they are merely the playing of these two Great Actors,
acting out the actions of famous ordinary heroes and heroines
of the exalted type.|title=|sign=Aruņagirinātha|source=Canto VIII (vol. 3 p. 215)}}
Both [[Arunagirinathar|Aruņagirinātha]] and Nārāyaņapaņdita mention earlier commentators by name who avoided commenting the eighth canto. Furthermore, based on the introductory notes in [[Mallinātha Sūri|Mallinātha]]’s commentary, it seems that his remarks on this section of the poem were treated as a separate work, possibly intended only for older students.<ref name=":2" />

==Adaptations==
The late Sanskrit play ''Pārvatīpariṇaya'' (पार्वतीपरिणय, "The Wedding of Parvati") shares the same subject as that of ''Kumārasaṃbhavam''. The play closely follows the poem, not just in its sequence of events but also in much of its wording, making the ''Pārvatīparinaya'' appear as an effort to adapt an epic poem into a play. However, the play modifies certain elements of Kalidasa's plot, often adding details that evoke familiar features of well-known Sanskrit dramas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tubb |first=Gary A. |date=1984 |title=Heroine as Hero: Pārvatī in the Kumārasaṃbhava and the Pārvatīpariṇaya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/602169 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=219–236 |doi=10.2307/602169 |jstor=602169 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''[[Kumara Sambhavam]]'' is a 1969 Indian film adaptation of the poem by [[P. Subramaniam]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vijayakumar |first1=B. |title=Kumarasambhavam - 1969 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kumarasambhavam-1969/article2763682.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=1 January 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite wikisource
|author= Ralph T. H. Griffith
|title= The Birth of the War-God
|date= 1853
|publisher= Wm. H. Allen & Co.
|location= London
}}
* {{cite book|author=Hank Heifetz|title=The Origin of the Young God: Kālidāsa's Kumārasaṃbhava|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGNTldMJgHoC|date=1 January 1990|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-0754-9}}

==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|sa|कुमारसम्भवम्|Kumārasambhava in Sanskrit}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101003132004/http://bangla.name/citi/kumara/kum_dev.htm full text of the Kumārasambhava in Devanāgarī script] (first eight sargas)
* [http://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/5_poetry/2_kavya/kakumspu.htm full text of the Kumārasambhava in Roman script] at [[GRETIL]]
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sha/sha16.htm The Birth of the War-God], selected translation by [[Arthur W. Ryder]]
* [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-02251-00003/1 single folio of a Kumārasambhava manuscript] in the [[Cambridge University Library]]
* [https://archive.org/details/birthofwargodpoe00kali] Attempted English translation of text by RTH Griffith

{{Kālidāsa}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumarasambhava}}
[[Category:Works by Kalidasa]]
[[Category:Epic poems in Sanskrit]]
[[Category:Poems adapted into films]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian poems]]
[[Category:Hindu poetry]]
[[Category:Sanskrit literature]]

2021 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election

2026-02-11T11:54:05Z

MYRA:

{{Short description|2021 election in Tripura Tribal Areas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| turnout = 85.74% {{increase}}
| previous_election = 2015 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election
| previous_year = 2015
| next_election = 2026 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election
| next_year = 2026
| election_date = 6 April 2021
| seats_for_election =28 out of 30 seats in the [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]]
| majority_seats = 15
| image1 = [[File:TIPRA flag.jpg|80px]]
| party1 = Tipra Motha Party
| alliance1 = [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP+]]
| seats1 = 16
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}16
| popular_vote1 = 274,565
| percentage1 = 37.43%
| swing1 ={{increase}}37.43%

| image2 = [[File:BJP flag.svg|80px]]
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance2 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats2 = 9
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}9
| popular_vote2 = 137,357
| percentage2 = 18.72%
| swing2 = {{increase}}10.85%

| image3 = [[File:INPT-flag.svg|INPT flag|80px]]
| party3 = Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra
| alliance3 = [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP+]]
| seats3 = 2
| seat_change3 = {{increase}}2
| popular_vote3 = 68,254
| percentage3 = 9.30%
| swing3 = {{decrease}}1.47%

| image4 =[[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|80px]]
| party4 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance4 = [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]]
| seats4 = 0
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}}25
| popular_vote4 = 91,406
| percentage4 = 12.46%
| swing4 = {{decrease}}36.20%

| image5 = [[File:Flag green yellow.svg|IPFT flag|80px]]
| party5 = Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
| alliance5 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats5 = 0
| seat_change5 = –
| popular_vote5 = 77,946
| percentage5 = 10.62%
| swing5 = {{decrease}}7.44%

| image6 = [[File:Hand INC.svg|80px]]
| party6 = Indian National Congress
| alliance6 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| seats6 = 0
| seat_change6 = –
| popular_vote6 = 16,425
| percentage6 = 2.24%
| swing6 = {{decrease}}3.25%

| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Chief Executive Member
| posttitle = Chief Executive Member
| before_election = [[Radhacharan Debbarma]]
| before_party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| after_election =[[Purna Chandra Jamatia]]
| after_party = Tipra Motha Party
}}

Elections to the '''[[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] (TTAADC)''' of India were held on 6 April 2021. 25 of the 28 elected seats in the Autonomous District Council are reserved for [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chetry |first1=Indira |title=Tripura autonomous council elections deferred by 2 days – INSIDE NE |url=https://www.insidene.com/tripura-autonomous-council-elections-deferred-by-2-days/ |access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web |title=Change in ADC election schedule : polling on 6th April , counting on 10th April |url=https://tripurainfo.com/TripuraNews/Change-in-ADC-election-schedule--polling-on-6th-April--counting-on-10th-April10120.html |website=tripurainfo.com |access-date=28 March 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="IE">{{cite news |last1=Deb |first1=Debraj |title=Tripura poll body reschedules tribal council elections to April 6 to avoid clash with Easter Sunday |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-poll-body-reschedules-tribal-council-elections-to-april-6-to-avoid-clashing-with-easter-sunday-7225900/ |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=12 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

There were 865,041 eligible voters in the elections. The votes were counted on 10 April 2021 with a victory for the TIPRA-INPT alliance.<ref name="TI"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ali |first1=Syed Sajjad |title=157 candidates contesting in Tripura tribal council elections |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/157-candidates-contesting-in-tripura-tribal-council-elections/article34095528.ece |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 March 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura Tribal Council polls: Pradyot Manikya's party in the lead |url=
https://assamtribune.com/tripura-tribal-council-polls-counting-of-votes-underway-amidst-tight-security/ |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[Assam Tribune]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Setback for BJP as TIPRA Motha set to capture key tribal body in Tripura |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/04/10/setback-for-bjp-as-tipra-motha-set-to-capture-key-tribal-body-in-tripura/ |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[Shillong Times]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref> The TIPRA party led alliance won 18 seats in the election while the BJP led alliance won 9 seats. The Left Front was reduced to 0.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news| title=Setback for BJP in Tripura, new outfit captures key tribal body |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/setback-for-bjp-in-tripura-new-outfit-captures-key-tribal-body/articleshow/82006318.cms |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Ruling BJP handed defeat in Tripura tribal council polls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/apr/10/bjp-handed-defeat-in-tripura-tribal-council-polls-2288397.html |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[New Indian Express]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Royal scion Pradyot-led TIPRA Motha wins Tripura ADC election 2021 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/royal-scion-pradyot-led-tipra-motha-wins-tripura-adc-election-2021.html |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[Northeast Now]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=RTIPRA emerges as single-largest party, set to form tribal council |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/tripura/2021/04/10/agartala-tipra-emerges-as-single-largest-party-set-to-form-tribal-council/ |work=[[EastMojo]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Parties and alliances==
=== {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|Left Front}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="2" | Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:black" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPIM election symbol.png|60px]]
|28
|}

=== {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|National Democratic Alliance}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|+
! colspan="2" | Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:Center; background:{{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}};color:white" |
|[[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]]
|[[File:Flag green yellow.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election symbol Dao.svg|50px]]
|18
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|12
|-
! colspan="4" |Total
!30{{efn|name=NDA|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and [[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura|IPFT]] will have a friendly contest in two constituencies.}}
|}

=== {{legend2|{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}|Tipra Motha Party}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|+
! colspan="2" | Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:Center; background:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}};color:white" |
|[[Tipra Motha Party]]
|[[File:Tipra Logo.jpg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Pineapple.png|50px]]
|23
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}};color:white" |
|[[Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra]]
|[[File:INPT-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Saw election symbol.png|50px]]
|5
|-
! colspan="4" |Total
!28
|}

=== {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|United Progressive Alliance}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="2" | Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:black" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px|centre]]
|28
|}

==Campaign==
The Left Front consisting of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Communist Party of India]], [[All India Forward Bloc]] and RSP declared its candidates list for 28 seats on 6 March 2021.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-left-front-announces-candidate-list-for-adc-polls-with-17-new-faces-7217380/ Indian Express]</ref><ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/tripura-adc-polls-left-front-declares-candidates-for-tripura-adc-bjp-ipft-still-in-disagreement/east/news/2336981.html UNI India]</ref> The [[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]] (IPFT) announced it candidates list for 18 seats on 7 March 2021.<ref>[https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/tripura-ipft-releases-first-list-of-18-candidates-for-ttaadc-elections.html North East News]</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ipft-declares-first-list-for-tripura-tribal-polls/article34015278.ece The Hindu]</ref> The [[The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance|TIPRA]] of Maharaja [[Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman]] and its alliance party [[Indigenous Nationalist Party of Tripura]] (INPT) announced their first list of candidates for 17 seats<ref>[https://www.thenortheasttoday.com/current-affairs/states/tripura/tripura-tipra-ipft-alliance-severed-over-seat-sharing-differences Northeast Today TIPRA list]</ref> and 5 seats respectively on 8 March 2021.<ref>[https://www.thenortheasttoday.com/current-affairs/states/tripura/tripura-adc-elections-2021-tipra-and-inpt-announces-candidate-list Northeast Today]</ref> The [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) also announced its list of candidates for all 28 seats on 8 March 2021.<ref>[https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/congress-announces-candidates-list-for-tripura-adc-election-2-sacked-teachers-get-party-ticket.html Northeast Now]</ref>

==Candidates==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2|District
!rowspan=2|Constituency
!rowspan=2|Reservation
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |[[Secular Democratic Forces|'''Left Front''']]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|'''NDA''']]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}" |[[Tipra Motha Party|'''TMP–INPT''']]
|-
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
|-
|1
|Damchharra–Jampui
| style="background:#fdcdb0;" | ST
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Rajendra Reang]]
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Jitendra Reang
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Bhaba Ranjan Reang]]
|-
|2
|Machmara
|rowspan=2|None
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Narayan Bhowmik
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Swapna Rani Das
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Sadhan Chakma
|-
|3
|Dasda–Kanchanpur
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Lalit Debnath
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sailendra Nath
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Hemanta Chakma
|-
|4
|Karamchhara
| rowspan=2 style="background:#fdcdb0;" | ST
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Shantimani Chakma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bimal Chakma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}
|[[Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl|Bijoy Hrangkhawl]]
|-
|5
|Chhawmanu
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Champarai Aslong
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Angsha Tripura
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Ratanjoy Tripura
|-
|6
|Manu–Chailengta
|None
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Motilal Sukla Baidya
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sanjay Das
|{{party name with color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}
|Ratish Tripura
|-
|7
|Demchhara–Kachuchhara
| rowspan=29 style="background:#fdcdb0;" | ST
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Badarbul Halam
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Biresh Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Dhirendra Debbarma
|-
|8
|Ganganagar–Gandachhara
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Alendra Reang
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Jibanjoy Reang
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Nakuljoy Reang
|-
|9
|Halahali–Asharambari
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Arun Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Bhabesh Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Ananta Debbarma
|-
|10
|Kulai–Champahour
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Sukhamoy Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Shyamal Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Animesh Debbarma]]
|-
|11
|Maharanipur–Teliamura
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Jharna Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Gita Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Kamal Kalai
|-
|12
|Ramchandraghat
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Joyshree Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Mintu Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Suhel Debbarma]]
|-
|13
|Simna–Tamakari
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Kumud Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Mangal Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Rabindra Debbarma]]
|-
|rowspan=2|14
|rowspan=2|Bodhjungnagar–Wakkinagar
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Pradip Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ranabir Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Runiel Debbarma
|-
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Budha Debbarma
|-
|15
|Jirania
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Radhacharan Debbarma]]
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Ajit Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}
|[[Jagadish Debbarma]]
|-
|16
|Mandainagar–Pulinpur
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Sukumar Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Balaram Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Chitta Ranjan Debbarma]]
|-
|17
|Pekuarjala–Janmejoynagar
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Netaji Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Prakash Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Ganesh Debbarma
|-
|18
|Takarjala–Jampaijala
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Anjana Kalai Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Brajalal Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma|Pradyot Manikya Debbarma]]
|-
|19
|Amtali–Golaghati
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Mayarani Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bishu Debbarma
|{{party name with color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}
|Umashankar Debbarma
|-
|20
|Killa–Bagma
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Amrit Sadhan Jamatia
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Joy Kishore Jamatia
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Purna Chandra Jamatia]]
|-
|21
|Maharani–Chelagang
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Haradhan Jamatia
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Samrat Jamatia
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Sindhu Kanya Jamatia
|-
|rowspan=2|22
|rowspan=2|Kathalia–Mirja–Rajapur
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Parikshit Murasingh
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Padma Luchan Tripura
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|David Murasingh
|-
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|[[Sukla Charan Noatia]]
|-
|23
|Ampinagar
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Bhakta Kalai
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|Janak Hari Jamatia
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Sadagar Kalai
|-
|24
|Raima Valley
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Prabin Tripura
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ratiram Tripura
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Rajesh Tripura]]
|-
|25
|Nutanbazar–Malbasa
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Magendra Reang
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Matindra Reang
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Dolly Reang
|-
|26
|Birchandranagar–Kalashi
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Satyajit Reang
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sanjit Reang
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|Harendra Reang
|-
|27
|Purba Muhuripur–Buratali
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Jogendra Tripura
|{{party name with color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}
|[[Dhananjoy Tripura]]
|{{party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|[[Debajit Tripura]]
|-
|28
|Silachhari–Manubankul
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Uchathoi Mog
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kangjaong Mog
|{{party name with color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}
|Dhansen Tripura
|}

==Incidents==
The total voting process was peaceful. However there were reports of minor disturbances in two constituencies, namely Budhjung Nagar-Wakkinagar and Amtali-Golaghati. The TIPRA accused the ruling BJP for creating the disturbance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/election-tripura-adc-voting/2363237.html|title=Except for two seats Tripura ADC vote going peacefully|date=6 April 2021|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>

==Results==

The votes were scheduled to be counted on 10 April 2021 and in the counting the TIPRA party won 16 seats with its alliance partner INPT winning 2 seats in the election while the BJP won 9 seats with 1 seat going to an Independent candidate.<ref name="Times of India"/><ref>{{cite news| title=Royal scion Pradyot-led TIPRA Motha wins Tripura ADC election 2021 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/royal-scion-pradyot-led-tipra-motha-wins-tripura-adc-election-2021.html |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=[[Northeast Now]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=TIPRA emerges as single-largest party, set to form tribal council |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/tripura/2021/04/10/agartala-tipra-emerges-as-single-largest-party-set-to-form-tribal-council/ |work=[[EastMojo]] |date=10 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="TI"/><ref>{{cite news| title=ADC, TIPRA gets landslide victory |url=http://www.tripuraobserver.com/index.html?dt=20210411 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=[[Tripura Observer]] |date=11 April 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Results by party and alliance ===
{| style="width:60%; text-align:center;"
!'''Party'''
|'''TMP+'''
|'''NDA'''
|'''IND'''
|'''Nom'''
|-
!'''Seats'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Tipra Motha Party}}" color:white; style="width:60.00%;" |'''18'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" color:white; style="width:30.00%;" |'''9'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}} color:white; style="3.33%;" |'''1'''
| bgcolor="#000000" color:white; style="6.67%;" |'''2'''
|}
{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=46.73|label1=[[Tipra Motha Party|TMP+]]|color1={{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}|value2=29.34|label2=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|color2={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|value3=13.13|label3=[[Mahajot (Tripura)|LF]]|color3={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|value4=2.24|label4=[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]|color4={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|color5={{Party color|Independent politician}}|label5=Independents|value5=6.97}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
! width="70" | Vote
! width="45" | %
! width="50" |+/-
! Contested
! Won
! +/-
|-

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
!rowspan="2"|[[Tipra Motha Party|TMP+]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
|[[Tipra Motha Party]]
|274,565
|37.43
|{{increase}}37.43
|23
|16
|{{increase}}16
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra}}" |
|[[Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra]]
|68,254
|9.30
|{{decrease}}1.47
|5
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|
!rowspan="2"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|137,357
|18.72
|{{increase}}10.85
|12
|9
|{{increase}}9
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}|
|[[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]]
|77,946
|10.62
|{{decrease}}7.44
|16
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
! rowspan="4" |[[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|91,406
|12.46
|{{decrease}}36.20
|25
|0
|{{decrease}}25
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|4,924
|0.67
|{{decrease}}1.51
|1
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|
|
|
|1
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|
|
|
|1
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}"|
![[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|16,425
|2.24
|{{decrease}}3.25
|28
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
!Colspan="2" rowspan="2"| None
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|51,106
|6.97
|{{increase}}5.42
|38
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|None of the above}}|
|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|7,327
|
|
!colspan="3"|'''N/A'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! align="left" colspan="4"| Total
! 733,629
! 100
!
! 28
! 28
!
|}

===Winning Candidates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Constituency
!Winner
! colspan="2" |Party
!Margin
|-
!1
|Damchharra-Jampui
|[[Bhaba Ranjan Reang]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
|TIPRA
|
|-
!2
|Machmara
| Swapna Rani Das
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| 1,563
|-
!3
| Dasda-Kanchanpur
| Sailendra Nath
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
|
|-
!4
| Karamchharra
| Bimal Kanti Chakma
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| 375
|-
!5
| Chhawmanu
| Hongsha Kumar Tripura
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
|
|-
!6
| Manu-Chailengta
| Sanjay Das
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
|
|-
!7
| Demchara-Kachucharra
| Dhirendra Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
|
|-
!8
| Ganganagar-Gandachharra
| Bhumika Nanda Reang
| bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
| Independent
| 66
|-
!9
|Hala Hali-Asharambari
| Ananta Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 8,131
|-
!10
| Kulai-Champahour
| Animesh Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 10,176
|-
!11
| Maharanipur-Teliamura
| Kamal Kalai
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 10,142
|-
!12
| Ramchandra Ghat
| Suhel Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 13,417
|-
!13
| Simna-Tamakari
| Rabindra Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 7,484
|-
!14
|Budhjung Nagar-Wakkinagar
| Runiel Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 10,401
|-
!15
| Jirania
| Jagdish Debbarma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}" |
| TIPRA
| 12,240
|-
!16
| Mandainagar-Pulinpur
| Chitta Ranjan Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 10,010
|-
!17
| Pekuarjala-Janmejaynagar
| Ganesh Debbarma
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 9,103
|-
!18
| Takarjala-Jampuijala
| Pradyot Kishore Deb Barman
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 10,194
|-
!19
|Amtali-Golaghati
| Umashankar Debbarma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 14,715
|-
!20
| Killa-Bagma
| Purna Chandra Jamatia
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 7,703
|-
!21
| Maharani-Chellagang
| Samrat Jamatia
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| 1,812
|-
!22
| Kathalia-Mirja-Rajapur
| Padmaluchan Tripura
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| 352
|-
!23
| Ampinagar
| Sadagar Kalai
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 1,509
|-
!24
| Raima Valley
| [[Rajesh Tripura]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
|
|-
!25
| Natunbazar-Malbasa
| Dolly Reang
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 1,127
|-
!26
| Birchandranagar-Kalashi
| Sanjit Reang
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| 1,183
|-
!27
| Purba Mahuripur-Buratali
| [[Debajit Tripura]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tipra Motha Party}}"|
| TIPRA
| 3,037
|-
!28
| Silachari-Manubankul
| Kangjaong Mog
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| 4,116
|-
|}

=== Constituency wise results ===

{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="2" style="background:#FCEE23; color:white;"|TIPRA – INPT
!colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; color:white;"|BJP – IPFT
!colspan="2" style="background:#FF1D15; color:white;"|Left Front
|-
!1
|Damchharra-Jampui (ST)
|'''[[Bhaba Ranjan Reang]]'''
|
|Jitendra Reang
|
|[[Rajendra Reang]]
|
|-
!2
|Machmara
|Sadhan Chakma
|
|'''Swapna Rani Das'''
|10,275
|Narayan Bhowmick
|8,712
|-
!3
|Dasda-Kanchanpur
|Hemanta Chakma
|
|'''Sailendra Nath'''
|
|Lalit Debnath
|
|-
!4
|Karamchhara (ST)
|[[Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl]]
|11,198
|'''Bimal Chakma'''
|11,573
|Shantimani Chakma
|
|-
!5
|Chhawmanu (ST)
|Ratanjoy Tripura
|
|'''Hongsha Kumar Tripura'''
|
|Champarai Aslong
|
|-
!6
|Manu-Chailengta
|Ratish Tripura
|
|'''Sanjay Das'''
|
|Motilal Shukla Baidya
|
|-
!7
|Demchara-Kachuchharra (ST)
|'''Dhirendra Debbarma'''
|
|Biresh Debbarma
|
|Badarbul Halam
|
|-
!8
|Ganganagar-Gandachharra (ST)
|Nakuljoy Reang
|
|Jibanjoy Reang
|
|Alendra Reang
|
|-
!9
|Hala Hali-Asharambari (ST)
|'''Ananta Debbarma'''
|15,420
|Bhabesh Debbarma
|7,289
|Arun Debbarma
|
|-
!10
|Kulai-Champahour (ST)
|'''[[Animesh Debbarma]]'''
|16,158
|Shyamal Debbarma
|5,982
|Sukhamoy Debbarma
|
|-
!11
|Maharanipur-Teliamura (ST)
|'''Kamal Kalai'''
| 16,100
|Gita Debbarma
| 5,958
|Jharna Debbarma
| 997
|-
!12
|Ramchandraghat (ST)
|'''Suhel Debbarma'''
| 18,154
|Mintu Debbarma
| 4,987
|Joyshree Debbarma
| 1,025
|-
!13
|Simna-Tamakari (ST)
|'''Rabindra Debbarma'''
|13,578
|Mangal Debbarma
|6,094
|Kumud Debbarma
|
|-
!14
|Budhjung Nagar-Wakkinagar (ST)
|'''Runel Debbarma'''
|15,728
|Ranabir Debbarma
|5,323
|Pradip Debbarma
|
|-
!15
|Jirania (ST)
|'''Jagdish Debbarma'''
|17,680
|Ajit Debbarma
|5,440
|Radhacharan Debbarma
|1,598
|-
!16
|Mandainagar-Pulinpur (ST)
|'''Chitta Ranjan Debbarma'''
|15,558
|Balaram Debbarma
|5,548
|Sukumar Debbarma
|
|-
!17
|Pekuarjala-Janmayjaynagar (ST)
|'''Ganesh Debbarma'''
|14,683
|Prakash Debbarma
|5,222
|Netaji Debbarma
|
|-
!18
|Takarjala-Jampuijala (ST)
|'''[[Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman|Pradyot Kishore Deb Barman]]'''
|13,164
|Brajlal Debbarma
|2,786
|Anjana Kalai Debbarma
|419
|-
!19
|Amtali-Golaghati (ST)
|'''Umashankar Debbarma'''
|22,088
|Bishu Debbarma
|7,363
|Mayarani Debbarma
|
|-
!20
|Killa-Bangma (ST)
|'''Purna Chandra Jamatia'''
|14,880
|Joy Kishore Jamatia
|7,177
|Amrit Sadhan Jamatia
|
|-
!21
|Maharani-Chellagang (ST)
|Sindu Kanya Jamatia
|5,873
|'''Samrat Jamatia'''
|7,685
|Haradhan Jamatia
|
|-
!22
|Kathalia-Mirja-Rajapur (ST)
|David Murasingh
|13,568
|'''Padmaluchan Tripura'''
|13,920
|Porikkhit Murasingh
|
|-
!23
|Ampinagar (ST)
|'''Sadagar Kalai'''
|9,048
|Janak Hari Jamatia
|7,539
|Bhakta Kalai
|
|-
!24
|Raima Valley (ST)
|'''[[Rajesh Tripura]]'''
|
|Ratiram Tripura
|
|Prabin Tripura
|
|-
!25
|Natunbazar-Malbasa (ST)
|'''Dolly Reang'''
|13,855
|Matindra Reang
|12,728
|Magendra Reang
|
|-
!26
|Birchandranagar-Kalashi (ST)
|Harendra Reang
|10,897
|'''Sanjit Reang'''
|12,080
|Satyajit Reang
|
|-
!27
|Purba Mahuripur-Buratali (ST)
|'''[[Debajit Tripura]]'''
|11,228
|Dhananjoy Tripura
|
|Jogendra Tripura
|7,921
|-
!28
|Silachari-Manubankul (ST)
|Dhansen Tripura
|
|'''Kangjaong Mog'''
|13,572
|Uchathoi Mog
|9,465
|-
!
|'''Total'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

==Members of the Executive Committee==

The Executive committee of the TTAADC was formed by notification of the CEO on 23 April 2021 by [[Tipra Motha Party|TIPRA]], the winning party alliance after getting elected and installed by the Governor of the state. The list of the Executive members are as follows:

''As in March 2024''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | S.No
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 10px;" | Constituency
! scope="col" style="width: 600px;" | Portfolios
! colspan="7" scope="col" | Party
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align: Center;" "width: 200px;"|'''Chief Executive Member'''
|-
! 1.
| '''[[Purna Chandra Jamatia]]'''
| Killa-Bagma
|
*General Administration [including Appointment and Services]
*Finance
*Law
*Planning
*Industries
*Village Committee,
*All policies and any other Department (s) which are not allocated to any Members
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align: Center;" "width: 200px;"|'''Executive Members'''
|-
! 2.
| '''Kamal Kalai'''
| Maharanipur-Teliamura
|
*Health
*Tribal Welfare
*Tourism
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 3.
| '''[[Bhaba Ranjan Reang]]'''
| Damchherra-Jampui
|
*Agriculture & Horticulture
*Forests
*LRS
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 4.
| '''Smt. Dolly Reang'''
| Natunbazar-Malbasa
|
*Social Welfare & Social Education
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 5.
| '''[[Rajesh Tripura]]'''
| Raima Valley
|
*ARDD
*Fisheries
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 6.
| '''[[Suhel Debbarma]]'''
| Ramchandra Ghat
|
*Youth Affairs & Sports
*ICA
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 7.
| '''Ananta Debbarma'''
| Halahali-Asharambari
|
*Co-operatives
*Science, Technology & Environment
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 8.
| '''[[Rabindra Debbarma]]'''
| Simna-Tamakari
|
*Education
*Kokborok Department
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|-
! 9.
| '''Runeil Debbarma'''
| Bodhjungnagar-Wakkinagar
|
*Public Works Department
*Rural Development (R.D)
| [[Tipra Motha Party|TMP]]
| bgcolor=#FCEE23|
|}

==See also==
*[[Tipraland]]
* [[2015 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election]]
* [[2010 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election]]
* [[2005 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election]]
* [[2000 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tripura elections}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2021 elections in India]]
[[Category:History of Tripura (1947–present)]]
[[Category: Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council elections]]

Bidhayak Bhattacharya

2026-02-11T06:25:37Z

MYRA:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bidhayak Bhattacharya
| native_name = বিধায়ক ভট্টাচার্য্য
| birth_name = Baglaranjan Bhattacharya
| birth_date = 7 February 1907
| birth_place = [[Jiaganj]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now Jiaganj, [[West Bengal]], India)
| death_date = 15 November 1986 (aged 79)
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, Novelist, Dramatist, Journalist
}}
'''Bidhayak Bhattacharya''' (7 February 1907 – 15 November 1986) was a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] novelist, play writer and actor. His birth name was Bagalaranjan.

==Early life==
Bhattacharya was born at [[Jiaganj]] in [[Murshidabad district]] in 1907<ref>{{Cite book|last=Civacaṅkari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fRjAAAAMAAJ&q=Bidhayak+Bhattacharya|title=Knit India Through Literature: The East|date=1998|publisher=Eastwest Books (Madras)|isbn=978-81-86852-63-7|language=en}}</ref> in [[British India]]. His father's name is Haricharan Bhattacharya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Ramkrishna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJ6qCAAAQBAJ&q=Bidhayak+Bhattacharya|title=Natye Upekkhito: Life and Writings of Bidhayak Bhattacharya|publisher=Sristisukh Prokashan LLP|isbn=978-1-63415-334-8|language=bn}}</ref> In 1937, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] called him in a new name as ''Bidhayak''. He passed entrance from Raja Bijoy Singh Vidyamandir of Jiaganj. Thereafter he came [[Kolkata]] in 1929 and joined in [[Amrita Bazar Patrika]] as journalist.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=bn:বিধায়ক নামটি দিয়েছিলেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/west-bengal-almost-forgets-theatre-personality-bidhayak-bhattacharya-1.902522|access-date=2021-07-29|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> He became popular as theater personality after the release of ''Meghmukti'' in 1938. Bhattacharya started his career in [[All India Radio|All India Radio, Kolkata]] under the guidance of [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VL3rDwAAQBAJ&dq=Bidhayak+Bhattacharya+Akashbani&pg=PA4|title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXIV. No. 46. |date=1959-11-15 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Publications Division (India) |language=en}}</ref>

==Literary career==
He was the writer of the story of several Bengali films namely ''Krishna Kaveri'', ''Akash Ar Mati'', ''Dhuli'', ''Matir Ghar'' and ''Prithibi Amare Chay''. He also directed the film ''Krishna Kaveri'' in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna Kaveri (1949) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/krishna-kaveri-34823|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130015344/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/krishna-kaveri-34823|url-status=live|archive-date=30 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Cinestaan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna Kaveri (1949)|url=https://indiancine.ma/FNB|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Bhattacharya wrote number of Bengali novel and short stories in various magazine. He published more than thirty successful plays.<ref name=":0" /> Bhattacharya created a famous Bengali character ''Amaresh''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Unusual season|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/unusual-season-stories-that-refuse-to-pause/cid/1795948|access-date=2021-07-29|work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkata}}</ref> He received Sudhangshubala award in 1967 conferred by the [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] for his literary works.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhattacharya, Bidhayak - Banglapedia|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Bhattacharya,_Bidhayak|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Bhranti Bilas]]''
* ''[[Deya Neya]]''
* ''Tridhara''
* ''[[Abak Prithibi]]''
* ''[[Uttar Megh]]''
* ''Abasheshe''
* ''Gayer Meye''
* ''Sudha''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1291174}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Bidhayak}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]
[[Category:People from Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from West Bengal]]

Ram Singh Kaswan

2026-02-07T22:32:37Z

MYRA: Expanded content with additional details

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|8|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kalri, [[Churu District]], Rajasthan
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 1999
| term_end1 = 2014
| successor1 = [[Rahul Kaswan]]
| constituency1 = [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| term_start2 = 1991
| term_end2 = 1996
| successor2 = [[Narendra Budania]]
| constituency2 = [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| office3 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart3 = 1998
| termend3 = 1999
| succeeded3 = Nand Lal Poonia
| constituency3 = [[Sadulpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulpur]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| residence = Deep Niwas, Sadulpur,
Distt. [[Churu, Rajasthan]]
| father =
| mother =
| spouse =
| children = 4
| education = [[B.Sc.]], [[LL.B.]]
| alma_mater = Doonger College, Bikaner and Rajasthan University, [[Jaipur]]
| profession = Agriculturist, Advocate and Social Worker
| website =
| footnotes = Source [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=181&lastls=15]
| parents = [[Deep Chand Kaswan]]
}}

'''Ram Singh Kaswan''' ({{IPA|hi|ɾaːm sɪŋgʱ kəs.ʋaːn̪}}; born 10 August 1945) is an Indian politician and a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was [[member of parliament]] from [[Churu district]] in Rajasthan, India.

==Personal life==

He was born to [[Deep Chand Kaswan]] in [[Sadulpur|Sadulpur, Churu]]. He is graduated with [[Bachelor of Laws]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive.ph |url=https://archive.ph/20110715151936/http://www.rajasthantalkies.com/2009/05/churu-lok-sabha-seat-winner.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204210117/https://archive.ph/20110715151936/http://www.rajasthantalkies.com/2009/05/churu-lok-sabha-seat-winner.html |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=archive.ph}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20110715151936/http://www.rajasthantalkies.com/2009/05/churu-lok-sabha-seat-winner.html Ram Singh Kaswan, Churu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060514190640/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/homepage.asp?mpsno=181 Lok Sabha member's Home page - Ram Singh Kaswan]
* [http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13RJ03.htm Official Biography of Ram Singh Kaswan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311154427/http://in.news.yahoo.com/040513/43/2d2cz.html News Item]

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaswan, Ram Singh}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from Churu district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]

Economic policy of the Narendra Modi government

2026-01-31T22:44:40Z

MYRA: created basic post needs work...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Narendra Modi series}}
'''The economic policies of the [[Narendra Modi]] government''', also known as '''Modinomics''', focused on privatization and liberalization of the economy, based on a [[neoliberal]] framework.<ref name="Ruparelia">{{cite journal|last1=Ruparelia |first1=Sanjay |date=12 January 2016 |title='Minimum Government, Maximum Governance': The Restructuring of Power in Modi's India |journal=Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=755–775 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1089974 |issn=0085-6401 |doi-access=free |s2cid=155182560}}</ref><ref name="Shah & Lerche">{{cite journal|last1=Shah|first1=Alpa|last2=Lerche|first2=Jens|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2015/41/book-reviews/indias-democracy-illusion-inclusion.html|title=India's Democracy: Illusion of Inclusion|journal=[[Economic & Political Weekly]]|date=10 October 2015|volume=50|issue=41|pages=33–36|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328113150/https://www.epw.in/journal/2015/41/book-reviews/indias-democracy-illusion-inclusion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Modi liberalized India's [[foreign direct investment]] policies, to allow for more foreign investment in several industries, including in defense and the railways.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Sanjeev|last1=Miglani|first2=Krishna N.|last2=Das|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-reforms-idINKCN0SZ18J20151110|title=India frees up foreign investment in 15 major sectors|agency=[[Reuters]] India|date=10 November 2015|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-date=11 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611005401/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-reforms-idINKCN0SZ18J20151110|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/cabinet-approves-raising-fdi-cap-in-defence-to-49-per-cent-opens-up-railways/articleshow/39767641.cms | work=[[The Economic Times]] | title=Cabinet approves raising FDI cap in defence to 49 per cent, opens up railways | date=7 August 2014 | access-date=17 October 2021 | archive-date=17 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017184753/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/cabinet-approves-raising-fdi-cap-in-defence-to-49-per-cent-opens-up-railways/articleshow/39767641.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/modi-presses-reform-for-india-but-is-it-enough-1416466742 | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | first=Raymond | last=Zhong | title=Modi Presses Reform for India—But Is it Enough? | date=20 November 2014 | access-date=17 October 2021 | archive-date=29 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329123224/http://www.wsj.com/articles/modi-presses-reform-for-india-but-is-it-enough-1416466742 | url-status=live }}</ref> Other proposed reforms included making the forming of unions more difficult for workers, and making recruitment and dismissal easier for employers. In 2021–22, the [[Foreign direct investment in India|foreign direct investment]] (FDI) in India was $82 billion. India's gross domestic savings rate stood at 29.3% of GDP in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=20623|title=Reserve Bank of India – Publications|work=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=8 July 2022|archive-date=8 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708104448/https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=20623|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Economy==
In his first budget, [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] [[Arun Jaitley]] promised to gradually reduce the budgetary deficit from 4.1% to 3% over two years and to divest from shares in public banks.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Budget 2016: Full text of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley's speech |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/budget-2016-full-text-of-finance-minister-arun-jaitleys-speech/articleshow/51194097.cms |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228104518/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/budget-2016-full-text-of-finance-minister-arun-jaitleys-speech/articleshow/51194097.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Over Modi's first year in office, the Indian GDP grew at a rate of 7.5%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/overview |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=World Bank|archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118154214/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the first eight years of Modi's premiership, India's GDP grew at an average rate of 5.5% per cent compared to the rate of 7.03 per cent under the previous government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Amitabh |date=30 May 2022 |title=PM Narendra Modi’s 8 Years: How He Has Performed Compared to Manmohan Singh |url=https://www.thequint.com/opinion/pm-narendra-modis-8-years-how-he-has-performed-compared-to-manmohan-singh |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref> In recent years, independent economists and financial institutions have accused the government of manipulating various economic data, especially [[Economic growth|GDP growth rate]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Manoj |date=9 May 2019 |title=India's incredulous data: Economists create own benchmarks |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-economy-data-insight/indias-incredulous-data-economists-create-own-benchmarks-idUSKCN1SF0L6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509085922/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-economy-data-insight/indias-incredulous-data-economists-create-own-benchmarks-idUSKCN1SF0L6 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |access-date=9 May 2019 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Mihir S. |date=13 June 2019 |title=GDP data under cloud: Govt should know that this is a crisis of credibility |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gdp-data-under-cloud-govt-should-know-that-this-is-a-crisis-of-credibility-119061300134_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613040500/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gdp-data-under-cloud-govt-should-know-that-this-is-a-crisis-of-credibility-119061300134_1.html |archive-date=13 June 2019 |access-date=13 June 2019 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Wrong With India's GDP Numbers? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/what-is-wrong-with-indias-gdp-numbers/ |website=thediplomat.com}}</ref>

In July 2014, Modi refused to sign a trade agreement that would permit the [[World Trade Organization]] to implement a deal agreed in Bali, citing that agreement will lead to "lack of protection to Indian farmers and the needs of food security" and "Lack of bargaining power".<ref>{{Cite news |title=WTO deal failure: Valid reasons why PM Narendra Modi's government refused to yield |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/wto-deal-failure-valid-reasons-why-pm-narendra-modis-government-refused-to-yield/articleshow/39471767.cms |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228112924/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/wto-deal-failure-valid-reasons-why-pm-narendra-modis-government-refused-to-yield/articleshow/39471767.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The addition to Indian airports grew by 23 percent in 2016 while the airfares dropped by over 25 percent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Somesh |date=17 January 2017 |title=Domestic air passenger traffic grew 23% in 2016|work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/Domestic-air-passenger-traffic-grew-23-in-2016/article17050073.ece |access-date=28 February 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328113306/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/Domestic-air-passenger-traffic-grew-23-in-2016/article17050073.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The level of income inequality increased drastically,<ref name="CNBC Nov 2018">{{cite news |last1=V. |first1=Harini |date=14 November 2018 |title=India's economy is booming. Now comes the hard part |publisher=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/15/india-economy-modi-faces-inequality-black-money-and-taxes.html |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121065518/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/15/india-economy-modi-faces-inequality-black-money-and-taxes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while an internal government report said that in 2017, unemployment had increased to its highest level in 45 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2019 |title=Unemployment rate at 45-year high, confirms Labour Ministry data|work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/unemployment-rate-at-45-year-high-confirms-labour-ministry-data/article62001095.ece |access-date=28 February 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223030328/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/unemployment-rate-at-45-year-high-confirms-labour-ministry-data/article62001095.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The loss of jobs was attributed to the [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|2016 demonetisation]], and to the effects of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Service Tax]].<ref name="NYT Jan 2019">{{cite news |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=31 January 2019 |title=India's Leader Is Accused of Hiding Unemployment Data Before Vote |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/world/asia/india-unemployment-rate.html |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131203108/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/world/asia/india-unemployment-rate.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reuters Jan 2019">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Manoj |last2=Ghoshal |first2=Devjyot |date=31 January 2019 |title=Indian jobless rate at multi-decade high, report says, in blow to Modi |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/us-india-economy-jobs/indian-jobless-rate-at-multi-decade-high-report-says-in-blow-to-modi-idINKCN1PP0FX |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209003057/https://in.reuters.com/article/us-india-economy-jobs/indian-jobless-rate-at-multi-decade-high-report-says-in-blow-to-modi-idINKCN1PP0FX |url-status=dead }}</ref> The last year of Modi's first term didn't see much economic development and focused on the policies of defence and on the basic formula of [[Hindutva]].

His government focused on pension facilities for old-age group people and depressed sections of society.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Hindol |date=October 2019 |title=The economic mind of Narendra Modi|website=[[Observer Research Foundation]] |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/economic-mind-narendra-modi-56004/ |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115100049/https://www.orfonline.org/research/economic-mind-narendra-modi-56004/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The economic growth rate in 2018-19 was recorded to be 6.1%, which was lower than the average rate of the first four years of premiership.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2020 |title=GDP growth rate for 2018-19 revised downwards to 6.1 pc |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/gdp-growth-rate-for-2018-19-revised-downwards-to-6-1-pc/articleshow/73808214.cms |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126002208/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/gdp-growth-rate-for-2018-19-revised-downwards-to-6-1-pc/articleshow/73808214.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The fall in the growth rate was again attributed to the 2016 demonetisation and to the effects of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Asit Ranjan |date=10 January 2019 |title=What India GDP growth rate forecast for 2018-19 means |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/zxNzYKQfLHUCB2yR3vKE8J/What-India-GDP-growth-rate-forecast-for-2018-19-means.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116102219/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/zxNzYKQfLHUCB2yR3vKE8J/What-India-GDP-growth-rate-forecast-for-2018-19-means.html |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]]}}</ref> on the economy. In 2025, Modi's government announced reforms to the country's [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|goods and services tax]] (GST).<ref>https://www.economist.com/asia/2026/01/21/the-remarkable-recovery-of-narendra-modi</ref>

===Make in India===
{{Main|Make In India}}
[[File:Narendra Modi launches Make in India.jpg|thumb|right|284x284px|Indian Government at the launch of the ''[[Make in India]]'' program]]
In September 2014, Modi introduced the [[Make in India]] initiative to encourage foreign companies to manufacture products in India, with the goal of turning India into a global manufacturing hub.<ref>{{cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Gaurav |title=Look East, Link West, says PM Modi at Make in India launch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/look-east-link-west-says-pm-modi-at-make-in-india-launch/story-mGj6f6mlUmos0BAi27Rl1O.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927051617/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/look-east-link-west-says-pm-modi-at-make-in-india-launch/story-mGj6f6mlUmos0BAi27Rl1O.html |archive-date=27 September 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=25 September 2014 }}</ref> Supporters of economic liberalisation supported the initiative, while critics argued it would allow foreign corporations to capture a greater share of the Indian market. "Make in India" had three stated objectives:
* to increase the manufacturing sector's growth rate to 12-14% per annum
* to create 100 million additional manufacturing jobs in the economy by 2022
* to ensure that the manufacturing sector's contribution to GDP is increased to 25% by 2022 (later revised to 2025).

Make in India has been unsuccessful at achieving its stated targets. Under this programme, the share of manufacturing in GDP was projected to reach 25% by 2022. However, the GDP share of manufacturing has actually fallen from 16.7% in 2013–2014 to 15.9% in 2023–2024.<ref name="v120">{{cite web | last=Raghavan | first=TCA Sharad | title=10 yrs of 'Make in India' & the manufacturing sector is back to where it was in 2013-14 | website=ThePrint | date=2024-09-25 | url=https://theprint.in/economy/10-yrs-of-make-in-india-the-manufacturing-sector-is-back-to-where-it-was-in-2013-14/2283732/ | access-date=2024-10-01}}</ref><ref name="f310">{{cite web | last=Mondal | first=Dipak | title=Make in India fails to lift manufacturing share in GDP in 10 yrs | website=The New Indian Express | date=2024-09-26|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2024/Sep/26/make-in-india-fails-to-lift-manufacturing-share-in-gdp-in-10-yrs | access-date=2024-09-30}}</ref><ref name="d223">{{cite web | last=Shastry | first=Vasuki | title=As Modi makes ambitious pitch in the US, Make in India is qualified failure 10 years on | website=Scroll.in | date=2024-09-24 | url=https://scroll.in/article/1073404/ten-years-on-make-in-india-is-a-qualified-failure | access-date=2024-09-30}}</ref><ref name="g226">{{cite web | last=Babu | first=M. Suresh | title=Why ‘Make in India’ has failed | website=The Hindu | date=2020-01-19 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/why-make-in-india-has-failed/article30601269.ece | access-date=2024-09-30}}</ref>

==Labour==
Modi's labour reforms received support from institutions such as the [[World Bank]] but faced opposition from scholars, [[Socialism in India|socialist]] and [[Communism in India|communist]] parties, and [[Labor rights|worker rights groups]] within the country. The labour laws also drew strong resistance from [[Trade unions in India|unions]]: on 2 September 2015, eleven of the country's largest unions went on strike, including one affiliated with the BJP. The strike was estimated to have cost the economy $3.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Millions strike in India to protest against Modi's labor reforms |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/03/millions-strike-in-india-to-protest-against-modis-planned-labor-reforms.html |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Millions strike in India over government labour reforms |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/9/2/millions-strike-in-india-over-government-labour-reforms |access-date=3 November 2023 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

The [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]], a constituent of the [[Sangh Parivar]], stated that the reforms would hurt labourers by making it easier for corporations to exploit them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohan |first=Archis |date=12 May 2020 |title=Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh asks state units to oppose changes in labour laws |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/rss-affiliated-union-asks-state-units-to-oppose-changes-in-labour-laws-120051200035_1.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228104519/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/rss-affiliated-union-asks-state-units-to-oppose-changes-in-labour-laws-120051200035_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
[[File:Forecasting public healthcare expenditure by Government of India.jpg|left|thumb|390x390px|Forecasting public healthcare expenditure by Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |author=Avishek Majumder |date=6 December 2018 |title=Understanding public healthcare expenditures by the Government of India |url=https://www.projectguru.in/understanding-public-healthcare-expenditures-government-india/ |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Project Guru|archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228151402/https://www.projectguru.in/understanding-public-healthcare-expenditures-government-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

India's health budget increases under Modi's premiership have been criticised as disappointing despite new measures such as expanded health insurance, a national dialysis programme, and more government-run pharmacies offering low-cost generic medicines. While private healthcare welcomed these steps, public health experts expressed concerns that public healthcare funding remains inadequate, and that public health services were being outsourced to the private sector.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mudur |first=Ganapati |date=4 March 2016 |title=Rise in India’s health budget is “disappointing,” say experts |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/edba3e082ac91d49f9cbddd3f4964099/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2043523 |journal=[[The BMJ]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.i1338 |pmid=26944481|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] led to a [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India|major economic fallout in India]], with a rise in poverty, unemployment, and a recession. In May 2020, Modi announced an overall economic stimulus package worth {{INRConvert|20|lc|lk=on|year=2020}}. By December 2020, it was revealed that less than 10% of the stimulus had been disbursed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 December 2021|title=Rs 20 lakh-crore pandemic package: Barely 10% disbursed, says RTI|work=The Economic Times|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/rs-20-lakh-crore-pandemic-package-barely-10-disbursed-says-rti/articleshow/79703689.cms?ncode=6be610441d2ae972cd29b752110f7bc5ac59cf341a094c32e7bd9b2c3806ca7216ed80d76b9d498ad2cf71b0f49661af3e45cb7959b9fe58cfa0ca4842e8e5f1bc1da39015054cc5d2962a0a54678ace|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> By December 2021, India was back to pre-COVID-19 growth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=HTLS 2021: We’re largely back to pre-Covid growth, says FM Sitharaman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/htls-2021-we-re-largely-back-to-pre-covid-growth-fm-101638641716838.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==Public transportation==
The government entered into significant agreements with [[General Electric]] and [[Alstom]] to supply India with 1,000 new diesel locomotives as part of a broader effort to reform the Indian railway system, which also encompassed privatisation initiatives.<ref>{{cite web |last=Riley |first=Charles |date=10 November 2015 |title=GE to build 1,000 trains for India in massive deal |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/11/10/news/india-railways-ge/ |access-date=17 October 2021 |work=[[CNNMoney]] |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627063414/https://money.cnn.com/2015/11/10/news/india-railways-ge/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Narayan |first=Adi |date=9 November 2015 |title=India's $5.6 Billion GE, Alstom Deals Step Up Rail Overhaul |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-09/ge-wins-2-6-billion-contract-to-make-1-000-locomotives-in-india |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824043640/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-09/ge-wins-2-6-billion-contract-to-make-1-000-locomotives-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2015, the Modi administration signed an agreement with [[Japan]] to jointly develop a [[high-speed rail]] network connecting [[Mumbai]] and [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 December 2015 |title=Japan and India sign bullet train deal amid closer ties |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35086944 |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=17 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217074732/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-35086944 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Anchor|Railways}}
Under his leadership, the [[Railway budget of India|Railway Budget]] was merged with the [[Union budget of India|Union Budget of India]]. Additionally, the date for presenting the budget was changed from 28 February to 1 February, and the financial year was adjusted from July to April. Moreover, the distinction between planned and non-planned expenditure was abolished. The Modi government also dismantled the [[Foreign Investment Promotion Board]] (FIPB), which had been viewed as a barrier to foreign direct investments.<ref>{{citation |last=Dutta |first=Prabhash K. |title=3 years of PM Narendra Modi: Here's how NDA government performed on economic front |date=26 May 2017 |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/narendra-modi-bharatiya-janata-party-nda-government-third-anniversary-economy/1/963861.html |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=19 October 2021 |archive-date=3 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203193516/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/narendra-modi-bharatiya-janata-party-nda-government-third-anniversary-economy/1/963861.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Premiership of Narendra Modi]]
* [[Timeline of the Narendra Modi premiership]]
* [[Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Narendra Modi}}

[[Category:Narendra Modi]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Economic policy in Asia]]
[[Category:Economic history of India (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Neoliberalism]]

Fingertip season 2

2026-01-26T17:26:46Z

MYRA:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox television season
| image =
| caption =
| starring = [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] [[Regina Cassandra]] [[Aparna Balamurali]] [[Vinoth Kishan]] Sharath Ravi
| num_episodes = 13
| network = [[Zee5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|6|17}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Fingertip''''' '''(Season 2)''' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] television series directed by Srinivasan Shivakar starring [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Aparna Balamurali|Aparana Balamurali]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Vinoth Kishan]], Kanna Ravi, and Sharath Ravi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-14 |title=Actor Prasanna Talks About How He Got A Role In The Upcoming Show 'Fingertips: Season 2' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/actor-prasanna-talks-about-how-he-got-a-role-in-the-upcoming-show-fingertip-season-2--news-202163 |access-date=2022-06-16 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=2022-06-16 |title=Aparna Balamurali: 'My experience in 'Soorarai Pottru' still helps me' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aparna-balamurali-my-experience-in-soorarai-pottru-still-helps-me/article65526740.ece |access-date=2022-06-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Fingertip Season 2 premiered on June 17, 2022, on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=ZEE5's superhit web series Fingerprint renewed for the second season - Deets inside - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/zee5-webseries-fingerprint-new-second-season-update-actor-prasanna-regina-cassandra-webseries-tamil-news-317271 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The lives of six individuals get severely affected by the ever-changing digital space. While some of them are predators, others are victims of cybercrime and digital depression.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Archana |date=2022-06-12 |title=Fingertip Season 2 OTT Release Date, Star Cast, Trailer, Makers & More Updates |url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entetainment/fingertip-season-2-ott-release-date-star-cast-trailer-makers-more |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=JanBharat Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Aparna Balamurali]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Arivazhagan Arivu [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=I was down with Covid when Shivakar approached me for 'Fingertip 2': Prasanna - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-was-down-with-covid-when-shivakar-approached-me-for-fingertip-2-prasanna/articleshow/92197091.cms |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Regina Cassandra]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fingertip Season 2 on Zee5: Prasanna, Regina Cassandra and Aparna Balamurali tell why you should watch this web series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/fingertip-season-2-on-zee5-prasanna-regina-cassandra-and-aparna-balamurali-tell-why-you-should-watch-this-web-series/caff6fc555772 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vinoth Kishan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Aparna Balamurali: It Takes A Lot Of Courage To Make A Series Like 'Fingertip 2' |url=https://www.glamsham.com/ott/web-news/it-takes-a-lot-of-courage-to-make-a-series-like-fingertip-2-aparna-balamurali |access-date=2022-06-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Sharath Ravi
* [[Kanna Ravi]]
* [[G. Marimuthu]]
* [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]]
* [[Jeeva Ravi]]
* [[Deepakraj Gunasekaran]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb episodes|11071276}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/fingertip/0-6-1965 ''Fingertip''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]

Himayatnagar, Hyderabad

2026-01-25T07:54:01Z

MYRA: content update

{{Other uses|Himayatnagar (disambiguation){{!}}Himayatnagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Himayatnagar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|24|24|N|78|29|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 494
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Telugu
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500029, 500075
| registration_plate = TG
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khairatabad (Assembly constituency)|Khairatabad]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Himayatnagar''' ({{respell|Hee|mā|yath|na|gar}}) is a neighbourhood in [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India. It is also a mandal in [[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad District]]. It was named after [[Azam Jah|Mir Himayat Ali Khan (Azam Jah)]], the 1st son of the [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|last Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.knowap.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54:a-history-behind-street-names-of-hyderabad-a-secunderabad&catid=14:cover-features&Itemid=69 | title=精品成a人无码亚洲成a无码,人妻熟妇视频一区二区,yy6080无码av午夜福利免费,翁公的浓精和邻居老头 | access-date=19 June 2018 | archive-date=19 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163139/http://www.knowap.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54:a-history-behind-street-names-of-hyderabad-a-secunderabad&catid=14:cover-features&Itemid=69 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Himayatnagar is located at the south-eastern side of [[Hussain Sagar]]. It adjoins the localities of [[Narayanguda]], [[Basheerbagh]] and [[Hyderguda]].

==History==
Himayatnagar developed into the residential and commercial frontier of the city around the mid-1960s.

== Transport ==
[[TSRTC]] connects Himayatnagar to all parts of the city.

==Major establishments==
Himayatnagar has the offices of the [[Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation]] and the Telugu Academy.
[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam]] has an office at Himayatnagar.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tirumala.org/ttd_board_informationcentres.htm | title=TTD Information Centres and Kalyana Mandapams | publisher=TTD | access-date=24 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901051935/http://www.tirumala.org/ttd_board_informationcentres.htm | archive-date=1 September 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-05-24/Brahmotsavams-at-Himayatnagar-Balaji-temple-153106 Brahmotsavams at Himayatnagar Balaji temple]</ref> A noted center, [[Urdu Hall]] is located here.

==Institutes==
*[https://www.hamstech.com/ Hamstech Institute of Fashion & Interior Design] is located here
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:APTDC Entrance.jpg|Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation Office in Himayatnagar.
File:Domino's Outlet.jpg|[[Domino's Pizza]] outlet in Himayatnagar.

</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]

Senior National Hockey Championship

2026-01-11T02:51:33Z

MYRA: Added a info added tags...

{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox sports league
| name = Senior National Hockey Championship
| image =
| pixels =
| country = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| administrator = [[Hockey India]] (since 2011) [[Indian Hockey Federation]] (1928–2010)
| sport = [[Field hockey]]
| founded = '''M:''' {{start date and age|1928}} '''W:''' {{start date and age|1947}}
| inaugural = 1928
| tournament_format =
| folded =
| teams =
| champion = '''M:''' Punjab (21st title) '''W:''' Jharkhand (1st title)
| most_champs = '''M:''' [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] (25 titles) '''W:''' [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] (8 titles)
| tv = [[FanCode]] Hockey India ([[YouTube]])
| website = {{URL|https://www.hockeyindia.org/|hockeyindia.org}}
| current = 2024
}}
The '''Senior National Hockey Championship''' is a state-level national [[field hockey]] competition contested by the state associations and government institutions under [[Hockey India]], the sport's governing body in India. It was first held in 1928 under the aegis of [[Indian Hockey Federation]] (IHF), the former Indian field hockey federation and was also known as '''Rangaswamy Cup'''. Since 2011, it has been organised by [[Hockey India]] under the name of '''Hockey India Senior National Championship'''.<ref name="sport"/>

==History==
In 1928, the Indian Hockey Federation organised the first national championship at [[Calcutta]] which was won by United Provinces. The competition was held biennially until 1944 following which it was held annually. During the Indian hockey team tour to New Zealand in 1935, the Maoris offered a shield to the team which was hence awarded to the winners of the National Championships. This shield won by Punjab in 1947 but was never returned by Pakistan following partition. In 1951, Madras hosted the National Championships for the first time and a new trophy was donated by the proprietors of [[The Hindu]] group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senior National hockey: Beijawad stars in Karnataka's win |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/senior-national-hockey-beijawad-stars-in-karnatakas-win/article4721890.ece |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |work=The Hindu |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=16 February 2023 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184944/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/senior-national-hockey-beijawad-stars-in-karnatakas-win/article4721890.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Results==
===Men's championships===
The results of the Senior National Hockey Championship:<ref>{{cite web |title=Roll of Honour — SENIOR NEHRU HOCKEY TOURNAMENT |url=http://nehruhockey.com/tournament_roll_of_honour.htm |publisher=nehruhockey.com |location=New Delhi |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022230235/http://nehruhockey.com/tournament_roll_of_honour.htm |archive-date=22 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="sport">{{cite book |title=Portrait Of Indian Sport |url=https://archive.org/details/portraitofinidan00anth |publisher=Macmillan |last1=D'Mello |first1=Anthony |date=1959 |access-date=5 September 2022 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''Indian Hockey Federation (1928–2010)'''
|-
! Year !! Winner !! Runner-up
|-
| 1928 || United Provinces || Rajputana
|-
| 1930 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab
|-
| 1932 || Punjab || Bengal
|-
| 1934 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 1936 || Bengal || Manavadar
|-
| 1938 || Bengal || Bhopal
|-
| 1940 || Bombay || Delhi
|-
| 1942 || Delhi || Punjab
|-
| 1944 || Bombay || Gwalior
|-
| 1945 || Bhopal || United Provinces
|-
| 1946 || Punjab || Delhi
|-
| 1947 || Punjab || Bombay
|-
| 1948 || Bhopal || Bombay
|-
| 1949 || Punjab || Bengal
|-
| 1950 || Punjab || Bhopal
|-
| 1951 || Punjab || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1952 || Bengal || Punjab
|-
| 1953 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || Punjab
|-
| 1954 || Punjab || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1955 || colspan=2|''[[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] and Madras were joint winners''
|-
| 1956 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1957 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Bombay
|-
| 1958 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Bombay
|-
| 1959 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1961 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1962 || Punjab || Bhopal
|-
| 1963 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1964 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1965 || Punjab || Bombay
|-
| 1966 || colspan=2|''[[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] and [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] were joint winners''
|-
| 1967 || colspan=2|''[[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] and Madras were joint winners''
|-
| 1968 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Mysore
|-
| 1969 || Punjab || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1970 || colspan=2|''Punjab and [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] were joint winners''
|-
| 1971 || Punjab || Bombay
|-
| 1972 || Punjab || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1973 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1974 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1975 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1976 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1977<ref>{{cite web |title=National Hockey Championship: Railways, Indian Airlines decide to 'share' Rangaswami Cup |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19770331-national-hockey-championship-railways-indian-airlines-decide-to-share-rangaswami-cup-823621-2014-08-01 |publisher=India Today |last=Sanyal |first=Saradindu |date=31 March 1977 |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222145915/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19770331-national-hockey-championship-railways-indian-airlines-decide-to-share-rangaswami-cup-823621-2014-08-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> || colspan=2|''Indian Airlines Corporation and [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] were joint winners''
|-
| 1978 || Indian Airlines Corporation || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1979 || Indian Airlines Corporation || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1980 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Indian Airlines
|-
| 1981 || Punjab || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1982 || Punjab || Indian Airlines
|-
| 1983 || Punjab || Bombay
|-
| 1984 || Indian Airlines || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1985 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || Punjab
|-
| 1986 || Indian Airlines || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 1987 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab
|-
| 1988 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Indian Airlines
|-
| 1989 || Bombay || Punjab
|-
| 1990 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab
|-
| 1991 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 1992 || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || Indian Airlines
|-
| 1993 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|-
| 1994 || Indian Airlines || Bombay
|-
| 1995–96 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 1997 || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1998 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 1999 || Indian Airlines || Tamil Nadu
|-
| 2000 || Indian Airlines || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| 2001–04 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 2005 || Punjab and Sindh Bank || Indian Oil
|-
| 2006 || Punjab and Sindh Bank || Delhi
|-
| 2007–09 || colspan=2|''Not Played''
|-
| 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Men's hockey championship: Mumbai lifts 63rd Rangaswami Cup |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-men-s-hockey-championship-mumbai-lifts-63rd-rangaswami-cup-1411742 |publisher=DNA India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || Mumbai || Haryana
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | '''Hockey India (2011–present)'''
|-
! Year !! Winner !! Runner-up !! Third place
|-
| 2011<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Hockey India Senior Men National Championship |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/Stats-Sr.-Men1.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184945/https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/Stats-Sr.-Men1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || Haryana || Karnataka || Punjab
|-
| 2012<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Hockey India Senior Men National Championship |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/Stats-Sr.-Men-20121.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184954/https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/Stats-Sr.-Men-20121.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || Punjab || [[Air India FC|Air India]] || Karnataka
|-
| 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2013 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/04/Res-Pune-Championships19.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184948/https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/04/Res-Pune-Championships19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Air India FC|Air India]] || Punjab || Karnataka
|-
| 2014<ref>{{cite web |title=4th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2014 (Div A) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/09/RES-SENIOR-MEN-A-DIVISION14.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184947/https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/09/RES-SENIOR-MEN-A-DIVISION14.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Air India FC|Air India]] || Comptroller and Auditor General of India || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 2015<ref>{{cite web |title=5th Hockey India Senior Men National Hockey Championship 2015 Division A |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/62/72/a7/c76f81b0-7db5-41cd-9e58-1fe0346aef13.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184955/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/62/72/a7/c76f81b0-7db5-41cd-9e58-1fe0346aef13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Uttar Pradesh || [[Air India FC|Air India]]
|-
| 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=6th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2016 (Div A) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/83/7f/1e/38f52e8e-7303-4ac6-b302-f13b1c485083.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184949/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/83/7f/1e/38f52e8e-7303-4ac6-b302-f13b1c485083.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab || [[Hockey Odisha|Odisha]]
|-
| 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=7th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2017 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/31/24/77/c1e479d8-b579-4c3a-9cec-6921e05200a2.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184947/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/31/24/77/c1e479d8-b579-4c3a-9cec-6921e05200a2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab and Sind Bank || Punjab
|-
| 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=8th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2018 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/9f/7d/ee/914ce899-bbd7-4022-9148-0e2bd974efab.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184953/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/9f/7d/ee/914ce899-bbd7-4022-9148-0e2bd974efab.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || Punjab || Petroleum Sports Promotion Board || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
|-
| [[Senior National Hockey Tournament 2019|2019]]<ref>{{cite web |title=9th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2019 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/af/dc/c6/93fc821d-1952-4be9-8a67-e0c6a5ca458d.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184945/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/af/dc/c6/93fc821d-1952-4be9-8a67-e0c6a5ca458d.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab || Petroleum Sports Promotion Board
|-
| 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2020 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/7a/b0/70/662ef258-9fd5-4916-af5c-dec2b6bf1abc.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123190910/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/7a/b0/70/662ef258-9fd5-4916-af5c-dec2b6bf1abc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || [[Air India FC|Air India]] || Petroleum Sports Promotion Board
|-
| 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=11th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2021 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/23/41/82/b5a88076-bbd4-4c8f-abaf-5c5c501d9e68.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228112412/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/23/41/82/b5a88076-bbd4-4c8f-abaf-5c5c501d9e68.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || Punjab || Uttar Pradesh || Karnataka
|-
| 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=12th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2022 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/tournament/12th-hockey-india-senior-men-national-championship-2022-2084 |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216184959/https://www.hockeyindia.org/tournament/12th-hockey-india-senior-men-national-championship-2022-2084 |url-status=live }}</ref> || Haryana || Tamil Nadu || Karnataka
|-
| 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Hockey Punjab lifts 13th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2023 trophy |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-punjab-lifts-13th-hockey-india-senior-men-national-championship-2023-trophy |website=Hockey India |access-date=28 November 2023 }}</ref> || Punjab || Haryana || Tamil Nadu
|-
| 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Final Results: 14th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2024 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/final-results-14th-hockey-india-senior-men-national-championship-2024#:~:text=Chennai%2C%2016%20November%202024%3A%20The,to%20claim%20the%20championship%20title. |website=Hockey India |access-date=16 November 2024 }}</ref> || [[Hockey Association of Odisha|Odisha]] || Haryana || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Final Results: 15th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship 2025 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/final-results-15th-hockey-india-senior-men-national-championship-2025 |website=Hockey India |access-date=15 April 2025 }}</ref> || Punjab || Madhya Pradesh || Uttar Pradesh
|}

===Women's championships===
;''Women's nationals have been held since 1947 under IWHF/IHF until the start of HI championships, but the statistics are yet to be integrated here due to lack of coverage and reports.''<ref>{{cite web |title=WCW:When India played its first women World Cup |url=https://stick2hockey.com/wcwwhen-india-played-its-first-women-world-cup/ |website=Stick2hockey |access-date=18 April 2025 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | '''Hockey India (2011–present)'''
|-
! Year !! Winner !! Runner-up !! Third place
|-
| 2011<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Hockey India Senior Women National Championship |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/Stats-Sr.-Women1.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Haryana || [[Hockey Odisha|Odisha]]
|-
| 2012<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Hockey India Senior Women National Championship |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/05/RES-2ND-HOCKEY-INDIA-SENIOR-WOMEN-NATIONAL-CHAMPIONSHIP-2012.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Haryana || Jharkhand
|-
| 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2013 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/04/3rd-HOCKEY-INDIA-SENIOR-WOMEN-NATIONAL-CHAMPIONSHIP-2013-RESULT13_new1.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || Haryana || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Jharkhand
|-
| 2014<ref>{{cite web |title=4th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2014 (Div A) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/pdfImages/images/stories/2013/09/RES-SR-WOMEN-A-DIVISON7.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Haryana || Jharkhand
|-
| 2015<ref>{{cite web |title=5th Hockey India Senior Women National Hockey Championship 2015 Division A |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/ba/df/66/9119e19c-b619-4195-80a6-410992ad1ab6.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Jharkhand || Punjab
|-
| 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=6th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2016 (Div A) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/1f/6c/84/b6b6ea9e-c5b6-4be9-b063-69aa261f03f2.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Punjab || Madhya Pradesh Hockey Academy
|-
| 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=7th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2017 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/4b/7e/e9/e9a29175-a2cb-470c-bf3d-9d818b7c0b93.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Haryana || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=8th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2018 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/3b/5f/56/96d1652a-1b01-4cce-ac26-1592364d4cdf.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Madhya Pradesh || Haryana
|-
| 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=9th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2019 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/7e/51/17/f795f59f-e5bf-43c6-ab56-a6c4f6f7ce27.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || Madhya Pradesh || Haryana
|-
| 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2020 (A Div) |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/f0/b7/f4/eae253ab-4715-4f44-8c38-4e87958f9d4d.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || Haryana || Sports Authority of India || Madhya Pradesh Hockey Academy
|-
| 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=11th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2021 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/07/90/83/6b1b2063-b4df-4849-bf66-c183a4d733d7.pdf |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || Madhya Pradesh || Haryana || Punjab
|-
| 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=12th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2022 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/tournament/12th-hockey-india-senior-women-national-championship-2022-2085 |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || [[Hockey Association of Odisha|Odisha]] || Karnataka || Jharkhand
|-
| 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=13th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2023 |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/tournament/13th-hockey-india-senior-women-national-championship-2023-2162 |website=Hockey India |access-date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> || Madhya Pradesh || Maharashtra || Jharkhand
|-
| 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Hockey Haryana crowned Champions of the 14th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-haryana-crowned-champions-of-the-14th-hockey-india-senior-women-national-championship |website=Hockey India |access-date=23 March 2024 }}</ref> || Haryana || Maharashtra || Jharkhand
|-
| 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Hockey Jharkhand wins 15th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2025 title |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-jharkhand-wins-15th-hockey-india-senior-women-national-championship-2025-title |website=Hockey India |access-date=12 March 2025 }}</ref> || Jharkhand || Haryana || Mizoram
|}

==Performance by teams==
===Men's===
;''Includes both IHF and HI championships.''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Team !! Championships
|-
| [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || align="center"|25
|-
| Punjab || align="center"|21
|-
| [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] || align="center"|9
|-
| Indian Airlines || align="center"|8
|-
| Maharashtra / Mumbai / Bombay || align="center"|4
|-
| West Bengal / Bengal || align="center"|3
|-
| Haryana || align="center"|2
|-
| [[Air India FC|Air India]] || align="center"|2
|-
| Tamil Nadu / Madras || align="center"|2
|-
| Madhya Pradesh / Bhopal || align="center"|2
|-
| Punjab and Sind Bank || align="center"|2
|-
| Uttar Pradesh / United Provinces || align="center"|1
|-
| Delhi || align="center"|1
|-
| [[Hockey Association of Odisha|Odisha]] || align="center"|1
|}

===Women's ===
;''Includes only HI championships.''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Team !! Championships
|-
| [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] || align="center"|8
|-
| Haryana || align="center"|3
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || align="center"|2
|-
| [[Hockey Association of Odisha|Odisha]] || align="center"|1
|-
| Jharkhand || align="center"|1
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/ Hockey India]

{{Field Hockey in India}}

[[Category:Field hockey competitions in India]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1928]]

Sundar Lal Mandrawal

2026-01-01T18:00:06Z

MYRA:

{{Short description|Indian politician (died 2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
'''Sundar Lal Mandrawal''' (died 30 September 2020) was an Indian politician and member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was a member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Pauri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Pauri constituency]] and [[Srinagar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Srinagar]] in [[Pauri Garhwal district]].<ref>https://khabaruttarakhand.com/uttarakhand-breaking-senior-congress-leader-sundar-lal-mandarwal-passed-away-twice/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-former-mla-sundar-lal-mandarwal-dies-at-dehradun-20814131.html|title=गांधी वादी नेता और पूर्व विधायक सुंदर लाल मंद्रवाल का निधन - Former MLA Sundar Lal Mandarwal dies at Dehradun|website=Jagran}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People from Pauri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttaranchal MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century births]]

{{Uttarakhand-INC-politician-stub}}

Kamalamba Samrakshathu

2025-12-21T17:14:36Z

MYRA: minor expanded structure for consistency and added references

{{Short description|Carnatic music}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{unreferenced|date=April 2019}}
{{notability |date=September 2025}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

{{Carnatic}}
The '''[[Kamalamba Navavarna Kritis]]''' by Shri [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (1776–1836) are some of the most famous pieces of music in the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic system of Indian classical music]]. They are treasures which embody not only the technical brilliance of the composer but also offer a peep into the [[Advaita Vedanta|advaitic school of Hindu philosophy]] and elements of [[Tantric rituals]]. They are very elaborate compositions which may be well compared with major symphonies in the Western system.

==Goddess Kamalamba==

Kamalamba Navavarna Krithis is a group of compositions on Goddess Kamalamba enshrined in the Thyagarajeshwarar Temple, at Thiruvarur. She is enshrined in a separate shrine inside the temple. She holds an esteemed position as She is seen seated in a different posture altogether. She is seen in deep meditation, placing Her legs one above the other, in a Yogic state.

[[Category:Carnatic compositions]]

Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Borivali

2025-12-04T06:27:25Z

MYRA:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = IC Church Borivali
| fullname = Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Borivali West
| image = ic_church_altar.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Altar of the Church
| coordinates = {{coord|19|14|40|N|72|51|11|E|display=title,inline}}
| location = [[Borivali]], [[Mumbai]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = [https://www.icchurchborivali.org icchurchborivali.org]
| former name = Nossa Senhora da Piedade
| bull date =
| founded date = {{start date and age|1547}}
| founder =
| dedication = [[Immaculate Conception]]
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status = [[Parish Church]]
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation =
| designated date =
| architect =
| architectural type =
| style =
| groundbreaking =
| completed date =
| construction cost =
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width nave =
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| other dimensions =
| floor count =
| floor area =
| spire quantity =
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| materials =
| parish =
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Archdiocese of Bombay]]
| diocese =
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop = [[Oswald Gracias]]
| bishop = [[Dominic Savio Fernandes]] [[John Rodrigues]] [[Barthol Barretto]]
| dean =
| subdean =
| provost =
| provost-rector =
| viceprovost =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| precentor =
| archdeacon =
| prebendary =
| rector =
| vicar =
| curate =
| priestincharge = Fr Gerald Fernandes
| priest = Fr Gerald Fernandes (PP), Fr Joseph David, Fr Victor Louis and Fr Sean Sequeira
| asstpriest =
| minister =
| assistant =
| honpriest =
| deacon = Noel D'Souza
| deaconness =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| abbot =
| chaplain =
| reader =
| organistdom =
| director =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| logo =
| logosize =
}}

'''Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church''', [[Borivali|Borivali (West)]] has been a [[Roman Catholic]] Parish from 1547 to 1739 and again from 1912 onwards.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Church |first=I. C. |title=Immaculate Conception Church (Borivali, Mumbai) |url=http://www.icchurchborivali.org/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Immaculate Conception Church (Borivali, Mumbai) |language=en}}</ref> It is situated in '''[[I.C. Colony]]''' or Immaculate Conception Colony, which is a large colony in the suburbs of [[Borivali]], in the North Western face of [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

Reportedly, Fr. Antonio Do Porto and his companion Fr. Antonio Do Casol built the church in 1544, and started worship services in 1547. The recent clergy included Fr Gerald Fernandes (PP), Fr Joseph David, Fr Victor Noronha and Fr Sean Sequeira.

==History==
The Church was built in Portuguese style of architecture in the fifteenth century and had rich carved wood panelling. Adjoining the present Church building are the Mandapeshwar caves which date back to circa 750-850 AD. The church was razed during the Maratha invasion, where Portuguese were defeated in 1739.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mauli |first=Buch |date=20 December 2009 |title=The church where it all began |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/the-church-where-it-all-began/story-QfBq86ZYJHiK6jHBpGex1H.html |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> It was in ruins for the next 150 years.

Originally with 400 parishioners, it improved by October 1548, with the baptisms by Fr Antonio do Porto and his companion Joao de Goa and a number of people founded the ‘devout hermitage’ at Mount Poinsur.<ref name=":1" /> In October 1549, the Church had the description Nossa Senhora da Piedade, i.e. Our Lady of Piety, considered as the original name of the Church.

Around 1630, the number increased to around 1,500 parishioners and worship started again in 1818 after it was in ruins for 70. Restoration was done in 1888 and it was rebuilt in Indian architectural style and got a vicar in 1912.<ref name=":1" /> People of Bandra, under the guidance of the Dean of Thane, Fr Joao Braz Fernandes helpted rebuilt the old parish Church. From 1739 to 1912, there was no resident Vicar of Mt Poinsur. Another renovation took place in 1960.

Adjoining the Church, they also built a Royal College and Monastery in 1549. The Mandapeshwar caves had been used by the Franciscans as a crypt of the Church and later served as a chapel for the parishioners.

The Mandapeshwar caves were taken over by the Government of India in 1969 and designated as Protected Archaeological Monuments under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

In the 1980s and 1990s, the parish started expanding.Over the last two decades till the current year, 2007, the parish has grown into one of Mumbai’s largest with a vibrant in liturgical and community activities.

On the feast day at Mount Poinsur, 8 December, people from all over Mumbai come in large numbers and it is now a centre for pilgrimage.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Books ===
* {{cite book|last=Hull (S.J.)|first=Fr. Ernest|title=Bombay Mission History: With A Special Study of the Padroado Question|publisher=Examiners' Press, [[Bombay]]|year=1929|volume=I|page=10}}
* {{cite book|last=Meersman (O.F.M)|first=Fr. Achilles|title=The Franciscans in Bombay|publisher=St. Anthony's Friary, [[Bangalore]]|year=1957}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ratus|first1=Frs. Leslie J.|last2=Rosario|first2=Errol|title=1982 Directory of the Archdiocese of Bombay|publisher=[[St. Pius X Seminary|Seminary of Pope St. Pius X]], Bombay|year=1982}}
* {{cite book|title=School Diary|publisher=St. Francis of Assisi School, Mount Poinsur|year=2003}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1547 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in the 1540s]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in the 1540s]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Borivali]]

Sunder Nursery

2025-11-25T05:59:03Z

MYRA: Added some entry needs work

{{Short description|Park in New Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox park
| type = Heritage Park, City Park
| coords_ref =
| area = {{convert|90|acre|km2}}
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| created = 16th century
| coordinates = {{coord|28.596874|77.245339|type:park_region:India|display=inline,title}},
| designer = *Mohammad Shaheer
*Aga Khan Trust for Culture
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| operator = *[[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]]
*[[Central Public Works Department]]
*[[Archaeological Survey of India]]
*[[South Delhi Municipal Corporation]]
| status = Open all days from sunrise to sunset
| website = www.sundernursery.org
| name = Sunder Nursery
| alt_name = Central Park of Delhi, Azim Bagh
| image = File:Sunder Nursery Sep-2019.jpg
| photo =
| photo_width =
| photo_caption = Sunderwala Burj and reflecting water canal
}}
'''Sunder Nursery''', formerly called '''Azim Bagh''' or '''Bagh-e-Azeem''', is a 16th-century heritage park complex adjacent to the [[Humayun's Tomb]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/a-walk-through-one-of-unescos-world-heritage-sites-delhis-sunder-nursery-286090|title=A walk through one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites: Delhi's Sunder Nursery|website=WION|language=en|access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> Originally known as Azim Bagh and built by the Mughals in the 16th century, it lies on the Mughal-era [[Grand Trunk Road]], and is spread over 90 acres (36 hectare).<ref name="Datta">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Sunder Nursery in Delhi: An oasis in the heart of the capital jungle |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/sunder-nursery-in-delhi-an-oasis-in-the-heart-of-a-concrete-jungle/cid/1911060 |access-date=29 January 2023 |agency=The Telegraph |issue=My Kolkata |date=20 January 2023}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.akdn.org/publication/humayuns-tomb-sunder-nursery-hazrat-nizamuddin-basti|title=Humayun's Tomb - Sunder Nursery - Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti {{!}} Aga Khan Development Network|website=www.akdn.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-sunder-nursery-near-humayun-s-tomb-opens-as-heritage-park/photo-cfPFjZ7mjxo6O6uWkFnCPO.html|title=Photos: Sunder Nursery near Humayun’s Tomb opens as heritage park|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref> Future plans aim to link nearby areas to develop it into India's largest park covering 900 acres.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/sunder-nursery-debuts-in-heritage-park-avatar/articleshow/63020940.cms|title=Sunder Nursery debuts in heritage park avatar - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/sunder-nursery-in-full-bloom/article22812630.ece|title=Sunder Nursery in full bloom|author=Staff Reporter|date=2018-02-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-04-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Today Sunder Nursery contains fifteen heritage monuments of which 6 are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) protected Sundarwala Burj, Sundarwala Mahal and Lakkarwala Burj.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/10-years-on-sunder-nursery-to-debut-as-a-heritage-park/rich-in-flaura-and-fauna/slideshow/63012169.cms|title=10 years on, Sunder Nursery to debut as a heritage park - From nursery to heritage park|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.governancenow.com/views/interview/we-will-be-involving-community-volunteers-to-effectively-police-the-park|title="We will be involving community volunteers to effectively police the park" -Governance Now|date=2018-04-19|work=Governance Now|access-date=2018-04-25|language=en}}</ref>

After renovations starting in 2007, the nursery reopened to public as a heritage park on 21 February 2018. Now it contains over 300 types of trees, making it Delhi's first [[arboretum]].<ref name=":2"/>

During the [[British Raj]], the nursery was established to grow experimental plants; it also has a lake which gave it its current designation as a [[Nursery habitat|nursery]]. The Sunder Burj [[tomb]] lends the space the Sunder in Sunder Nursery.<ref>{{cite news |title= Aga Khan revives lost 16th century Mughal garden in heart of Delhi |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10278947/Aga-Khan-revives-lost-16th-century-Mughal-garden-in-heart-of-Delhi.html |date=1 Sep 2013 |access-date= 2014-01-16 |newspaper= [[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Sunder Nursery blooms into a park |newspaper= Deccan Herald | url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/302258/sunder-nursery-blooms-park.html |date=2 January 2013 |access-date= 2014-01-16 }}</ref> Although the name Sunder Nursery is still used locally, the park has been termed "Delhi's Central Park" after renovations (not to be confused with the Central Park in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Jc1Xsm2NU2MWE8cuprwfcM/Delhis-own-central-park-opens-today.html|title=Delhi’s own ‘central park’ opens today|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|date=2018-02-22|work=Livemint|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref>

==Restoration==
[[File:Sunderwala Mahal, Sunder Nursery, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Sunderwala Mahal after renovation in 2018]]
[[File:Lakharwal Gumbab in the Sunder Nursery Lawns.jpg|thumb|Lakharwala Gumbad]]
[[File:Arched Platform, Sunder Nursery.jpg|thumb|An arched Mughal platform]]
[[File:Sunder Nursery Mughal Garden Pavillion.jpg|thumb|Mughal garden pavilion]]
[[File:Inside Sunder Burj Sunder Nursery Dome.jpg|thumb|upright|The dome inside Sunder Burj]]

=== Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Project ===
Sunder Nursey is part of the larger Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Project master plan of the [[Aga Khan Development Network|Aga Khan Trust]], which involves restoration work on 30 nearby heritage structures.<ref name="tele" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sunder-nursery-city-s-new-oasis/632296/0|title=Sunder Nursery, city’s new oasis|date=Jun 11, 2010|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=2014-01-16}}</ref> Once complete, the park and resorted monuments will cover 900 acres (3.64 km sq).<ref name=":0" /> Since 2007 conservation of over 50 monuments have taken place of which 12 were designated [[World Heritage Site]]s by [[UNESCO]] in 2016.<ref name=":2" />

Future plans aim to run the area as a [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnership]] (PPP) between the various government authorities in India and the Aga Khan Trust.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/869920/sunder-nursery-gives-delhi-a-beautifully-restored-green-space-and-a-template-for-heritage|title=Sunder Nursery gives Delhi a beautifully restored green space – and a template for heritage|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-04-25|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Organisations and Agencies Involved ===
The garden complex is undergoing an extensive restoration project, undertaken by [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]] India, jointly with [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) and [[Central Public Works Department]] (CPWD) which currently runs the garden.

The following agencies are involved in this extensive restoration project:<ref name=":0" />

* [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]], Government of India
* [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
* [[Central Public Works Department]]
* [[South Delhi Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation|US Ambassador's Fund for Cultural Preservation]]
* [[Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation]]

=== Restoration of Nursery ===
Plans for the project were drawn up in 2007, and work on the third phase was initiated in 2010 and completed in 2018, with 90 acres of the park being opened to the public on 21 February 2018. The [[Vice President of India|vice-president of India]], [[Venkaiah Naidu|M Venkaiah Naidu]], was present during the inauguration along with various other dignitaries including the [[Aga Khan IV|Aga Khan]] founder and chairman of the [[Aga Khan Development Network]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Lying abandoned for decades, much of the area was overgrown, and during the initial work some 1,000 trucks of rubble was removed before the ground was levelled. Subsequently, classical [[Persian garden]]s were recreated, with fountains and water channels characteristic to this style of garden. Two main architectural features were restored; the Lakkarwala Burj tomb is now set in a new rose garden, whilst the 16th-century Sunderwala Burj tomb was restored as per the orange sandstone and white lime mortar used in its original design. Its red sandstone interior walls saw entire sections of white [[Quran]]ic verses being recreated.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ratish Nanda plans on creating huge new park in Delhi |publisher=CNN-IBN| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ratish-nanda-plans-on-creating-huge-new-park-in-delhi/417281-3-244.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130826073027/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ratish-nanda-plans-on-creating-huge-new-park-in-delhi/417281-3-244.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = August 26, 2013 |date=August 26, 2013|access-date = 2014-01-16 }}</ref> The garden replicates the four micro-habitat zones which were part of Delhi's original landscape namely ''Kohi'' (ridge), ''[[Khadir and Bangar|Bangar]]'' ([[alluvial]]), ''[[Khadir and Bangar|Khadar]]'' ([[riverine]]) and ''Dabar'' ([[marsh]]).<ref name="tele">{{cite news| title = 16th-century lotus pond found in Sunder Nursery| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-02/delhi/42614941_1_lotus-pond-sunderwala-burj-restoration-project| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116193359/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-02/delhi/42614941_1_lotus-pond-sunderwala-burj-restoration-project| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2014-01-16| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]| access-date = 2014-01-16 }}</ref>

==Important Features==

=== Monuments ===
UNESCO World Heritage status has been given to the following six structures within Sunder Nursery: Sunder Burj, Sundarwala Mahal, Lakkarwala Burj, Mirza Muazzafar Hussain's Tomb, Chotta Bateshewala and the Unknown Mughal's Tomb.<ref name="Datta"/><ref name=":3" />

=== Wildlife ===

==== Flora ====
[[File:Canna Section Sunder Nursery.jpg|thumb|[[Canna (plant)|Canna Plant]] Section, Sunder Nursery]]
[[File:Protected Bonsai Houses Sunder Nursery.jpg|thumb|''[[Bonsai]]'' houses]]
The area contains over 280 native tree species. Using GIS 4200 trees have been mapped. Apart from this there are around 80 types of bird species and 36 types of butterflies. The Bonsai House is home to some [[bonsai]] over 80 years old.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>

===== Trees =====
Sunder Nursery is Delhi's first [[arboretum]]. It is home to some rare trees such as a Pink Cedar ([[Acrocarpus fraxinifolius]]), the only one in Delhi. Various other trees in the nursery are also only found here and nowhere else in Delhi such as Chukka (Croton roxburghii) and Carrotwood ([[Cupaniopsis anacardioides]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/inventory-of-sundar-nursery-trees/234304|title=Inventory of Sundar Nursery Trees|work=Outlook India|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>

A partial listing of trees and plants found:

{{Div col|colwidth=30em|content=*Amrood, [[Psidium guajava]]
*Peelu, [[Salvadora persica]]
*Sonjna, [[Moringa oleifera]]
*Marodphali, [[Fernandoa adenophylla]]
*Chalta, [[Dillenia indica]]
*Badminton Ball Tree, [[Parkia biglobosa]]
*Kaim, [[Mitragyna parvifolia]]
*Tun, [[Toona ciliata]]
*Siala, [[Markhamia lutea]]
*Pinj, [[Firmiana colorata]]
*Adusa, [[Adhatoda vasica]]
*Goolar, [[Ficus racemosa]]
*Brazilian ironwood, [[Caesalpinia ferrea]]
*Whistling pine, [[Casuarina equisetifolia]]
*Colville's glory, [[Colvillea racemosa]]
*Shisham, [[Dalbergia sissoo]]}}
[[File:Mughal Lotus Pond Sunder Nursery.jpg|thumb|Mughal [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]] Pond, Sunder Nursery]]

===== Roses =====
The rose gardens host various types of roses. A partial list of rose varieties:

[[Hybrid tea rose|'''HT Roses''']]{{Div col|colwidth=30em|content=*Michael LIS
*Tata Pink
*[[Rosa Iceberg|Iceberg]]
*Black Pearl
*[[Rosa 'Oklahoma'|Oklahoma]]
*Bajazoo
*Charleston
*Pristine
*Gold Media
*Broadway
*BP Pal
*Christian Dior
*Folklore}}'''Miniature Roses'''
* Don Don
* Merlin

==== Fauna ====

===== Birds =====
80 different species of birds have been located in the area through bird mapping. In 2014, the rare [[Ultramarine flycatcher|Ultramarine Flycatcher]] was spotted in the park area, a bird not seen in New Delhi for many years. 36 types of butterfly have also been spotted in the park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annualreport2015.nizamuddinrenewal.org/annualreports-details/2015/79/bird-habitat-area.php|title=AKDN: AKDN|website=annualreport2015.nizamuddinrenewal.org|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref> A partial listing of birds include:<ref>{{Citation|title=Birds at Sunder Nursery|date=2018-04-26|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Birds_at_Sunder_Nursery.jpg|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>

{{Div col|colwidth=30em|content=*[[Asian pied starling|Asian Pied Starling]]
*[[Eurasian golden oriole|Eurasian Golden Oriole]]
*[[Coppersmith barbet|Coppersmith Barbet]]
*[[Eurasian collared dove|Eurasian Collared Dove]]
*[[Laughing dove|Laughing Dove]]
*[[Red-wattled lapwing|Red-wattled Lapwing]]
*[[Indian roller|Indian Roller]]
*[[Asian green bee-eater|Asian Green Bee-eater]]
*[[Long-tailed shrike]]
*[[Black drongo|Black Drongo]]
*[[Indian stone-curlew|Indian Stone-curlew]]
*[[Eastern cattle egret|Eastern Cattle Egret]]
*[[Scaly-breasted munia|Scaly-breasted Munia]]
*[[Red avadavat|Red Avadavat]]
*[[Indian pond heron|Indian Pond Heron]]
*[[Grey-headed canary-flycatcher|Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher]]
*[[Indian silverbill|Indian Silverbill]]
*[[Black-rumped flameback|Black-rumped Flameback]]
*[[Yellow-footed green pigeon|Yellow-footed Green Pigeon]]
*[[Rufous treepie|Rufous Treepie]]
*[[Shikra]]
*[[Spotted owlet|Spotted Owlet]]
*[[Common tailorbird|Common Tailorbird]]
*[[Plum-headed parakeet|Plum-headed Parakeet]]
*[[Ashy prinia|Ashy Prinia]]
*[[Oriental Magpie]]
*[[Red-breasted flycatcher|Red-breasted Flycatcher]]
*[[Black redstart|Black Redstart]]}}

===== Butterflies =====
A partial listing of butterfly varieties found:<ref>{{Citation|title=Butterflies at Sunder Nursery, New Delhi|date=2018-04-26|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Butterlies_at_Sunder_Nursery.jpg|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=30em|content=*Yellow Pansy
*White Arab
*Tiny Grass Blue
*Indian Palm Bob
*Plain Tiger
*Pioneer
*Common Emigrant
*Blue Pansy
*Banded Awl
*Peacock Pansy
*[[Lemon pansy|Lemon Pansy]]
*Grass Yellow
*Common mime
*Common Gull
*Common Mormon}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Sunderwala Burj in the Sunder Nursery Gardens.JPG| Sunderwala Burj
File:Unknown Graves Sunder Nursery.jpg| Unknown Mughal graves
File:Artificial Lake Structure Sunder Nursery.jpg| Artificial Lake
File:Ampitheatre Sunder Nursery.jpg| Amphitheatre, with Sunder Burj visible in the background
File:Sunder Burj, Delhi.jpg| Sunder Burj, front view
File:Sunder Nursery Wide angle.jpg| Panoramic view in the daylight
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Lodi Gardens]]
* [[List of parks in Delhi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sunder Nursery}}
* {{cite web
| title = Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Project (Aga Khan Trust)| url = http://nizamuddinrenewal.org/humayuntomb/start.html#}}
* {{cite web | title = Delhi Gets Its Own Version Of Central Park And It Is Going To Be Bigger Than The One In Manhattan! | url = https://lbb.in/delhi/delhi-gets-its-own-central-2a3282 }}
* {{cite web | title = Sunder Nursery Rehabilitation | url = http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=15409
|publisher=ArchNet }}

{{Delhi landmarks}}
{{Delhi}}

[[Category:Gardens in India]]
[[Category:Aga Khan Trust for Culture projects]]
[[Category:16th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Parks in Delhi| ]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Delhi]]

University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga

2025-10-21T15:11:13Z

MYRA: correct page additionally and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|University in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Coord|13.28|N|75.34|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences
| motto = Negila Meleye Nintide Dharma (ನೇಗಿಲ ಮೇಲೆಯೇ ನಿಂತಿದೆ ಧರ್ಮ)
| image_size = 150px
| caption =
| established = 2012
| chancellor = [[Governor of Karnataka]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. R. C. Jagadeesh <ref>{{cite web|title=Vice Chancellor|url=http://uahs.in/vc/|website=uahs.in|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
| city = Iruvakki, [[Sagara, Shimoga District|Sagara]], [[Shivamogga]], [[Karnataka]], India
| country = India
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| campus = Rural
| website = {{URL|http://uahs.edu.in/}}
| image = University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga logo.png
}}

The '''Keladi Shivappa Nayaka''' '''University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga''' '''(KSNUAHS)''' is a university in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It is the state's first integrated university to have both agricultural and horticultural sciences under its purview.

== History ==
UAHS was established under Karnataka Act no. 38 of 2012, vide notification no. Sam. Vya. Sha. ilakhe, 19 Shasana 2012, dated 21-09-2012 published in the Special Gazette of Karnataka, part IV – A, No. 656, on 21-09-2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uahs.in/about-us-3/ |title=University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga | Genesis |website=Uahs.in |date=2017-02-01 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> The university was created by separating seven districts from the jurisdictional area of [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]] and including all the institutes that came under the [[University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot]]. The jurisdictional area of UAHS, Shimoga covers the districts of [[Shimoga district]], [[Chikkamagaluru district]], [[Udupi district]], [[Dakshina Kannada district]], [[Kodagu district]], [[Davanagere district]] and [[Chitradurga district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/418717/shrinking-universities.html |title=Shrinking universities|date=2014-07-10 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref>

UAHS came into independent existence on 1 April 2013 with P.M. Salimath serving as Special Officer. Later in 2014 C. Vasudevappa, formerly the dean of post graduation studies at [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]], was appointed as first Vice-Chancellor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/vasudevappa-takes-charge-as-vc-of-university-of-agricultural-and-horticultural-sciences/article5747168.ece |title=Vasudevappa takes charge as VC of University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2014-03-04 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> P. Narayanaswamy replaced Vasudevappa in July 2017<ref name="epaperkannadaprabha"/> and Manjunatha K. Naik replaced him in April 2018.<ref name="epaperkannadaprabha">{{Cite web |url=http://epaperkannadaprabha.com/archive/home.php?edition=Shivamogga&date=2017-07-02&pageno=4&pid=KANNADA_SHI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802144840/http://epaperkannadaprabha.com/archive/home.php?edition=Shivamogga&date=2017-07-02&pageno=4&pid=KANNADA_SHI |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Campus ==

The headquarters of UAHS, Shimoga, is connected to the state capital, [[Bangalore]] by road ([[National Highway 206 (India, old numbering)|NH 206]]) and [[National Highway 13 (India, old numbering)|NH 13]] also passes through the city. It is also connected to Bangalore by a five-hour train ride, Nearest Railway Station to reach Iruvakki main campus is "Anandapuram (ANF)" in Bangalore-Talguppa & Mysore-Talguppa Train Routes. The nearest airport is Shivamogga Airport (RQY) is 60 km from University Main Campus Iruvakki. Bangalore (Bengaluru International Airport or BLR), which is 270 km away and Mangaluru International Airport 189 km. Hubli domestic airport 201 km distance. There are regular Janshatabdi & Intercity SF Express trains available from Bangalore, Mysore, Hassan, Tumkur, Chennai, Tirupathi. Those coming from Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Secunderabad, Vizag, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore can reach up to Birur Jn (RRB) from birur shimoga is just 60 km away. Regular city buses available every 15 minute once in this route from Gopala, SN Market, HPC, Jayanagar, Usha nursing home city bus stops.

Vision & Mission
Vision:

To strengthen and excel in Agricultural Education, Research and Extension for sustainable Agricultural Development
To develop technocrats, technologies, disseminators by providing a strong knowledge base
To inspire socio-cultural value-based thinking for harnessing our natural resources with a sound technical foundation.

Mission:

To build the University as a premier institution by providing the best professional education and consultancy, R & D solutions, addressing key issues, confronting the sector growth and achieves excellence with quality outputs in frontier areas of Agricultural, Horticultural, Forestry and allied Sciences, contract services in public and private domains at National and International level.

Mandate
Imparting education towards the development of quality human resource in different branches of Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and allied sciences.
Furthering advancement of learning and conducting research in Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and other allied Sciences.
Undertaking the Extension Education of Sciences and Technologies especially for the farming and rural people of the State.
Promoting partnership and linkages with National and International Educational Research institutions and industries.

==Affiliated colleges==

It has the following colleges:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uahs.in/colleges/ |title=University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga | Colleges |website=Uahs.in |date=2016-08-26 |access-date=2016-11-29}}</ref>
* College of Agriculture, Navile, Shimoga
* [[College of horticulture mudigere|Horticultural College, Mudigere]]
* [[Horticulture College, Hiriyur]]
* College of Agricultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Sagara
* Agricultural Diploma Institute, Brahmavar
* Agricultural Diploma Institute, Kathalagere

Krishi Vigyana Kendra Working Under KSNUAHS:
1. KVK, Shivamogga, Navile, Shivamogga
2. KVK, Udupi, Brahmavara
3. KVK Chikkamagaluru, Mudigere
4. KVK Chitradurga, Hiriyur

Research Stations Working Under KSNUAHS:
1. ZAHRS, Navile, Shivamogga
2. ZAHRS, Mudigere
3. ZAHRS, Hiriyur
4. ZAHRS, Brahmavara
5 MAHRS, Iruvakki

Special Research Stations Working at KSNUAHS:
1. Organic Farming Research Centre (OFRC), Navile, Shivamogga
2. Areca Research Centre, Navile, Shivamogga
3. Cashew Technology Centre, Shivamogga
4. Centre for Climate & Meteorology, COA, Navile, Shivamogga

==Academic programmes ==
University presently offers degree programs in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry disciplines. Ph.D. programs in five disciplines,
Master's degree in 14 disciplines consisting of six in Agriculture, College of Agriculture Shivamogga, six in Horticulture, [[College of horticulture mudigere|Horticultural College, Mudigere]] and two in Forestry, Forestry College, Ponnampet. At present, a two-year Diploma in Agriculture course is being offered at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere, and Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Brahmavar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/uahs-invites-applications-for-twoyear-diploma-course/article7233953.ece |title=UAHS invites applications for two-year diploma course|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2015-05-22 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref>

==Student life==
===Student forums===
College of Agriculture, Shivamogga students have a students forum 'SOGADU'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sogadu.areeds.org.in |title=Sogadu |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> This will organize unique programs like KANNADA HUNNIME-a monthly program, Say Thanks to Farmers, State level Poetry competition, National Level Short Film contest, etc.

=== Krishi Mela ===
UAHS has been conducting Krishi Mela, an agricultural fair, annually from 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/threeday-krishi-mela-in-shimoga-from-october-25/article5259999.ece |title=Three-day Krishi Mela in Shimoga from October 25|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2013-10-22 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> The event takes place for 3–5 days where there will be exhibition of agricultural technologies from various parts of the country, private sectors will also participate. Agricultural scientists will be available for farmers to solve their farming issues as well. This mega event involves an iconic display of the technologies developed by the university.

== See also ==
* [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad]]
* [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]]
* [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur]]
* [[University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://uahs.edu.in/}}

[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Universities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Education in Shimoga]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Shimoga district]]

Trilochan Shastri

2025-10-19T04:20:31Z

MYRA: Added basic article added tags...

{{Short description|Indian poet, writer, and scholar}}{{Infobox writer
| notable_works = Tap Ke Taaye Hue Din
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1982) Shalaka Samman (1989–90)
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|08|20}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|12|09|1917|08|20}}
| birth_name = Vasudev Singh
| birth_place = [[Sultanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{Cslist|Poet|writer|scholar}}
| subject = [[Hindi literature]]
| death_place = [[Ghaziabad]], India
}}

'''Trilochan Shastri''' (20 August 1917 – 9 December 2007) was an Indian poet, writer, and scholar who made contributions to [[Hindi literature]]. Known for his evocative poetry and insightful prose, Shastri was a prominent figure in the progressive literary movement in India. His works often reflected social realities, human emotions, and the complexities of rural and urban life. He received several awards, including the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] and the Shalaka Samman, for his contributions to Hindi literature.

== Early life and education ==
Trilochan Shastri, born Vasudev Singh, was born on 20 August 1917 in Chirani Patti village, [[Sultanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh, India]]. Growing up in a rural setting, he was deeply influenced by the simplicity and struggles of village life, which later became a recurring theme in his literary works.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=Renowned Hindi poet Trilochan Shastri dead |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/renowned-hindi-poet-trilochan-shastri-dead/story-Ciy4YOKrHg3mjSkbuReE8M.html |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=त्रिलोचन |url=http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/trilochan/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219034226/http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/trilochan/index.htm |archive-date=2007-12-19 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.anubhuti-hindi.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2025 |title=कवि त्रिलोचन शास्त्री को उनकी जयंती पर श्रद्धांजलि दी गई। त्रिलोचन ने हिंदी कविता में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया और शोषित समाज की आवाज बने। उनका असली नाम वासुदेव सिंह था और उन्होंने 550 सॉनेट लिखे। |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/chapra/story-tribute-to-poet-trilochan-shastri-voice-of-the-marginalized-201755709183515.html |work=Live Hindustan}}</ref>

He pursued his education in [[Sanskrit]], Hindi, and [[Indian philosophy]], which shaped his intellectual and poetic sensibilities.<ref name=":1" />

== Literary career ==
Shastri emerged as a leading voice in the progressive literary movement in Hindi literature during the mid-20th century.<ref name=":1" />

His poetry is characterised by its lyrical quality, emotional depth, and social consciousness. He was associated with the ''Pragativadi'' (Progressive) and ''Prayogvadi'' (Experimental) schools of [[Hindi poetry]], blending traditional forms with modern themes.<ref name=":1" />

Shastri’s notable works include his poetry collections such as ''Dharti Ke Geet'', ''Gulab Aur Kaante'', and ''Tap Ke Taaye Hue Din''. His collection ''Tap Ke Taaye Hue Din'' (1982) earned him the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1982. His poems often explored themes of social inequality, human resilience, and the beauty of everyday life.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

In addition to poetry, Shastri wrote essays, short stories, and critical works, contributing to the broader landscape of Hindi literature.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रगतिशील धारा के प्रमुख कवि त्रिलोचन शास्त्री की चुनिंदा कविताएं... |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/sahitya/trilochan-shastri-best-poetry-collection |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
• [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1982) for ''Tap Ke Taaye Hue Din''.<ref name=":0" />

• [[Shalaka Samman]] (1989–90) by the [[Hindi Academy]], recognising his contributions to Hindi literature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2018-12-02 |title=शलाका सम्मान सूची {{!}} Shalaka Awards List |url=https://hindisarang.com/shalaka-awards-list/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=HINDI SARANG |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

• Honorific titles such as '''Shastri''' and '''Sahitya Ratna''', conferred in acknowledgment of his literary and scholarly achievements.

== Death and legacy ==
Shastri lived a life dedicated to literature and social engagement. His works continue to inspire poets, writers, and readers for their simplicity, emotional depth, and social relevance.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=BBCHindi |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment/story/2005/05/050504_trilochan_poet |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref>

Shastri spent his final days in [[Haridwar, Uttarakhand]], and died on December 9, 2007, after a long battle with [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], and a [[tumor]]. He died at his residence in [[Vaishali (Ghaziabad)|Vaishali, Ghaziabad]], leaving behind a rich legacy in Hindi literature.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashtriya Sahara |url=http://www.rashtriyasahara.com/NewsDetailFrame.aspx?newsid=45060 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211114443/http://www.rashtriyasahara.com/NewsDetailFrame.aspx?newsid=45060 |archive-date=2007-12-11 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.rashtriyasahara.com}}</ref>

He is considered as an important figure of Hindi [[Sonnet]]. His poetry remains an integral part of Hindi literary studies, and his contributions are celebrated for bridging traditional and modern sensibilities.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Poet Trilochan Shastri {{!}} Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |url=https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2008/01/tribute-poet-trilochan-shastri |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.cpiml.net |language=en}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
• ''Dharti Ke Geet''

• ''Gulab Aur Kaante''

• ''Tap Ke Taaye Hue Din'' (1982)

• Various essays and short stories

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shastri, Trilochan}}
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Sultanpur district]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]

Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission

2025-10-13T15:08:06Z

MYRA: fix citations based on references and corrected details per sources

{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}

The '''Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission''' ('''FSLRC''') is a body set up by the [[Government of India]], Ministry of Finance, on 24 March 2011, to review and rewrite the legal-institutional architecture of the Indian financial sector. This Commission is chaired by a former Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]], Justice [[B. N. Srikrishna]] and has an eclectic mix of expert members drawn from the fields of finance, economics, public administration, law etc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fslrc.org.in/fslrc_notification.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724020120/http://fslrc.org.in/fslrc_notification.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Based on substantive research, extensive deliberations in the Commission and in its Working Groups, interaction with policy makers, regulators, experts and stakeholders; the Commission has evolved a tentative framework on the legal–institutional structure required for the Indian financial sector in the medium to the long run. The broad contour of that framework is outlined in the paper<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/fslrc_approach_paper.pdf/]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref> released by the Commission on 4 October 2012.

Based on further feedback on the proposals from stakeholders and deliberations thereon, the FSLRC proposes to complete its Report by March 2013.

==Context==
The Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC) was constituted by the Government of India, Ministry of Finance, vide a resolution dated 24 March 2011. The setting up of the FSLRC was the result of a felt need that the legal and institutional structures of the financial sector in India need to be reviewed and recast in tune with the contemporary requirements of the sector.

The institutional framework governing the financial sector has been built up over a century. There are over 60 Acts and multiple rules and regulations that govern the financial sector. Many of the financial sector laws date back several decades, when the financial landscape was very different from that seen today. For example, the RBI Act and the Insurance Act are of 1934 and 1938 vintage respectively. The Securities Contract Regulation Act was enacted in 1956, when derivatives and statutory regulators were unknown. The superstructure of the financial sector governance regime has been modified in a piecemeal fashion from time to time, without substantial changes to the underlying foundations. These piecemeal changes have induced complex and cumbersome legislation, and raised difficulties in harmonising contradictory provisions. Such harmonisation is imperative for effectively regulating a dynamic market in the era of financial globalisation.

The piecemeal amendments have generated unintended outcomes including regulatory gaps, overlaps, inconsistencies and regulatory arbitrage. The fragmented regulatory architecture has led to a loss of scale and scope that could be available from a seamless financial market with all its attendant benefits of minimising the intermediation cost. For instance, complex financial intermediation by financial conglomerates of today falls under the purview of multiple regulators with gaps and overlaps. A number of expert committees have pointed out these discrepancies, and recommended the need for revisiting the financial sector legislations to rectify them. The need for complete review of the existing financial sector laws has been underlined to make the Indian financial sector more vibrant and dynamic in an increasingly interconnected world.

The remit of FSLRC, as contained in its Terms of Reference (ToR), comprises the following:
# Review, simplify and rewrite the legislations affecting the financial markets in India, focusing on broad principles.
# Evolve a common set of principles for governance of financial sector regulatory institutions.
# Remove inconsistencies and uncertainties in legislations/Rules and Regulations.
# Make legislations consistent with each other.
# Make legislations dynamic to automatically bring them in tune with the changing financial landscape.
# Streamline the regulatory architecture of financial markets.

The FSLRC has been deliberating on these issues since April 2011 both internally and through consultation/interaction with a wide spectrum of experts and stakeholders. This Approach Paper is the outcome of these deliberations and substantive research work. It shows the contours of the legal-institutional framework that the FSLRC may recommend. It is a provisional document, and the thinking of FSLRC will evolve in coming months, utilising various inputs including the analysis of this document in the public domain.<ref name="auto2">[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/fslrc_approach_paper.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

==Terms of Reference and objectives==

The Terms of Reference of the Commission include the following:

# Examining the architecture of the legislative and regulatory system governing the Financial sector in India
# Examine if legislation should mandate statement of principles of legislative intent behind every piece of subordinate legislation in order to make the purposive intent of the legislation clear and transparent to users of the law and to the Courts.
# Examine if public feedback for draft subordinate legislation should be made mandatory, with exception for emergency measures.
# Examine prescription of parameters for invocation of emergency powers where regulatory action may be taken on [[ex parte]] basis.
# Examine the interplay of exchange controls under FEMA and FDI Policy with other regulatory regimes within the financial sector.
# Examine the most appropriate means of oversight over regulators and their autonomy from government.
# Examine the need for re-statement of the law and immediate repeal of any out-dated legislation on the basis of judicial decisions and policy shifts in the last two decades of the financial sector post-liberalisation.
# Examination of issues of data privacy and protection of consumer of financial services in the Indian market.
# Examination of legislation relating to the role of information technology in the delivery of financial services in India, and their effectiveness.
# Examination of all recommendations already made by various expert committees set up by the government and by regulators and to implement measures that can be easily accepted.
# Examine the role of state governments and legislatures in ensuring a smooth interstate financial services infrastructure in India.
# Examination of any other related issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://finmin.nic.in/fslrc/fslrc_index.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116222827/http://finmin.nic.in/fslrc/fslrc_index.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Members==

===Commission===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position !! Profile
|-
| Justice (Retd.) B. N. Srikrishna || Chairman || Justice Srikrishna is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India (2002–2006), Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court and judge of the Bombay High Court. Post-retirement, among other positions, he has been chairman, [[Sixth Central Pay Commission|Sixth Pay Commission]] of the Government of India and chairman, Committee for Separate Telangana before taking over as chairman, FSLRC. Justice Srikrishna holds an LL.B. and LL.M., a master's degree in Sanskrit and is proficient in 11 languages.
|-
| Dr. P.J. Nayak || Member || Dr. Nayak is currently the managing director and country head of Morgan Stanley India. From 2000 to 2009 he was the chairman and managing director of Axis Bank, a domestic commercial bank. Earlier, between 1971 and 1996, he worked as a civil servant, and was an officer of the Indian Administrative Service. Between 1990 and 1995 he worked in the Department of Economic Affairs in the Ministry of Finance. Dr. Nayak has an MA and PhD in economics from Cambridge University.
|-
| Justice (Retd.) Dr. [[Debi Prasad Pal]] || Member || Dr. Pal is a senior advocate, practicing in the Supreme Court of India and in different High Courts in India. He is a former Minister of State for Finance and a former judge of the Calcutta High Court. Dr. Pal is a three-time former Member of Parliament, chairman of standing committees of Parliament and a member of [[The Tenth Finance Commission]] of India. He holds a D.Litt. in political economy and a Doctor of Law.
|-
| Smt. K.J. Udeshi || Member || Smt. Udeshi joined the Reserve Bank of India in 1965 and was appointed as the first woman deputy governor in 2003. She retired from the RBI in October 2005 and has been chairperson of the Banking Codes and Standards Board of India till recently. Smt. Udeshi is a post-graduate in economics.
|-
| Shri Yezdi H.Malegam || Member || Shri Malegam is a chartered accountant of international repute. He has been president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, chairman of the National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards, and is a board member of the Reserve Bank of India for the last 17 years.
|-
| Prof. Jayant R Varma || Member || Prof. Varma is currently professor of finance and accounting in the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He has a doctorate in management, apart from being a qualified cost accountant. Prof. Varma was a full-time member of the Securities and Exchange Board of India and has been part of several committees set up by SEBI, Forward Markets Commission, Ministry of Finance and Corporate Affairs.
|-
| Prof. M. Govinda Rao || Member || Currently director of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, Dr. Rao is an eminent public finance expert. He is also a member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India. In the past he held the positions of Director, Institute for Social and Economic Change, fellow in the Australian National University, economic advisor to Finance Commission etc.
|-
| Late Shri C. Achuthan || Member (till 19 September 2011) || Late Shri Achuthan was an eminent legal expert and was the first presiding officer of the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT). He was in the board of SEBI, legal adviser in the Ministry of Law and has been chairman / member of number of committees in the financial / corporate sectors.
|-
| Shri Dhirendra Swarup || Member Convenor || Shri Swarup, a former civil servant, was secretary (expenditure) and chief budget officer of the Government of India. Thereafter, he was the first chairman of the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA). He was also a nominee director in the Securities and Exchange Board of India [[SEBI]].
|-
| Shri C K G Nair || Secretary, FSLRC || Shri Nair is an officer of the Indian Economic Service with 26 years of experience in the areas of industry, transport and finance. Working in the ministries of Consumer Affairs and Finance, he played a significant role in the policy and institutional restructuring of commodity futures market, capital markets and consumer protection in the last 10 years.
|}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fslrc.org.in/profile.html |title=Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419000914/http://www.fslrc.org.in/profile.html |archive-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Working groups===

Due to the scope and depth of research required for the completion of this project, certain sectors were singled out and dedicated working groups (WGs) were created for in-depth analysis. These WGs consisted of sector experts who created their own report with relevant recommendations which were submitted to the Commission.

====WG on Banking====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Smt K J Udeshi || Chairperson
|-
| Shri YH Malegam || Member
|-
| Shri Janmejeya Sinha || Member
|-
|Shri Aditya Puri || Member
|-
|Ms Naina Lal Kidwai || Member
|-
| [[Rajiv Lall|Shri Rajiv Lall]] || Member
|-
| Shri Harsh Vardhan || Member
|-
| Shri M G Bhide || Member
|}<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_banking.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

====WG on Insurance, Pensions and Small Savings====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Shri Dhirendra Swarup || Chairman
|-
| Shri CS Rao || Senior Advisor (Former Chairman IRDA)
|-
| Shri Tarun Bajaj || Member
|-
| Ms Anuradha Prasad || Member
|-
| Shri VS Chauhan || Member
|}<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_insurance.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

====WG on Payments====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Member !! Position !! Profile
|-
| Dr. PJ Nayak || Chairman || Managing director and country head of Morgan Stanley India
|-
| Shri Ranjit Tinaikar || Member || Partner, Mckinsey
|-
| Shri Uttam Nayak || Member || Country manager, VISA
|-
| Shri Bharat Poddar || Member || Group head, BCG
|-
| Shri AP Singh || Member || JS UIADI
|-
| Shri Abhishek Sinha || Member || CEO, EKO
|}<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_payments.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

====WG on Public Debt Management====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Dr Govinda Rao || Chairman
|-
| Shri Dhirendra Swarup || Member
|-
| Shri Kanagasabapathy Kuppuswamy || Member
|}<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_dmo.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

====WG on Securities====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name !! Position
|-
| Prof Jayanth Verma || Chairman
|-
| Shri Ravi Narain || Member
|-
| Shri Madhu Kannan || Member
|-
| Shri Neeraj Gambhir || Member
|-
| Shri Jayesh Mehta || Member
|-
| Shri SA Narayan || Member
|-
|Prof KG Sahadevan || Member
|}<ref>[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_securities.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

===Research Team===

The Commission is supported by expert consultants in the fields of economics, finance, law and related areas. They include Prof. Ajay Shah, Prof. [[Ila Patnaik]], Prof. Sundar Korivi and their team members from [[National Institute of Public Finance and Policy]] and [[National Institute of Securities Markets]] respectively; Shri Somasekhar Sundaresan, Shri Bobby Parikh, and Shri Rajshekhar Rao.

==Proposals==
The mandate of FSLRC not only includes recommendations for a complete redesign of the Financial sector of India, but also the legislation itself. The Commission strongly believes in the approach of writing 'principle based' legislation that would articulate broad principles which do not vary with financial or technological innovation. Regulators will write subordinated legislation which could either utilise detailed prescriptive rules or be principles-based, depending on the
situation and the judgment of the regulator. This combination of legislation and subordinated legislation should yield a body of law that evolves smoothly over time.

This approach also substantively improves the compliance culture. Under rules-based regulation, there is the risk that financial firms set up complex harmful structures that comply with the letter of the rules. The Commission would want laws to hold financial firms to a higher standard: that of complying with the principles.<ref name="auto2"/>

The approach paper emphasizes the following:
* A uniform legal process for the financial sector regulators emphasizing rule of law.
* A well-articulated principles-based approach to primary legislation emphasising a sound body of subordinate legislation based on these laws.
* Statutorily empowered, independent regulators with clear goals, powers and accountability.
* Removing twilight zones in the financial sector: every entity operating in the financial space needs to be on the radar of a financial regulator.
* Focusing on [[consumer protection]]- This is the ultimate objective of financial sector regulation as regulation per se is not an objective. Consumer protection has two components; prevention and cure. While financial regulators will address the former, the proposed financial redressal agency (FRA) spanning across the financial sector will deal with the latter addressing financial consumer grievances. A feed-back loop from the FRA to the regulators will help the latter in systemically addressing consumer grievances by appropriate regulations.
* A resolution mechanism to address failure of financial firms and to protect consumers, including management of the deposit insurance scheme.
* Ownership neutrality and competition.
* Moving away from the sectoral approach to regulation
* A framework for addressing systemic risk, financial sector development, coordination.<ref name="auto">[http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/fslrc_press_release_approach_paper.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>

===Proposed Architecture===

The model of the proposed regulatory architecture will comprise the following agencies:
# The central bank as the monetary authority, banking regulator and payment system regulator.
# A unified regulator for the rest of the financial sector.
# A deposit insurance-cum-resolution agency.
# A public debt management agency.
# A financial redressal agency.
# A financial sector appellate tribunal.
# A mechanism for coordination, systemic risk, financial development and other issues where the role of multiple agencies are involved (FSDC/similar to FSDC).<ref name="auto"/>

At a conceptual level, it is proposed that RBI will perform three functions: monetary policy, regulation and supervision of banking in enforcing the proposed consumer protection law and the proposed micro-prudential law, and regulation and supervision of payment systems in enforcing these two laws. In order to minimise conflicts of interest across these three fields, and to develop specialised skills, the Commission will recommend that the three functions be performed by distinct boards which oversee the three areas of work of monetary policy, payments regulation and supervision, and banking regulation and supervision.

The unified financial regulatory agency, which would deal with all financial firms other than banking and payments, would yield benefits in terms of economies of scope and scale in the financial system; it would reduce the identification of the regulatory agency with one sector; it would help address the difficulties of finding the appropriate talent in government agencies. This proposed unified financial regulatory agency would also take over the work on organised financial trading from RBI in the areas connected with the Bond-Currency-Derivatives Nexus, and from fmc for commodity futures, thus giving a unification of all organised financial trading including equities, government bonds, currencies, commodity futures, corporate bonds, etc. The unification of regulation and supervision of financial firms such as mutual funds, insurance companies, and a diverse array of firms which are not banks or payment providers, would yield consistent treatment in consumer protection and micro-prudential regulation across all of them.

The present SAT will be subsumed in FSAT, which will hear appeals against RBI for its regulatory functions, the unified financial agency, decisions of the Financial Redressal Agency (FRA) and some elements of the work of the resolution corporation.

The present DICGC will be subsumed into the Resolution Corporation which will work across the financial system.

The Financial Redressal Agency (FRA) is a new agency which will have to be created in implementing this financial regulatory architecture. It will set up a nationwide machinery to become a one stop shop where consumers can carry complaints against all financial firms.

An independent debt management office is envisioned.

Finally, the existing FSDC will have modified functions in the fields of systemic risk and development.

===Regulatory Governance===

A critical pillar of financial law is the construction of independent regulators and their functioning. Hence, FSLRC analysed the governance puzzles of establishing sound independent regulators, which involves the twin goals of independence and accountability.<ref name="auto2"/>

====Independence of Regulators====
Turning to the issue of independence, there are four arguments in favour of independence:
# The regulator is able to set up a specialised workforce that has superior technical knowledge.
# This is assisted by modified human resource and other processes, when compared with the functioning of mainstream government departments.
# With such knowledge, and close observation of the industry, an independent regulator is able to move rapidly in modifying regulations, thus giving malleability to laws.
# The presence of independent regulators improves legal certainty.

At the same time, independence cannot be given to an agency in isolation. Parliament should not delegate power to unelected officials without adequate accountability mechanisms. New channels of accountability need to be constructed as independent agencies are not subject to accountability through elections. An example of accountability is found with central banks worldwide: when lawmakers gave central banks independence, in most cases, they placed the burden upon central banks to deliver on an inflation target. This was the accountability mechanism through which the independent agency was brought under check. In most other areas of financial law, the accountability mechanisms required are much more complex.

FSLRC promises to endeavour to find a judicious middle road which combines appropriate levels of independence achieved through concrete mechanisms in the law, coupled with an array of accountability mechanisms, through which sound outcomes will come about under Indian conditions. This will yield substantial gains for the Indian economy when compared with the present arrangements.

====Accountability of Regulators====

As argued above, regulatory independence is desirable so as to support the functioning of the regulator as an expert body, and to ensure that rule-making and enforcement of rules does not fluctuate with changes in political executives. But independence is not an unmixed blessing: when unelected officials are given power, this needs to be accompanied by accountability mechanisms. FSLRC will pursue all four pathways to accountability:
# '''Avoid conflicting objectives:''' When a government agency has multiple objectives, it is easier for the agency to explain away failure. This problem is heightened when there are conflicts of interest. It is, hence, desirable to structure regulatory bodies with clarity of purpose and the absence of conflicting objectives. This perspective has shaped the thinking of fslrc on the financial regulatory architecture.
#'''A well structured rule-making process:''' Public choice theory teaches us that regulators may sometimes draft regulations that are convenient for the regulator rather than the larger national interest. A well structured rule-making process will introduce checks and balances that will avoid suboptimal outcomes. To ensure that the benefits of the regulations out weigh the costs, for every proposed regulation there should be:
## A compact statement of the objects and reasons of the subordinate legislation;
## A description of the market outcome which is an inefficient one ("a [[market failure]]" in Economics parlance);
## Demonstration that solving this market failure is within the objectives of the regulator;
## Clear and precise exposition of the proposed intervention;
## Demonstration that the proposed intervention is within the powers of the regulator;
## Demonstration that the proposed intervention would address the identified market failure;
## Demonstration that the costs to society through complying with the intervention are outweighed by the gains to society from addressing the market failure.

This will help ensure that adequate analysis has preceded rule-making, and show the full regulatory intent to citizens and judges. This will be followed by a consultative process where market participants will be given sufficient time and information to understand the regulation and comment on it.

One key element of the rule-making process is appeal. When an independent regulator comes into being through a well drafted law, this law contains specific objectives and specific powers. If the regulator strays from either of these – catering to objectives that were not specified in the law, or claiming powers that were not mentioned in the law – it should be possible to strike down the regulation through appeal.

<ol start="3">
<li>'''The rule of law:''' A crucial element of accountability and independence of regulators is three core principles of the rule of law:</li>
<ol>
<li>Laws should be known before an action takes place.</li>
<li>Laws should be applied uniformly across similar situations.</li>
<li>Every application of law should provide the private party with the information for application of the law, the reasoning by which the conclusion was arrived at, and a mechanism for appeal.</li>
</ol></ol>
The Commission believes that a formal and transparent system of regulation, rooted in the rule of law, encourages entry of new financial service providers and thereby reduces costs and financial exclusion.

<ol start="4">
<li>'''Reporting:''' Once the objectives of an agency have been defined, it is meaningful to ask the agency to report – e.g. in the Annual Report – the extent to which it has achieved these objectives. Each agency should report on how it has fared on pursuing its desired outcomes, and at what cost.</li>
</ol>

===Role of financial law===

Regulation is not an end in itself; it exists in order to address market failures. Laws must be defined in terms of their economic purpose, rather than in terms of the powers conferred upon regulatory agencies or the entities who are affected by the law. This clarity on objectives is essential for obtaining accountability. If an agency is given the objective of 'regulation', then accountability is lost because the agency will always be able to demonstrate that it has, indeed, done regulation.

====Consumer Protection====

The first objective of financial regulation is consumer protection. The existing strategy on consumer protection in Indian finance is primarily focused on a caveat emptor doctrine, where consumers are protected from fraud, and there is a program to ensure full disclosure. For the rest consumers are left to their own devices.

Consumers of financial services are often more vulnerable than consumers of ordinary goods and require a special effort by the State. The present body of financial law is not animated by consumer protection. The Commission believes this is a major gap in Indian financial law and regulation, which needs to be addressed.

FSLRC proposes a unified consumer protection law which would contain three components: an enumerated set of rights and protections for consumers, an enumerated set of powers, and principles that guide what power should be used under what circumstances. The details of consumer protection would, of course, lie in the subordinated legislation that financial regulators would draft. As an example, whether or not loads and other conflicted remuneration structures should be banned is a question that would be addressed by the regulator. The proposed law will clearly pose this question to the regulator. The regulators would then utilise the powers provided to pursue the goals specified in the law, through subordinated legislation which would evolve over the years reflecting financial innovation, technological change, and the changing nature of the Indian economy. Alongside this rule-making mandate, there would be a supervisory function to ensure compliance with these rules.

In India, so far, the financial regulatory structure has been defined by sector, with multiple laws and often multiple agencies covering various sectors. This has led to inconsistent treatment, and regulatory arbitrage. Regulators of a sector have sometimes adopted the perspective of the industry, and opted for lax regulation as a path to growth of the industry. These problems would be reduced by having a single principles-based law which would cover the entire financial system. It is, then, likely that consumers would be treated fairly with consistent treatment across all aspects of their engagement of the financial system.

FSLRC will propose the creation of a unified Financial Redressal Agency (FRA). FRA would have front-ends in every district of India, where consumers of all financial products would be able to submit complaints. Modern technology would be used to connect up these front-ends into a centralised light-weight adjudication process. A well structured workflow process would support speedy and fair handling of cases. Consumers would deal only with FRA when they have grievances in any financial activity: they would not have to deal with multiple regulators.

====Micro-prudential Regulation====

This is the efforts by financial regulators to reduce the probability that a financial firm collapses. The motivation for micro-prudential regulation is rooted in consumer protection. When a consumer deals with (say) an insurance company, there should be a very high probability that the insurance company will be solvent and able to discharge on its promises. In addition, if a large number of financial firms fail at the same time, this can disrupt the overall financial system. Sound micro-prudential regulation thus caters to reducing systemic risk.

As with the field of consumer protection, the law that FSLRC will propose will have enumerated objectives, enumerated powers and principles that guide the use of the power. The main objective would be to reduce the probability of failure of financial firms, but this will be balanced with a principle that requires the regulator to consider the consequences for efficiency. The regulators will have the powers to impose requirements around capital adequacy, corporate governance standards, liquidity norms, investment norms, and other instruments. The principle of proportionality will apply: regulatory interventions should be related to the risks faced.

A single micro-prudential law will govern the entire financial system, thus ensuring uniform treatment of all aspects of the financial system, and largely eliminating areas of regulatory arbitrage. Multiple regulators may enforce the law for various components of the financial system.

====Resolution====

Sound micro-prudential regulation will reduce the probability of firm failure. However, eliminating all failure is neither feasible nor desirable. Failure of financial firms is an integral part of the regenerative processes of the market economies: weak firms should fail and thus free up labour and capital that would then be utilised by better firms. However, it is important to ensure smooth functioning of the economy, and avoid disruptive firm failure.

This requires a specialised 'resolution mechanism'. A 'Resolution Cor- poration' would watch all financial firms which have made intense promises to households, and intervene when the net worth of the firm is near zero (but not yet negative). It would force the closure or sale of the financial firm, and protect small consumers either by transferring them to a solvent firm or by paying them. In the case of banks, the deposit insurance program (where all households are guaranteed up to Rs. 100,000 of their bank deposits) would be operated by the resolution corporation.

Drawing on the best international practice, the FSLRC proposal will involve a unified resolution corporation that will deal with an array of financial firms such as banks and insurance companies; it will not just be a bank deposit insurance corporation. It will concern itself with all financial firms which make highly intense promises to consumers, such as banks, insurance companies, defined benefit pension funds, and payment systems. It will also take responsibility for the graceful resolution of systemically important financial firms, even if they have no direct links to consumers.

A key feature of the resolution corporation will be speed of action. It must stop a financial firm while the firm is not yet bankrupt. The international experience has shown that delays in resolution almost always lead to a situation where the net worth is negative, which would generally impose costs upon the taxpayer. Hence, a sophisticated legal apparatus is being designed, for a resolution corporation that will act swiftly to stop weak financial firms while they are still solvent. The resolution corporation will choose between many tools through which the interests of consumers are protected, including sales, assisted sales, mergers, etc.

====Capital controls====

The grand question of this field is the appropriate sequencing and pace of India's capital account liberalisation. All prosperous countries have negligible capital controls, and India's peers among developing countries have greater capital account openness than India. As Indian policy makers have repeatedly stated, in the long run, India will move towards capital account openness. The Commission will leave the timing and sequencing of capital account liberalisation entirely to policy makers. However, the drafting of law has to envisage the kinds of regulatory instruments used in this field today and in the future. From this perspective, three key questions can be identified.

The first question concerns the economic purpose of capital controls. One possible approach in justifying capital controls lies in the argument that conditions in the global economy are sometimes turbulent. Capital controls could then be useful as a tool for shielding India from those problems. This economic purpose for capital controls suggests the use of temporary capital controls, which are brought in during certain periods.

The second question concerns the nature of controls. Capital controls can either be structured as detailed microeconomic interventions (e.g. specialised rules about margin payment by foreign investors trading on exchanges) or they can be structured as macroeconomic instruments (e.g. an unremunerated reserve requirement, that discourages short-term flows). Both these alternatives have strengths and weaknesses.

The third issue is about the agency structure. Where should the law, that is enacted by Parliament, place the functions of rule-making and supervision for capital controls? At present, capital controls in the field of FDI (e.g. liberalisation of FDI in multi-brand retail) are determined by the government. In addition, there are tight connections between the liberalisation of outward flows and a fiscal question: the extent of domestic [[financial repression]] (the forced lending by households through banks to the government). Further, capital account restrictions are analogous to protectionism in the financial sector. As with liberalisation of trade, capital account decontrol involves analysing the political ramifications of gainers and losers from liberalisation. This raises questions about whether the rule-making function (i.e. the drafting of subordinated legislation under the capital controls law) should be placed with the Ministry of Finance or the RBI. Similarly, supervisory functions (i.e. the enforcement of the subordinated legislation) could potentially be placed at RBI or at the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), which watches India's cross-border flows from the viewpoint of restraining the financing of terrorism. Each of these alternatives has strengths and weaknesses.

The Commission will debate these questions, which define the basic character of capital controls law. The Commission will take a view on them, and draft laws analogous to the approach adopted in other laws: emphasising enumerated objectives, enumerated powers, a sophisticated rule-making process, and the rule of law.

====Systemic risk====

The problem of systemic risk requires a bird's eye perspective of the financial system. The first function in this field is that of reducing the probability of a breakdown of the financial system. This requires understanding the financial system as a whole, as opposed to individual sectors or firms, and undertaking actions which reduce the possibility of a collapse of the financial system. Each financial regulator tends to focus on regulating and supervising some components of the financial system. With sectoral regulation, financial regulators sometimes share the worldview of their regulated entities. What is of essence in the field of systemic risk is avoiding the worldview of any one sector, and understanding the overall financial system.

Systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs), which are often conglomerates operating across multiple elements of the financial system, pose special problems for micro-prudential regulation and resolution. An integrated statistical picture of the entire financial system would be used to identify SIFIs, and help coordinate joint work between multiple regulatory agencies in their micro-prudential regulation.

Inter-agency coordination is particularly important in a crisis. Decisions that impact on multiple sectors need to be swiftly taken, and correctly enforced by multiple different agencies. Crisis management might involve utilising taxpayer resources, which can only be authorised by the government. Decisions may also be required about drawing on emergency lines of credit from the central bank, in its capacity as the lender of last resort. This analysis needs to be taken in a coordinated fashion between all financial agencies, drawing on an accurate picture of the full financial system.

The Commission will debate these questions, and will take a view on them, and make recommendations accordingly.

====Development====

A uniquely important policy problem in India is that of financial inclusion. This forms the rationale for the development agenda in finance. The agenda relates to (i) the development of missing markets, such as the bond market, and achieving scale and outreach with nascent markets; (ii) redistribution and quasi-fiscal operations where certain sectors, income or occupational categories are the beneficiaries.

The first, or the development of missing markets, requires information gathering and analysis on the scale of the full financial system, rather than within one sector at a time. Inter-regulatory coordination is required.

The fundamentals of public administration suggest that quasi-fiscal functions should only be performed by the fiscal authority. This could be achieved by placing rule-making functions related to development (e.g. regulations for priority sector lending) closer to the fiscal authority, while asking regulatory agencies to verify compliance (i.e. to perform the supervisory function).

The open question in the field concerns the institutional mechanism through which this could be achieved. These functions could be placed at regulatory agencies or elsewhere. The Commission will debate these questions and make recommendations emphasising enumerated objectives, enumerated powers, a sophisticated rule-making process, and the rule of law.

====Monetary policy====

Monetary policy is the function of creating '[[fiat money]]', i.e. money that derives its value because the State asserts that it is legal tender. It involves (a) creating the Indian rupee, (b) setting the short-term interest rate, and (c) operating a 'lender of last resort' facility whereby liquidity is temporarily extended to solvent but illiquid financial firms.

Monetary policy independence is required, in order to avoid election-related cycles in monetary policy. Alongside this independence, an accountability mechanism needs to be set up. The mainstream strategy that is used worldwide is that of tasking the monetary authority with achieving price stability.

====Debt Management====

The management of public debt requires a specialised investment banking capability. A series of expert committees have suggested that this should be done in a professional debt management office for two reasons:

#Debt management requires an integrated picture of all onshore and offshore liabilities of the government. At present, this information is fragmented across RBI and the Ministry of Finance. Unifying this information, and the related debt management functions, will yield better decisions and thus improved debt management.
#A central bank that sells government bonds faces conflicting objectives. When RBI is given the objective of obtaining low cost financing for the government, this may give RBI a bias in favour of low interest rates which could interfere with the goal of price stability.

====Foundations of Contract and Property====

The last component of financial law is the set of adaptations of conventional commercial law on questions of contracting and property rights that is required in fields such as securities and insurance. Statutes as well as case laws have shaped the rules regarding creation of financial contracts, transfer of rights, title or interest in such contracts and enforcement of such rights. These developments have largely been sector specific.

The FSLRC has looked into the necessity of keeping these sector specific rules and will retain them only under special circumstances. Where the law can be made sector neutral or the law has been unable to keep pace with financial innovation, the FSLRC will propose new formulations of law.

For instance, financial transactions have to be defined in a functional manner to ensure that financial innovations do not exceed regulatory jurisdiction. Rules regarding enforceability of derivative contracts have to be laid down. Clarity in rules of enforcement of contracts involving the market infrastructure institutions such as, exchanges, clearing corporations and depositories, is indispensable for organised financial trading. The priority of clearing houses in the bankruptcy process needs to be examined. Developing the over-the-counter market also comes with its own set of contractual issues. The FSLRC has also looked into issues of market integrity which may have implications on creation and transfer of contracts in the financial sector.

==Critics==

Upon the release of the FSLRC Approach Paper an extensive debate has taken place on the Commission's proposed suggestions. While plenty responses were positive and encouraged the Commission's work, strong oppositions on some fundamental issues have also come up.

===Super Regulator===

Amongst the chief concerns for most critics has been the suggestion to formulate a unified financial regulator, which will be a single entity to regulate all financial firms (except banks) for both the consumer protection and micro-prudential requirements. Reasons cited include:

# Regulatory monopoly
# Lack of required skill sets for such an organisation<ref name="auto1">[http://www.inclusion.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=815#.ULh69ePZ85s]{{dead link|date=October 2019}}</ref>
# International experience demonstrates its failure (comparing it to the FSA model in the UK)<ref name="auto1"/>
# Different sectors require different expertise and specialisation. A single regulator will not be able to maintain such broad spectrum of work load.
# Two decades of empowerment of financial regulators is sought to be reversed with this report.
# Creating a statutory body called the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) chaired by the finance minister, which will sit over the regulators, would further take away the independence and expertise of regulators, is regressive and deeply disturbing.
# there is no internal consistency of reducing the number of regulators to reduce regulatory arbitrage. Either there should be one regulator for the entire financial sector if the story is that there is possibility of gaps and turf wars between regulators, or the status quo should continue (arguments for a unified agency can be found in the "Proposals" section under "Proposed Architecture" subsection)
# Principles based law sounds good in theory - but it is difficult and wrong to implement it - can you calculate margins based on 'fairness' or must you not rely on a mathematical formula (howsoever inaccurate it may be.

===Central bank: Reserve Bank of India===

The FSLRC has also suggested some big changes for the RBI. Being amongst the oldest regulators in India, the RBI has enjoyed a special status, not only in terms of its powers, but also in the public image. The call to cut back some of its powers and redefining its objectives met significant resistance.

Arguments include:

<ol>
<li>'''Debt Management should remain with the RBI:''' Managing public debt is a complex procedure. It requires coordination of the monetary policy as well as the fiscal policy and thus RBI is ideally suited to tackle the situation.</li>
'''Response:'''

The need for monetary policy coordination should only arise during emergency situations. During normal times, monetary policy should not be used for allowing the Government to run huge deficits. The distinction of the goals, tools to be used and entities dealing with them will allow for greater accountability. For example: RBI will not be able to blame the huge government deficit for its inability to control inflation.

<li>'''A single objective for the RBI is too simplistic:'''</li> The central bank has plenty of roles to play other than stabilising prices.
</ol>

===Resolution Corporation will Conduce Moral Hazard===

===Others===

Among the other criticisms:

# The changes are so drastic that they will never get implemented.
# The Commission has over stepped its mandate. Instead of strengthening and improving the existing laws, they have tried to hard to overhaul the entire system.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/s-s-tarapore/a-flawed-approach/article22985638.ece|title=A flawed Approach|first=S. S.|last=Tarapore|website=@businessline|date=29 November 2012 }}</ref>
# The report is detached from reality<ref name="auto3"/>

===Media coverage===
<ol>
<li>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/column-commission-and-omission/1099994 Sandeep Parekh - Financial Express (4/10/2013)]</li>

<li>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/column-towards-better-financial-regulation/1010448 Ila Patnaik - Financial Express (2/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.livemint.com/Money/DsGiqmQZvGTuq8FFBmsffM/Buyer-beware-to-seller-be-responsible.html Monika Halan - Mint (2/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/pRD4I0Wcj5T4UEEqpmHwgP/Committee-for-single-financial-sector-authority.html Asit Ranjan Mishra - Mint (2/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/fe-editorial-if-it-ain-t-broke/1010459 Editorial - Financial Express (2/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030521/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/news/34260360_1_fslrc-financial-sector-financial-regulation Editorial - Economic Times (4/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305142247/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/news/34260217_1_financial-sector-c-rangarajan-regulatory-arbitrage Shaji Vikraman - Economic Times (4/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.valueresearchonline.com/story/h2_storyview.asp?str=21108 Dhirendra Kumar - Economic Times (8/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/regulating-the-regulators/1013346/0 George Mathew - Indian Express (9/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/ex-rbi-guv-bimal-jalan-against-formingsuper-regulator_768594.html Bimal Jalan - Monecontrol (13/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.moneylife.in/article/crosshairs-by-sucheta-dalal/29083.html Sucheta Dalal - Moneylife (16/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002215935/http://www.inclusion.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=659 Sameer Kochhar - Inclusion.in (17/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/rbi-policy-must-prioritise-price-stability-rangarajan_771571.html C Rangarajan - Moneycontrol (20/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.livemint.com/Money/PAnLatJvZGv9t4mFdZa8IP/Financial-markets-dont-need-a-super-regulator.html C Rangarajan - Mint (28/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[https://archive.today/20130216064842/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-29/india-business/34797622_1_single-regulator-super-regulator-pfrda C Rangarajan - Times of India (29/10/2012)]</li>

<li>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/s-s-tarapore/a-flawed-approach/article4147126.ece?css=print S S Tarapore - Inclusion.in (29/10/2012)]</li>

</ol>

==See also==
* [[Manu Needhi Consumer and Environmental Protection Centre]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://finmin.nic.in/fslrc/fslrc_index.asp Official release]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130419000914/http://www.fslrc.org.in/profile.html FSLRC Member Profiles]
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/fslrc_approach_paper.pdf/ FSLRC Approach Paper]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/fslrc_press_release_approach_paper.pdf FSLRC Approach Paper Press Brief]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_banking.pdf Working Group on Banking]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_insurance.pdf Working Group on Insurance]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_payments.pdf Working Group on Payments]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_dmo.pdf Working Group on Debt Management Office]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fslrc.org.in/files/wg_securities.pdf Working Group on Securities]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Indian commissions and inquiries]]
[[Category:Finance in India]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]

2021–22 Odisha FC season

2025-09-19T21:59:42Z

MYRA: Creating Data

{{Short description|2021–22 season of Odisha FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Odisha FC]]
| logo =
| season = [[2021–22 in Indian football|2021–22]]
| manager = [[Kiko Ramírez]]
| chrtitle = President
| chairman = Raj Athwal
| stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]] ''(Centralised Venue)'' 
| league = [[Indian Super League]]
| league result = [[2021–22 Indian Super League|7th]]
| cup1 = [[Indian Super Cup]]
| cup1 result =
| cup2 =
| cup2 result =
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
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| updated = 13 September 2021
| prevseason = [[2020–21 Odisha FC season|2020–21]]
| nextseason = [[2022–23 Odisha FC season|2022–23]]
}}

The '''2021–22 season''' was [[Odisha FC]]'s third professional season in the [[Indian Super League]] since their establishment in 2019. The [[2021–22 Indian Super League]] started from 19 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/hero-isl-2021-22-fixtures-announced|title=Hero ISL 2021-22 fixtures announced|date=13 September 2021|website=[[Indian Super League]]}}</ref>

==Overview==
On 6 May, the club announced the appointment of [[David Villa]] as the head of Global Football Operations.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|date=May 6, 2021|first=Sourav|last=Modak|title=David Villa joins Odisha FC Football Committee {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/david-villa-joins-odisha-fc-football-committee/articleshow/82433266.cms|access-date=2021-07-05|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706124902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/david-villa-joins-odisha-fc-football-committee/articleshow/82433266.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The club also announced the appointment of former head coach [[Josep Gombau]] and Victor Onate as the members of Technical committee.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Indian Super League side Odisha FC rope in World Cup winner David Villa as global football advisor|url=https://scroll.in/field/994217/indian-super-league-side-odisha-fc-rope-in-world-cup-winner-david-villa-as-global-football-advisor|access-date=2021-07-05|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507072752/https://scroll.in/field/994217/indian-super-league-side-odisha-fc-rope-in-world-cup-winner-david-villa-as-global-football-advisor|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 July, Odisha announced the appointment of [[Kiko Ramírez|Francisco "Kiko" Ramírez González]] as the head coach for [[2021–22 Indian Super League]]<ref>{{cite web|date=20 July 2021|title=Odisha FC appoints Francisco "Kiko" Ramírez González as Head Coach|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-appoints-francisco-kiko-ramirez-gonzalez-as-head-coach|website=Odisha FC|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720071025/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-appoints-francisco-kiko-ramirez-gonzalez-as-head-coach|url-status=live}}</ref> along with the appointment of Assistant Coach and Head of Football Development, Joaquin "Kino" Garcia Sanchez.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 July 2021|title=Odisha FC ropes in Joaquín "Kino" García Sánchez as Assistant Coach and Head of Football Development|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/joaquin-kino-garcia-sanchez-as-assistant-coach-and-head-of-football-development|website=Odisha FC|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720085928/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/joaquin-kino-garcia-sanchez-as-assistant-coach-and-head-of-football-development|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 September, the club entered into a 3-year international partnership deal with [[Premier League]] club [[Watford F.C.|Watford]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=News: Watford & Odisha FC Sign International Club Partnership|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/news-watford-odisha-fc-sign-international-club-partnership|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.watfordfc.com|language=en}}</ref>

===Training===
Similar to the last season, the [[2021–22 Indian Super League]] will also be hosted [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]] across three venues in [[Goa]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. Odisha FC used the Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground in [[Navelim]], [[South Goa]] for their pre-season training. The team started their pre-season training by the end of first week of September 2021. Head coach Ramirez and his team arrived in [[Goa]] on 9 September for pre-season.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=OdishaFC|number=1435907328549658631|date=9 September 2021|title=Arrived}}</ref>

===Transfers===
On 22 April 2021, Odisha announced the contract extension of [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]] till 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 April 2021|title=Jerry pledges future to Odisha FC, signs one-year contract extension|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/jerry-pledges-future-to-odisha-fc-signs-one-year-contract-extension/articleshow/82210228.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=5 July 2021|archive-date=5 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705122648/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/jerry-pledges-future-to-odisha-fc-signs-one-year-contract-extension/articleshow/82210228.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 May, Odisha announced the signing of [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]] on a two-year contract from [[I-League]] side [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]. The club also announced the signing of [[Sahil Panwar]] on a two-year contract by paying a undisclosed transfer fee to Indian Super League side [[Hyderabad FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL: Odisha FC signs Sahil Panwar from Hyderabad FC, Sebastian Thangmuansang from Gokulam Kerala|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2021-transfers-hyderabad-fc-defender-sahil-panwar-odisha-fc/article34558798.ece|url-status=live|website=Sportstar|access-date=2021-06-09|language=en-US|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711112722/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2021-transfers-hyderabad-fc-defender-sahil-panwar-odisha-fc/article34558798.ece}}</ref> On 8 June, the club announced the signing of defender [[Lalruatthara]] on a two-year deal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2021|title=Odisha FC sign defender Lalruatthara|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/odisha-fc-sign-indian-defender-lalruatthara/articleshow/83337101.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709070454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/odisha-fc-sign-indian-defender-lalruatthara/articleshow/83337101.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 7 July, Odisha announced the signing of [[Isaac Vanmalsawma]] on a two-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=India winger Isaac Vanmalsawma joins Odisha FC|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/india-winger-isaac-vanmalsawma-joins-odisha-fc/articleshow/84201040.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=7 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707100513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/india-winger-isaac-vanmalsawma-joins-odisha-fc/articleshow/84201040.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 July, the club announced that [[George D'Souza]] joined [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]] club [[FC Bengaluru United]] on loan for the [[I-League 2|2021–22 season]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-12|title=Bengaluru United sign George D'Souza on loan from Odisha FC|url=https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719190951/https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 23 July, [[Cole Alexander]] mutually terminated his contract with the club after agreeing to leave Odisha for [[South African Premier Division]] club, [[Kaizer Chiefs]], at an undisclosed fee.<ref name="odishafc.com">{{Cite web|date=23 July 2021|title=Cole Alexander bids an emotional goodbye as he parts ways with Odisha FC|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/cole-alexander-bids-an-emotional-goodbye-as-he-parts-ways-with-odisha-fc|website=OdishaFC|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>

On 26 July, the club announced the signing of Spanish centre-back [[Víctor Mongil]] as its first foreign signing of the season.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2021|title=Hero ISL winner Victor Mongil joins Odisha FC|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/hero-isl-winner-victor-mongil-joins-odisha-fc|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726071427/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/hero-isl-winner-victor-mongil-joins-odisha-fc |archive-date=26 July 2021 }}</ref> On 30 July, Odisha announced the signing of Spanish attacking-midfielder [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]].<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|date=30 July 2021|title=Odisha FC ropes in Hero ISL winner Javi Hernandez|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-ropes-in-hero-isl-winner-javi-hernandez|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730081423/https://odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-ropes-in-hero-isl-winner-javi-hernandez |archive-date=30 July 2021 }}</ref>

On 5 August, the club announced the signing of Nikhil Raj on loan from [[Bangalore Super Division]] club [[Kickstart FC|Kickstart]].<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|date=5 August 2021|title=Odisha FC signs Nikhil Raj on loan from Kickstart FC|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-signs-nikhil-raj-on-loan-from-kickstart-fc|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805113531/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-signs-nikhil-raj-on-loan-from-kickstart-fc |archive-date=5 August 2021 }}</ref> On 11 August, Odisha announced the signing of Spanish centre-back [[Héctor Rodas]].<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web|date=5 August 2021|title=Spanish defender Hector Rodas joins Odisha FC|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/spanish-defender-hector-rodas-joins-odisha-fc|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811042823/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/spanish-defender-hector-rodas-joins-odisha-fc |archive-date=11 August 2021 }}</ref> On 16 August, the club announced the signing of Spanish centre-forward and winger [[Aridai Cabrera]].<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite web|date=16 August 2021|title=Odisha FC ropes in Spanish winger Aridai Cabrera|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-ropes-in-spanish-winger-aridai-cabrera|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816053629/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-ropes-in-spanish-winger-aridai-cabrera |archive-date=16 August 2021 }}</ref> On 23 August, Odisha announced the signing of its AFC-quota player, midfielder [[Liridon Krasniqi]], on loan from [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]].<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Odisha FC signs Malaysian international Liridon Krasniqi on loan|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-signs-malaysian-international-liridon-krasniqi-on-loan|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823062612/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-signs-malaysian-international-liridon-krasniqi-on-loan |archive-date=23 August 2021 }}</ref>

On 7 September, Odisha announced that 7 players from their youth setup were called up to the first team for trials at the pre-season training camp in Goa.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=OdishaFC|number=1435171827462987781|date=7 September 2021|title=OFC Youth Setup}}</ref> On 9 September, Odisha announced the signing of Brazilian [[Forward (association football)|centre-forward]] [[Jonathas de Jesus]] from [[UAE Pro League]]-side [[Sharjah FC|Sharjah]].<ref name="ReferenceG">{{Cite web|date=9 September 2021|title=Experienced Brazilian forward Jonathas joins Odisha FC|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/experienced-brazilian-forward-jonathas-joins-odisha-fc|website=OdishaFC.com|url-status=live|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909134240/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/experienced-brazilian-forward-jonathas-joins-odisha-fc |archive-date=9 September 2021 }}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====In====
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!Date
!Name
!Moving from
!Moving to
!Ref.
|-
|'''14 May 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahil Panwar]]
|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2021|title=Sahil Panwar to transfer to Odisha FC|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/sahil-panwar-to-transfer-to-odisha-fc/articleshow/82634463.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722171623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/sahil-panwar-to-transfer-to-odisha-fc/articleshow/82634463.cms|archive-date=2021-07-22|access-date=2021-07-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|'''5 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isaac Vanmalsawma]]
|[[Jamshedpur]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-05|title=Isaac Vanmalsawma signs for Jamshedpur Football Club|url=https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/isaac-vanmalsawma-signs-for-jamshedpur-football-club|access-date=2021-07-22|website=Jamshedpur Football Club|language=en|archive-date=2020-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325170531/https://www.fcjamshedpur.com/news/isaac-vanmalsawma-signs-for-jamshedpur-football-club|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''8 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalruatthara]]
|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-08|title=Odisha FC sign defender Lalruatthara|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/odisha-fc-sign-defender-lalruatthara-995278.html|access-date=2021-07-22|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722171055/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/odisha-fc-sign-defender-lalruatthara-995278.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''14 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-14|title=ISL: Odisha FC ropes in Sahil Panwar from Hyderabad FC, Sebastian Thangmuansang from Gokulam Kerala|url=https://thebridge.in/isl/odisha-fc-ropes-sahil-panwar-sebastian-thangmuansang-21484|access-date=2021-07-22|website=thebridge.in|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722171126/https://thebridge.in/isl/odisha-fc-ropes-sahil-panwar-sebastian-thangmuansang-21484|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''26 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Víctor Mongil|Victor Mongil]]
|{{flagicon|GEO}} [[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dinamo Tbilisi]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 27, 2021|first=Sourav|last=Modak|title=Odisha FC rope in former ISL champion Victor Mongil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/odisha-fc-rope-in-former-isl-champion-victor-mongil/articleshow/84780834.cms|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728115220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/odisha-fc-rope-in-former-isl-champion-victor-mongil/articleshow/84780834.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''30 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
|[[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=Odisha FC signs Javi Hernandez for upcoming season|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-signs-javi-hernandez-atk-mohun-bagan-kiko-ramirez/article35623067.ece|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804072150/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-signs-javi-hernandez-atk-mohun-bagan-kiko-ramirez/article35623067.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''5 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Nikhil Raj
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Kickstart FC|Kickstart]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Siddharth|date=2021-08-05|title=ISL: Bangalore based Kickstart FC's young midfielder Nikhil Raj signs for Odisha FC|url=https://thebridge.in/isl/odisha-fc-sign-nikhil-from-kickstart-fc-24170|access-date=2021-08-05|website=thebridge.in|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805174306/https://thebridge.in/isl/odisha-fc-sign-nikhil-from-kickstart-fc-24170|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''12 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Héctor Rodas]]
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa|Cultural Leonesa]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sourav Modak|date=Aug 12, 2021|title=Odisha FC rope in Spanish centre-back Hector Rodas {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/odisha-fc-rope-in-spanish-centre-back-hector-rodas/articleshow/85263129.cms|access-date=2021-08-14|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814133948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/odisha-fc-rope-in-spanish-centre-back-hector-rodas/articleshow/85263129.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''16 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Aridai Cabrera]]
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=Odisha FC announce signing of Spanish winger Aridai Cabrera|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-sign-aridai-cabrera/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816121856/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-sign-aridai-cabrera|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''23 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|MYS}} [[Liridon Krasniqi]]
|{{Flagicon|MYS}} [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=ANI|title=ISL: Odisha FC signs Malaysian international Liridon Krasniqi on loan|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-odisha-fc-signs-malaysian-international-liridon-krasniqi-on-loan-football-news-updates/article36054175.ece|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823095053/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-odisha-fc-signs-malaysian-international-liridon-krasniqi-on-loan-football-news-updates/article36054175.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''9 September 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Jonathas de Jesus]]
|{{Flagicon|UAE}} [[Sharjah FC|Sharjah]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Sep 9, 2021|title=ISL: Experienced Brazilian forward Jonathas joins Odisha FC {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-experienced-brazilian-forward-jonathas-joins-odisha-fc/articleshow/86068857.cms|access-date=2021-09-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909171514/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-experienced-brazilian-forward-jonathas-joins-odisha-fc/articleshow/86068857.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''30 December 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} Nikhil Prabhu
|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]] (loan)
|<ref name="out11622">{{cite tweet|title=🚨Official Announcement! Young defender Nikhil Prabhu joins @OdishaFC on a loan deal till the end of the current season. We wish @nprabhu_4 the very best for his new challenge. 💪|number=1476567772842708992|accessdate=30 December 2021|user=HydFCOfficial|date=30 December 2021|author=Hyderabad FC}}</ref>
|-
|'''25 January 2022'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Amin]]
|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-25|title=Odisha FC announce signing of Antonio D'Silva, Karan Amin|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-antonio-d-silva-karan-amin-signing-announced/|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125200239/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-antonio-d-silva-karan-amin-signing-announced|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''25 January 2022'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Antonio D'Silva
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha FC ropes in Antonio D'Silva, Karan Amin to strengthen their squad ahead of the final lap|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/odisha-fc-ropes-in-antonio-dsilva-karan-amin-to-strengthen-their-squad-ahead-of-the-final-lap|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126085631/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/odisha-fc-ropes-in-antonio-dsilva-karan-amin-to-strengthen-their-squad-ahead-of-the-final-lap|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''26 January 2022'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Redeem Tlang]]
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=ISL 2021-22: Odisha FC signs Redeem Tlang on season-long loan|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-signs-redeem-tlang-loan-from-fc-goa-football-news/article38329563.ece|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128085859/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-signs-redeem-tlang-loan-from-fc-goa-football-news/article38329563.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

====Out====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!Date
!Name
!Moving from
!Moving to
!Ref.
|-
|'''5 March 2021'''
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steven Taylor (footballer)|Steven Taylor]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|NZ}} [[Wellington Phoenix FC|Wellington Phoenix]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Steven Taylor Returns To Wellington Phoenix|url=https://www.wellingtonphoenix.com/news/steven-taylor-re-signs-wellington-phoenix|accessdate=15 July 2021|date=15 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304211557/https://www.wellingtonphoenix.com/news/steven-taylor-re-signs-wellington-phoenix |archive-date=4 March 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|'''23 April 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho Leite Pereira|Marcelinho]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Esporte Clube Taubaté|EC Taubate]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-24|title=Marcelinho leaves ATK Mohun Bagan, joins Brazilian club EC Taubate|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-marcelinho-leaves-atk-mohun-bagan-joins-ec-taubate/|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424075434/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-marcelinho-leaves-atk-mohun-bagan-joins-ec-taubate|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''12 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[George D'Souza]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-12|title=Bengaluru United sign George D'Souza on loan from Odisha FC|url=https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719190951/https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''13 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Diego Maurício]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Al-Shahania SC|Al-Shahania]]
|<ref name="Juanan5">{{cite tweet|number=1426278149613101067|title=في ظل تواجد مدير عام النادي السيد فيصل مطر الشمري تم التعاقد مع اللاعبين البرازيليين دييجو واللاعب وليام قادمين من الدوري الهندي والتايلندي لموسم ٢٠٢٢/٢٠٢١|user=shhania|date=13 August 2021|author=نادي الشحانية الرياضي|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813203017/https://twitter.com/shhania/status/1426278149613101067|archive-date=13 August 2021|trans-title=In the presence of the club's general manager, Mr. Faisal Matar Al-Shammari, the Brazilian players Diego and William were contracted from the Indian and Thai leagues for the 2022/2021 season.}}</ref>
|-
|'''25 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Diawandou Diagne]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=ktpkotka|date=2021-07-25|title=Diawandou Diagne Senegalista raitapaitaan|url=http://www.fcktp.fi/diawandou-diagne-senegalista-raitapaitaan/|access-date=2021-07-31|website=KTP|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725191623/http://www.fcktp.fi/diawandou-diagne-senegalista-raitapaitaan/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''29 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|SA}} [[Cole Alexander]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|SA}} [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chiefs sign Dolly and Alexander|url=https://www.kaizerchiefs.com/press-releases/chiefs-sign-dolly-alexander/|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Kaizer Chiefs|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134531/https://www.kaizerchiefs.com/press-releases/chiefs-sign-dolly-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''6 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Jacob Tratt]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Adelaide United FC|Adelaide United]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-06|title=Reds capture Tratt ahead of 2021/22|url=https://www.adelaideunited.com.au/news/reds-capture-tratt-ahead-202122|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Adelaide United|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806025345/https://www.adelaideunited.com.au/news/reds-capture-tratt-ahead-202122|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''9 August 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Onwu]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[CF Badalona|Badalona]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=1746cc6e07|date=2021-08-09|title=FITXATGE {{!}} Manu Onwu|url=https://www.cfbadalona.net/fitxatge-manu-onwu/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=CFBadalona|language=ca|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809202343/https://www.cfbadalona.net/fitxatge-manu-onwu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''25 November 2021'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Samuel Lalmuanpuia]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
|<ref name="out116">{{cite tweet|title=New Signings: Samuel Lalmuanpuia (RW/LW)|number=1463885067990700037|accessdate=21 December 2021|user=AizawlFC|date=25 November 2021|author=Aizawl FC}}</ref>
|-
|'''2 January 2022'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammad Sajid Dhot]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=ISL 2021-22: Chennaiyin FC signs defender Mohammad Sajid Dhot|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/chennaiyin-fc-signs-defender-mohammad-sajid-dhot/article38091803.ece|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102213615/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/chennaiyin-fc-signs-defender-mohammad-sajid-dhot/article38091803.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''5 January 2022'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinit Rai]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Jan 6, 2022|title=Mumbai City FC complete loan move for midfielder Vinit Rai {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-complete-loan-move-for-midfielder-vinit-rai/articleshow/88732680.cms|access-date=2022-01-21|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106102744/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-complete-loan-move-for-midfielder-vinit-rai/articleshow/88732680.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''30 January 2022'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Kumar (footballer)|Ravi Kumar]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Jan 30, 2022|title=Mumbai City FC secure loan move for goalkeeper Ravi Kumar {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-secure-loan-move-for-goalkeeper-ravi-kumar/articleshow/89221530.cms|access-date=2022-02-08|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130104721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-secure-loan-move-for-goalkeeper-ravi-kumar/articleshow/89221530.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

====Out-on-Loan====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!Date
!Name
!Moving from
!Moving to
!Ref.
|-
|'''12 July 2021'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[George D'Souza]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-12|title=Bengaluru United sign George D'Souza on loan from Odisha FC|url=https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719190951/https://khelnow.com/football/fc-bengaluru-united-sign-george-dsouza-on-loan|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''5 January 2022'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinit Rai]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Jan 6, 2022|title=Mumbai City FC complete loan move for midfielder Vinit Rai {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-complete-loan-move-for-midfielder-vinit-rai/articleshow/88732680.cms|access-date=2022-01-21|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106102744/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-complete-loan-move-for-midfielder-vinit-rai/articleshow/88732680.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'''30 January 2022'''
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Kumar (footballer)|Ravi Kumar]]
|[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Jan 30, 2022|title=Mumbai City FC secure loan move for goalkeeper Ravi Kumar {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-secure-loan-move-for-goalkeeper-ravi-kumar/articleshow/89221530.cms|access-date=2022-02-08|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130104721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-secure-loan-move-for-goalkeeper-ravi-kumar/articleshow/89221530.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
{{col-end}}

====Contract Extensions====
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!'''Date'''
!'''Player'''
!'''Position'''
!'''No'''
!'''Contract Till'''
!'''Ref.'''
|-
|22 April 2021
! scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Midfielder (association football)|RW]]
|17
|style="text-align:center;"|2022
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Odisha FC announce contract extension for Jerry Mawihmingthanga|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/odisha-fc-announce-contract-extension-for-jerry-mawihmingthanga/articleshow/82199316.cms|access-date=2021-07-05|website=Times Of India|archive-date=5 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705122649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/odisha-fc-announce-contract-extension-for-jerry-mawihmingthanga/articleshow/82199316.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Pre-season and friendlies==
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 18 September 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 1–3
|report = https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/pre-season-friendly-odisha-fc-beats-salgaocar-fc-3-1
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Nanda Kumar|Nandha]]
*[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Daniel]]
*[[Isak Vanlalruatfela|Isak]]
|stadium = Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground
|location = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 22 September 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 1–0
|report = https://twitter.com/OdishaFC/status/1440986064617881603
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground
|location = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 25 September 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 1–1
|report = https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/pre-season-friendly-odisha-fc-churchill-brothers-game-ends-in-a-stalemate
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Jerry]]
|stadium = Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground
|location = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 28 September 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa II]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 1–4
|report = https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/pre-season-friendly-odisha-fc-gets-the-better-of-fc-goa-reserves
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
* [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]]
* [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]]
* [[Isaac Vanmalsawma|Isaac]]
* [[Isak Vanlalruatfela|Isak]]
|stadium = Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground
|location = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 28 October 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 1–2
|report = https://odishafc.com/news/details/javi-victor-score-as-odisha-fc-beat-chennaiyin-fc-in-pre-season-friendly
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]]
*[[Víctor Mongil|Víctor]]
|stadium = Sports Complex
|location = Utorda, [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 1 November 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]]
|stadium = Parra Ground
|location = [[Parra, Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 9 November 2021
|time =
|team1 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} Odisha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Nagoa Ground
|location = [[Nagoa]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 16 November 2021
|time =
|team1 = Odisha {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 2–1
|report = https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-beats-hyderabad-fc-in-pre-season-friendly
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|goals1 =
*[[Lalruatthara]]
*[[Isak Vanlalruatfela|Isak]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = Our Lady of the Rosary Church Ground
|location = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}

==Competitions==

=== Overview ===
{{Fb overview2
|c=1
|c1=[[2021–22 Indian Super League]]
|fm1={{Start date|2021|11|24|df=y}}
|lm1={{end date|2022|3|4|df=y}}
|sr1=[[#Matchday|Matchday 6]]
|fp3=
|w1=6
|l1=5
|d1=9
|f1=31
|a1=43
|u={{Start date|2022|3|4|df=y}}.
}}

=== Indian Super League ===
{{Main|2021–22 Indian Super League}}

==== League table ====
{{:2021–22 Indian Super League|showteam=OFC}}

==== Result summary ====
{{Fb_rs|hw=4|hd=3|hl=3|hgf=20|hga=20|aw=2|ad=2|al=6|agf=11|aga=23|dp=}}

====Matches====
The league fixtures were announced on 13 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/hero-isl-2021-22-fixtures-announced|title=Hero ISL 2021-22 fixtures announced|date=13 September 2021|website=[[Indian Super League]]}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|round = 1
|date = 24 November 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43105-odisha-fc-vs-bengaluru-fc Report]
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 =
*[[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]] {{goal|3||51}}
*[[Aridai Cabrera|Aridai]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 =
*[[Alan Costa|Costa]] {{goal|21}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = 2
|date = 30 November 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 6–4
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43112-odisha-fc-vs-sc-east-bengal Report]
|team2 = [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
* [[Héctor Rodas|Hector]] {{goal|33||40}}
* [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi]] {{goal|45}}
* [[Aridai Cabrera|Aridai]] {{goal|71||90}}
* [[Isak Vanlalruatfela]] {{goal|82}}
|goals2 =
* [[Darren Sidoel|Sidoel]] {{goal|13}}
* [[Thongkhosiem Haokip|Haokip]] {{goal|80}}
* [[Daniel Chima Chukwu|Chukwu]] {{goal|89||90|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Harish Kundu
|result = W
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|round = 3
|date = 5 December 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43118-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-odisha-fc Report]
|team1 = Kerala Blasters
|goals1 =
* [[Álvaro Vázquez|Vázquez]] {{goal|62}}
* [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni|Prasanth]] {{goal|85}}
|team2 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals2 =
* Raj {{goal|90+5}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = L
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|round = 4
|date = 10 December 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43123-odisha-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc Report]
|team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Jonathas de Jesus|Jonathas]] {{goal|81}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Senthil Nathan S
|result = W
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|round = 5
|date = 14 December 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 0–4
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43128-odisha-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc Report]
|team2 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]] {{goal|4||25||35}}
*[[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]] {{goal|3}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Coimbatore Ramaswamy Srikrishna
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = 18 December 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43132-chennaiyin-fc-vs-odisha-fc Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals1 = [[Narayan Das (footballer)|Narayan Das]] {{yel|10}} [[Germanpreet Singh]] {{goal|23}} {{yel|45}} [[Ariel Borysiuk]] {{yel|49}} [[Mirlan Murzaev]] {{goal|63}}
|goals2 = [[Isaac Vanmalsawma]] {{yel|29}} [[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem|Thoiba Singh]] {{yel|53}} [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]] {{yel|75}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]] {{yel|86}} {{goal|90}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Pratik Mondal
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = 7
|date = 24 December 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43139-odisha-fc-vs-fc-goa Report]
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Jonathas de Jesus|Jonathas]] {{goal|53}}
|goals2 =
*[[Iván Garrido (footballer, born 1990)|Ivan Gonzalez]] {{goal|42}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Coimbatore Ramaswamy Srikrishna
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = 28 November 2021
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|score = 6–1
|report = [https://www.odishafc.com/fixtures-schedule Report]
|team2 = Odisha
|goals1 = [[Lalhrezuala Sailung|Sailung]] {{goal|8|o.g.}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche|Ogbeche]] {{goal|39||60}} {{yel|44}} [[Edu García|García]] {{goal|54}} [[Javier Siverio|Siverio]] {{goal|72}} [[João Victor (footballer, born 1988)|Victor]] {{goal|86|pen.}}
|goals2 = [[Héctor Rodas|Rodas]] {{yel|8}} [[Juanan]] {{goal|16|o.g.}} [[Liridon Krasniqi|Krasniqi]] {{yel|54}}
|stadium = [[GMC Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Bambolim]], [[Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Ashwin
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = 9
|date = 3 January 2022
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = Odisha
|score = 4–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/43139-odisha-fc-vs-fc-goa Report]
|team2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|goals1 =
*[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]] {{goal|70||77}}
*[[Aridai Cabrera|Aridai]] {{goal|4}}
*[[Jonathas de Jesus|Jonathas]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2 =
*[[Ahmed Jahouh]] {{goal|11}}
*[[Igor Angulo]] {{goal|38}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 10
|date = <s>{{Start date|2022|1|5|df=y}}</s> {{Start date|2022|1|23|df=y}}
|time = 21:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/44275-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-odisha-fc Report]
|team2 = Odisha
|goals1 = [[Deepak Tangri|Tangri]] {{yel|64}} [[Subhasish Bose|Bose]] {{yel|79}}
|goals2 = [[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem|T Singh]] {{yel|31}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Hernández]] {{yel|54}}
|location = [[Fatorda]], [[Goa]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance = NA
|referee = Harish Kundu
|result = D
|note = The match was postponed due to a player testing COVID-19 positive on the matchday.
}}

==Personnel==
===Current technical staff===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head Coach
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Kiko Ramírez]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2021|title=Odisha FC appoints Francisco "Kiko" Ramírez González as Head Coach|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-appoints-francisco-kiko-ramirez-gonzalez-as-head-coach|website=OdishaFC.com|access-date=20 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720071025/https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-appoints-francisco-kiko-ramirez-gonzalez-as-head-coach |archive-date=20 July 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| Assistant Coach
| {{flagicon|ESP}} Kino Sanchez<ref name="Kino">{{Cite web|date=20 July 2021|title=Odisha FC ropes in Joaquín "Kino" García Sánchez as Assistant Coach and Head of Football Development|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/joaquin-kino-garcia-sanchez-as-assistant-coach-and-head-of-football-development|website=OdishaFC.com|access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Anshul Katiyar<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha FC ropes in Anshul Katiyar as Assistant Coach|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-ropes-in-anshul-katiyar-as-indian-assistant-coach|access-date=18 August 2021|website=OdishaFC.com|date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Goalkeeping Coach
| {{flagicon|ARG}} Manu Patricio<ref>{{cite news |title=Manu Patricio joins Odisha FC as Goalkeeping Coach|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/manu-patricio-joins-odisha-fc-as-goalkeeping-coach|access-date=7 November 2021|date=7 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Strength & Conditioning Coach
| {{flagicon|SPA}} José Mascarós Balaguer<ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha FC announces Strength and Conditioning Coach Jose Mascaros Balaguer|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-announces-strength-and-conditioning-coach-jose-mascaros-balaguer|website=OdishaFC.com|date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Team Doctor & Head of Medical Services
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Praveen Choudhary<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr Praveen Choudhary credits ISL management for ensuring safety of players and staff|url=https://odishafc.medium.com/dr-praveen-choudhary-credits-isl-management-for-ensuring-safety-of-players-and-staff-daaaab4dfe09|publisher=Medium.com|date=31 October 2020|access-date=31 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| Team Physiotherapists
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Firoz Shaikh<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha FC Head physios work hard to maintain player fitness in tough times|url=https://odishafc.medium.com/odisha-fc-physios-work-hard-to-maintain-player-fitness-in-tough-times-5a1c65b0299a|publisher=Medium.com|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Naved Hameed<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Odisha FC |author-link=Odisha FC |user=OdishaFC |number=1435672642221219843 |date=8 September 2021 |title=Can’t imagine a team without them🥺 We would like to wish our first team physiotherapists a very Happy World Physio Therapy Day! 🥼💜 #OdishaFC #AmaTeamAmaGame #ANewDawn https://t.co/bOHyYSAGvz |language=en |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909033709/https://twitter.com/OdishaFC/status/1435672642221219843 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Team Masseur
| {{flagicon|IND}} Bybu Ponnarassery Ravunny Thrissur<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Odisha FC |author-link=Odisha FC |user=OdishaFC |number=1403727263829479428 |date=12 June 2021 |title=Our Grassroots Manager, @suvam10_ofc_ explains the entirety of the OFC Digital Grassroots Academy. 👋🏻😊 Specially designed webinars, exciting prizes to be won at the end of each milestone and a lot more 🤯🔥 (1/2) https://t.co/dLt0TOYOmP |language=en |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612151328/https://twitter.com/OdishaFC/status/1403727263829479428 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Football Sport Management===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head of Football Operations
| {{flagicon|IND}} Abhik Chatterjee<ref>{{cite web |title=Stuart Baxter: There will be an emphasis on youth at Odisha FC |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-odisha-stuart-baxter-first-press-conference |website=khelnow.com|date=23 June 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Head of Global Football Operations
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
|-
| Technical Committee
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]<ref>{{cite tweet |user=OdishaFC|number=1390215488106500097|date=6 May 2021|title=David Villa}}</ref> {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Josep Gombau]]<ref name="JV">{{cite tweet |user=OdishaFC|number=1390215494083387394|date=6 May 2021|title=David Villa}}</ref> {{flagicon|ESP}} Victor Oñate<ref name="JV"/>
|-
|rowspan=2| Head of Football Development
| {{flagicon|ESP}} Kino Sanchez<ref name="Kino"/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Aakash Narula<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha FC promote five U-18 players to senior team|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-odisha-fc-u-18-players-promotion|publisher= KhelNow|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Odisha Reserves (U18) Coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sandeep Alhan<ref name="OScout">{{cite web|title=Odisha FC conducts youth team scouting in Bhubaneswar|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/odisha-fc-conducts-youth-team-scouting-in-bhubaneswar|publisher=[[Odisha FC]]|date=7 September 2021|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Odisha U15 Coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Amit Rana<ref name="OScout"/>
|-
| Odisha U13 Coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Kirti Kashyap<ref name="OScout"/>
|-
| Youth Teams Manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sayantan Ganguly<ref name="OScout"/>
|-
| Grassroots Manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Suvam Das<ref name="OScout"/>
|-
| Commercial Manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Yash Chugh<ref>{{cite web|title=OFC Community and Player Kit Partnership Program launched|url=https://www.odishafc.com/news/details/ofc-community-and-player-kit-partnership-program-launched|publisher=[[Odisha FC]]|date=26 August 2021|access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Media Manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Chiranjibi Pati<ref name="OScout"/>
|}

==Management==
===Board of directors===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| President
| {{flagicon|ENG}} Raj Athwal<ref name="RSh">{{cite web|title=Odisha FC announce Raj Athwal as new Club President|date=14 January 2021|url=https://odishafc.medium.com/odisha-fc-announce-raj-athwal-as-new-club-president-c48495147fda|access-date=27 January 2021|website=medium.com}}</ref>
|-
| Club Director
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ashok Bajaj<ref name="AshBaj">{{cite web|title=Odisha FC celebrate their first foundation day amidst the pandemic virtually|url=https://sportskindle.com/odisha-fc-celebrates-foundation-day/|publisher=SportsKindle|date=6 September 2020|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Club Advisor
| {{flagicon|USA}} Rohan Sharma<ref name="RSh"/>
|-
| Head of Sales & Marketing
| {{flagicon|IND}} Mayank Sharma<ref>{{cite web|title=T10 Sports becomes Odisha FC's Official Kit Partner|date=8 September 2020|url=https://medium.com/@OdishaFC/t10-sports-becomes-odisha-fcs-official-kit-partner-c659e51c6298|access-date=12 October 2020|website=medium.com}}</ref>
|-
| Head of Finance
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ajit Panda<ref name="AshBaj"/>
|}

==Statistics==
{{Updated|10 December 2021}}
===Appearances and goals===
{{Efs start|[[2021–22 Indian Super League|ISL]]}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=text-align:center| Goalkeepers
{{Efs player|no=1|name=[[Arshdeep Singh (footballer, born 1997)|Arshdeep Singh]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=23|name=[[Ravi Kumar (footballer)|Ravi Kumar]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=30|name=[[Kamaljit Singh]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|4+0|0}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=text-align:center| Defenders
|-
{{Efs player|no=2|name=[[Lalhrezuala Sailung]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=3|name=[[Víctor Mongil]]|pos=DF|nat=ESP|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=4|name=[[Héctor Rodas]]|pos=DF|nat=ESP|3+0|2}}
{{Efs player|no=13|name=[[Gaurav Bora]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|1+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=22|name=[[Hendry Antonay]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=27|name=[[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=36|name=[[Sahil Panwar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=39|name=[[Lalruatthara]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=55|name=Deven Sawhney|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
{{Efs player|no=8|name=[[Paul Ramfangzauva]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=10|name=[[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]|pos=MF|nat=ESP|4+0|3}}
{{Efs player|no=16|name=[[Vinit Rai]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|4+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=19|name=[[Isak Vanlalruatfela]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|1+2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=24|name=[[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=48|name=[[Issac Vanmalsawma]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|1+3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=92|name=[[Liridon Krasniqi]]|pos=MF|nat=MAS|2+2|0}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=text-align:center| Forwards
|-
{{Efs player|no=7|name=[[Aridai Cabrera]]|pos=FW|nat=ESP|2+2|3}}
{{Efs player|no=9|name=[[Jonathas de Jesus|Jonathas]]|pos=FW|nat=BRA|1+2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=11|name=[[Nanda Kumar]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|2+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=12|name=Akshunna Tyagi|pos=FW|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=14|name=[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=17|name=[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|3+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=21|name=Nikhil Raj|pos=FW|nat=IND|0+2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=77|name=CVL Remtluanga|pos=FW|nat=IND|0+0|0}}
|-
{{Efs end|s=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1499-odisha-fc-profile/squad Indian Super League]}}

===Goal scorers===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}
!width=150|Player
!width=80|ISL
!width=80|Total
|-
| rowspan=1|'''1'''
| 9
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| align=left| [[Jonathas de Jesus]]
| 8
|'''8'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''2'''
| 10
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| align=left| [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
| 6
|'''6'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''3'''
| 7
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| align=left| [[Aridai Cabrera]]
| 5
|'''5'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''4'''
| 17
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| 3
|'''3'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''5'''
| 4
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| align=left| [[Héctor Rodas]]
| 2
|'''2'''
|-
|rowspan=6|'''6'''
| 19
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Isak Vanlalruatfela]]
|rowspan=6| 1
|rowspan=6|'''1'''
|-
| 21
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| Nikhil Raj
|-
| 14
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]
|-
| 18
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Redeem Tlang]]
|-
| 11
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
|-
| 8
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Paul Ramfangzauva]]
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Total'''
| '''30'''
| '''30'''
|}
Source: [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1499-odisha-fc-profile/squad Indian Super League]

===Clean sheets===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}
!width=150|Player
!width=80|ISL
!width=80|Total
|-
|rowspan=1|'''1'''
|1
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Arshdeep Singh (footballer, born 1997)|Arshdeep Singh]]
|2
|'''2'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''2'''
|30
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Kamaljit Singh]]
|1
|'''1'''
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Total'''
| '''3'''
| '''3'''
|}
Source: [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1499-odisha-fc-profile/squad Indian Super League]

===Disciplinary record===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}
!rowspan="2"|Player
!colspan="2"|[[2019–20 Indian Super League|ISL]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
|-
|rowspan=1|1
| 24
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem]]
| 7
| 0
| 7
| 0
|-
|rowspan=1|2
| 39
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Lalruatthara]]
| 5
| 0
| 5
| 0
|-
|rowspan=1|3
| 22
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Hendry Antonay]]
| 4
| 0
| 4
| 0
|-
|rowspan=1|4
| 10
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
| 3
| 0
| 3
| 0
|-
|rowspan=7|5
| 9
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jonathas de Jesus]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| 27
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
|rowspan=6| 2
|rowspan=6| 0
|rowspan=6| 2
|rowspan=6| 0
|-
| 4
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Héctor Rodas]]
|-
| 92
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Liridon Krasniqi]]
|-
| 7
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Aridai Cabrera]]
|-
| 3
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Víctor Mongil]]
|-
| 48
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Isaac Vanmalsawma]]
|-
|rowspan=4|6
| 11
| [[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
|rowspan=4| 1
|rowspan=4| 0
|rowspan=4| 1
|rowspan=4| 0
|-
| 13
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Gaurav Bora]]
|-
| 36
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Sahil Panwar]]
|-
| 17
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|}
Source: [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1499-odisha-fc-profile/squad Indian Super League]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha FC}}
{{2021–22 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2021-22 Odisha FC season}}
[[Category:Odisha FC seasons]]
[[Category:2021–22 Indian Super League season by team|Odisha]]

5th Chhattisgarh Assembly

2025-09-07T14:41:05Z

MYRA: created initial details w/ refs

{{Short description|Legislature in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 5th Chhattisgarh Assembly
| before = [[4th Chhattisgarh Assembly|4th Assembly]]
| after = [[6th Chhattisgarh Assembly|6th Assembly]]
| image = [[File:Chhattisgarh legislative assembly May 2022.svg|300px]]
| image_size = 300
| caption =
| body = [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| election = [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Bhupesh Baghel ministry]]
| opposition = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start = 6 January 2019
| term_end = 6 January 2024
| website = 
| membership1 = 90
| control1 = [[Indian National Congress]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = Speaker
| chamber1_leader1 =
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|Leader of the House]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = Leader of the Opposition
| chamber1_leader4 = * [[Dharam Lal Kaushik]] (2019-2022)
* [[Narayan Chandel]]
}}

The '''Fifth Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh''' was constituted after the [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded in November 2018, with the results being declared on 11 December 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election dates for Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Telangana out, results on Dec 11 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-dates-for-rajasthan-madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh-mizoram-and-telangana-announced-1357271-2018-10-06 |accessdate=13 November 2018 |work=India Today |date=6 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The tenure of the fifth Chhattisgarh Assembly ended on 5 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of the Houses|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/terms_of_houses.aspx|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|accessdate=11 May 2018}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Constituency
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Alliance
! Remarks
|-
|1
|[[Bharatpur-Sonhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur-Sonhat]]
|Gulab Kamro
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|2
|[[Manendragarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Manendragarh]]
|Dr. Vinay Jaiswal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|3
|[[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Baikunthpur]]
|Ambika Singh Deo
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|4
|[[Premnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Premnagar]]
|Khel Sai Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|5
|[[Bhatgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatgaon]]
|[[Paras Nath Rajwade]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|6
|[[Pratappur (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pratappur]]
|Dr. Prem Sai Singh Tekam
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|7
|[[Ramanujganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ramanujganj]]
|Brihaspat Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|8
|[[Samri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Samri]]
|[[Chintamani Maharaj]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|9
|[[Lundra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lundra]]
|Dr. [[Pritam Ram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|10
|[[Ambikapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambikapur]]
|[[T. S. Singh Deo|Tribhuvaneshwar Sharan Singh Deo]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|11
|[[Sitapur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Sitapur]]
|[[Amarjeet Bhagat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|12
|[[Jashpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jashpur]]
|Vinay Kumar Bhagat
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|13
|[[Kunkuri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kunkuri]]
|Uttam Dhan Minj
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|14
|[[Pathalgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pathalgaon]]
|Rampukar Singh Thakur
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|15
|[[Lailunga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lailunga]]
|Chakradhar Singh Sidar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|16
|[[Raigarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]]
|Prakash Shakrajeet Naik
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|17
|[[Sarangarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarangarh]]
|Uttari Ganpat Jangde
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|18
|[[Kharsia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kharsia]]
|Umesh Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|19
|[[Dharamjaigarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharamjaigarh]]
|Laljeet Singh Rathia
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|20
|[[Rampur (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rampur]]
|[[Nanki Ram Kanwar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|21
|[[Korba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Korba]]
|[[Jai Singh Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|22
|[[Katghora (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katghora]]
|Purushottam Kanwar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|23
|[[Pali-Tanakhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pali-Tanakhar]]
|Mohit Ram
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|24
|[[Marwahi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Marwahi]]
|Dr. [[Krishna Kumar Dhruw]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|Won in 2020 bypoll necessitated after the death of [[Ajit Jogi]]
|-
|25
|[[Kota (Chhattisgarh) (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|[[Renu Jogi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}" |
|[[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|Others
|
|-
|26
|[[Lormi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lormi]]
|[[Dharmjeet Singh Thakur]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}" |
|[[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|Others
|
|-
|27
|[[Mungeli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mungeli]]
|[[Punnulal Mohle]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|28
|[[Takhatpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Takhatpur]]
|Rashmi Ashish Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|29
|[[Bilha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilha]]
|[[Dharam Lal Kaushik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|30
|[[Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
|Shailesh Pandey
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|31
|[[Beltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beltara]]
|Rajnish Kumar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|32
|[[Masturi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Masturi]]
|Dr. Krishna Moorti Bandhi
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|33
|[[Akaltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Akaltara]]
|[[Saurabh Singh (Chhattisgarh politician)|Saurabh Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|34
|[[Janjgir-Champa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]]
|[[Narayan Chandel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|35
|[[Sakti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sakti]]
|[[Charan Das Mahant]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|36
|[[Chandrapur (Chhattisgarh assembly constituency)|Chandrapur]]
|[[Ram Kumar Yadav (Indian politician)|Ram Kumar Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|37
|[[Jaijaipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaijaipur]]
|[[Keshaw Prasad Chandra|Keshav Prasad Chandra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|Others
|
|-
|38
|[[Pamgarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pamgarh]]
|Indu Banjare
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|Others
|
|-
|39
|[[Saraipali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saraipali]]
|Kismat Lal Nand
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|40
|[[Basna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Basna]]
|Devendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|41
|[[Khallari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khallari]]
|[[Dwarikadhish Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|42
|[[Mahasamund (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
|Vinod Sevan Lal Chandrakar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|43
|[[Bilaigarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaigarh]]
|Chandradev Prasad Rai
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|44
|[[Kasdol (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasdol]]
|Shakuntala Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|45
|[[Baloda Bazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baloda Bazar]]
|[[Pramod Kumar Sharma]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}" |
|[[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|Others
|
|-
|46
|[[Bhatapara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatapara]]
|Shivratan Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|47
|[[Dharsiwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharsiwa]]
|Anita Yogendra Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|48
|[[Raipur City Gramin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur City Gramin]]
|Satyanarayan Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|49
|[[Raipur City West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur City West]]
|[[Vikas Upadhyay]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|50
|[[Raipur City North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur City North]]
|Kuldeep Juneja
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|51
|[[Raipur City South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur City South]]
|[[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|52
|[[Arang (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arang]]
|[[Shivkumar Dahariya|Dr. Shivkumar Dahariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|53
|[[Abhanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhanpur]]
|[[Dhanendra Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|54
|[[Rajim (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Rajim]]
|[[Amitesh Shukla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|55
|[[Bindrawagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bindrawagarh]]
|[[Damarudhar Pujari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|56
|[[Sihawa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sihawa]]
|Dr. Lakshmi Dhruw
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|57
|[[Kurud (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurud]]
|[[Ajay Chandrakar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|58
|[[Dhamtari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhamtari]]
|Ranjana Dipendra Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|59
|[[Sanjari Balod (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sanjari-Balod]]
|Sangeeta Sinha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|60
|[[Daundi Lohara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Daundi Lohara]]
|[[Anila Bhediya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|61
|[[Gunderdehi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gunderdehi]]
|[[Kunwer Singh Nishad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|62
|[[Patan (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patan]]
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|63
|[[Durg Gramin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Durg Gramin]]
|[[Tamradhwaj Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|64
|[[Durg City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Durg City]]
|[[Arun Vora]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|65
|[[Bhilai Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhilai Nagar]]
|[[Devendra Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|66
|[[Vaishali Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vaishali Nagar]]
|Vidya Ratan Bhasin
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|67
|[[Ahiwara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ahiwara]]
|Guru Rudra Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|68
|[[Saja (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saja]]
|[[Ravindra Choubey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|69
|[[Bemetara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bemetara]]
|[[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|70
|[[Navagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Navagarh]]
|Gurudayal Singh Banjare
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|71
|[[Pandariya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandariya]]
|Mamta Chandrakar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|72
|[[Kawardha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kawardha]]
|[[Mohammad Akbar (politician)|Mohammad Akbar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|73
|[[Khairagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khairagarh]]
|[[Yashoda Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|Won in 2022 by-poll necessitated after the death of [[Devwrat Singh]].
|-
|74
|[[Dongargarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dongargarh]]
|Bhuneshwar Shobharam Baghel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|75
|[[Rajnandgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
|[[Dr. Raman Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|
|-
|76
|[[Dongargaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dongargaon]]
|Daleshwar Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|77
|[[Khujji (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khujji]]
|Chhanni Chandu Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|78
|[[Mohla-Manpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohla-Manpur]]
|Indrashah Mandavi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|79
|[[Antagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Antagarh]]
|Anoop Nag
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|80
|[[Bhanupratappur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhanupratappur]]
|[[Manoj Singh Mandavi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|81
|[[Kanker (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kanker]]
|Shishupal Shori
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|82
|[[Keshkal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Keshkal]]
|Sant Ram Netam
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|83
|[[Kondagaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kondagaon]]
|[[Mohan Markam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|84
|[[Narayanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Narayanpur]]
|Chandan Kashyap
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|85
|[[Bastar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
|Lakheshwar Baghel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|86
|[[Jagdalpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagdalpur]]
|Rekhchand Jain
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|87
|[[Chitrakot (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chitrakot]]
|Rajman Venjam
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|Won in 2019 bypoll necessitated after resignation by [[Deepak Baij]]
|-
|88
|[[Dantewada (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dantewada]]
|[[Devati Karma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|Won in 2019 bypoll necessitated after the death of [[Bhima Mandavi]]
|-
|89
|[[Bijapur (Chhattisgarh) (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]]
|Vikram Mandavi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|90
|[[Konta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Konta]]
|[[Kawasi Lakhma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Party name with color|United Progressive Alliance}}
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Terms of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023| ]]

Om Kumar

2025-08-19T00:48:04Z

MYRA: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Om Kumar
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Nehtaur (Assembly constituency)|Nehtaur]]
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]]
| term_start = March 2012
| term_end =
| predecessor = ''constituency created''
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|07|05}}
| birth_place = [[Bijnor district]], Uttar Pradesh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| citizenship = India
| nationality =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty =
| residence = [[Bijnor district]], Uttar Pradesh
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Businessperson, politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| blank3 =
| data3 =
| blank4 =
| data4 =
| blank5 =
| data5 = 
| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch =
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| rank =
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| military_blank1 =
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}}

'''Om Kumar''' is an Indian politician and he is a member of the 18th Legislative Assembly and has earlier been part of the 17th Legislative Assembly and [[16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|16th Assembly]] of Uttar Pradesh India. He represents the [[Nehtaur (Assembly constituency)|Nehtaur]] constituency of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] political party.<ref name=" Member Profile ">{{cite news|title= Member Profile|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|accessdate=11 November 2018|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/21.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=11 November 2018|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly Constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly Constituency|publisher=Elections.in|accessdate=11 November 2018|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nehtaur.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehtaur Election Result 2022 LIVE: Nehtaur MLA Election Result & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nehtaur-assembly-elections-up-21/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Om Kumar was born in [[Bijnor district]], Uttar Pradesh. He received education till [[Twelfth grade#India|twelfth grade]]. Om Kumar belongs to the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] category and belongs to the [[dalit]] community. Before being elected as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], he used to work as a businessperson.<ref name=" Member Profile "/>

==Political career==
Om Kumar has been a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for three-terms. He represents the [[Nehtaur (Assembly constituency)|Nehtaur]] constituency and is a member of the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] political party.<ref name=" Member Profile"/> In 2017 elections, he defeated his close [[Indian National Congress]] candidate '''Munnalal Premi''' by a margin of 23,151 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nehtaur.html|title=Nehtaur Election Results 2017
|work=elections.in|accessdate=11 November 2018}}</ref> In 2022 elections, he defeated his close [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] candidate '''Munsi Ram''' by a margin of 258 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehtaur Election Result 2022 LIVE: Nehtaur MLA Election Result & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nehtaur-assembly-elections-up-21/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 ||March 2012 || March 2017|| Member, [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
| 02 || March 2017||March 2022 || Member, [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
| 03 || March 2022|| Incumbent || Member, [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] ||
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Nehtaur (Assembly constituency)|Nehtaur]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Government of India]]
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Om}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor district]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]