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Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-08T10:09:57Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Madhubani
| state = [[Bihar]]
| constituency_no =
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| established = 1956
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = File:Ashok Kumar Yadav.jpg
| mp = [[Ashok Kumar Yadav]] {{Small|S/O : [[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]}}
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]], {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
}}
'''Madhubani''' is one of the 40 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Bihar]] state in eastern [[India]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly]] segments after reorganisation in 1976:<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
!colspan="2"| 2024 lead
|-
|31
|[[Harlakhi Assembly constituency|Harlakhi]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]]
|[[Sudhanshu Shekhar]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|32
|[[Benipatti Assembly constituency|Benipatti]]
|[[Vinod Narayan Jha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|35
|[[Bisfi Assembly constituency|Bisfi]]
|Asif Ahmad
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|36
|[[Madhubani Assembly constituency|Madhubani]]
|[[Madhav Anand]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}
|-
|86
|[[Keoti Assembly constituency|Keoti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]]
|[[Murari Mohan Jha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|87
|[[Jale Assembly constituency|Jale]]
|[[Jibesh Kumar|Jibesh Mishra]]
|}

Before 1976, Madhubani assembly segment formed part of eastern Lok Sabha constituency of the district of same name, but after 1976 the eastern Lok Sabha constituency was renamed as Jhanjharpur because Madhubani assembly segment was taken out of it to be merged into former Jainagar Lok Sabha constituency. Jainagar Lok Sabha constituency included western assembly segments of Madhubani district besides Jale assembly segment from Darbhanga district. After inclusion of Madhubani assembly segment, Jainagar Lok Sabha constituency was renamed as Madhubani and Ladania CD block and adjoining areas were taken out of it to be merged into newly formed Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency in order to compensate for the loss of Madhubani assembly segment. After this reorganisation, communist vote bank in the district was bifurcated and CPI had to face greater difficulties in winning the eastern Lok Sabha constituency of this district which was won by CPI candidate Bhogendra Jha in 1967 and 1971.

== Members of Parliament ==
Before reorganisation in 1976, the following members were elected to Madhubani seat which comprised eastern part of Madhubani district including the district headquarters:

*1952: [[Anirudha Sinha]], [[Indian National Congress]] (Darbhanga East seat)
*1957: [[Anirudha Sinha]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1962: [[Yogendra Jha]], [[Praja Socialist Party]]
*1967: [[Shiva Chandra Jha]], [[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
*1971: [[Jagannath Mishra]], [[Indian National Congress]]

After reorganisation in 1976, the following members were elected to Madhubani seat, which comprised western part of Madhubani district formerly known as Jainagar Lok Sabha constituency (the eastern constituency of the district renamed as Jhanjharpur in 1976):

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Shyam Nandan Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Yamuna Prasad Mandal]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhogendra Jha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Shafiqullah Ansari]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|1980^
|[[Bhogendra Jha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Abdul Hannan Ansari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhogendra Jha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Chaturanan Mishra]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Shakeel Ahmad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Shakeel Ahmad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Ashok Kumar Yadav|Ashok Yadav]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|-
|}

==Results ==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Madhubani, Bihar|Madhubani]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Madhubani">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Madhubani |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S046.htm |access-date=5 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805174353/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S046.htm |archive-date=5 August 2024}}</ref>
}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Yadav]]
|votes = 5,53,428
|percentage = 53.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatimi
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 401,483
|percentage = 39.05
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 20,719
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 151,945
|percentage = 14.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,28,128
|percentage = 53.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections|General Election, 2019]]: [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Yadav]]
|votes = 595,843
|percentage = 61.76
|change = {{increase}}20.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|candidate = [[Badri Kumar Purbey]]
|votes = 140,903
|percentage = 14.61
|change = {{increase}}14.61
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None Of The Above]]
|votes = 5,623
|percentage = 0.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 454,940
|percentage = 47.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 963,708
|percentage = 53.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Madhubani, Bihar|Madhubani]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf | title=General Election of India 2014, Constituencywise detail result|publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2015-09-21 |page=52}}</ref><ref name=web-arch-turnout>{{cite web|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm |publisher=ECI New Delhi |access-date=2015-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606003137/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2014 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav|Hukm Deo Narayan Yadav]]
|votes = 3,58,040
|percentage = 41.61
|change = +12.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Abdul Bari Siddiqui]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 3,37,505
|percentage = 39.22
|change = +11.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Prof. Ghulam Ghous
|votes = 56,392
|percentage = 6.55
|change = +6.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Kumari Rita
|votes = 30,942
|percentage = 3.60
|change = +3.60
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 18,937
|percentage = 2.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Hari Narayan Yadav
|votes = 10,115
|percentage = 1.18
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Neeraj Pathak
|votes = 9,718
|percentage = 1.13
|change = +1.13
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,535
|percentage = 2.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,60,453
|percentage = 52.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<ref name="election1957">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1957 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1962">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1962 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1967">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1967 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1971">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1971 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1977">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1999">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election2004">{{cite web |title=General Election 2004 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election2009">{{cite web |title=General Election 2009 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election2014">{{cite web |title=General Election 2014 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=General Election 2019 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Madhubani district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Darbhanga Division topics}}

{{coord|26.3|86.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Politics of Darbhanga district]]

Neyveli Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T18:38:10Z

MDPOliva97: made the stub more to come

{{Short description|One of the 234 Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 153
| map_image = Constitution-Neyveli.svg
| established = 2008
| district = [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Cuddalore Lok Sabha constituency|Cuddalore]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = [[R. Rajendran (AIADMK politician)|Sorathur R. Rajendran]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| name = Neyveli
| electors = 191,271
| reservation = None
}}

'''Neyveli''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], newly formed after [[Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Mangalore Assembly constituency]] was abolished in [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitations]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref> It is included in [[Cuddalore Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[M. P. S. Sivasubramaniyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Saba Rajendran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Sorathur R. Rajendran
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

== Electorate ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
! colspan="4" |Electors
! colspan="2" |Voters
|-
!Election
!Men
!Women
!Others
!Total
!Total
!Percentage
|-
|2011
|85,505
|80,594
|0
|1,66,099
|137411
|82.73%
|-
|2016
|1,01,533
|99,499
|8
|2,01,040
|159370
|79.27%
|-
|2021
|1,09,315
|1,09,332
|19
|2,18,666
|164458
|75.21%
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|37.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.80}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|34.10}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.63}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyveli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Sorathur R. Rajendran|party=AIADMK|votes=63,731|percentage=37.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Saba Rajendran]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=52,769 |percentage=31.26% |change=-14.54%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thirumalvalavan|party=Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi|votes=11,381 |percentage=6.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Veeramani |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=4,444 |percentage=2.63% |change=-2.11% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anand |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=34,291 |percentage=20.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=768 |percentage=0.46%|change=-0.16% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,962 |percentage=6.5% |change=+5.9%}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= 1,68,780|percentage=89.29% |change=+14.21%}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,024|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyveli<ref>{{cite web|title=Neyveli Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a153|access-date= 31 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Saba Rajendran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,177 |percentage=45.80% |change=+11.7 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jagan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=74,200 |percentage=45.21% |change=+32.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ramesh |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=7,785 |percentage=4.74% |change=+3.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Baktharatchagan |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,230 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,171 |percentage=0.71% |change=-0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ilangovan |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,011 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=977 |percentage=0.60% |change=-10.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=164,130 |percentage=75.08% |change= -4.13% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=328|percentage=0.20% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,603 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 11.70% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyveli<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Saba Rajendran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=54,299 |percentage=34.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajsekar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,508 |percentage=22.93% |change=-27.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Velmurugan]] |party=TVMK |votes=30,528 |percentage=19.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jagan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=19,749 |percentage=12.40% |change=-32.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Arumugman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,674 |percentage=7.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,710 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Kalaiselvan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,557 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,791 |percentage=11.17% |change=5.26% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=159,241 |percentage=79.21% |change= -3.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 201,040 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -16.54% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyveli<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. S. Sivasubramaniyan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,549 |percentage=50.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Velmurugan]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=61,431 |percentage=44.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Karpagam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,406 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Pandian |party=Independent politician |votes=1,273 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Lily |party=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |votes=1,232 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kumar |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=971 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Elangovan |party= Lok Janshakti Party |votes=576 |percentage=0.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Chandra |party= Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes=478 |percentage=0.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V.K Kumaraguru |party= Independent |votes=441 |percentage=0.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,118 |percentage=5.91% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,37,357 |percentage=82.70% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,66,099 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.54|79.48|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

High Commission of India, Dhaka

2026-05-02T20:24:27Z

MDPOliva97: new new entry

{{Short description|Diplomatic mission of the India to Bangladesh}}
{{Infobox diplomatic mission
| name = High Commission of India in Dhaka
| image =
| caption = Monogram of Indian High commission at Bangladesh
| location =
| address = Plot No: 1-3, Park Road, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212
| opened = {{Start date|1972}}
| coordinates =
| jurisdiction = [[Bangladesh]]
| high_commissioner = [[Dinesh Trivedi]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Bhat | first=Vinita | title=India Appoints Dinesh Trivedi As High Commissioner To Bangladesh Amid Strategic Reset | website=ABP Live | date=2026-04-19 | url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india-appoints-dinesh-trivedi-as-high-commissioner-to-bangladesh-amid-strategic-reset-1837442 | access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref>
| URL = [https://www.mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?20/20/High_Commission_of_India Embassy of India, Dhaka]
}}
The '''High Commission of India in Dhaka''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of the [[Republic of India]] to [[Bangladesh]]. It is headed by the High Commissioner of India to Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, Bangladesh |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217214500/https://hcidhaka.gov.in/ |archive-date=2025-12-17 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=hcidhaka.gov.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> The current High Commissioner is [[Dinesh Trivedi]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Why Dinesh Trivedi's Appointment As Bangladesh Envoy Is Unusual Explained | website=News18 | date=2026-04-20 | url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/why-dinesh-trivedis-appointment-as-bangladesh-envoy-is-unusual-explained-ws-kl-10044887.html | access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref>

==History==
India formally recognized Bangladesh as an independent state on 6 December 1971, becoming one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with the newly independent country.<ref>{{cite web |title=India-Bangladesh Maitri Diwas |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34570/IndiaBangladesh_Maitri_Diwas |website=Ministry of External Affairs |publisher=Government of India |date=2 December 2021 |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> The High Commission of India in Dhaka was established in 1972 and has since served as India's principal diplomatic mission in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=High Commission of India, Dhaka |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/ |website=High Commission of India, Dhaka |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

Since its establishment, the mission has played a central role in managing India–Bangladesh relations, including cooperation in trade, connectivity, border management, water-sharing, energy, defense, and development partnership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, Bangladesh |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/ |website=High Commission of India, Dhaka |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

In June 2015, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] virtually inaugurated the newly built chancery complex during [[List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi#2015|his state visit to Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Modi opens chancery of Indian High Commission in Dhaka |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-others/102617/modi-opens-chancery-of-indian-high-commission |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=7 June 2015 |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> The chancery complex was formally inaugurated by [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs Minister]] [[Sushma Swaraj]] on 23 October 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sushma Swaraj inaugurates Chancery Complex, 15 more development projects |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/128777/sushma-swaraj-inaugurates-chancery-complex-15 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=23 October 2017 |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

==Premises==
The High Commission is located at Plot No. 1–3, Park Road, in the [[Baridhara]] Diplomatic Enclave of Dhaka.<ref>{{cite web |title=High Commission address and map |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/speeche?id=eyJpdiI6ImVEaGNcL2pqK0R4WFwvSVZOUzhCUGhJZz09IiwidmFsdWUiOiJiRnQrRng0anpCUHBUU1NDcVpnbnhnPT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxY2JkMTIzZjc1OTZjOWMxNTA1YzM3OTU2MTc0MzEyZDU4M2VjMGUzMDFjZDllM2EyNGYwYWJlMjcxNjgxYjA3In0%3D |website=High Commission of India, Dhaka |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> The mission houses the chancery, consular, economic, political, cultural, and development partnership wings.

==Functions==
The High Commission represents the Government of India in Bangladesh and is responsible for diplomatic engagement, consular services, visa processing, protection of Indian nationals, and promotion of bilateral trade, investment, and cultural ties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, Bangladesh |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/ |website=High Commission of India, Dhaka |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

The mission also coordinates India's development assistance to Bangladesh, including grant projects, Lines of Credit, scholarships, and technical cooperation programmes.<ref>{{cite web |title=India-Bangladesh Relations |url=https://hcidhaka.gov.in/page/bilateral-relations/ |website=High Commission of India, Dhaka |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

==Assistant High Commissions==
In addition to its mission in Dhaka, India maintains four Assistant High Commissions in Bangladesh, located in Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of high commissioners of India to Bangladesh |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_high_commissioners_of_India_to_Bangladesh |website=Wikipedia |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India evacuates non-essential staff from its embassy, consulates in Bangladesh |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/india-evacuates-non-essential-staff-its-embassy-consulates-bangladesh-indian-2024-08-07/ |work=Reuters |date=7 August 2024 |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

These missions extend consular outreach and facilitate regional diplomatic engagement in their respective jurisdictions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assistant High Commission of India, Chittagong |url=https://ahcichittagong.gov.in/ |website=Assistant High Commission of India, Chittagong |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

===Locations===
* [[Chattogram]] – Assistant High Commission of India
* [[Khulna]] – Assistant High Commission of India
* [[Rajshahi]] – Assistant High Commission of India
* [[Sylhet]] – Assistant High Commission of India

==Cultural diplomacy==
The High Commission promotes cultural relations between India and Bangladesh through the [[Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre]], Dhaka, which functions under the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR).<ref>{{cite web |title=Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre, Dhaka |url=https://iccr.gov.in/indianculturalcenter/indira-gandhi-cultural-centre-dhaka-bangladesh |website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

ICCR has been active in Bangladesh since 2010. A new Indian Cultural Centre building at the High Commission premises was inaugurated by External Affairs Minister [[S. Jaishankar]] on 4 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=EAM Dr. Jaishankar inaugurates new Cultural Centre at High Commission of India, Dhaka |url=https://ddinews.gov.in/international/eam-dr-jaishankar-inaugurates-new-cultural-centre-high-commission-india-dhaka |website=DD News |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

The centre organises events related to Indian classical music, dance, yoga, Hindi language instruction, film screenings, and academic exchanges.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre, Dhaka |url=https://iccr.gov.in/indianculturalcenter/indira-gandhi-cultural-centre-dhaka-bangladesh |website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref>

==List of High Commissioners==
{{main|List of high commissioners of India to Bangladesh}}

The High Commissioner of India to Bangladesh is the head of the mission. The inaugural High Commissioner was [[Subimal Dutt]], while the incumbent is [[Pranay Kumar Verma]], who assumed office in July 2022. He is decided to be succeeded by [[Dinesh Trivedi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Dinesh Trivedi appointed as the next High Commissioner of India to the People's Republic of Bangladesh |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/41085 |website=mea.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |access-date=2 May 2026}}</ref>

In April 2026, [[Dinesh Trivedi]] was appointed as the High Commissioner to Bangladesh, succeeding Ambassador [[Pranay Kumar Verma]]. His appointment to Dhaka came at a time when both India and Bangladesh are looking at repairing the bilateral ties that came under strain during the tenure of [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|interim government of Muhammad Yunus]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dinesh Trivedi appointed India's next Envoy to Dhaka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dinesh-trivedi-appointed-indias-next-envoy-to-dhaka/article70912160.ece |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |date=27 April 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He was appointed as India's envoy, breaking a decades-long tradition of appointing [[Indian Foreign Service|career diplomats]] in this role, due to his deep roots in [[West Bengal]] and familiarity with [[Bangladesh–India border|cross-border issues]], which are viewed as key assets for stabilizing relations during a delicate political period in Dhaka.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Manjiri |title=Why Dinesh Trivedi’s Appointment As Bangladesh Envoy Is Unusual Explained |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/why-dinesh-trivedis-appointment-as-bangladesh-envoy-is-unusual-explained-ws-kl-10044887.html |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=News18}}</ref>

== Anti India movement ==
Following the [[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|resignation of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina]] the anti India protest grew rapidly in Bangladesh. Sheikh Hasina was fled to India right after the resignation. She was accused for mass killing during [[July Uprising]]. According to Prisoner exchange agreement with India and Bangladesh, Bangladesh Government formally asked to handover her. Despite the government effort of Bangladesh, the Indian government did not gave any reply. Within the timeframe, sentiments against India and Indian's aggression in Bangladeshi internal affairs grew rapidly which caused to various Bangladeshi political group launch an attacking Indian diplomatic mission in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Protests at Indian high commission in Dhaka: Insulate India-Bangladesh ties from short-term politics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/protests-at-indian-high-commission-in-dhaka-insulate-india-bangladesh-ties-from-short-term-politics-10427734/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ডেস্ক |first=ভিডিও |date=2025-12-17 |title=ভারতীয় দূতাবাস ঘেরাও কর্মসূচি আটকেছে পুলিশ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/video/bangladesh/m3phtelk54 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=সংবাদপত্রের কার্যালয়ে হামলা: ন্যায় বিচারের আশ্বাস সরকারের – DW – 19.12.2025 |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0/live-75155433 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=dw.com |language=bn}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bangladesh–India relations]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Bangladesh]]
* [[High Commission of Bangladesh, New Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ambassadors of India}}
{{Diplomatic missions in Bangladesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Dhaka|India]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions of India|Dhaka]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in India]]

Chandra Pant

2026-04-19T01:58:46Z

MDPOliva97: done - done

{{Short description|Indian politician and former teacher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandra Pant
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|15 January 1968|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pithoragarh]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Pithoragarh]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2022
| predecessor = [[Prakash Pant]]
| successor = [[Mayukh Mahar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| spouse = [[Prakash Pant]] (m.1989; died 2019)
| children =
| father =
| website =
| education = [[M.A.]] and [[B.Sc]] from [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]]
| profession = Teacher and politician
| alma_mater =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Chandra Pant''' (born, 15 January 1968) is an Indian politician who served as Member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Pithoragarh]] from 2019 till 2022. She was elected in the [[2019 elections in India|by-election in 2019]] as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate. By-election was held due to death of her husband, [[Prakash Pant]]. She lost in [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] to [[Mayukh Mahar]].
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/uttarakhand2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=731|title=Chandra Pant(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PITHORAGARH : BYE ELECTION ON 25-11-2019(PITHORAGARH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=myneta.info|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-uttarakhand-bypoll-contesting-from-her-late-husbands-seat-bjps-chandra-pant-retains-pithoragarh/343232|title=Uttarakhand Bypoll: Contesting From Her Late Husband's Seat, BJP's Chandra Pant Retains Pithoragarh|last=|first=|date=|website=www.outlookindia.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128232452/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-uttarakhand-bypoll-contesting-from-her-late-husbands-seat-bjps-chandra-pant-retains-pithoragarh/343232 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/nov/28/uttarakhand-bypolls-bjps-chandra-pant-wins-in-pithoragarh-assembly-seat-2068429.html|title=Uttarakhand bypolls: BJP's Chandra Pant wins in Pithoragarh Assembly seat|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/mla-from-pithoragarh-chandra-pant-takes-oath.html|title=MLA from Pithoragarh Chandra Pant takes oath|last=Pioneer|first=The|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/uttarakhand2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=83|title=Chandra Pant(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):PITHORAGARH(PITHORAGARH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=myneta.info|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pithoragarh Election Result 2022 LIVE: Pithoragarh MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/pithoragarh-assembly-elections-uk-44/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Assembly Election Results 2022 Live Updates: Pithoragarh में INC ने BJP को हराया|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/pithoragarh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-uttarakhand-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-winner-loser-news-in-hindi-1425542-2022-03-10 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=www.ajtak.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== Education ==
She is a post graduate and holds a degree of [[M.A.]] from [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]] and also a degree of [[B.Sc]]. Before entering politics, she was a teacher.

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]||[[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Lost}}||38.84%||[[Mayukh Mahar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||47.48%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 elections in India#Uttarakhand|2019 By-election]]||[[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||52.44%||Anju Lunthi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||45.88%||0
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pant, Chandra}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Pithoragarh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]

{{Uttarakhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Valasamgari Bhavani

2026-04-17T07:25:48Z

MDPOliva97: new a article - done

{{orphan|date=September 2024}}
{{Short description|Indian track and field Para Athlete}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2024}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Valasamgari Bhavani
| image = Bhavani V.jpg
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[High school graduate|Graduate]]
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Track & Field]]
| disability = Right Upper Limb - Post Traumatic Amputation
| disability_class = T-46
| event = [[100m]], [[200m]], [[Long jump]], [[Shot Put]]
| coach = Zaseem
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's athletics}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[New Delhi 2026 World Para Athletics Grand Prix]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[New Delhi]]|100m}}
{{MedalGold|[[New Delhi]]|200m}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Athletics Grand Prix]] 2026}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Dubai]]|100m}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Dubai]]|200m}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Athletics Grand Prix]] 2025}}
{{MedalGold|[[Olomouc, Czech Republic]]|100m}}
{{MedalGold|[[Olomouc, Czech Republic]]|200m}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Abilitysport Games]] 2023}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand]]|100m}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand]]|Shot Put}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Khelo India Para Games]] 2025}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Delhi]]|100m}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Delhi]]|Long Jump}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Khelo India Para Games]] 2023}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Delhi]]|100m}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Delhi]]|200m}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Delhi]]|Long Jump}}
}}
'''Valasamgari Bhavani'''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=volireAIfSg |title=Bhavani of Muthukuru {{!}} Defies Fate to Shine in Athletics {{!}} Bags Several Medals in Long Jump {{!}}{{!}} Yuva |date=2024-10-23 |last=ETV Andhra Pradesh |access-date=2024-10-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-ZKbE_LqGk |title=Talent Show // V. Bhavani - International Para Athletic |date=2024-09-08 |last=Act City Nellnore |access-date=2024-10-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref> is an Indian [[track and field]] [[Para-athletics|Para Athlete]] from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Paralympic Committee of |date=2024-03-27 |title=Celebrating Excellence - 6th Indian Open Para Athletics International Championship |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/celebrating-excellence-6th-indian-open-para-athletics-international-championship |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Paralympic Committee of India |language=en}}</ref> Bhavani was born in [[Nellore district|SPSR Nellore District]]. She represents India in the Women's [[100 metres|100m]], [[200 metres|200m]], [[long jump]] and [[shot put]] events.

== Childhood and early life ==
Valasamgari Bhavani was born in a poor family in Muttukur village of SPSR Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. Her father, Chandraiah died in 2009 and her mother, Bujjamma is a housewife. In her childhood days, she played [[Kho kho|Kho Kho]] and [[Kabaddi]] and dreamt of becoming a sprinter as it is supported by her father. In 2009, climbing on a water tanker truck she accidentally touched a live electric cable, in which her right arm incurred significant damage and also her father who tried to protect her from electric shock was died on spot. She received medical attention but the doctors amputated her right arm. After that with the support of her mother and her coach, Zaseem, SAAP coach started her athletic training.

== Career ==
In her initial days of training, it took over twenty seconds to finish 100m race. She trained under Coach Sk. Zaseem, to improve skills in sprinting as she is still training only in the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh. Bhavani won her first national medal in 19th Indian national para athletics, 2021 at Bengaluru and her first Indian ranking medal in 4th Indian Open National Para-Athletics Championships. She won bronze medals in both 100m sprint and shot put under T-46 category at [[World Abilitysport Games|2023 World Abilitysport Games]], [[Nakhon Ratchasima]], Thailand. Later, on the encouragement of G. Venkateshwara Rao, President and V. Ramaswamy, General Secretary to the AP Para Sports Association she achieved several in Para Athletic events.

A knee injury prevented her from participating in Para Athletics for a few months, but she later recovered. Later, she switched to a synthetic race track in Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur for improved athletic training. After two years of training in ANU, Guntur, she returned to AC Subbareddy Stadium, Nellore.
[[File:Medal ceremony of Bhavani.jpg|left|thumb|268x268px|Bhavani won the gold medal in the World Para Athletics Grandprix, 2025]]

In the World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2025 she won the Gold Medal in both the 100m and 200m events.

In the year 2026, she got Silver Medal and Bronze Medal in the events, 200m run and 100m run respectively in World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2026, Dubai <ref>{{Cite web |title=LaIVE - Dubai 17th International Open Athletics Meeting / Grand Prix 10.02.2026-13.02.2026 |url=https://team-thomas.org/_erg26/Dubai/?sub=e-51-121-k.htm |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=team-thomas.org}}</ref> and got Gold Medal in 200m and Bronze Medal in the 100m New Delhi 2026 World Para Athletics Grand Prix.

== Achievements ==

=== New Delhi 2026 World Para Athletics Grand Prix<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Delhi World Para Athletics Grand Prix, 2026 result book |url=https://www.paralympicindia.com/assets/wpa-grand-prix-2026-results/new-delhi-2026-wpa-grand-prix-result-book.pdf}}</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result
|-
|2026
|New Delhi
|100m
|T46
|Bronze
|-
|2026
|New Delhi
|200m
|T46
|Gold
|}

=== World Para Athletics Grand Prix, Dubai<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai World Para Grandprix Athletics,2026 result book |url=https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/Results_Dubai%202026%20WPA%20GP.pdf?_gl=1*1czzcim*_up*MQ..*_ga*NDcwMjM3MDQxLjE3NzY0MTA0ODQ.*_ga_EFXW45ME1V*czE3NzY0MTA0ODMkbzEkZzAkdDE3NzY0MTA0ODMkajYwJGwwJGg5NDAwNTIxOTc. |url-status=live}}</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result
|-
|2026
|Dubai
|100m
|T46
|Bronze
|-
|2026
|Dubai
|200m
|T46
|Silver
|}

=== World Para Athletics Grand Prix, Czech Republic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech Republic Women's World Para Grandprix,2025 results |url=https://grandprixolomouc.eoscms.cz/upload/dokumenty/olomouc-wpa-womens-grand-prix-results-book-compressed.pdf}}</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result
|-
|2025
|[[Olomouc]], [[Czech Republic]]
|100m
|T46
|Gold
|-
|2025
|[[Olomouc]], [[Czech Republic]]
|200m
|T46
|Gold
|}

=== 7th Indian Open Para - Athletics International Championship ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2025
|Bengaluru
|100m
|T46
|Silver
|-
|2025
|Bengaluru
|200m
|T46
|Silver
|}

=== 6th Indian Open Para Athletics International Championships ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=6th Indian Open Para Athletics International Championships, 2024 results |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/result-book-6th-indian-open-para-athletics-international-championships-2024-bengaluru }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|Bengaluru
|100m
|T35/44/46/47/62
|Bronze
|-
|2024
|Bengaluru
|long Jump
|T20/44/46
|Bronze
|}

=== [[World Abilitysport Games]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Abilitysport Games, 2023 results |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Results-of-2023-World-Abilitysport-Games.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
|100m
|T42/46/62
|Bronze
|-
|2023
|Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
|shot put
|F46
|Bronze
|}

=== [[Khelo India Para Games]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khelo India Para Athletics, 2023 results |url=https://para.kheloindia.gov.in/public/assets/landing_new/merit_certificate.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khelo India Para Games, 2023 results |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/khelo-india-para-athletics-result-book-2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khelo India Para Games, 2023 Participants list |url=https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/PARA%20Games%20Participation%202023.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|Delhi
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Silver
|-
|2025
|Delhi
|Long Jump
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2023
|Delhi
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2023
|Delhi
|200m
|T45/46/47
|Silver
|-
|2023
|Delhi
|Long Jump
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|}

=== 5th Indian Open Para Athletics International Championship ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOPAC 2023, Bengaluru - Result Book - Paralympic India |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/new/iopac-2023-bengaluru-result-book-pdf |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.paralympicindia.org.in}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Bengaluru
|100m
|T46
|Silver
|}

=== 4th Indian Open National Para-Athletics Championships ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Results - Indian Open Para Athletics Championship 2022 Bengaluru - Paralympic India |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/new/final-results-indian-open-para-athletics-championship-2022-bengaluru |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.paralympicindia.org.in}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Bengaluru
|200m
|T11/12/35/46/47
|Bronze
|}

=== National Para Athletic Championships ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Venue
!Event
!Category
!Result
|-
|2026
|Bhubaneswar
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2025
|Chennai
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2025
|Chennai
|Long Jump
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2024
|Goa
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Silver<ref>{{Cite web |title=22nd National Para Athletics Championships results |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/results-national-para-athletics-championships-2024}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|Goa
|Long Jump
|T45/46/47
|Silver
|-
|2023
|Pune
|100m
|T45/46/47
|Silver<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results - 21st National Para Athletics - Paralympic India |url=https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/new/results-21st-national-para-athletics |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.paralympicindia.org.in}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Pune
|200m
|T45/46/47
|Bronze
|-
|2021
|Bengaluru
|100m
|T46
|Silver
|-
|2021
|Bengaluru
|200m
|T46
|Bronze
|-
|2021
|Bengaluru
|Shot Put
|T46
|Silver
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Paralympic shot putters]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Indian women shot putters]]
[[Category:Indian women long jumpers]]
[[Category:Paralympic long jumpers]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]
[[Category:Paralympic sprinters]]
[[Category:Women from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Nellore district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Cyclone Jawad

2026-04-17T07:11:15Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Short description|North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Cyclonic Storm Jawad
| image = Jawad 2021-12-03 0734Z.jpg
| caption = Cyclonic Storm Jawad before making landfall in India on 3 December
| formed = 2 December 2021
| dissipated = 5 December 2021
}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 40
| pressure = 1000
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 35
| pressure = 1000
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2021
| fatalities = 2 total
| damage = 50350000
| areas = [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]])
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
'''Cyclonic Storm Jawad'''{{efn|The name ''Jawad'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: جواد, [[Help:IPA/Arabic|[d͡ʒawaːd]]]) was contributed by [[Saudi Arabia]] and is a masculine given name meaning "generous" in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref name="The Free Press Journal">{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/cyclone-jawad-how-did-it-get-its-name|title=Cyclone Jawad: How did it get its name?|website=www.freepressjournal.in|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203133558/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/cyclone-jawad-how-did-it-get-its-name|url-status=live}}</ref>}} was a relatively weak [[tropical cyclone]] whose remnants brought heavy rainfall over [[East India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. The tenth depression, sixth deep depression and fifth cyclonic storm of the active [[2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]], its predecessor was first tracked by [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) in the [[South China Sea]] as an [[low-pressure area|area of low pressure]]. It then moved west-northwestwards into the Gulf of Thailand, where it crossed into the Andaman Sea by 1 December. Near midnight of that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system and on the next day, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) upgraded the system to a depression after passing through the [[Nicobar Islands]]. Further intensification ensued as the depression tracked through environmental conditions favorable for strengthening, and the system was upgraded into a deep depression on 3 December and into a cyclonic storm by 06:00 UTC that day, with the IMD naming it ''Jawad''. However, this intensification was short-lived, as the system weakened to a deep depression back due to wind shear.

Widespread preparations were conducted due to Jawad. School and train operations were disrupted and canceled, and disaster teams were deployed in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha for the storm. Individuals living in coastal areas were evacuated, including over 54,000 people in the former state. Essential stocks were also prepared for possible emergencies, as well as disaster relief. Two fatalities associated with the system were confirmed, both in Srikakulam. Both teenagers were crushed to their deaths by falling coconut trees.

== Meteorological history ==
{{storm path|Jawad 2021 track.png}}
At 06:00 UTC on 30 November, the JTWC started to monitor an area of convection in their weather advisory at that time, with them designating this system as "Invest 94W" over the [[South China Sea]] halfway between the island of [[Borneo]] and [[Vietnam]], located about {{cvt|251|nmi}} to [[Ho Chi Minh City]]'s south-southeast.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=November 28, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|type=|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|archive-date=November 28, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-11-28-0630-abpwweb.txt Alt URL]</ref> Twelve hours later, the JMA would note this system as a west-northwestward moving low-pressure area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20211128/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD281800_C_RJT|title=JMA Warning and Summary 281800|publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]|location=Tokyo, Japan|date=November 28, 2021|access-date=November 29, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211129023841/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20211128/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD281800_C_RJTD_20211128201603_85.txt|archive-date=November 29, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> It then moved over the [[Andaman Sea]] from the [[Gulf of Thailand]]. Located about {{convert|131|nmi}} to the north-northwest of [[Phuket Island]] in [[Thailand]], the agency analysed a low-level circulation along with its sprawling convection, while taking a west-northwestward track across the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. They also evaluated the environment around the storm as "favorable", with strong [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], {{convert|29-30|C}} [[sea surface temperatures]] and moderate [[wind shear]].<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=November 30, 2021|type=|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 301800Z November-011800Z December 2021|archive-date=November 30, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-11-30-1830-abioweb.txt Alt URL]</ref> Meanwhile, the IMD had already started to monitor this low-pressure area earlier at 03:00 UTC (8:30 IST), while it was located over southern Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad may form on Friday: IMD|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-likely-to-form-impact-east-coast-on-december-4-101638270392873.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 3, 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201225533/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-likely-to-form-impact-east-coast-on-december-4-101638270392873.html}}</ref> Nevertheless, it moved over the [[Nicobar Islands]] and into the [[Bay of Bengal]] around 1 December, with the IMD also upgrading the system to a well-marked low-pressure on that day.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 1, 2021|type=|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued 010900Z-011800Z December 2021|archive-date=December 1, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-12-01-0840-abioweb.txt Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: What we know so far about its formation and movement path|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-what-we-know-so-far-about-its-formation-and-movement-path-101638442023713.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 3, 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203031108/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-what-we-know-so-far-about-its-formation-and-movement-path-101638442023713.html}}</ref> However, moderate [[wind shear]] had displaced the system's convection to the northwest by 18:00 UTC that day.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 1, 2021|type=|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 011800Z-021800Z December 2021|archive-date=December 1, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-12-01-1820-abioweb.txt Alt URL]</ref> Shortly before that midnight, the JTWC issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] (TCFA) on the system, as numerical guidance forecast models revealed further strengthening of the storm.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 2, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=94W|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9421web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9421web.txt|archive-date=December 2, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-12-02-0230-wp9421web.txt Alt URL]</ref> On the next day, the low-pressure system turned to the northwest, before the IMD upgraded the storm into a depression, with the agency designating the storm as "BOB 07" at 12:00 UTC.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 2, 2021|type=|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued 020330Z-021800Z December 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-12-02-0250-abioweb.txt Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/2__SPECIAL_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_1800_UTC_of_02_12_2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean at 21:00 UTC of 12.02.2021 based on 18:00 UTC of 12.02.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 2, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203013213/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/2__SPECIAL_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_1800_UTC_of_02_12_2021.pdf|archive-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref>

At 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST), the IMD further upgraded the system to a deep depression, as a Dvorak number of T 2.0 calculated for the system, indicating further organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_2b1432_3.%20SPECIAL%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean, issued at 03:00 UTC of 03.12.2021 based on 00:00 UTC of 03.12.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=Shobit Katiyar|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203060532/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_2b1432_3.%20SPECIAL%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|archive-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref> Meanwhile, the JTWC designated the system as "Tropical Cyclone 05B" at the same time, as another Dvorak fix revealed a wind speed of {{convert|35|knots}}.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|type=prog|no=1|category=TC|designation=05B|name=Five|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0521prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0521prog.txt|archive-date=December 3, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-12-03-0220-io0521prog.txt Alt URL]</ref> The deep depression took a west-northwestward track again, and approximately three hours later, the system strengthened into a cyclonic storm, with the IMD naming it ''Jawad'', the fifth name from the naming lists of the [[2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|annual cyclone season]], which was submitted by [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_4fdf76_5.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.1%20based%20on%200600%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclone Advisory No. 1 for Cyclonic Storm Jawad, issued at 09:15 UTC of 03.12.2021 based on 06:00 UTC of 03.12.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203120012/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_4fdf76_5.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.1%20based%20on%200600%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|archive-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref><ref name="name 1">{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/tc-names.pdf|title=Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=|publisher=India Meteorological Department|location=New, Delhi|date=|access-date=September 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903132359/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/tc-names.pdf|archive-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> which means "generous" or "merciful" in Arabic.<ref name="The Free Press Journal">{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/cyclone-jawad-how-did-it-get-its-name|title=Cyclone Jawad: How did it get its name?|website=www.freepressjournal.in|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203133558/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/cyclone-jawad-how-did-it-get-its-name|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_4fdf76_5.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.1%20based%20on%200600%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclone Advisory No. 1 for Cyclonic Storm Jawad, issued at 09:15 UTC of 03.12.2021 based on 06:00 UTC of 03.12.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203120012/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_4fdf76_5.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.1%20based%20on%200600%20UTC%20of%20%2003.12.2021.pdf|archive-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/tc-names.pdf|title=Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=|publisher=India Meteorological Department|location=New, Delhi|date=|access-date=September 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903132359/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/tc-names.pdf|archive-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> However, starting at 12:00 UTC, Jawad began to slow down, while retaining its organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_f9498b_11.%20National_Bulletin_20211204_0000UTC.pdf|title=Cyclonic Storm 'JAWAD' over westcentral Bay of Bengal: Cyclone Warning for north Andhra Pradesh and Odisha coasts – Orange Message.|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=DR Pattanaik|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 4, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204054308/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_f9498b_11.%20National_Bulletin_20211204_0000UTC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Possibly due to decreasing sea surface temperatures along the storm's track with unfavorable wind shear, Jawad lost its organization and the IMD downgraded the storm back into a deep depression by 12:00 UTC of 4 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/16__Special_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_1800_UTC_of_04_12_2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean, issued at 20:30 UTC of 04.12.2021 based on 18:00 UTC of 04.12.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=Ananda Kumar Das|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 4, 2021|access-date=December 5, 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205070551/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/16__Special_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_1800_UTC_of_04_12_2021.pdf}}</ref> This same reasoning was also used by the JTWC in the agency's final warning on the system, three hours earlier.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=December 4, 2021|access-date=December 5, 2021|type=warn|no=6|category=TC|designation=05B|name=Jawad|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0521prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0521prog.txt|archive-date=December 4, 2021}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-12-04-0840-io0521web.txt Alt URL]</ref> At the same time by the next day, Jawad was further downgraded into a depression as it started to make a northwestward move, and by 6 December at 00:00 UTC, the system further degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure over the northwest Bay of Bengal without making landfall; its convection moved inland over West Bengal and [[Bangladesh]], however.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/23__Special_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_0000_UTC_of_06_12_2021_(1).pdf|title=Depression (Remnant of Cyclonic Storm 'Jawad') Weakened Into Well-Marked Low Pressure Over Northwest Bay of Bengal and Adjoining West Bengal and Bangladesh Coasts|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in|author=RK Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=December 6, 2021|access-date=December 6, 2021|archive-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206025341/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/23__Special_Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_0000_UTC_of_06_12_2021_%281%29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Preparations ==
=== Andhra Pradesh and Odisha ===
The state of Odisha was forecasted to brunt the most impacts from Jawad, according to the IMD. Winds of {{convert|70|to|80|km/h}} were first seen to slash the region along with heavy rainfall.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad: Extremely heavy rainfall likely in Odisha|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/cyclone-jawad-landfall-may-or-not-be-in-odisha/articleshow/88054050.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|author=Ashok Pradhan|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202141837/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/cyclone-jawad-landfall-may-or-not-be-in-odisha/articleshow/88054050.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Several train operations of [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]], [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]] and [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]] were also canceled as a precaution of the brewing cyclone.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad: Trains cancelled|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled/articleshow/88055907.cms|author=V Ayyappan|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202155107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled/articleshow/88055907.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Karnataka: Cyclone Jawad to hit train services|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Bengaluru, Karnataka|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cyclone-jawad-to-hit-train-services/articleshow/88060690.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cyclone-jawad-to-hit-train-services/articleshow/88060690.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad: Trains cancelled on Dec 3 & 4|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Ranchi, Jharkhand|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled-on-dec-3-4/articleshow/88058234.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled-on-dec-3-4/articleshow/88058234.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As the precursor of the cyclone developed into a depression, orange and red rainfall alert was placed for the coastal areas of northern Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Orange' alert for north coastal Andhra Pradesh|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/orange-alert-for-north-coastal-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/88058965.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|author=Nalla Babu|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203063138/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/orange-alert-for-north-coastal-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/88058965.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='Cyclone Jawad: IMD issues red warning in 4 districts of Odisha|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/cyclone-jawad-imd-issues-red-warning-in-4-districts-of-odisha/videoshow/88057945.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/cyclone-jawad-imd-issues-red-warning-in-4-districts-of-odisha/videoshow/88057945.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi chairing the high-level meeting to review preparedness to deal with Cyclone Jawad, in New Delhi on December 02, 2021 (3).jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], Shri [[Narendra Modi]] chairing the high-level meeting to review preparedness to deal with Cyclone Jawad, in [[New Delhi]] on 2 December, 2021.]]

On 2 December 2021, [[Narendra Modi]], the [[Prime Minister of India]], presided a meeting to discuss the potential consequences and readiness of the states that Jawad may hit. There, he instructed the administration of these states to evacuate individuals "in time" and to make the essential services during the cyclone stable, along with disaster relief people.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad: PM Narendra Modi chairs high-level meet, reviews states', Centre's preparedness|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/cyclone-jawad-pm-narendra-modi-chairs-high-level-meet-reviews-states-centres-preparedness/videoshow/88054156.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/cyclone-jawad-pm-narendra-modi-chairs-high-level-meet-reviews-states-centres-preparedness/videoshow/88054156.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Residents in 13 districts of Odisha were also requested to evacuate while teams of [[National Disaster Response Force]] were positioned across the state that are seen to be impacted by the cyclone.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad: IMD asks people to stay indoors, Jharkhand to be impacted too|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-imd-asks-people-to-stay-indoors-jharkhand-to-be-impacted-too-101638443143413.html|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202124945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-jawad-imd-asks-people-to-stay-indoors-jharkhand-to-be-impacted-too-101638443143413.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Food, drinking water and essential supply stocks were also readied.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 4, 2021|title='Evacuate, follow protocols': Union secretary to states ahead of cyclone Jawad|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/evacuate-follow-protocols-union-secretary-to-states-ahead-of-cyclone-jawad-101638558074050.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203194214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/evacuate-follow-protocols-union-secretary-to-states-ahead-of-cyclone-jawad-101638558074050.html}}</ref> School operations in [[Visakhapatnam]] and [[Srikakulam]] in Andhra Pradesh were halted while the Konark Festival and International Sand Art Festival, due to occur on 1 December were both canceled in Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 3, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad landfall: Trains cancelled and schools shut in Andhra, 46 NDRF teams deployed in 3 states|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/trains-cancelled-and-schools-shut-in-andhra-ahead-of-cyclone-jawad-s-landfall-101638534822384.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060326/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/trains-cancelled-and-schools-shut-in-andhra-ahead-of-cyclone-jawad-s-landfall-101638534822384.html}}</ref> The residents living over [[Bhadrak]]'s coastal areas in the latter were already evacuated while over 54,008 individuals at the former state were sheltered to safety in evacuation centers set up by the state administration.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: IMD predicts 'very heavy' rains in 3 states today. 10 points|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-imd-predicts-very-heavy-rains-in-3-states-today-over-54-000-people-evacuated-in-andhra-10-points-11638576149911.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204012723/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-imd-predicts-very-heavy-rains-in-3-states-today-over-54-000-people-evacuated-in-andhra-10-points-11638576149911.html|archive-date=December 4, 2021|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

=== West Bengal ===
A 24-hour control center was set up by the [[Government of West Bengal]] in preparation for the storm.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jawad preparation: ধেয়ে আসছে 'জাওয়াদ', মোকাবিলায় হাওড়ায় চালু হচ্ছে ২৪ ঘণ্টার কন্ট্রোল রুম|language=bangla|trans-title=Jawad preparation: 'Jawad' is coming, 24-hour control room is being set up in Howrah to deal with it|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/howrah-jawad-preparation-dgtld/cid/1316835|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204074058/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/howrah-jawad-preparation-dgtld/cid/1316835|url-status=live}}</ref> Fishermen located over the [[Bay of Bengal]] and farmers and tourists inland [[West Bengal]] were also alerted for heavy rains and strong winds. Command rooms were set up in preparation for the storm in the aforementioned state. Over 11,000 individuals were seen to be evacuated from Jawad, along with more people living near the shores to the safety shelters set up by the state government. Disaster teams were deployed in West Bengal, while the [[Indian Coast Guard]] warned many vessels to return to ports.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad might trigger heavy rains in south Bengal|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled/articleshow/88055907.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202155107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cyclone-jawad-trains-cancelled/articleshow/88055907.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kolkata, districts on alert for cyclone Jawad|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-districts-on-alert-for-cyclone-jawad/articleshow/88058823.cms|author=Prithvijit Mitra|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203062806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-districts-on-alert-for-cyclone-jawad/articleshow/88058823.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclonic storm likely to cause heavy rain in south Bengal, govt takes precautionary measures|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclonic-storm-likely-to-cause-heavy-rain-in-south-bengal-govt-takes-precautionary-measures/articleshow/88056432.cms|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202155724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclonic-storm-likely-to-cause-heavy-rain-in-south-bengal-govt-takes-precautionary-measures/articleshow/88056432.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourists in [[Digha]], [[Mandarmani]], and [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]] were also forced to cancel their bookings and reservations in the beach town due to the warnings imposed by the state.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: বুকিং বাতিল হোটেলে, প্রশ্নে পর্যটন|language=Bangla|trans-title=Cyclone Jawad: Booking canceled hotel, tourism in question|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/hotel-owners-in-digha-are-worried-about-their-business-due-to-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316856|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204075101/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/hotel-owners-in-digha-are-worried-about-their-business-due-to-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316856|url-status=live}}</ref> The NDRF teams situated in the state were also informing people about the possible effects of Jawad. In addition, tree branches were being cut, 188 evacuation shelters were set up, and a power system was checked.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: দুর্যোগের আশঙ্কায় ঘুম উড়েছে সুন্দরবনের|language=Bangla|trans-title=Cyclone Jawad: The Sundarbans has fallen asleep in fear of disaster|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/residents-sundarban-area-are-worried-about-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316867|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205081932/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/residents-sundarban-area-are-worried-about-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316867|url-status=live}}</ref> The various parts of [[Kolkata]] such as [[Dum Dum]] and [[Bidhannagar]] were also readied for the cyclone's possible effects.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Dum Dum Municipality: স্মৃতিতে আমপান, দুর্যোগের প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছে দমদমের তিন পুরসভা|language=Bangla|trans-title=Dum Dum Municipality: Three municipalities of Dumdum are preparing for disaster|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/dum-dum-municipality-preparing-for-the-impact-of-the-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316866|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204075051/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/dum-dum-municipality-preparing-for-the-impact-of-the-cyclone-jawad/cid/1316866|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to a possible storm surge being expected from the storm, over 20,000 individuals from [[Kakdwip|Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas]] were sheltered in safe places, away from the coastline.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: বৃষ্টি শুরু দিঘায়, চলছে টহলদারি, সরানো হচ্ছে উপকূল এলাকার বাসিন্দাদের|language=Bangla|trans-title=Cyclone Jawad: Rains begin in Digha, patrols continue, coastal residents evacuated|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/light-rain-started-in-digha-and-coastal-area-of-west-bengal-dgtld/cid/1316911|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204075132/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/light-rain-started-in-digha-and-coastal-area-of-west-bengal-dgtld/cid/1316911|url-status=live}}</ref> Ferry services were also canceled.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: জওয়াদ শঙ্কা: আগাম না জানিয়ে বন্ধ ফেরিঘাট, ভোগান্তিতে যাত্রীরা|language=Bangla|trans-title=Cyclone Jawad: Jawad Sanka: Ferry terminal closed without prior notice, passengers in distress|work=Anandabazar Patrika|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/howrah-hooghly/cyclone-jawad-ferry-service-closed-without-prior-notice-passengers-in-distress-dgtld/cid/1316948|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204120555/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/howrah-hooghly/cyclone-jawad-ferry-service-closed-without-prior-notice-passengers-in-distress-dgtld/cid/1316948|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Impacts ==
=== Andhra Pradesh ===
The first two fatalities reported from Jawad are located at [[Srikakulam]], first where a 17-year-old girl was killed by an uprooting [[coconut tree]]. The other was another teenager, who was killed for the same reason. Heavy rainfall was experienced in the city, along with strong winds. Coastal areas over Andhra Pradesh and Odisha also began to see rainfall by 3 December in the evening. A rainfall amount of {{Convert|57.4|mm}} was recorded at Kaviti Mandal in the aforementioned city, the highest associated with the storm in the state. Santhabommali collected {{Convert|52.8|mm}} and Sompeta at {{Convert|50.2|mm}}. Despite these effects, only minor damages were recorded in Andhra Pradesh from Jawad as the system weakened before affecting the state.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nalla Babu|date=December 4, 2021|title=Relief for north coastal Andhra Pradesh as cyclone Jawad weakens into deep depression|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/relief-for-north-coastal-andhra-pradesh-as-cyclone-jawad-weakens-into-deep-depression/articleshow/88095838.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204170410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/relief-for-north-coastal-andhra-pradesh-as-cyclone-jawad-weakens-into-deep-depression/articleshow/88095838.cms|archive-date=December 4, 2021|access-date=December 5, 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|quote=A 17- year-old girl, identified as G Indu, died after a coconut tree uprooted and fell on her due to the strong winds at Meliaputti village Mandal in Srikakulam district on Saturday morning.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cyclone Jawad latest updates: Storm weakens into a deep depression, no strong impact, says IMD|work=Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-latest-update-75-trains-cancelled-people-asked-to-vacate-puri-beach-11638606971337.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206024705/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-latest-update-75-trains-cancelled-people-asked-to-vacate-puri-beach-11638606971337.html|archive-date=December 6, 2021|quote=In Vajrapukothuru Mandal, heavy winds uprooted a coconut tree that fell on a teenager Gorakala Indu (16), killing him instantly.}}</ref>

=== Odisha ===
In Odisha, [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]] registered a rain amount of {{Convert|40|mm}} from 4{{snd}}5 December.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ଅବପାତ ପ୍ରଭାବରେ ରାଜ୍ୟର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ବର୍ଷା|language=Odia|trans-title=Heavy Rains Lashed Parts Of The State|work=Sambad|url=https://sambad.in/state/cyclone-jawad-weakens-into-deep-depression-746277/|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205071739/https://sambad.in/state/cyclone-jawad-weakens-into-deep-depression-746277/|url-status=live}}</ref> The highest rainfall amount from Jawad is centered at [[Paradeep]] with {{Convert|201.0|mm|in}}, where rainfall disrupted port services and operations there. Erasama followed the list, with {{Convert|188.0|mm}} and [[Khallikote]] with {{Convert|156.0|mm}}. The cities of [[Bhubaneswar]] and [[Cuttack]] also received rainfall from Jawad, with the former receiving {{Convert|72.3|mm}} from the storm. This caused several traffic disruptions and some flooding in these areas.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 5, 2021|title=ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର ଓ କଟକରେ ପ୍ରବଳ ବର୍ଷା ଆରମ୍ଭ, ଜନଜୀବନ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ|language=Odia|trans-title=Heavy Rains Have Lashed Bhubaneswar And Cuttack, Affecting Public Life|work=Sambad|url=https://sambad.in/state/heavy-rain-in-twin-city-2-746279/|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205071758/https://sambad.in/state/heavy-rain-in-twin-city-2-746279/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ରାଜ୍ୟର ଖଲ୍ଲିକୋଟରେ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ୧୫୮ ମିମି ବର୍ଷା ରେକର୍ଡ|language=Odia|trans-title=Khallikot Has The Highest Rainfall Of 156 Mm In The State|work=Sambad|url=https://sambad.in/state/rainfall-in-various-places-of-state-746324/|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205071741/https://sambad.in/state/rainfall-in-various-places-of-state-746324/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=December 5, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: Rain lashes Odisha, West Bengal; more in store for next 2 days|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/cyclone-jawad-rain-lashes-odisha-west-bengal-more-in-store-for-next-2-days/articleshow/88109922.cms|access-date=December 6, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205234242/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/cyclone-jawad-rain-lashes-odisha-west-bengal-more-in-store-for-next-2-days/articleshow/88109922.cms/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many paddy crops, along with other miscellaneous were also reported to have been damaged and inundated with flooding, along with farming disruptions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ଦୁର୍ବଳ ହେଲା ବାତ୍ୟା ଜୱାଦ୍, ତଥାପି ଟଳିନି ବିପଦ: ମିଳିଲାନି ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ସ୍ଥାନ, ବର୍ଷାରେ ଭିଜିଲା ପାଚିଲା ଧାନ|language=Odia|trans-title=Batya Jawad Weakened, Yet Talini Danger: Mililani Safe Place, Vigila Ripe Paddy In The Rain|work=Sambad|url=https://sambad.in/state/paddy-crops-damaged-by-cyclone-rain-746266/|access-date=December 5, 2021|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205071739/https://sambad.in/state/paddy-crops-damaged-by-cyclone-rain-746266/|url-status=live}}</ref> Damage within the state was [[Indian rupee|₹]]3.77 billion (US$50 million).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/nov/25/cyclones-inflict-rs-1471-crore-loss-on-odisha-in-last-twoyears-2521965.html|title=Cyclones inflict Rs 1,471 crore loss on Odisha in last two years|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2022-11-25|access-date=2022-12-02}}</ref>

=== West Bengal ===
From 4 December 2021, West Bengal started to experience rainfall from Jawad, first being centered over [[West Midnapore|West]] and [[East Midnapore]].<ref name=":0" /> A fishing vessel sank while the boat was being anchored in [[South 24 Parganas]]; no casualty was reported. [[Kolkata]] registered a rainfall amount of {{Convert|5.5|mm}} from 4–5 December.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/news/cyclone-jawad-rain-lashes-kolkata-southern-parts-of-west-bengal-101638694571920.html|title=Cyclone Jawad: Rain lashes Kolkata, southern parts of West Bengal|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=2021-12-04|access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>
Meanwhile, Digha received {{Convert|19.7|mm}} and {{Convert|16.0|mm}} for [[Midnapore]] at the same time. Despite these rainfall amounts, many reservoirs in the state was reported to have been rising in their water levels.<ref name=":1" /> Heavy rainfall was also reported in [[Kolkata]], [[Howrah district|Howrah]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and forecasted for [[North 24 Parganas]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[Nadia District|Nadia]] and [[Murshidabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 4, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad: IMD says 'heavy' rains to continue in West Bengal, NE states till Tuesday. Full forecast here|language=English|work=LiveMint|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-imd-says-heavy-rains-to-continue-in-these-states-till-tuesday-full-forecast-here-11638749516581.html|access-date=December 6, 2021|archive-date=December 6, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206011816/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-jawad-imd-says-heavy-rains-to-continue-in-these-states-till-tuesday-full-forecast-here-11638749516581.html}}</ref>

=== Bangladesh ===
Two villages in [[Khulna District]] were flooded due to heavy rains from Jawad.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 5, 2021|title=Cyclone Jawad floods two villages in Khulna|language=English|work=BD News 24|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/cyclone-jawad-floods-two-villages-in-khulna|access-date=December 6, 2021}}</ref> In [[Sarankhola Upazila]], the water level rose to {{convert|0.75|ft|m|abbr=on}}, lots of dried fish was washed away. Fishing grounds and fields were submerged under the floodwater, and caused a loss of about [[Bangladeshi taka|৳]]30 million (US$350,000).<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2021|title=Cyclone caused massive loss to dried fish traders|language=English|work=Bangladesh Post|url=https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/cyclone-caused-massive-loss-to-dried-fish-traders-74882|access-date=December 11, 2021}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones|India|Bangladesh}}
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2021]]
*[[Weather of 2021]]
*[[Cyclone Forrest]]
*[[Cyclone Phailin]]
*[[Typhoon Gay (1989)]]
*[[Cyclones Matmo and Bulbul]]
*[[Cyclone Yaas]]

{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Cyclone Jawad}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211204031942/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc2021/IO/IO052021/txt/trackfile.txt JTWC Best Track Data] of Tropical Cyclone 05B (Jawad)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211204031942/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc2021/IO/IO052021/ 05B.JAWAD] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

{{2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}
{{Disasters in India in 2021}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jawad}}
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2021]]
[[Category:2021 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
[[Category:Cyclonic storms]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]

Talsara Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:07:41Z

MDPOliva97: new a stub - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Talsara}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Talsara
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 8
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sundargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sundargarh]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = Bhabani Shankar Bhoi.jpg
| mla = [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,16,981{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Talsara''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] [[List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[sundargarh district]] in [[Odisha]] [[States and union territories of India|State]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031951/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=9 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 January 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Talsara (9) District : Sundargarh|accessdate= 5 January 2014}}</ref> It was established in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317193120/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Extent of Assembly Constituencies ==

* Subdega Block
* Balisankara Block
* Bargaon Block
* Lephripara Block : Alpaka, Dumabahal, Giringkela, Gundiadihi, Hurmei, Kulabira, Lephripara, Masabira, Rajbahal and Sarafgarh GPs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp136.htm|title= 136 - Talsara Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|42.67}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|39.31}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|32.86}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.85}}
{{bar percent|2006 (bypoll) |{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.84}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.69}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.95}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|36.80}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|57.18}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|63.74}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|57.13}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|58.63}}
}}

Since its formation in 1961, 15 elections have been held till date including one bypoll in 2006.

List of members elected from Talsara constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Talsara Assembly Election Results 2024: Talsara Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/talsara-constituency-result-18008 |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=24 May 2019 |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |accessdate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":2" />
|rowspan=3|Prafulla Majhi
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2006 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Gajadhar Majhi}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Talsara 2006 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/177 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|rowspan=3|Gajadhar Majhi
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
||[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
||[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Ranjeet Bhitria
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
||[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|rowspan=2|Gajadhar Majhi
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
||[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ignace Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
||[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Premananda Kalo
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|rowspan=3|Gangadhar Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Swatantra Party}}
|-
||[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
||[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20th May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Binay Kumar Toppo by a margin of 17,189 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Talsara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]|votes=68,928|percentage=42.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=Binay Kumar Toppo|votes=51,739|percentage=32.03|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Devendra Bhitaria|votes=35,262|percentage=21.83|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1885|percentage=1.17|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=17,189|percentage=10.64|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,61,533|percentage=74.45|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Stephen Wilson Soreng by 16,188 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />

{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election| 2019 Odisha Vidhan Sabha election]]: Talsara<ref>{{cite news |title=Talsara (ST) Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/odisha-assembly-elections-2019/talsara-st-election-results-31_1943.html |accessdate=11 April 2019 |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS188.htm?ac=8|title=Assembly Election 2019 - Election Commission of India|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]
|votes = 60,264
|percentage = 39.31
|change = {{increase}}9.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=Stephen Wilson Soreng|votes=44,076|percentage=28.75|change={{decrease}}3.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Prafulla Majhi|votes=41,111|percentage=26.82|change={{decrease}}6.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1456|percentage=0.95|change=''-''}}
{{Election box majority|votes=16188|percentage=10.56|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=153290|percentage=74.1|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Prafulla Majhi defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Binay Kumar Toppo by 1,438 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Talsara<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Talsara|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS188.htm?ac=8|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Talsara (8)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=8|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140608092438/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=8|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 June 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prafulla Majhi
|votes = 45,689
|percentage = 32.86
|change = {{decrease}}6.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Binaya Kumar Toppo
|votes = 44,251
|percentage = 31.83
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Amat
|votes = 41,272
|percentage = 29.68
|change = {{increase}}7.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,716
|percentage = 1.95
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,438
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,39,035
|percentage = 72.21
|change = 7.21
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,92,545
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Prafulla Majhi defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Sahadeva Xaxa by 19,741 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=19741 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Talsara<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prafulla Majhi
|votes = 44,082
|percentage = 39.85
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sahadeva Xaxa
|votes = 24,341
|percentage = 22.00
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Purna Chandra Minz
|votes = 16,105
|percentage = 14.56
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,741
|percentage = 17.85{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,10,619
|percentage = 65.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sundergarh district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|22.36|84.10|display=title}}

[[Category:Sundergarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Orissa]]

Deblina Sarkar

2026-04-11T01:46:04Z

MDPOliva97: creating

{{short description|Indian scientist and inventor}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Resume-like|date=May 2024}}
{{Autobiography|date=May 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Deblina Sarkar
| image = Deblina Sarkar.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Sarkar in 2018
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| fields = {{plainlist|
*[[Nanoelectronics]]
*[[Neuroscience]]
}}
| workplaces = [[MIT Media Lab]]
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
*[[IIT (ISM) Dhanbad]]
*[[University of California, Santa Barbara]]
}}
| known_for = Ultra thin quantum mechanical transistor (ATLAS-TFET), nanoscale biosensors, expansion microscopy
| awards = 2018 MIT Technology Review's Top 10 Innovator Under 35 from India, 2016 CGS/ProQuest Distinguished Dissertation Award in Mathematics, Physical Sciences, and Engineering, 2016 UCSB Winifred and Louis Lancaster Dissertation Award for Math, Physical Science and Engineering, 2008 U.S. Presidential Fellowship
| thesis_title = 2D Steep Transistor Technology: Overcoming Fundamental Barriers in Low-Power Electronics and Ultra-Sensitive Biosensors
| thesis_url = https://alexandria.ucsb.edu/downloads/wd375w520
| thesis_year = 2015
| doctoral_advisor = [[Kaustav Banerjee]]
}}
'''Deblina Sarkar''' is an Indian [[electrical engineer]],<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=Deblina Sarkar |journal=Neuron |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=235–237 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.044|s2cid=225098402 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and [[inventor]], born in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deblina Sarkar Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search |url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/deblina-sarkar |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=patents.justia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Sanjay |date=2018-03-30 |title=EmTech 2018: Innovators under 35 |url=https://www.livemint.com/Technology/JWYHqneM5BjZvoBqzlou6J/EmTech-2018-Innovators-under-35.html |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref> She is an assistant professor at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) and the AT&T Career Development Chair Professor of the [[MIT Media Lab]]. Sarkar has been internationally recognized for her invention of an ultra thin quantum mechanical transistor that can be scaled to nano-sizes and used in nanoelectronic biosensors. As the principal investigator of the Nano Cybernetic Biotrek Lab<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=Nano-Cybernetic Biotrek Lab: Professor Deblina Sarkar|url=https://web.mit.edu/deblina-sarkar/index.html|website=web.mit.edu|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> at MIT, Sarkar leads a multidisciplinary team of researchers towards bridging the gap between nanotechnology and synthetic biology to build new nano-devices and life-machine interfacing technologies with which to probe and enhance biological function.

== Early life and academic career ==
Sarkar was born in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal|West Bengal, India]] and pursued her undergraduate education in electrical engineering at the [[Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad|Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)]], Dhanbad, India. During her undergraduate degree, she focused her research on nanoscale device design and [[spintronics]], receiving international recognition for her work.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Deblina Sarkar {{!}} Nanoelectronics Research Lab {{!}} UC Santa Barbara|url=https://nrl.ece.ucsb.edu/members/deblina-sarkar|website=nrl.ece.ucsb.edu|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> The paper she published in 2007 explored the efficacy of double-gate [[MOSFET]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Ganguly|first2=Samiran|last3=Datta|first3=Deepanjan|last4=Sarab|first4=A. A. P.|last5=Dasgupta|first5=Sudeb|title=20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID'07) |chapter=Modeling of Leakages in Nano-Scale DG MOSFET to Implement Low Power SRAM: A Device/Circuit Co-Design |date=January 2007|pages=183–188|doi=10.1109/VLSID.2007.110|isbn=978-0-7695-2762-8|s2cid=14150555}}</ref> Before completing her degree, she spent a summer as an intern in [[Laurens W. Molenkamp|Laurens Molenkamp]]'s laboratory at the [[University of Würzburg|Wurzburg University]], Germany, conducting research in spintronics.<ref name=":1" /> She graduated with her B.E. degree in 2008, and moved to the United States to pursue both a master's degree and a Ph.D. at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara|University of California at Santa Barbara]] (UCSB).

At UCSB, Sarkar trained in [[nanoelectronics]] under the mentorship of [[Kaustav Banerjee]] where she pioneered techniques to improve energy-efficiency in nano-devices and developed novel field effect transistor biosensors using [[molybdenum disulfide]] (MoS2).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors make supersensitive biosensors|url=https://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/biomaterials/molybdenum-disulfide-field-effect-transistors-make-supersensitive-biosensors|date=2014-09-12|website=The American Ceramic Society|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> After completing her Ph.D. work in 2015, Sarkar began her postdoctoral fellowship at MIT in the Synthetic Neurobiology group.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Synthetic Neurobiology Group: Ed Boyden, Principal Investigator|url=https://syntheticneurobiology.org/people/display/253/23|website=syntheticneurobiology.org|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> Under the mentorship of [[Edward Boyden]], Sarkar developed novel technologies to map brain structure and function.

In 2020, Sarkar joined the faculty at MIT as an Assistant Professor and became the AT&T Career Development Chair Professor at MIT Media Labs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Deblina Sarkar joins the MIT Media Lab faculty|url=http://news.mit.edu/2020/deblina-sarkar-joins-mit-media-lab-faculty-0219|website=MIT News|date=19 February 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> She became the principal investigator of a group of researchers which she has called the Nano-Cybernetic Biotrek Lab.<ref name=":8"/> Sarkar broke down the name of her group to explain why the name represents the scientific questions and adventure they engage in.<ref name=":8" /> The "nano" refers to the fact that the team builds nanoscale devices, cybernetic refers to using technology to control computing, biological, or hybrid systems, the bio represents the integration of biology, and "trek" represents the scientific adventure they have embarked on.<ref name=":8" />

== Research and inventions ==

=== Atomically thin channel sub-thermal transistor ===
Sarkar invented a quantum-mechanical transistor, called the atomically thin and layered semiconducting-channel tunnel-FET (ATLAS-TFET).<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Xie|first2=Xuejun|last3=Liu|first3=Wei|last4=Cao|first4=Wei|last5=Kang|first5=Jiahao|last6=Gong|first6=Yongji|last7=Kraemer|first7=Stephan|last8=Ajayan|first8=Pulickel M.|last9=Banerjee|first9=Kaustav|author9-link=Kaustav Banerjee|date=October 2015|title=A subthermionic tunnel field-effect transistor with an atomically thin channel|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15387/|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=526|issue=7571|pages=91–95|doi=10.1038/nature15387|pmid=26432247|bibcode=2015Natur.526...91S |s2cid=4467004|issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This device overcomes the fundamental thermal limitations in power of conventional transistors and achieves subthermionic subthreshold swing due to quantum mechanical tunneling based carrier transport. Efficient tunneling is achieved because of its unique heterostructure design consisting of doped germanium source, atomically thin MoS2 channel, and large tunnelling area.<ref name=":7" /> This transistor can help in addressing both dimensional and power scalability issues of Information Technology.<ref name=":7" /> Sarkar's efforts to build this quantum-mechanical transistor, was published in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''.<ref name=":7" /> This work was highlighted by ''Nature'' News and Views as "Flat transistor defies the limit".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tomioka |first1=Katsuhiro |title=Flat transistor defies the limit |journal=Nature |pages=51–52 |language=en |doi=10.1038/526051a |date=October 2015|volume=526 |issue=7571 |pmid=26432242 |s2cid=205086299 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Ultra-sensitive electrical biosensors ===
Sarkar developed a novel [[Field-effect transistor]] based [[biosensor]] using MoS2 which provides high sensitivity, 74-fold higher than [[graphene]], but also ease of patternability and device fabrication as it has a 2D atomically layered structure.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Liu|first2=Wei|last3=Xie|first3=Xuejun|last4=Anselmo|first4=Aaron C.|last5=Mitragotri|first5=Samir|last6=Banerjee|first6=Kaustav|author6-link=Kaustav Banerjee|date=2014-04-22|title=MoS2 Field-Effect Transistor for Next-Generation Label-Free Biosensors|journal=ACS Nano|volume=8|issue=4|pages=3992–4003|doi=10.1021/nn5009148|pmid=24588742|issn=1936-0851}}</ref> Her development is compatible in biological tissues and provides a novel pathway to detect single molecules, highlighting the power of MoS2 materials in the next-generation of biosensors.<ref name=":6" /> Moreover, Sarkar showed that steep turn-ON characteristics, obtained through novel technology such as band-to-band tunneling, can result in unprecedented performance improvement compared to that of conventional electrical biosensors, with around 4 orders of magnitude higher sensitivity and ten-fold lower detection time.<ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Banerjee|first2=Kaustav|author2-link=Kaustav Banerjee|date=2012-04-05|title= Proposal for Tunnel-Field-Effect-Transistor as Ultra-Sensitive and Label-Free Biosensors|journal= Applied Physics Letters |volume=100|issue=14|pages=143108|doi=10.1063/1.3698093|bibcode=2012ApPhL.100n3108S }}</ref> This can open up new avenues for wearable/implantable medical devices as well as point-of-care applications.

=== High-frequency model of graphene ===
Sarkar and team developed a detailed methodology for the accurate evaluation of DC to high-frequency impedance of 2D layered structures.<ref name=":19">{{Cite journal|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Xu|first2=Chuan|last3=Li|first3=Hong|last4=Banerjee|first4=Kaustav|author4-link=Kaustav Banerjee|date=2011-02-14|title= High-Frequency Behavior of Graphene-Based Interconnects—Part I: Impedance Modeling|journal= IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices |volume=58|issue=3|pages=843–852|doi=10.1109/TED.2010.2102031|bibcode=2011ITED...58..843S |s2cid=5558117|issn= 1557-9646 }}</ref> This model provides insights into the physics of on-chip 2D interconnects and inductors and revealed for the first-time anomalous skin effect in [[graphene]]. Going beyond the simplifying assumptions of Ohm's law, this model takes into account the effects of electric-field variation within mean free path and current dependency on the nonlocal electric-field, to accurately capture the high-frequency behavior of graphene. It showed for the first time that the high-frequency resistance of intercalation doped multi-layer graphene interconnects is lower than that of copper and [[Carbon Nanotubes|carbon nanotubes]] (CNTs). Moreover, as high as 32 and 50% improvements in quality-factor compared to copper and CNTs respectively, can be achieved with graphene-based inductors.<ref name=":20">{{Cite journal|last1=Sarkar|first1=Deblina|last2=Xu|first2=Chuan|last3=Li|first3=Hong|last4=Banerjee|first4=Kaustav|author4-link=Kaustav Banerjee|date=2011-02-14|title=High-Frequency Behavior of Graphene-Based Interconnects—Part II: Impedance Analysis and Implications for Inductor Design|journal= IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices |volume=58|issue=3|pages=853–859|doi=10.1109/TED.2010.2102035|bibcode=2011ITED...58..853S |s2cid=13652638|issn= 1557-9646 }}</ref> This model is critical for building high frequency/RF devices in emerging technologies including "all 2D" integrated circuits, which can lead to flexible/conformable computers and prosthetic devices.

=== Nanoscale mapping of the brain ===
Sarkar and team, developed a novel tool called iterated direct expansion microscopy ({{proper name|idExM}}), which enables researchers optical access to nanoscale structures by expanding tissues.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iterative Direct Expansion Microscopy|url=https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/iterative-direct-expansion-microscopy/|last=Sarkar|first=Deblina|website=MIT Media Lab|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> Cellular structures, such as [[synapses]] between neurons, are densely packed with molecules impeding access of antibodies and other labelling tools.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Project Overview ‹ Nanoscale mapping of bio-molecular building blocks of brain|url=https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/nanoscale-mapping-of-bio-molecular-building-blocks-of-brian/overview/|website=MIT Media Lab|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> Further, target molecules might be beyond the limits of diffraction such that light microscopes are unable to capture the fine detail and resolution of biological units.<ref name=":9" /> To enable visualization of nanoscale biological architectures as well as gain labeling access to even the most dense biological structures, Sarkar and her team developed {{proper name|idExM}} where they imbed tissue in hydrogel and use both mechanical and electrostatic forces to achieve nearly 100-fold linear expansion of tissues.<ref name=":9" /> This technology revealed nanoscale trans-synaptic architecture in brain tissue and intricate organization of [[amyloid-β]] plaques associated with [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name=":9" />

== Awards and honors ==

* '''Distinguished Scientist Award''' (one of 3 awardees nationwide) (2023)<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Nano-Cybernetic Biotrek Lab: Professor Deblina Sarkar |url=https://web.mit.edu/deblina-sarkar/honors.html |access-date=2020-05-10 |website=web.mit.edu}}</ref>
* '''Early Career Distinguished Presenter''' at Materials Research Society (2023)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Science News 10 Scientists to Watch''' (2023)<ref name=":10" />
* Featured in '''Nature Neuroscience''' (2023)<ref name=":10" />
* '''MIND Prize''' (Maximizing Innovation in Neuroscience Discovery) (2023)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Abundance 360 Scholar''' (2022-2023)<ref name=":10" />
* '''At&t Career Development Chair Professorship''' (2019-2023)<ref name=":10" />
* Featured in '''Association for Women in Science (AWIS)''' News Brief (2022)<ref name=":10" />
* '''NIH Directors New Innovator Award''' (2022)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Perfect and Rarely Achieved Impact Score''' of 10 from NIH (2022)<ref name=":10" />
* "'''Explorer of the Nano Age'''" feature by MIT.nano which highlighted eight pioneering nanotechnology researchers at MIT working to make the world a better place<ref name=":10" />
* '''Innovative Early Career Engineer''' by '''National Academy of Engineering''' (2022)<ref name=":10" />
* '''IEEE Nanotechnology Early Career Award''' (only awardee worldwide) (2022)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Leading next generation scientist''' by United for Medical Research (2021)<ref name=":10" />
* '''{{proper name|iCANX}} Young Scientist Award''' (2021)<ref name=":10" />
* '''IEEE Electron Devices Society (EDS) feature''' (2021)<ref name=":10" />
* Featured by '''Imagination in Action''': series highlighting some of the world's most compelling people (2021) <ref name=":10" />
* Featured in '''Neuron''' (2020)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Young Scientist Excellence Award''' at Microsystems and Nanoengineering ('''Nature''') (2020)<ref name=":10" />
* Distinguished Alumnus Award as a "'''Young Achiever'''" from IIT (2020)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Technology Review's Innovators Under Age 35 (one of 10 from India)''' (2018)<ref name=":10" />
* '''NIH K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award''' (2018)<ref name=":10" />
* '''MIT Translational Fellow''' (2017)<ref name=":10" />
* '''One of the top 3 dissertations throughout USA and Canada''' in the '''field of Mathematics, Physical sciences and all departments of Engineering''' (2016)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Lancaster Award''' for the best PhD Dissertation in the field of Mathematics, Physical Sciences and all departments of Engineering at UCSB in the period 2014-2016 (2016)<ref name=":10" />
* One of the 4 young scientists worldwide to present a '''master class on physics in structural biology and medical diagnostics''' '''Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting''' (2016)<ref name=":10" />
* '''MRS Graduate Student Award''' (2015)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Rising Star in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science''' (2015)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Falling Walls Lab Young Innovator Award''' at UCSD (One of the 3 winners) (2015)<ref name=":10" />
* "'''Bright Mind'''" honor at KAUST-NSF Conference (one of 4 honorees from USA) (2015)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Dissertation Fellowship''', UCSB (2014)<ref name=":10" />
* '''IEEE EDS PhD Fellowship Award''' (only one from the Americas and one of the 3 students worldwide to win it) (2011)<ref name=":10" />
* '''US Presidential Fellowship''' for pursuing graduate research (2008)<ref name=":10" />
* '''Outstanding Doctoral Candidate Fellowship''' (2008)<ref name=":10" />

== Selected publications ==

* Iterative Direct Expansion Microscopy. D. Sarkar, A. Wassie, J. Kang, T. Tarr, A. Tang, T. A. Blanpied, E. S. Boyden. [[Society for Neuroscience]], 2019<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Nano-Cybernetic Biotrek Lab: Professor Deblina Sarkar|url=https://web.mit.edu/deblina-sarkar/publications.html#top|website=web.mit.edu|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref>
* 2D materials for FET based biosensors. D. Sarkar. Fundamentals and Sensing applications of 2D materials, Ed: C.S. Rout, D.J. Late and Hywel Morgan, Woodhead Publishing Series, Elsevier, 2019<ref name=":12" />
* Glyoxal as an alternative to PFA in immunostaining and nanoscopy. K. N. Richter, N. H. Revelo, K. J. Seitz, M. S. Helm, D. Sarkar et al.. [[The EMBO Journal]], 2017.<ref name=":12" />
* Multiplexed neural recording along a single optical fiber via optical reflectometry. S. G. Rodriques, A. H. Marblestone, J. Scholvin, J. Dapello, D. Sarkar, M. Mankin, R. Gao, L. Wood and E. S. Boyden. [[Journal of Biomedical Optics]], Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 057003, 2016.<ref name=":12" />
* A Subthermionic Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor with an Atomically Thin Channel. Deblina Sarkar, Xuejun Xie, Wei Liu, Wei Cao, Jiahao Kang, Yongji Gong, Stephan Kraemer, Pulickel M. Ajayan and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[Nature (journal)]], Vol. 526, pp. 91–95, 2015<ref name=":12" />
* Functionalization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Metallic [[Nanoparticle]]s: Implications for Doping and Gas-Sensing. Deblina Sarkar, Xuejun Xie, Jiahao Kang, Haojun Zhang, Wei Liu, Jose Navarrete, Martin Moskovits and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[Nano Letters]], Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 2852–2862, 2015.<ref name=":12" />
* MoS2 Field-Effect Transistor for Next-Generation Label-Free Biosensors. Deblina Sarkar, Wei Liu, Xuejun Xie, Aaron Anselmo, Samir Mitragotri and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[ACS Nano]], Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 3992–4003, 2014.<ref name=":12" />
* Impact-Ionization Field-Effect-Transistor Based Biosensors for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules. Deblina Sarkar, Harald Gossner, Walter Hansch and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[Applied Physics Letters]], Vol. 102, No. 20, 203110, 2013.<ref name=":12" />
* Proposal for Tunnel-Field-Effect-Transistor as Ultra-Sensitive and Label-Free Biosensors. Deblina Sarkar and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[Applied Physics Letters]], 100, No. 14, 143108, 2012.<ref name=":12" />
* Metallic-Nanoparticle Assisted Enhanced Band-to-Band Tunneling Current. Deblina Sarkar and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[Applied Physics Letters]], Vol. 99, No. 13, pp. 133116, Sept 26, 2011.<ref name=":12" />
* High-Frequency Behavior of Graphene-Based Interconnects—Part I: Impedance Modeling. Deblina Sarkar, Chuan Xu, Hong Li, and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices]], Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 843–852, March 2011.<ref name=":12" />
* A Novel Enhanced Electric-Field Impact-Ionization MOS Transistor. Deblina Sarkar, Navab Singh and [[Kaustav Banerjee]]. [[IEEE Electron Device Letters]], Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 1175–1177, Nov. 2010.<ref name=":12" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Deblina}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Indian women neuroscientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Barbara alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate academics in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian electronics engineers]]
[[Category:Women electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Indian women inventors]]

Panchur

2026-04-08T10:24:15Z

MDPOliva97: made the stub more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
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}}
'''Panchur'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Upadhyay |first=Kavita |date=2017-03-19 |title=Panchur, Yogi Adityanath's hometown, jives to beats of dhol |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/proud-panchur-jives-to-beats-of-dhol/article17533348.ece |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is a village in the [[Pauri Garhwal]] district of [[Uttarakhand]]. The village is known as the ancestral home of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Yogi Adityanath]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=A Letter From Panchur: 'Countless letters for a bridge… schools have to shut in the rains' |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/a-letter-from-panchur-countless-letters-for-a-bridge-schools-have-to-shut-in-the-rains-yogi-adityanath-7817182/ |access-date=18 October 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Yogi Adityanath visits ancestral village first time after becoming UP CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/yogi-adityanath-visits-ancestral-village-first-time-after-becoming-up-cm-101651632688539.html |access-date=18 October 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-05-04 |title=Yogi Adityanath visits ancestral village first time after becoming UP CM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/yogi-adityanath-visits-ancestral-village-first-time-after-becoming-up-cm/article65380788.ece |access-date=2026-02-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Panchur.jpg|thumb|Panchur Village]]

==Demographics==
Panchur village has population of 175 of which 76 are males while 99 are females per [[2011 Indian census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panchur Village Population - Srinagar - Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/45415-panchur-uttarakhand.html |access-date=18 October 2025 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:PM and UP CM at laying the foundation stone of the International Cricket Stadium at Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh (3x4 cropped).jpg|thumb|Yogi Adityanath]]
* [[Yogi Adityanath]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) leader and [[Yogi Adityanath|Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] was born in Panchur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=उत्तराखंड के इस गांव में सीएम योगी आदित्यनाथ का है जलवा, देखने वाले हो जाते हैं लट्टू |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/yogi-adityanath-village-panchur-know-how-you-can-reach-here/articleshow/110763781.cms |access-date=18 October 2025 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Poorva |date=4 May 2022 |title='You recognized me?' asks Yogi as he meets mother in Uttarakhand home {{!}} VIDEO |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/yogi-adityanath-meets-mother-savitri-you-recognized-me-uttarakhand-village-video-2022-05-04-774294 |work=India TV News |access-date=18 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=No Security Change At Yogi Adityanath's Uttarakhand Ancestral Home: Cops |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-security-change-at-yogi-adityanaths-uttarakhand-ancestral-home-cops-3965939 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427193353/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-security-change-at-yogi-adityanaths-uttarakhand-ancestral-home-cops-3965939 |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 October 2025 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pauri Garhwal district}}

[[Category:Villages in Pauri Garhwal district]]

{{Uttarakhand-geo-stub}}

A. K. Ranganathan

2026-04-01T02:15:05Z

MDPOliva97: info

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = A. K. Ranganathan
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1937}}
| birth_place = Marungur
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Vellore Assembly constituency|Vellore]]
| term_start1 = 1977
| term_end1 = 1980
| predecessor1 =[[M. P. Sarathi]]
| successor1 = [[V. M. Devaraj]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Politics
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}

'''A. K. Ranganathan''' is an [[Indian politician]] and a former Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected as a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1977|1971 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections]] from [[Vellore Assembly constituency]].<ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly ”Who's Who” 1977. Madras-600009: Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Secretariat. November 1977. p. 357-358</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/vellore-tamil-nadu-assembly-constituency | title=Vellore Assembly Constituency Election Result | publisher=ResultUniversity.com | accessdate=16 September 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vellore<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Ranganathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,590 |percentage=30.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Lalalajpathy |party=Janata Party |votes=25,758 |percentage=29.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. M. Devaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,229 |percentage=24.33% |change=-28.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Dakshinamoorthy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,043 |percentage=13.80% |change=-30.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Moorthv |party=Independent politician |votes=1,064 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=832 |percentage=0.95% |change= -7.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,258 |percentage=67.63% |change= -3.80% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,154 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganathan, A. K.}}
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan

2026-03-30T10:42:38Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Short description|Indian television historical drama series}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = Historical drama
| creator = [[Abhimanyu Singh (producer)|Abhimanyu Singh]]
| based_on =
| inspired_by =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring =
{{Plainlist|
* Priyanshi Yadav
* Samarthya Gupta
* [[Avinesh Rekhi]]
* [[Vikramjeet Virk]]
* [[Ashutosh Rana]]
* [[Anuja Sathe]]
* [[Krissann Barretto]]
* [[Akshay Anand]]
* [[Namit Shah]]
* Dinesh Mehta
}}
| voices =
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 88
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Abhimanyu Singh
| cinematography =
| animator =
| editor =
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Contiloe Pictures]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|06|04|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|10|03|df=y}}
| related =
}}

'''''Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan''''' is an Indian television historical drama series which aired on 4 June 2025 to 3 October 2025 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] and streams digitally on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=28 May 2025|title=Sony Entertainment Television presents the timeless saga of Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan — Nation above all!|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/genesis/sony-entertainment-television-presents-the-timeless-saga-of-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-nation-above-all-101748419924882.html|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Contiloe Pictures]] and starring Priyanshi Yadav, and Samarthya Gupta.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Samarthya Gupta as Prithviraj Chauhan
** Urva Savaliya as young Prithviraj Chauhan
* Priyanshi Yadav as Rani Sanyogita
** Riddhi Sharma / Gurnoor Kaur as young Rani Sanyogita

=== Recurring ===
* [[Ronit Roy]] as King Someshwar
* [[Padmini Kolhapure]] as Rajmata
* [[Avinesh Rekhi]] as Mahmud of Ghazni
* [[Vikramjeet Virk]] as [[Muhammad Ghori]]
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Chand Bardai
* Keshav Mehta as Ranveer Bhan
* Mukesh Tripathi as Shakti Singh
* Rumi Khan as King Jaichand
* [[Anuja Sathe]] as Maharani Karpura Chauhan
* [[Krissann Barretto]] as Haseena
* [[Akshay Anand]] as Jagaddeva
* [[Namit Shah]] as Chand Bardai
* Aakash Nagii as Jaalib
* Samveg Kaudan as Bheema
* Piyali Munsi as Chandralekha
* Vihaan Jaghotia as Hariraj
* Mahi Bhanushali as Ichni
* Sapna Thakur as Dassala Devi
* Viraj Kapoor as Nagarjuna
* Dinesh Mehta as Ahiravan
* Abhinav Sharma as Subahu

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
Urva Savaliya was confirmed to play young Prithviraj Chauhan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=19 July 2025|title=Urva Savaliya reflects on his on-screen journey in Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan
|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/urva-savaliya-reflects-on-his-on-screen-journey-in-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan/|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Tribune India]]|language=en}}</ref> Viraj Kapoor was cast as Nagarjuna.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=19 July 2025|title=Viraj Kapoor On His Role In Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan: ‘Got Very Excited’
|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/viraj-kapoor-on-his-role-in-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-got-very-excited-9444760.html|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref> Padmini Kolhapure playing Rajmata, and marks her return to television after 11 years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=29 April 2025|title=Padmini Kolhapure returns to television after 11 years with Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan; says ‘I felt an instant connection with the character’
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/padmini-kolhapure-returns-to-television-after-11-years-with-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-says-i-felt-an-instant-connection-with-the-character/articleshow/120734336.cms|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Ronit Roy]] joined the cast as King Someshwar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=16 June 2025|title=How Ronit Roy became king Someshwar for ‘Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan’
|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/how-ronit-roy-became-king-someshwar-for-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-1503445958.html|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman India]]|language=en}}</ref> For this role, he lost 8 kilograms.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Agnihotri|first=Akanksha|date=3 June 2025|title=Ronit Roy shares how he lost 8 kgs in 2 months at 59 to play Prithviraj Chauhan's father: Martial arts to intense cardio
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/ronit-roy-shares-how-he-lost-8-kgs-in-2-months-at-59-to-play-prithviraj-chauhans-father-martial-arts-to-intense-cardio-101748963036793.html|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Avinesh Rekhi]] entered the show as [[Mahmud of Ghazni]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=29 July 2025|title=Avinesh Rekhi opens up about playing Muhammad Ghori in Chakravarti Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan
|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/avinesh-rekhi--muhammad-ghori-in-chakravarti-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-23586941|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> In August 2025, Samarthya Gupta was selected to portray elder Prithviraj Chauhan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaturvedi|first=Shachi|date=19 July 2025|title=Samarthya Gupta Shares Excitement On Playing Elder Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan In Historical Drama
|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/samarthya-gupta-shares-excitement-on-playing-elder-samrat-prithviraj-chauhan-in-historical-drama-ws-l-9478031.html|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal

2026-03-30T01:43:53Z

MDPOliva97: new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal
| image = Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal.jpg
| caption = Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal in 2022
| image_size =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Jagdev Kalan, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| alma_mater =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Mann ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Punjab (India)|Government of Punjab]]
| predecessor = [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| successor =
| governor = [[Banwarilal Purohit]] [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Mann ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = Rural Development & Panchayats Minister Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare NRI Affairs <ref name="Mann keeps Home, 26 others, gives Finance to Cheema; Mines to Bains">{{cite news |last1= |title=Mann keeps Home, 26 others, gives Finance to Cheema; Mines to Bains |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhagwant-mann-keeps-home-harpal-singh-cheema-gets-finance-7830421/ |accessdate=23 March 2022 |date=22 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323164504/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhagwant-mann-keeps-home-harpal-singh-cheema-gets-finance-7830421/ |archivedate=23 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| term_start = 21 March 2022
| term_end =
| office1 = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<ref>[http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/72 Members detail ''punjabassembly.nic.in'']</ref>
| constituency1 = [[Ajnala Assembly constituency|Ajnala]]
| term_start1 = 10 March 2022
| predecessor1 = [[Harpartap Singh]]
| majority =
| predecessor2 =
| successor1 =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
}}
'''Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Ajnala Assembly constituency]] also Cabinet Minister in Punjab Government led by CM Bhagwant Mann. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="Playing 20 March 2022">{{cite news |title=The playing 11: CM Bhagwant Mann’s cabinet ministers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-playing-11-cm-bhagwant-manns-cabinet-ministers-7827473/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310065739/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310030153/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
Dhaliwal was elected as the [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. He represented the [[Ajnala Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He took oath as a cabinet minister along with nine other MLAs on 19 March at Guru Nanak Dev auditorium of [[Raj Bhavan, Punjab|Punjab Raj Bhavan]] in [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="Tribune 18 March 2022">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Ten Punjab ministers to take oath on Saturday |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-ministers-to-take-oath-on-saturday-378869 |access-date=18 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=18 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318092034/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-ministers-to-take-oath-on-saturday-378869 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NDTV 25K 19 March 2022">{{cite news |title=25,000 Government Jobs For Punjab: New Chief Minister's 1st Decision |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-000-government-jobs-for-punjab-new-chief-minister-bhagwant-manns-1st-decision-2831372 |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=NDTV.com |agency=Press Trust of India |date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319125442/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-000-government-jobs-for-punjab-new-chief-minister-bhagwant-manns-1st-decision-2831372 |url-status=live }}</ref> Eight ministers including Dhaliwal who took oath were greenhorn (first term) MLAs.<ref name="CabinetOath 19 March 2022">{{cite news |title=In Mann’s first list of Cabinet ministers, 8 greenhorn MLAs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-finalises-names-of-10-ministers-in-punjab-giant-killers-ignored-7826232/ |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=19 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319064250/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-finalises-names-of-10-ministers-in-punjab-giant-killers-ignored-7826232/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

As a cabinet minister in the [[Mann ministry]], Dhaliwal was given the charge of three departments of the [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]]:<ref name="Tribune News 21 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab portfolios announced; CM Mann keeps Home and Vigilance, Cheema gets Finance, Singla Health, Harbhajan Power |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-portfolios-announced-cheema-gets-finance-and-revenue-harbhajan-eto-power-dr-baljit-women-welfare-and-child-development-379489 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
# Department of Rural Development & Panchayats
# Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare
# Department of NRI Affairs

==Assets and liabilities declared during elections==
During the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], He declared Rs. 1,63,16,898 as an overall financial asset and Rs. 36,55,790 as financial liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal(AAP):Constituency- AJNALA(AMRITSAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=278 |website=www.myneta.info |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency}}
{{#section:Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|General Election 2019}}
{{transcluded section|source=Ajnala Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Ajnala Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Animal Husbandry, Fisheries & Dairy Development]]
| years = March–May 2022
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Laljit Singh Bhullar]]}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Brahm Mohindra]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Minister of Rural Development & Panchayats]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pargat Singh]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|NRI Affairs]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Ajnala
| before =[[Harpartap Singh]]
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-off}}
{{s-end}}

{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhaliwal, Kuldeep Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
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Sinosphere

2026-03-28T13:16:06Z

MDPOliva97: quick adjust article after review and updated info

{{Short description|Areas historically influenced by Chinese culture}}
{{About|a group of nations historically influenced by Chinese culture|3=Sinosphere (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|East Asian cultural sphere|3=Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere|the Japanese imperialist concept}}
{{broader|Culture of East Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Sinosphere
| pic = East Asian Cultural Sphere.svg
| picsize = 300px
| order = ts
| t = {{ubl|東亞文化圈|漢字文化圈}}
| s = {{ubl|东亚文化圈|汉字文化圈}}
| l = {{ubl|East Asian cultural sphere|Chinese character cultural sphere}}
| p = {{ubl|Dōngyà wénhuà quān|Hànzì wénhuà quān}}
| bpmf = {{ubl|ㄉㄨㄥㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ|ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ}}
| j = {{ubl|Dung1aa3 man4faa3hyun1|Hon3zi6 man4faa3hyun1}}
| wuu = {{ubl|ton-ia ven-ho-chioe|hoe-zr ven-ho-chioe}}
| poj = {{ubl|Tang-a bûn-hòa-khoan|Hàn-jī bûn-hòa-khoan}}
| tl = {{ubl|Tang-a bûn-huà-khua|Hàn-jī bûn-huà-khuan}}
| buc = {{ubl|Dĕ̤ng Ā ùng-huá-kuŏng|Háng-cê ùng-huá-kuŏng}}
| phfs = {{ubl|Tûng-â vùn-fa-khiên|Hon-sṳ vùn-fa-khiên}}
| kanji = {{ubl|東亜文化圏|漢字文化圏}}
| revhep = {{ubl|tō-a bunkaken|kanji bunkaken}}
| kunrei = {{ubl|Tou-A Bunkaken|Kanzi Bunkaken}}
| hanja = {{ubl|東亞文化圈|漢字文化圈}}
| hangul = {{ubl|동아문화권|한자문화권}}
| rr = {{ubl|Dong-a Munhwagwon|Hanja Munhwagwon}}
| mr = {{ubl|Tong'a Munhwakwŏn|Hancha Munhwakwŏn}}
| qn = {{ubl|Vùng văn hóa Á Đông|Vùng văn hóa Đông Á|Vùng văn hóa chữ Hán}}
| chunom = {{ubl|塳文化亞東|塳文化東亞|塳文化𡨸漢}}
| mi = {{ubl|{{IPAc-cmn|d|ong|1|.|ya|4|-|wen|2|.|h|ua|4|-|quan|1}}|{{IPAc-cmn|h|an|4|.|zi|4|-|wen|2|.|h|ua|4|-|quan|1}}}}
| ci = {{ubl|{{IPAc-yue|d|ung|1|.|aa|3|-|m|an|4|.|f|aa|3|.|h|yun|1|}}{{!}}{{IPAc-yue|h|on|3|.|z|i|6|-|m|an|4|.|f|aa|3|.|h|yun|1|}}
| y = {{ubl|Dūng'a màhnfahyūn|Honjih màhnfahyūn}}
| tp = {{ubl|Dong-yà wún-huà cyuan|Hàn-zìh wún-huà cyuan}}
| w = {{ubl|{{tonesup|Tung1-ya4 wen2-hua4 chʻüan1}}|{{tonesup|Han4-tzu4 wen2-hua4 chʻüan1}}}}
}}
| Mongolian = ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠥᠶᠥᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
}}
{{Contains special characters|Vietnamese}}
[[File:Chinese Dragon 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Chinese dragon]]s, legendary creatures in Sinosphere mythology and culture]]
[[File:Character-sphere.png|thumb|A map of the families of [[List of writing systems|writing systems]] in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Red: [[Chinese characters]]; Green: [[Brahmi script]]; Blue: [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] ([[Mongolian script]], [[Manchu alphabet]], [[Old Uyghur alphabet]], and [[Arabic script]]).]]
[[File:China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan in 1100 AD.svg|thumb|Map of the Sinosphere nations (Japan, Korea, China and Vietnam) in the 11th century]]
The '''Sinosphere''',{{sfnm|1a1=Fogel|1y=2009|2a1=Matisoff|2y=1990}} also known as the '''Chinese cultural sphere''',<ref name="CCS">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Linjun|last2=Han|first2=Zaizhu|last3=Zhang|first3=Yang|year=2022|title=Reading Acquisition of Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8PrKEAAAQBAJ&dq=sinosphere+chinese+cultural+sphere&pg=PA131|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=12|page=131|isbn=978-2-832-52952-2 |access-date=26 December 2023}}</ref> '''East Asian cultural sphere''',{{sfnm|1a1=Lowe|1a2=Yasuhara|1y=2016|2a1=Choi|2y=2010}} or the '''Sinic world''',{{sfn|Reischauer|1974}} encompasses multiple countries in [[East Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]] that were historically heavily influenced by [[Chinese culture]].{{sfn|Reischauer|1974}}<ref name="Fuchs" /> The Sinosphere comprises [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]] and historically the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]].{{sfnm|1a1=Lowe|1a2=Yasuhara|1y=2016|2a1=Wang|2y=2015|3a1=Denecke|3a2=Nguyen|3y=2017}} [[Singapore]] might also be included due to modern-era [[overseas Chinese]] migration.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gold|first=Thomas B.|year=1993|title=Go with Your Feelings: Hong Kong and Taiwan Popular Culture in Greater China|journal=The China Quarterly|volume=136|issue=136|pages=907–925|doi=10.1017/S0305741000032380|jstor=655596|s2cid=154597583 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref> The Sinosphere is different from the [[Sinophone]] world, which indicates regions where the [[Chinese language]] is spoken.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hee|first=Wai-Siam|title=Remapping the Sinophone: The Cultural Production of Chinese-Language Cinema in Singapore and Malaya before and during the Cold War|year=2019|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctvx1hwmg |jstor=j.ctvx1hwmg|isbn=978-9-888-52803-5|s2cid=213443949}}</ref>

[[Imperial China]] was a major regional power in Eastern Asia and exerted influence on [[tributary system of China|tributary]] states and neighboring states, including Japan, Korea and Vietnam.{{efn|Vietnam and Korea remained tributary states of China for much of their histories, while Japan only submitted fully to Chinese [[regional hegemony]] during the [[Muromachi period]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kang, David C. |title=East Asia before the West: five centuries of trade and tribute|year=2012|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-15319-5|edition=Paperback|location=New York}}</ref><ref>Howe, Christopher. The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia. p. 337</ref>}} These interactions brought ideological and cultural influences rooted in [[Confucianism]], [[Taoism]] and [[East Asian Buddhism]]. The four cultures were ruled by their respective emperors under similar administrative systems, furthermore, the adoption of the Confucian-based [[imperial examination]] system deeply influenced the bureaucracy and social structure of Korea and Vietnam. [[List of Chinese inventions|Chinese inventions]] influenced, and were in turn influenced by, innovations of the other cultures in governance, philosophy, science, and the arts.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-first=Nanxiu |editor-last=Qian |editor2-first=Richard J. |editor2-last=Smith |editor3-first=Bowei |editor3-last=Zhang |title=Rethinking the Sinosphere: Poetics, Aesthetics, and Identity Formation|publisher=Cambria |year=2020|isbn=978-1-604-97990-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor-first=Nanxiu |editor-last=Qian |editor2-first=Richard J. |editor2-last=Smith |editor3-first=Bowei |editor3-last=Zhang |title=Reexamining the Sinosphere: Cultural Transmissions and Transformations in East Asia|publisher=Cambria|year=2020|isbn=978-1-604-97987-9}}</ref><ref>{{multiref | {{Cite book |title=Confucius in East Asia: Confucianism's History in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |author1=Jeffrey L. Richey|year=2013 |isbn=978-0-924-30473-6}} | {{cite book |title=East Asian Confucianism: Interactions and Innovations |publisher=Rutgers University |editor1=Ching-I Tu |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-615-38932-5}} | {{Cite book |title=East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts |publisher=National Taiwan University Press |editor1-first=Chun-chieh |editor1-last=Huang |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-847-10408-7}} }}</ref> [[Literary Chinese]] became the written [[lingua franca]] for bureaucracy and communications,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Denecke |first1=Wiebke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tO4wDgAAQBAJ&dq=Written+Classical+Chinese+became+the+regional+lingua+franca+for+literary&pg=PA518 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900 CE) |last2=Li |first2=Wai-yee |last3=Tian |first3=Xiaofei |year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-199-35659-1}}</ref> and [[Chinese characters]] became locally adapted as [[kanji]] in Japan, [[hanja]] in Korea, and {{langr|vi|[[chữ Hán]]}} in Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Asher |first1=R. E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWDwAAQBAJ&dq=Chinese+characters+were+adapted+to+local+uses,+and+Japanese+or+Korean+or+Vietnamese&pg=PR187 |title=Atlas of the World's Languages |last2=Moseley |first2=Christopher |date=19 April 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-85108-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lacoste |first1=Véronique |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIHnBQAAQBAJ&dq=Chinese+characters+were+adapted+to+local+uses,+and+Japanese+or+Korean+or+Vietnamese&pg=PA296 |title=Indexing Authenticity: Sociolinguistic Perspectives |last2=Leimgruber |first2=Jakob |last3=Breyer |first3=Thiemo |date=14 October 2014 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-110-34701-2}}</ref>

The literary importance of classical Chinese was moderated as Japan, Korea and Vietnam invented their own [[phonogram (linguistics)|phonographic]] writing systems, with Japan developing the [[katakana]] and [[hiragana]] scripts, Korea creating the [[hangul]], and Vietnam initially developing {{langr|vi|[[chữ Nôm]]}} but replacing it with [[Latin alphabet]]-based [[Vietnamese alphabet]] since 1910s due to [[French Indochina|French colonization]]. However Classical Chinese or modified versions of it such as [[kanbun]] and the [[Idu script]] remained in official use until the modern era.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Robert|2006}}</ref>{{sfn|Li|2020|p=78, 90, 102-106}} In the 21st century, ideological and cultural influences of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism remain visible in [[high culture]] and social doctrines.

==Terminology==
Ancient China was one of the [[Cradle of civilization|cradles of civilization]], with the emergent cultures that arose from the migration of [[Han Chinese|Han]] settlers from the [[Yellow River]] generally regarded as the origin of the East Asian world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |title=Huang He Valley |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/huang-he-valley/ |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=National Geographic Society}}</ref>

Japanese historian {{Interlanguage link|Nishijima Sadao|lt=|ja|西嶋定生|WD=}} (1919–1998), professor emeritus at the [[University of Tokyo]], coined the term {{Nihongo3|'East Asian Cultural Sphere'|東亜文化圏|Tōa bunka-ken}} to refer to an East Asian cultural sphere distinct from the cultures of the West. According to Nishijima, this cultural sphere—which includes China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam—shared the philosophy of [[Confucianism]], the religion of [[Buddhism]], and similar political and social structures stemming from a background of historical [[Classical Chinese]] scholars.<ref name="Fuchs">Wang Hui, "'Modernity and 'Asia' in the Study of Chinese History," in Eckhardt Fuchs, Benedikt Stuchtey, eds.,''Across cultural borders: historiography in global perspective'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=4wtBb5sWLyYC&pg=PA322] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002 {{ISBN|978-0-7425-1768-4}}), p. 322.</ref> It has also been informally referred to as the "[[chopsticks]] sphere" due to perceived native use of these utensils across the region.<ref>{{Cite conference |title=Achieving Quality Assurance and Moving to a World Class University in the 21st Century |conference=American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) & Blackboard Education Executive Symposium |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED543062.pdf |last=Lee |first=Lung-Sheng Steven |date=2013-06-04 |location=Taipei, Taiwan|via=Institute of Education Science}}</ref>{{sfn|Wang|2015|pp=67–92}}

===Etymology===
The term ''{{linktext|Sinosphere}}'' is derived from ''{{linktext|Sino-}}'' 'China' ({{cf.}} [[Sinophone]]) + ''{{linktext|-sphere}}'', in the sense of the [[sphere of influence]] under the influence of a country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Handel |first=Zev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTCbDwAAQBAJ&dq=term+Sinosphere&pg=PA10 |title=Sinography: The Borrowing and Adaptation of the Chinese Script |year=2019 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-35222-3}}</ref>

The [[CJK]] languages—Chinese, Japanese, Korean—each use cognate terms to translate English ''sphere'':
* Chinese {{tlit|zh|quān}} ({{ZH|{{linktext|圈}}}}; 'circle', 'ring', 'pen')
* Japanese {{tlit|ja|ken}} ({{lang|ja|圏、けん}}; 'sphere', 'circle', 'range', 'radius')
* Korean {{tlit|ko|gwon}} ({{lang|ko|권}}; from {{lang|ko-Hani|圏}})

Unlike with the other languages of the Sinosphere, the corresponding Vietnamese cognate {{lang|vi|khuyên}} {{lang|vi-Hani|圈}} is not used to mean 'sphere' or 'area'.{{efn|In Vietnamese, {{lang|vi|khuyên}} ({{lang|vi-Hani|圈}}) has the meaning of 'earring'. The sense of the word as meaning 'sphere' is only found in Literary Chinese texts.}} Instead, {{lang|vi|vùng}} ('region', 'area') is used. The Chinese {{lang|zh|東亞文化圈}} is translated in Vietnamese as {{lang|vi|Vùng văn hóa Á Đông}} ({{lang|vi-Hani|塳文化亞東}}).

In the [[Ryukyuan languages]], {{lang|ryu-Hani|圏}} ({{lang|ryu|ちん}}; {{tlit|ryu|chin}}) is not used to mean 'sphere', 'area', or 'domain' and only appears in ''[[kammun]]'' texts written by Ryukyuans. Instead, {{lang|ryu-Hani|世}} ({{tlit|ryu|yu}}) is used to mean 'world' or 'sphere'. As such, {{ZH|漢字文化圏}} and {{ZH|東亜文化圏}} would be translated as {{tlit|ryu|kanjii tiigata nu yu}} ({{lang|ryu-Hani|漢字一型ぬ世}}) and {{tlit|ryu|too-a tiigata nu yu}} ({{lang|ryu-Hani|東亜一型ぬ世}}), respectively.

[[Victor H. Mair]] discussed the origins of these 'culture sphere' terms.<ref>Victor Mair, [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4306 Sinophone and Sinosphere], [[Language Log]], 8 November 2012.</ref>
The Chinese {{tlit|zh|wénhuà quān}} ({{ZH|文化圈}}) dates to a 1941 translation for the German term {{lang|de|[[Kulturkreis]]}}, ('culture circle, field'), which the Austrian ethnologists [[Fritz Graebner]] and [[Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)|Wilhelm Schmidt]] proposed. Japanese historian {{Interlanguage link|Nishijima Sadao|lt=|ja|西嶋定生|WD=}} coined the expressions {{nihongo|''Kanji bunka ken''|漢字文化圏||'Chinese-character culture sphere'}} and {{nihongo|''Chuka bunka ken''|中華文化圏||'Chinese culture sphere'}}, which China later re-borrowed as [[loanwords]].
The Sinosphere may be taken to be synonymous to [[History of China#Ancient China|Ancient China]] and its descendant civilizations as well as the "Far Eastern civilizations" (the Mainland and the Japanese ones). In Toynbee's ''[[A Study of History]]'' (1934–1961), the Sinosphere is presented as among the major "units of study", along with the [[Western world|Western]], Islamic, Eastern Orthodox, and Indic civilizations.<ref>See the "family tree" of Toynbee's "civilizations" in any edition of Toynbee's work, or e.g. as Fig.1 on p.16 of: ''The Rhythms of History: A Universal Theory of Civilizations'', By Stephen Blaha. Pingree-Hill Publishing, 2002. {{ISBN|0-9720795-7-2}}.</ref>

=== Comparisons with the West ===
British historian [[Arnold J. Toynbee]] lists the Far Eastern civilization as one of the main civilizations outlined in his book ''[[A Study of History]]''. He proposes that the initial "Sinic civilization" originating in the Yellow River basin gradually grew into the subsequent "Far Eastern civilization", which extended to the Yangzi region and into Korea and Japan.<ref name="Sun p.154">{{cite book|last=Sun|first=Lung-kee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9_U-XdJ3iYC&pg=PA154|title=The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7656-3936-3|page=154}}</ref> Commonalities within the Far Eastern civilization were the result of developing from a "Sinic universal state".<ref name="Sun p.188" /> Toynbee contrasts this "affiliation" relationship between the Sinic and Far Eastern civilizations with the "apparentation-affiliation" relationship between the Hellenic and Western civilizations.<ref name="Sun p.188">{{cite book|last=Sun|first=Lung-kee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZgRtzGLG_oC&pg=PA188|title=The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7656-0826-0|page=188}}</ref>

American [[sinologist]] and historian [[Edwin O. Reischauer]] also groups China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam into a cultural sphere that he calls the "Sinic world", a group of centralized states that share a Confucian ethical philosophy. Reischauer states that this culture originated in northern China, and compares the relationship between northern China and East Asia to that of [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman civilization]] and Europe. The elites of East Asia were tied together through a common written language based on Chinese characters, much in the way that Latin functioned in Europe.{{sfn|Reischauer|1974}}

In his book ''[[The Clash of Civilizations]]'', American political scientist [[Samuel P. Huntington]] considers the Sinic world as one of the modern (post–[[Cold War]]) civilizations. He notes that "all scholars recognize the existence of either a single distinct Chinese civilization dating back to at least 1500 B.C. and perhaps a thousand years earlier, or of two Chinese civilizations, one succeeding the other, in the early centuries of the Christian epoch".<ref>''The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.'' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996; {{ISBN|0684811642}}), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq75qmi3Og8C p. 45]</ref> Huntington's Sinic civilization includes China, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam, and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.<ref name="Davis">{{cite book|author=William E. Davis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1okRtHKiLIC&pg=PA197|title=Peace and Prosperity in an Age of Incivility|publisher=University Press of America|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7618-3248-5|page=197}}</ref> Of the many civilizations that Huntington discusses, the Sinic world is the only one that is based on a cultural, rather than religious, identity.<ref name="Blinnikov">{{cite book|author=Michail S. Blinnikov|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcoodEOmnMUC&pg=PA132|title=A Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-60623-933-9|page=132}}</ref> Huntington theorizes that in a post–Cold War world, humanity "[identifies] with cultural groups: tribes, ethnic groups, religious communities [and] at the broadest level, civilizations".<ref name="Sun p.032">{{cite book|author=Lung-kee Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZgRtzGLG_oC&pg=PA32|title=The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7656-0826-0|page=32}}</ref><ref name="Gusterson">{{cite book|author=Hugh Gusterson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHJRW0GI31MC&pg=PA124|title=People of the bomb: portraits of America's nuclear complex|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8166-3860-4|page=124}}</ref> One exception is Japan, which Huntington considers as a distinct civilization.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McCormack |first1=Gavan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWqlDAAAQBAJ&dq=Huntington+considered+Japan+as+a+distinct+civilization.&pg=PT152 |title=The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence |last2=Field |first2=Norma |date=8 July 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-49935-2}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Meridian Gate (Citadel of Hue) 20190917-2.jpg
| image2 = Meridian Gate (Forbidden City) 2015 December.jpg
| caption2 = The Meridian Gates of [[Meridian Gate (Huế)|Huế]] (top) and [[Meridian Gate|Beijing]] (bottom). Chinese architecture has had a major influence on the East Asian architectural styles of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan.
}}
[[File:Tsunami by hokusai 19th century.jpg|thumb|[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa|Great Wave off Kanagawa]], one of the most famous Japanese woodblock prints ]]Cultural commonalities among the Sinosphere countries reflect their shared source of influence from Imperial China.

=== Structure of the personal name ===
{{Main|Chinese name|Japanese name|Korean name|Vietnamese name}}

The structure of personal names in the Sinosphere follows the surname-first order, also known as the [[Eastern name order]]. Additionally, [[Korean name|Korean]] and [[Vietnamese name|Vietnamese]] personal name share a structure similar to [[Chinese name|Chinese one]], in that they have some monosyllabic surnames in common (e.g. [[Lee (surname 李)|Lee]], [[Chen (surname)|Chen]],..), and full names typically consist of about two to four Chinese characters.

===Arts===
* '''[[Chinese Architecture|Architecture]]''': Countries of the East Asian cultural sphere ([[Japanese architecture|Japan]], [[Korean architecture|Korea]], [[Architecture of Mongolia|Mongolia]], [[Vietnamese architecture|Vietnam]], [[Taiwanese architecture|Taiwan]], [[Architecture of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]) share a common architectural style stemming from the [[Chinese architecture|architecture of ancient China]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tA_3y2XsMMsC | title=How to Prepare for the AP World History| isbn=978-0-7641-1816-6| last1=McCannon| first1=John| date=February 2002| publisher=Barrons Educational Series}}</ref>
* '''[[Chinese Calligraphy|Calligraphy]]''': ''[[Cursive script (East Asia)|Caoshu]]'' is a cursive [[Script styles|script style]] used in Chinese and East Asian calligraphy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pan |first=Lu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJbzCQAAQBAJ&dq=Caoshu+is+a+cursive+script-style+used+in+Chinese+and+East+Asian+calligraphy.&pg=PA12 |title=Aestheticizing Public Space: Street Visual Politics in East Asian Cities |date=22 June 2015 |publisher=Intellect Books |isbn=978-1-78320-453-3}}</ref>
* '''Cinema''': see [[Cinema of Hong Kong|Hong Kong cinema]], [[Cinema of Taiwan|Taiwanese cinema]], [[Cinema of China|Chinese cinema]], [[Cinema of Japan|Japanese cinema]], [[Cinema of Korea|Korean cinema]], [[Vietnamese cinema]]
* '''Comic''': see ''[[manga]]'' (Japanese comics), ''[[manhua]]'' (Chinese comics), ''[[manhwa]]'' (Korean comics), ''[[truyện tranh]]'' (Vietnamese comics)
* '''Gardening''': The art of cultivating miniature trees and landscapes: see ''[[bonsai]]'' (Japanese), ''[[penjing]]'' (Chinese), ''[[bunjae]]'' (Korean), ''[[hòn non bộ]]'' (Vietnamese)
* '''Martial arts''': see ''[[Chinese martial arts|gōngfu]]'' (kung fu; Chinese martial arts); ''[[taekwondo]]'' and ''[[hapkido]]'' (Korean martial arts); ''[[karate]]'', ''[[aikido]]'', ''[[judo]]'', ''[[jujutsu]]'' and ''[[sumo]]'' (Japanese martial arts); ''[[vovinam]]'' and ''[[Nhất Nam|nhất nam]]'' (Vietnamese martial arts)
* '''Music''': [[List of Chinese musical instruments|Chinese musical instruments]], such as the ''[[erhu]]'', have influenced those of [[Traditional music of Korea|Korea]], [[Music of Japan|Japan]], [[Music of Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Music of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], and [[Music of Vietnam|Vietnam]] and [[Yazheng]] influenced Japan ([[Koto (instrument)|''koto'']]), Korea(''[[gayageum]]'') and Mongolia (''[[yatga]]'').
* '''Clothing''': ''[[hanfu]]'', ''[[hanbok]]'', [[việt phục]], and ''[[wafuku]]'' all use silk. [[Jade]] jewelry and ornaments are also highly valued throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.
{{gallery|mode=packed|height=200
|File:Officials.jpeg|[[Ming dynasty]]'s mandarins in imperial costume
|File:Sim_Hwan-ji.jpg|[[Joseon]]'s Sim Hwan-ji in [[Gwanbok]]
|File:Prince Mikasa Takahito wearing Sokutai.jpg| Japanese prince [[Takahito, Prince Mikasa|Takahito]] in [[Sokutai]]|File:Nam Giao3.jpg|Vietnamese officials wearing [[Mianfu]] during the Nam Giao ceremony}}
[[File:3Z3A3707.jpg|thumb|[[Mongolian calligraphy]] is deeply influenced by the Sinosphere.]]

===Cuisine===
{{Main|East Asian cuisine}}

{{See also|Chinese cuisine|List of Chinese dishes|Vietnamese cuisine|Japanese cuisine|Korean cuisine|Taiwanese cuisine}}

The cuisine of East Asia shares many of the same ingredients and techniques. [[Chopsticks]] are used as an eating utensil in all of the core East Asian countries.<ref name="Davidson">{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Alan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcNdB_sl2JkC&pg=PA22|title=Food in Motion: The Migration of Foodstuffs and Cookery Techniques : Proceedings: Oxford Symposium 1983|publisher=Oxford Symposium|year=1981|isbn=978-0-907325-07-9|page=22}}</ref> The use of soy sauce, which is made from fermenting soybeans, is also widespread in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Katz |first=Sandor Ellix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zmLa205d0QC&dq=use+of+soy+sauce,+which+is+made+from+fermenting+soybeans,+is+also+widespread+in+east+asia&pg=PA325 |title=The Art of Fermentation: New York Times Bestseller |date=14 May 2012 |publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing |isbn=978-1-60358-364-0}}</ref>

Rice is the staple food in all of East Asia and is a major focus of [[food security]].<ref name="Chern">{{cite book|author1=Wen S. Chern|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcOmGXTqYWMC&pg=PA2|title=Food security in Asia: economics and policies|author2=Colin A. Carter|author3=Shun-yi Shei|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2000|isbn=978-1-78254-334-3|page=2}}</ref> People who have no rice are often seen as having no food. Moreover, in East Asian countries such as Japan ({{Lang|ja|御飯}}; {{Transliteration|ja|gohan}}), Korea (밥; ''bap''), and Vietnam (''cơm;'' 𩚵 or 粓), the word for "cooked rice" can embody the meaning of food in general.<ref name="Davidson" />

Popular terms associated with East Asian cuisine include [[Tapioca balls|boba]], [[kimchi]], [[sushi]], [[hot pot]], tea, [[dim sum]], [[ramen]], as well as [[phở]], [[sashimi]], [[udon]], and [[chả giò]].<ref name="Kim">{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Kwang-Ok|title=Re-Orienting Cuisine: East Asian Foodways in the Twenty-First Century|date=1 February 2015|publisher=Berghahn Books, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-78238-563-9|page=14}}</ref>

===Traditions===
* '''Fashion''': see ''[[hanfu]]'' and ''[[cheongsam]]'' (or ''qipao'') (Chinese and Manchu); [[Vietnamese clothing]] (Vietnamese, including ''[[áo dài]]''); Mongolian clothing ([[Deel (clothing)|deel]]) ''[[hanbok]]'' (Korean); ''[[kimono]]'' and ''[[wafuku]]'' (Japanese)
* '''Dance''': The [[lion dance]] is a form of traditional dance in [[Culture of China|Chinese culture]] and other East Asian countries, in which performers in a lion costume mimic a lion's movements to bring good luck and fortune. Aside from China, versions of the lion dance are found in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, and Taiwan. Lion dances are usually performed during [[Lunar New Year]] celebrations.
* '''New Year''': China (''[[Chinese New Year|Zhōngguó Xīn Nián]]''), Korea (''[[Seollal]]''), Vietnam (''[[Tết Nguyên Đán]]''), Mongolia ([[Tsagaan Sar|''Tsagaan sar'']]), Japan (''[[Koshōgatsu]]''), and Taiwan traditionally observe the same Lunar New Year. However, Japan has moved its New Year ({{Lang|ja-latn|[[Shōgatsu]]}}) to fit the Western [[New Year]] since the [[Meiji Restoration]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} Although mainland Japan no longer celebrates Lunar New Year, some indigenous minority ethnic groups in Japan still do, such as the [[Ryukyuan people]] ([[Okinawans]]). Okinawa has traditionally observed the Lunar New Year because of heavy Chinese influence in its past. Okinawans still celebrate and partake in many traditions for Lunar New Year, though to less of an extent than Western New Year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tradition: Okinawa Lunar New Year Celebration |url=https://travelthruhistory.com/tradition-onikawa-lunar-new-year-celebration/ |website=Travelthruhistory |date=20 January 2010 |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>

===Literature===
{{Main|Adoption of Chinese literary culture}}

[[File:佛說大報父母恩重經 Sinosphere.png|thumb|Illustrated editions of the [[Sutra of Filial Piety]] (佛說大報父母恩重經) in Korean (left), Vietnamese (center), and Japanese (right). The Korean edition includes [[Hangul]] annotations, the Vietnamese edition includes a [[Giải âm]] translation, and the Japanese edition includes [[Kanbun]] glossing.]]
East Asian literary culture is based on the use of [[Literary Chinese]], which became the medium of scholarship, administration, and government across the region. Although Vietnam, Korea, and Japan each developed vernacular writing systems for their languages, these were limited to popular literature.<ref name="Kornicki">{{citation|last=Kornicki|first=P.F.|title=New Word Order: Transnational Themes in Book History|pages=65–79|year=2011|postscript=.|editor1-last=Chakravorty|editor1-first=Swapan|chapter=A transnational approach to East Asian book history|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjJBrKfCKIYC&pg=PA65|publisher=Worldview Publications|isbn=978-81-920651-1-3|author-link=Peter Kornicki|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=Abhijit}}{{Harvnb|Kornicki|2011|pp=75–77}}</ref> Literary Chinese remained the medium of formal writing until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when it was swept away by rising nationalism and displaced by vernacular writing.{{sfnp|Kornicki|2011|pp=66–67}}

Though they did not use Chinese for spoken communication, each country had its own tradition of reading texts aloud, the so-called [[Sino-Xenic pronunciations]], which provide clues to the pronunciation of [[Middle Chinese]]. Chinese words with these pronunciations were also borrowed extensively by local vernaculars and today comprise over half their vocabularies.{{sfnp|Miyake|2004|pp=98–99}} [[Vernacular Chinese|Vernacular or standard Chinese]] encompassing [[varieties of Chinese]] also developed alongside the use of Literary Chinese.

Books in Literary Chinese were widely distributed. By the 7th century and possibly earlier, [[woodblock printing]] had been developed in China. At first, it was used only to copy Buddhist scriptures, but later secular works were also printed. By the 13th century, metal [[movable type]] was used by government printers in Korea but seems to have not been extensively used in China, Vietnam, or Japan. At the same time, manuscript reproduction remained important until the late 19th century.{{sfnp|Kornicki|2011|p=68}}

Japan's [[textual scholarship]] had Chinese origins, which made Japan one of the birthplaces of modern [[sinology]].<ref>"Given Japan's strong tradition of Chinese textual scholarship, encouraged further by visits by eminent Chinese scholars since the early 20th century, Japan has been one of the birthplaces of modern sinology outside China" Early China – A Social and Cultural History, page 11. Cambridge University Press.</ref>

The [[Four Books and Five Classics]] are the authoritative books of [[Confucianism]], which were used to study for civil service examinations in [[Imperial examination|China]], [[Gwageo|Korea]], and [[Confucian court examination system in Vietnam|Vietnam]].

==Philosophy and religion==
{{Main|East Asian religions|Eastern philosophy#East Asian philosophies|l2 = East Asian philosophies|3 = Three teachings}}

''[[The Art of War]]'', ''[[Tao Te Ching]]'', ''[[I Ching]]'', and ''[[Analects]]'' are classic Chinese texts that have been influential in East Asian history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willett-Wei |first=Megan |title=30 Books That Changed the Course of History |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/books-that-changed-history-2014-12 |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> More generally, the philosophies and practices of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism have had long-standing and deep-rooted influence in Sinosphere countries.

===Taoism===
{{Main|Taoism}}

{{More citations needed section|date=November 2024}}

Taoism has influenced countries throughout the Sinosphere. The Taoist school of thought emerged in China from the teachings of [[Lao Tse]]. It follows the search for the ''tao'', a concept that is equivalent to a 'path' or 'course' and represents the cosmic force that creates the universe and all things. According to this belief, the wisdom of the ''tao'' is the only source of the universe and represents a natural path of life events. Thus, the adherents of Taoism follow the search for ''tao'', which represents the strength of the universe.

The most important text in Taoism, the ''[[Tao Te Ching]]'' ("Book of the Way and Virtue", c. 300 BC), declares that the ''tao'' is the "source" of the universe, thus considered a creative principle, but not as a deity. Nature manifests itself spontaneously, without a higher intention, and it is up to humans to integrate, through "non-action" (''wu wei'') and spontaneity (''zi ran''), to its flow and rhythms, in order to achieve happiness and a long life.

Taoism is a combination of teachings from various sources; it manifests as a system that can be philosophical, religious, or ethical. The tradition can also be presented as a worldview and a way of life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hansen |first=Chad |title=Daoism |date=2024 |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/daoism/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |edition=Summer 2024 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>

===Buddhism===
{{Main|East Asian Buddhism}}
[[File:Red Japanese temple (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|[[Mahayana]] Buddhism, a religion particular to the Sinic world ]]Buddhist philosophy is guided by the teachings of the Buddha, which lead the individual to [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] through meditative practices, mindfulness, and reflection on their daily actions. The belief is that physical and spiritual awareness leads to a state of enlightenment called ''[[nirvana]]'', which, according to Buddha, is the highest state of meditation. In this state the individual finds peace and tranquility above the oscillations of thoughts and emotions and is rid of the inherent suffering of the physical world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddhism |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/buddhism |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref>

[[East Asian Buddhism|Buddhism in the Sinosphere]] is or derives from [[Mahayana Buddhism]], a sect which is seen to be intertwined within [[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Yi-Ying |last2=Swanson |first2=Dena Phillips |last3=Rogge |first3=Ronald David |date=2021 |title=The Three Teachings of East Asia (TTEA) Inventory: Developing and Validating a Measure of the Interrelated Ideologies of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=12 |article-number=626122 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626122 |pmid=33732190 |pmc=7956942 |issn=1664-1078 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It advocates for altruism and compassion, as well as understanding and escaping from [[suffering]] in relation to [[karma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Death and Dying in Buddhism |url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/religion/buddhist-centre/projects/bdr/chaplains/online-guide.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.bristol.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Vegetarianism]] or [[veganism]] is followed by more [[Monasticism|monastic]] or devout Buddhists of this sect, and even among lay Buddhists, as it leads to compassion for all living, sentient beings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tseng |first=Ampere A. |date=2020-02-01 |title=Equivalent Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Mahayana Buddhists Practicing Vegetarian Diets |journal=Journal of Religion and Health |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=598–613 |doi=10.1007/s10943-017-0511-0 |pmid=29058160 |s2cid=33627817 |issn=1573-6571}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapleau |first=Philip |date=1986 |title=To cherish all life：a Buddhist case for becomingvegetarian |edition=2nd |url=https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/jp/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=288089 |publisher=The Zen Center |location=Rochester, New York |isbn=0-940306-00-X |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Davidson |first=Jo Ann |date=Fall 2003 |title=World Religions and the Vegetarian Diet |url=https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1216&context=jats |journal=[[Journal of the Adventist Theological Society]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=114–130}}</ref>

===Confucianism===
{{Main|Confucianism}}
[[File:Confucius Statue at the Confucius Temple.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Confucianism]] plays a crucial part in East Asian culture.]]
[[File:Constellation of Literature pavilion - Temple of Literature, Hanoi - DSC04688.JPG|thumb|[[Temple of Literature, Hanoi]]. Confucian education and [[imperial examination]]s played a huge role in creating scholars and [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|mandarins]] (bureaucrats) for East Asian dynasties.]]The countries of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam share a Confucian philosophical worldview.{{sfn|Reischauer|1974}} Confucianism is a [[humanism|humanistic]]<ref name="juergensmeyer">{{cite book |title=Religion in global civil society |last=Juergensmeyer |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Juergensmeyer |year= 2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-518835-6 |page=70}}</ref> philosophy that believes that human beings are teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are:<ref name="craig">[[Edward Craig (philosopher)|Craig, Edward]]. ''Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction''. {{ISBN|0-19-285421-6}} p. 536</ref>
* ''[[Ren (Confucianism)|rén]]'' ({{lang|zh|仁}}): an obligation of [[altruism]] and humaneness for other individuals
* ''[[Yi (Confucianism)|yì]]'' ({{lang|zh|义}}/{{lang|zh|義}}): the upholding of righteousness and the moral disposition to do good
* ''[[Li (Confucian)|lǐ]]'' ({{lang|zh|礼}}/{{lang|zh|禮}}): a system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act in everyday life

====Neo-Confucianism====
{{Main|Neo-Confucianism}}

[[Mid-Imperial China|Mid-Imperial Chinese]] philosophy is primarily defined by the development of [[neo-Confucianism]], which has its origins in the [[Tang dynasty]]. The Confucianist scholar [[Han Yu]] is seen as a forebear of the neo-Confucianists of the [[Song dynasty]].<ref name="Huang">{{cite book |last=Huang |first=Siu-Chi |year=1999 |title=Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing]] |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-26449-8 |page=5}}</ref> The Song dynasty philosopher [[Zhou Dunyi]] is seen as the first true "pioneer" of neo-Confucianism, using Taoist metaphysics as a framework for his ethical philosophy.<ref name="chan">{{Harvnb|Chan|1963|p=460}}.</ref>

Elsewhere in East Asia, [[Japanese philosophy]] began to develop as indigenous [[Shinto]] beliefs fused with Buddhism, Confucianism, and other schools of [[Chinese philosophy]]. Similarly, in [[Korean philosophy]], elements of [[Korean Shamanism|shamanism]] were integrated into the [[Korean Confucianism|neo-Confucianism]] imported from China. In Vietnam, neo-Confucianism, along with Taoism and Buddhism, were also developed into Vietnam's own {{Lang|vnm|Tam giáo}}, which together with [[Vietnamese folk religion]] shaped [[Vietnamese philosophy]].

===Other religions===
Though not commonly identified with East Asia, the following religions have been influential in its history.

[[Christianity]] is the most popular religion in [[Christianity in Korea|South Korea]], followed by Buddhism.<ref name=":8" /> Significant Christian communities are also found in [[Christianity in China|mainland China]], [[Christianity in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], [[Christianity in Macau|Macau]], [[Christianity in Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Christianity in Singapore|Singapore]], [[Christianity in Japan|Japan]], and [[Christianity in Vietnam|Vietnam]].<ref name="Global Christianity">{{cite web |author=Analysis |date=19 December 2011 |title=Global Christianity |url=http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |access-date=17 August 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226061838/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx }}</ref> In recent years, various [[Christian denomination|denominations]] of Christianity, mainly [[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]], have gained popularity in these areas, due to its own version of spirituality and [[Charity (practice)|charitability]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lai |first=Whalen |date=1992 |title=Chinese Buddhist and Christian Charities: A Comparative History |journal=Buddhist-Christian Studies |volume=12 |pages=5–33 |doi=10.2307/1389952 |jstor=1389952 |issn=0882-0945}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| title=The Charism of Charity in East Asian Culture: Reinterpretation of the Spirit of Simplicity, Humility, and Charitythe | author=Sung-Hae Kim S.C | journal=Vincentian Heritage Journal | volume=18 | issue=2 | url=https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1185&context=vhj | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113174733/https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1185&context=vhj | archive-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> However, it is unlikely to supersede the more natively rooted Buddhism, except in places like [[Religion in South Korea|South Korea]] where Protestantism is more popular.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Choi |first=Hyaeweol |title=The Sacred and the Secular: Protestant Christianity as Lived Experience in Modern Korea: An Introduction |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-korean-studies/article/25/2/279/166817/The-Sacred-and-the-Secular-Protestant-Christianity |access-date=2023-11-13 |journal=Journal of Korean Studies|date=2020 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=279–289 |doi=10.1215/07311613-8551979 }}</ref> In Vietnam, [[Catholic Church in Vietnam|Roman Catholicism]] is prominent, and early Christian missionaries played a historical role in romanizing the Vietnamese language prior to [[French Indochina|French colonial rule]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=N. V. Hai |first=Peter |date=2012 |title=A Brief History of the Catholic Church in Vietnam |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/235950177.pdf |journal=East Asian Pastoral Review |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=109–130}}</ref>

* In South Korea, mainland China, and Hong Kong, Protestantism is the most common denomination, followed by Catholicism.
* In Taiwan, most follow [[Presbyterianism]], followed by Catholicism.
* In Vietnam and Macau, Catholicism is more common, followed by Protestantism.
* In Japan, of the minority that are Christian, 60% were Protestant and the rest were Roman Catholic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-22 |title=A Little Faith: Christianity and the Japanese |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/g00769/a-little-faith-christianity-and-the-japanese.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=nippon.com |language=en}}</ref>
* In places with a Chinese majority but the potential for English as a first language, such as [[Religion in Singapore|Singapore]], Christianity is becoming more popular, with the most popular being Protestant branches, followed by Catholicism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCracken |first=Brett |date=2018-09-24 |title=How the Gospel Takes Root in 'Crazy Rich' Singapore |url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/gospel-takes-root-crazy-rich-singapore/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=The Gospel Coalition |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=STATISTICS SINGAPORE – Infographic – General Household Survey 2015 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/ghs/highlights-of-ghs2015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113234554/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/ghs/highlights-of-ghs2015.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2018 |website=STATISTICS SINGAPORE}}</ref>

[[Islam in China|Islam]] has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.<ref name="Pillsbury">{{citation |last=Pillsbury |first=B. L. K. |title=Muslim History in China: A 1300-year Chronology |journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=10–29 |year=1981 |doi=10.1080/02666958108715833}}.</ref> It is the most popular religion in [[Xinjiang]] and has significant communities in [[Ningxia]].

{{See also|Islam in Hong Kong|Islam in Macau|Islam in Taiwan|Islam in Japan|Islam in Korea|Islam in Singapore|Islam in Vietnam}}

For [[Hinduism]], see [[Hinduism in Vietnam]], [[Hinduism in China]].

No specific religious affiliation may also be practiced, and is often the most cited in several aforementioned countries.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} However, regardless of religious affiliations, most people in the Sinosphere are entwined with traces of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, or native religions and philosophies.

==Language==
[[File:Numbers in Chinese and Sinoxenic languages.png|thumb|upright=1.75|Numbers in Chinese and Sinoxenic languages]]

===Languages and language families===
The following language families are found in and around the East Asian cultural sphere. Some have historically contributed to the vocabulary or development of Sinitic languages, while others have been influenced by them to some degree. Only some of these languages are highly indebted to [[Literary Chinese]] and thus relevant to the East Asian cultural sphere.

{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language family
!Regions spoken
!Major languages
!Note
!Ref
|-
|[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]
|China (PRC & ROC/Taiwan), Singapore, Myanmar, [[Christmas Island]], Bhutan, [[northeast India]], [[Kashmir]], parts of Nepal
|[[Varieties of Chinese]], [[Tibetic languages]], [[Burmese language|Burmese]]
|These are thought to have originated around the [[Yellow River]], north of the [[Yangtze]].
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Li |last2=Wuyun Pan |last3=Yan |first3=Shi |last4=Zhang |first4=Menghan |date=24 April 2019 |title=Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=569 |issue=7754 |pages=112–115 |bibcode=2019Natur.569..112Z |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=31019300 |s2cid=129946000}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sagart |first1=Laurent |last2=Jacques |first2=Guillaume |last3=Lai |first3=Yunfan |last4=Ryder |first4=Robin J. |last5=Thouzeau |first5=Valentin |last6=Greenhill |first6=Simon J. |last7=List |first7=Johann-Mattis |year=2019 |title=Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=116 |issue=21 |pages=10317–10322 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11610317S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1817972116 |pmc=6534992 |pmid=31061123 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]
|Taiwan, Brunei, [[Timor-Leste]], Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], Christmas Island, Madagascar, most of Oceania
|[[Formosan languages]], [[Malaysian Malay|Malay]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[Māori language|Māori]]
|
|<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Fox |first1=James |date=19–20 August 2004 |title=Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies |url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/43158 |conference=Symposium Austronesia, Pascasarjana Linguististik dan Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana |oclc=677432806 |journal=ANU Research Publications |place=Bali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Trejaut |first1=Jean A |last2=Kivisild |first2=Toomas |last3=Loo |first3=Jun Hun |last4=Lee |first4=Chien Liang |last5=He |first5=Chun Lin |last6=Hsu |first6=Chia Jung |last7=Li |first7=Zheng Yuan |last8=Lin |first8=Marie |last9=Penny |first9=David |display-authors=3 |date=2005 |title=Traces of Archaic Mitochondrial Lineages Persist in Austronesian-Speaking Formosan Populations |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=3 |issue=8 |article-number=e247 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247 |pmc=1166350 |pmid=15984912 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|China, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Cyprus, Turkey
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yunusbayev |first1=Bayazit |last2=Metspalu |first2=Mait |last3=Metspalu |first3=Ene |last4=Valeev |first4=Albert |last5=Litvinov |first5=Sergei |last6=Valiev |first6=Ruslan |last7=Akhmetova |first7=Vita |last8=Balanovska |first8=Elena |last9=Balanovsky |first9=Oleg |display-authors=3 |date=21 April 2015 |title=The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=11 |issue=4 |article-number=e1005068 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 |issn=1553-7390 |pmc=4405460 |pmid=25898006 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Blench |first1=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48iKiprsRMwC&pg=PA203 |title=Archaeology and Language II: Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses |last2=Spriggs |first2=Matthew |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-134-82869-2 |page=203}}</ref><ref name="Robbeets">{{Cite web |title=Transeurasian theory: A case of farming/language dispersal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320915864 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref>
|-
|[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]
|Vietnam, Cambodia
|[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
|
|
|-
|[[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]
|Thailand, Laos, parts of southern China
|[[Zhuang language|Zhuang]], [[Thai language|Thai]], [[Lao language|Lao]]
|
|
|-
|[[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]]
|Mongolia, China, Russia
|[[Oirat language|Oirat]], [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Monguor language|Monguor]], [[Dongxiang language|Dongxiang]], [[Buryat language|Buryat]]
|
|
|-
|[[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]]
|China, Russia
|[[Evenki language|Evenki]], [[Manchu language|Manchu]], [[Xibe language|Xibe]]
|
|
|-
|[[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]]
|Korea
|[[Korean language|Korean]], [[Jeju language|Jeju]]
|
|
|-
|[[Japonic languages|Japonic]]
|Japan
|[[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[Hachijo language|Hachijo]]
|
|
|-
|[[Ainu languages|Ainu]]
|Japan
|[[Hokkaido Ainu]]
|The only surviving Ainu language is Hokkaido Ainu.
|
|}

The core languages of the East Asian cultural sphere are predominantly Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese ([[CJKV]]), and their respective variants. These are well-documented to have historically used Chinese characters, with Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese each having roughly 60% of their vocabulary derived from Chinese.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Colonialism and language policy in Viet Nam|last=DeFrancis, John |date=1977|publisher=Mouton|isbn=90-279-7643-0|location=The Hague|oclc=4230408}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Korean language|last=Sohn |first=Ho-min|author-link=Ho-min Sohn|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-36123-0|location=Cambridge, UK|oclc=40200082}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The languages of Japan|last=Shibatani, Masayoshi.|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|others=柴谷, 方良, 1944-|isbn=0-521-36070-6|edition=Reprint 1994|location=Cambridge [England]|oclc=19456186}}</ref> There is a small set of minor languages that are comparable to the core East Asian languages, such as [[Zhuang languages|Zhuang]] and [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong-Mien]]. They are often overlooked, since neither have their own country nor heavily export their culture, but Zhuang has been written in [[Hanzi]]-inspired characters called [[Sawndip]] for over 1,000 years. Hmong, while having supposedly lacked a writing system until modern history, is also suggested to have a similar percentage of Chinese loans to the core CJKV languages.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hmong-Mien language history|last=Ratliff, Martha Susan.|date=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|isbn=978-0-85883-615-0|oclc=741956124}}</ref>

Due to the common usage of Chinese characters across East Asian nations, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese people traditionally can engage in written communication using [[Classical Chinese|Literary Chinese]] without knowing other people's spoken language, a method called [[brushtalk]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=David Chor-Shing |last2=Aoyama |first2=Reijiro |last3=Wong |first3=Tak-sum |date=6 February 2020 |title=Silent conversation through Brushtalk (筆談): The use of Sinitic as a scripta franca in early modern East Asia |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/glochi-2019-0027/html |journal=De Gruyter |volume=6 |pages=1–24|doi=10.1515/glochi-2019-0027 |hdl=10397/88406 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

As a result, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese are also deemed [[Sinoxenic languages|Sino-Xenic languages]] that are highly influenced by ancient forms of Literary Chinese.<ref name=":5">{{Citation |last=Osterkamp |first=Sven |title=Sino-Xenic Readings |date=2015-12-30 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-chinese-language-and-linguistics/sino-xenic-readings-COM_00000388 |access-date=2023-11-10 |publisher=Brill |language=en |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Citation |title=Korean, Vietnamese and Japanese language are so similar to Mandarin(原來韓文、越南文、日文跟中文這麼像) | date=24 June 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcR2n8-2m-o |access-date=2023-11-10 |language=en}}</ref>

{{clear}}

===Writing systems===
[[File:Writing Systems 2.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Writing systems around the world]]

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+ {{Sronly|Writing systems of the Far East}}
! colspan="2" |Writing system
!Regions used
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Logograms]]
|[[Hanzi]] and its variants
|China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Vietnam*, Taiwan
|-
|[[Dongba symbols]]
|China (used by the [[Naxi people|Naxi]] ethnic minorities in China)
|-
|[[Chữ Nôm]]
|Vietnam*, China ([[Dongxing, Guangxi]]), still used by the [[Gin people]] today{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Syllabary]]
|[[Kana]]
|Japan
|-
|[[Yi script]]
|China (used by the [[Yi people|Yi]] ethnic minorities in China)
|-
|[[Semi-syllabary]]
|[[Bopomofo]]
|Taiwan, and historically mainland China. Used to aid in the learning of Hanzi, especially reading and writing, in elementary schools. On the mainland it is used only in the ''[[Xiandai Hanyu Cidian]]''.
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Alphabet]]
|[[Latin script|Latin]]
|Vietnam, China (used by some ethnic minorities in China, such as the [[Miao people]]); Taiwan ([[Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn|Tâi-lô Latin script]] for the [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] language)
|-
|[[Hangul]]
|Korea, China (used by the [[Choson people|Choson]] ethnic minorities in northeastern China)
|-
|[[Cyrillic]]
|Mongolia (though there is a movement to switch back to [[Mongolian script]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soranews24.com/2013/09/27/why-reading-their-own-language-gives-mongolians-a-headache/|title=Why reading their own language gives Mongolians a headache|date=26 September 2013|website=SoraNews24|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mongolian alphabet|Mongolian]]
|Mongolia*, China ([[Inner Mongolia]])
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Abugida]]
|[[Brahmic scripts]] of Indian origin
|Singapore, China (Tibet, [[Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture]])
|-
|[[Pollard script]]
|China (used by the [[Hmong people|Hmong]] ethnic minorities in China)
|-
|[[Abjad]]
|[[Uyghur Arabic alphabet]]
|China ([[Xinjiang]])
|-
| colspan="3" |* Official usage historically. Currently used unofficially.
|}

[[Chinese characters]] are considered the common culture that unifies the languages and cultures of many East Asian nations. Today, mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore use [[Simplified Chinese characters]], whereas Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau use [[Traditional Chinese characters]].

Historically, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam have also used Chinese characters. Today, they are still used in Japan and South Korea, albeit in different forms.

Japan still uses [[kanji]] but has also invented [[kana]], inspired by the [[Chinese cursive script]].

Korea used to write in [[hanja]] but has invented an alphabetic system called [[hangul]] that is nowadays the majority script. However, hanja is still a required subject in South Korea schools. Most names are also written in hanja. Hanja is also studied and used in academia, newspapers, and law—areas where a lot of scholarly terms and [[Sino-Korean vocabulary|Sino-Korean loanwords]] are used and necessary to distinguish between otherwise ambiguous homonyms.

Vietnam used to write in [[History of writing in Vietnam|chữ Hán]] (Chinese characters) in [[Literary Chinese in Vietnam|Classical Chinese]] texts ({{Lang|vnm|Hán văn}}). In the 8th century, the Vietnamese began inventing many of their own [[chữ Nôm]] characters. Since French colonization, they have switched to using a modified version of the Latin alphabet called [[Vietnamese alphabet|chữ Quốc ngữ]]. Chinese characters had a long and great influence on Vietnamese history and literature, and thus still hold a special place in Vietnamese culture. In Vietnam (and North Korea), chữ Hán can be seen in temples, cemeteries, and monuments as well as serving as decorative motifs in art and design.

Zhuang people are similar to the Vietnamese in that they used to write in Sawgun (Chinese characters) and have invented many of their own characters, called [[Sawndip]]. Sawndip is still used informally and in traditional settings, but the Chinese government officially promotes the use of an alphabetical script, which it introduced in 1957, for the language.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Multilingualism in China: the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949–2002|last=Zhou, Minglang |date=24 October 2012|isbn=978-3-11-092459-6|location=Berlin|oclc=868954061}}</ref>

==Economy and trade==
===Business culture===
The business cultures of East Asia are heavily influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Common factors across the Sinosphere tend to place great emphasis and respect towards traits of humility and conformity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Jin |date=2016-04-02 |title=Humility in learning: A Confucian perspective * |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057240.2016.1168736 |journal=Journal of Moral Education |language=en |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=147–165 |doi=10.1080/03057240.2016.1168736 |issn=0305-7240 |s2cid=148115682|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cheng |first=Stephen K. K. |date=1990 |title=Understanding the Culture and Behaviour of East Asians — A Confucian Perspective |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3109/00048679009062907 |journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=510–515 |doi=10.3109/00048679009062907 |issn=0004-8674 |pmid=2073227 |s2cid=8389994|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Japanese Culture - Core Concepts |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/japanese-culture/japanese-culture-core-concepts |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Cultural Atlas |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Vietnamese Culture - Core Concepts |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/vietnamese-culture/vietnamese-culture-core-concepts |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Cultural Atlas |language=en}}</ref>

Japan often features hierarchically organized [[List of companies of Japan|companies]], and [[Japanese work environment]]s place a high value on [[interpersonal relationship]]s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUyRNpVtt5oC&pg=PA69|title=Where cultures meet; a cross-cultural comparison of business meeting styles|publisher=Hogeschool van Amsterdam|isbn=978-90-79646-17-3|page=69}}</ref> A leader of a Japanese company is typically valued on their ability to maintain social harmony, and to unify or bring together their employees, rather than simply being the top decision maker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japanese Business Structures |url=https://www.worldbusinessculture.com/country-profiles/japan/business-structures/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=World Business Culture |date=31 July 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="culturalatlas.sbs.com.au">{{Cite web |title=Japanese Culture - Business Culture |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/japanese-culture/japanese-culture-business-culture |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Cultural Atlas |date=January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Korean businesses, adhering to Confucian values, are structured around a [[patriarchy|patriarchal]] family governed by [[filial piety]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|孝順}}}}) between management and employees, where knowing one's place within the hierarchy, and showing respect for a person's age and status, are very important in Korean society. It is not uncommon for people in a Korean office to refer to others as their seniors ({{Transliteration|ko|seonbae}}) or their juniors ({{Transliteration|ko|hubae}}). A person's position within a company usually reflects their age, and juniors tend to listen to their seniors without pause.<ref name="Luong">{{cite book | author1= Timothy Book |author2= Hy V.. Luong |title = Culture and economy: the shaping of capitalism in eastern Asia |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AR3arRgfltkC&pg=PA131 |access-date = 26 May 2013|year= 1999 |publisher= University of Michigan Press |isbn = 978-0-472-08598-9 |page = 131}}</ref> Koreans value maintaining a social harmonious environment that allows a worker's {{Transliteration|ko|kibun}} (mood or emotional feelings) to remain balanced.<ref name=":0" />

Maintaining face is usually how business and social relationships work in East Asia, whereas aggressively patronising others, or criticising them publicly in front of others, tend to be the ways to lose business relationships.<ref name="culturalatlas.sbs.com.au" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean business culture and etiquette |url=https://asialinkbusiness.com.au/republic-of-korea/conducting-business-in-korea/korean-business-culture-and-etiquette?doNothing=1 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Asialink Business |language=en}}</ref> In Chinese business culture, there is a high value on nurturing relationships using the social concept of ''[[guanxi]]'', which refers to a state of having personal trust and a solid relationship with someone, and can involve exchanging favours and have moral obligations to one another.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Understanding the concept of 'guanxi' |url=https://asialinkbusiness.com.au/china/conducting-business-in-china/understanding-the-concept-of-guanxi?doNothing=1 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Asialink Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guanxi: What it is, History, How it Works, FAQ |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/guanxi.asp |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref>

Vietnamese culture tends to be hierarchical by age and seniority. The Vietnamese prefer to work with those who they trust, extending this to business relations that often are maintained between peers and relatives. Women have an important role in Vietnamese culture (owing to their historical status as [[Trưng sisters|soldiers]]). Interpersonal relationships are also highly valued. Vietnamese businesspeople may take spoken word as fact. Maintaining face is highly important—anger or displaying temper will reduce trust. When there are disruptions in harmony, Vietnamese may use silence as a way of allowing any tension to simmer down.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Vietnamese Culture - Business Culture |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/vietnamese-culture/vietnamese-culture-business-culture |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Cultural Atlas |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Business culture in Viet Nam |url=https://my.nzte.govt.nz/article/business-culture-in-viet-nam |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=my.nzte.govt.nz}}</ref>

===History===
During the [[Industrial Revolution]], East Asia modernized and became an area of economic power, starting with the [[Meiji Restoration]] in the late 19th century, when Japan rapidly transformed itself into the only industrial power outside the North Atlantic area.<ref name="Ikeo">{{cite book|author=Aiko Ikeo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wI02db8VtwC&pg=PA12|title=Economic Development in Twentieth-Century East Asia: The International Context|date=4 January 2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-02704-2|page=12}}</ref>

====Postwar economies====
Hong Kong's successful post–WWII economy, based on developing strong textile and manufacturing industries, led to the territory's categorization as one of the [[Four Asian Tigers]].<ref name="Harrington">Compare: {{cite book | author1 = J. James W. Harrington |author2= Barney Warf |title = Industrial Location: Principles, Practice, and Policy |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NBKjj5Wq6N0C&pg=PA199 |year= 1995 |publisher= Routledge |isbn = 978-0-415-10479-1 |page = 199 | quote = As the textile industry began to abandon places with high labor costs in the western industrialized world, it began to sprout up in a variety of Third World locations, in particular the famous 'Four Tiger' nations of East Asia: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Textiles were particularly important in the early industrialization of South Korea, while garment production was more significant to Hong Kong.}}</ref> South Korea followed a similar route, developing its textile industry.<ref name="Harrington" /> After the post–WWII [[Division of Korea#US occupation of southern Korea|US military occupation]] of the country, the [[Korean War]], and the ultimate division of the peninsula, South Korea experienced what has become known as the [[Miracle on the Han River]], with the rise of [[chaebol]]s like Samsung and LG strongly driving its economy. As of 2023, South Korea had the 12th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pham |first=Peter |title=What Is South Korea's Secret Weapon? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterpham/2018/05/31/what-is-south-koreas-secret-weapon/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=South Korea's Chaebol |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/republic-samsung |access-date=2023-05-15}}</ref>

[[Lost Decade (Japan)|Japanese economic growth stagnated]] in the 1990s; yet it currently remains the world's 3rd largest economy by nominal GDP.{{As of?|date=May 2025|reason=This is outdated.}} Presently, higher growth in the region has been experienced by China and the [[Tiger Cub Economies]] of Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afr.com/news/politics/world/why-south-korea-risks-following-japan-into-economic-stagnation-20180821-h1491c|title=Why South Korea risks following Japan into economic stagnation|date=21 August 2018|website=Australian Financial Review|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/japans-shrinking-economy/|title=Japan's Shrinking Economy|last=Abe|first=Naoki|date=12 February 2010|website=Brookings|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2074773/rise-and-demise-asias-four-little-dragons|title=The rise and demise of Asia's four little dragons|date=28 February 2017|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spe.org/en/print-article/?art=4508|title=YPs' Guide To: Southeast Asia—How Tiger Cubs Are Becoming Rising Tigers|website=spe.org|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>

The impact of the [[Vietnam War]] was devastating. Vietnam only started opening its economy through ''[[Đổi Mới]]'' reforms in 1986, and the [[United States–Vietnam relations#Rapprochement|US lifted its embargo on Vietnam]] only in 1995. Since then, the [[Vietnamese economy]] has been developing at a rapid pace.

====Modern era====
[[File:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|[[ASEAN]] nations map. [[Singapore]], one of the most successful Southeast Asian states, may also be considered as Sinosphere in some circumstances (due to its majority [[overseas Chinese]] population). ]]
Up until the early 2010s, Vietnamese trade was heavily dependent on China. Most Chinese-Vietnamese people are from Cantonese background, and can speak Cantonese and Vietnamese, which share many linguistic similarities.<ref>{{Citation |title=My thoughts on Cantonese as a Viet | date=3 January 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NNPaJF2_7Q |access-date=2023-11-10 |language=en}}</ref> Vietnam, one of the [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley#Next Eleven|Next Eleven]] countries {{as of | 2005 | lc = on}}, is regarded as a rising economic [[Power (international relations)|power]] in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-vietnam-became-an-economic-miracle/|title=The story behind Viet Nam's miracle growth|website=World Economic Forum|date=11 September 2018 |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>

Since the [[reform and opening up]], China's economy has grown rapidly. In 2020, the country had become the 2nd and 1st-largest economy in the world respectively by nominal GDP and [[GDP (PPP)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=China Is Now the World's Largest Economy. We Shouldn't Be Shocked. |url=https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/china-now-worlds-largest-economy-we-shouldnt-be-shocked |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs |date=15 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Dean |date=2020-12-26 |title=China Has the World's Largest Economy: Get Over It |url=https://cepr.net/china-has-the-worlds-largest-economy-get-over-it/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Center for Economic and Policy Research |language=en-US}}</ref>

Although Greater China, Japan, and Korea all have extensive links with the rest of [[ASEAN]], Vietnam is the only Sinosphere country that is formally part of ASEAN as a [[Southeast Asia]]n country. Singapore, a highly developed economy, is also a part of ASEAN with a population that is significantly [[overseas Chinese]]. The economies of [[Economy of China|China]] and [[Economy of Japan|Japan]] are respectively the world's second- and third-[[List of countries by GDP (Nominal)|largest economies by nominal GDP]], and both are highly influential globally in terms of cultural exportation. South Korea was the 13th largest in 2022 by nominal GDP and has been highly influential as well, with the popularity of the [[Korean wave]] since the 1990s. North Korea was the 107th largest, and Vietnam the 35th largest, by nominal GDP in 2023.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Sinosphere countries are involved in various economic groups and initiatives, including:

* [[Belt and Road Initiative]]
* [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]]
* [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]], [[ASEAN Plus Three]], [[ASEAN Free Trade Area|AFTA]]
* [[East Asia Summit]]
* [[East Asian Community]]
* [[Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership]]

== Relations ==
Mutual relations stem from hundreds to thousands of years of history between each Sinosphere state, originating from trade, cultural flow, conquest, and the spread of Classical Chinese writing. Despite these long historical connections, racism and [[xenophobia]] stemming from deep-rooted historical, economic, political, or regional differences has also been a major concern. In addition to mutual relations, "[[Little China (ideology)|Little China]]" ideologies have been espoused in Vietnam, Japan, and Korea. Proponents of such ideologies claim that their country is the legitimate successor of previous Chinese states and civilizations.

China has had direct relations with its immediate neighbors since at least the first century BC. The [[Han dynasty]] conquered parts of northern Vietnam in 111 BC, and northern Korea in 109 BC (although Chinese influence there had begun earlier). Chinese rule and influence continued to impact [[Vietnam under Chinese rule|Vietnam]] and [[History of Sino-Korean relations|Korea]].<ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=Woodside |first=Alexander |title=Lost Modernities |date=2006-05-30 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/9780674045347-intro/html |work=Introduction |pages=1–16 |access-date=2023-10-30 |publisher=Harvard University Press |language=en |doi=10.4159/9780674045347-intro |isbn=978-0-674-04534-7|url-access=subscription }}</ref> China–Vietnam relations are tied to historical confrontations and the transfer of cultural and philosophical thoughts emanating from China to Vietnam. Although the countries are currently similar politically, their relations can also sometimes be fraught and unsound.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=David C. |last2=Nguyen |first2=Dat X. |last3=Fu |first3=Ronan Tse-min |last4=Shaw |first4=Meredith |date=2019 |title=War, Rebellion, and Intervention under Hierarchy: Vietnam–China Relations, 1365 to 1841 |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002718772345 |journal=Journal of Conflict Resolution |language=en |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=896–922 |doi=10.1177/0022002718772345 |issn=0022-0027 |s2cid=158733115|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Chen |first=Xi |date=2020 |title=Study on the Value Identity of Chinese and Vietnamese Culture of Song Genius |journal=Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research |volume=469 |pages=257–263}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The China Factor in Vietnam's Multidirectional Foreign Policy |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/04/the-china-factor-in-vietnams-multidirectional-foreign-policy/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The various [[Baiyue]] peoples ({{Langx|vi|Bách Việt|4=Hundred Yue's}}) were vaguely but historically connected to the southern Chinese and Vietnamese. In the past, [<nowiki/>[[wiktionary:粵|粵]]] (''Yue'', ''Viet'', [[Cantonese]]) was interchangeable with the homophonous character that today refers specifically to the Vietnamese [<nowiki/>[[wiktionary:越|越]]] (''Yue'', ''Viet'', [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]). Cantonese scholars looked through earlier Chinese sources to find historical information about the Việt/Yue, whether recorded with [粵] or [越].<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Kelley |first=Liam C. |date=2012-07-01 |title=The Biography of the Hồng Bàng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/jvs/article/7/2/87/60674/The-Biography-of-the-H-ng-Bang-Clan-as-a-Medieval |journal=Journal of Vietnamese Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=87–130 |doi=10.1525/vs.2012.7.2.87 |issn=1559-372X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Vietnam and Korea had semi-official encounters when both countries' envoys met in China from the 16th to 19th centuries.<ref name="Youn Dae-Yeong">{{cite journal |last=Youn |first=Dae-Yong |date=2014 |title=The Loss of Vietnam: Korean Views of Vietnam in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries |journal=Journal of Vietnamese Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=62–95 |doi=10.1525/vs.2014.9.1.62 |jstor=10.1525/vs.2014.9.1.62}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite speech |last=Park |first=Joon-woo |event=4th Annual Conference on Korea and Vietnam: The National experiences and foreign Policies of Middle Powers |location=Shorenstein APARC, [[Stanford University]] |date=2012-03-02 |url=https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Transcipt_Luncheon_Speech_WEB.pdf |title=Korea and Vietnam: the Bilateral Relations}}</ref> Despite the geographical distance, the countries share parallels, such as colonial rule and political division.<ref name=":4" /> South Korea was involved with South Vietnam in the controversial Vietnam War.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harrison |first1=Mark |last2=Yim |first2=Sung Vin |date=2017 |title=War on Two Fronts: The Fight against Parasites in Korea and Vietnam |journal=Med. Hist. |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=401–423 |doi=10.1017/mdh.2017.35 |doi-access=free|pmc=5471985 |pmid=28604294}}</ref> Today, Vietnam uniquely maintains good relations both with democratic states (like the US and South Korea) and with its historic communist allies (like China and North Korea).<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=Caution needed in developing defense ties with Vietnam, North Korea's comrade |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/11/205_354172.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=koreatimes |language=en}}</ref> Although courteous, Vietnam's separate relations with North Korea and South Korea are made delicate by the tensions on the Korean peninsula. Vietnam was used as neutral ground for the 2019 North Korean–US summit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ups and downs of the Vietnam–North Korea relationship {{!}} Lowy Institute |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/ups-downs-vietnam-north-korea-relationship |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.lowyinstitute.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=My decade watching the Korean peninsula: the delicacy of peace {{!}} Lowy Institute |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/my-decade-watching-korean-peninsula-delicacy-peace |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.lowyinstitute.org |language=en}}</ref>

China has influenced Japan for around two millennia. Historically, Japan emulated many cultural and philosophical thoughts from China, with many Japanese undertaking studies that came from China or via Korea.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Henshall |first1=Kenneth G. |date=2004 |title=A History of Japan |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/9780230502925.pdf |language=en |doi=10.1057/9780230502925 |isbn=978-1-4039-1272-5}}</ref> Culture, trade, and military confrontation has been a major focal point between the two as well, and relations can become very fraught.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tamamoto |first=Masaru |date=2005 |title=How Japan Imagines China and Sees Itself |journal=World Policy Journal |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=55–62 |doi=10.1215/07402775-2006-1002 |issn=0740-2775 |jstor=40209995}}</ref>

Japan's links with Southeast Asia were mainly through maritime trade stemming from the 16th century.<ref>Owen, Norman G., Chandler, David. ''The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia'' (p. 107). [University of Hawai{{okina}}i Press University of Hawaiʻi Press], 2005. {{ISBN|0-8248-2841-0}}</ref> Japan's relations with Vietnam via China goes further back, to the 8th century.<ref name="nussbaum3">[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA3&dq= "Abe no Nakamaro, "]''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 3.</ref><ref name="National-Archives-of-Japan-45th-Anniversary-Early-Associations">{{cite web |author=Japan and Vietnam - Archival Records on Our History (Joint Project Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of Japan-Viet Nam Diplomatic Relations) |date=2018 |title=Japan and Vietnam § Early Associations. |url=https://www.archives.go.jp/event/jp_vn45/english/ch01.html |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=[[National Archives of Japan]] |language=en}}</ref> Although some residual grievances about Japan's historical colonization in Asia may remain, as well as existing political differences, the relation has mostly been of mutualism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Asian Tensions and the Lessons From Hanoi |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/10/east-asian-tensions-and-the-lessons-from-hanoi/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Do |first1=Thuy T. |title=Vietnam–Japan Relations: Moving beyond Economic Cooperation? |date=2018 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/vietnams-foreign-policy-under-doi-moi/vietnamjapan-relations-moving-beyond-economic-cooperation/6C0F13C3AA3D3870F98041993DA24716 |work=Vietnam's Foreign Policy under Doi Moi |pages=96–116 |editor-last=Tsvetov |editor-first=Anton |access-date=2023-10-30 |series=Lectures, Workshops, and Proceedings of International Conferences |publisher=ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute |isbn=978-981-4818-15-5 |last2=Dinh |first2=Julia Luong |editor2-last=Le |editor2-first=Hong Hiep}}</ref> However, instances of mistreatment, such as abuse towards Vietnamese laborers in Japan, has surfaced.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-26 |title=Vietnamese trainee worker in Japan recalls violence, struggle to switch jobs |language=en |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20231026/p2a/00m/0na/018000c |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=Japan is no longer an attractive destination for Vietnamese workers |url=https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/09/06/japan-is-no-longer-an-attractive-destination-for-vietnamese-workers/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=East Asia Forum |language=en}}</ref>

Korea and Japan have had extensive links in terms of culture, trade, political contact, and military confrontations. The [[history of Japan–Korea relations]] extends for over 15 centuries, with many ideas from mainland Asia flowing into Japan via Korea in historical times.<ref name=":2" /> Although geographically close, the two countries are culturally distinct from one another and may harbor contrasting military and historical viewpoints, where relations can turn fraught, especially in the context of Japanese colonization.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kwan-young Kim |title=Japan and Korea: A Turbulent History |url=https://www.lehigh.edu/~rfw1/courses/1999/spring/ir163/Papers/pdf/kwk2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040924045006/http://www.lehigh.edu:80/%7Erfw1/courses/1999/spring/ir163/Papers/pdf/kwk2.pdf |archive-date=2004-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/978-1-137-54103-1.pdf |title='History Wars' and Reconciliation in Japan and Korea |date=2017 |isbn=978-1-137-54102-4 |editor-last1=Lewis |editor-first1=Michael |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-54103-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Ji Young |date=2014 |title=Escaping the Vicious Cycle: Symbolic Politics and History Disputes Between South Korea and Japan |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/713971 |journal=Asian Perspective |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=31–60 |doi=10.1353/apr.2014.0001 |issn=2288-2871 |s2cid=145641537|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Korea and China relations are extensive and several millennia old. Much cultural and intellectual trade has transferred into Korea from China.<ref name=":3" /> The states have also partaken in several military confrontations, with parts of Korea being subsumed by Chinese rule since 109 BC.<ref name=":3" /> Much of the history between Korea and China focused on Northeast Asia, and played a role in transmitting knowledge to Japan.<ref name=":2" /> [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Korea]] has also shared relations with [[Manchuria]] and [[Northeast China]],<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Yun |first=Peter |date=2016 |title=Guest Editor's Introduction: Manchuria and Korea in East Asian History |url=https://ijkh.khistory.org/upload/pdf/ijkh-21-1-1.pdf |journal=International Journal of Korean History |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.1}}</ref> which themselves practiced a form of [[Sinicization of the Manchus|cultural assimilation]] with the [[Han Chinese|Han]] Chinese.<ref name=":52">{{Cite book |last=Huang |first=Pei |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/26221 |title=Reorienting the Manchus: A Study of Sinicization, 1583-1795 |date=2011 |publisher=East Asia Program, Cornell University |isbn=978-1-933947-92-1 |language=en}}</ref> Modern relations between China and Korea can become fraught.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chung |first=Jae Ho |date=2012 |title=Korean Views of Korea-China Relations: Evolving Perceptions and Upcoming Challenges |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/713929 |journal=Asian Perspective |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=219–236 |doi=10.1353/apr.2012.0008 |issn=2288-2871 |s2cid=140590108|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Society|China|Taiwan|Hong Kong|Japan|North Korea|South Korea|Vietnam|Politics}}
{{Div col}}
* {{annotated link|Greater China}}
* {{annotated link|Sinosphere (linguistics)}}
* [[Adoption of Chinese literary culture]]
* {{annotated link|Sinophone|Sinophone world}}
* {{annotated link|Sino-Xenic pronunciations|Sino-xenic vocabulary}}
* {{annotated link|Chinese influence on Korean culture}}
* [[Chinese influence on Japanese culture]]
* {{annotated link|Ryukyuan culture}}
* {{annotated link|Baiyue}}
* [[I Ching's influence]]
* [[List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language]]
* {{annotated link|List of tributary states of China}}
* [[List of Confucian states and dynasties]]
* {{annotated link|Little China (ideology)}}
* {{annotated link|Chinese Empire}}
* {{annotated link|Celestial Empire}}
* {{annotated link|Pax Sinica|''Pax Sinica''}}
* {{annotated link|Sinicization}}
* {{annotated link|Cultural area}}
* [[Culture of East Asia]]
* {{annotated link|Brushtalk}}
* {{annotated link|Indosphere}}
{{Div col end}}
'''Internal relations'''
{{Div col}}
* {{annotated link|China–Vietnam relations}}
* {{annotated link|China–Japan relations}}
* {{annotated link|China–South Korea relations}}
* {{annotated link|China–North Korea relations}}
* [[History of Japan–Korea relations]]
* {{annotated link|Japan–South Korea relations}}
* {{annotated link|Japan–North Korea relations}}
* {{annotated link|Japan–Vietnam relations}}
* {{annotated link|North Korea–Vietnam relations}}
* [[North Korea–South Korea relations]]
* {{annotated link|South Korea–Vietnam relations}}
{{Div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|group=n}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin|}}
* {{cite book|last=Ankerl|first=Guy|series=Global communication without universal civilization|volume=1|title=Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western|publisher=INU Press|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=978-2-88155-004-1|year=2000}}
* {{citation |last=Chan|first=Wing-tsit |title=A Sourcebook of Chinese Philosophy |year=1963 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=978-0-691-07137-4}}
* {{cite journal|last=Choi|first=JungBong|title=Of the East Asian Cultural Sphere: Theorizing Cultural Regionalization|journal=China Review|volume=10|number=2|date=2010|pages=109–136|publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]]|jstor=23462332 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Denecke|first1=Wiebke|last2=Nguyen|first2=Nam|editor-first1=Wiebke |editor-first2=Wai-Yee |editor-first3=Xiaofei |editor-last1=Denecke |editor-last2=Li |editor-last3=Tian |chapter=Shared Literary Heritage in the East Asian Sinographic Sphere|title=The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature|date=2017|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.33|pages=510–532|isbn=978-0-19-935659-1 }}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Elman|editor-first=Benjamin A|title=Rethinking East Asian Languages, Vernaculars, and Literacies, 1000–1919|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-27927-8|year=2014| url=https://brill.com/view/title/26299}}
* Joshua Fogel, "The Sinic World," in [[Ainslie Thomas Embree]], [[Carol Gluck]], ed., ''Asia in Western and World History a Guide for Teaching.'' (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Columbia Project on Asia in the Core Curriculum, 1997). {{ISBN|0585027331|}}. Access may be limited to NetLibrary affiliated libraries. [http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=1603 EBSCOhost Login]
* {{cite book|last1=Fogel|first1=Joshua A.|title=Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese relations in space and time|date=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|series=Edwin O. Reischauer Lectures|isbn=978-0-674-03259-0|edition=[Online-Ausg.]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Holcombe|first1=Charles|title=A history of East Asia: from the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=978-0-521-73164-5|edition=1st published.|pages=1–10|chapter=Introduction: What is East Asia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rHeb7wQu0xIC&q=Holcombe+History+of+East+Asia}}
* {{cite book|last=Holcombe|first=Charles|title=The Genesis of East Asia, 221 B.C.-A.D. 907|year=2001|publisher=Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaiʻi Press|location=Honolulu|author-mask=2|isbn=978-0-8248-2415-0|edition=[Online-Ausg.]}}
* {{cite book|last=Huang|first=Chun-chieh|title=East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts|publisher=National Taiwan University Press and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|location=Taipei and Göttingen, Germany|isbn=978-3-8471-0408-7|year=2015}}
* {{citation|last=Li|first=Yu|year=2020|title=The Chinese Writing System in Asia}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lowe|first1=Roy|first2=Yoshihito|last2=Yasuhara|chapter=Higher learning in ancient Korea, Japan and Vietnam: The East Asian cultural sphere and the Imperial Chinese|title=The Origins of Higher Learning|year=2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-315-72855-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Matisoff|first=James A.|title=On 'Megalocomparison'|journal=[[Language (journal)|Language]]|date=1990|volume=66|issue=1|pages=106–120|doi=10.1353/lan.1990.0035 |s2cid=210072878 }}
* {{cite book |given=Marc Hideo |surname=Miyake |author-link=Marc Hideo Miyake |title=Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |year=2004 |url={{Google books|k2tX-KFeuaQC|page=98|plainurl=yes}} |isbn =978-0-415-30575-4}}
* {{cite journal|last=Reischauer|first=Edwin O.|title=The Sinic World in Perspective|journal=Foreign Affairs|year=1974|volume=52|issue=2|pages=341–348|doi=10.2307/20038053|jstor=20038053|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/1974-01-01/sinic-world-perspective|issn=0015-7120|url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Robert |first=Jean-Noël |year=2006 |title=Hieroglossia, a Proposal |url=http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/Bulletin_and_Shoho/pdf/30-Robert.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Nanzan Institute for Religion & Culture Bulletin |issue=30 |pages=25–48 |s2cid=171363016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601120228/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/Bulletin_and_Shoho/pdf/30-Robert.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-01 |access-date=2011-01-04 |authorlink=Jean-Noël Robert}}
* {{cite book |last=Wang |first=Edward |title=Chopsticks: A Cultural and Culinary History |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-139-16185-5 |pages=67–92 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139161855}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ Asia for Educators]. [[Weatherhead East Asian Institute]], Columbia University.

{{East Asian topics}}
{{Eastern world}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chinese culture]]
[[Category:Chinese nationalism]]
[[Category:Country classifications]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]
[[Category:East Asia]]
[[Category:Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Culture of East Asia]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of China]]
[[Category:Culture of Japan]]
[[Category:Culture of Korea]]
[[Category:Culture of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Spheres of influence]]
[[Category:Eastern culture]]
[[Category:Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean]]

Seven stones

2026-03-21T10:29:28Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Short description|South Asian dodgeball variant}}
{{for|the Iranian television series|Haft Sang (television series)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Essay-like|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}

{{Infobox game
| subject_name=Seven stones
| image= [[File:Dabba Kali2.jpg|250px]]
| caption= A game of Dabba Kali in Kerala
| players=
| setup_time= less than a minute
| playing_time= 3 minutes
| random_chance=Low
| skills=Running, Observation, Speed, Strength, Throwing and concentration
}}
[[File:Pittu.JPG|thumb|Seven stones game|right]]
[[File:Kids playing Lagori in a Bangalore street.webm|thumb|Kids playing Lagori in a [[Bangalore]] street]]
'''''Seven stones''''' (also known by various [[Seven stones#Alternative names|other names]]) is a [[Traditional games of India|traditional game]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]] involving a ball and a pile of flat stones, generally played between two teams in a large outdoor area.

==History==
Seven stones is one of the most ancient games originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Its history dates back 5,000 years ago to the [[Bhagavata Purana]], a Hindu religious text, which mentions Lord Krishna, a major deity in Hinduism, playing the game with his friends.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kela |first=Swati |title=Traditional Indian Games |url=https://worldforumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Traditional-Indian-Games-By-Dr.-Swati-Kela-India-Vancouver-2024.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=worldforumfoundation.org}}</ref> This traditional sport has been played for the last 5 millennia.

Through cultural exchange and migration, the game has made its way to various parts of Asia, such as Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka. The British Empire's colonization process introduced the game to various parts of Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Because the game is now played in over 30 counties, the rules have been adjusted based on where the game is played, however the fundamental rules have remained the same.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Montessori Physical Education Blog Seven Stones: Traditional Game of India, Central and Southeast Asia |url=https://www.montessoriphysicaleducation.com/new-blog/seven-stones-traditional-game-of-india-central-and-southeast-asia2025/3/4 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Montessori Physical Education |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Gameplay==
{{unref-section|date=November 2025}}
Gameplay varies based on geography and cultural adaptations, but the fundamental rules are as follows. A member of the attacking team (the ''seekers'') throws a ball at a pile of seven stones in an attempt to knock them over. If a seeker fails to knock over at least one stone within a certain amount of tries, it becomes another team members turn. The objective of the seekers is to try and restore the pile of stones while staying safe from the defending team's (the ''hitters’'') throws. The hitters' objective is to hit or touch the seekers with the ball before they can reconstruct the stone pile. If the ball touches a seeker, that seeker is out and the team which the seeker came from continues, without the seeker. Points are awarded to the seekers if they are able to restack the stone pile and hitters receive points for eliminating the seekers. The round is completed when the stone pile is reconstructed or the hitters eliminate all of the seekers.

===Additional rules===
{{unref-section|date=November 2025}}
The rules below are optional variations and not used by all players.
* The throwing seeker cannot come too close to the piled-up stones while attempting to knock them over. They have to do so from behind a line marked on the ground.
* If the person trying to knock down the pile cannot do it in three tries, their turn is over.
* If the thrower's ball does not knock down the pile and is caught by an opponent after one bounce then the thrower is out.
* Each team contains an equal number of players.
* Piles of flat stones contain 7 stones.
* Hitters cannot run with the ball to hit the seekers.
* The seeker, after restoring the pile of stones, says the game's name to announce the reconstruction of the pile of stones.

== Alternative names ==
[[File:കുട്ടികൾ‌ കളിക്കാൻ‌ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്ന ഓലപ്പന്ത്‌.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Olapanthu - ball made of coconut leaves - used to play the game in [[Kerala]]]]

In other parts of [[India]], the same game is known by several other names:

* ''Garam '' ([[Punjab]])
* ''Pithu garam '' ([[Himachal]])
* ''Lagori'' ([[Karnataka]])
* ''Lingoj or Lingot'' ([[Telangana]])
* ''Lingorcha'', ''Lagori'', ''Seven Tilo'' ([[Maharashtra]])
* ''Pitto'', ''Pithu'' ([[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], northern [[Rajasthan]] and [[West Bengal]])
* ''Sitoliya'' ([[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]])
* ''Satodiyu'' ([[Gujarat]])
* ''Bam Pitto'', ''pittu''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-18 |title=The games we played |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/parenting/the-games-we-played/articleshow/45145248.cms |access-date=2025-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ([[Bihar]])
* ''Yedu penkulata'', ''Yedu rallu'', ''dikori'' or ''pittu'' ([[Andhra Pradesh]])
* ''Palli Patti'' (Karimnagar)
* ''Seventees / Dabba kali'' ([[Kerala]], played using a ball made of coconut leaves"olapanthu")<ref>Cohen, Noam. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/08/business/media/a-push-to-redefine-knowledge-at-wikipedia.html?_r=2&ref=noamcohen When Knowledge Isn’t Written, Does It Still Count?]" ''[[The New York Times]]''. 7 August 2011. Retrieved on 22 September 2011.</ref>
* ''Ezhu kallu'' ([[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref>[http://www.traditionalgames.in/home/property-games/seven-stones-elu-kallu Seven stones (ஏழு கல்லு)]</ref>
* ''Garmaan'', ''Garam'', ''Minto'' ([[Kashmir]])
* ''Sat khapri'' ([[Jharkhand]])
* ''Pittu'' ([[Odisha]])

Similar to India, the game is identified differently in various countries, but the spirit of the sport remains the same.
*''Haft Sang'' ([[Iran]])
*''Sat Chara'' ([[Bangladesh]])
*''Seven Stone / Game Ball'' ([[Nepal]])
*''Pitho Garam, Pitthu Garam, Pitthu Gol Garam,''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=12 July 2018|title=Pitthu Gol Garam|url=http://www.dentisty.org/pitthu-gol-garam.html|access-date=4 June 2020|website=www.dentisty.org|quote=… the players loudly say “PITTU GOL GARAM” …}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=90bet login |url=https://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/wp-content/uploads/ABCUniformChampionshipRules.pdf |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010163440/https://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/wp-content/uploads/ABCUniformChampionshipRules.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ''Pittu Garam,''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shahid|first=Dr Khwaja Ali|date=2013-11-24|title=Game over?|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1058129|access-date=2020-06-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> ''Pittu Gol Garam''<ref name=":2" /> ([[Pakistan]])
*''Cantracon'' ([[Afghanistan]])

== Modern day ==
Traditional games such as seven stones are not as popular as they once were, but the game is still played by at least 30 nations across the world. The game has gradually gained a considerable amount of global prominence. However, India is the epicenter of the development of the game on with a bigger platform and a wide outreach to contemporary audience. The Indian Lagori Premier League that was held in November 2017 had gathered great momentum across the nation which was organized by the Amateur Lagori Federation of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-now-a-premier-league-to-popularise-lagori-2055688|title=Now, a premier league to popularise Lagori|last=Paranjpe|first=Shailendra|date=2015-01-26|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> They have also made efforts to push the game to several states of India as well as in other countries, playing a pivotal role in popularizing the game. The second Lagori World Cup (first being played in 2015) is soon going to take place later this year, several nations including Indian, Bhutan Hong Kong, Brazil, Turket, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal will go face to face.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/lagoris-global-push/articleshow/59328877.cms|title=Lagori's global push|last=Sanjiv|first=Deepthi|date=June 27, 2017|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref>

The rules have not changed that much over the years, however there have been some changes brought in the way the game is being played. The following fundamentals were laid down by the International Lagori Foundation: Each team would have 12 players, with only 6 players on the court for every set. One set lasts for 3 minutes followed by a half minute break in between sets. One match has typically 3 sets and the team scoring maximum points wins. Other than that, the rules are basically the same for all leagues. Having said that, the game has definitely come a long way from what it was. From a dusty open field to an indoor synthetic turf, from a pile of stones lying around in the field to 7 circular fibre discs made for the game, and from an old tennis ball to a softball specifically tailored for the game.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/lagori-league-formed-to-popularise-the-traditional-sport-in-state/article7103915.ece|title=Lagori league formed to popularise the traditional sport in State|last=Bennur|first=Shankar|date=2015-04-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Despite the game almost being forgotten and becoming extinct in the past few decades, the inaugural World Cup help in 2015 was a huge success paired with the Indian Lagori Premiere League (ILPL) catering to a wide audience in the country.

==In popular media==
* In the grand season finale of [[TVF Triplings]], a popular Indian mini internet series made by [[TVF (The Viral Fever)]], a game of SPL (Sitoliya Pitto Lagori) acts as the glue that brings together a group of estranged siblings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Season finale - Season 1 episode 5 - TVF Triplings with Tata Tiago|url=http://tvfplay.com/episode/1/130/154/838|website=tvfplay.com|publisher=TVF - The Viral Fever media Labs|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012223638/http://tvfplay.com/episode/1/130/154/838|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Lagori}}
* [http://churumuri.wordpress.com/2006/08/03/once-upon-a-time-tikki-goli-lagori-chinni-daandu/ Indian games]
* [https://www.topendsports.com/sport/list/lagori.htm About Lagori: Topend Sports Website]

{{Team Sport}}
{{Outdoor games}}

[[Category:Sports originating in India]]
[[Category:Team sports]]
[[Category:Traditional sports of India]]
[[Category:Ball games]]
[[Category:Sport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian games]]
[[Category:Variations of dodgeball]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Indian inventions]]

Sampat Prakash

2026-03-15T04:12:47Z

MDPOliva97: new entry - done

{{Short description|Kashmiri trade union leader (1937–2023)}}
{{Paid contributions|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sampat Prakash Kundu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Sampat Prakash Kundu<ref name = 'RAndrabi' />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1937|03|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|07|01|1937|03|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| education = [[Tyndale Biscoe School]]
| alma_mater = [[Sri Pratap College]]
| occupation = Trade unionist
| known_for = Activism, advocacy for Kashmir's special status
| parents = Neel Kanth Kundu (father)
| children = Lenin Kundu (son) Ravinder Kundu (son)
}}

'''Sampat Prakash Kundu''' (also spelt as '''Sampath Prakash Kundoo'''; 10 March 1937 – 1 July 2023) was a [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] nationalist, trade unionist and activist, known for his efforts in fighting for the rights and welfare of the working class.<ref name="c976"/><ref name="a134"/><ref name="r144"/> He played a significant role in shaping trade union activism in the region, advocating for the equitable treatment of government employees, teachers, and workers. Kundu has held several leadership positions, including Chairman of the J&K Trade Union Centre, State President of Hind Mazdoor Sabha, and State President of Retired Gazetted/Non-Gazetted Employees.<ref name="tcn2018"/>

Kundu was elected as the President of the Central Lal Bazaar Cooperative Housing Society in 1974. In the late 1980s, when Kashmir witnessed a surge in [[Islamist]] violence, leading to the [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|ethnic cleansing]] of [[Kashmiri Hindus]], Kundu emerged as a resilient and determined leader. Despite facing immense hardship and the trauma of displacement, he dedicated himself to raising awareness about the plight of his community and advocating for their rights.<ref name="j021">{{cite web | title=Prominent trade union leader Sampat Prakash passes away | website=[[Greater Kashmir]] | date=1 July 2023 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/front-page/prominent-trade-union-leader-sampat-prakash-passes-away | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> However, once the [[Kashmir militancy|Islamic Militancy]] post the 1990s made it impossible for him to live in [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]], he was forced to [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|move]] to [[Jammu]].<ref name=Scroll />

==Early life==
Sampat Prakash Kundu<ref name = 'RAndrabi'>{{cite news |last=Andrabi |first=Raashid |url=https://kashmirlife.net/sampat-prakash-kundu-1937-2023-322088/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715014033/https://kashmirlife.net/sampat-prakash-kundu-1937-2023-322088/ |archive-date=July 15, 2023 |title=Sampat Prakash Kundu (1937-2023) |publisher=[[Kashmir Life]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> was born on March 10, 1937, in the [[Rainawari]] neighbourhood of [[Srinagar district]], in the [[Kashmir Valley]] of the erstwhile [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], within [[British India]] (now in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India), into a working-class [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family.<ref name="u032">{{cite web | title=Kashmir Mourns Sampat Prakash's Demise, Last Rites Attended By Entire Political Class | website=[[Kashmir Life]] | date=2 July 2023 |url=https://kashmirlife.net/kashmir-mourns-sampat-prakashs-demise-last-rites-attended-by-entire-political-class-321645/ | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="c976"/><ref name="r144">{{cite web | title=Prominent Trade Union Leader Sampath Prakash Is No More | website=Kashmir Observer | date=1 July 2023 | url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2023/07/01/prominent-trade-union-leader-sampath-prakash-is-no-more/ | access-date=1 July 2023 | archive-date=1 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701200812/https://kashmirobserver.net/2023/07/01/prominent-trade-union-leader-sampath-prakash-is-no-more/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kundu spent his formative years in the region, which deeply influenced his later activism and political endeavors.<ref name="Athavale 2020"/><ref name="a134"/>

Kundu received his early education at [[Tyndale Biscoe School]] in [[Lal Chowk]], where he attended classes with notable figures such as [[Farooq Abdullah]], who would later become the president of the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]] party and also the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of the erstwhile [[Indian state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="Athavale 2020"/> The nationalist sentiment of Prakash's father, Neel Kanth Kundu, who served as the principal of the same school and was an advisor to [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]], greatly influenced Prakash's upbringing.<ref name="a134"/>

Kundu's initial foray into politics began during his time as a student activist. When Sheikh Abdullah, who was serving as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir at the time, was arrested, Kundu organized a student protest at [[Sri Pratap College]] in Srinagar, displaying his commitment to political activism even in his early years.<ref name="a134"/>

It was during this period that Kundu played a pivotal role in establishing student politics in Kashmir. He formed the valley's first student body, and he was honored to serve as its founding president. This experience not only shaped Prakash's leadership skills but also introduced him to the ideals of Marxism, which would leave a lasting impact on his political ideology.<ref name="a134">{{cite web | title=Vateran trade union leader and nationalist Sampat Prakash passes away | website=[[The Indian Express]] | date=1 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/srinagar/vateran-trade-union-leader-and-nationalist-sampat-prakash-passes-away-8696425/ | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>

When the [[Kashmir militancy]] post the 1990s made it impossible for him to live in [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]], he was forced to [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|move]] to [[Jammu]].<ref name=Scroll />

== Political views and activism ==
Kundu's political journey began during his student years, where he was heavily influenced by the nationalist ideals of his father, Neel Kanth Kundu, who served as the principal of Srinagar's Tyndale Biscoe School. Inspired by the nationalism espoused by his father and the school's advisor, [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]], Prakash developed a deep commitment to the cause of Kashmir.<ref name="a134"/><ref name="Athavale 2020"/>

During the partition of India and Pakistan, when Pakistani tribals infiltrated Kashmir, Kundu responded to Sheikh Abdullah's call to take to the streets and fight against the invaders. This early experience shaped his understanding of the political landscape and instilled in him a sense of resistance against external threats to the region.<ref name="a134"/>

As a student leader, Kundu played a pivotal role in the establishment of student politics in Kashmir. He campaigned for the formation of a student body and eventually became its founding president when the first student organization was formed in the valley. It was during this time that he was introduced to the ideologies of [[Marxism]], which further shaped his political outlook.<ref name="a134"/>

Kundu's activism and political views often brought him into conflict with the administration. He was arrested for the first time in 1958 by the men of the notorious police inspector Qadir Ganderbali. These confrontations with the authorities led his father to relocate him to Jammu to pursue law studies, where he developed an inclination towards the leftist [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI).<ref name="a134"/>

Kundu's political ideology was marked by his strong advocacy for the rights and welfare of low-paid government employees in Jammu and Kashmir. Under his leadership, these workers organized demonstrations and chanted slogans such as "Trade Union ki Kya Buniyad—Marxvaad, Leninvaad, Red Flag Up, Up." Kundu self-identified as a student of [[Marxist-Leninist]] ideologies,<ref name=Scroll>{{cite web |last=Haksar |first=Nandita |date=July 3, 2023 |url=https://scroll.in/article/1051932/in-death-of-kashmiri-trade-union-leader-sampat-prakash-a-voice-of-reason-and-justice-lost |url-status=live |access-date=September 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703064944/https://scroll.in/article/1051932/in-death-of-kashmiri-trade-union-leader-sampat-prakash-a-voice-of-reason-and-justice-lost |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |title=In death of Kashmiri trade union leader Sampat Prakash, a voice of reason and justice lost |quote=When the circumstances made it impossible for him to live in the Valley, he moved to '''Jammu''' .... Prakash described himself as a “humble student of '''Marx and Lenin'''”. |publisher=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> which he invoked as the foundation of the trade union movement.<ref name="y560">{{cite web | last=Haskar | first =Nandita | title=Comrade Sampat Prakash, a Powerful Voice Against Identity Politics, no More | website=NewsClick | date=2 July 2023 |url=https://www.newsclick.in/comrade-sampat-prakash-powerful-voice-against-identity-politics-no-more | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>

Under the guidance of Communist leaders, Kundu decided to join the government services and abandoned his law studies. As a government employee, he established the first trade union body in Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of his communist mentors. In 1967, Kundu organized the first employee strike in the valley, effectively paralyzing the administration and compelling them to address the demands of the workers.<ref name="a134"/><ref name="Athavale 2020"/>

In 1967, he was arrested for launching a mass agitation against the government, demanding better wages. Along with 17 colleagues, he was dismissed from service and subsequently booked under the Preventive and Detention Act, a law that did not apply to the citizens of Jammu and Kashmir due to the special status granted by Article 35(A).<ref name="tcn2018"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Sampat Prakash passed away : श्रीनगर में संपत प्रकाश का दिल का दौरा पड़ने से हुआ निधन , महबूबा ने tweet कर जताया दुःख | trans-title=Sampat Prakash passed away: Sampat Prakash died of heart attack in Srinagar, Mehbooba expressed grief by tweeting | language=hi | website=[[Punjab Kesari]] | date=2 July 2023 |url=https://m.punjabkesari.com/article/sampat-prakash-died-of-heart-attack-in-srinagar-mehbooba-expressed-grief-by-tweeting/653695 | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Hussain | first=Mir Basit | title=Meet comrade Sampat Prakash, Kashmir's vintage campaigner of Article 35-A | website=Free Press Kashmir | date=29 August 2018 |url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2018/08/29/meet-comrade-sampat-prakash-kashmirs-vintage-campaigner-of-article-35-a/ | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> The movement sought to address the disparities arising from [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Article 370]], which granted special status to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)]] and resulted in different treatment for its residents.<ref name="Athavale 2020">{{cite web | last=Athavale | first=Sanika | title=The Lesser-Known Pandit: Meet Comrade Sampat Prakash, Defender Of Article 370 | website=The Logical Indian | date=19 January 2020 | url=https://thelogicalindian.com/exclusive/sampat-prakash-kashmir-pandit-19358 | access-date=1 July 2023 | archive-date=2 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702014617/https://thelogicalindian.com/exclusive/sampat-prakash-kashmir-pandit-19358 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Throughout his career, Sampat Prakash Kundu remained a staunch nationalist, advocating for the preservation of Kashmir's special status and supporting Article 35-A.<ref name="c976">{{cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Renowned Kashmiri Trade Unionist Sampat Prakash Passes Away at 85 |url=https://thechenabtimes.com/2023/07/01/renowned-kashmiri-trade-unionist-sampat-prakash-passes-away-at-85/ |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=The Chenab Times}}</ref> This article granted special rights to the people of the former state, particularly in matters relating to land and employment. Kundu's unwavering commitment to these causes earned him respect across the mainstream separatist divide in the valley.<ref name="a134"/><ref name="r144"/>

Kundu became an integral part of the [[Panun Kashmir]], an organization representing the aspirations of Kashmiri Pandits, which aims to establish a separate homeland for the community within Kashmir. His involvement with Panun Kashmir reflected his strong belief in the need for a secure and dignified future for Kashmiri Pandits, who had been uprooted from their ancestral homeland.<ref name="j021"/>

For his leadership in the strike and mobilization efforts, Sampat Prakash Kundu was arrested and detained under the Preventive Detention Law passed by the Indian Parliament. He challenged his detention through a habeas corpus petition, which eventually reached a historic 13-member bench in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Despite the dismissal of his petition, he was later released on humanitarian grounds, recognized as a leader advocating non-violently for the rights of his people.<ref name="Athavale 2020"/> He led protests against the establishment of separate Sainik and Pandit colonies in Kashmir, considering them divisive and detrimental to the spirit of Kashmiriyat (Kashmiri identity). Kundu firmly believed in the unity of the Kashmiri society, with Muslims and Pandits having historically lived as brothers, sharing joys and sorrows.<ref name="tcn2018"/>

Kundu held strong Marxist beliefs and was highly regarded by many Kashmiri Muslims as a symbol of [[Kashmiriyat]], representing the Valley's syncretic culture.<ref name="tcn2018"/> Despite the potential for social exclusion within his own community, Kundu openly discussed the resolution of the Kashmir issue and maintained a close association with jailed [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front|J&K Liberation Front]] leader [[Yasin Malik|Mohammad Yasin Malik]]. He staunchly opposed the scrapping of special status in 2019 and criticized the government's firm policies. While he garnered admiration and support from the [[Kashmiri Muslims]], some [[Kashmiri Pandits]], including BJP leader Ashwani Chrungoo, viewed him as an outcast due to ideological differences. Kundu's son, Ravinder Kundo, recalled his father's perspective on addressing the suffering of all communities, questioning the focus solely on the killings of Kashmiri Pandits and emphasizing the deaths of many Muslims as well. Sampat Prakash's life was characterized by a complex interplay of diverse viewpoints, and he left a notable impact on the socio-political landscape of Kashmir.<ref name="v661">{{cite web | last=Raina | first=Muzaffar | title=A Pandit who was Kashmiri first: Remembering Sampat Prakash and his unconventional views | website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] | date=3 July 2023 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-pandit-who-was-kashmiri-first-remembering-sampat-prakash-and-his-unconventional-views/cid/1949333 | access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref>

===Views on Article 370 and 35-A===
Sampat Prakash Kundu vehemently advocated for the preservation of Article 370,<ref name="c976"/> which he considered the supreme identity of the Kashmiri nation. He believed that the special status provided by Article 370 and 35A was crucial for safeguarding the rights and identity of the people of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Athavale 2020"/><ref name="r144"/>

Throughout his life, Sampat Prakash Kundu continued to voice his concerns about the state of his people, expressing dismay at what he perceived as a failure to protect the region's special status and identity.<ref name="tcn2018">{{cite web |last= Javeed| first=Auqib |title=Kashmiri Pandits must join the fight against tinkering with Article 35 (A): Sampat Prakash, Kashmir trade union leader | website=[[TwoCircles.net]] | date=10 August 2018 |url=https://twocircles.net/2018aug10/425229.html | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> He criticized the dissolution of the State's legislature, the lack of unity among Kashmiri politicians, and the subsequent abrogation of Article 370.<ref name="Athavale 2020"/><ref name="r144"/>

Kundu underlined the historical significance of Article 35(A), tracing its origins back to the time of British rule and the subsequent sale of Kashmir to the Dogra rulers. He acknowledged the efforts of his ancestors, such as Jia Lal Kalim, Professor Jia Lal Koul, Shanker Lal Koul, and Jia Lal Jalali, who fought for the rights of state subjects of Jammu and Kashmir during the [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir#Pratap Singh's reign|reign of Partab Singh]]. State subject laws, including Article 35(A), are seen by Kundu as vital for safeguarding the interests of the Kashmiri Pandit community, Muslim Kashmiris, and Dogra brothers alike.<ref name="tcn2018"/>

===Views on The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits===
Sampat Prakash witnessed the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits in the 1990s, a period marked by selective and targeted killings that fueled fear and insecurity. He contended that the exodus was not the result of communal strife but rather an accident of history, emphasizing that no Kashmiri Pandit left the Valley willingly. He also expressed disappointment with the collective silence of the majority Kashmiri Muslims during this tumultuous period, feeling that it betrayed the principles of [[Kashmiriyat]] (the composite culture of the region).<ref name="Athavale 2020"/>

Despite being a Kashmiri Pandit, Kundu has actively opposed the establishment of separate Sainik and Pandit colonies in Kashmir. He perceived such divisions as a threat to the unity and harmony of the Kashmiri society, emphasizing the longstanding bonds of brotherhood and mutual support between Muslims and Pandits. He attributed the proposal for separate colonies to a government conspiracy aimed at dividing the Kashmiri community, urging fellow Kashmiri Pandits to stand against any attempts to fracture the social fabric of the region.<ref name="tcn2018"/>

== Arrests ==
Kundu's political activism often resulted in his arrest and detention. He faced numerous run-ins with the administration due to his outspoken views and participation in protests. His first arrest occurred in 1958 when he was apprehended by the men of Inspector Qadir Ganderbali, a figure notorious for his involvement in suppressing dissent.<ref name="a134"/> In 1967, he was arrested for launching a mass agitation against the government, demanding better wages.<ref name="tcn2018"/>

==Death==
On 1 July 2023, Sampat Prakash died from a cardiac arrest in [[Srinagar]].<ref name="c976"/><ref name="h170">{{cite web | title=Veteran trade leader Sampat Prakash is no more | website=[[Greater Kashmir]] | date=1 July 2023 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/veteran-trade-leader-sampat-prakash-is-no-more | access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="a134"/> Kundu was brought to the [[Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences]] (SKIMS) in Soura, where medical professionals declared him dead. He was 86.<ref name="j021"/>

Kundu had been residing in Srinagar for the past four months at the time. His family members confirmed his death and announced that his cremation ceremony would take place on 2 July 2023 in Karan Nagar (Srinagar).<ref name="j021"/> The news of Kundu's death was met with condolences from various quarters, including politicians, trade unions, and other international organisations.<ref name="b929">{{cite web | last=Yattoo | first=Irfan | title=Political parties condole demise of trader leader Sampat Prakash | website=[[Rising Kashmir]] | date=2 July 2023 |url=http://risingkashmir.com/political-parties-condole-demise-of-trader-leader-sampat-prakash-e358397c-1cd6-443b-8a9a-eafb7c0a9ac1 | access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="c061">{{cite web | title='Carried spirit of Kashmir': International Trade Union Confederation condoles Sampat Prakash's demise | website=The Kashmiriyat | date=5 July 2023 |url=https://thekashmiriyat.co.uk/carried-spirit-of-kashmir-international-trade-union-confederation-condoles-sampat-prakashs-demise/ | access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> He was cremated at Karan Nagar on 2 July 2023.<ref name="u032"/>

==Bibliography==
*[[Nandita Haksar|Haksar, Nandita]] (2015). ''The Many Faces of Kashmiri Nationalism: From the Cold War to the Present Day.'' India: [[Speaking Tiger Books|Speaking Tiger]].<ref name="Haksar 2015 p.">{{cite book |last=Haksar |first=Nandita |author-link=Nandita Haksar |title=The Many Faces of Kashmiri Nationalism |date=2015 |publisher=Speaking Tiger |isbn=978-93-85288-18-0 |pages=335}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Sampat}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]

Bolo Dugga Maiki

2026-03-04T00:33:40Z

MDPOliva97: fixed structure further

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bolo Dugga Maiki
| image = Bolo Dugga Maiki poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical first look
| director = [[Raj Chakraborty]]
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] [[Mahendra Soni]]
| writer = [[Raj Chakraborty]]
| screenplay = Padmanabha Dasgupta
| story = [[Raj Chakraborty]]
| starring = [[Ankush Hazra]] [[Nusrat Jahan]]
| music = [[Arindam Chatterjee]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Mohammad Kalam
| studio = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| distributor = {{plainlist|
* [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] (India)
* [[Jaaz Multimedia]] (Bangladesh)
}}
| released = {{Film date|2017|9|22|India|2017|11|17|Bangladesh|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
| native_name =
}}

'''''Bolo Dugga Maiki''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Raj Chakraborty]] and produced by [[Shrikant Mohta]] and Mahendra Soni under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]. The film stars [[Ankush Hazra]] and [[Nusrat Jahan]] in lead roles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/bolo-dugga-mai-ki/movie-review/60838877.cms|title=Bolo Dugga Mai Ki Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> The movie is partially based on the 2015 Malayalam movie ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]''.

== Plot ==
Shamyo is a carefree man who lives an extravagant life with his two best friends Bangal and Totlu. Due to his activities, he is disowned by his grandfather and forced to leave his home. The story follows the misadventures of Shamyo after leaving his house. Problems arrived when he took selfies with an unknown girl, Uma, and sent them to his best friends through their WhatsApp group on a train journey. As his best friends posted the selfie on Facebook, Uma's family members misunderstood that Shamyo was the guy with whom Uma eloped. Gobor Pal, Uma's father threatened Shamyo that if he can't return Uma home then he would be killed. After many misadventures, Shamyo and his two friends returned Uma to her home while Shamyo pretending to be "Niloy", the guy with whom Uma had eloped. Gobor's four brothers became angry with Shamyo. But Uma's grandmother accepted Shamyo as her grandson-in-law. Unhappy with her decision, the five brothers planned to take revenge on Shamyo. After winning the 'dhunuchi nach' competition, Uma's family accepted Shamyo and arranged for their wedding. But Shamyo complicated the situation by returning to his grandfather without telling anyone of Uma's family. On the other hand, Uma learned that she was adopted by her family and so left the house. But Shamyo returned her to her family. Shamyo's grandfather saw the change in his grandson and accepted the wedding of Shamyo and Uma.

==Cast==
{{div col}}
* [[Ankush Hazra]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ankush-is-all-set-for-a-makeover/articleshow/61516653.cms|title=Ankush is all set for a makeover - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> as Shamyo
* [[Nusrat Jahan]] as Uma
* [[Rajatava Dutta]] as Gobor, Uma's father
* Sudip Mukherjee as Uma's uncle
* [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]] as Bangal, Shamyo's friend
* Rajdeep Ghosh as Totlu, Shamyo's friend
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Shamyo's grandfather
* [[Kaushik Banerjee]] as Shamyo's uncle
* [[Debika Mitra]]
* Rupsa Dasgupta
* Parthasarathi Chakraborty
* Sugato Roy
* Proshor Biswas
* Soumen Bhattacharya
* Bulbuli Pandja
* Puspita Mukherjee
* Ishita Chatterjee
* Horidas Chatterjee as Jhinge
* Arun Kumar Guha Thakurata
* Supriyo Dutta as bar owner (cameo appearance)
* Moyna Mukherjee as Pia, Uma's sister-in-law
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bolo Dugga Maiki
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Arindam Chatterjee]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 September 2017
| studio = AMV Studios
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| producer = [[Arindam Chatterjee|Arindom]]
| prev_title = [[One (2017 film)|One]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Cockpit (2017 film)|Cockpit]]
| next_year = 2017
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Bolo Dugga Maiki
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Hote Paare Na
| single1date = 16 August 2017
| single2 = Dugga Ma
| single2date = 27 August 2017
| single3 = Tomar Dyakha Naai
| single3date = 3 September 2017
| single4 = Lukochuri
| single4date = 17 September 2017
}}
}}

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics = Priyo Chattopadhyay, [[Raja Chanda]], Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee), [[Dipangshu Acharya]]
| all_music = [[Arindam Chatterjee]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hote Paare Na
| note1 =
| lyrics1 = Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee)
| extra1 = [[Arindam Chatterjee]] and Prashmita Paul
| length1 = 05:13
| title2 = Dugga Ma
| note2 =
| lyrics2 = Priyo Chattopadhyay, Raja Chanda and Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee)
| extra2 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length2 = 04:30
| title3 = Tomar Dyakha Naai
| note3 =
| lyrics3 = Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee)
| extra3 = Arijit Singh
| length3 = 03:35
| title4 = Lukochuri
| note4 =
| lyrics4 = Dipangshu Acharya
| extra4 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length4 = 03:46
| total_length =
}}'''Notes'''
* "Hote Paare Na" was programmed by Prasad Shashte and Suvam Moitra; guitar performed by Ankur Mukherjee and Suvam Moitra; pre-mixed by Suvam Moitra; mix and master by Eric Pillai
* "Dugga Ma" was mixed and mastered by Eric Pillai
* "Tomar Dyakha Naai" was programmed by Hyacinth D'souza and Soumo - Subho; mixed and mastered by Shadab Rayeen
* "Lukochuri" was programmed by Sourav Roy, mixed and mastered by Suvam Moitra, with an African chorus by Mustapha Mensa, guitar by Banjo Dotara, ukulele by Ankur Mukherjee and cajon by Deepesh and Onkar

== Production ==
''Bolo Dugga Maiki'' was produced by [[SVF Entertainment]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/specials/bengali/durga-comes-alive-on-the-big-screen/articleshow/60826794.cms|title=Durga comes alive on the big screen - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> Some parts of the film were filmed in [[Murshidabad]], [[Nashipur]], [[Bangkok]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/this-trio-should-make-up-their-minds-by-the-end-of-the-year-/articleshow/60991404.cms|title=This trio should make up their minds by this year - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Bolo Dugga Maiki'' was released by [[SVF Entertainment]] in India alongside the holiday of [[Durga Puja|Puja]].<ref name=":1" /> The film was released alongside other high-profile films releasing for the [[Durga Puja|Puja]] holiday, such as [[Yeti Obhijaan]] and [[Cockpit (2017 film)|Cockpit]]. In response to this, actor [[Ankush Hazra]] said "So many films with good content are being released this Puja. I think people will find it the perfect time to watch Bengali movies as this is the time to go back to their roots and be proud of 'Bangaliana' (Bengaliness)."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/9092596_Seven-Bengali-films-to-vie-for-audience-this-Puja.html|title=Seven Bengali films to vie for audience this Puja|date=22 September 2017|website=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

It was announced in November that Bangladeshi film company [[Jaaz Multimedia]] would release the film in Bangladesh on 17 November 2017, after a deal was made with SVF Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bengalimovies2013.blogspot.in/2017/12/bolo-dugga-mai-ki-2017-ankush-hazra.html|title=৯০টি হলে মুক্তি পেলো ‘বলো দুগ্গা মাঈকী’ - কন্ঠ ৭১|date=17 November 2017|work=কন্ঠ ৭১|access-date=2017-11-20|language=Bengali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bengalimovies2013.blogspot.in/2017/12/bolo-dugga-mai-ki-2017-ankush-hazra.html|title=যে ৯০টি হলে ‘বলো দুগ্গা মাঈকী’|work=sonalinews.com|access-date=2017-11-20|language=Bengali}}</ref> The deal made between Jaaz Multimedia and SVF Entertainment was made under the South Asia Free Trade Area agreement (SAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengalimovies2013.blogspot.in/2017/12/bolo-dugga-mai-ki-2017-ankush-hazra.html|title=৯০ সিনেমা হলে অঙ্কুশ-নুসরাত|website=Bangladesh Journal Online|language=Bengali|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Srijoy Mukherjee of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote in his review that the film had a promising start, but eventually becomes just a generic comedy. Noting the film's direction, vision, usage of product placements and lack of usage of the [[Durga Puja|Puja]] theme and [[Nusrat Jahan]]'s character, the film was let down by an average script. However, the review the performances of the two lead actors, especially [[Ankush Hazra]], noting his expressions, comic timing and body language and lauding his ability as a comic actor.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt8016500}}

{{Raj Chakraborty}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolo Dugga Maiki}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films about festivals]]
[[Category:Bengali remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arindam Chatterjee]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Chakraborty]]
[[Category:Durga Puja in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Jaaz Multimedia]]

Sandhya Mukherjee

2026-02-24T15:06:54Z

MDPOliva97: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian playback singer and musician (1931–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Sandhya Mukherjee
| background = solo_singer
| image = Sandhya Mukherjee.webp
| imagesize =
| caption = Sandhya Mukherjee
| birth_name = Sandhya Mukherjee
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|10|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British Raj
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|02|15|1931|10|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| instrument =
| genre = [[Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer, composer
| years_active =
| honorific_prefix = Geetashree
| spouse = [[Shyamal Gupta]]
}}
{{Listen
| type = music
| filename = গানে_মোর_কোন্_ইন্দ্রধনু.mp3
| title = Sandhya Mukhopadhyay singing "Gane more kon Indrodhonu"
| description = Music composer [[Anupam Ghatak]], Lyricist [[Gauriprasanna Majumdar]], Singer Sandhya Mukhopadhyay
|pos =
}}
'''Geetashree'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Geetashree Sandhya's Journey Of Songs Comes To An End At 90|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/geetashree-sandhyas-journey-of-songs-comes-to-an-end-at-90/articleshow/89602528.cms|access-date=2022-02-17|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=2022-02-15|title=Legendary Bengali singer Sandhya Mukhopadhyay passes away at 90|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/legendary-bengali-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-passes-away-at-90/article65053669.ece|access-date=2022-02-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> '''Sandhya Mukherjee''' (also spelled '''Mukhopadhyay'''; 4 October 1931 – 15 February 2022) was an Indian playback singer and musician, specialising in [[Bengali music]]. She received [[Banga Bibhushan]], the highest civilian honour of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] in 2011.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105234331/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-26/kolkata/29815979_1_manna-dey-mamata-banerjee-award State honours nine with Banga-Vibhushan]. ''[[The Times of India]]''.</ref> She also won the [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] for her songs in the films ''Jay Jayanti'' and ''[[Nishi Padma]]'' in the year 1970.<ref name="18thawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf |title=18th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
Mukherjee was born in [[Dhakuria]], [[Calcutta]], on 4 October 1931 to Narendranath Mukherjee, a railway official, and Hemprova Devi. She was the youngest of six children. Her grandfather was a police officer, and the family had lived in Dhakuria since 1911.<ref name="observerbd">{{cite news |last1=Saleheen |first1=Mesbah-us- |title=A singer with a transparent voice |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/02/06/70889.php |accessdate=10 October 2017 |work=The Daily Observer |date=6 February 2015 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155400/http://www.observerbd.com/2015/02/06/70889.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was married to noted lyrist [[Shyamal Gupta]], until his death in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=মিত্র |first=সৈকত |title=Sandhya Mukherjee: যত নামীই হও, আমার একতলার বাড়িতেই থাকতে হবে, বিয়ের আগে সন্ধ্যাকে বলেছিলেন শ্যামল |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/shyamal-gupta-used-to-control-sandhya-mukherjee-admitted-saikat-mitra-dgtl/cid/1329147 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> She has a daughter named Soumi Sengupta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-25 |title='Demeaning': Veteran singer Sandhya Mukherjee, 90, refuses Padma Shri award |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/news/demeaning-veteran-singer-sandhya-mukherjee-90-refuses-padma-shri-award-12247652.htm |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Training and career==
Sandhya started her music training under the direction of Pandit Santosh Kumar Basu, Professor A T Kannan, and Professor Chinmoy Lahiri. However, her ''guru'' was [[Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]], followed by his son Ustad Munawar Ali Khan, under whom she mastered Indian classical music.<ref name="sharma">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Manorma |title=Tradition of Hindustani Music |date=2006 |publisher=APH Publishing House |pages=119–120 |isbn=9788176489997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&q=sandhya&pg=PA118 |accessdate=12 October 2017}}</ref> According to Manorma Sharma, "Sandhya has been able to maintain her popularity as a classical vocalist even after acquiring the gloss and the glow of playback singing ..."<ref name="sharma" />

Though classically trained, the bulk of her work consists of Bengali modern songs. She began her career in [[Mumbai]] singing [[Hindi]] songs, starting with a song in the film ''Taarana'' in 1950. She sang, as a playback singer, in 17 Hindi films. She decided to come back to and settle in her home city [[Kolkata]] in 1952 for personal reasons. She married Bengali poet [[Shyamal Gupta]] in 1966. Gupta went on to write the lyrics for many of her songs.

Her best known collaboration is arguably with the Bengali singer [[Hemanta Mukherjee]] with whom she sang numerous duets, primarily as playback for Bengali films. Hemanta and Sandhya became known as the voices behind the pairings of the Bengali superstar [[Uttam Kumar]] and his numerous heroines, most notably being the actress [[Suchitra Sen]], whose singing voice she became. Besides [[Hemanta Mukherjee]]'s compositions, her largest body of work is with Robin Chattopadhyay and Nachiketa Ghosh.

During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] she joined the mass movement among Indian Bengali artistes to raise money for the millions of refugees who had poured into [[Kolkata]] and [[West Bengal]] to escape the fighting, and to raise global awareness for the cause of Bangladesh. She assisted Bangladeshi musician [[Samar Das]] as he set up the [[Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra]], the clandestine radio station broadcasting to Bangladesh and recorded several patriotic songs for him. On the occasion of the release of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the imprisoned leader of the new country of [[Bangladesh]], she released a song ''Bangabandhu Tumi Phirey Ele''. She later became one of the first foreign artists to visit [[Dhaka]], performing at an open-air concert in Paltan Maidan in [[Dhaka]] to celebrate the first [[Ekushey February]] after Bangladeshi independence in 1971.

On 26 January 2022, on the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] and a few days before testing positive for [[COVID-19]], Mukherjee was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] for her performance in music.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandhya Mukherjee hospitalised with Covid|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/entertainment/sandhya-mukherjee-hospitalised-with-covid-1643359130|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The Financial Express|language=en}}</ref> However, she refused the award, labelling it "disparaging and degrading".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-27|title=Meet Sandhya Mukherjee, the 90-year-old Bengali music legend who turned down Padma Shri|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sandhya-mukherjee-bengali-music-padma-shri-7744273/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Mukherjee died of cardiac arrest and COVID-19 complications<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-veteran-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-in-hospital-tests-covid-positive/articleshow/89169541.cms | title=Kolkata: Veteran singer Sandhya Mukhopadhyay in hospital, tests Covid positive | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 January 2022 }}</ref> at a private hospital in [[Kolkata]] on 15 February 2022, at the age of 90.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-15|title=Bengali singer Sandhya Mukhopadhyay, whose golden voice enthralled generations, passes away at 90|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengali-veteran-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-passes-away-7775356/|access-date=2022-02-15|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Songs==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Music director !! Song(s) !! Language
|-
|1945||Non Film||Girin Chakrabarti||"Tumi firaye diyachho", "Tomar akashe jhilmil kore"|| Bengali
|-
| 1948 ||Anjangarh|| [[Raichand Boral|R C Boral]] || "Ab Nahi Dharat Dheer Dheer" || Hindi
|-
|1948||Anjangarh||[[Raichand Boral|R C Boral]]|| "Ramdhun", "Gun gun mor gaan"|| Bengali
|-
|1948||Sabyasachi||[[Robin Chattopadhyay]]|| ||Bengali
|-
|1948||Samapika||[[Robin Chattopadhyay]]||"Manusher mone bhor holo aj", "Protima goriya debota cheyechhi", "Amare loye je", "Ami shudhu bangi"||Bengali
|-
|1948||Abhiman||Ramchandra Pal|| ||
|-
|1949||Bidushi Bharja|| || ||
|-
|1949||Chota Bhai|| [[Pankaj Mullick]]||"Ramdhun"||Hindi
|-
|1949||Swami||[[Hemanta Mukherjee]]|| || Bengali
|-
|1950||Pehla Admi||[[Rai Chand Boral|R C Boral]]|| ||Hindi
|-
|1950||Non Film||[[Shyamal Mitra]]||"Ogo mor geetimoy"||Bengali
|-
| 1951 || ''[[Sazaa (1951 film)|Sazaa]]'' || [[S D Burman]] || "Aa Gupchup Gupchup Pyar Karen" "Ye Baat Koi Samjhaye Re" || Hindi
|-
| 1951 || ''Taraana'' || [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] || "Bol Papihe Bol Kaun Hai Tera Chitchor" || Hindi
|-
| 1952 || ''Izzat'' || Bulo C Rani || "Ishq Me Ho Jao Barbaad" "Kya Kya Sitam Sahe Hain Do Din Ki Zindagi Me" "Tera Jhoomta Shabaab Jaise" || Hindi
|-
| 1953 || ''Baaghi'' || [[Madan Mohan]] || "Jungle Mangal" || Hindi
|-
| 1953 || ''[[Ek Do Teen (film)|Ek Do Teen]]'' || Vinod || "Aa Jaa Re Balam Tujhe Meri Kasam" || Hindi
|-
| 1953 || ''Fareb'' || Anil Biswas || "Udaasiyon Me Nazar Kho Gai" || Hindi
|-
| 1953 || ''Husn Ka Chor'' || Bulo C Rani || "Dheere Dheere Dil Me Samaa" "Dil Lagaane Wale Apne Se Hazaaron Hain" "O Jaane Waale Kisi Ka Salaam Leta Jaa" "O Sangdil Zamaane Mujkhe Kyun Rulaata Hai" || Hindi
|-
| 1954 || ''Manohar'' || S Venkat Raman || "Aayee Basant Ritu Aayee Bahaar Leke" "Doob Gaye Sab Aas Ke Taare" "Rut Hai Suhaani Raat Jawan Hai" "Sukh Bhari Duniya Meri Barbaad Jo" || Hindi
|-
| 1956 || [[Jaagte Rahoo|Jaagte Raho]]|| [[Salil Choudhary]] || "Maine Jo Lee Angrayee Teri Mehfil" || Hindi
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Mamta (1966 film)|Mamta]]'' || [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]] || "Tose Naina Laage Re Saanwariya" || Hindi
|-
| 1970 || ''Jai jayanti'' || || "Jhana jhanana Sur jhankare" || Bengali
|-
| || || || "Mone Mone Gatha Mala" ||
|-
| || || || "Shaon Elo Oi Thoi Thoi"||
|-
| || || || "Projapoti Mon Amar"||
|-
| || || || "Tumi Nahoy Rahite Kachhe"||
|-
| || || || "Mor Bhiru Se Krishnakali"||
|-
| || || || "Madhumaloti Dake Aay"||
|-
| || || ||"Polash Amar Krishnachura"||
|-
| || || ||"Bashi Go Bole Papiya"||
|-
| || || ||"Lalita Go Bole Di"||
|-
| || || ||"Holud Gandar Phool"||
|-
| || || ||"Ei Sanjhjhara Lagane"||
|-
| || || ||"Dhanya Hobo Je Ami"||
|-
| || || ||"Ebare Bujjechi Ami"||
|-
| || || ||"Ami Tomare Bhalobesechi"||
|-
| || || ||"Mayabati Meghe Elo Tandra"||
|-
| ||Non film|| ||"O Re Jeenewale" ||
|-
| || || ||"Ogu Sindur Ranga Megh"||
|-
| || || ||"Shankha Bajiye Make"||
|-
| || || ||"Ni Sa Ga Ma Pa"||
|-
| || || ||"Piya Piya Piya Ke Dake Amare"||
|-
| || || ||"O Bak Bakum Paira"||
|-
| || || ||"Badho Jhulona"||
|-
| || || ||"E Je Bangla"||
|-
| || || ||"Tumi Je Amar Pratham Rater"||
|-
| || || ||"Aha Ki Misti"||
|-
| 1961 || [[Saptapadi (1961 film)|''Saptapadi'']]|| [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]]||"[[Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy (song)|Ei Path Jadi Na Sesh Hoy]]"||
|-
| || || ||"He Sagar Keno Tomay Nil Dekhi"||
|-
| || || ||"Aaj Keno O Chokh Lal"||
|-
| || || ||"Ke Tumi Amare Dako"||
|-
| || || ||"Gane Mor Kon Indradhanu"||
|-
| || || ||"Boro Derite Tumi"||
|-
| || || ||"Tumi To Janona"||
|-
| || || ||"Champa Chameli"||
|-
| || || ||"Se Gan Jai Je Bhule"||
|-
| || || ||"Boro Derite Tumi Bujhle"||
|-
| || || ||"Ogo Momo Prano Hay"||
|-
| || || ||"Ore O Bijan Baner Pakhi"||
|-
| || || ||E Shudhu Ganer Din"||
|-
| || || ||"Kichhu Khushi Kichhu Nesha"||
|-
| || || ||"Moner Madhuri Mishaye"||
|-
| || || ||"Shuno Shuno Ei Raat"||
|-
| || || ||"Aar Dekona Ei Modhu Name"||
|-
| || || ||"Tari Bhese Jay"||
|-
| || || ||"Na Jani Kon Chhande"||
|-
| || || ||"Sharame Jorano Akhi"||
|-
| || || ||"E Sundar Ratri"||
|-
| || || ||"Ekti Sukher Neer"||
|-
| || || ||"Prabhat Surja"||
|-
| || || ||"Aaj Holi Khelbo Shyam"||
|-
| || || ||"Ore Sokal Sona"||
|-
| || || ||"Bah Chharata To Besh"||
|-
| || || ||"Shyamal Barani Ogo Kanya"||
|-
| || || ||"Prantateri Gaan Amar"||
|-
| || ||[[Salil Chowdhury]] ||"Ujjal Ekjhak Payra"||
|-
| || || ||"Shraban Ajhare Jhare"||
|-
| || || ||"Aay Bristy Jhepe"||
|-
| || || ||"Jare Ja Phire Ja"||
|-
| || || ||"Gungun Mon Bhomra"||
|-
| || || ||"Jibone Ja Kichu Chilo"||
|-
| || || ||"Jodi Naam Dhore Take Daaki"||
|-
| || || ||"Godhulir Shanto Chhayay"||
|-
| || || ||"Ke Jeno Pother Majhe"||
|-
| || || ||"Guru Guru"||
|-
| || || ||"Sajani Go Kotha Shono"||
|-
| || || ||"Sajani Go Sajani"||
|-
| || || ||"Kichu Aar Kahibo Na"||
|-
| || || ||"O Neel Neel Payra"||
|-
|}

== Bengali film songs ==
{| class="sortable wikitable
|-
!Year
!Film
! Song
!Composer(s)
!Lyricist
!Co-singer
|-
| rowspan=2| 1950
!rowspan=2| ''Se Nilo Biday''
| "Tobo Moner Modhubone"
| rowspan=2| Subal Dasgupta
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Amar Surer Dheu Legechhe"
|-
| rowspan=3| 1955
!''[[Hrad (film)|Hrad]]''
| "Chand Dube Gele"
| Manabendra Mukhopadhyay
|
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''[[Sabar Uparey]]''
| "Ghum Ghum Chand"
| rowspan=2| Robin Chatterjee
| rowspan=2| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Janina Phurabe Kobe"
|-
|rowspan=16| 1956
!rowspan=3| ''Asamapta''
| "Bauri Hoyeche Aaj Sreeradha"
| rowspan=3| Nachiketa Ghosh
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Monobeena Baaje"
|-
| "Eto Bhabini Konodin"
|-
!rowspan=3| ''[[Ekti Raat]]''
| "Kakon Bole Shrimoti Tobe"
| rowspan=3| Anupam Ghatak
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "O Bashi Daake"
|-
| "Prodiper Shikha Keno Kaape"
|-
!''[[Jagte Raho|Ek Din Ratre]]''
| "Se Gaan Ami"
| colspan=2| Salil Chowdhury
| solo
|-
!''[[Shankar Narayan Bank]]''
| "Etodin Pore Tomaro Poth"
| Anupam Ghatak
|
| solo
|-
!rowspan=4| ''Trijama''
| "Pakhir Kujon Kunje"
| rowspan=4| Hemanta Mukherjee
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| solo
|-
| "Dhup Chirodin"
|-
| "Jhiri Jhiri Piyaler"
|-
| "Matite Chandramallika"
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Raat Bhore''
| "Bone Noy Mone Aaj"
| rowspan=2| Satinath Mukherjee
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Rimjhim Jhim Taale"
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Shilpi''
| "Tumi Je Amar"
| rowspan=2| Robin Chatterjee
| rowspan=2| Pranab Raha
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Nupurer Gunjone"
|-
|rowspan=7| 1957
!''[[Chandranath (1957 film)|Chandranath]]''
| "Mor Bheeru Se Krishnokoli"
| Robin Chatterjee
| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Jatra Holo Shuru''
| "E Gaan Gaoa Mor"
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Jadubhare Naina Tore"
|-
!rowspan=4| ''[[Pathe Holo Deri]]''
| "Polash Aar Krishnachura"
| rowspan=4| Robin Chatterjee
| rowspan=4| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| rowspan=4| solo
|-
| "Ei Sajhero Logone"
|-
| "Tumi Nahoy Rohite Kachhe"
|-
| "E Shudhu Gaaner Din"
|-
| 1959
!''[[Sonar Harin]]''
| "Ei Je Chander Alo"
| Hemanta Mukherjee
| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| solo
|-
| rowspan=2| 1961
!rowspan=2| ''[[Saptapadi (1961 film)|Saptapadi]]''
| "Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy"
| rowspan=2| Hemanta Mukherjee
| rowspan=2| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| Hemanta Mukherjee
|-
| "Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy" (female)
| solo
|-
|rowspan=3| 1962
!rowspan=3| ''[[Bipasha (film)|Bipasha]]''
| "Ami Swapne Tomay Dekhechi"
|rowspan=3| Robin Chatterjee
|rowspan=3| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Klantir Poth"
|-
| "Rojoni Pohalo"
|-
|rowspan=7| 1963
! ''[[Bhrantibilas]]''
| "Tumi Ki Sei Tumi Nao"
| Shyamal Mitra
| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''[[Deya Neya]]''
| "E Gaane Projapotir" (part 1)
| rowspan=2| Shyamal Mitra
| rowspan=2| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "E Gaane Projapotir" (part 2)
|-
! Rowspan=4| ''[[Uttar Falguni]]''
| "Kaun Tarah Se Tum"
| rowspan=4| Robin Chatterjee
| rowspan=4| Traditional
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Tum Chatur"
|-
| "Zindagi Ki Ek Bhool Thi"
|-
| "Tore Naina Lage"
| Chhaya Devi
|-
| rowspan=2| 1965
! Rowspan=2| ''[[Alor Pipasa]]''
| "Minoti Mor Tomar Paaye"
| rowspan=2| Hemanta Mukherjee
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Aaja Piya"
|-
| rowspan=3| 1966
!rowspan=2| ''Notun Jibon''
| "Ami Tomare Bhalobeshechi"
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Tomare Bhalobeshechi"
|-
!''Uttar Purush''
| "Moner Dewale Chirodin"
| Manabendra Mukhopadhyay
| Shyamal Gupta
| solo
|-
| rowspan=8| 1967
!rowspan=4| ''[[Antony Firingee (film)|Antony Firingee]]''
| "Tunhu Mamo Monopran Hey"
| rowspan=4| Anil Bagchi
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Ghiri Ghiri Aai"
|-
| "Ami Je Jalsaghare" (female)
|-
| "Champa Chameli Golaperi Baage"
| Manna Dey
|-
!''[[Gar Nasimpur]]''
| "Je Golap Kaantar Ghaye"
| Shyamal Mitra
|
| solo
|-
!rowspan=3| ''[[Nayika Sangbad]]''
| "Aji Chonchol Mon"
| rowspan=3| Hemanta Mukherjee
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Ki Mishti Dekho"
|-
| "Keno E Hridoy"
|-
| rowspan=10| 1969
! Rowspan=6| ''Kamallata''
| "O Mon Kokhon Shuru"
| rowspan=6| Robin Chatterjee
| rowspan=3| Pranab Roy
| rowspan=2| Shyamal Mitra
|-
| "Se Bine Aar Janena"
|-
| "Niyon Mohon Shyam"
|-
| "Kohe Chondidas"
| Traditional
|-
| "Ham Abhagini Tahe Ekakini"
| Chandidas
|-
| "Tomar Gorobe Gorobini"
| Mahajan Padabali
|-
! Rowspan=4| ''Pita Putra''
| "Teer Bedha Pakhi"
| rowspan=4| Pabitra Chattopadhyay
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Probhuji Tumi Dao Dordhon"
|-
| "Tumi Koto Sundor"
|-
| "Raag Je Tomar Mishti"
| Hemanta Mukherjee
|-
| rowspan=4| 1970
! Rowspan=3| ''Bhanu Goyenda Jahar Assistant''
| "Phooler Marshum Chandni"
| rowspan=3| Shyamal Mitra
| rowspan=3| Pranab Roy
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Malatir Kunjabone Bhramarer Gunjarane"
|-
| "Dure Jadi Chale Jaai"
| Shyamal Mitra
|-
!''[[Nishi Padma]]''
| "Ore Sokol Sona Molin Holo"
| Nachiketa Ghosh
| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| solo
|-
| 1971
!''Shakuntala''
| "Dekhogo Priya Dekhona"
| Kalipada Sen
| Saral Guha
| solo
|-
| 1972
!''Jiban Saikate''
| "Keno Je Ke Jaane"
| Sudhin Dasgupta
|
| solo
|-
| 1973
!''[[Dhire Bohe Meghna]]''
| "Koto Je Dhire Bohe Meghna"
| Samar Das, Satya Saha
| Mohammad Moniruzzaman
| Hemanta Mukherjee
|-
| 1974
!''[[Fuleswari]]''
| "Hay Hay Hay Hay"
| Hemanta Mukherjee
| Pulak Banerjee
| Aarti Mukherjee
|-
| 1975
!''Hongsoraaj''
| "Namah Mata Saraswati"
| Sudhin Dasgupta
|
| Aarti Mukherjee, Tarun Banerjee
|-
|rowspan=5| 1976
!''Priyo Bandhobi''
| "Emon Ekti Golpo Bolte Paro"
| Nachiketa Ghosh
|
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Rajbongsho''
| "Mohuate Hoyna Nesha" (female)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| solo
|-
| "Chol Chol Phire Chol"
| Arundhati Holme Chowdhury
|-
! rowspan=2|''[[Sudur Niharika]]''
| "Aaj Ei Raat Jolshar Raat"
| rowspan=2| Manabendra Mukhopadhyay
| rowspan=2| Shyamal Gupta
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Ahoto Pakhi"
|-
|rowspan=3| 1977
!''Ajasra Dhanyabad''
| "Tumi Je Amari Gaan"
| Shyamal Mitra
| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Praner Thakur Ramkrishna''
| "Ogo Nororupi Bhogoban"
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Mon Amar Krishno"
|-
| 1978
!''Punarmilan''
| "Ebare Bujhechhi Ami"
| Kalipada Sen
|
| solo
|-
| rowspan=5| 1980
!''Priyatama''
| "Bhaibon Dujoner Sneho"
| Shyamal Mitra
|
| Shyamal Mitra
|-
!''Putul Ghor''
| "O Akash"
|
|
| solo
|-
!rowspan=2| ''Sujata''
| "Jodi Chand Aar Surjo"
| rowspan=2| Nachiketa Ghosh
| rowspan=2|
| Aarti Mukherjee
|-
| "Bashi Bajbena Keno"
| solo
|-
!''Upalabdhi''
| "Golaper Ator Achhe"
|
|
| solo
|-
| rowspan=2| 1981
!rowspan=2| ''Kalankini''
| "Payel Bedhechhi Paaye"
| rowspan=2| Shyamal Mitra
| rowspan=2| Gouriprasanna Mazumdar
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Amar E Buke Kanna"
|-
| rowspan=3| 1982
!rowspan=2| ''Sonar Bangla''
| "Ei Je Bangla"
| rowspan=2| Neeta Sen
| rowspan=2| Gauriprasanna Mazumdar
| Hemanta Mukherjee
|-
| "Ekdin Chhilo Je Bharote"
| Sudhin Sarkar
|-
!''Rajbodhu''
| "Aaju Rong Khelatu"
| Abhijeet Banerjee
|
| solo
|-
| 1984
!''Abhishek''
| "Keno Mala Dile"
| Nachiketa Ghosh
|
| Shyamal Mitra
|-
| 1993
!''Prithibir Shesh Station''
| "Khachar Pakhira Aaj"
| Rabi Bandyopadhyay
|
| solo
|-
| rowspan=2| 2000
!rowspan=2| ''Reenmukti''
| "Shanto Nodita Aaj"
| rowspan=2| Abhijeet Banerjee
| rowspan=2|
| Saikat Mitra
|-
| "Jokhon Brishti Ase"
| solo
|-
|}

== Non-film songs ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!! Film !! Song !! Composer !! Lyrics !! Co-singer
|-
| 1975
!''Down Memory Lane : Music of Kamal Dasgupta''<ref>[https://open.spotify.com/album/6p2DDBFCjQgfSqMCvNSVw1 Down Memory Lane (1975) album songs]</ref>
| "Mon Niye Priyo"
| Kamal Dasgupta
| Pranab Roy
| solo
|-
|}

== Urdu film songs ==
{| class="sortable wikitable
|-
!Year
!Film
! Song
!Composer(s)
!Lyricist
!Co-singer
|-
| rowspan=2| 1960
!rowspan=2| ''Humsafar''
| "Aankhen Chhalke Mera Dil Dhadke"
| rowspan=2| Mosleh Uddin
| rowspan=2| Shair Siddiqui
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
| "Sanwariya O Sanwariya Re"
|-
|}

==Awards==

* [[Padma Shri]] in 2022 (refused)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mondal |first1=Rittick |title='Felt insulted': Veteran playback singer Sandhya Mukherjee turns down Padma Shri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/veteran-playback-singer-sandhya-mukherjee-refuses-padma-shri-felt-insulted-1904439-2022-01-26 |work=[[India Today]] |date=26 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banga Bibhushan]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangabibhushan title for luminaries |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/bangabibhushan-title-for-luminaries/article2289417.ece |work=The Hindu |date=24 July 2011 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* Bharat Nirman Award – Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999.
* [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] for the songs "Amader Chuti Chuti" Jay Jayanti and "Ore Sakol Sona Molin Holo" [[Nishi Padma]] in 1971.
* [[BFJA Awards]] – Best Female Playback Singer for ''Sandhya Deeper Sikha'' in 1965
* [[BFJA Awards]] – Best Female Playback Singer for ''Jay Jayanti'' in 1972
* [[Bachsas Awards]] – Best Female Playback Singer for ''[[Dhire Bohe Meghna]]'' in 1973
* Honorary [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt.]] from [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sandhya Mukherjee Is No More: 10 Facts About The Legendary Singer From Bengal |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/gitashree-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-10-facts-about-the-legendary-singer-from-bengal-1513274 |work=news.abplive.com |agency=[[ABP News]] |date=15 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* Lata Mangeshkar Award in 1993, by Govt of Madhya Pradesh

== Death ==
On 27 January, Sandhya Mukherjee was admitted to [[SSKM Hospital]] with breathlessness and was later transferred to Apollo Gleneagles Hospital since she was [[COVID-19]] positive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Mamata meets Sandhya: কোভিড আক্রান্ত সন্ধ্যা, সরানো হচ্ছে বাইপাসের ধারে বেসরকারি হাসপাতালে: মমতা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-visits-sskm-to-enquire-about-singer-sandhya-mukhapadhyay-health-condition-dgtl/cid/1325788 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> She also had lung infections, [[hypotension]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[multi organ dysfunction]] and a fracture at her left [[femur]].<ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Jan 29, 2022 |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay Critical But Stable: Hosp {{!}} Kolkata News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sandhya-mukhopadhyay-critical-but-stable-hosp/articleshow/89190289.cms |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay: গুরুতর অসুস্থ সন্ধ্যার চিকিৎসায় পাঁচ সদস্যের মেডিক্যাল বোর্ড, করানো হল একাধিক পরীক্ষাও |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/sandhya-mukhopadhyay-will-be-under-observation-of-5-members-medical-board-dgtl/cid/1325875 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> She was showing progressive improvement in her treatment, became [[COVID-19]] negative and underwent a successful femoral surgery on 11 February.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay: সন্ধ্যা মুখোপাধ্যায়ের বাঁ পায়ে সফল অস্ত্রোপচার, শারীরিক অবস্থাও স্থিতিশীল |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/left-femur-bone-surgery-of-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-becomes-successful-her-condition-is-stable-dgtl/cid/1328402 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> In the morning of 15 February, she was transferred to the [[intensive care unit]] for sudden severe [[abdominal pain]] and [[hypotension]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-15 |title=সন্ধ্যা মুখোপাধ্যায়ের শারীরিক অবস্থার অবনতি, রয়েছেন ICU-তে ভেসোপ্রেসার সাপোর্টে |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandhya-mukherjee-s-health-condition-deteriorated-she-is-again-in-icu-vasopressor-support-31644930353752.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215133114/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandhya-mukherjee-s-health-condition-deteriorated-she-is-again-in-icu-vasopressor-support-31644930353752.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> following which she died at 7.30 pm of the same day following a cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay Death: প্রয়াত গীতশ্রী সন্ধ্যা, পাতায় পাতায় রামধনু রং ছড়িয়ে সাদাকালো ফ্রেমে গানের প্রজাপতি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bengali-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-passes-away-dgtl/cid/1329112 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran singer Sandhya Mukhopadhyay passes away – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/veteran-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-passes-away/articleshow/89598585.cms |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Times of India |date=15 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> One of the nurses of the hospital reported that she had the cardiac arrest at the time of listening to ''"Ei shohor theke aro onek dure",'' a popular Bengali song by [[Manna Dey]], with whom she sang numerous duets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ঘোষ |first=শান্তনু |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay Death: হাসপাতালে গানে গানেই কেটেছিল শেষ কয়েক ঘণ্টা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/how-singer-sandhya-mukhopadhyay-spent-spent-her-last-few-hours-in-the-hospital/cid/1329367 |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> She was cremated at the electric pyre of [[Keoratola crematorium]] with full state honours.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Sandhya Mukhopadhyay Funeral: সন্ধ্যা-প্রদীপ নিভেছিল মঙ্গলেই, বুধ সন্ধ্যায় চিরতরে বিলীন তাঁর নশ্বর দেহ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/process-of-sandhya-mukhopadhyays-last-rite-and-ritual-started-mamata-returned-to-kolkata-for-last-prayer-dgtl/cid/1329227 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|0611474}}

{{National Film Award Best Female Playback Singer}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Sandhya}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Bengali-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Best Female Playback Singer National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Female Singer Bachsas Award winners]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

Shakti Mohan

2026-02-23T20:17:56Z

MDPOliva97: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian dancer and choreographer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shakti Mohan
| image = Shakti-Mohan.jpg
| caption = Mohan in 2013
| birth_place =
| alma mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Dancer|choreographer}}
| years_active = 2009–present
| relatives = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Neeti Mohan]] (elder sister) |Kriti Mohan (older sister)|[[Mukti Mohan]] (younger sister)}}
}}
'''Shakti Mohan''' is an Indian dancer, choreographer and television personality. She is the winner of [[Zee TV]]'s dance reality show '' [[Dance India Dance |Dance India Dance 2]]''. Mohan has been a judge and captain of Indian reality show ''[[Dance Plus]]'' since its inception''.''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/dance-plus-6-judge-shakti-mohan-approached-bigg-boss-ott-season-2-find-out-1111823 | title=Dance Plus 6 judge Shakti Mohan approached for Bigg Boss OTT season 2? Find out | access-date=1 November 2022 | archive-date=24 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224135249/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/dance-plus-6-judge-shakti-mohan-approached-bigg-boss-ott-season-2-find-out-1111823 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Following her victory in the second season of ''[[Dance India Dance]]'', Shakti produced dance-themed calendars for 2012 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/dance-reality-show-winner-shakti-mohan-launches-her-own-calendar/193185 |title=Dance reality show winner Shakti Mohan launches her own calendar |first=Chulbuli |last=Pandey |date=18 December 2012 |website=Mid-Day}}</ref> She was cast in the fictional dance based teen series ''[[Dil Dosti Dance]]'' (2011) as main lead character. In 2012, she collaborated with the composer [[Mohammed Fairouz]] on a [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]]-sponsored dance project in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=BBC World News Collaborative Culture (Collaboration Culture) Shakti Mohan |url=http://beta.uthtime.in/entertain-me/movies-music-tv/bbc-world-news-collaboration-culture |work=U’th Time |access-date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045303/http://beta.uthtime.in/entertain-me/movies-music-tv/bbc-world-news-collaboration-culture |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2013, Mohan launched a [[YouTube]] channel with dance instruction videos. She was also a contestant and finalist on ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' (2014).

She then became the judge and mentor in the dance competition reality show ''[[Dance Plus]]'' for Seasons 1–4 and also judged the show ''Dance Singapore Dance''. Her first song as a choreographer in [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] is "Nainowale Ne" in the movie ''[[Padmaavat]]''. In 2020, Shakti choreographed a song for [[Ranbir Kapoor]] in the film ''[[Shamshera]]'' directed by [[Karan Malhotra]]. The film was released in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranbir-kapoor-vaani-kapoor-sanjay-dutt-announce-release-date-shamshera-power-packed-video/ |title=Ranbir Kapoor, Vaani Kapoor and Sanjay Dutt announce release date of Shamshera with power packed video|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=11 February 2022 }}</ref> Shakti has also been a part of a [[L’Oréal Paris]] campaign in 2020.

She has appeared in the music videos ''Kamli'' (2013), ''Akh Lad Jaave Nritya Jam'' (2018), ''Kanha Re'' (2018), ''Aakhri Baar'' (2019), ‘The Chamiya Song’ (2019) and ‘Saaton Janam’ (2020).

Shakti Mohan, with her brand NrityaShakti for dance production, has produced two webshows on [[YouTube]] named ''Break A Leg'' Season 1 and 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2020 |title=PLAYLIST: Shakti Mohan's Break A Leg Season 2 episodes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shakti-mohan-break-a-leg-season-2-episodes-playlist-6353284/ |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She is the younger sister of the singer [[Neeti Mohan]] and elder sister of the dancer and actress [[Mukti Mohan]], also produced a dance music video with her sisters.

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" |Notes
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''High School Musical 2'' ||rowspan=4|special appearance in song || Appeared in the song "All For One"
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Five youth shows we miss on television |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/five-youth-shows-we-miss-on-television-7143001/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' ||Appeared in the song "Tees Maar Khan"
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Dance India Dance: Where are the winners now? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/dance-india-dance-winners-where-are-they-now-6381361/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' || Appeared in the song "Aa Re Pritam Pyaarre"
|-
| ''Sukoon''|| Album by Vaishali Made
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2019 |title=Shakti Mohan biography in hindi, history, information: शक्ति मोहन का जीवन परिचय, पति, परिवार के बारे में जानकारी |url=https://hindi.theindianwire.com/%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80-197727/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=दा इंडियन वायर |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' || Assistant Choreographer || Song – "Kamli"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Kaanchi]]'' || rowspan=2|special appearance in song || Appeared in the song "Kambal Ke Neeche"
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''[[Samrat & Co]]'' || Appeared in the song "Tequila Wakila"
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Padmaavat]]'' || Choreographer || Song – "Nainowale Ne"
|
|-
| ''[[Nawabzaade]]'' || Item number || Appeared in the song "Amma Dekh"
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Nawabzaade' song 'Amma Dekh': Brace yourselves for the new zingy dance number featuring Shakti Mohan - Times of India ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/nawabzaade-song-amma-dekh-brace-yourselves-for-the-new-zingy-dance-number-featuring-shakti-mohan/articleshow/65039224.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=18 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022|| ''[[Shamshera]]'' || Choreographer || Song - "Hunkara"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakti Mohan On Choreographing Ranbir Kapoor In Shamshera: 'Wish Came True' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shakti-mohan-on-choreographing-ranbir-kapoor-in-shamshera-wish-came-true-2162781 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2009–2010 || ''[[Dance India Dance |Dance India Dance 2]]'' || rowspan=2 |Contestant || Winner
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]'' ||
|-
| 2011–2015 || ''[[Dil Dosti Dance]]'' || Kria Ghai ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[Ram Milaayi Jodi|Preet Se Bandhi Ye Dori Ram Milaayi Jodi]]'' || Sonia || rowspan=7| Guest
|-
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''|| Kriya
|-
| ''Channel V Footloose''|| rowspan=5 |Herself
|-
| ''[[Dance India Dance |Dance India Dance 3]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012 || ''[[Punar Vivah|Punar Vivah - Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''
|-
| ''[[Main Lakshmi Tere Aangan Ki]]''
|-
| 2013 || ''India's Dancing Superstar''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2014 || ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 7)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7]]'' || Contestant || 2nd runner-up
|-
| ''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Boogie Woogie]]'' || rowspan=5 |Herself || rowspan=5 |Guest
|-
| ''No More Kamzor''
|-
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2015 || ''[[Thank You Maa]]''
|-
| ''[[Dance India Dance Super Moms]]''
|-
| ''Dance Singapore Dance''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/dance-singapore-tougher-to-win |title=Dance Singapore tougher to win |first=Gurveen |last=Kaur |date=24 August 2015 |work=The Straits Times}}</ref> || Judge ||
|-
| ''[[Dance Plus |Dance Plus 1]]'' || rowspan=4 |Mentor ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Dance Plus (season 2)|Dance Plus 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://danceplus2016.com/judges-hosts-contestants-dance-plus-2016/ |title=Judges, Hosts, Contestants : Dance Plus 2016 |work=Dance Plus 2016 |publisher=Danceplus2016.com |access-date=5 May 2016 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508122905/http://danceplus2016.com/judges-hosts-contestants-dance-plus-2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Dance Plus (season 3)|Dance Plus 3]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotstar.com/tv/dance-ek-level-up/14599 |title=Judges, Hosts, Contestants : Dance Plus 2017 |website=hotstar.com |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915125103/https://www.hotstar.com/tv/dance-ek-level-up/14599 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Dance Plus (season 4)|Dance Plus 4]]'' ||
|-
| ''Kitchen Champion 5''|| rowspan=3 |Herself || rowspan=3 |Guest
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 9|Nach Baliye 9]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[India's Best Dancer]]''
|-
| ''Dance With Me'' || Host ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021||''[[Dance Deewane|Dance Deewane 3]]''|| Herself || Guest
|-
| ''Dance With Me 2'' || Host ||
|-
|''[[Dance Plus (season 6)|Dance Plus 6]]''|| Mentor|| Winning Captain
|-
| 2022 || ''[[The Great Indian Murder]]'' || Herself || Special appearance in the song "Raskala"
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Dance Plus pro]]''|| Mentor|| Winning Captain
|-

| 2025 || ''[[Hip hop india season 2]]''|| herself || guest judge||

|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Singer
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''Kanha Re'' || [[Neeti Mohan]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |date=22 March 2018 |title=Neeti Mohan on collaborating with her sisters, Shakti and Mukti: Our collaboration is for life |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-neeti-mohan-on-collaborating-with-her-sisters-shakti-and-mukti-our-collaboration-is-for-life-2596253 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|--
|| ''Akh Lad Jaave Nritya Jam'' || [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Song - Akh Lad Jaave Nritya Jam Featuring Shakti Mohan & Poppin' John (Dance Cover) {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/loveyatri-song-akh-lad-jaave-nritya-jam-featuring-shakti-mohan-poppin-john-dance-cover/videoshow/67252808.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''Aakhri Baar'' || [[Palash Muchhal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Hindi Song 'Aakhri Baar' Sung By Palash Muchhal Featuring Parth Samthaan, Shakti Mohan And Pankaj Sharma {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-aakhri-baar-sung-by-palash-muchhal-featuring-parth-samthaan-shakti-mohan-and-pankaj-sharma/videoshow/71721977.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''The Chamiya Song''
|[[Dwayne Bravo|DJ Bravo]], [[Gaurav Dagaonkar]], [[Rimi Nique]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-28 |title=Dwayne Bravo teams up with Shakti Mohan for wedding song, The Chamiya Song |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/dwayne-bravo-teams-up-with-shakti-mohan-for-a-wedding-song-the-chamiya-song/story-vf83Q4k4KH1j5sLwXjdIlI.html |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''Saaton Janam'' || Ishaan Khan, Shambhavi Thakur
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch New Hindi Hit Song Music Video - 'Saaton Janam' Sung By Ishaan Khan and Shambhavi Thakur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-saaton-janam-sung-by-ishaan-khan-and-shambhavi-thakur/videoshow/83261541.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Mud Mud Ke]]'' || [[Tony Kakkar]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
|
|-
|| ''Chumma Chumma'' || [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aayush Sharma And Shakti Mohan Shake A Leg To New Chumma Chumma Song |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aayush-sharma-and-shakti-mohan-shake-a-leg-to-new-chumma-chumma-song-3243003 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
|''Daayein Baayein''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2023 |title=Shakti Mohan and Himansh Kohli's 'Daayein Baayein' sets Valentine's Day mood |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shakti-mohan-himansh-kohli-s-daayein-baayein-sets-valentine-s-day-mood-news-261946 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>
|-
|| ''Savariya'' || [[Neeti Mohan]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2023 |title=Mohan sisters - Shakti Mohan, Mukti Mohan and Neeti Mohan have released their latest track 'Savaria' that celebrates the spirit of Navratri. |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/neeti-mohan-calls-her-latest-song-savaria-a-musical-celebration-of-navaratri--news-323014
|access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of dancers]]
* [[Mukti Mohan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|3808442}}

{{Dance India Dance}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Shakti}}
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Reality dancing competition winners]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary dancers]]
[[Category:Women artists from Delhi]]
[[Category:1985 births]]

Go for Broke! (1951 film)

2026-02-20T00:56:42Z

MDPOliva97: quick update

{{Short description|1951 film by Robert Pirosh}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Go For Broke!
| image = Go For Broke poster 1951.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Robert Pirosh]]
| producer = [[Dore Schary]]
| writer = Robert Pirosh
| starring = [[Van Johnson]] [[Lane Nakano]] George Miki
| music = [[Alberto Colombo (composer)|Alberto Colombo]]
| cinematography = [[Paul C. Vogel]]
| editing = [[James E. Newcom]]
| distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| released = {{Film date|1951|5|9|Los Angeles|1951|5|24|New York|ref1=<ref name="latreview"/>|ref2=<ref name="nytreview"/>}}
| runtime = 92 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $1,337,000<ref name="Mannix">{{Citation | title = The Eddie Mannix Ledger | publisher = Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study | place = Los Angeles}}.</ref>
| gross = $3,337,000<ref name="Mannix"/>
}}
[[File:Go For Broke! (1951) by Robert Pirosh.webm|thumb|''Go for Broke!'']]
'''''Go For Broke!''''' is a 1951 [[black-and-white]] [[war film]] directed by [[Robert Pirosh]], produced by [[Dore Schary]] and starring [[Van Johnson]] and six veterans of the [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|442nd Infantry Regiment]]. The film stars Henry Nakamura, [[Warner Anderson]] and [[Don Haggerty]] in its large cast.

The film dramatizes the real-life story of the 442nd, which was composed of ''[[Nisei]]'' (second-generation Americans born of Japanese parents) soldiers. Its title reflects a phrase used by the ''Nisei'' that was largely unfamiliar to other Americans at the time of the film's release, although it has found common contemporary use in American English.<ref name="latreview">{{Cite news |last=Schallert |first=Edwin |date=1951-05-10 |title=Nisei Courage Receives Tribute in War Picture |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |page=8, Part II}}</ref>

==Plot==
In 1943 at [[Camp Shelby]], [[Mississippi]], newly commissioned Lt. Michael Grayson reports for duty to train the 442nd Infantry Regiment, a unit established on the mainland and composed of ''[[Nisei]]''. His expectation was to return to the [[U.S. 36th Infantry Division]], a [[Texas]] [[United States National Guard|National Guard]] unit, in which he had served as an enlisted soldier. He must command a group of people whom he sees as Japanese enemies rather than as Americans. Grayson runs his platoon in strict observance of [[Uniform Code of Military Justice|military regulations]].

Arriving in Italy, the unit is joined by the [[U.S. 100th Infantry Battalion|100th Battalion]], a ''Nisei'' unit assembled in Hawaii before the formation of 442nd. The troops of the 100th are seasoned veterans, and the new arrivals tap them for advice. On the march to the front lines, Grayson is left behind when fraternizing with a woman, but the colonel does not notice because his platoon has covered for Grayson during an inspection of their positions.

By the actions of the 442nd in Italy and France, Grayson finds reason to replace his bigotry with respect. Despite his objections, he is transferred to the 36th as a liaison when the 442nd is attached to the 36th. The ''Nisei'' learn that he has defended them against bigotry, even brawling with an old friend from the 36th who had insulted them.

The 36th is surrounded by the German army and the 442nd [[Lost Battalion (Europe, World War II)|rescues them]]. On their return home, the members of the 442nd are awarded the distinction of the eighth [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]].<ref>Takemoto, Kenneth.' (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dPjzzgXx4yMC&pg=PA120 ''Nisei memories: my parents talk about the war years'', p. 120.]</ref>

==Cast==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Van Johnson]] as Lt. Michael Grayson
* [[Lane Nakano]] as Sam<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/11/movies/11nakano.html "Lane Nakano, 80, a Soldier Turned Actor, Is Dead,"] ''New York Times.'' May 11, 2005.</ref>
* George Miki as Chick
* Akira Fukunaga as Frank<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=66841&category=User%20Reviews Akira Fukunaga, film credits]{{dead link|date=December 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Ken K. Okamoto as Kaz
* Henry Oyasato as Takashi Ohhara
* Harry Hamada as Masami<ref>[http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/17594 Harry Hamada, image of hula-dancing soldier]; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218054530/http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/17594 |date=December 18, 2009 }} [http://www.showbizdata.com/contacts/mobile/pcredits.cfm?name=Hamada,%20Harry film credits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070153/http://www.showbizdata.com/contacts/mobile/pcredits.cfm?name=Hamada,%20Harry |date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref>
* Henry Nakamura as Tommy Kamakura<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.videolala.com/actors/Henry_Nakamura |title=Henry Nakamura, film credits |access-date=May 5, 2010 |archive-date=July 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717200045/http://www.videolala.com/actors/Henry_Nakamura |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Warner Anderson]] as Col. Charles W. Pence
* [[Don Haggerty]] as Sgt. Wilson I. Culley
* [[Gianna Maria Canale]] as Rosina
* [[Dan Riss]] as Capt. Solari
* [[John Banner]] as a German officer
* [[Jerry Fujikawa]] as Communications Sergeant (uncredited)
* [[Richard Anderson]] as Lieutenant (uncredited)
* [[Hugh Beaumont]] as Chaplain (uncredited)
* [[Frank Wilcox]] as HQ General (uncredited)
* [[Mario Siletti]] as Italian Farmer (uncredited)
* [[Edward Earle]] as General at Dress Parade (uncredited)
* [[Ann Codee]] as Pianist (uncredited){{Div col end}}

Fukunaga, Hamada, Miki, Nakano, Okamoto and Oyasato were actual members of the 442nd Infantry Regiment.

== Production ==
During the European theater during [[World War II]], the 442nd Infantry Regiment became the most heavily decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]], as well as one of the units with the highest casualty rates.<ref name="sterner141">Sterner, C. Douglas. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=teeObc0NHUAC&pg=PA141 ''Go for Broke: The Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany,'' p. 141.]</ref>

As with his earlier film script for ''[[Battleground (film)|Battleground]]'', in which Van Johnson also starred, writer-director Robert Pirosh focused on the average squad member, mixing humor with pathos, while accurately detailing equipment and tactics used by American infantry in World War II.<ref name="nytreview">{{cite news |last=Crowther |first=Bosley |date=1951-05-25 |title=The Screen in Review |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=31}}</ref>

The film includes archive footage of General [[Mark Wayne Clark|Mark Clark]] and President [[Harry Truman]] presenting the unit citation.<ref name="sterner141" />

== Release ==
The film's gala world premiere was held at [[Grauman's Egyptian Theatre]] in Hollywood on May 9, 1951. Invitees included prominent film stars, military officials and civic and business leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=1951-05-08 |title=Invitations Go Out for Film |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |page=7, Part III}}</ref> Approximately 100 [[Purple Heart]] veterans of the 442nd attended, including the unit's [[Colour guard|color guard]]. Bleacher seats were erected for public viewing of the arrivals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1951-05-09 |title=Gala Film Event Due |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |page=9, Part III}}</ref> During a stage presentation preceding the showing of the film, a brigadier general presented Robert Pirosh with the Army Certificate of Achievement and producer Dory Schary was awarded a special citation by the ''Nisei''. Schary paid tribute to the mother of a [[Medal of Honor]] recipient who had been killed in action in Italy.<ref name="latreview" />

==Reception==
In a contemporary review for ''[[The New York Times]]'', critic [[Bosley Crowther]] called the film "a respectful and rousing tribute" and wrote:<blockquote>[T]his picture presents a forceful lesson in racial tolerance and friendliness. For here, without fuss or feathers or an over-expense of preachy words, is aptly revealed and demonstrated the loyalty and courage of a racial minority group, along with the normal human qualities or decency and humor inherent in these men. ... Although Mr. Pirosh's G. I.s are here "boodaheads," in the main, and are consequently prone to exhibit certain Nisei resentments and attitudes, they are fundamentally Americans ... And it is this quality in the picture—this accomplishment of sincerity and credibility in the Nisei soldiers, many of whom are actually played by veterans and heroes of the 442d—that deserves the highest praise. For in making his Nisei genuine people, with the characteristics of average young men—not fancified little tin heroes—Mr. Pirosh has simply achieved precisely the affection, the understanding and the tolerance for them that they deserve.<ref name="nytreview" /></blockquote>Critic Edwin Schallert of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote:<blockquote>Generally speaking the picture emphasizes good will and understanding, arrived at deviously and humanly, because or the contrasts symbolized by Johnson on the one hand and the men who serve under him. ... Sketchy in its values by comparison with "[[Battleground (film)|Battleground]]" is this new Metro-Schary-Pirosh war feature, yet it contains in a minor degree various elements that made the earlier production outstanding. It does not attempt spectacular battle scenes, but those that it centers on are well carried out. There are many vivid touches in the photography to endow what happens with reality. "Go for Broke!" is probably to be especially commended for highlighting an unusual phase of the Italian and French campaigns of World War II.<ref name="latreview" /></blockquote>According to MGM records, the film earned $2,531,000 in the U.S. and Canada<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1952-01-02 |title=The Top Box Office Hits of 1951 |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |volume=185 |issue=4}}</ref> and $806,000 overseas, resulting in a profit of $761,000.<ref name="Mannix" />

==Awards==
Robert Pirosh's screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121102120012/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/20019/Go-for-Broke-/details "''Go For Broke!'' (1951); Cast, Credits and Awards,"] ''New York Times'' online.</ref>

== Legacy ==
In 1979, the film entered the [[List of films in the public domain in the United States|public domain in the United States]] because MGM failed to renew its [[copyright registration]] in the 28th year after publication.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pierce |first=David |date=June 2007 |title=Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain |journal=Film History: An International Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=125–43 |doi=10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125 |issn=0892-2160 |jstor=25165419 |oclc=15122313 |s2cid=191633078}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Go for Broke Monument]]
* ''[[Only the Brave (2006 film)|Only the Brave]]''
* ''[[American Pastime (film)|American Pastime]]''

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

==Additional sources==
* Wu, Ellen D. (2014). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4Y6GAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 ''The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Invention of the Model Minority.''] [[Princeton University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780691168029}}, pp. 88ff.
* Barsam, Richard Meran. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=z7p36FdLYdIC ''Nonfiction Film : a Critical History.''] Bloomington, Indiana: [[Indiana University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-253-31124-5}}; {{ISBN|978-0-253-20706-7}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24107769 OCLC 24107769]
* Takemoto, Kenneth Kaname. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dPjzzgXx4yMC ''Nisei Memories: My Parents Talk About the War Years.''] Seattle: [[University of Washington Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-295-98585-5}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/260074492 OCLC 260074492]
* Sterner, C. Douglas. (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=teeObc0NHUAC ''Go For Broke : the Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany, Japan, and American Bigotry.''] Clearfield, Utah: American Legacy Historical Press. {{ISBN|978-0-9796896-1-1}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/141855086 OCLC 141855086]
* Yenne, Bill. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ok3JZw28xhEC ''Rising Sons: The Japanese American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II.''] New York: [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]. {{ISBN|978-0-312-35464-0}} [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/122261832 OCLC 122261832]
*Steidl, Franz. (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BvqYUYLt30kC&pg=PP1 "Lost Battalions: Going for Broke in the Vosges, Autumn 1944."] Novato, California: [[Presidio Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-89141-622-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-89141-727-9}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36170542 OCLC 36170542]

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0043590}}
* {{AFI film}}
* {{Internet Archive film|go_for_broke_ACM}}
* {{TCMDb title|76522}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:1951 war films]]
[[Category:Films about Japanese Americans]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]]
[[Category:Films about the Italian campaign (World War II)]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1951 English-language films]]
[[Category:Films about the internment of Japanese Americans]]
[[Category:Films directed by Robert Pirosh]]
[[Category:1951 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Films set in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Films set in Italy]]
[[Category:Films set in France]]
[[Category:American war films]]
[[Category:World War II films based on actual events]]
[[Category:1951 American films]]
[[Category:English-language war films]]

Ministry of Culture (India)

2026-02-12T11:24:34Z

MDPOliva97: improved article

{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Culture (India)
| nativename =
| seal = Government of India logo.svg
| seal_width = 100px
| seal_caption = Branch of Government of India
| logo_caption = Ministry of Culture
| formed =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters = C-wing [[Shastri Bhawan]] [[New Delhi]]
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|3399.65|c}} (2023-24 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1895562 | title=The annual outlay for Ministry of Culture in FY 2023-24 increased by 12.97% to Rs. 3,399.65 Crore }}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
| minister1_pfo = Cabinet Minister
| minister2_name = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister of State
| website = {{URL| http://www.indianculture.gov.in/ }}
| logo = Ministry of Culture India.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| chief1_name =
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
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}}
The '''Ministry of Culture''' is the [[Government of India|Indian government]] [[Ministry (government department)|ministry]] charged with preservation and promotion of [[Indian art|art]] and [[culture of India]].

[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]] is the current Minister of Culture. Recently the government has established the [[National Mission on Libraries India]] under this ministry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/nml/index.html|url-status= dead|title=About : NML|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101174109/http://indiaculture.nic.in/nml/index.html|archive-date=1 November 2012}}</ref>

==History==
The body now known as the Ministry of Culture was originally established as the Department of Culture in 1971.

For its first 14 years, it was administered as a department under the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (later the [[Ministry of Education and Culture]]).

In 1985, as part of a government-wide administrative re-organisation, the Department of Culture was moved and placed under the newly created [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] (HRD).

This arrangement continued until 1999, when the department was separated from the HRD Ministry and briefly merged with another portfolio to form the [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism and Culture]].

This combined ministry was bifurcated on 27 May 2006, leading to the creation of a standalone, cabinet-level Ministry of Culture and a separate [[Ministry of Tourism]]. Since 2006, the Ministry of Culture has functioned as an independent ministry within the [[Government of India]].

==Characteristics==
The restoration of ancient idols smuggled out of India comes under the Ministry of Culture.

As of 1 October 2021, the Government of India has recovered 211 idols.<ref name="pp">{{cite web | url=https://thefederal.com/news/in-7-years-modi-govt-brought-back-198-ancient-artefacts-from-abroad | title=In 7 years, Modi govt brought back 198 ancient artefacts from abroad | date=October 2021 }}</ref>
Till 2014 only 13 idols were recovered. 198 idols have been restored since 2014.

In June 2022, more than 10 idols were recovered and handed over to the Tamil Nadu Idol Rescue Unit. 228 idols have been recovered till 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1883396 | title=Year End Review 2022: Ministry of Culture }}</ref>

{{Bar chart
| title = Total no of recovered Artifacts <ref name="pp" />
| bar_width = 20
| float = vertical
| width_units = em
| label_type = [[Year]]
| label1 = 1976
| label2 = 1979
| label3 = 1986
| label4 = 1990
| label5 = 1991
| label6 = 1999
| label7 = 2000
| label8 = 2001
| label9 = 2013
| label10 = 2014
| label11 = 2015
| label12 = 2016
| label13 = 2017
| label14 = 2018
| label15 = 2019
| label16 = 2020
| label17 = 2021
| label18 = 2022

| data_type = Total No of Artifacts
| data_max = 300
| data1 = 1
| data2 = 1
| data3 = 3
| data4 = 1
| data5 = 2
| data6 = 2
| data7 = 1
| data8 = 1
| data9 = 1
| data10 = 2
| data11 = 3
| data12 = 14
| data13 = 9
| data14 = 2
| data15 = 2
| data16 = 8
| data17 = 158
| data18 = 30
}}

==Organisation==
*'''Attached offices'''
**[[Archaeological Survey of India]]
**Central Secretariat Library
**[[National Archives of India]]
*'''Subordinate offices'''
**[[Anthropological Survey of India]], [[Kolkata]]
**[[Central Reference Library]], [[Kolkata]]
**National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property, [[Lucknow]]
**[[National Gallery of Modern Art|National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi]]
**[[National Gallery of Modern Art#Mumbai|National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai]]
**[[National Gallery of Modern Art#Bangalore|National Gallery of Modern Art, Bengaluru]]
**[[National Library of India]], [[Kolkata]]
**[[National Museum, New Delhi]]
*'''Autonomous organisations'''
** [[National Mission for Manuscripts]], Delhi
** [[Allahabad Museum]], [[Prayagraj]]
**[[Asiatic Society]], [[Kolkata]]
**[[Central Institute of Buddhist Studies]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
**[[Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies]] (CIHTS)
**[[Centre for Cultural Resources and Training]], New Delhi
**[[Delhi Public Library]], Delhi
**[[Gandhi Smriti]] and Darshan Samiti, New Delhi
**[[Indian Museum]], [[Kolkata]]
**[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] (IGNCA), New Delhi
**[[Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya|Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manava Sangrahalaya]], [[Bhopal]]
**[[Kalakshetra|Kalakshetra Foundation]], Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai
**[[Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library]], [[Patna]]
**[[Lalit Kala Academy]], New Delhi
**[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies]] (MAKAIAS), [[Kolkata]]
**[[National Council of Science Museums]], Kolkata
**[[National Museum Institute of the History of Art, Conservation and Museology]] (NMIHACM), [[Delhi]]
**[[National School of Drama]], New Delhi
**[[Nava Nalanda Mahavihara]], [[Nalanda]], [[Bihar]]
**[[Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]], New Delhi ([[Teen Murti Bhavan]])
**Raja Ram Mohan Roy Library Foundation, [[Kolkata]], registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act, 1961<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rrrlf.gov.in/about_rrrlf.asp|title=About RRRLF|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911074213/http://www.rrrlf.gov.in/about_rrrlf.asp|archive-date=11 September 2013}}</ref>
**[[Raza Library]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]
**[[Sahitya Akademi]] (SA), New Delhi
**[[Salar Jung Museum]], [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]
**[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] (SNA), New Delhi
**[[Saraswathi Mahal Library]], [[Tanjore]]
**[[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial Hall]], [[Kolkata]]
*'''Zonal Cultural Centers (based on [[Cultural Zones of India]])'''
**{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080627190228/http://www.ezccindia.org/ Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre]}}, [[Kolkata]]
**[http://www.nczccindia.in/ North Central Zone Cultural Centre], [[Allahabad]]
**[[North East Zone Cultural Centre]]
**[[North Zone Cultural Centre]]
**[[South-Central Zone Culture Centre|South Central Zone Cultural Centre]], [[Nagpur]]
**[[South Zone Culture Centre]], [[Tanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
**[[West Zone Cultural Centre]]
*'''Public Sector Undertakings'''
**[[National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation]]

==List of ministers==


=== Cabinet Ministers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Prime Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:The Leader of Opposition, BThe Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, Shri Ananthkumar, in New Delhi on January 08, 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ananth Kumar]]''' {{small|(1959{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]}}
|{{small|13 October}} 1999
|{{small|1 September}} 2001
!{{ayd|1999|10|13|2001|9|1}}
|rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:#FFA551;"| '''[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]'''
|rowspan="3"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Maneka-Gandhi.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Maneka Gandhi]]''' {{small|(born 1956) MP for [[Pilibhit Lok Sabha constituency|Pilibhit]]}} (MoS, I/C)
|{{small|1 September}} 2001
|{{small|18 November}} 2001
!{{ayd|2001|9|1|2001|11|18}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Jagmohan.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Jagmohan]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2021) MP for [[New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|New Delhi]]}}
|{{small|18 November}} 2001
|{{small|22 May}} 2004
!{{ayd|2001|11|18|2004|5|22}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jaipal Sudini Reddy - Kolkata 2004-11-10 03212 Cropped.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Jaipal Reddy]]''' {{small|(1942{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Miryalguda Lok Sabha constituency|Miryalguda]]}}
|{{small|23 May}} 2004
|{{small|29 January}} 2006
!{{ayd|2004|5|23|2006|1|29}}
|rowspan="5"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|'''Manmohan I''']]
|rowspan="5"| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Ambika Soni.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ambika Soni]]''' {{small|(born 1942) MP for [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] (Rajya Sabha)}}
|{{small|29 January}} 2006
|{{small|22 May}} 2009
!{{ayd|2006|1|29|2009|5|22}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Manmohan Singh in 2009.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' {{small|(1932{{ndash}}2024) MP for [[Assam]] (Rajya Sabha)}} (Prime Minister)
|{{small|22 May}} 2009
|{{small|19 January}} 2011
!{{ayd|2009|5|22|2011|1|19}}
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|'''Manmohan II''']]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Kumari Selja.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Selja Kumari]]''' {{small|(born 1962) MP for [[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]]}}
|{{small|19 January}} 2011
|{{small|28 October}} 2012
!{{ayd|2011|1|19|2012|10|28}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Chandresh Kumari Katoch assuming office in 2012 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]]''' {{small|(born 1944) MP for [[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]}}
|{{small|28 October}} 2012
|{{small|26 May}} 2014
!{{ayd|2012|10|28|2014|5|26}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Shripad Yasso Naik - Kolkata 2014-10-12 7755.JPG|70px]]
|'''[[Shripad Naik]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency|North Goa]]}} (MoS, I/C)
|{{small|26 May}} 2014
|{{small|9 November}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|5|26|2014|11|9}}
|rowspan="5"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;"| '''[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]'''
|rowspan="5"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Mahesh Sharma January 2015.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Mahesh Sharma]]''' {{small|(born 1959) MP for [[Gautam Buddh Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]}} (MoS, I/C)
|{{small|9 November}} 2014
|{{small|30 May}} 2019
!{{ayd|2014|11|9|2019|5|30}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Prahlad Singh Patel.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Prahlad Singh Patel]]''' {{small|(born 1960) MP for [[Damoh Lok Sabha constituency|Damoh]]}} (MoS, I/C)
|{{small|31 May}} 2019
|{{small|7 July}} 2021
!{{ayd|2019|5|31|2021|7|7}}
|rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;"| '''[[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:G. Kishan Reddy in 2025.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[G. Kishan Reddy]]''' {{small|(born 1964) MP for [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]]}}
|{{small|7 July}} 2021
|{{small|11 June}} 2024
!{{ayd|2021|7|7}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gajendra Singh Shekhawat in June 2019 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]''' {{small|(born 1967) MP for [[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]}}
|{{small|11 June}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
! '''{{ayd|11 Jun 2024}}'''
|style="background:#FFA551;"| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

=== Ministers of State ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Prime Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}"|
|[[File:Kanti Singh in 2008 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Kanti Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1957) MP for [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]}}
|{{small|6 April}} 2008
|{{small|22 May}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|4|6|2009|5|22}}
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|'''Manmohan I''']]
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Arjun Ram Meghwal 2017 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]''' {{small|(born 1953) MP for [[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]]}}
|rowspan="2"| {{small|7 July}} 2021
|rowspan="2"| {{small|11 June}} 2024
!rowspan="2"|
{{ayd|2021|7|7|2024|6|11}}
|rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;"| '''[[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]'''
|rowspan="3"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Meenakshi Lekhi with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Meenakshi Lekhi]]''' {{small|(born 1967) MP for [[New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|New Delhi]]}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Rao Inderjit Singh taking over as Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Planning in May 2014 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1951) MP for [[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]}}
|{{small|11 June}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|6|11}}
|bgcolor="#FFA551"| [[Third Modi ministry|'''Modi III''']]
|}
==See also==
* [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ministry of Culture (India)}}
*[https://culture.gov.in/ Official website]
*[https://gyanbharatam.com/ Gyan Bharatam]

{{Union ministries of India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Culture (India)| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Culture]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Culture ministries|India]]

C. S. Chellappa

2026-02-06T06:11:41Z

MDPOliva97: minor edit

{{Short description|Tamil writer, journalist and Indian independence movement activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = C. S. Chellappa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Chinnamanur Subramaniam Chellappa
| birth_date = 29 September 1912
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|12|18|1912|9|29|df=y}}
| death_place =
| organization=
| known_for =
| occupation = Writer, journalist
}}
'''Cinnamanur Subramaniam Chellappa''' ({{langx|ta|சி. சு. செல்லப்பா}}) (29 September 1912 – 18 December 1998) was a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] writer, journalist and [[Indian independence movement]] activist.<ref name="Rediff1">{{cite news|title=He is old, hungry and poor, but believes spring cannot be far behind|url=http://www.rediff.com/freedom/04chella.htm|work=[[Rediff]]|accessdate=4 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|title=Short Stories Collection|url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2009/06/23/stories/2009062350781500.htm|date=23 June 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|last=Ashokamitran|accessdate=4 February 2010}}</ref> He belonged to the "Manikodi" literary movement along with [[Pudhumaipithan]], [[K. P. Rajagopalan|Ku Pa Ra]], Va. Ramasamy, [[N. Pichamoorthi]] and A. N. Sivaraman. He also founded ''Ezhuthu'', a [[literary magazine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/08/26/stories/0426401z.htm|title=Lone survivor looks back|last=Sundararajan|first=P. G|date=26 August 2001|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=4 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606110511/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/08/26/stories/0426401z.htm|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> His novel ''Suthanthira Thagam'' won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil |title=Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil writers |work=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |accessdate=4 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032426/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm |archivedate=24 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uyirmmai.com/contentdetails.aspx?cid=29|title=C. S. Chellappa|last=Ramakrishnan|first=S|work=Uyirmmai|accessdate=4 February 2010|language=Tamil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006205453/http://www.uyirmmai.com/contentdetails.aspx?cid=29|archive-date=6 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="thinnai1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thinnai.com/?module=displaystory&story_id=20903051&format=print|title=Little known Tamil scholars 4 - C. S. Chellappa|last=Narasimman|first=S|date=3 May 2009|work=Thinnai|accessdate=4 February 2010|language=Tamil}}</ref>

==Biography==
Chellappa was born in Batlagundu in the year1912 to Subramanian, a government employee and nationalist. Chellappa did his schooling in [[Tuticorin]] and obtained a degree in [[economics]]. However, he failed to obtain a degree in English literature.

In the early years of his life, Chellappa was influenced by [[Bhagat Singh]] but later he adopted [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s creed of non-violence. Chellappa participated in the [[Batlagundu]] satyagraha and was arrested on 10 January 1941. He spent six months in jail and on his return, established a paper manufacturing industry. Chellappa began writing in 1934 when he published his first story ''Margazhi Malar''.

By the time of his death in 1998, Chellappa had written over 109 short stories and 50 articles.<ref name="Rediff1"/><ref name="hindu1"/>

==Partial bibliography==

===Novels===
*''Vaadivasal'' (1958) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/in-chellappasarena/article5075458.ece|title=In Chellappa's arena|newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 August 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*''Jeevanamsam''
*''Suthanthira Thagam''

===Plays===
*''Muraipenn''

===Literary criticism===
*''Ramaiyyavin sirukathai kalam''
*''Oothupathi pul''
*''Mayathachan''

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Tamil}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chellappa, C. S.}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Aster DM Healthcare

2026-02-05T03:22:57Z

MDPOliva97: typo fix

{{Short description|Healthcare company in Gulf countries and India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Aster DM Healthcare Limited
| logo = Aster DM Healthcare Logo.svg
| logo_caption = Aster DM Healthcare
| image =
| image_caption =
| former_name = Dr. Moopen's Clinic
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|540975}} {{NSE|ASTERDM}}
| ISIN = INE914M01019
| industry = [[Healthcare]]
| founder = [[Azad Moopen]]
| location =
| location_city = [[Bengaluru]], India<ref>{{cite news |title=Aster DM shifts registered office from Kerala to Karnataka |url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=138448&sid=2 |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Pharmabiz}}</ref>
| location_country =
| area_served = Worldwide
| products = [[Hospitals]], [[Pharmacy]], [[Medical diagnosis|Diagnostic centre]]s
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|4138|c}} (FY25)<ref name="fy25">{{cite news |title=Aster DM Healthcare records PAT of ₹106 crore in Q4FY25 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/aster-dm-healthcare-records-pat-of-106-crore-in-q4-fy25/article69601731.ece |access-date= |work=The Hindu Businessline |date= |language=en}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRconvert|1565|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Aster DM Healthcare's Q4 PAT drops 24% to ₹171 crore |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/aster-dm-healthcares-q4-pat-drops-24-to-171-crore/article66896118.ece |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=The Hindu Businessline |date=26 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|5407|c}} (FY25)<ref name="fy25"/>
| assets = US$3.81 billion (2023)<ref name="assets">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/diversified/asterdmhealthcareltd/ADH |title=Financials }}</ref>
| equity =
| owner = Moopen family (41.88%)<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr Azad Moopen's family picks up 4% more stake in Aster DM Healthcare |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/dr-azad-moopens-family-buys-additional-4-stake-in-aster-dm-healthcare-10326581.html |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=Moneycontrol |date=28 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| num_employees = 32,400 (2022)<ref name="bwi">{{Cite web |title=Aster Labs Expanding Its Stronghold in India |url=https://www.businesswireindia.com/aster-labs-expanding-its-stronghold-in-india-77618.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.businesswireindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
| subsid = {{ubl|Aster Medcity|Aster Pharmacy|Aster Labs|Dr. Moopen's Medical College}}
| homepage = {{URL|asterdmhealthcare.in}}
}}
'''Aster DM Healthcare Limited''' is an Indian healthcare company founded by [[Azad Moopen]] in 1987. The company is registered in [[Bengaluru]], which became the headquarters for its India operations following the separation of its [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC) business in 2024. Aster operates a network of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and diagnostic centres across several Indian states.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Strategic Expansion and Merge Fuels Growth |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.docs//Aster%20DM%20-%20IC%20-%20HSIE-202506201055355322533.pdf?t=21062025120057057 |website=HDFC Sec}}</ref>

== History ==

Aster DM Healthcare was established by [[Azad Moopen]] in 1987 as a single-doctor clinic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=2019-12-21 |title=‘We’re adding one hospital in India every year’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/were-adding-one-hospital-in-india-every-year/article30368808.ece |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The organisation gradually expanded through hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, diagnostics, and training institutions.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |date=12 December 2013 |title=Aster Launches Access Clinic in Jafza |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-352688245.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115054523/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-352688245.html |archive-date=15 November 2018 |accessdate=19 June 2014 |newspaper=[[Khaleej Times]]}}</ref> Its formal presence in India began in 2001 with the [[Aster MIMS|Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences]] (MIMS) in [[Kozhikode|Kozhikode, Kerala]], which was later integrated into the Aster network.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-24 |title=Dr Azad Moopen to be presented Padma Shri |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/dr-azad-moopen-to-be-presented-padma-shri/ |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Aster DM Healthcare Ltd. |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/HSL_Pick%20of%20the%20week%20-%20Aster%20DM%20Healthcare%20281024%20Final%20Signed.pdf |website=HDFC Securities (research report)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2014 |title=Aster DM Healthcare to Start Helpdesks in Oman |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-367098294.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154826/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-367098294.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |accessdate=19 June 2014 |magazine=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

In 2014, the company opened Aster Medcity in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-28 |title=Aster DM sells stake in its Gulf business for $1.01 billion |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/aster-dm-sells-stake-in-its-gulf-business-for-1-01-billion/articleshow/105568929.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In 2016, it acquired Kavery Medical Institute in Bengaluru, redeveloping it as Aster CMI Hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-12 |title=IPO-bound Aster strikes deals for B'lore, Hyderabad foray |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ipo-bound-aster-strikes-deals-for-blore-hyderabad-foray/articleshow/42296911.cms |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The same year, it took over the DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=First batch of doctors graduates from Wayanad Medical College |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2019/Apr/05/first-batch-of-doctors-graduates-from-wayanad-medical-college-1960797.html |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and acquired a majority stake in Dr. Ramesh Hospitals in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aster DM Healthcare picking majority stake in PE-backed Ramesh Hospitals |url=https://www.vccircle.com/exclusive-aster-dm-healthcare-picking-majority-stake-pe-backed |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, Aster added Sangamitra Hospitals to its network<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-01 |title=Ramesh Hospitals acquires Ongole's Sanghamitra Hospital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/Apr/01/ramesh-hospitals-acquires-ongoles-sanghamitra-hospital-1795432.html |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and launched an initial public offering, with shares subsequently listed on Indian stock exchanges.<ref name=":12" />

New facilities established in the following years included Aster MIMS Kannur and Aster RV Hospital in Bengaluru in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varghese |first=Joseph |date=2019-12-25 |title=Aster India offers quality medical tourism for Qataris, residents |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/651637/aster-india-offers-quality-medical-tourism-for-qataris-residents |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Gulf Times |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, the company opened a hospital in Kottakkal focused on women and children, followed by Aster Whitefield in Bengaluru in 2023.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Neetu Chandra |date=2021-11-25 |title=‘Our India strategy involves focused clusters and new revenue streams’ {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/our-india-strategy-involves-focused-clusters-and-new-revenue-streams-11637782106976.html |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2023, Aster DM Healthcare announced a plan to separate its GCC and India businesses.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Aster DM Healthcare concludes separation of GCC & India businesses |url=https://mededgemea.com/aster-dm-healthcare-concludes-separation-of-gcc-and-india/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=MedEdge |language=en-US}}</ref> The demerger was approved in January 2024. In April 2024, a consortium led by Fajr Capital acquired a 65% stake in Aster GCC, while the Moopen family retained 35% and operational control. Within India, the Moopen family continued to hold a 41.88% stake in Aster DM Healthcare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chitranjan |date=2024-03-27 |title=Aster DM Healthcare shares fall 7% amid block deal |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/investing/aster-dm-healthcare-shares-fall-7-amid-block-deal/116257 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref> The company's subsidiary, Affinity Holdings, received {{USD}}907.6 million from the transaction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fajr Capital-led consortium completes investment in Aster GCC - Fajr Capital |url=https://fajrcapital.com/news/fajr-capital-led-consortium-completes-investment-in-aster-gcc/ |access-date=2025-11-15 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aster DM's deal to separate India and GCC businesses nears completion |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/aster-dm-s-deal-to-separate-india-and-gcc-businesses-nears-completion-124032100860_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-04 |title=Aster DM healthcare separates its GCC and India operations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/aster-dm-healthcare-separates-its-gcc-and-india-operations/articleshow/109043777.cms |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In November 2024, Aster announced a merger with Quality Care India Ltd. (QCIL),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-30 |title=Aster DM Healthcare, Quality Care India ink merger deal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/aster-dm-healthcare-quality-care-india-ink-merger-deal/articleshow/115826289.cms |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-30 |title=With 14,000 beds, we will become one of the largest healthcare providers in India, says Alish Moopen - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/pharma/story/with-14000-beds-we-will-become-one-of-the-largest-healthcare-providers-in-india-says-alish-moopen-455745-2024-11-30 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> to form Aster DM Quality Care Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-29 |title=Aster and quality care merge to create one of the top 3 hospital chains in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/aster-and-quality-care-merge-to-create-one-of-the-top-3-hospital-chains-in-india/articleshow/115816115.cms |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=2024-11-30 |title=‘Our goal is to become the finest healthcare institution in India’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/our-goal-is-to-become-the-finest-healthcare-institution-in-india/article68931383.ece |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2025, the company opened a 100-bed hospital in [[Sharjah]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sultan bin Ahmed Al Qasimi inaugurates Aster Hospital Sharjah |url=https://www.wam.ae/en/article/hszrfp0u-sultan-bin-ahmed-qasimi-inaugurates-aster-hospital |website=Emirates News Agency}}</ref> and a 264-bed Aster MIMS hospital in [[Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-02 |title=Aster DM Healthcare launches ₹190-crore multispecialty hospital in Kasaragod |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/aster-dm-healthcare-launches-195-crore-multispecialty-hospital-in-kasaragod/article70117772.ece |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It increased its stake in Dr. Ramesh Cardiac and Multispecialty Hospital Private Limited to 70.49%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-03 |title=Aster DM Healthcare acquires additional 13% stake in Aster Ramesh Hospitals |url=https://www.expresshealthcare.in/news/aster-dm-healthcare-acquires-additional-13-stake-in-aster-ramesh-hospitals/450496/ |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=Express Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Investors ==
In 2012, Olympus Capital Holdings Asia acquired a minority stake in Aster DM Healthcare for about {{USD}}100 million, becoming the company’s largest external investor.<ref>{{cite web |author=Joshi, Ashutosh |date=18 January 2012 |title=Olympus Capital Buys DM Healthcare Stake for $100 Million |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/dealjournalindia/2012/01/18/olympus-capital-buys-dm-healthcare-stake-for-100-million/ |accessdate=19 June 2014 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> In May 2014, Olympus invested an additional {{USD}}60 million.<ref>{{cite web |author=Cheung, Sonja |date=14 May 2014 |title=Asian Private Equity Fund Face Pressure to Invest Capital Hoard |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/privateequity/2014/05/14/asian-private-equity-fund-face-pressure-to-invest-capital-hoard/ |accessdate=19 June 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Olympus exited its investment in June 2024. Following the GCC–India separation, the Moopen family continues to hold 41.88% of the Indian business.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 April 2024 |title=Aster DM Healthcare concludes separation of India and GCC businesses |url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market-news/aster-dm-healthcare-concludes-separation-of-india-and-gcc-businesses-124040300562_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524102202/https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market-news/aster-dm-healthcare-concludes-separation-of-india-and-gcc-businesses-124040300562_1.html |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Pilla |first=Viswanath |date=2024-04-03 |title=Aster DM completes separation of Gulf business, plans to add 1,700 beds in India in next 3 years |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/aster-dm-completes-separation-of-gulf-business-plans-to-add-1700-beds-in-india-in-next-3-years/articleshow/109003741.cms |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Subsidiaries ==
[[File:Aster_MIMS_Kannur.jpg|thumb|[[Aster MIMS]] in [[Kannur]]]]
[[File:Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg|thumb|[[Aster Medcity]] in [[Kochi]]]]
Aster DM Healthcare operates through multiple subsidiaries and affiliates, including 9 subsidiaries, 67 step-down subsidiaries, and 4 associate companies. Notable operations include:

* '''Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala''': Opened in 2015, this hospital is located on a 40-acre campus in Kochi, Kerala. At present, it is a 1745 bed quaternary care healthcare centre in a 40-acre campus.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2014 |title=Medcity — A big relief for advanced stage patients |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/mobile/inside.asp?xfile=/data/international/2014/November/international_November202.xml&section=international |accessdate=4 July 2015 |publisher=Khaleej Times}}</ref>
* '''Aster Pharmacy''': Established in 1989, it operates a network of pharmacies across India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Aster Pharmacy bags the SKEA Awards for the second time |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/aster-pharmacy-bags-the-skea-awards-for-the-second-time |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Aster Labs:''' Formerly known as Aster Diagnostic Centre, this division provides diagnostic services and operates a laboratory in Bengaluru, along with 20 satellite laboratories and over 190 patient service centres across several Indian states. It offers a range of medical tests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outlook India Magazine Online- Read News India, Latest News Analysis, World, Sports, Entertainment {{!}} Best Online Magazine India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Dr. Moopen’s Medical College, Wayanad, Kerala:''' A medical college in Wayanad offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=3 April 2022 |title=Dr Moopen's College On Revamp Mode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/dr-moopens-college-on-revamp-mode/articleshow/90617206.cms |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=8 April 2012 |title=Medical college in Wayanad soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/medical-college-in-wayanad-soon/articleshow/12576098.cms |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Aster Health Academy''': An initiative for healthcare education and professional training.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aster Health Academy partners with national institutions, universities to offer advanced medical courses |url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/education/aster-health-academy-partners-with-national-institutions-universities-to-offer-advanced-medical-courses/113135594 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=ETHealthworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Community initiatives ==

=== Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award ===
The Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award (AGGNA) was established in 2022 to recognize nurses in areas such as patient care, leadership, education, community service, and healthcare innovation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Now, Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award ’23 in London - Healthcare Radius |url=https://www.healthcareradius.in/events/now-aster-guardians-global-nursing-award-23-in-london |access-date=2025-11-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> The first award was presented in Dubai in May 2022 to [[Anna Qabale Duba]] of [[Jomo Kenyatta|Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Kenyan fighting FGM crowned world's best nurse |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61435153 |access-date=2025-11-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The second edition took place in London in May 2023, with Margaret Helen Shepherd from the United Kingdom receiving the award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Helen Shepherd from the UK bags Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award 2023 |url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/margaret-helen-shepherd-from-the-uk-bags-aster-guardians-global-nursing-award-2023/100249840 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=ETHealthworld.com |language=en}}</ref> The third edition was held in Bengaluru in November 2024, with over 78,000 applicants from more than 200 countries. Winners are selected by an independent jury, with [[Ernst & Young|Ernst & Young LLP]] serving as the external evaluation partner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-01 |title=Aster DM Healthcare invites nominations for Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award-2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/aster-dm-healthcare-invites-nominations-for-aster-guardians-global-nursing-award-2024/article67369838.ece |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Health care provider]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.asterdmhealthcare.in}}

[[Category:Companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Health care companies of India]]
[[Category:Health care companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Hospital networks in India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh

2026-01-31T04:30:05Z

MDPOliva97: new initial post added tags

{{short description|Election for lower house of Indian Parliament}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{For|Legislative Assembly elections|2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
| previous_year = 2019
| election_date = 13 May 2024
| next_year = 2029
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
| seats_for_election = All 25 Andhra Pradesh seats to the [[Lok Sabha]]
| turnout = 81.78% ({{increase}} 2.04 [[Percentage point|pp]])
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh#Opinion polls

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}
| leader2 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| party2 = YSR Congress Party
| alliance2 = –
| last_election2 = 49.89%, 22 seats
| seats_before2 = 
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri N. Chandrababu Naidu calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on January 12, 2018 (2) (cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}
| leader1 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| party1 = Telugu Desam Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election1 = 40.19%, 3 seats
| seats_before1 = 
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Andhra Pradesh Result Map.svg|300px]] | Partywise result map of the 2024 general election in Andhra Pradesh | [[File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha election alliance wise results.svg|300px]] | Alliance-wise result map of the 2024 general election in Andhra Pradesh}}
| seats2 = 4
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 18
| seats1 = '''16'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 13
| popular_vote1 = 12,569,179
| popular_vote2 = '''13,174,874'''
| percentage1 = 37.79%
| percentage2 = '''39.61%'''
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Minister of State for Commerce & Industry, Dr. (Smt.) D. Purandeswari addressing at the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), in New Delhi on May 02, 2013.jpg|bSize=160|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}
| party4 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader4 = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| alliance4 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election4 = 0.98%, 0 seats
| seats4 = 3
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 3
| popular_vote4 = 3,750,687
| percentage4 = 11.28%
| leader5 = [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| party5 = Janasena Party
| seats5 = 2
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 2
| last_election5 = 5.87%, 0 seats
| popular_vote5 = 1,454,138
| percentage5 = 4.30%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 10.30 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 1.57 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 2.40 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 10.28 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| alliance5 = National Democratic Alliance
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Konidela Pawan Kalyan.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 13 May 2024 to elect 25 members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bipolar-andhra-pradesh-pushes-bjp-closer-to-tdp-jana-sena/articleshow/100884290.cms |title=Bipolar Andhra Pradesh pushes BJP closer to TDP & Jana Sena |access-date=2023-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bizzbuzz.news/politics/2024-lok-sabha-elections-bjp-eyes-bigger-share-in-south-1210549 |title=2024 Lok Sabha elections: BJP eyes bigger share in south |access-date=2023-06-22}}</ref> [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Legislative assembly elections]] to be held simultaneously with the general election.

== Election schedule ==
[[File:2024 Election advertisements by Election Commission in Darsi.jpg|thumb|2024 election outdoor advertisements by Election Commission in Darsi]]
On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the 2024 Indian general election, with Andhra Pradesh scheduled to vote during the fourth phase on 13 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Elections, 2024 schedule in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-andhra.html}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2 | Poll event<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Elections, 2024 in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-andhra.html}}</ref>
! Phase
|-
| bgcolor=#E9967A | IV
|-
! Notification date
| 18 April
|-
! Last date for filing nomination
| 25 April
|-
! Scrutiny of nomination
| 26 April
|-
! Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
| 29 April
|-
! Date of poll
| '''13 May'''
|-
! Date of counting of votes/Result
| '''4 June'''
|-
! '''''No. of constituencies'''''
| 25
|}

== Parties and alliances ==

=== YSR Congress Party ===

{{legend2|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}|[[YSR Congress Party]]}}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party]]
||[[File:Blank.svg|50x50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|50px]]
| [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]
| 25
|}

=== National Democratic Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}{{br}}
[[File:2024 NDA Alliance Lok Sabha Seat Sharing Andhra Pradesh.svg|350px]]
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| [[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-06-11 |title=TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu unanimously elected by the NDA as Andhra Pradesh’s Leader of the House |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nda-unanimously-elects-chandrababu-naidu-leader-of-the-house-chief-minister/article68276248.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| 17
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2023-07-04 |title=Daggubati Purandeswari appointed as new BJP Andhra Pradesh unit president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/daggubati-purandeswari-appointed-as-new-bjp-andhra-pradesh-unit-president/article67040679.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| 6
|-
| {{party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party]]
| [[File:Janasena Party Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol glass tumbler.svg|50px]]
| [[Pawan Kalyan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Pawan Kalyan is Andhra Pradesh Deputy CM, key portfolios for the 3 women ministers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pawan-kalyan-andhra-pradesh-deputy-cm-9392495/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| 2
|-
!
! colspan=4 | '''Total'''
! 25
|}

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| [[Y. S. Sharmila]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress |url=https://inc.in/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title=Y S Sharmila appointed new Congress president of Andhra Pradesh unit |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/y-s-sharmila-new-congress-president-andhra-pradesh-unit-9111547/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| 23
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPIM election symbol.png|50px]]
| [[V. Srinivasa Rao]]
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[K. Ramakrishna]]
| 1
|-
!
! colspan="4" | '''Total'''
! 25
|}

== Candidates ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
|-
! 1
| [[Araku Lok Sabha constituency|Araku]] (ST)
| rowspan="25" {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Gumma Thanuja Rani]]
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| [[Kothapalli Geetha]]
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| Appala Narsa
|-
! 2
| [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Perada Tilak
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]
| rowspan="11" {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Pedada Parameswara Rao
|-
! 3
| [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Kalisetti Appala Naidu
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Bobbili Srinu
|-
! 4
| [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Mathukumilli Bharat]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Pulusu Satyanarayana Reddy
|-
! 5
| [[Anakapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalli]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Budi Mutyala Naidu]]
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| [[C. M. Ramesh]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Vegi Venkatesh
|-
! 6
| [[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Chalamalasetti Sunil
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| Tangella Uday Srinivas
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
|-
! 7
| [[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram]] (SC)
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Ganti Harish Madhur
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Janga Goutham
|-
! 8
| [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Guduri Srinivas
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Gidugu Rudra Raju]]
|-
! 9
| [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Guduri Umabala
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| Srinivas Verma
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Korlapati Brahmananda Rao Naidu
|-
! 10
| [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Karumuri Sunil Kumar
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Putta Mahesh Kumar]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Lavanya Kumari
|-
! 11
| [[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| Simhadri Chandrasekhar Rao
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| [[Vallabhaneni Balashowry]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Gollu Krishna
|-
! 12
| [[Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency|Vijayawada]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Kesineni Srinivas]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Kesineni Chinni|Kesineni Sivanath]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Valluru Bhargav
|-
! 13
| [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Kilari Venkata Rosaiah]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani]]
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| Jangala Ajay Kumar
|-
! 14
| [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Anil Kumar Poluboina|Poluboina Anilkumar Yadav]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]
| rowspan="12" {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Garnepudi Alexander Sudhakar
|-
! 15
| [[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla]] (SC)
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Nandigam Suresh]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Tenneti Krishna Prasad
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Jesudasu Seelam]]
|-
! 16
| [[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Eda Sudhakara Reddy
|-
! 17
| [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Pocha Brahmananda Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Byreddy Sabari
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Jangiti Lakshmi Narasimha Yadav
|-
! 18
| [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnoolu]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| B. Y. Ramaiah
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Panchalingala Nagaraju
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| P. G. Ram Pullaiah Yadav
|-
! 19
| [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Malagundla Sankaranarayana]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Ambika Lakshminarayana
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Mallikarjun Vajjala
|-
! 20
| [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[J. Shantha]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[B. K. Parthasarathi]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| B. A. Samad Shaheen
|-
! 21
| [[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Kadapa]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Y. S. Avinash Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Chadipiralla Bhupesh Reddy
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Y. S. Sharmila]]
|-
! 22
| [[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[V. Vijaysai Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Koppula Raju
|-
! 23
| [[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati]] (SC)
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[Maddila Gurumoorthy]]
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| [[Velagapalli Varaprasad Rao]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Chinta Mohan]]
|-
! 24
| [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|BJP}}
| [[BJP]]
| [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| S K Basheed
|-
! 25
| [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor]] (SC)
| [[YSR Congress Party|YCP]]
| [[N. Reddeppa]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| Daggumalla Prasada Rao
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| M Jagapathi
|}

== Campaign ==

[[File:2024 Election - Street campaign through song and dance by TDP in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.webm|thumb|2024 Election – Street campaign through song and dance by NDA in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]
According to an analysis, [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014#Special category status|special category status]] for state, [[2019–2024 Amaravati protests|capital issue]], [[Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy#Murder of Vivekananda Reddy|Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy's murder]], attack on [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Apparasu |first=Srinivasa Rao |title=4 yrs after arrest, man accused of attacking Jagan awaits trial |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-yrs-after-arrest-man-accused-of-attacking-jagan-awaits-trial-101657739034135.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 July 2022 |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327050923/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-yrs-after-arrest-man-accused-of-attacking-jagan-awaits-trial-101657739034135.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[N. Chandrababu Naidu#Corruption allegations and arrest|cases against N. Chandrababu Naidu]] are the key issues.<ref>{{Cite news |last=V |first=Raghavendra |date=25 March 2024 |title=Analysis - Five issues likely to cast a major impact on fortunes of YSRCP and NDA partners in Lok Sabha elections in A.P. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/analysis-five-issues-likely-to-cast-a-major-impact-on-fortunes-of-ysrcp-and-nda-partners-in-lok-sabha-elections-in-ap/article67990258.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=26 March 2024 |archive-date=26 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326052437/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/analysis-five-issues-likely-to-cast-a-major-impact-on-fortunes-of-ysrcp-and-nda-partners-in-lok-sabha-elections-in-ap/article67990258.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Candidates are campaigning by interacting with common people and taking part in their work such as making tea, ironing clothes and weighing vegetables.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Poll-eve theatrics on full swing in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/poll-eve-theatrics-on-full-swing-in-andhra-pradesh/article68106378.ece |date=2024-04-25 |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Movies and songs to promote own political party denigrate other party leaders have become common by main parties in the state. The use of social media to amplify the reach of such content to the voter has become a core strategy of parties.<ref>{{Cite news |title=AP elections witness fusion of politics, music and movies |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/ap-elections-witness-fusion-of-politics-music-and-movies-885905 |date=2024-04-20 |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== Surveys and polls ==

=== Opinion polls ===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Andhra Pradesh (25)}}

=== Exit polls ===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Andhra Pradesh}}

== Voter turnout ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! Poll date
! Turnout
! Swing
|-
! 1
| [[Araku Lok Sabha constituency|Araku (ST)]]
| rowspan="25" bgcolor=#E9967A | 13 May 2024
| 73.68%
| {{increase}} 2.53
|-
! 2
| [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
| 74.43%
| {{decrease}} 0.05
|-
! 3
| [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| 81.05%
| {{decrease}} 0.23
|-
! 4
| [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
| 71.11%
| {{increase}} 3.33
|-
! 5
| [[Anakapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalli]]
| 82.03%
| {{increase}} 0.49
|-
! 6
| [[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
| 80.30%
| {{increase}} 1.22
|-
! 7
| [[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram (SC)]]
| 83.85%
| {{decrease}} 0.79
|-
! 8
| [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| 80.93%
| {{decrease}} 0.57
|-
! 9
| [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
| 82.59%
| {{increase}} 0.69
|-
! 10
| [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
| 83.68%
| {{increase}} 0.15
|-
! 11
| [[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
| 84.05%
| {{decrease}} 0.49
|-
! 12
| [[Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency|Vijayawada]]
| 79.37%
| {{increase}} 2.07
|-
! 13
| [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
| 78.81%
| {{decrease}} 0.40
|-
! 14
| [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
| 85.65%
| {{decrease}} 0.60
|-
! 15
| [[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla (SC)]]
| 85.48%
| {{decrease}} 0.99
|-
! 16
| [[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
| 87.06%
| {{increase}} 0.71
|-
! 17
| [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]
| 80.61%
| {{decrease}} 0.46
|-
! 18
| [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]
| 76.80%
| {{increase}} 1.11
|-
! 19
| [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
| 80.51%
| {{decrease}} 0.50
|-
! 20
| [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
| 84.70%
| {{decrease}} 0.21
|-
! 21
| [[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Kadapa]]
| 79.57%
| {{increase}} 0.89
|-
! 22
| [[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore]]
| 79.05%
| {{increase}} 1.99
|-
! 23
| [[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati (SC)]]
| 79.10%
| {{decrease}} 0.66
|-
! 24
| [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
| 79.09%
| {{decrease}} 0.17
|-
! 25
| [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor (SC)]]
| 85.77%
| {{increase}} 1.53
|}

== Results ==

=== Results by alliance or party ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="4"style="background:#fef3e8" | [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 1,25,69,179
| 37.79
| {{decrease}} 2.40
| 17
| 16
| {{increase}} 13
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 37,50,687
| 11.28
| {{increase}} 10.30
| 6
| 3
| {{increase}} 3
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| 14,54,138
| 4.30
| {{decrease}} 1.57
| 2
| 2
| {{increase}} 2
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8" | Total
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 1,77,74,004
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 53.37
| style="background:#fef3e8" | {{increase}} 6.33
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 25
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 21
| style="background:#fef3e8" | {{increase}} 18
|-
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| colspan="3" | [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 1,31,74,874
| 39.61
| {{decrease}} 10.28
| 25
| 4
| {{decrease}} 18
|-
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
! rowspan="4"style="background:#E5F8FF" | [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 8,86,165
| 2.66
| {{increase}} 1.35
| 23
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| 1,19,016
| 0.36
| {{increase}} 0.24
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| 8,317
| 0.03
| {{decrease}} 0.06
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF" | Total
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 10,13,498
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 3.05
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{increase}} 1.53
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 25
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 0
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | [[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh#Others|Others]]
|
|
|
| 141
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|
|
|
| 199
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| bgcolor="Black" |
| colspan="3" | [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
| 398,777
| 1.20
| {{decrease}} 0.30
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
!
! 100%
! -
! 454
! 25
! -
|}

=== Results by constituency ===
Source:<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Results: Full list of winners on all 25 seats of Andhra Pradesh">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=2024 Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Results: Full list of winners on all 25 seats of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/2024-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-results-full-list-of-winners-on-all-25-seats-of-andhra-pradesh-9365668/ |access-date=5 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Constituency
! rowspan="2" | Turnout
! colspan="5" | Winner
! colspan="5" | Runner-up
! colspan="2" | Margin
|-
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! Votes
! %
|-
! 1
| [[Araku Lok Sabha constituency|Araku (ST)]]
| 74.87 {{increase}}
| [[Gumma Thanuja Rani]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,77,005
| 40.96
| [[Kothapalli Geetha]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 4,26,425
| 36.62
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 50,580
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 4.34
|-
! 2
| [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
| 75.37 {{increase}}
| [[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,54,328
| 61.05
| Perada Tilak
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,26,427
| 34.51
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 3,27,901
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 26.54
|-
! 3
| [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| 82.19 {{increase}}
| [[Appalanaidu Kalisetti|Appala Naidu Kalisetti]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,43,113
| 57.20
| [[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,93,762
| 38.00
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 2,49,351
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 19.20
|-
! 4
| [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
| 72.03 {{increase}}
| [[Mathukumilli Bharat]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 9,07,467
| 65.42
| [[Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,03,220
| 29.07
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 5,04,247
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 36.35
|-
! 5
| [[Anakapalle Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalle]]
| 82.97 {{increase}}
| [[C. M. Ramesh]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 7,62,069
| 57.50
| [[Budi Mutyala Naidu]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,65,539
| 35.13
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 2,96,530
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 22.37
|-
! 6
| [[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
| 81.43 {{increase}}
| [[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| 7,29,699
| 54.87
| Chalamalasetti Sunil
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,00,208
| 37.62
| style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;" | 2,29,491
| style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;" | 17.25
|-
! 7
| [[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram (SC)]]
| 84.97 {{increase}}
| [[Ganti Harish Madhur]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,96,981
| 61.25
| [[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,54,785
| 34.95
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 3,42,196
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 26.30
|-
! 8
| [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| 81.85 {{increase}}
| [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 7,26,515
| 54.82
| Guduri Srinivas
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,87,376
| 36.77
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 2,39,139
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 18.05
|-
! 9
| [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
| 83.63 {{increase}}
| [[Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 7,07,343
| 57.46
| Guduri Umabala
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 4,30,541
| 34.98
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 2,76,802
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 22.48
|-
! 10
| [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
| 84.73 {{increase}}
| [[Putta Mahesh Kumar]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,46,351
| 54.00
| Karumuri Sunilkumar Yadav
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,64,494
| 40.84
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,81,857
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 13.16
|-
! 11
| [[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
| 85.42 {{increase}}
| [[Vallabhaneni Balashowry]]
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| 7,24,439
| 55.22
| Simhadri Chandrasekhar Rao
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,01,260
| 38.21
| style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;" | 2,23,179
| style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;" | 17.01
|-
! 12
| [[Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency|Vijayawada]]
| 80.44 {{increase}}
| [[Kesineni Sivanath]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,94,154
| 58.21
| [[Kesineni Srinivas]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,12,069
| 37.53
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 2,82,085
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 20.68
|-
! 13
| [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
| 80.16 {{increase}}
| [[Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 8,64,948
| 60.68
| [[Kilari Venkata Rosaiah]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,20253
| 36.50
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 3,44,695
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 24.18
|-
! 14
| [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
| 86.68 {{increase}}
| [[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 8,07,996
| 53.88
| [[Anil Kumar Poluboina|Poluboina Anilkumar Yadav]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 6,48,267
| 43.23
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,59,729
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 10.65
|-
! 15
| [[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla (SC)]]
| 86.57 {{increase}}
| [[Krishna Prasad Tenneti]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,17,493
| 55.16
| [[Nandigam Suresh]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,09,462
| 39.17
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 2,08,031
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 15.99
|-
! 16
| [[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
| 88.32 {{increase}}
| [[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,01,894
| 49.35
| [[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 6,51,695
| 45.82
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 50,199
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 3.53
|-
! 17
| [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]
| 81.82 {{increase}}
| [[Byreddy Shabari]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,01,131
| 49.92
| [[Pocha Brahmananda Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,89,156
| 41.95
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,11,975
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7.97
|-
! 18
| [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]
| 77.69 {{increase}}
| [[Bastipati Nagaraju Panchalingala]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 6,58,914
| 49.51
| B. Y. Ramaiah
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,47,616
| 41.15
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,11,298
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 8.36
|-
! 19
| [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
| 81.70 {{increase}}
| [[Ambica G Lakshminarayana Valmiki|Ambika G. L Valmiki]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,68,245
| 53.33
| [[Malagundla Sankaranarayana]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,79,690
| 40.24
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,88,555
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 13.09
|-
! 20
| [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
| 85.91 {{increase}}
| [[B. K. Parthasarathi]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,25,534
| 51.23
| [[J. Shantha]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,93,107
| 41.88
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 1,32,427
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 9.35
|-
! 21
| [[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Kadapa]]
| 80.89 {{increase}}
| [[Y. S. Avinash Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 6,05,143
| 45.78
| Chadipiralla Bhupesh Reddy
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 5,42,448
| 41.03
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 62,695
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 4.75
|-
! 22
| [[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore]]
| 80.49 {{increase}}
| [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,66,202
| 55.70
| [[V. Vijaysai Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,20,300
| 37.82
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 2,45,902
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 17.88
|-
! 23
| [[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati (SC)]]
| 80.19 {{increase}}
| [[Maddila Gurumoorthy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 6,32,228
| 45.73
| [[Velagapalli Varaprasad Rao]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 6,17,659
| 44.67
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 14,569
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 1.06
|-
! 24
| [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
| 80.24 {{increase}}
| [[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 6,44,844
| 48.38
| [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 5,68,773
| 42.67
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 76,071
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 5.71
|-
! 25
| [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor (SC)]]
| 86.76 {{increase}}
| [[Daggumalla Prasada Rao]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 7,78,071
| 54.84
| [[N. Reddeppa]]
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 5,57,592
| 39.30
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 2,20,479
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 15.54
|}

== Assembly segments-wise lead of parties ==
[[File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Assembly Wise Lead Map.svg|2024 Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Assembly Wise Lead Map|thumb|250px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=4 | Party
! Assembly segments
! Current Position in the Assembly
|-
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="4"style="background:#fef3e8" | [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
! [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 113
| 135
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 29
| 8
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janasena Party}}"|
! [[Janasena Party|JSP]]
| 14
| 21
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8" | Total
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 156
| style="background:#fef3e8" | 164
|-
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
! colspan=3 | [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| 19
| 11
|-
! colspan=4 | Total
! colspan=2 | 175
|}

== See also ==
* [[2024 Indian general election in Puducherry]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Bihar]]

== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

{{2024 Indian general election}}
{{Andhra Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2020s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:May 2024 in India|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Andhra Pradesh]]

Kala Chauna

2026-01-22T17:38:50Z

MDPOliva97: new new entry

{{Orphan|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kala Chauna
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = [[File:NB CHN 1983B.jpg|frameless|center]]
| image_caption = Kala Chauna in 1983
| website = {{URL|almora.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kala Chauna''' is a village of Talla Gewar. It is located in Chaukhutiya block of [[Almora]] district in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]].

This village is an historical village populated by Kumaoni Hindu Rajputs, known by their surname as Kanonia Bisht. It is recognized for the Kumanoni civilization and culture, hilly life style, natural environment, views and flat-fertile land.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.villagemaps.in/uttarakhand/kala-chauna-chaukhutiya-almora-051871/|title=The Kala Chauna village is located in the state Uttarakhand having the village code 051871.|publisher=Village Maps, Indian Village Map Directory|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/51871-kala-chauna-uttarakhand.html|title=Kala Chauna village has higher literacy rate compared to Uttarakhand. In 2011|publisher=.census2011.co.in|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref>

==History==
Kala Chauna is of the five villages in Talla Gewar founded by Maledev Kanauniya who was one of the Katyurivansh's emperors. This village belonged to his third son Kaldev. Kaldev called the village Kala Kanauniya.

==Geography==
Kala Chaun is situated near the eastern bank of [[Ramganga River]] in the Talla Gewar valley of the southern Himalaya.

==Culture==
The culture of the village is [[Kumaoni people#Culture|Kumaoni]].

One of the historical Somanath Mela belongs to Kanauniya (resident of Kanauni, Dang, Kala Chauna and Adigram Kanauniya) and Masiwal (resident of Masi village).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livehindustan.com/news/almora/article1-Shows-of-cultural-programs-at-Somnath-Mela-822296.html|title=सोमनाथ मेले में सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों की धूम|publisher=The Hindustan Times, Hindi edition|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/almora/somnath-mela-of-masi|title=मासी का सोमनाथ मेला|publisher=Amar Ujala, Hindi edition|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> This fair starts in the first or second week of May from Somnatheshwar Mahadev near the left bank of the Ramganga. The fairs theme is the history of Kanauniya and Masiwal and the culture of Kumaon, The art of Kumaon and programmes of Pali Pachhaon range are offered. Kanauniya's (Vanshaj) attend from [[Salt Range|Salt range]] and repeat their ancient historical practices.

==Transport==
The nearest airport is in Pant Nagar, about 175–200 km away.

The railway station of [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]] is about 115 km. and [[Kathgodam railway station|Kathgodam]] is located at about 161 km away.

Kala Chauna is served by Uttarakhand Roadways buses from Delhi and by various bus centres in the southern region of Uttarakhand..

==Educational institutions==

* Government Primary School, Mehodhar, Kala Chauna: Hindi and English medium 1st to 5th class.
* Govt. Intermediate College, Masi: Hindi and English medium 6th to 12th class.
* Govt. Girls Intermediate College, Kanauni: Hindi and English medium 6th to 12th class.
* Govt. Degree College, Masi: Hindi and English medium B.A., B.(Com.), B. (Sc.), M.A., M.(Com.), M.(Sc.)
* Sarashwati Shishu Mandir, Masi: Hindi and English medium nursery to 8th class.
* Sher Singh Heet Bisht Memorial School, Masi: Hindi and English medium 6th to
* Ramganga Valley Public School, Masi
* Industrial Training Institute, Masi

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Kumaon}}

[[Category:Villages in Almora district]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Uttarakhand]]

Ayush Mehra

2026-01-21T08:31:19Z

MDPOliva97: stub

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ayush Mehra
| image = Ayush Mehra snapped at The Hollywood Reporter India event 2025 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mehra in 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|11|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|host}}
| partner = Aashna Vijay<ref name="AA" />
| parents =
| known for =
| yearsactive = 2010–present
}}

'''Ayush Mehra''' (born, 7 November 1991), is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films and web shows. He made his debut in the film ''[[Isi Life Mein...!]]'' (2010) and his television debut in ''Love By Chance'' (2014). He made his web debut with ''Mom and Co'' and hosted ''[[Myntra|Myntra Fashion Superstar]]'', both in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title='We only focus on small things, not the bigger aspects of life': Ayush Mehra - Exclusive|work=Indian Express|date=23 March 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-positive/ayush-mehra-life-positive-motivational-7225779/lite/|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>

Mehra went onto establish himself with successful web shows including ''Minus One'', ''Please Find Attached'' and ''[[Operation MBBS]]'' and the television show ''[[Bindass|Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Call My Agent: Bollywood's actor Ayush Mehra: I've no shame in being called a web actor|work=Hindustan Times|date=16 December 2021 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/ive-no-shame-in-being-called-a-web-actor-ayush-mehra-101639644645123-amp.html|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Since 2006, Mehra is in a relationship with Aashna Vijay.<ref name="AA">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=In Bed With Ayush Mehra: "My girlfriend proposed to me online!" |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/in-bed-with-ayush-mehra-my-girlfriend-proposed-to-me-online-101659105341423.html |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Debut and early career (2010-2018) ===
Mehra made his acting debut in 2010 with the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film ''[[Isi Life Mein...!]]'' portraying Sunil. He then portrayed Raj in the 2012 Hindi film ''[[Bittoo Boss]]''.

He made his television debut in 2014 with ''Love By Chance'' portraying Dhruv opposite [[Shivangi Joshi]]. In 2015, he appeared in the final episode of the show, portraying Onil Chakravarty opposite [[Priya Chauhan]].

In 2015 and 2016, he portrayed Aditya and Aarav in ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' respectively, both opposite Shrishti Ganguly Rindani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bindass.com - Yeh Hai Aashiqui Siyappa Ishq Ka (Season 2), Hosted By Rithvik Dhanjani|url=http://www.bindass.com/shows/yeh-hai-aashiqui/2 |publisher=Bindass.com|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> The same year, he portrayed Rishabh Bhalla in his first fiction show ''[[Bindass|Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bindass.com/web-exclusive/life-lafde-aur-bandiyan/|title=Bindass.com - WATCH! Ayush Mehra's 'Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan' (Bindass Original)|website=www.bindass.com}}</ref>

=== Breakthrough and success (2019-2021) ===
The year 2019 proved as a major turning point in his career. He first worked as an assistant director in ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''. He then made his web debut with ''Mom and Co'' portraying Aditya Joshi alongside [[Neelima Azeem]].

Mehra appeared in other web shows the same year including, ''Love On The Rocks'' portraying Nikhil and ''When You Meet Your Ex'' portraying Karan opposite Shreya Gupto. He also hosted ''Myntra Fashion Superstar''.

Since 2019, Mehra is seen portraying Varun in ''[[Minus One (TV series)|Minus One]]'' opposite [[Aisha Ahmed]] and is seen portraying Shaurya Singh in ''Please Find Attached'' opposite [[Barkha Singh]].

In 2020, he portrayed Dhruv Singh in the short film ''Phone Call''. From 2020 to 2021, he portrayed Nishant Singh in ''Operation MBBS'' alongside Anshul Chauhan and Sarah Hashmi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Pandemic Made Us Realise the Value of Doctors: Operation MBBS's Ayush Mehra|work=News18|date=18 March 2021 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/global-pandemic-made-us-realise-the-value-of-doctors-says-ayush-mehra-3547346.html|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, he appeared in ''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]'' portraying Mehershad. He was also seen in ''Life Love Siyaapa'' portraying Rishab opposite Shanice Shrestha.

=== Recent work (2022-present) ===
In 2022, Mehra portrayed Akash in the reel series ''How To Fall In Love'' opposite [[Tanya Maniktala]]. He then portrayed Pranav in the short film ''Recommended For You.''

Mehra will next make his film debut with ''[[Kacchey Limbu]]'' opposite [[Radhika Madan]]. The film premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival|47th Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kacchey Limbu at TIFF |url=https://tiff.net/events/kacchey-limbu |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 29 July 2022|title=Kacchey Limbu officially selected at the 47th Toronto International Film Festival |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kacchey-limbu-officially-selected-47th-toronto-international-film-festival/ |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>

He will also appear in the second season of ''Minus One''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cameras start rolling for Ayush Mehra and Aisha Ahmed's 'Minus One' season 2|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/cameras-start-rolling-for-minus-one-season-2/articleshow/93019248.cms|access-date=25 July 2022|work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2022 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2010
|''[[Isi Life Mein...!]]''
|Sunil
|
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Bittoo Boss]]''
|Raj
|
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
|{{N/A}}
|Assistant director
|
|-
|2020
|''Phone Call''
|Dhruv Singh
|rowspan="2"|Short film
|
|-
|2022
|''Recommended For You''
|Pranav
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Ayush Mehra: Addiction To Social Media And Video Games Is A Real Problem |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ayush-mehra-addiction-to-social-media-and-video-games-is-a-real-problem-news-212709 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Recommended For You: Five reasons why you MUST watch Ayush Mehra's short film! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/recommended-for-you-five-reasons-why-you-must-watch-ayush-mehras-thriller-drama-2488570.html |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Kacchey Limbu]]''
|Kabir Saini
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Radhika Madan, Rajat Barmecha, and Ayush Mehra starrer 'Kacchey Limbu' to have its world premiere at the 47th Toronto International Film Festival |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/radhika-madan-rajat-barmecha-and-ayush-mehra-starrer-kacchey-limbu-selected-at-the-47th-toronto-international-film-festival-23238393 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2014
|rowspan="2"|''Love By Chance''
|Dhruv
|Episode: "Boys Not Allowed"
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015
|Onil Chakravarty
|Episode: "Desi VS Videshi"
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
|Aditya
|Episode: "Best Friends Forever"
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016
|Aarav
|Episode: "Heartly Yours"
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bindass.com - Yeh Hai Aashiqui (Season 4) Hosted By Mrinal Dutt|url=http://www.bindass.com/shows/yeh-hai-aashiqui/4|publisher=Bindass.com|access-date=24 July 2016|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428041542/http://bindass.com/shows/yeh-hai-aashiqui/4|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bindass|Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan]]''
|Rishabh Bhalla
|
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="4"|2019
|''Mom and Co''
|Aditya Joshi
|
|
|-
|''Love On The Rocks''
|Nikhil
|Episode: "Doodho Nahao Pooto Phalo"
|
|-
|''[[Minus One (TV series)|Minus One]]''
|Varun
|
|
|-
|''Myntra Fashion Superstar''
|Host
|Season 1
|
|-
|2019–2021
|''When You Meet Your Ex''
|Karan
|
|
|-
|2019–2022
|''Please Find Attached''
|Shaurya Singh
|3 seasons
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-28 |title=Web series are here to stay: Barkha Singh|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-on-the-move/web-series-are-here-to-stay-barkha-singh-920773.html |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Operation MBBS]]''
|Nishant Singh
|2 seasons
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-24 |title=Ayush Mehra talks about his web series Operation MBBS |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/the-good-doctor-22693289 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''
|Mehershad
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2021 |first=Jyoti |last=Kanyal |title=Call My Agent Bollywood: Netflix series is all about the cameos |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/call-my-agent-bollywood-review-aahana-kumra-rajat-kapoor-s-netflix-series-is-all-about-the-cameos-1871351-2021-11-01 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Life Love Siyaapa''
|Rishab
|
|
|-
|2022
|''How To Fall In Love''
|Akash
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taneja |first=Parina |date=2022-01-14 |title=How To Fall In Love!: Ayush Mehra's got us falling in love with him |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/ott/how-to-fall-in-love-ayush-mehra-s-got-us-falling-in-love-with-him-2022-01-14-754418 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Oops! Ab Kya?''
|Vishal Mehra
|Season 1; Episode 7
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oops! Ab Kya? S1 Episode 7 on JioHotstar |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/oops-ab-kya/1971314002/sasural-samar-ka/1271392599/watch#mp-login |website=JioHotstar}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|Popular Actor - OTT
|''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now |access-date=9 September 2022 |work=Indian Television Academy Awards |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/}}</ref>
|-
|''Please Find Attached 3''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2023
|[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film (Male)
|''[[Kacchey Limbu]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees for Filmfare OTT Awards 2023 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/vote |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|4191491}}

{{Portal bar|Films|Television}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehra, Ayush}}

[[Category:Indian web series actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers

2026-01-20T04:38:16Z

MDPOliva97: added references

{{Short description|Bangladeshi hacker group}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=October 2021}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers
| full_name =
| native_name = বাংলাদেশ ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট হ্যাকার্স
| native_name_lang = bn
| logo = Logo_of_BBHH.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt = Logo of BBHH
| logo_caption = Logo of BBHH
| image_size =
| alt = 
| caption =
| map = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
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| abbreviation =
| nickname = BD Black Hats
| pronounce =
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| pronounce 2 =
| named_after =
| predecessor =
| merged = 
| successor =
| formation = 2 January 2012
| founders =
| founding_location =
| dissolved = 
| merger = 
| type = [[Hacker|Hacker group]] 
| tax_id = 
| registration_id = 
| status = Inactive
| purpose = 
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| footnotes =
| bodystyle =
}}
'''Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers''' (also known as '''BD Black Hats''') ([[:bn:বাংলাদেশ ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট হ্যাকার্স|Bengali]]: বাংলাদেশ ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট হ্যাকার্স) is a hacker group based in [[Bangladesh]]. It claimed in 2012 to have hacked Indian websites in retaliation for border killings by the Indian [[Border Security Force]] and the construction of the [[Tipaimukh Dam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=15 February 2012 |title=Bangladeshi hackers shut down 20,000 Indian sites |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-222532 |access-date=5 October 2021 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 September 2013 |title= |script-title=bn:ভারতের ২৫০টি সাইট হ্যাক করলো বাংলাদেশ ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট হ্যাকারস | প্রিয় টেক |trans-title=Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers hacked 250 sites in India |url=http://tech.priyo.com/news/security/2013/02/09/8263.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711053705/http://tech.priyo.com/news/security/2013/02/09/8263.html |archive-date=11 July 2014 |work=[[Priyo.com|Priyo]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 September 2013 |title= |script-title=bn:আবারো ভারতের সাইবার স্পেসে বাংলাদেশ ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট হ্যার্কাসের সাইবার যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা | প্রিয় টেক |trans-title=Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers declares cyber war in Indian cyberspace again |url=http://tech.priyo.com/news/internet/2013/09/14/11807.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220161018/http://tech.priyo.com/news/internet/2013/09/14/11807.html |archive-date=20 February 2014 |work=[[Priyo.com|Priyo]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= |script-title=bn:আজকের ২৪ - ৮৬টি ভারতীয় ওয়েবসাইট হ্যাক করলো বিডি ব্ল্যাক হ্যাট |trans-title=BD Black Hat hacks 6 Indian websites today |url=http://ajker24.com/permalink/3163.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330200929/http://ajker24.com/permalink/3163.html |archive-date=30 March 2013}}</ref> Although Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers declared this cyber war, they were later joined by two other Bangladesh-based hacker groups ''Bangladesh Cyber Army'' and ''3xp1r3 Cyber Army''.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Sadia |first=Jannatus |date=9 January 2013 |title= |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ-ভারত সাইবার যুদ্ধ |trans-title=Bangladesh-India cyber war |url=http://computerbarta.com/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511042730/http://computerbarta.com/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6/ |archive-date=11 May 2012 |magazine=Computer Barta |language=bn}}</ref>

The incident is described as a [[Cyberwarfare|cyber war]] without the presence of any governmental personnel in it.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="P.Alo13Feb2">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ-ভারত সাইবার-যুদ্ধ! |url=http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-02-13/news/224348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218192424/http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-02-13/news/224348 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |access-date=1 May 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The threat of the attack was given on 9 February 2012 and till 12 February. Ten thousand websites were hacked.<ref name="P.Alo13Feb">{{cite news |author=Mohaimen |first=Pallab |date=13 February 2012 |title= |script-title=bn:সীমান্তে হত্যা বন্ধের দাবি: বাংলাদেশ-ভারত সাইবার-যুদ্ধ! |url=http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-02-13/news/224348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007112658/http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-02-13/news/224348 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |access-date=25 March 2012 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2012 |title= |script-title=bn:শত শত ওয়েবসাইটে হ্যাকারদের হানা |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news/2012/02/120214_pghacking |access-date=5 October 2021 |work=[[BBC Bangla]] |language=bn}}</ref> The number rose to 20,000 later.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="P.Alo13Feb" />

Around March 2015, the group also took responsibility for hacking [[Shashi Tharoor|Shashi Tharoor's]] website, owing to negative comments against Bangladesh's [[cricket]] win against [[England]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2015 |title= |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশকে হেয় করায় শশী থারুরের ওয়েবসাইট হ্যাকড |trans-title=Shashi Tharoor's website has been hacked for humiliating Bangladesh |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/cricket/article940870.bdnews |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928122155/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/cricket/article940870.bdnews |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2015 |title= |script-title=bn:বিশ্বকাপে বাংলাদেশকে 'আন্ডার এস্টিমেট' করায় শশী থারুরের ওয়েবসাইট হ্যাক করল বাংলাদেশের হ্যাকাররা |trans-title=Bangladesh hackers hack Shashi Tharoor's website for 'underestimating' Bangladesh in World Cup |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/world/bangladeshi-hackers-take-over-shashi-tharoors-official-website-target-team-india_125970.html |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=bn}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Anonymous (hacker group)]]
* [[Indian Cyber Force]]
* [[LulzSec]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hacking in the 2010s}}

[[Category:Hacker groups]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2012]]

Nilamber Pant

2026-01-19T23:15:35Z

MDPOliva97: made some info v1

{{Short description|Indian scientist (born 1931)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nilamber Pant
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1931|07|25}}
| birth_place = [[Almora]], [[Uttarakhand]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Space scientist
| yearsactive =
| known for = Indian space programme
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Shri Hari Om Ashram Prerit Dr. [[Vikram Sarabhai]] Research Award Dr. Biren Roy Space Award Aryabhata Award [[Vikram Sarabhai]] Memorial Award [[Indian Space Research Organization|ISRO]] Performance Excellence Award [[Indian Space Research Organization|ISRO]] Lifetime Achievement Award
}}

'''Nilamber Pant''' (born 25 July 1931) is an Indian space scientist, a former member of the ''Space Commission of India'' and a pioneer of satellite based communication and broadcasting in India.<ref name="Shri N. Pant">{{cite web | url=http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | title=Shri N. Pant | publisher=Space Applications Centre, ISRO | date=2015 | access-date=18 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721124753/http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | archive-date=21 July 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He served at the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] and the [[ISRO Satellite Centre]] before becoming the vice chairman of the [[Indian Space Research Organization]] (ISRO).<ref name="President at home">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/05/06/stories/2005050608210100.htm | title=President at home | date=6 May 2005 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=18 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded Pant the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian honour in India, in 1984.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India]] |date=2015 |access-date=18 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

==Biography==
Pant was born in [[Almora]], in the Indian state of Uttarakhand <ref name="Padma Awards from Uttarakhand">{{cite web | url=http://www.apnauttarakhand.com/padma-awards-from-uttarakhand/ | title=Padma Awards from Uttarakhand | publisher=Apna Uttarakhand | date=2015 | access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> on 25 July 1931 and did his schooling and pre-graduate studies at local institutions in Almora.<ref name="Shri N. Pant" /> He graduated from [[Lucknow University]] in 1948 and secured his post graduate degree from the same institution in 1952, in Physics with Wireless as a major.<ref name="Shri N. Pant" /> Joining the [[Indian Space Research Organization]] (ISRO), his first significant task was the establishment of an Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) at [[Ahmedabad]], a first of its kind in India, in 1965 as a member of the task force entrusted with the responsibility. Later, he completed the first commercial earth station as the Chief Systems Engineer at Arvi, a village around 21 km from [[Pune]], in 1971. During the next five years, he was involved with the development and installation of [[Satellite Instructional Television Experiment]] (SITE) at the [[Earth Station]]s located in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Delhi]] and [[Amritsar]].<ref name="Shri N. Pant" />

Pant served as the director of the Experimental Satellite Communications Earth Station, Ahmedabad and as the chairman of the Communication Area, [[Space Applications Centre]], Ahmedabad before being appointed as the director of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] (SHAR, ISRO) in 1977. It was during his tenure as the director, ISRO that the first four launches of the [[SLV-3]], in 1979, 1980, 1981<ref name="SLV-3: Pyre in the sky">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/science-and-technology/story/19810630-rohini-satellite-makes-a-fiery-re-entry-into-earths-atmosphere-773017-2013-11-20 | title=SLV-3: Pyre in the sky | publisher=[[India Today]] | date=30 June 1981 | access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> and 1983 respectively, were executed<ref name="SLV">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv | title=SLV | publisher=[[ISRO]] | date=2015 | access-date=19 July 2015 | archive-date=29 May 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529133357/http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv | url-status=dead }}</ref> under the leadership of [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref name="President at home" /> His next posting was as the director of the [[ISRO Satellite Centre]] at Bengaluru in 1985 where he oversaw the IRS, SROSS and INSAT-2 projects. He also chaired the INSAT-1 Project Management Board during this period.<ref name="Shri N. Pant" /> In 1999, he was inducted into the ''Space Commission of India'' as a member and the next year, he became the vice chairman of the [[Indian Space Research Organization]], a post he held till his superannuation on 31 July 1991.<ref name="Shri N. Pant" />

Pant received the ''Shri Hari Om Ashram Prerit Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Research Award'' in 1976<ref name="Shri N. Pant" /> and the [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1984.<ref name="Padma Awards" /> The next year, he received the Dr. Biren Roy Space Award from the [[Aeronautical Society of India]] and the Aryabhatta Award of the Astronautical Society of India reached him in 1995.<ref name="Aryabhata Awards">{{cite web | url=http://asindia.org/awardees1.aspx | title=Aryabhata Awards | publisher=Astronautical Society of India | date=2015 | access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> At the 92nd [[Indian Science Congress]] held at Ahmedabad in 2005, he was awarded the Vikram Sarabhai Memorial Award.<ref name="Shri N. Pant" /> The Indian Space Research Organization awarded him the ''Performance Excellence Award'' in 2006 and followed it up with the ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' in 2010.<ref name="40th Anniversary of Aryabhata Launch">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/20-apr-2015/40th-anniversary-of-aryabhata-launch | title=40th Anniversary of Aryabhata Launch | publisher=ISRO | work=2015 | access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
* [[ISRO Satellite Centre]]
* [[Indian Space Research Organization]]
* [[Rohini (satellite)]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Science}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pant, Nilamber}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:People from Almora district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:ISRO people]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Indian space scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scientists]]

Ghungroo (song)

2026-01-19T18:03:23Z

MDPOliva97: stub - done

{{Short description|2019 song by Vishal–Shekhar}}
{{for|the musical anklet worn by classical Indian dancers|Ghungroo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ghungroo
| type = single
| cover = Ghungroo song cover.jpg
| caption = Official song cover
| artist = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| album = [[War (2019 film)|War]]
| language = Hindi
| released = 5 September 2019
| recorded = 2018–2019
| studio = {{ubl|
* YRF Studios, [[Mumbai]]
* Purple Haze Studio, [[New Delhi]]
* Mastering World, [[Wales]]
}}
| genre = {{hlist|[[Dance music|Dance]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Funk]]}}
| length = 5:02
| label = [[YRF Music]]
| writer =
| composer = Vishal–Shekhar
| lyricist = [[Kumaar]]
| producer = [[Yash Raj Films]]
| tracks =
# "'''Ghungroo'''"
# "Jai Jai Shivshankar"
# "War Theme"
# "Kabir's Theme"
# "Khalid's Theme"
| misc = {{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|id=qFkNATtc3mc|title="Ghungroo"}}
}}
}}
"'''Ghungroo'''" ({{translation|Dancing Bells}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language song, composed by the duo [[Vishal-Shekhar]] ([[Vishal Dadlani]] and [[Shekhar Ravjiani]]), with lyrics written by [[Kumaar]] and recorded by [[Arijit Singh]] and [[Shilpa Rao]] for the [[War (2019 soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] of the 2019 Indian film ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''. It was released on 5 September 2019 as the first single from the album, through [[YRF Music]].

The song was also released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as "Salangaigal" and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as "Gunde Lo Thootlu Pade". The hook step dance involving [[Hrithik Roshan]] became popular. The song amassed over 467 million views on YouTube as of March 2025.<ref name=":3"/>

== Composition ==
"Ghungroo" was composed by the duo [[Vishal-Shekhar]]. The song was recorded by Abhay Rumde, mixed by Vijay Dayal and mastered by Donal Whelan. The song is arranged and programmed by Abhijit Nalani. [[Guitars]] were performed by [[Warren Mendonsa]].<ref name=":3"/>

Lyrics of the song was written by [[Kumaar]] and recorded by [[Arijit Singh]] and [[Shilpa Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/936321/song-check-in-ghungroo-from-war-a-funky-duet-by-shilpa-rao-and-arijit-singh|title=Song check: In 'Ghungroo' from 'War', a funky duet by Shilpa Rao and Arijit Singh|website=Scroll.in|access-date=17 April 2023|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016143646/https://scroll.in/reel/936321/song-check-in-ghungroo-from-war-a-funky-duet-by-shilpa-rao-and-arijit-singh|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music video ==
[[File:Atrani (Costiera Amalfitana, 23-8-2011).jpg|thumb|Part of "Ghungroo" was shot at the [[Amalfi Coast]]]]
Music video was choreographed by the duo [[Bosco–Caesar]] and [[Tushar Kalia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-turn-up-the-heat-in-this-beachy-sunny-number/story-rsLMNjKlMwXW4njBktu3lJ.html|title=War song Ghungroo: Hrithik Roshan, Vaani Kapoor turn up the heat in this beachy, sunny number|date=5 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 April 2023|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412163232/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-turn-up-the-heat-in-this-beachy-sunny-number/story-rsLMNjKlMwXW4njBktu3lJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Music video features [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Vaani Kapoor]] dancing for the single. It was shot on [[Positano]] beach in [[Italy]] and [[Amalfi Coast]]. The music video featured about 150 dancers from [[Milan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-shot-for-ghungroo-at-this-exotic-location-35932.html|title=Hrithik Roshan and Vaani Kapoor shot for Ghungroo at this exotic location!|website=Filmfare|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416005615/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-shot-for-ghungroo-at-this-exotic-location-35932.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film crew reportedly had to shut down a portion of the Positano beach while filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/war-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoors-party-shuts-positano-beach/|title=WAR: Hrithik Roshan and Vaani Kapoor's party shuts Positano beach! : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=5 September 2019|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416005929/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/war-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoors-party-shuts-positano-beach/|url-status=live}}</ref> The rehearsals for the song went up to three months.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-did-you-know-vaani-kapoor-was-injured-several-times-during-ghungroo-shooting-547966|title=Did you know Vaani Kapoor was injured several times during Ghungroo shooting?|first=Shalu|last=Singh|date=7 September 2019|website=www.indiatvnews.com|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416010400/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-did-you-know-vaani-kapoor-was-injured-several-times-during-ghungroo-shooting-547966|url-status=live}}</ref>

In an interview, Kalia said about rehearsals of Vaani Kapoor that "She got so many [[bruises]], she fell so many times and it was bad. Physically, it was very challenging but she never gave up and she never skipped a single day of rehearsal. It is because of her dedication, commitment and hard work that the song has come out so well! I'm really proud of what she has done in the song. It's one of the most difficult songs I have ever choreographed. For the first time ever, an actress is attempting a routine that involves [[Cyr wheel]] and aerial rotating pole and both are very difficult routines to pull off even if you are a brilliant dancer."<ref name=":1"/>

== Reception ==
''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' wrote "both Hrithik and Vaani have proved their mantle with their swift dancing moves in their previous films, both have raised the bar really high in this foot-tapping dance number."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-flaunt-their-impeccable-dance-moves-in-this-sizzling-song/articleshow/70989252.cms|title='War' song 'Ghungroo': Hrithik Roshan and Vaani Kapoor flaunt their impeccable dance moves in this sizzling song|website=The Times of India|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416013821/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-flaunt-their-impeccable-dance-moves-in-this-sizzling-song/articleshow/70989252.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "Though fans might miss Hrithik’s unbelievable dance moves here, Vaani surely adds some spark with her acrobatics."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ghungroo-song-war-film-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-video-beach-party-5967759/|title=War song Ghungroo: You will slowly warm up to Hrithik and Vaani's party number|date=5 September 2019|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416020254/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ghungroo-song-war-film-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-video-beach-party-5967759/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "The video opens with a bikini-clad Vaani flaunting her hot bod, while Hrithik is seen watching her dance. Soon the Greek God joins the dancing diva and can be seen showing off his dance moves."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/war-new-song-ghungroo-out-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-s-sizzling-chemistry-is-to-die-for-1595728-2019-09-05|title=War new song Ghungroo out: Hrithik Roshan and Vaani Kapoor's sizzling chemistry is to die for|website=India Today|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416015025/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/war-new-song-ghungroo-out-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-s-sizzling-chemistry-is-to-die-for-1595728-2019-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "'Ghungroo' sees Hrithik's Kabir and Vaani's character traipsing around a secluded island, often breaking into dance in between."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-groove-to-arijit-singh-shilpa-raos-peppy-track-7289281.html|title=War song Ghungroo: Hrithik Roshan, Vaani Kapoor groove to Arijit Singh, Shilpa Rao's peppy track|date=5 September 2019|website=Firstpost|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416051231/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/war-song-ghungroo-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-groove-to-arijit-singh-shilpa-raos-peppy-track-7289281.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Zee News]]'' wrote "The dashing 'Greek God' will make you go gaga over him while the gorgeous diva is all set to win hearts".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/ghungroo-song-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-are-a-visual-delight-in-this-peppy-track-from-war-2232212.html|title=Ghungroo song: Hrithik Roshan, Vaani Kapoor are a visual delight in this peppy track from 'War'—Watch|website=Zee News|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416015748/https://zeenews.india.com/music/ghungroo-song-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoor-are-a-visual-delight-in-this-peppy-track-from-war-2232212.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Hrithik Roshan, Vaani Kapoor turn up the heat in this beachy, sunny number".<ref name=":2"/>

== Impact ==
The song received positive reception from audiences, praising the music and choreography. The hook step, performed by Roshan, went viral on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/hrithik-roshan-s-hook-step-from-the-ghungroo-song-a-major-hit-amongst-fans-21708183|title=Hrithik's hook step from the Ghungroo song a major hit amongst fans|date=10 September 2019|website=Mid-day|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416012743/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/hrithik-roshan-s-hook-step-from-the-ghungroo-song-a-major-hit-amongst-fans-21708183|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/indian-idol-12-winner-pawandeep-rajan-arunita-kanjilal-recreate-ghungroo-hook-step-4110470.html|title=Indian Idol 12 Winner Pawandeep Rajan, Arunita Kanjilal Recreate 'Ghungroo' Hook Step|date=22 August 2021|website=News18|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416013017/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/indian-idol-12-winner-pawandeep-rajan-arunita-kanjilal-recreate-ghungroo-hook-step-4110470.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Roshan recreated the viral portion of the dance in the film's promotions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kapil-sharma-show-hrithik-roshan-makes-kapil-groove-beats-ghungroo-war/|title=The Kapil Sharma Show: Hrithik Roshan makes Kapil groove to the beats of 'Ghungroo' from War : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 September 2019|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416013305/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kapil-sharma-show-hrithik-roshan-makes-kapil-groove-beats-ghungroo-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tiger Shroff]] recreated the hook step.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tiger-shroff-recreates-war-song-ghungroo-dedicates-it-to-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-2128290|title=Tiger Shroff Recreates War Song Ghungroo. Dedicates It To Hrithik Roshan And Vaani Kapoor|website=NDTV.com|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416011704/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tiger-shroff-recreates-war-song-ghungroo-dedicates-it-to-hrithik-roshan-and-vaani-kapoor-2128290|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nithiin]] and [[Rashmika Mandanna]] too recreated the step.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rashmika-mandanna-and-nithiin-groove-to-hrithik-roshan-s-ghungroo-in-italy-see-video-1631862-2019-12-27|title=Rashmika Mandanna and Nithiin groove to Hrithik Roshan's Ghungroo in Italy. See video|website=India Today|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416012340/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rashmika-mandanna-and-nithiin-groove-to-hrithik-roshan-s-ghungroo-in-italy-see-video-1631862-2019-12-27|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ananya Panday]] danced the step.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/watch-ananya-panday-attempts-replicate-hook-step-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoors-song-ghungroo/|title=Watch: Ananya Panday attempts to replicate the hook step of Hrithik Roshan-Vaani Kapoor's song 'Ghungroo' : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 September 2019|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416012922/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/watch-ananya-panday-attempts-replicate-hook-step-hrithik-roshan-vaani-kapoors-song-ghungroo/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sanya Malhotra]] grooved the song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sanya-malhotra-grooves-tunes-hrithik-roshans-song-ghungroo-war-watch-video/|title=Sanya Malhotra grooves to the tunes of Hrithik Roshan's song Ghungroo from War (watch video) : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 October 2019|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416015657/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sanya-malhotra-grooves-tunes-hrithik-roshans-song-ghungroo-war-watch-video/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Credits and personnel ==
Credits adapted from [[YouTube]].<ref name=":3">{{Citation |title=Ghungroo Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFkNATtc3mc |work=[[YouTube]] |access-date=15 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314165113/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFkNATtc3mc |url-status=live }}</ref>{{div col}}
* [[Vishal Dadlani]]{{spaced ndash}} composer
* [[Shekhar Ravjiani]]{{spaced ndash}} composer
* [[Kumaar]]{{spaced ndash}} lyricist
* [[Arijit Singh]]{{spaced ndash}} vocal
* [[Shilpa Rao]]{{spaced ndash}}vocal
* [[Bosco–Caesar]]{{spaced ndash}} Choreographer
* [[Tushar Kalia]]{{spaced ndash}} Choreographer
* Vijay Dayal{{spaced ndash}} mix
* Abhijit Nalani{{spaced ndash}} programmer
* [[Warren Mendonsa]]{{spaced ndash}} guitarist
{{div col end}}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in Alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2"| [[65th Filmfare Awards|15 February 2020]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| [[Shilpa Rao]] ("Ghungroo")
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |title=NOMINATIONS FOR 65TH AMAZON FILMFARE AWARDS 2020 |website=Filmfare |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105210/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |title=WINNERS OF THE 65TH AMAZON FILMFARE AWARDS 2020 |website=Filmfare |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323041020/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/technical-nominations-for-the-65th-filmfare-awards-2020_-38868.html |title=Technical Nominations for the 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |website=Filmfare |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202001359/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/technical-nominations-for-the-65th-filmfare-awards-2020_-38868.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-technical-and-short-film-award-winners-38901.html |title=65th Amazon Filmfare Award 2020 Technical and Short Film award winners |website=Filmfare |date=2 February 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218131355/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-technical-and-short-film-award-winners-38901.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| [[Bosco–Caesar]] & [[Tushar Kalia]] ("Ghungroo")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="3"| [[21st IIFA Awards|27–29 November 2020]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| [[Arijit Singh]] ("Ghungroo")
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |title=IIFA Awards 2020: Here are the nominations! |website=International Indian Film Academy Awards |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=5 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505143844/https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-wFxEAACAAaMLb/iifa-technical-awards-2020-all-the-winners |title=IIFA Technical Awards 2020: All the Winners! |website=International Indian Film Academy Awards |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811012031/https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-wFxEAACAAaMLb/iifa-technical-awards-2020-all-the-winners |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| Shilpa Rao ("Ghungroo")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| [[Bosco–Caesar]] & Tushar Kalia ("Ghungroo")
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| rowspan="3"| [[12th Mirchi Music Awards|19 February 2020]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]]
| "Ghungroo"
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |title=Nominations for the 12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020 |website=Mirchi Music Awards |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228040630/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]]
| Shilpa Rao ("Ghungroo")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Song Engineer – Recording & Mixing
| Abhay Rumde & Vijay Dayal ("Ghungroo")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Screen Awards]]
|[[26th Screen Awards|8 December 2019]]
| Best Choreography
| [[Bosco–Caesar]] [[Tushar Kalia]] ("Ghungroo")
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |title=Screen Awards 2019 full winners list |website=India Today |date=9 December 2019 |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225175239/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{YouTube|id=qFkNATtc3mc|title="Ghungroo"}}

{{Vishal–Shekhar}}
{{Arijit Singh}}
{{YRF Spy Universe}}

[[Category:2019 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Vishal–Shekhar]]
[[Category:Arijit Singh songs]]
[[Category:Shilpa Rao songs]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Kumaar]]
[[Category:Music videos shot in Italy]]

Evansville race riot

2026-01-12T20:31:27Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Short description|1903 riot in Evansville, Indiana}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Evansville race riot
| subtitle =
| partof =
| image = Former Vanderburgh County Sheriff's Residence.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = The old jail at the [[Former Vanderburgh County Sheriff's Residence]], the site where the riot began
| date = July 5 – 6, 1903
| place = [[Evansville, Indiana]]
| coordinates = {{coord|37|58|24.4|N|87|34|22.8|W|display=inline,title}}
| causes = Lack of appropriate crowd control by militia / killing of a white policeman by a black man.
| goals =
| methods = Attempted [[lynching]], [[riot]]ing, [[looting]], [[shootout]]
| status =
| result =
| side1 = White rioters
| side2 = [[Indiana National Guard]] Evansville Police Department Vanderburgh County Sheriff's Department
----
Black residents
| side3 =
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
| leadfigures3 =
| howmany1 = 1,000+
| howmany2 = 200 initially
| howmany3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| fatalities = 12
| injuries = 40+
| arrests =
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| sidebox =
| map_type = Indiana
}}

The '''Evansville Race Riot''' occurred in July 1903 in [[Evansville, Indiana]] and was the worst riot in the city's history. The riots occurred after a black man shot and killed a white policeman and ultimately resulted in 12 deaths.<ref name="eliving">{{cite web |title=Race Riot of 1903 |url=http://www.evansvilleliving.com/articles/race-riot-of-1903 |website=evansvilleliving.com |date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Evansville Living |accessdate=April 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="race war">{{cite news |title=RACE WAR RAGING IN EVANSVILLE |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19030706.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |accessdate=April 2, 2019 |publisher=[[San Francisco Call]] |date=July 6, 1903}}</ref><ref name="shame">{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Justin|title="THE CITY'S CROWN OF SHAME": THE EVANSVILLE RACE RIOT|url=https://blog.newspapers.library.in.gov/evansville-race-riots/|website=[[Indiana State Library]]|date=6 July 2017 |publisher=State of Indiana|accessdate=April 2, 2019}}</ref>

On July 3, a 33-year-old black man named John Tinsley, had a dispute with a black bartender, Tom Berry, over Tinsley's refusal to pay for a beer. Brown attempted to return to the bar with a gun but was stopped by Louis N. Massey, the most senior policeman on the force.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Webb |first=Jon |date=2024-02-20 |title=Black History Month: 1903 riot and attempted lynching left 12 dead in Evansville |url=https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2024/02/20/black-history-month-1903-evansville-riot-left-12-dead/72626479007/ |access-date=2025-12-08 |website=Courier & Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Massey attempted to arrest Tinsley, but Tinsley shot and fatally wounded Massey. However, Massey was able to fire back before dying, wounding Tinsley, who eventually also succumbed to injuries on July 31.<ref name="eliving" /><ref name="shame" />

Tinsley was using the name "Lee Brown" and also known as "Robert Lee," but was recognized as a man who had previously served a sentence at the [[Indiana State Prison]]. He was imprisoned there from 1896 to 1901 on a conviction for assault with intent to kill.<ref name=":0" />

Armed with axes, guns, and a battering ram, a mob of 150 formed on the following day to lynch Tinsley, unaware that Sheriff Chris Kratz had already snuck him out to [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]]. A larger mob threatened the jail again the next day. Despite being told that Tinsley was not there, the mob continued to besiege the jail. When a group of 20 to 30 armed black men marched towards the jail, the mob attacked black people, homes, and businesses. The next day, Governor [[Winfield T. Durbin]] deployed Evansville's company of the [[Indiana National Guard]] to protect the jail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice and Violence |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=5848 |website=H-Net Reviews}}</ref>

A mob of several thousand white people formed outside the [[Old Vanderburgh County Jail|Vanderburgh County Jail]] on July 6 and attempted to storm the jail. Those guarding the jail opened fire on the mob, killing and injuring several rioters. The crowd then began looting hardware stores of weapons and stormed into black neighborhoods in an attempt to expel black people from Evansville.<ref name="eliving" /><ref name="race war" /><ref name="shame" /><ref name="seven killed">{{cite news |title=SEVEN KILLED IN EVANSVILLE RIOT |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1903-07-07/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=07%2F06%2F1903&index=8&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=EVANSVILLE+RIOT&proxdistance=5&date2=07%2F31%2F1903&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Evansville+Riot&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1 |accessdate=April 2, 2019 |publisher=The Minneapolis Journal |date=July 7, 1903}}</ref> The rioting continued until July 10 and a total of 13 people died during the riot, with more than 40 others seriously wounded and about 2,000 of Evansville's 8,000 black residents fleeing the city.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 8, 1903|title=Anti-negro riots in the United States|url=https://www.theguardian.com/century/1899-1909/Story/0,,126353,00.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="eliving" /><ref name="seven killed" /> Several accounts describe the escalation as coming to a head after a rock was thrown by someone in the crowd, at the militia, who in turn fired warning shots which caused chaos.<ref name="The Librrary of Congress">{{cite news |title=THE CITY'S CROWN OF SHAME |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1903-07-08/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1903&sort=relevance&rows=20&words=EVANSVILLE+Journal&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=14&state=Indiana&date2=1903&proxtext=evansville+journal&y=6&x=10&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |accessdate=January 18, 2020 |publisher=The Indianapolis Journal |date=July 8, 1903}}</ref>

The people killed during the riot were:<ref name="shame" />{{Dead link|date=January 2022}}<ref name="seven killed" />

{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
*Edward Schiffman, 28, painter
*Hazel Allman, 15, killed while driving with her parents
*August Jordan, 21, musician
*Ed Ruhl, 23, laborer
*Joseph Tech "Peck", middle-aged
*Robert W. Bock, 24, (Originally thought to be H.E. Johnson)
*Fred Kappler, 18
*Frank Lamble, 23, stove molder
*John Barnett, 20
*John Geil
*Earnest Walters
*Charles Taylor, factory hand
*Calvin Hawkins, 26{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evansville race riot}}
[[Category:1903 in Indiana]]
[[Category:1903 riots]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Indiana]]
[[Category:White American riots in the United States]]
[[Category:July 1903 in the United States]]
[[Category:Evansville, Indiana]]
[[Category:Killings by law enforcement officers in the United States]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans in Indiana]]
[[Category:1903 mass murders]]
[[Category:Mass murders in Indiana]]
[[Category:1900s mass murders in the United States]]
[[Category:1903 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:Looting in the United States]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Illinois]]
[[Category:Attacks on shops in the United States]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1900s]]
[[Category:Attacks on prisons and jails in the United States]]
[[Category:United States military killing of American civilians]]

The Last Unfinished Painting

2026-01-12T03:08:54Z

MDPOliva97: new a post - done

{{Short description|1941 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = The Last Unfinished Painting
| other_language_1 =
| other_title_1 =
| other_language_2 =
| other_title_2 =
| wikidata =
| image = Amrita Sher-Gil The Last Unfinished Painting 1941 Lahore.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = The Last Unfinished Painting
| artist = [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| year = 1941
| completion_date = Unfinished
| catalogue =
| medium = [[Oil on canvas]]
| movement =
| subject =
| height_metric = 65.7
| width_metric = 87.5
| length_metric =
| diameter_metric =
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| metric_unit = cm 
| imperial_unit = in 
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| museum = [[National Gallery of Modern Art]]
| city = New Delhi
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}}

'''''The Last Unfinished Painting''''', originally titled '''''On the Roof''''', is [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]'s last [[oil on canvas]] painting, created from the window of her apartment in [[Lahore]], [[British India|India]], shortly before her death in December 1941. Her intention was to paint what she could see from her terrace: the milkmen's buffaloes that lived near her house.<ref name=Singh1975>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=N. Iqbal |title=Amrita Sher-Gil |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |date=1975 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=209–217 |jstor=23001838 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23001838 |issn=0376-9771|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=Sundaram.2010.774>Sundaram, p.774</ref><ref name=Dalmia2014>{{cite book |last1=Keserü |first1=Katalin |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=8. Amrita Sher-Gil: the Indian painter and her French and Hungarian connections|pages=122–123}}</ref> A detailed account of the painting is given in [[Vivan Sundaram]]'s last unwritten letter, which he dated 1 December 1941.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.782>Sundaram, pp. 782-785</ref> In it is described a mysterious black object that appears in the bottom right corner, though it was erased in a restoration after 1944.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.782/>

==See also==
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |last=Dalmia|first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1|pages=1–417|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=418–821|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}

{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Last Unfinished Painting}}
[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]
[[Category:1941 paintings]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:Unfinished paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings of cattle]]
[[Category:Paintings in India]]

{{1940s-painting-stub}}

Sahina Mumtaz Begum

2026-01-02T20:12:20Z

MDPOliva97: fixed issues

{{short description|Indian politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sahina Mumtaz Begum সাহিনা মুমতাজ বেগম
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Naoda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naoda]]
| term_start = 23 May 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Abu Taher Khan]]
| successor =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| relatives = [[Nasiruddin Khan]] (father-in-law)
}}
'''Sahina Mumtaz Begum''' is an Indian politician. In 2019 she was elected as [[Naoda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|MLA of Naoda Vidhan Sabha Constituency]] in [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[http://myneta.info/westbengal2016/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=default List of Winners in West Bengal 2016]</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title= বন্ধুর পথেই মসৃণ জয়
| url= https://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/general-election-results-2019-story-about-abu-taher-khan-who-once-close-to-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-1.998422
| date= 29 May 2019
| accessdate= 31 May 2019
| website=Anandabazar Patrika|language=bn}}</ref> She is a politician from [[Trinamool Congress]]. She is [[Nasiruddin Khan]]'s daughter-in-law.<ref name=a>{{cite news|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=17&nID=166807&P=1|title=নওদার ঘরের মেয়ে হয়ে উঠেছেন প্রাক্তন মন্ত্রীর বউমা শাহিনা|date=18 May 2019|accessdate=14 February 2020|website=Bartaman|language=bn|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213183539/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php%3FcID%3D17%26nID%3D166807%26P%3D1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Sahina Mumtaz}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Politicians from Murshidabad district]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Singhasari

2025-12-30T13:04:40Z

MDPOliva97: General cleanup and improvements

{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
{{Short description|Javanese Kingdom (1222–1292)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{For|the district in Malang Regency, East Java|Singosari}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| conventional_long_name = Singhasari
| common_name = Singhasari
| religion = [[Hinduism]] [[Buddhism]]
| p1 = Kediri (historical kingdom)
| s1 = Majapahit
| s2 = Kingdom of Singapura
| year_start = 1222
| year_end = 1292
| date_start =
| date_end =
| event_start = [[Battle of Genter]]
| event_end = [[Jayakatwang#Rebellion against Singhasari|Jayakatwang rebellion]]
| image_flag =
| image_coat =
| symbol_type =
| image_map = Singhasari Kingdom en.svg
| image_map_caption = Expansion of Singhasari during the reign of Kertanegara
| capital = Tumapel, later called Kutaraja Singhasari (modern outskirt [[Malang]])
| common_languages = [[Old Javanese]], [[Sanskrit]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| title_leader = Maharaja
| leader1 = [[Ken Arok]]
| year_leader1 = 1222–1227
| leader2 = [[Anusapati]]
| year_leader2 = 1227–1248
| leader3 = [[Panji Tohjaya]]
| year_leader3 = 1248–1250
| leader4 = [[:id:Wisnuwardhana|Visnuvardhana]]
| year_leader4 = 1250–1268
| leader5 = [[Kertanagara]]
| year_leader5 = 1268–1292
| currency = Native gold and silver coins
| footnotes =
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| native_name = {{native name|jv|ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ}}
| today = {{Plainlist|
*[[Indonesia]]
*[[Singapore]]
*[[Malaysia]]}}
}}

{{History of Indonesia}}

'''Singhasari''' ({{langx|jv|ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ|translit=Karaton Singhasari}} or {{transliteration|jv|Karaton Singosari}}, {{langx|id|Kerajaan Singasari}}), also known as '''Tumapel''', was a [[Javanese people|Javanese]] [[Hindu-Buddhist empires|Hindu-Buddhist]] [[Monarchy|kingdom]] located in east [[Java (island)|Java]] between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the [[Kingdom of Kediri]] as the dominant kingdom in eastern Java. The kingdom's name is cognate to the [[Singosari]] district of [[Malang Regency]], located several kilometres north of [[Malang]] City.

==Etymology==
Singhasari (alternate spelling: ''Singosari'') was mentioned in several Javanese manuscripts, including [[Pararaton]]. According to tradition, the name was given by Ken Arok during the foundation of the new kingdom to replace its old name, Tumapel, located in a fertile highland valley which today corresponds to the area in and around [[Malang]] city. It derives from [[Sanskrit]] word ''singha'' which means "lion" and ''sari'' which in [[Old Javanese]] could mean either "essence" or "to sleep". Thus Singhasari could be translated as "essence of lion" or "sleeping lion". Although the [[asiatic lion|lion]] is not an endemic animal of [[Java]], the [[Cultural depictions of lions|symbolic depiction of lions]] is common in Indonesian culture, [[Hinduism in Indonesia|attributed to the influence]] of [[Hindu]]-[[Buddhist]] symbolism.

==Foundation==
{{See also|Ken Arok}}
Singhasari was founded by [[Ken Arok]] (1182–1227/1247), whose story is a popular folktale in Central and East Java. Most of Ken Arok's life story and the early history of Singhasari were taken from the [[Pararaton]] account, which also incorporates some mythical aspects. Ken Arok was an orphan born of a mother named Ken Endok and an unknown father (some tales stated he was a son of the god [[Brahma]]) in the [[Kingdom of Kediri|Kediri]] kingdom's territory.

Ken Arok rose from being a servant of Tunggul Ametung, a regional ruler in Tumapel (present-day [[Malang]]) to becoming a ruler of Java from Kediri. He is considered the founder of the [[Rajasa dynasty]] of both the Singhasari and later the [[Majapahit]] line of monarchs.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1208 |title=Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia|year=2004|isbn=9781576077702|access-date=25 July 2010 |last1=Ooi |first1=Keat Gin |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> He killed Tunggul Ametung and was later assassinated by [[Anusapati]], in revenge for killing his father, Tunggul Ametung.<ref name="Coedes">{{Cite book
| last = Cœdès
| first = George
| author-link = Georges Coedès
| title = The Indianized states of Southeast Asia
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press
| year = 1968
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC
| isbn =9780824803681 }}</ref>{{rp|185–187}} Ken Arok's son [[Panji Tohjaya]] assassinated Anusapati, but he in turn reigned only a few months in 1248 before his nephews revolted. These two, Ranga Wuni and Mahisha Champaka, ruled together under the names Vishnuvardhana and Narasimhamurti.<ref name="Coedes" />{{rp|188}}

==Expansion==
In the year 1275, King [[Kertanegara]], the fifth ruler of Singhasari who had been reigning since 1254, launched a naval campaign northward towards the weak remains of the [[Srivijaya]]<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|198}} in response to continuous Ceylon pirate raids and Chola kingdom's invasion from India which conquered Srivijaya's [[Kedah]] in 1025. The strongest of these Malaya kingdoms was [[Jambi]], which captured the Srivijaya capital in 1088, followed by the [[Melayu Kingdom|Dharmasraya Kingdom]], and the [[Temasek|Temasek Kingdom]] of Singapore.

The military force known as the [[Pamalayu expedition]] was led by Admiral Mahesa Anabrang (a.k.a. Adwaya Brahman) to the Malaya region, and was also intended to secure the Malayan strait, the ‘Maritime Silk Road’, against potential Mongol invasion and ferocious sea pirates. These Malayan kingdoms then pledged allegiance to the king. King Kertanegara had long wished to surpass Srivijaya as a regional maritime empire, controlling sea trade routes from China to India.

The Pamalayu expedition from 1275 to 1292, from the time of Singhasari to Majapahit, is chronicled in the Javanese scroll [[Nagarakrtagama]]. Singhasari's territory thus became Majapahit territory. In the year 1284, King Kertanegara led a hostile Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari kingdom's territory. The king also sent troops, expeditions, and envoys to other nearby kingdoms such as the Sunda-Galuh Kingdom, [[Old Pahang Kingdom|Pahang Kingdom]], Balakana Kingdom (Kalimantan/Borneo), and Gurun Kingdom (Maluku). He also established an alliance with the king of [[Champa]] (Vietnam).

King Kertanegara erased any Srivijayan influence from Java and Bali in 1290. However, the expansive campaigns exhausted most of the Kingdom's military forces and in the future would stir a murderous plot against the unsuspecting King Kertanegara.

==Conflict with the Mongols==
{{See also|Mongol invasion of Java}}
[[File:Museum für Indische Kunst Dahlem Berlin Mai 2006 042.jpg|thumb|180px|left|A ''[[mandala]]'' of Amoghapāśa from the Singhasari period]]
Singhasari, and its successor kingdom, Majapahit, were among the few kingdoms in Asia that were able to thwart an invasion by the [[Mongol]] horde by repelling a Mongol force in 1293. As the centre of the Malayan peninsula [[trade wind]]s, the rising power, influence, and wealth of the Javanese Singhasari empire came to the attention of [[Kublai Khan]] of the Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]] based in [[China]]. Moreover, Singhasari had allied with [[Champa]], another powerful state in the region. Both Java (Singhasari) and Champa were worried about Mongol expansion and raids against neighbouring states, such as [[Battle of Pagan|their raid of Bagan in Burma]].

Kublai Khan then sent emissaries demanding submission and tribute from Java. In 1280, Kublai Khan sent the first emissary to King [[Kertanegara]], demanding Singhasari's submission and tribute to the great Khan. The demand was refused. The next year in 1281, the Khan sent another envoy, demanding the same, which was refused again. Eight years later, in 1289, the last envoy was sent to demand the same, and King Kertanegara refused to pay tribute.<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|198}}[[File:Prajnaparamita Java Side Detail.JPG|thumb|180px|The serene beauty of [[Prajnaparamita]] statue found near Singhasari temple is believed to be the portrayal statue of Queen [[Ken Dedes]], wife of [[Ken Arok]] (the collection of [[National Museum of Indonesia]]).]]In the audition throne room of the Singhasari court, King Kertanegara humiliated the Khan's envoy by cutting and scarring the face of Meng Ki, one of the Mongols' envoys (some sources even state that the king cut the envoy's ear himself). The envoy returned to China with the answer – the scar – of the Javan king written on his face.

Enraged by this humiliation and the disgrace committed against his envoy and his patience, in late 1292 Kublai Khan sent 1,000 war [[Junk (ship)|junk]]s for a [[punitive expedition]] that arrived off the coast of [[Tuban]], Java in early 1293.

King Kertanegara, whose troops were now spread thin and located elsewhere, did not realize that a coup was being prepared by the former Kediri royal lineage.

==Fall of Singhasari==
[[File:Candi singosari.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Singhasari temple built as a mortuary temple to honour [[Kertanegara]], the last king of Singhasari.]]
In 1292, Regent [[Jayakatwang]], a [[vassal]] king from the [[Kingdom of Kediri|Kingdom of Daha (also known as Kediri or Gelang-gelang)]], prepared his army to conquer Singhasari and kill its king if possible, assisted by Arya Viraraja,<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|199}} a regent from Sumenep on the island of [[Madura]].

The Kediri (Gelang-gelang) army attacked Singhasari simultaneously from both north and south. The king only realized the invasion from the north and sent his son-in-law, [[Nararya Sanggramawijaya]], informally known as 'Raden Wijaya', northward to vanquish the rebellion. The northern attack was put at bay, but the southern attackers successfully remained undetected until they reached and sacked the unprepared capital city of Kutaraja. Jayakatwang usurped and killed Kertanagara during the [[Tantra]] sacred ceremony, thus bringing an end to the Singhasari kingdom.

Having learned of the fall of the Singhasari capital of Kutaraja due to Kediri's treachery, [[Raden Wijaya]] tried to defend Singhasari but failed. He and his three colleagues, Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi, went to exile in favour of the same regent (Bupati) Arya Wiraraja of Madura, Nambi's father, who then turned his back to Jayakatwang. With Arya Wiraraja's patronage, Raden Wijaya, pretending to submit to King Jayakatwang, won favour from the new monarch of Kediri, who permitted him to open a new settlement north of Mount Arjuna, the Tarik forest. In this wilderness, Wijaya found many bitter [[Aegle marmelos|Maja fruits]], so it was called Majapahit (literally meaning “bitter Maja”), the future capital of the empire.

==The beginning of Majapahit empire==
[[File:Singhasari.gif|thumb|180px|The land of Singhasari when at its peak during 1291{{Cn|date=November 2023}}]]
In early 1293, the [[Mongol invasion of Java|Mongol naval forces]] arrived on the north coast of Java (near [[Tuban]]) and on the [[Brantas River]] mouth to flank what they thought was Singhasari. Raden Wijaya found the opportunity to use the unsuspecting Mongols to overthrow Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya's army allied with the Mongols in March 1293 and a battle ensued between Mongol forces against Daha forces in the creek bed of Kali Mas River, a distributary of [[Brantas River]], which was followed by the battle of Mongol forces against Daha forces that attacked the Majapahit regional army led by Raden Wijaya. The Mongols then stormed Daha and [[Jayakatwang]] finally surrendered and was executed.

Once Jayakatwang was eliminated, Raden Vijaya then turned his troops on his former Mongol allies, forcing them to withdraw from the island of Java on 31 May 1293.<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|200–201}}

The victor, Prince Wijaya, son-in-law of [[Kertanegara]], the last Singhasari king, then ascended the throne as Kertajasa Jayawardhana, the first king of the great [[Majapahit Empire]], on 12 November 1293.

==Rulers of Singhasari==
[[File:Rajasa Dynasty.svg|thumb|220px|Genealogy diagram of Rajasa dynasty, the royal family of Singhasari and Majapahit. Rulers are highlighted with period of reign.]]
* [[Ken Arok]] 1222–1227<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|185–187}}
* [[Anusapati]] 1227–1248<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|187–188}}
* [[Panji Tohjaya]] 1248<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|188}}
* Vishnuvardhana-Narasimhamurti 1248–1268<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|188}}
* [[Kertanegara]] 1268–1292<ref name=Coedes/>{{rp|188}}

==Family Tree==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|Family Tree of Singhasari Kings}}

{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 |y|A02 |y|A03 |y|A04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=♀ Ken Umang|

A02='''[[Ken Arok|Sri Ranggah Rajasa]]''' (1) r. 1222-1227/47|boxstyle_A02=background-color:#FFFFE0; border-color:#FFD700|

A03=♀ [[Ken Dedes]]|

A04=Tunggul Ametung}}

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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Panji Tohjaya|Panji Tohjaya]]''' (3) r. 1248|boxstyle_A01=background-color:#FFFFE0; border-color:#FFD700|

A02=Mahisa Wong Teleng|

A03='''[[Anusapati|Bhatara Anusapati]]''' (2) r. 1227/47-1248|boxstyle_A03=background-color:#FFFFE0; border-color:#FFD700}}

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A01=Bhatara Narasinghamurti|

A02='''Jayawisnu wardhana''' (4) r. 1248-1268|boxstyle_A02=background-color:#FFFFE0; border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

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A01=Dyah Lembu Tal|

A02='''[[Kertanegara of Singhasari|Kertanagara]]''' (5) r. 1268-1292|boxstyle_A02=background-color:#FFFFE0; border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=''[[Majapahit#Family Tree|Majapahit Empire]]''|boxstyle_A01=border-width:0px}}

{{Tree chart/end}}

{{Chart bottom}}

==Contemporary inscriptions==
{{see also|Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malay world}}

===Gondang inscription===
The Gondang Inscription is an [[in-situ]] inscription dating back to the era of the Singhasari Kingdom which was only discovered in 2017 in the middle of rice fields in Rejoso Hamlet, Gondang Village, Gondang District, [[Mojokerto Regency]], [[East Java]]. The inscription was founded by local residents and was written in the [[Old Javanese language]] bearing the date 1197 [[Indian national calendar|Saka]] or 1275 AD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5042017/prasasti-gondang-bukti-kekuasaan-kerajaan-singasari-di-mojokerto?single=1| title=Prasasti Gondang, Bukti Kekuasaan Kerajaan Singasari di Mojokerto|author= Enggran Eko Budianto|language=Indonesian}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Indonesia}}
* [[List of monarchs of Java]]
* [[Kidal Temple]]
* [[Jago Temple]]
* [[Jawi Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Saidihardjo, Dr. M. Pd., A.M, Sardiman, Drs., ''[[:Image:Sejarah SMP 1 Saidihardjo Sardiman TS.jpg|Sejarah untuk SMP]]'', Tiga Serangkai, Solo, 1987, 4th reprint edition in 1990

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.eastjava.com/books/majapahit/html/dynasty.html The Origins of Rajasa Dynasty]
* [http://www.gimonca.com/sejarah/sejarah01.shtml Beginnings to 1500: The Old Kingdoms and the Coming of Islam], a timeline of Indonesian history

{{Precolonial states in Indonesia}}
{{Family trees}}
{{Empires}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord missing|Indonesia}}

[[Category:Singhasari| ]]
[[Category:Medieval Hindu kingdoms]]
[[Category:Precolonial states of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Family trees|Singhasari]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1290s]]

Narakodur

2025-11-29T05:42:45Z

MDPOliva97: starting some stub from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narakoduru
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:Narakoduru junction.jpg
| image_caption = Narakoduru road junction
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.226258|N|80.514671|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chebrolu mandal|Chebrolu]]
| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |accessdate=9 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archivedate=18 August 2017 |page=99 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Narakoduru [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part B) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=2 June 2019 |pages=14,414 |date=2011}}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 1209
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668648 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 6564
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522212
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–8644
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Narakoduru''' is a village in [[Guntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the headquarters of Bollapalle [[mandal]] in [[Tenali revenue division]]. It is located in [[Chebrolu mandal]] of [[Tenali revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== Geography ==

Narakodur is situated to the northwest of the mandal headquarters, [[Chebrolu, Guntur district|Chebrolu]],<ref name="village">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_A_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=4 June 2019 |pages=5,662–663 |date=2011}}</ref>
at {{Coord|16.226258|N|80.514671|E|}}. It is spread over an area of {{Convert|1209|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census" />

== Demographics ==
[[File:Pedda cheruvu at Narakoduru, Guntur district.jpg|thumb|A water pond known as Pedda Cheruvu in Narakoduru|left]]
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Narakodur had a population of 6,564 with 1800 households. The total population constitutes 3,250 males and 3,314 females —a sex ratio of 1020 females per 1000 males. 575 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 307 are boys and 268 are girls —a ratio of 873 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 72.32% with 4,331 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011)|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|publisher=Official Portal of Andhra Pradesh Government|accessdate=17 October 2014|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Governance ==

Narakodur [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref> The village forms a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]] and is under the jurisdiction of [[APCRDA]].<ref name="apcrda">{{cite web |title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region |url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |website=[[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]] |publisher=[[Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Andhra Pradesh]] |accessdate=14 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092238/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |archivedate=11 May 2019 |page=4 |url-status=dead |date=30 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Transport ==

Local transport include, city bus services operated by [[APSRTC]] from [[NTR bus station]] to [[Chebrolu, Guntur district|Chebrolu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Guntur still awaits city RTC services – Times of India|url=http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Guntur-still-awaits-city-RTC-services/articleshow/43761506.cms|accessdate=18 June 2016|work=The Times of India|date=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New fleet of city buses in Guntur|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-fleet-of-city-buses-in-guntur/article7560407.ece|accessdate=16 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=20 August 2015|location=Guntur}}</ref> The [[State Highway 48 (Andhra Pradesh)|State Highway 48]] passes through Narakodur, that connects [[Guntur]] and [[Chirala]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Samuel Jonathan|first1=P|title=Nizampatnam backwaters beckon adventure geeks|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nizampatnam-backwaters-beckon-adventure-geeks/article7736196.ece|accessdate=29 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 October 2015|location=Guntur}}</ref> [[Tenali]]–Narakodur road intersects [[Guntur]]–[[Chirala]] road at Narakodur junction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Existing State Highways |url=http://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DOWNLOADDOCUMENTS/STATE%20SH%20ROADS.pdf |website=Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=10 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122729/http://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DOWNLOADDOCUMENTS/STATE%20SH%20ROADS.pdf |archivedate=20 September 2018 |page=10 }}</ref> Rural roads connects the village with Ananthavarapadu, Gundavaram, Pathareddypalem and [[Vejendla]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Computerization of PR-Engineering Dept |url=http://predmis.ap.nic.in/GetMandalWiseMisRep.do?distCode=107&mandal=2064 |website=predmis.ap.nic.in |publisher=Panchayati Raj Engineering Department, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=10 May 2019 |date=10 May 2019}}</ref>

== Education ==

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 5 schools. These schools include 1 private school and 4 [[District Councils of India|Zilla]]/[[Mandal Parishad Primary School|Mandal Parishad schools]].<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416174708/https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Guntur district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Narakodur}}

{{Villages in Chebrolu mandal}}

[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

2019 Ponparappi violence

2025-10-26T00:19:18Z

MDPOliva97: made

{{short description|Anti-Dalit violence in Ponparappi, Tamil Nadu}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 2019 Ponparappi violence
| subtitle = Violence against Dalit community in Ponparappi, Tamil Nadu
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 18 April 2019
| place = [[Ponparappi]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates =
| causes = Caste tensions, Political tensions
| goals =
| methods = [[Riot]]ing, [[assault]]
| status =
| result =
| side1 =
| side2 =
| side3 =
| side4 =
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
| leadfigures3 =
| leadfigures4 =
| howmany1 =
| howmany2 =
| howmany3 =
| howmany4 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| casualties4 =
| fatalities =
| injuries = 18
| arrests =
| damage =*65-115 Dalit houses damaged
*25 Dalit houses completely damaged
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| effect =
| effect_label =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| sidebox =
}}
The '''2019 Ponparappi violence''' happened on April 18, 2019, during the polling day for the [[2019 Indian general election]] in the village of [[Ponparappi]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. The violence reportedly started as scuffles and agitations between the supporters of [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] (VCK) and the members of [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) together with the members of [[Hindu Munnani]], which reportedly led to violence by the members of the PMK on a Dalit colony. 60 to115 Dalit houses were damaged and Dalits were assaulted.

Tensions started during the polling for the 2019 Indian general election where some members of the Hindu Munnani reportedly broke a pot which is the election symbol of the VCK and when some members of the PMK reportedly prevented an elderly Dalit person to vote in the elections. These tensions led to scuffles and stone pelting between the two parties. Later a mob of 100 people reportedly belonging to the PMK went on to attack the Dalit colony damaging Dalit owned houses, house-hold items and vehicles and assaulted Dalit people including women and children. There were also reports of sexual abuse on Dalit women.<ref name=":3" />

The Study carried out by the [[Madras Institute of Development Studies]] (MIDS) blamed the Hindu Munnani and the PMK for the Violence. MIDS also reported that the attack was "pre-planned and murderous".

== Background ==
The village of [[Ponparappi]] is situated in the [[Ariyalur district]] of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The village had over 300 families belonging to the Dalit community and 1000 families belonging to the [[Vanniyar]] caste. The Dalits also had to cross into the area of the dominant caste Vanniyars for [[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swachh Bharat]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]] (MGNREGA) schemes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Attack on Dalits in Ponparappi was preconceived and murderous: MIDS study|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/may/10/attack-on-dalits-in-ponparappi-was-preconceived-and-murderous-mids-study-1974827.html|access-date=2020-09-06|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

The popularity of the Hindu Munnani, a [[Hindutva]] outfit, had grown among the dominant caste Vanniyars owing to the presence of [[Christians]] among the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] population.<ref name=":0" />

=== Election violations ===
Frequent violent incidents, repeated casting of votes, mass deletion of names of voters and such were recorded on polling day from several parts of the State. In the [[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri lok sabha constituency]]'s Nathamedu village in [[Pappireddipatti]], men reportedly belong to the PMK were seen casting fraudulent votes. A security officer of the CISF at Keezhvisharam in [[Vellore]] fired shots in the air to break two different groups of party members engaging in fist fights.<ref name=":1" />

== Tensions ==
Tensions reportedly began when some people belonging to VCK tried to prevent an elderly person to vote, the person voted with the help of the police and when members of the Hindu Munnani shattered an earthen pot under alcoholic influence at the front of the panchyat office where the polling took place for the [[2019 Indian general election]]. The earthen pot was the election symbol of the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi. MIDS blamed PMK that it spread a rumor that a Dalit youth assaulted a disabled Vanniyar man, who used to sell alcohol in the region.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-05-10|title=Fact-finding team blames PMK for Ponparappi violence|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/05/10025102/1117620/Factfinding-team-blames-PMK-for-Ponparappi-violence.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122111458/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/05/10025102/1117620/Factfinding-team-blames-PMK-for-Ponparappi-violence.vpf |archive-date=2021-11-22 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=dtNext.in|language=en}}</ref> The animosity between the two parties intensified, leading to scuffles, stone pelting and damaging of the VCK party flag on the road side.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2019-04-25|title=Simmering animosity led to attack on SCs in Ponparappi: fact finding team|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/simmering-animosity-led-to-attack-on-scs-in-ponparappi-fact-finding-team/article26943497.ece|access-date=2020-09-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title=Police security beefed up in Ponparappi, but Dalits fear escalation of tension|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/apr/20/police-security-beefed-up-in-ponparappi-but-dalits-fear-escalation-of-tension-1966643.html|access-date=2020-09-06|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Rajasekaran|first=Ilangovan|date=|title=Dalits in Tamil Nadu village attacked for voting in election|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/incoming/article26899140.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074655/https://frontline.thehindu.com/incoming/article26899140.ece |archive-date=2020-08-13 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=Frontline - The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>

== Attacks ==
The attacks started in April 2018 when a mob of about 100 dominant caste members, reportedly belonging the PMK party, an ally of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), entered the Dalit colony on the polling day of the 2019 Indian general election and went on a rampage attacking the Dalits including the children and women and damaging motor bikes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaisankar|first=C.|date=2019-04-23|title=Violence-hit Ponparappi limps back to normality|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/violence-hit-ponparappi-limps-back-to-normality/article26915825.ece|access-date=2020-09-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=20 Dalit Homes Allegedly Attacked by PMK Workers in Ariyalur|url=https://www.newsclick.in/20-dalit-homes-allegedly-attacked-pmk-workers-ariyalur|access-date=2020-09-06|website=NewsClick|language=en}}</ref> The violence lasted for an hour and left 2 Vanniyars and 16 Dalits injured. Nearly 65 houses and 12 two-wheelers were reportedly damaged as per initial reports.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ravishankar|first=Sandhya|title=How WhatsApp Facilitated Serial Caste Clashes In Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thelede.in/society/2019/05/06/how-whatsapp-facilitated-serial-caste-clashes-in-tamil-nadu|access-date=2020-09-06|website=The Lede|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Police arrest 9 men for circulating offensive audio related to Ponparappi violence|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/police-arrest-9-men-circulating-offensive-audio-related-ponparappi-violence-100596|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424092156/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/police-arrest-9-men-circulating-offensive-audio-related-ponparappi-violence-100596 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

Over 100 people had abstained from voting as a result of the attack, though some Dalit students who graduated classes 10th and 12th did not go to get their certificates since their schools were located in the Vanniyar region.<ref name=":2" />

=== Investigations ===
The [[Madras Institute of Development Studies|Madras Institute of Developmental Studies]] (MIDS) carried out a study on April 25 which reported that the PMK and the Hindu Munnani were responsible for the attacks. The team also reported that the Dalit women were pulled out of their homes, and were verbally and sexually abused by the assailants. While women pleaded them to leave, the assailants proceeded to abuse the women.<ref name=":3" /> The team also termed the violence as "preconceived and murderous".<ref name=":2" />

Evidence, a rights organization based in [[Madurai]], which conducted an evaluation on the spot and reported that 115 houses had been damaged and 25 among them were completely damaged, 13 people were hospitalized and many sustained injuries to the head. The organization reported that the attackers have used [[Pejorative|derogatory]] language against women and victims. The founder of the organization, Kathir reported that the residents of the Dalit colony voted overwhelmingly for the VCK, which angered the PMK and led to the violence.<ref name=":1" /> The organization also requested to call the [[National Human Rights Commission of India]] (NHRC) instead of allowing the police to investigate the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TNN|first=|date=|title=Call for NHRC probe into poll day violence against dalits {{!}} Trichy News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/call-for-nhrc-probe-into-poll-day-violence-against-dalits/articleshow/69436411.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117134822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/call-for-nhrc-probe-into-poll-day-violence-against-dalits/articleshow/69436411.cms |archive-date=2020-01-17 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Arrests ==
25 cases were filed against the members of the Hindu Munnani and the PMK by the police which included a member of the Hindu Munnani who was also accused in the [[2016 Ariyalur gang rape case]]. The police also filed 24 cases against the Dalits as counter FIR's to force them to come into terms.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaisankar|first=C.|date=2019-04-21|title=12 held for attack on Dalits in Ponparappi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/12-held-for-attack-on-dalits-in-ponparappi/article26901156.ece|access-date=2020-09-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkatesh|first=M. R.|date=2019-04-22|title=Post-poll scene in Tamil Nadu, a mirror to recurring caste-based violence|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/220419/post-poll-scene-in-tamil-nadu-a-mirror-to-recurring-caste-based-viole.html|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>

After the violence 9 men belonging to the VCK were also arrested for circulating offensive audio related to the violence.<ref name=":5" />

== Political reactions ==
The fact-finding team of the Tamil Nadu state unit of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] SC and ST cell reported that the police officers stayed as a silent spectator as of the dominant caste group targeted Dalits and their properties.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TNN|first=|date=Apr 25, 2019|title=Police were mute witness to Ponparappi incident: Congress {{!}} Trichy News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/police-were-mute-witness-to-ponparappi-incident-cong/articleshow/69033171.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023004402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/police-were-mute-witness-to-ponparappi-incident-cong/articleshow/69033171.cms |archive-date=2019-10-23 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> They also claimed that the PMK and the Hindu Munnani were responsible for the violence.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=2019-04-24|title=Congress fact-finding team blames PMK for Ponparappi clash|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/congress-fact-finding-team-blames-pmk-for-ponparappi-clash/article26926227.ece|access-date=2020-09-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Party's general secretary [[K. Jeyakumar]], said that violence happens only in the areas where the PMK is in the majority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=''பாமகவினர் அதிகம் உள்ள இடங்களில்தான் வன்முறை நடக்கிறது'' - கே.ஜெயக்குமார் காட்டம்!!|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil/violence-happening-where-large-number-of-pmk-party-workers-after-visit-ponparappi-village-tn-congres-2026106|access-date=2020-09-06|website=NDTV.com|language=ta}}</ref>

The [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munnetra kazhagam]] (AMMK) general secretary [[TTV Dhinakaran|TTV Dinakaran]] also blamed the police for failing to prevent the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-04-21|title=Cong, CPM, TTV blame police for Ariyalur violence|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/04/21033944/1115046/Cong-CPM-TTV-blame-police-for-Ariyalur-violence.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023349/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/04/21033944/1115046/Cong-CPM-TTV-blame-police-for-Ariyalur-violence.vpf |archive-date=2020-11-12 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=dtNext.in|language=en}}</ref>

The PMK asserted that the conflict on the day of polling was staged by the VCK to frame the PMK.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-04-24|title=VCK fearing defeat blaming us, says PMK|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/04/24035510/1115458/VCK-fearing-defeat-blaming-us-says-PMK.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927092708/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/04/24035510/1115458/VCK-fearing-defeat-blaming-us-says-PMK.vpf |archive-date=2021-09-27 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=dtNext.in|language=en}}</ref>

[[M. K. Stalin|M K Stalin]], the president of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|Dravida Munnetra Kazhgam]] condemned the violence and also urged the Chief Electoral Officer and DGP for Election to take measures to develop the people into fraternity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MK Stalin condemns attack, other incidents on election day|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/apr/20/stalin-condemns-attack-other-incidents-on-election-day-1966642.html|access-date=2020-09-06|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=வீடுகளை உடைக்கும் பழக்கத்திற்கு மீண்டும் தூபம்-பொன்பரப்பி சம்பவத்திற்கு ஸ்டாலின் கண்டனம்|url=https://www.kalaignarseithigal.com/m-k-stalin/2019/04/19/mkstalin-condemns-violence-against-dalits-in-ariyalur-district-ponparappi|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Kalaignar Seithigal}}</ref>

[[Thol. Thirumavalavan|Thol Thirumavalavan]], the leader of the VCK blamed the PMK and the Hindu Munnani for the violence and also said that the AIADMK and BJP have unleashed violence in various places for fear of losing the elections in Tamil Nadu. In particular, the PMK is inciting caste-based violence to win the polls.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hemavandhana|first=|date=2019-04-19|title=பாமக போல சாதி கட்சிகள் இருந்தால் சமூக ஒற்றுமை எப்படி ஏற்படும்.. திருமா கேள்வி|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/thanjavur/thirumavalavan-says-about-ponparappi-violence-347434.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419110256/https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/thanjavur/thirumavalavan-says-about-ponparappi-violence-347434.html |archive-date=2019-04-19 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=OneIndia|language=ta}}</ref> He also stated that he would seek for a re-poll and said that 150 homes were damaged during the violence.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=2019-04-22|title=It is my duty to liberate Vanniyars from PMK’s clutches: VCK leader|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/it-is-my-duty-to-liberate-vanniyars-from-pmks-clutches-vck-leader/article26906273.ece|access-date=2020-09-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="newindianexpress.com"/> He also said that the police remained as a mute spectators.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mariappan|first=Julie|date=|title=Why didn't police fire in air to drive away rampaging mob: VCK chief Thol Thirumavalavan {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/why-didnt-police-fire-in-air-to-drive-away-rampaging-mob-vck-chief-thol-thirumavalavan/articleshow/68974658.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205190304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/why-didnt-police-fire-in-air-to-drive-away-rampaging-mob-vck-chief-thol-thirumavalavan/articleshow/68974658.cms |archive-date=2019-12-05 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

[[Vaiko]] of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] condemned the violence and also blamed the police for failing to stop the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-20|title=பொன்பரப்பி வன்முறை சம்பவம்: டாக்டர் ராமதாஸ், வைகோ கண்டனம்|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/2019/04/20025412/The-Ponparappi-violence-incident-Dr-Ramadoss-Vaiko.vpf|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Dailythanthi.com}}</ref>

[[Kamal Haasan]] compared the violence with his delayed drama ''[[Marudhanayagam]]'' which talks about caste violence 300 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-21|title=Kamal Haasan tweet points to shameful caste violence|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/210419/kamal-haasan-tweet-points-to-shameful-caste-violence.html|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> He also said that the violence is a shame to the entire Tamil race.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Veerakumar|first=|date=2019-04-20|title=பொன்பரப்பி சம்பவங்கள், தமிழ் இனத்திற்கே பெரும் அவமானம்.. கமல்ஹாசன் கடும் கோபம்|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/kamal-haasan-condemn-ponparappi-violence-347513.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421174820/https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/kamal-haasan-condemn-ponparappi-violence-347513.html |archive-date=2019-04-21 |access-date=2020-09-06|website=OneIndia|language=ta}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2004 Kalapatti violence]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://frontline.thehindu.com/incoming/article26899140.ece Dalits in Tamil Nadu village attacked for voting in election - Frontline The Hindu]

{{Riots in India}}

[[Category:Ariyalur district]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2010s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:April 2019 in India]]

High Commission of the United Kingdom, New Delhi

2025-09-09T06:24:57Z

MDPOliva97: new new data

{{Short description|Diplomatic mission in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox diplomatic mission
|name = High Commission of the United Kingdom, New Delhi
|image =
|address = [[Shantipath]], [[Chanakyapuri]], [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
|location =
| coordinates = {{coord|28|35|51.76|N|77|11|35.16|E|type:city_region:DE-RP|display=inline,title}}
|high_commissioner = [[Lindy Cameron]]
|website = {{Official|https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-new-delhi}}
}}

The '''High Commission of the United Kingdom in New Delhi''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of the [[United Kingdom]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=British High Commission New Delhi|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-high-commission-new-delhi|website=Gov.uk|publisher=British Government|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> It is located at [[Shantipath]] in [[Chanakyapuri]].

The British High Commission in New Delhi covers consular services for [[Northern India]], namely, [[Delhi]] and the states of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Uttarakhand]]. The High Commission has regional offices, the [[Deputy High Commission]]s, at [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], and [[Mumbai]]. The Deputy High Commission at [[Bangalore]] falls under the [[British Deputy High Commission Chennai|Chennai division]].

==Departments==

The various departments of the High Commission are as follows:<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Our High Commission
| publisher = UK in India
| date =
| url = http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/our-high-Commission/
| format =
| doi =
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012
| archive-date = 22 January 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120122015257/http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/our-high-Commission/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

*'''British Council Division:''' The British Council is responsible for activities in education, [[English language]], governance, science and the arts. The council has its offices in New Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai. The council also manages the British Libraries which are located in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, and Pune, in addition to the four major metros.<ref>{{cite web| title =Who we are| publisher =British Council| url =http://www.britishcouncil.org/india-who-we-are.htm| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20020917032530/http://www1.britishcouncil.org/india-who-we-are.htm| url-status =dead| archive-date =17 September 2002| access-date =25 Jan 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = British library to come up in Chandigarh
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = 1 February 2004
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-02-01/news/27370710_1_british-library-british-council-british-high-commissioner
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015418/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-02-01/news/27370710_1_british-library-british-council-british-high-commissioner
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 March 2016
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012}}
</ref>
*'''British High Commission Offices:''' The High Commission offices are located at [[New Delhi]], [[Chennai]], [[Kolkata]], and [[Mumbai]]. It also has an office at [[Bangalore]] covered by the [[British Deputy High Commission Chennai|Deputy High Commission]] at Chennai.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Bangalore Location and Access
| publisher = UK in India
| date =
| url = http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/Bangalore-location-access/
| format =
| doi =
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012
| archive-date = 1 January 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120101203546/http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/Bangalore-location-access
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
*'''British Trade Offices:''' The Trade offices are located at [[Ahmedabad]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Chandigarh]], and [[Pune]].
*'''[https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-high-commission-new-delhi British Nationals Services]:''' Urgent assistance, apply or renewal of passport
*'''Business Information Centres:''' These are located at [[Bhopal]] and [[Bhubaneshwar]].
*'''Consular Department:''' This provides consular assistance and protection for British citizens. It also issues passports. The Commission also has a consular office at [[Goa]].
*'''Defence Department:''' This department is responsible for all aspects of the defence relationship between the United Kingdom and India.
*'''Department for International Development (DFID):''' It is responsible for implementing the United Kingdom's development assistance programme. Its priority is to work with the Government of India towards the elimination of poverty in India. DFID also has its offices in New Delhi, [[Bhopal]], [[Bhubaneshwar]], Hyderabad, and Kolkata.
*'''FCO Programme Funding Department:''' The programme fund was established in 2003 to support the United Kingdom's international goals.
*'''Management Department:''' This is responsible for all personnel and financial resources and provides support to all frontline departments.
*'''Political Department:''' The Political Department is responsible for political relations between the governments of the United Kingdom and India.
*'''Press and Communications Department:''' This is responsible for presenting and promoting the British Government policy in India.
*'''Trade and Investment Section:''' The Trade and Investment Section is the trade and investment promotion vehicle of the U.K. government which also responsible for trade policy and economic relations.
*'''Visa Department:''' This department is responsible for providing [[Visa (document)|visa]] and entry clearance services for travelling to the United Kingdom. In 2003, the High Commission outsourced its visa services to Visa Facilitation Services, a private service provider with offices at New Delhi, [[Jalandhar]], Chandigarh, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Pune.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = UK visas to cost more, process privatised
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location = New Delhi
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 2 February 2003
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-02-02/news/27542873_1_uk-visas-visa-facilitation-services-chris-dix
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014921/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-02-02/news/27542873_1_uk-visas-visa-facilitation-services-chris-dix
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 March 2016
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = Kumar
| first = Rahul
| title = UK visa centre in Jalandhar
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location = Jalandhar
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 22 October 2002
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-10-22/news/27355776_1_uk-visa-visa-application-centre-india-uk
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052013/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-10-22/news/27355776_1_uk-visa-visa-application-centre-india-uk
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 March 2016
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012}}</ref> All applications are assessed at the British High Commission in New Delhi or the Deputy High Commissions in Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Kumar
| first = Rahul
| title = Smooth passage for students to UK
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location = Chandigarh
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 3 April 2007
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-04-03/news-by-industry/28394515_1_applications-visas-british-high-commission
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151026135114/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-04-03/news-by-industry/28394515_1_applications-visas-british-high-commission
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 October 2015
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012}}</ref>

In 2010, the British High Commission launched its [[Hindi]] website.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = British High Commission launches Hindi website
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 31 March 2010
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-03-31/news/27630086_1_website-digital-diplomacy-hope
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103085052/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-03-31/news/27630086_1_website-digital-diplomacy-hope
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 January 2013
| access-date = 25 Jan 2012}}
</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of high commissioners of the United Kingdom to India]]
* [[India–United Kingdom relations]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in India]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/world/india Official website of the British High Commission New Delhi]

{{UK diplomatic missions}}
{{Diplomatic missions in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in New Delhi|United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom|New Delhi]]
[[Category:India and the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom relations]]

India at the 2025 World Games

2025-08-20T17:05:28Z

MDPOliva97:

{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NPC =
| IAAF =
| CGA =
| NF =
| country = India
| year = 2025
| games = World Games
| games_link =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| alt =
| oldcode =
| NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| NPCname =
| CGAname =
| NFname =
| fedname =
| website =
| location = [[Chengdu]], [[China]]
| start_date = {{Start date|2025|8|7|df=y}}
| end_date = {{End date|2025|8|17|df=y}}
| date =
| competitors = 17
| competitors_men = 10
| competitors_women = 7
| sports = 5
| events = 19
| flagbearer =
| flagbearer_open =
| flagbearer_close =
| coaches =
| officials =
| rank = 65
| gold = 0
| silver = 1
| bronze = 2
| appearances =
| app_begin_year =
| app_interval =
| summerappearances =
| winterappearances =
| youthappearances =
| seealso =
| previous =
| next =
}}

'''India''' competed at the '''[[2025 World Games]]''' held in [[Chengdu]], [[China]] from 7 to 17 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theworldgames.org/editions/Chengdu-CHN-2025-14/qualifications/by-sport|title=Qualifications for TWG 2025 by sport, Chengdu (CHN)|date=2 November 2023 |publisher=theworldgames|accessdate=2025-05-23}}</ref>

Athletes representing India won one silver medal and two bronze medals. The country finished in 65th place in the medal table

==Medalists==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Medal
! Name
! Sport
! Event
! Date
|-
| {{bronze medal}} || [[Rishabh Yadav]] || [[Archery at the 2025 World Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2025 World Games – Men's individual compound|Men's individual compound]] || {{dts|9 August}}
|-
| {{silver medal}} || [[Namrata Batra]] || [[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Wushu]] || [[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Women's sanda 52 kg]] || {{dts|12 August}}
|-
| {{bronze medal}} || [[Anandkumar Velkumar]] || [[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Track speed skating]] || [[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 1,000 m sprint]] || {{dts|15 August}}
|}

==Competitors==
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theworldgames.org/editions/Chengdu-CHN-2025-14/qualifications/by-country#NRU|title=Qualifications for TWG 2025 by country, Chengdu (CHN)|date=3 November 2023 |publisher=theworldgames|accessdate=2025-05-25}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=180|Sport
! width=55|Men
! width=55|Women
! width=55|Total
|-
| align=left|[[Archery at the 2025 World Games|Archery]]
| 3 || 2 || 5
|-
| align=left|[[Billards at the 2025 World Games|Billards]]
| 3 || 1 || 4
|-
| align=left|[[Racquetball at the 2025 World Games|Racquetball]]
| 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| align=left|[[Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Road speed skating]]<hr/>[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Track speed skating]]
| 2 || 1 || 3
|-
| align=left|[[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Wushu]]
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! Total || 10 || 7 || 17
|}

==Archery==
{{Main|Archery at the 2025 World Games}}
; Compound – Men
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
|710
|5
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagicon|PUR}}[[Jean Pizarro|Pizarro]] '''W'''149-143
|{{flagicon|USA}}[[Sawyer Sullivan|Sullivan]] '''W'''148-145
|{{flagicon|NED}}[[Mike Schloesser|Schloesser]] '''L'''145-148
|{{flagicon|IND}}[[Rishabh Yadav|Yadav]] '''L'''147-149
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rishabh Yadav]]
|707
|10
|{{flagicon|NZL}}[[Riku van Tonder|Van Tonder]] '''W'''150-147
|{{flagicon|GUA}}[[Julio Barillas|Barillas]] '''W'''147-143
|{{flagicon|TUR}}[[Yağız Sezgin|Sezgin]] '''W'''147-145
|{{flagicon|USA}}[[Curtis Broadnax|Broadnax]] '''L'''145-147
|{{flagicon|IND}}[[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Verma]] '''W'''149-147
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]
|699
|19
|{{flagicon|TUR}}[[Batuhan Akçaoğlu|Akçaoğlu]] '''L'''146-147
|Colspan=4|did not advance
|
|}
; Compound – Women
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Madhura Dhamangaonkar]]
|705
|3
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagicon|IRN}}[[Geesa Bybordy|Bybordy]] '''W'''141-136
|{{flagicon|EST}}[[Lisell Jäätma|Jäätma]] '''L'''145-149
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Parneet Kaur]]
|695
|12
|{{flagicon|RSA}}[[Jeanine van Kradenburg|Van Kradenburg]] '''W'''144-141
|{{flagicon|MEX}}[[Mariana Bernal|Bernal]] '''W'''10+145-14510
|{{flagicon|COL}}[[Alejandra Usquiano|Usquiano]] '''L'''140-145
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|}
; Compound – Mixed team
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Madhura Dhamangaonkar]] [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
|1415
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagicon|KOR}}[[South Korea]] '''L'''151-154
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|}

==Billiards==
{{Main|Billiards at the 2025 World Games}}

{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Shivam Arora]]
|align=left|[[Pool at the 2025 World Games|Heyball]]
|{{flagicon|SWE}}[[Kevin Zarekani|Zarekani]] '''W''' 5-1
|{{flagicon|HKG}}[[Yip Kin Ling|Yip]] '''W''' 5-4
|{{flagicon|CHN}}[[Zhang Taiyi|Zhang]] '''L''' 3-5
|{{flagicon|CHN}}[[Tang Chunxiao|Tang]] '''L''' 4-5
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Sourav Kothari]]
|align=left|[[Snooker at the 2025 World Games|Men's 15 reds]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagicon|CHN}}[[Xiao Guodong|Xiao]] '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=2|did not advance
|
|-
|align=left|[[Kamal Chawla]]
|align=left|[[Snooker at the 2025 World Games|Men's 15 reds]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|-
|align=left|[[Natasha Chethan]]
|align=left|[[Snooker at the 2025 World Games|Women's 6 reds]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|}

==Racquetball==
{{Main|Racquetball at the 2025 World Games}}

{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Kosetty Jyotheekalyan]]
|align=left|[[Racquetball at the 2025 World Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|{{flagicon|JPN}}[[Kono Michimune|Kono]] '''L''' 0-3
|Colspan=3|did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Shilpa Dalvi]]
|align=left|[[Racquetball at the 2025 World Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|{{flagicon|ARG}}[[Maria Jose Vargas Parada|Vargas Parada]] '''L''' 0-3
|Colspan=3|did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Kosetty Jyotheekalyan]] [[Shilpa Dalvi]]
|align=left|[[Racquetball at the 2025 World Games – Double's|Double]]
|{{flagicon|MEX}}[[Mexico]] '''L''' 0-3
|Colspan=3|did not advance
|
|}

==Road speed skating==
{{Main|Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games}}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan=2|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aryanpal Singh Ghuman]]
|align=left|[[Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 1 lap]]
|33.906
|3 '''Q'''
|34.818
|4 '''FB'''
|35.204
|8
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aryanpal Singh Ghuman]]
|align=left|[[Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 100 m sprint]]
|10.617
|3
|colspan=3|Did not advance
|14
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Anandkumar Velkumar]]
|align=left|[[Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 10,000 m point race]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|16:31.690
|12
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Anandkumar Velkumar]]
|align=left|[[Road speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 15,000 m elimination race]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|7
|}

==Track speed skating==
{{Main|Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games}}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan=2|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aryanpal Singh Ghuman]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 200 m time trial]]
|17.818
|8 '''Q'''
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|17.664
|4
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aryanpal Singh Ghuman]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 500 m sprint]]
|42.758
|5
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|Did not advance
|12
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aryanpal Singh Ghuman]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 1,000 m sprint]]
|1:21.434
|5 '''Q'''
|1:20.864
|7
|Did not advance
|11
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Anandkumar Velkumar]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 5,000 m elimination race]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|7:13.583
|11
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Anandkumar Velkumar]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 1,000 m sprint]]
|1:22.151
|3 '''Q'''
|1:20.355
|2 '''Q'''
|1:22.482
|{{bronze3}}
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Anandkumar Velkumar]]
|align=left|[[Track speed skating at the 2025 World Games|Men's 10,000 m elimination race]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|9
|}

==Wushu==
{{Main|Wushu at the 2025 World Games}}

{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Namrata Batra]]
|align=left|[[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Sanda Women's 52 kg]]
|{{flagicon|LBN}}[[Barbara El Rassi|El Rassi]] '''WBR''' 2-0
|{{flagicon|PHI}}[[Krizan Faith Collado|Collado]] '''WBR''' 2-0
|{{flagicon|CHN}}[[Chen Mengyue|Chen]] '''LBR''' 0-2
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Roshibina Devi Naorem]]
|align=left|[[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Sanda Women's 60 kg]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}}[[Li Zhiqin|Li]] '''LBR''' 1-2
|Colspan=2|Did not advance
|
|-
|align=left|[[Abhishek Jamwal]]
|align=left|[[Wushu at the 2025 World Games|Sanda Men's 56 kg]]
|{{flagicon|KAZ}}[[Islam Karimov (martial arts)|Karimov]] '''LIS'''
|Colspan=2|Did not advance
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the 2025 World Games}}
[[Category:Nations at the 2025 World Games]]
[[Category:India at the World Games|2025]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian sport|World Games]]

Silambu Express

2025-07-19T08:34:09Z

MDPOliva97: new new article - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Silambu Superfast Express
| image= Silambu Express Name Board.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| caption = Silambu Express at Chennai Egmore.
| type = Super Fast train
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first ={{Start date|df=yes|2013|06|22}}
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}}
| stops = 21
| end = {{stnlnk|Sengottai}}
| distance = {{convert|683|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12 hours 20 mins
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = AC First, AC Two Tier, AC Three Tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering =
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment = No
| baggage =
| otherfacilities=
| stock =
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =Partially electrified (till Virudhunagar Junction)
| trainnumber = 20681 / 20682
| routenumber = 8 / 8A<ref name=timetable>{{cite web|title=Time Table of Chennai Egmore - Rameswaram (Main Line)|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1375157384199-Table_1-10_Pages%2051-112_SRS.pdf|work=[[Indian Railways]]|publisher=[[Southern Railway zone]]|access-date=2 February 2014|pages=43{{ndash}}44 (93{{ndash}}94)}}</ref>
|maintenance=Tambaram Railway Yard| speed = {{convert|52.5|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts
|sharing=Tambaram Nagercoil Triweekly Express| map = [[File:Silambu Express (Chennai - Manmadurai) Route map.png|thumb|320px|Silambu Express Route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The '''Silambu Super fast Express''' (20681/20682) is a train that runs between {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}} and {{stnlnk|Sengottai}} via {{stnlnk|Karaikkudi Junction}}. Initially it ran up to [[Manamadurai]], later it was extended up to [[Sengottai]].<ref>Rail news http://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=5767</ref> It was the only train in Indian Railways where LHB rakes were replaced by [[ICF coach]]es again. According to IR if a train gets new LHB coaches it won't be converted to ICF. But this train was again replaced with ICF coaches after getting new LHB rakes.

==History ==
[[File:Silambu Express LHB coaches halted at Manamadurai.jpg|thumb|Chennai Egmore - Manamadurai Jn. Silambu Express [[LHB coach]]es halted at Manamadurai Junction]]

[[File:Manamadurai Silambu Express at Chennai Egmore.jpg|thumb|2nd set of brand new LHB coaches was received by Southern Railway for 16181/16182 Silambu Express]]

[[File:SILAMBU EXPRESS.jpg|thumb|Chennai Egmore - Manamadurai Jn. Silambu Express halted at Manamadurai Junction]]

[[File:Manamadurai Chennai Silambu Express.jpg|thumb|Manamadurai Chennai Silambu Express 2nd platform of Manamadurai Jn.]]

The name of the train commemorates [[Kannagi]], a legendary Tamil woman who is the protagonist of the South Indian epic ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'' (100–300 CE) who used her ''silambu'' (anklet) to prove her husband Kovalan's innocence, who was executed by the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] king.It is a standard train consisting of commercial coaches. The train operates tri-weekly in each direction and covers a distance of 683 km. Initially, the train was announced between Chennai Egmore and Karaikudi Junction but due to public demand it started its Maiden Run until [[Manamadurai Junction railway station|Manamadurai]] via [[Sivaganga railway station|Sivagangai]] Instead of Terminating at [[Karaikkudi Junction railway station|Karaikudi Junction]]. From 04/03/2017 onwards this train was further extended to [[Sengottai railway station|Sengottai]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Finally, Silambu Express to go up to Sengottai - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/finally-silambu-express-to-go-up-to-sengottai/articleshow/57471618.cms|access-date=2020-12-17|website=The Times of India|date=5 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> via [[Aruppukkottai railway station|Aruppukkottai]], [[Virudhunagar Junction railway station|Virudhunagar Junction]], [[Sivakasi railway station|Sivakasi]], [[Tenkasi Junction railway station|Tenkasi Junction]]. The Silambu Express was announced in the [[Railway Budget]] 2013 and the service started on 22 June 2013, extended to Sengottai from 5 Mar 2017.<ref>{{cite news | title=Silambu Express right on track | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/silambu-express-right-on-track/article4813058.ece | newspaper=The Hindu | date=14 June 2013 | access-date=23 January 2016 }}</ref> From 25 Feb 2019, the frequency of the service was increased from bi-weekly to tri-weekly.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-24|title=Silambu express becomes tri-weekly|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/silambu-express-becomes-tri-weekly/article26357651.ece|access-date=2020-12-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> From April 15, 2022, Chennai Egmore – Sengottai Silambu Express was converted to Superfast category with new number 20681 MS SCT Silambu Superfast Express and Sengottai - Chennai Egmore Silambu express with new number 20682.

==Coach composition==

At present,the train has 22 standard ICF utskrit coaches.

* 1 AC First Class Cum AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 4 AC Three Tier
* 11 Sleeper Class
* 4 General Unreserved
* 2 Luggage Cum Disabled Coaches.

Till November 2021, it has different coach composition.

* 1 AC First Class
* 1 AC Two Tier
* 2 Three Tier
* 8 Sleeper Class
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Luggage Cum Disabled Coach.

When it ran as with LHB coaches only for three trips in 2016, it had different coach composition.

* 1 AC First Class
* 1 AC Two Tier
* 3 AC Three Tier
* 9 Sleeper Class
* 7 General Unreserved
* 2 End On Generator Cars.

But due to replacement of ICF Coaches again it was replaced with new coach composition.

Till October 2017 from its introduction it ran with the following composition,

* 1 AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Three Tier
* 8 Sleeper Class
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Luggage Cum Disabled Coach

== See also ==
*[[Boat Mail]]
*[[Pothigai Superfast Express]]
*[[Rockfort Superfast Express]]
*[[Mannai Express]]
*[[Pallavan Superfast Express]]
*[[Sethu Express]]
*[[Cholan Express]]
*[[Uzhavan Express]]
*[[Vaigai Superfast Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Southern Railways - Official Website]
*[http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4868&did=148429564639155766D893527DB4DF7D5FD14713C1A14.web91 Southern Railway]
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Silambu Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Church, Karakunnam

2025-07-09T16:53:39Z

MDPOliva97: new a info - done

{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|1=Organizations|date=February 2025}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2025}}
}}
'''St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Church, Karakunnam''' is a prominent [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite]] [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syrian Orthodox church]] located atop a hill on the Muvattupuzha–Kothamangalam road, approximately three kilometers from [[Muvattupuzha]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The church holds significant historical, religious, and cultural importance in the [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Diocese of Angamaly|Angamaly Diocese]].{{Infobox church
| name = St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Church, Karakunnam
| image = Karakunnampally.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Marth Mariam Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Church, Karakunnam
| coordinates = {{coord|10.0024|N|76.6001|E|region:IN-KL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = Karakunnam, [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| denomination = [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite]] [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syrian Orthodox Church]]
| relics = Sacred remains of [[Saint George|Mor Geevarghese Sahado]], [[Cyricus and Julitta|Mor Kuriakose Sahado]], [[Mor Gabriel Monastery|Mor Shemuel Kadiso]]
| status = [[Cathedral]]
| diocese = [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Diocese of Angamaly|Angamaly Diocese]]
}}
== History ==

=== Early Establishment ===
The area where the church now stands was historically known as Perumattom. The name "Karakkunnam" is derived from the thorny herbs, like wild kara, that once grew there. The local Syrian Christian community, which engaged in agriculture and trade, desired a church to fulfill their spiritual needs. In response, they invited Church fathers from the [[St. George's Church, Kadamattom|Kadamattom Church]] to establish a place of worship.

A laterite cross was initially installed at Karakunnam by the priests from Kadamattom, and a ritual known as ''Thamukku'' was introduced. The ''Thamukku'' offering remains a central part of the annual celebration for the installation of the first cross at Karakkunnam, which takes place on the ''[[Vṛścika|Vrischikam]]'' tenth of the Malayalam calendar.

In the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam year]] 475, a church dedicated to the Holy Virgin Mary was built to the east of the original laterite cross. A seminary called Malpan Bhavanam was also established to the south of the church. The historical significance of the church was acknowledged by Paulinus, a priest who documented the church in his 1794 work ''India Orientalis Christian''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paulinus |url=https://archive.org/details/indiaorientalis00paulgoog |title=India Orientalis Christiana: continens fundationes ecclesiarum, scriem episcoporum, missiones ... |date=1794 |publisher=Typis Salomonianis |others=New York Public Library |language=Italian}}</ref>

=== Renovations and Significant Milestones ===
The original laterite cross was replaced with a stone cross made from rock in the 15th century. This stone cross remains in the church courtyard as a historical relic. At the same time, a chapel was constructed along the National Highway road.

On Vrischikam 20, 1752, the sacred remains of [[Saint George|Mor Geevarghese Sahado]], [[Cyricus and Julitta|Mor Kuriakose Sahado]], and [[Mor Gabriel Monastery|Mor Shemuel Kadiso]] were enshrined in the church, adding to its religious significance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karakunnam MorthMariam Jacobite Syrian Church |url=https://syriacchristianity.in/ch/KarakunnamChurch.htm |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=syriacchristianity.in}}</ref>

In 1965, the church underwent significant renovations. Geevarghese Mor Gregorious, Bishop of the Angamaly Diocese, laid the foundation stone for the new church building on November 25. The church was completed and consecrated by Catholicos [[Baselios Paulose II|Moran Mor Baselios Paulose II]] on November 28, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=St.Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral church, Karakkunam |url=http://stmaryskarakkunnam.com/history.php |access-date=2024-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825215653/http://stmaryskarakkunnam.com/history.php |archive-date=2018-08-25 }}</ref>

In 1982, [[Ignatius Zakka I|Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I]], the Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, visited the church during his Apostolic visit to Malankara and bestowed his benediction upon the church.
[[File:Karakunnam jacobite church.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Church before renovation]]

=== Modern Developments ===
On January 12, 2013, St. Mary's Church Karakkunnam was elevated to the status of a [[Cathedral]] by [[Ignatius Zakka I|Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas]] the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Patriarch of Antioch]]. The Muvattupuzha area office of the Angamaly Diocese now operates from this church. The administration of the church is managed by His Grace [[Anthimos Mathews|Dr. Mathews Mor Antimose]], Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Diocese of Angamaly|Angamaly Diocese]].

== Altars ==
The altars in the church are dedicated to the blessed [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Holy Virgin Mary]], [[Saint Peter]], and [[Saint Paul]].

== Feasts ==
The church's most significant festivals are celebrated on 15 August, commemorating the Ascension of St. Mary, and on 28 November, marking the Foundation Day.

== Role in the Diocese ==
St. Mary's Church Karakkunnam serves as the [[Mother church|Mother Church]] for several other churches in the region, including:

* Mulavoor St. Mary's Church
* Kalamboore St. Mary's Church
* Vazhappilly St. Mary's Church
* Karimattom St. Mary's Church
* Karakunnam St. Mary's Catholic Church
* Mor Gregorious Kurisupally at Puthuppady

The church operates according to a statute passed on April 22, 1980, and its parishioners maintain a strong commitment to the faith, with full allegiance to the '''[[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Antioch Throne of St. Peter]]'''.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300" heights="250">
File:Altar karakunnam church.jpg|[[Altar]] of church
File:The chapel of Marth Mariam church karakunnam.jpg|alt=|The chapel where the Holy relics of Mor [[Saint George|Geevarghese Sahado]], [[Cyricus and Julitta|Mor Kuriakose Sahado]] and [[Mor Gabriel Monastery|Mor Shemuel Kadiso]], established on [[Vṛścika|Vrschikam]] 20, 1720 AD
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />
{{Christianity in Kerala}}{{Church buildings in Kerala}}{{DEFAULTSORT:St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral Church, Karakunnam}}

[[Category:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]
[[Category:Churches in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Cathedrals in India]]

Bhede River

2025-07-01T18:42:54Z

MDPOliva97: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|River in Odisha, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

The '''Bhede River''' is a [[river]] in [[India]] and is a [[tributary]] of the [[Telen River]], which in turn is a tributary of the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]]. The Bhede is located in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha All Rivers List with Details |url=https://www.odia360.com/2017/08/odisha-all-rivers-list-with-details.html?m=1 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Odia360.Com, Odisha News,Biography,Odia new movie,Wallpapers,Odia song |language=en-us}}</ref>

Four instream storage structures were being built at Budharaja, Kirasasan, Saida and Gochhara in Kuchinda in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-01-14 |title=5T chairman attends Nua-O event reviews SAMALEI project |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Jan/14/5t-chairman-attends-nua-o-event-reviews-samalei-project-2650914.html |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references />{{Portal|India}}
{{clear}}

{{coord |21.788412| 83.977690|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]

{{India-river-stub}}
{{Orissa-geo-stub}}

National Highway 366 (India)

2025-05-14T14:14:19Z

MDPOliva97: minor cleanup

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{infobox road
|country=IND
|type=NH
|route= 366
|map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 366|text= Map of National Highway '''366''' in red}}
|map_custom = yes
|length_km=10
|direction=
|direction_a=
|terminus_a= [[Cortalim]]
|destinations= [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]]
|direction_b=
|terminus_b= [[Mormugao]]
|junction=
|states=
|previous_type=NH
|previous_route=66
|next_route =366
|next_type=NH
}}

'''National Highway 366''' ('''NH 366''') is a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in India.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002823/http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Highways in India}}
{{IND NH66 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Goa]]

Sachidanand Pandey

2025-04-04T01:06:40Z

MDPOliva97: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sachidanand Pandey
| image =
| country =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|7|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right arm medium
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 22 October 2016
| source = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1062345.html ESPNcricinfo]
}}

'''Sachidanand Pandey''' (born 1 July 1996) is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1062345.html |title=Sachidanand Pandey |accessdate=13 October 2016 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for [[Services cricket team|Services]] in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]] on 20 October 2016.<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053531.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group C: Goa v Services at Cuttack, Oct 20-23, 2016 |accessdate=22 October 2016 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Services in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 4 March 2017.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053845.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group D: Chhattisgarh v Services at Kolkata, Mar 4, 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2017 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for Services in the [[2017–18 Zonal T20 League]] on 13 January 2018.<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1130704.html |title=North Zone, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy at Delhi, Jan 13 2018 |accessdate=13 January 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=1062345}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Sachidanand}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Services cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Prayagraj]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1996-stub}}

Charles Ogilvie (civil servant)

2025-03-17T16:15:33Z

MDPOliva97: creating - done

{{Short description|British administrator in India and historian}}
'''Sir Charles MacIvor Grant Ogilvie''', [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India|CSI]], [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (6 May 1891 – 17 February 1967), also known as '''C. M. G. Ogilvie''', was a British administrator in India and historian. Described as "one of the most scholarly members of the [[Indian Civil Service]] of his day",<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=18 February 1967 |title=Sir Charles Ogilvie |pages=14 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> he served in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], then held the post of Secretary of the Defence Department of the Government of India from 1937 to 1945, throughout the [[Second World War]]. After the war, he retired from government service and became Lecturer in History at the [[University of St Andrews]] in 1945, retiring in 1956.

== Biography ==
The son of Alexander Grant Ogilvie and of Charlotte Ogilvie, Charles Ogilvie was educated at [[Bedford School]] and [[Exeter College, Oxford]].<ref name=":1">{{Who's Who|id=54163|title=Ogilvie, Sir Charles (MacIvor Grant)}}</ref> He joined the Indian Civil Service by examination in 1914 and arrived in India in December 1915.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=The India Office and Burma Office List 1945 |publisher=His Majesty's Stationery Office |year=1945 |edition=55 |publication-place=London |pages=289}}</ref> He was posted to the Punjab and held various district appointments, including Deputy Commissioner of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] in 1919. On two occasions in 1923, he officiated as Administrator of [[Nabha State]] during the minority of [[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi|Nawab Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan Siddiqui Pataudi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> From 1925 to 1928, he was Deputy Commissioner of the [[Lahore District]]. At Lahore, he came into contact with the [[Governor of the Punjab]], [[Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey|Sir Malcolm Hailey]], who encouraged his interest in historical research. He was appointed Senior Secretary to the Financial Commissioners in 1928 and Home Secretary to the Government of Punjab the following year.

Whilst on long leave in England, Ogilvie became a [[fellow commoner]] of [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]] in 1931, was elected an [[exhibitioner]] in 1932, and took [[first-class honours]] in the historical [[tripos]] of 1933.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> On his return, he resumed his post as Home Secretary, but became Financial Secretary in September 1933. His tenure was interrupted in 1934 when he was sent to Delhi as Joint Secretary in the Army Department to work on the reorganization of the Military Medical Services, after which he resumed his post in the Punjab.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In 1936, he attended the [[Imperial Defence College]] in England, and in 1937 he was appointed Defence Secretary of the Government of India. He held this post throughout the [[Second World War]] until 1945, when he returned to England on long leave, though he did not retire from ICS until 1947.

In 1945, he was appointed Lecturer in Modern History at the [[University of St Andrews]] in 1945, and retired in 1956.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Among his students was [[Elizabeth Alexandria Menzies]], one of the first women to obtain a PhD in History at St Andrews. In 1958, he published ''The King’s Government and the Common Law, 1471–1641''.

Ogilvie was appointed a CBE in 1928, CSI in 1941, and [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1944.

He married Gwladys Evelyn Mary Thomson (died 1956), daughter of G. F. Thomson of Bedford, in 1916; they had one son and three daughters.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogilvie, Charles}}
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:20th-century British historians]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:People educated at Bedford School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]

Saiyyada Shadab Fatima

2025-01-03T15:53:33Z

MDPOliva97: content update

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Saiyyada Shadab Fatima
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2007
| term_end = March 2012
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Vijay Kumar Mishra]], [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|
| constituency = [[Ghazipur Sadar (Assembly constituency)|Ghazipur Sadar]]
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Gangauli, [[Ghazipur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| spouse = Saiyad Nasim Haider
| father =
| children = Late Saiyad Kashif
| residence = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Social Worker]] and [[Politician]]
| profession = Business
| cabinet = Child Health and Women Welfare Ministry
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| constituency1 = [[Zahoorabad (Assembly constituency)|Zahoorabad]]
| termstart1 = 2012
| termend1 = 2017
| succeeded1 = [[Om Prakash Rajbhar]], [[Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party|SBSP]]
| preceded = Umashanker, [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| preceded1 = Kali Charan, [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| otherparty = *[[Samajwadi Party]] (2012-2017)
| office2 = [[Child Health]] and [[Women]] [[Welfare spending|Welfare]] [[Ministry (government department)|Ministry]]
}}

'''Syeda Shadab Fatima'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syeda Shadab Fatima(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- ZAHOORABAD (GHAZIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=470 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician. She was elected as the Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ghazipur Sadar (Assembly constituency)|Ghazipur Sadar Constituency]] from year 2007 on symbol of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and again from [[Zahoorabad (Assembly constituency)|Zahoorabad Constituency]] from year 2012 over [[Samajwadi Party]] symbol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/up2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=427|title=SAIYYADA SHADAB FATIMA (Pragati Sheel Samajwadi party (PSPL) )(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- GHAZIPUR(GHAZIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=myneta.info|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Syeda Shadab Fatima(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- ZAHOORABAD (GHAZIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=470|access-date=2021-09-23|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=यूपी चुनाव 2012: सपा उम्‍मीदवारों की सूची|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/sp-candidate-list-for-2012-up-election-114436-2012-02-03|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Aaj Tak|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=sarveshwari|title=सैय्यदा शादाब फातिमा ने सपा-बसपा गठबंधन पर बोला हमला, दिया विवादित बयान|url=https://m.patrika.com/ghazipur-news/syeda-shadab-fatima-attack-on-sp-bsp-alliance-contoversial-statement-4086036/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Patrika News|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Syeda Shadab Fatima Samajwadi Party Leader (SP) - MLA of Zahoorabad (Ghazipur)|url=https://indiavotekar.com/leader/syeda-shadab-fatima/|access-date=2021-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UP CM did what he felt right: Syeda Shadab post expulsion|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/up-cm-did-what-he-felt-right-syeda-shadab-post-expulsion|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.aninews.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=CM did what he felt right: Syeda Shadab post expulsionSuspended minister Syeda Shadab Fatima said that it was Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's prerogative to choose his Cabinet, adding he did what he felt was right."It is the right of a Chief {{!}} Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/cm-did-what-he-felt-right-syeda-shadab-post-expulsionsuspended-minister-syeda-shadab-fatima-said-that-it-was-chief-minister-akhilesh-yadav-s-prerogative-to-choose-his-cabinet-adding-he-did-what-he-felt-was-rightit-is-the-right-of-2266929/2266938|access-date=2021-09-23|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fatima, Saiyyada Shadab}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ghazipur]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

1st Madras State Assembly

2024-12-06T11:40:36Z

MDPOliva97: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
The '''first Legislative Assembly of Madras state''' was constituted in May 1952. This was following the first election held in [[Madras state]] after the [[Indian independence movement|Indian Independence]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Documents/practice/pp1.htm|access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Under the New [[Constitution of India]], The Legislature consists of the Governor and two Houses known as the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. The Madras Legislative Assembly consisted of 375 seats to be filled by election, distributed in 309 constituencies, 243 single-members constituencies, 62 double-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Castes and four two-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Three seats were uncontested.<ref name="madras">{{cite web|title=A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957)|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_01assly/ch01.pdf|publisher=MADRAS LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref>

In 1953, after the formation of Andhra State which consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas and Bellary district was also merged with the Mysore State which consisting of Kannada speaking area. The Members of the Madras Legislative Assembly was reduced to 231. Consequent on the [[States Reorganisation Act]], the number of members of the Assembly was again reduced to 190.<ref name="madras"/>

In the [[1952 Madras State legislative assembly election]], no single party obtained a simple majority to form an independent Government. [[C. Rajagopalachari]] (Rajaji) of the [[Indian National Congress]] became the Chief Minister after a series of re-alignments among various political parties and Independents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971108/31250413.html |title=Leader, amend thy mind |publisher=Expressindia.com |date=1997-11-08 |access-date=2012-12-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924055217/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971108/31250413.html |archive-date=2012-09-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/aug/22flip.htm |title=T V R Shenoy on another bout of uncertainty in Tamil Nadu |work=rediff.com |date=2001-08-22 |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref> Rajaji was resigned in 1954 after the heavy opposition to his [[Hereditary education policy]]. In the ensuing leadership struggle, Kamaraj defeated Rajaji's chosen successor [[Chidambaram Subramaniam|C. Subramaniam]] and became the Chief Minister on 31 March 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.preservearticles.com/201104306162/k-kamaraj.html |title=Complete biography of K. Kamaraj |publisher=Preservearticles.com |date= |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Leader
|-
|Governor
|Sri Prakasa A.J. John
|-
|Chief Minister
|[[C. Rajagopalachari]] [[K. Kamaraj]]
|-
|Speaker
|J. Sivashanmugam Pillai N. Gopala Menon
|-
|Deputy Speaker
|B. Bhaktavatsalu Naidu
|-
|Leader of the House
|[[Chidambaram Subramaniam|C. Subramaniam]]
|-
|Leader of Opposition
|Nagi Reddi [[P. Ramamurthi]]
|}

== Cabinet ==
=== Rajagopalachari's Cabinet ===
The Cabinet under Rajagopalachari was sworn in on 10 April 1952.<ref name="Assembly">{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_01assly/table04.pdf |title=A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957) : Section II |publisher=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=2012-12-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017181036/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_01assly/table04.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-17 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Minister
! Portfolio
|-
|[[C. Rajagopalachari]]
|Chief Minister, Public and Police
|-
|[[A. B. Shetty]]
|Health
|-
|[[C. Subramaniam]]
|Finance, Food and Elections
|-
|[[K. Venkataswamy Naidu]]
|Religious Endowments and Registration
|-
|[[N. Ranga Reddi]]
|Public Works
|-
|[[M. V. Krishna Rao]]
|Education, Harijan Uplift and Information
|-
|[[V. C. Palanisami Gounder]]
|Prohibition
|-
|[[U. Krishna Rao]]
|Industries, Labour, Motor Transport, Railways, Posts, Telegraphs and Civil Aviation
|-
|[[R. Nagana Gowda]]
|Agriculture, Forests, veterinary, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Cinchona
|-
|[[N. Sankara Reddi]]
|Local Administration
|-
|[[M. A. Manickavelu Naicker]]
|Land Revenue
|-
|[[K. P. Kuttikrishnan Nair]]
|Courts, Prisons and Legal Department
|-
|[[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi|Raja Sri Shanmuga Rajeswara Sethupathi]]
|House Rent Control
|-
|[[S. B. B. Pattabirama Rao]]
|Rural Welfare, Commercial Taxes and Scheduled areas
|-
|[[D. Sanjeevayya]]
|Cooperation and Housing
|}
;Changes
* Ministers belonging to Bellary and Andhra constituencies (Naganna Gowda, Sankara Reddi, Pattabirama Rao, Sanjeevayya and Ranga Reddi) stepped down on 30 September 1953, a day before [[Andhra State]] split to form a separate state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_01assly/ch02_05.pdf|title=A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957) : Section I|work=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]|access-date=11 February 2010}}</ref> The portfolios of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries, Cinchona, Rural Welfare, Community Projects and National Extension Schemes were handed over to [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]] on 9 October 1953. [[Jothi Venkatachalam]] was made minister for Prohibition and Women's Welfare. [[K. Rajaram|K. Rajaram Naidu]] became the Minister for Local Administration. C. Subramaniam was given the additional portfolios of education, information and publicity. V. C. Palaniswamy Gounder was put in charge of Veterinary, Animal Husbandry and Harijan welfare.<ref name="jp">{{Cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| title = Justice Party golden jubilee souvenir, 1968
| publisher = Justice Party
| year = 1968
| page =58
| place =
| id = ISBN
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rCZYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22jothi+venkatachalam%22+
}}</ref>

===Kamaraj's Cabinet===
Members of cabinet who served between 13 April 1954 - 13 April 1957 under the Chief Ministership of Kamraj are:<ref name="Assembly"/>
{| class="wikitable"
! Minister
! Portfolio
|-
|K. Kamaraj
|Chief Minister; Minister of Public and Police in the Home Department
|-
|[[A. B. Shetty]]
|Minister in charge of medical and public health, cooperation, housing and ex-servicemen
|-
|[[M. Bhaktavatsalam]]
|Minister in charge of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries, Cinchona, Rural Welfare, Community Projects, National Extension Scheme, Women's Welfare, Industries and Labour and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
|-
|[[C. Subramaniam]]
|Minister in charge of Finance, Food, Education, Elections and Information and Publicity and Law (Courts and Prisons)
|-
|[[M. A. Manickavelu Naicker]]
|Minister in charge of Land Revenue and Commercial Taxes and Rural Development.
|-
|[[S. S. Ramasami Padayachi]]
|Minister of Local Administration
|-
|[[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi|Raja Sri Shanmuga Rajeswara Sethupathi]]
|Minister in charge of Public Works, Accommodation Control, Engineering Colleges, Stationery and Printing including Establishment questions of the Stationery Department and the Government Press
|-
|[[B. Parameswaran]]
|Minister in charge of Transport, Harijan Uplift, Hindu Religious Endowments, Registration and Prohibition
|}

; Changes

* Following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, A. B. Shetty quit the Ministry on 1 March 1956 and his portfolio was shared between other ministers in the cabinet.

==See also ==
*[[1951 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]
*[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]

Sonita kingdom

2024-08-31T23:11:37Z

MDPOliva97: new info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

'''Sonita''' was the country of [[Asura]] king [[Banasura|Bana]] or Vana. His daughter ''Usha'' married [[Krishna in the Mahābhārata|Vasudeva Krishna]]'s grandson [[Aniruddha]].

== References in Mahabharata==
''The link between Sonita kingdom and its king Bana is made clearer in the [[Bhagavata Purana]]''

King Bana of Sonita is mentioned as follows: [[Krishna in the Mahābhārata|Vasudeva Krishna]] hath slain [[Jarasandha]], and Vakra, and [[Shishupala]] of mighty energy, and '''Bana''' in battle, and numerous other kings also have been slain by him (5:130). At (5:64) Krishna is again mentioned as the slayer of Vana and Bhumi's son Naraka (of [[Pragjyotisha kingdom]]). At (9:46) Bana is mentioned as the son of [[Mahabali|Bali]]. (Diti (Matriarch) > Hiranyakasipu > Prahlada > Virochana > Bali > Bana (1:65).

== See also ==
* [[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

== References ==
*[[Mahabharata]] of [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa]], translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli
*[[Bhagavata purana]] of [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa]]

{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]

{{india-hist-stub}}

National Congress (Pakistan and Bangladesh)

2024-08-29T14:21:54Z

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#REDIRECT [[Pakistan National Congress]]

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Baalveer 3

2024-06-05T04:49:04Z

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#REDIRECT [[Baalveer]]

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Taanaji : The Unsung Warrior

2023-04-29T18:45:06Z

MDPOliva97: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Tanhaji]]
{{R from misspelling}}

Uttar Kannada

2012-02-15T20:17:55Z

MDPOliva97: new first info needs work

#REDIRECT [[Uttara Kannada]]