https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=LukasBeg27134 2026-08-07T03:05:44Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruverumbur_Assembly_constituency&diff=541021 2026-05-07T20:12:28Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India}}<br /> {{coord|10|47|15|N|78|46|35|E|display=title}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 142<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Thiruverumbur.svg<br /> | established = 1971<br /> | district = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam }}<br /> | mla = [[Navalpattu S. Viji]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2026<br /> | name = Thiruverumbur<br /> | electors = 2,56,239<br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Thiruverumbur''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tiruchirappalli district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its State Assembly Constituency number is 142. It comes under [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]] for Parliament elections. It consists of Thuvakudi Municipality, Thiruverumbur Panchyat Union, and parts of Trichy City Municipal Corporation. Most successful party: DMK (seven times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | Kamatchi<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | K. S. Murugesan<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |rowspan=2| M. Gurusamy alias N. Annadasan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[Pappa Umanath]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | [[T. Rathinavel]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | [[K. Durai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[K. N. Sekaran]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | [[S. Senthilkumar (Thiruverumbur politician)|S. Senthilkumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | [[N. S. Viji]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam }}|42.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.48}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.98}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}|47.40}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.43}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.30}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.76}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|43.67}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.84}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.24}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|32.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.05}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= N. S. Viji|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=89837 |percentage=42.06 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=81132 |percentage= 37.99|change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Kumar]]|party=AIADMK|votes=29473 |percentage=13.08 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jallikattu T.Rajessh |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=9311 |percentage=4.36 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=745 |percentage= 0.35|change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,705 |percentage= 4.07|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 256239|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thiruverumbur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a142|access-date= 18 Jun 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=105,424 |percentage=53.48% |change=+6.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Kumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,727 |percentage=28.27% |change=-9.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Cholasooran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=15,719 |percentage=7.97% |change=+6.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muruganandam |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=14,678 |percentage=7.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Senthilkumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,293 |percentage=1.16% |change=-6.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,418 |percentage=0.72% |change=-0.74 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=49,697 |percentage=25.21% |change= 16.09% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=197,112 |percentage=67.27% |change= -1.25% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=99|percentage=0.05% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 293,003 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.51% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=85,950 |percentage=46.98% |change=+2.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Kalaichelvan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,255 |percentage=37.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Senthilkumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=13,155 |percentage=7.19% |change=-40.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Cholasooran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=3,353 |percentage=1.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Chittibabu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,144 |percentage=1.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,676 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Dilipkumar |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,498 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,695 |percentage=9.12% |change= 6.33% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=182,968 |percentage=68.53% |change= -3.37% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 267,001 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |swing= -0.42% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Senthilkumar (Thiruverumbur politician)|S. Senthilkumar]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=71,356 |percentage=47.40% |change=+38.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Seharan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=67,151|percentage=44.61%|change=-5.82}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Edwin Jerald|party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi|votes=3,688|percentage=2.45%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Sundarrajan|party=Independent politician|votes=3,145|percentage=2.09%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=I. Syed Mohammed Abuthagir|party=Independent politician|votes=1,885|percentage=1.25%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Raja|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,212|percentage=0.81%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Larance|party=Independent politician|votes=1,083|percentage=0.72%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,205 |percentage=2.79% |change= -10.26% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=150,543|percentage=71.89%|change=0.82%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 209,398 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Seharan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=95,687 |percentage=50.43% |change=+3.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sridhar Vandayar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,925 |percentage=37.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thangamani |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=17,148 |percentage=9.04% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Parvathi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,007 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Mayilsamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,870 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthukumar |party=Independent politician |votes=979 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,762 |percentage=13.05% |change= 5.04% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=189,750 |percentage=71.07% |change= 21.65% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 266,993 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.13% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Sekaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,254 |percentage=47.30% |change=-15.3 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. K. Rangarajan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=50,881 |percentage=39.29% |change=+30.44 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thangaraj N |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,562 |percentage=8.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Durai |party=Independent politician |votes=2,074 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Varatharajan S |party=Independent politician |votes=901 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sekar |party=Independent politician |votes=773 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,373 |percentage=8.01% |change= -29.18% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=129,508 |percentage=49.42% |change= -11.39% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 262,074 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -15.30% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Durai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=78,692 |percentage=62.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rathinavel]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,939 |percentage=25.41% |change=-34.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohamed Ali |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=11,128 |percentage=8.85% |change=-28.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Rajappa |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,042 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Murugesan |party=Independent politician |votes=668 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=46,753 |percentage=37.19% |change= 14.42% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=125,709 |percentage=60.81% |change= 4.34% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 214,373 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.84% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rathinavel]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,596 |percentage=59.76% |change=+37.21 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pappa Umanath]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=43,074 |percentage=36.99% |change=-6.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Rukmangadhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,505 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gnanasekaran |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=623 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,522 |percentage=22.77% |change= 5.08% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=116,460 |percentage=56.47% |change= -12.84% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 211,377 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 16.09% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pappa Umanath]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=54,814 |percentage=43.67% |change=+0.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,605 |percentage=25.98% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. D. Somasundaram]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,300 |percentage=22.55% |change=-25.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Annadasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,042 |percentage=6.41% |change=-41.43 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,209 |percentage=17.69% |change= 13.22% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=125,519 |percentage=69.31% |change= -2.15% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,333 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.17% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Guruswamy Alias Annadasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,900 |percentage=47.84% |change=-8.4 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pappa Umanath]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=43,421 |percentage=43.36% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Soundarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,006 |percentage=4.00% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Arumatraj |party=Independent politician |votes=2,067 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karu Anbudasan |party=Independent politician |votes=549 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,479 |percentage=4.47% |change= -8.72% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=100,130 |percentage=71.47% |change= 2.89% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,622 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.40% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Gurusamy Alias Annadasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,012 |percentage=56.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Murugesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,047 |percentage=43.05% |change=+10.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thinakaran |party=Independent politician |votes=644 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,965 |percentage=13.19% |change= 12.08% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=90,703 |percentage=68.58% |change= 4.77% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,342 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 24.18% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Murugesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,594 |percentage=32.06% |change=-20.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,742 |percentage=30.95% |change=-16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ananda Nambiar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=18,193 |percentage=23.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Saptharishi Nattar |party=Janata Party |votes=9,237 |percentage=12.04% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. M. Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=947 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=852 |percentage=1.11% |change= -4.99% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=76,713 |percentage=63.81% |change= -11.25% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,291 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -20.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Kamaichi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,233 |percentage=53.05% |change=+9.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,258 |percentage=46.95% |change=-3.2 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,975 |percentage=6.10% |change= -0.82% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=81,491 |percentage=75.05% |change= -1.21% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,244 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.90% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruverumbur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,513 |percentage=50.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kamakshi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,884 |percentage=43.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Velayutham |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,428 |percentage=6.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,629 |percentage=6.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=66,825 |percentage=76.26% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,728 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Tiruchirappalli}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Tiruchirappalli district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]<br /> [[Category:1971 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vadiraja_Tirtha&diff=543288 2026-05-07T17:25:34Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding a stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu guru}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu leader<br /> | name = Bhavi Sameera Shri Vadiraja Tirtha<br /> | image = Vadiraja Tirtha.webp<br /> | caption = Image of Sri Vadiraja Tirtha, with Lord [[Hayagreeva]]<br /> | honorific_prefix =Śrī<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | birth_date = 1480<br /> | birth_place = Huvinakere in present day [[Kundapura]] Taluk of [[Udupi district]], [[Karnataka]]<br /> | birth_name = Bhūvarāha<br /> | death_date = 1600<br /> | death_place = [[Sodhe]] [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]] in present day [[Uttara Kannada district]], [[Karnataka]]<br /> | spouse =<br /> | children =<br /> | guru = Vagisha Tirtha<br /> | philosophy = [[Dvaita]]<br /> | literary_works = ''Yuktimallika'',''[[Rukminisha Vijaya]]''<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> {{DvaitaInfobox}}<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> {{Vaishnavism}}<br /> '''Sri Vadiraja Tirtha''' ({{IAST3|Śrī Vādirāja Tīrtha}}; {{circa}}1480 – {{circa}}1600{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=190}}) was a [[Dvaita]] philosopher, poet, traveller and mystic. He authored many works, often critical, on [[Madhva]] theology and metaphysics. Additionally, he composed numerous poems and as the pontiff of [[Sodhe]] Mutt, renovated the temple complex at [[Udupi]] and established the ''Paryaya'' system of worship.{{Sfn|Rao|2002|p=33}} He also enriched the [[Kannada]] literature of the time by translating [[Madhva|Madhvacharya's]] works to Kannada,{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=}} giving impetus and contributing to the [[Haridasa]] movement. He has influenced both [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] and [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] music through his compositions. His compositions are mainly in [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]]. His mudra is 'Hayavadana'. His works are characterised by their poetic flourishes, wit and humour.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=192}}{{refn|group=note|Madhva community who are followers of Sodhe Matha believes him to be an incarnation of ''Latavya'', a deity supposed to assume the position of [[Vayu]] in the next [[Hindu units of time|kalpa]] but other Madhvas doesn't accept this.}}<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> Vadirajaru was born as Bhuvaraha in Huvinakere, a village in the [[Kundapura]] taluk. He was ordained as a monk at the age of 8 and placed into the care of Vidyanidhi Tirtha and later Vagisha Tirtha, who oversaw his education.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|pp=191–192}} Works of contemporary [[Haridasa]]s and oral traditions point to Vadirajaru being a student of [[Vyasatirtha]] along with [[Vijayendra Tirtha]] though he never acknowledged [[Vyasatirtha]] as his mentor in his works. He eventually assumed the pontifical seat of the ''mutt'' at [[Sodhe]], succeeding Vagisha Tirtha. Vadiraja seems to have wielded some influence in the court of the [[Nayakas of Keladi]] as Vadiraja's successor, Vedavedya Tirtha, received grants of villages from Keladi Venkatappa Nayak.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=190}} In 1512, Vadiraja began his tour of the pilgrimages in India lasting for two decades, the details of which he recorded in his travelogue entitled ''Tirtha Prabanda''. A number of miracles have been ascribed to him during these journeys such as resurrection of the dead and exorcism of demons.{{Sfn|Rao|2002|pp=72–76}} Traditional accounts also speak of his expertise in occult and of an incident involving the taming of a forest spirit called ''Annappa'' or ''Bhutaraja''.{{Sfn|Rao|2002|p=77}} Vadiraja is known to have debated the [[Jain]] scholars at [[Moodabidri]] and [[Karkala]] and converted a sect of goldsmith community to the Dvaita fold. They are identified as Daivajnyas.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=193}} It was around the same time that he restructured the organisation of the temple at Udupi, established the [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi|Ashta Mathas]] around the temple and renovated the temple itself. The religious reforms initiated by him survive to this day. A life of 120 years is ascribed to him.{{Sfn|Dalal|2010}} Though the veracity of this claim may be questioned, Sharma notes &quot;there is no doubt he (Vadiraja) enjoyed a long life presiding over the mutt at Sodhe, established by him, for a number of years&quot;.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=192}} His mortal remains (''Brindavana'') are enshrined at Sodhe.<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> Vadiraja contributed to [[Dasa Sahitya]], writing several poems under the [[ankita naama]] ''Hayavadana''. ''Yuktimalika'' is considered to be his work of importance. Sharma notes &quot;The work is brimming with freshness and originality of approach and ideas&quot;.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=201}} He also composed several poems, notable of which is an epic poem of 19 cantos titled ''[[Rukminisha Vijaya]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Notable works==<br /> Vadiraja is credited with more than sixty works.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=196}} His body of work is diverse, ranging from short hymns and epic poems to scholarly works on the metaphysical intricacies of Dvaita. Many of his independent works are critical directed not only at [[Advaita]] but heterodox schools like [[Buddhism]] and especially [[Jainism]] which flourished in the [[South Canara]] region in the 16th century.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=194}}<br /> <br /> ===List of scholarly works===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Description<br /> ! References<br /> |-<br /> | Upanyasaratnamala<br /> | Collective title given to the commentary on the trilogy of refutations by [[Madhva]] (''Upadhi Khandana'',''Mayavada Khandana'',''Mithyatva Anumana Khandana'')<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=196}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tattva Prakasika Guruvartha Dipika<br /> | Commentary on the ''Tattva Prakasika'' of [[Jayatirtha]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=197}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nyaya Sudha Guruvartha Dipika<br /> | Commentary on the ''Nyaya Sudha'' of [[Jayatirtha]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=197}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ekona-Panchapadika<br /> | A non-extant polemical treatise criticising the ''Panchapadika'' of [[Padmapadacharya]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=198}}<br /> |-<br /> | Vivaranavranam<br /> | A polemical treatise criticising the ''Vivarana'' by Prakashatman of the [[Vivarana]] school of [[Advaita]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=198}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pasandakhandanam<br /> | A polemical treatise directed against the tenets of [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=199}}<br /> |-<br /> | Yuktimalika<br /> | An independent treatise arguing for the logical supremacy of [[Dvaita]] over other schools of thought<br /> |{{Sfn|Pandurangi|1992}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nyayaratnavali<br /> | An epigrammatical critique of the [[Advaita]] doctrines<br /> |{{Sfn|Betty|1978}}<br /> |-<br /> | Madhvavagvajravali<br /> | A non-extant work possibly containing arguments against [[Advaita]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=210}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalpalata<br /> | A work dealing with the epistemology of [[Dvaita]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=211}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lakshalankara<br /> | Commentary on the ''Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya'' of Madhva<br /> |{{Sfn|Zydenbos|1994|p=177}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===List of literary works===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Description<br /> ! References<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rukminisha Vijaya]]<br /> | A poetic rendition of the<br /> [[Rukmini]] Haran Leela of [[Rukmini]] and [[Krishna]]<br /> |{{Sfn|Zydenbos|1994|p=177}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Thirtha prabandha|Tirtha Prabanda]]<br /> | A travelogue detailing the pilgrimages undertaken by Vadiraja<br /> |{{Sfn|Zydenbos|1994|p=176}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhugola Varnanam<br /> | An interpretation of [[Hindu cosmology]] according to Dvaita<br /> |{{Sfn|Murthy|2008}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lakshmi Shobhana<br /> | A poem about the marriage of [[Lakshmi]] and [[Narayana]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist|group=note}}<br /> {{reflist|group=note Shri Vadirajaru is not a Shishya of Shri Syasarayaru}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book |last= Sharma|first= B.N.K|title= History of Dvaita school of Vedanta and its Literature |volume=2|orig-year=1961|year=2000|publisher= Motilal Banarasidass|edition=3rd|location= Bombay|isbn= 81-208-1575-0}}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Betty |first= L. Stafford|title= Vadiraja's Refutation of Sankara's Non-dualism: Clearing the Way for Theism |year= 1978|publisher= Motilal Banarasidass|isbn= 978-8120831582}}<br /> * {{cite book|title = Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |section=Vadirajatirtha|first = Roshen | last = Dalal| publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn = 978-0143414216 | year= 2010 }}<br /> * {{cite book|title = Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi |first = Vasudeva | last = Rao| publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn = 9788125022978 | year= 2002 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Zydenbos |first= Robert|title= According to Tradition: Hagiographical Writing in India |year= 1994|publisher= Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn= 9783447035248}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Pandurangi |first= K.T|title= Essentials of Yuktimallika |year= 1992|publisher= University of Michigan}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Murthy |first= Badarayana|title= Bhugola Varnanam |year= 2008|publisher= University of Virginia|url=https://archive.org/details/bhugolavarnana}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/vadiraja/ Vadiraja Tirtha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627035158/http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/vadiraja/ |date=27 June 2020 }}<br /> <br /> {{Madhva Religious Figures}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:16th-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu revivalists]]<br /> [[Category:Dvaitin philosophers]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada literature]]<br /> [[Category:Madhva religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:People from Udupi district]]<br /> [[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]<br /> [[Category:Tulu people]]<br /> [[Category:16th-century Indian scholars]]<br /> [[Category:Vijayanagara poets]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from the Vijayanagara Empire]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century Indian philosophers]]<br /> [[Category:Sanskrit poets]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anbe_Sivam_(TV_series)&diff=486390 2026-05-02T17:23:34Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: New Some Page W/ Refs.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2021 television series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Anbe Sivam TV series.jpg<br /> | director = Brahma G Dev<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | network = [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | genre = [[Soap opera]]<br /> | related = ''[[Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 228<br /> | opentheme = ''Yaarodu Yaar Seruvaro''<br /> | country = India<br /> | theme_music_composer = Ilayavan<br /> | cinematography = S. Gopal<br /> | producer = Sasikumar &lt;br&gt; Bala Subramaniyan<br /> | starring = Vikram Shri &lt;br&gt; [[Kavitha Gowda]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2021|10|18|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2022|7|3|df=y}}<br /> | company = My Story Media Works PVT.LIT<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Anbe Sivam''' ({{Translation|Love is god}}) is a 2021 Indian-[[Tamil language]] television series which premiered from 18 October 2021 and ended on 3 July 2022 aired on [[Zee Tamil]]. It stars Vikram Shri and [[Kavitha Gowda]] in the lead roles. This show is based on [[Zee TV]]'s Hindi series ''[[Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-show-anbe-sivam-to-premiere-on-october-18/articleshow/87018601.cms|title=New show 'Anbe Sivam' to premiere on October 18|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raksha-holla-returns-to-television-with-the-tamil-series-anbe-sivam/articleshow/86451498.cms|title=Raksha Holla returns to television with the Tamil series Anbe Sivam|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main=== <br /> * Vikram Shri as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Nalla Sivam: Iniya and Oviya's father; Anbu's husband; Arasi's ex-husband<br /> * [[Raksha Holla]] (2021–2022) → [[Kavitha Gowda]] (2022) as Anbu Selvi (Anbu): Kalai and Bharathi's mother; Sivam's wife; Bhaskar's ex-wife<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * Shreeka in a dual role as Iniya and Oviya: Sivam and Arasi's daughter<br /> * Anshita as Kalai: Anbu and Bhaskar's daughter<br /> * Hadeed Kavin as Bharathi: Anbu and Bhaskar's son<br /> * [[Sabitha Anand]] as Lakshmi: Shabapathi's wife, Sivam's mother<br /> * Sivan Srinivasan as Shabapathi: Lakshmi's husband, Sivam's father<br /> * Krithika Laddu as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Punnagai Arasi (Arasi): Sivam's ex-wife, Shekar's second wife, Iniya and Oviya's mother<br /> * Varun Udhai as Bhaskar: Anbu's ex-husband, Kayal and Bharathi's father<br /> * Nishma Chengappa as [[Doctor (title)|Dr.]] Malarvizhi (Malar): Kamakshi's daughter, Anbu's sister-in-law, Saravanan's wife<br /> * Vasudeva Krish Madhusudhan as Saravanan: Sivam's brother, Malar's husband<br /> * Priyaa Vishwa (2021–2022) → Bharani Elangovan (2022) as Geetha: Anbu's best friend<br /> * Nathan Shyam as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Shekar: Arasi's second husband<br /> * Rhema Ashok as Poonguzhali (Kuzhali): Nalla Sivam's ex-fiancée, Anbu's friend, later became enemy<br /> * Deepa Shree as Kamakshi: Bhaskar and Malar's mother, Anbu's mother-in-law<br /> * Parthiban as Rajarathnam: Arasi's father<br /> * Isvar Ragunathan as Sugumar<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Actor Vikram Shri was selected to portray the lead role as Nalla Sivam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vikram-shri-announces-his-new-project-anbe-sivam/articleshow/86423820.cms|title=Vikram Shri announces his new project Anbe Sivam|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Actress [[Pavani Reddy]] was initially selected in the role of Anbu Selvi, but she quit the show before the series release, because of the opportunity of entering [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/pavani-reddys-earnings-bigg-boss-tamil-5-149996|title=Pavani Reddy's Earnings from Bigg Boss Tamil 5|website=english.sakshi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; So the team finalised Raksha Holla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/raksha-holla-to-make-her-comeback-with-the-upcoming-show-anbe-sivam/articleshow/86397596.cms|title = Raksha Holla to make her comeback with the upcoming show 'Anbe Sivam' |website = [[The Times of India]] |date = 21 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; to portray the role of Anbu Selvi. In January 2022, Raksha Holla was removed from the series by the production team due to her appearance is not fit for the role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/raksha-holla-anbe-sivam-serial-heroine.html|title = &quot;Weight போட்டது காரணமானு தெரியல!&quot;.. மாற்றப்படுகிறாரா? பிரபல சீரியல் ஹீரோயின்!|website = Behind Woods| date=24 January 2022 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; So [[Kavitha Gowda]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2022/jan/26/raksha-holla-revealed-why-she-left-anbe-sivam-serial-3780589.html|title =அன்பே சிவம் தொடரில் இனி கவிதா|website = Dinamani|date =26 January 2022|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; replaced her in the role of Anbu Selvi from episodes 86.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/not-suprised-raksha-holla-confirms-her-exit-from-anbe-sivam-4704893.html|title=Not {{as written|Supr|ised [sic]}} Raksha Holla Confirms Her Exit From Anbe Sivam|website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Krithika Laddu was selected to play the role of Punnagai Arasi, Nalla Sivam's ex-wife, who is the main antagonist in the show.<br /> <br /> ==Special and Crossover episodes==<br /> * Anbe Sivam held a two and half hour non-stop special Sunday episode for Anbu-Sivam Marriage titled 'Anbe Sivam MEGA Thirumana Vaibhavam' on 6 March 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/it-entertainment-guaranteed-zee-tamil-viewers-sunday-150061|title=It is Entertainment Guaranteed for Zee Tamil viewers this Sunday|website=english.sakshi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Anbe Sivam with [[Rajini (TV series)|Rajini]] series held a one-hour episodes of ''Super Sanagamam'' from 23 May to 6 June 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/zee-tamil-launches-two-back-to-back-shows-as-part-of-super-sangam-formula-5233825.html|title=Zee Tamil Launches Two back-to-back Shows as Part of 'Super Sangam' Formula|website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Adaptations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:10%;&quot;| Language<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:25%;&quot;| Title<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:20%;&quot;| Original release<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:10%;&quot;| Network(s)<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:10%;&quot;| Last aired<br /> ! style=&quot;background:Violet; width:10%;&quot;| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hindi]]<br /> | ''[[Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]'' &lt;br&gt; पुनर्विवाह – ज़िंदगी मिलेगी दोबारा<br /> | 20 February 2012<br /> | [[Zee TV]]<br /> | 29 November 2013<br /> | Original<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | ''[[Kori Khela]]'' &lt;br&gt; কড়ি খেলা<br /> | 8 March 2021<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | 29 April 2022<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Remake<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade (TV series)|Oohalu Gusagusalade]]'' &lt;br&gt;ఊహలు గుసగుసలాడే<br /> | 10 May 2021<br /> | [[Zee Telugu]]<br /> | 8 June 2024<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] <br /> | ''Anbe Sivam'' &lt;br&gt; அன்பே சிவம்<br /> | 18 October 2021<br /> | [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | 3 July 2022<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''[[Punha Kartavya Aahe]]'' &lt;br&gt; पुन्हा कर्तव्य आहे<br /> | 18 March 2024<br /> | [[Zee Marathi]]<br /> | 15 March 2025<br /> |-<br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | ''Nava Mod'' &lt;br&gt; ਨਵਾ ਮੋਡ<br /> | 2 December 2024<br /> | [[Zee Punjabi]]<br /> | 31 May 2025<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|tt15964664}}<br /> *[https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/anbe-sivam/0-6-4z527945 ''Anbe Sivam''] at [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> {{Zee Tamil shows}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Hindi-language television series]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salkhua&diff=532152 2026-05-01T16:09:19Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Salkhua<br /> | settlement_type = [[List of subdistricts in India|Block]]<br /> | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.668650|N|86.597820|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts in India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]]<br /> | parts = 43<br /> | area_total_km2 = 157<br /> | population_total = 132844<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 852126<br /> | parts_type = Villages<br /> }}<br /> '''Salkhua''' is a block in [[Saharsa district|Saharsa District]], [[Kosi division|Kosi Division]], [[Bihar]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tehsil {{!}} Saharsa District {{!}} India |url=https://saharsa.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a rural district, with its seat being in the village of Salkhua. The main language spoken in this block is [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and the majority religion being practiced is [[Hinduism]], though there is also a small Muslim minority. The block is split by the [[Kosi River]].<br /> <br /> It is part of the [[Simri Bakhtiarpur Assembly constituency|Simri Bakhtiarpur Constituency]].{{bar box|title=Religion in Salkhua|titlebar=#F6F6F6|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|92.12}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|7.67}}<br /> {{bar percent|Others*|grey|0.20}}|caption=*Includes Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Atheists, and Agnostics}}<br /> <br /> == Administrative Divisions ==<br /> As of 2011, there are 43 villages in Salkhua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Villages &amp; Towns in Salkhua Block of Saharsa, Bihar |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/1179-salkhua-saharsa-bihar.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are:<br /> <br /> * Alani<br /> * Baldehi<br /> * Banganwan<br /> * Bankatti<br /> * Basahi<br /> * Bhelwa<br /> * Bhirkhi<br /> * Chanan<br /> * Chhachhua<br /> * Chiraia<br /> * Gaurdah<br /> * Goriyari<br /> * Gauri<br /> * Gauspur<br /> * Gurganwan<br /> * Harinsari<br /> * Harewa<br /> * Kabira<br /> * Kabirpur<br /> * Kamra<br /> * Kathghara<br /> * Khajur bana<br /> * Khochardewa<br /> * Khograha<br /> * Koparia<br /> * Kotwalia<br /> * Kuchaut<br /> * Mamarkha<br /> * Mangaltola<br /> * Phensaha<br /> * Puraini<br /> * Raingnian<br /> * Sahoria<br /> * Sahsaili Thuthi<br /> * Sahuria<br /> * Salkhua<br /> * Samhar Kalan<br /> * Samhar Khurd<br /> * Sauthi<br /> * Shahganwan<br /> * Situahi<br /> * Tajpur<br /> * Utesra<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Simri Bakhtiyarpur]]<br /> * [[Simri Bakhtiarpur Assembly constituency|Simri Bakhtiarpur Constituency]]<br /> * [[Sonbarsha Assembly constituency|Sonbarsa Constituency]]<br /> * [[Saharsa district|Saharsa District]]<br /> * [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]<br /> * [[Bihar]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Blocks in Saharsa district]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santosh_Saroj&diff=532964 2026-04-30T14:26:15Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian screenwriter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{No footnotes|BLP=yes|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> '''Santosh Saroj''' is a Bollywood screenwriter and dialogue writer mostly known for films like <br /> '[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]] (1990) and ''[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]'' (1988)','[[Major Saab]] (1998)'.His last film as writer was Sirf, released in 2008.He was also assistant director for films like '[[Mausam (1975 film)|Mausam]] (1975)','Raaste Ka Patthar' He has also directed two films &quot;Waqt Waqt ki Baat&quot; &amp; &quot;Pyar Mein Sauda Nahin&quot; .<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> *[[Kaalia]] - Screenplay - 1981<br /> *[[Bulundi]] - Screenplay- 1981<br /> *[[Pyar Mein Sauda Nahin]] - Screenplay - 1982<br /> *[[Waqt Waqt ki Baat]] - Story &amp; Screenplay - 1982<br /> *[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]-Screenplay-1988<br /> *[[Ek Hi Maqsad]]-Screenplay &amp; Dialogue-1988<br /> *[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]-Story &amp; Screenplay-1990<br /> *[[Aaj Ka Arjun]] - Screenplay - 1990<br /> *[[Doodh Ka Karz]]-Story &amp; Screenplay-1990<br /> *[[Izzat (1991 film)|Izzat]] - Screenplay and Dialogues - 1991<br /> *[[Khuda Gawah]]-Story, Screenplay, Dialogues-1992<br /> *[[Police Officer (film)|Police Officer]] - Story, Screenplay and Dialogues - 1992<br /> *[[Phool Aur Angaar]] - Story, Screenplay and Dialogues - 1993<br /> *[[Aadmi (1993 film)|Aadmi]]-Screenplay &amp; Dialogue-1993<br /> *[[Jai Kishen]] - Screenplay &amp; Dialogue - 1994<br /> *[[Kranti Kshetra]]-Story, Screenplay and Dialogues-1994<br /> *[[Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1994 film)|Aa Gale Lag Jaa]]-Story, Screenplay, Dialogues -1994<br /> *[[Baazi (1995 film)|Baazi]] - Dialogue - 1995<br /> *[[Vijeta (1996 film)|Vijeta]]-Screenplay and Dialogues-1996<br /> *[[Jung (1996 film)|Jung]]-Story, Screenplay, Dialogues-1996<br /> *[[Krishna (1996 Hindi film)|Krishna]]- Screenplay &amp; Dialogues-1996<br /> *[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat]] - Story, Screenplay and Dialogues - 1996<br /> *[[Major Saab]]-Screenplay and Dialogues-1998<br /> *[[Gair (film)|Gair]]-Dialogues-1999<br /> *[[Krodh (film)|Krodh]]-Screenplay-2000<br /> *[[Badal]]-Dialogues-2000<br /> *[[Beti No.1|Beti No 1]]-Story, Screenplay, Dialogues-2000<br /> *[[Ek Hindustani]]-Story, Screenplay, Dialogues-2003<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> His collaboration with [[Mukul Anand]] was most successful, Films like [[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]] &amp; [[Khuda Gawah]]. He wrote for Tinu Anand, Film's Like [[Kaalia]], [[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]] &amp; [[Major Saab]] .Santosh Saroj is mostly known for [[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]](1990).<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|0765454}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Saroj, Santosh}}<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghulam_Hassan_Sofi&diff=500448 2026-04-23T13:59:58Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: Started new stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian singer (1932–2009)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> '''Ghulam Hassan Sofi''' (1932, [[Srinagar]] - 2009, Srinagar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.groundreport.com/Arts_and_Culture/Melody-king-of-Kashmir-Ghulam-Hassan-Sofi-remember_2/2911690 |title=Melody king of Kashmir Ghulam Hassan Sofi remembered &amp;#124; GroundReport |access-date=2011-05-23 |website= [[GroundReport]] |archive-date=2012-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324054246/http://www.groundreport.com/Arts_and_Culture/Melody-king-of-Kashmir-Ghulam-Hassan-Sofi-remember_2/2911690 |url-status=dead }}{{CC-notice|by3}}&lt;/ref&gt;) was a singer and harmonium player of traditional music of [[Kashmir]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/kashmiri-singer-ghulam-hassan-dies/15787940.shtml|title= Kashmiri singer Ghulam Hassan dies |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091113085359/http://www.merinews.com/article/kashmiri-singer-ghulam-hassan-dies/15787940.shtml |archive-date= 2009-11-13 |newspaper=merinews.com |url-status=dead |access-date=2024-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kashmirobserver.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3654&amp;joscclean=1&amp;comment_id=2936&amp;Itemid=47|title=Hassan Sofi No More|date=2009-11-09|newspaper=Kashmiri Observer|accessdate=2024-07-13|archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725095902/http://www.kashmirobserver.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3654&amp;joscclean=1&amp;comment_id=2936&amp;Itemid=47 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.koshur.org/music/ghsofi/index.html|title=Melody, meditation and melancholy: A tribute to Hasan Suif|first1= Haseeb A |last1=Drabu|website=KOSHUR MUSIC: A Collection of Kashmiri Music, Devotional Songs and Prayers for Kashmiri Pandit Festivals|access-date=2024-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=669171 | date= 2009-11-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130225633/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=669171|title=Kashmir's Melody King Ghulam Hassan Sofi Dead &amp;#124; news.outlookindia.com|archive-date=2013-01-30|website=news.outlookindia.com|access-date=2024-07-13|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sofi began his career from Radio Kashmir, local station of [[All India Radio]], in the early 1950s. He also sang for the station [[Doordarshan|Doordarshan Kendra Srinagar]], and for the [[Culture|Cultural Academy]], besides being part of the staff in the Song and Drama Division from 1967 to 1994. Sofi, who also performed in other states of India, received the lifetime award from the [[Ministry of Information (India)|Union Information Ministry]] and the Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah award from the State Government in 2006. Sofi sang the lyrics of the noted Kashmiri poets [[Ghulam Ahmad Mehjoor]], [[Abdul Ahad Azad]], [[Wahab Khar]], [[Rasool Mir]] and [[Rajab Hamid]]. His own compositions often dwelt on spiritual and mystical themes.{{fact|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sofi, Ghulam Hassan}}<br /> [[Category:1932 births]]<br /> [[Category:2009 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male folk singers]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Srinagar]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kejong_Chang&diff=509177 2026-04-19T22:47:24Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: new a entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1934–2025)|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix =<br /> | name = Kejong Chang<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1934|5|7}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2025|2|20|1934|5|7}}<br /> | death_place = [[Dimapur]], [[Nagaland]], India<br /> | office1 = [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Tuensang Sadar-2 Assembly constituency|Tuensang Sadar-2]]<br /> | term_start1 = 2007<br /> | term_end1 = 20 February 2025<br /> | predecessor1 = A. Lakiumong<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | party = [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | father = L Topong<br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = Social Worker<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kejong Chang''' (7 May 1934 – 20 February 2025) was an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He was elected to the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Tuensang Sadar-2 Assembly constituency]] in the 1998 election, 2007 by poll, 2008 election, 2009 by poll, 2013 election and [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018 election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kejong Chang |url=https://myneta.info/nagaland2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5960 |website=My Neta |access-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tuensang Sardar 2 |url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/tuensang-sadar-ii.html |website=Election.in |access-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chang was born on 7 May 1934.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=At 87, he is the oldest MLA in India |url=https://nenow.in/politics/at-87-he-is-the-oldest-mla-in-india.html |access-date=20 February 2025 |publisher=Northeast Now |date=27 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> He died in [[Dimapur]] on 20 February 2025, at the age of 90.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=6 times MLA and former Nagaland minister, Kejong Chang, passes away |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/6-times-mla-and-former-nagaland-minister-kejong-chang-passes-away/ |website=Nagaland Tribune |access-date=20 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chang, Kejong}}<br /> [[Category:1934 births]]<br /> [[Category:2025 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Naga people]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1998–2003]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2018–2023]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tuensang district]]<br /> [[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Nagaland]]<br /> <br /> {{Nagaland-politician-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Able_Disabled_All_People_Together&diff=484405 2026-04-18T08:53:21Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: New Initial Article V1.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian disability rights organization}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> |name = ADAPT - Able Disabled All People Together<br /> |image = Logo_of_ADAPT_-_Able_Disable_All_People_Together.jpg<br /> |image_border = <br /> |image_size = 240px<br /> |image_alt = &lt;!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] --&gt;<br /> |caption = <br /> |map = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> |map_size = &lt;!-- map size, optional, default 200px --&gt;<br /> |map_alt = &lt;!-- map alt text --&gt;<br /> |map_caption = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> |abbreviation = SSI<br /> |formation = 1972<br /> |extinction = &lt;!-- date of extinction, optional --&gt;<br /> |type = NGO<br /> |status = &lt;!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --&gt;<br /> |purpose = Neuro-Muscular and Developmental Disabilities<br /> |headquarters = [[Mumbai]]<br /> |location = <br /> |coordinates = &lt;!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --&gt;<br /> |region_served =<br /> |membership = <br /> |language = &lt;!-- official languages --&gt;<br /> |leader_title = &lt;!-- position title for the leader of the org --&gt;<br /> |leader_name = &lt;!-- name of leader --&gt;<br /> |main_organ = &lt;!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --&gt;<br /> |parent_organization = &lt;!-- if one --&gt;<br /> |affiliations = &lt;!-- if any --&gt;<br /> |num_staff = <br /> |num_volunteers =<br /> |budget = <br /> |website = <br /> |remarks =<br /> }}<br /> {{Disability}}<br /> '''ADAPT – Able Disabled All People Together''' (formerly known as '''The Spastics Society of India''') is an Indian [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] and [[non-governmental organization]], working to help people with neuro-muscular and developmental disabilities.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia of Social Work in India, by India Ministry of Welfare. Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], 1987. Page 197.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tatainternational.com/moresocialres.html Spastics Society, Bandra, Mumbai - Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204101204/http://www.tatainternational.com/moresocialres.html |date=2008-12-04 }} [[Tata Group|Tata]], www.tatainternational.com.&lt;/ref&gt; It was started on 2 October 1972 by [[Mithu Alur]], to provide education and treatment services for the &quot;[[spastics]]&quot; (children with [[cerebral palsy]]).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.karmayog.com/ngos/spasticsociety.htm The Spastics Society of India] Profiles of Nonprofit organizations. www.karmayog.com.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Today, it has broadened its scope to include programs on teacher training, vocational training of young adults with cerebral palsy, autism, intellectual disabilities, multiple disabilities and learning disabilities. It also works in the field of advocacy and awareness and offers support to parents and other professionals. It has led to the formation of independent Spastic societies in 16 states in India. In 1999, it established the 'National Resource Centre for Inclusion (NRCI), in [[Mumbai]], to include disabled children from special schools into normal schools.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106233733/http://www.hindu.com/2003/01/28/stories/2003012803180300.htm Focus on education for disabled children] [[The Hindu]], Jan 28, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.internationalforum.com/Text%20Pages/metaphores_for_leadership.htm Social Entrepreneurs provide examples of Leadership and Vision...: Mithu Alur, NRCI &amp; Spastics Society of India]&lt;/ref&gt; The Spastics Society of India has since changed names and is currently called ADAPT (Able Disable All People Together).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.adaptssi.org Official Website of The Spastics Society Of India that is now called ADAPT&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; Many of the state level spastics societies under the aegis of The Spastics Society of India have also changed names since.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> In 1966, when daughter [[Malini Chib]], was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, Mithu Alur found no proper schools for children with disabilities existed in India. So in 1968, she got trained as a teacher in the field of Special Education at the [[Institute of Education]] (IOE), [[University of London]]. Back home, she wanted to open a school in Bombay (now Mumbai), and she contacted the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]]. [[Indira Gandhi]] asked her to get in touch with actress [[Nargis Dutt]]. [[Nargis Dutt]] became the first patron of 'The Spastics Society of India' (SSI), which formally started on October 2, 1972&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nrcissi.org/aboutus/history.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20050223043713/http://www.nrcissi.org/aboutus/history.html |date=2005-02-23 }} www.nrcissi.org.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later a special school for children with cerebral palsy, &quot;Centre for Special education&quot; was set up at [[Colaba]] on October 2, 1973, providing education and treatment facilities under one roof. It commenced with just three children — Malini (Mithu Alur's daughter), Farhan Contractor and Imtiaz. Nargis Dutt, remained its lifelong patron. After her death in 1981, her mantle was taken up by her husband, [[Sunil Dutt]].<br /> <br /> Today, SSI Mumbai, in its new name ADAPT, runs centres in [[Colaba]], [[Dharavi]], [[Bandra]] and [[Chembur]]. SSI has spread its services in 16 states, and in cities like, [[Kolkata]], [[Delhi]] (1978), [[Bangalore]], [[Chennai]], [[Allahabad]], Dayalpur, [[Pune]] and [[Cochin]], where it runs special schools for children with disabilities, and offers vocational training and help for finding suitable jobs to the students, through rehabilitation, communication and speech therapy, counseling, parent training and support programs. Certificate and diploma courses are conducted for special educators, basic developmental therapists and community rehabilitators.<br /> <br /> In 1987, the SSI received the National Award for the &quot;Best Voluntary Agency&quot; from the [[Government of India]], and later in 1989, Mithu Alur was herself awarded the [[Padma Shri]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.change.godrej.com/2003/novdec/heroism.htm Touch of Herosim - Forming The Spastics Society Of India] [[Godrej Group|Godrej]], www.change.godrej.com.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.adaptssi.org/home.html The National Resource Centre for Inclusion - The Spastics Society of India, Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331041623/http://www.adaptssi.org/home.html |date=2022-03-31 }}<br /> * [http://www.karmayog.com/ngos/spasticsociety.htm The Spastics Society of India Detailed Profile]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Organizations established in 1972]]<br /> [[Category:Disability rights organizations]]<br /> [[Category:Disability organisations based in India]]<br /> [[Category:Cerebral palsy organizations]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhepura_Assembly_constituency&diff=514409 2026-04-15T23:00:04Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: started a stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Madhepura<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = 73-Madhepura constituency.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | mla = [[Chandrashekhar Yadav]]<br /> | party = {{party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} &lt;!--Name of the current MLA's party. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] &lt;!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | region = <br /> | state = [[Bihar]]<br /> | district = [[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]<br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|13. Madhepura]]<br /> | constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|73]]<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | electors = 345,596<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Education minister Chandrashekhar.jpg<br /> | abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''Madhepura Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Madhepura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Madhepura will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.&lt;ref name=&quot;election1993&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/EC-move-to-allay-fears-about-errors-in-EVMs/articleshow/49199345.cms|title=EC move to allay fears about errors in EVMs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/Current/ImpIns_24092015.pdf|title=General Election to the State Legislative Assembly of Bihar, 2015- Use of EVMs with Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail System(VVPAT)-reg.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 73 Madhepura Assembly constituency is composed of the following:<br /> [[Madhepura block|Madhepura]], [[Gamgaria block|Ghamharia]] and [[Ghailardh block|Ghailadh]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]; Belo, Nadhi, Jitapur, [[Bhatkhora]], Tamot Parsa and Parwa Navtol [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Muraliganj block|Murliganj CD Block]].&lt;ref name=commission&gt;{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Madhepura Assembly constituency is part of No. 13 [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)]] .&lt;ref name=commission/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Member&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhepura Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/madhepura.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> |[[Bhupendra Narayan Mandal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |[[Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |M.P. Yadav<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |Bholi Prasad Mandal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |[[Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Radha Kant Yadav<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |Bholi Prasad Mandal<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |1985^<br /> |[[Rajendra Prasad Yadav (Madhepura politician)|Rajendra Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |Radha Kant Yadav<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |Parameshwari Prasad Nirala<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |[[Rajendra Prasad Yadav (Madhepura politician)|Rajendra Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Manindra Kumar Mandal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Chandrashekhar Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ^By-election<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2025 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhepura&lt;ref name=&quot;election2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Chandrashekhar Yadav]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:108464}}<br /> |percentage = 45.27<br /> |change = {{increase}}5.75<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = Kavita Kumari Saha<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:100655}}<br /> |percentage = 42.01<br /> |change = {{increase}}10.31<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Pranav Prakash<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7894}}<br /> |percentage = 3.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Jan Suraaj Party<br /> |candidate = Shashi Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4634}}<br /> |percentage = 1.93<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate = Mukesh Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3652}}<br /> |percentage = 1.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sanjay Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2819}}<br /> |percentage = 1.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5828}}<br /> |percentage = 2.43<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.77<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7809}}<br /> |percentage = 3.26<br /> |change = {{decrease}}4.56<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:239590}}<br /> |percentage = 69.33<br /> |change = {{increase}}7.27<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2020 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhepura&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Chandrashekhar Yadav]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:81116}}<br /> |percentage = 39.52<br /> |change = -10.0<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = Nikhil Mandal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:65070}}<br /> |percentage = 31.7<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)<br /> |candidate = [[Pappu Yadav]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:26591}}<br /> |percentage = 12.96<br /> |change = +9.24<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |candidate = Saakar Suresh Yadav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:6356}}<br /> |percentage = 3.1<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Shashi Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5566}}<br /> |percentage = 2.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Vikram Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4295}}<br /> |percentage = 2.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Lalan Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2828}}<br /> |percentage = 1.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Lalo Rishidev<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1979}}<br /> |percentage = 0.96<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1352}}<br /> |percentage = 0.66<br /> |change = -0.92<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:16046}}<br /> |percentage = 7.82<br /> |change = -12.67<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:205250}}<br /> |percentage = 62.06<br /> |change = +1.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2015 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhepura&lt;ref name=&quot;election2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Chandrashekhar Yadav]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:90974}}<br /> |percentage = 49.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Vijay Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:53332}}<br /> |percentage = 29.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)<br /> |candidate = Ashok Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:6833}}<br /> |percentage = 3.72<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Jyoti Mandal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4386}}<br /> |percentage = 2.39<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ala Udin<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3605}}<br /> |percentage = 1.96<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Vishal Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2839}}<br /> |percentage = 1.55<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Ganesh Manav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2549}}<br /> |percentage = 1.39<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Kapildev Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2323}}<br /> |percentage = 1.26<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Hind Congress Party<br /> |candidate = Vinod Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2224}}<br /> |percentage = 1.21<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janta Dal Rashtravadi<br /> |candidate = Vijendra Yadav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2177}}<br /> |percentage = 1.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2907}}<br /> |percentage = 1.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:37642}}<br /> |percentage = 20.49<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:183722}}<br /> |percentage = 60.21<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}<br /> {{Kosi Division topics}}<br /> {{coord|25|55|01|N|86|46|53|E|region:IN-BR|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madhepura district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hariprasad_Desai&diff=502185 2026-04-02T15:18:48Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: new a details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian independence activist}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Hariprasad Desai<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1880|11|20}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Godhra]], [[British India]] (now in [[Panchmahal district]], [[Gujarat]], India)<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1950|03|20|1880|11|20}}<br /> | death_place = Gujarat, India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Activist, social worker<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | parents = Vrajrai Desai (Father)<br /> | signature = <br /> }}<br /> '''Hariprasad Vrajrai Desai''' (20 November 1880 – 31 March 1950) was an Indian independence activist, social worker and [[Gandhian]] from Gujarat, [[India]]. He was honored with the first [[Kumar Suvarna Chandrak]] (1944).<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> {{quote box<br /> | quote = &quot;My innermost desire would be to join him with a spade, a broom, a chunam bucket and a brush.&quot;<br /> | source = — [[Gandhiji]] wrote in 1925, commending the work of Dr Hariprasad Desai, who was trying to clean up Ahmedabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economic Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Doctor |first1=Vikram |title=Brooms in limelight: Tracing the history of a hand-made tool that will remain a part of our lives. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/brooms-in-limelight-tracing-the-history-of-a-hand-made-tool-that-will-remain-a-part-of-our-lives/articleshow/45081951.cms |access-date=7 July 2023 |date=9 November 2014 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707170427/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/brooms-in-limelight-tracing-the-history-of-a-hand-made-tool-that-will-remain-a-part-of-our-lives/articleshow/45081951.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Dsouza |first1=Alfie |title=Perfect Tool of Swachh Bharath! 'Maipusudi-Idisudi-Saroon'- whichever language you want to call It. |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/perfect-tool-of-swachh-bharath-maipusudi-idisudi-saroon-whichever-language-you-want-to-call-it/ |website=www.mangalorean.com |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707165609/https://www.mangalorean.com/perfect-tool-of-swachh-bharath-maipusudi-idisudi-saroon-whichever-language-you-want-to-call-it/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = right<br /> | width = 26em<br /> | bgcolor = #CCDDFF<br /> }}<br /> Desai was born on 20 November 1880 in [[Godhra]] in [[Panchmahal district]] of Gujarat. He completed his primary education in [[Ahmedabad]]. He studied in [[B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad]] and completed his LCPS (Licentiate of the College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons) from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1906. He started his medical practice at Sarangpur in Ahmedabad. He took an active part in ''[[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Bang Bhang Andolan]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gujarat Samachar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Dr. Makrand |title=અમદાવાદના અનોખા સેવાભાવી ડૉક્ટર હરિપ્રસાદ વ્રજરાય દેસાઈ (1880-1950) |trans-title=Dr. Hariprasad Vrajrai Desai, a unique service-minded doctor from Ahmedabad (1880-1950) |url=https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/ravi-purti/ravi-purti-05-december-2020-makrand-mehta |access-date=7 July 2023 |newspaper=Gujarat Samachar |date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163707/https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/ravi-purti/ravi-purti-05-december-2020-makrand-mehta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the first person to invite and convince [[Gandhiji]] to settle down in Ahmedabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Yagnik |first1=Achyut |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |title=Ahmedabad: From Royal city to Megacity |date=2 February 2011 |publisher=Penguin India |isbn=978-0143415787 |pages=368 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivMAUx6Hdl8C&amp;dq=%22Hariprasad+Desai%22&amp;pg=PT266 |access-date=7 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played an active role in an [[Indian independence movement]], including the [[Indian Home Rule movement|Home rule movement]], and was jailed four times for his patriotic activities. The book 'Patriotic Soul', edited by him, awakened patriotism among the people. He worked for many years as the president of Daskroi Taluka Congress Committee, Ahmedabad City Congress Committee and [[Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee|Gujarat Provincial Congress Committee]].<br /> <br /> He was put in charge of the [[Kheda Satyagraha of 1918]] in [[Mahemdavad]] taluka however the movement only reached five villages. This was due to the fact that Hariprasad Desai lived in [[Ahmedabad]] and travelled from the city to villages in a horse-carriage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District 1917–1934 |first=David |last=Hardiman |location=Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1981|page= 104}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was president of the [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation|Ahmedabad Municipality]] in 1930 and then chairman of its sanitary committee from 1931-34.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gujarat Samachar&quot;/&gt; He founded the Sanitary Association in Ahmedabad along with Dr. Kanuga and Dr. Benjamin. He had carefully cleaned the city of Ahmedabad seven times. He himself took a broom and cleaned the poles and removed tones of garbage. He served as a vice-president of [[Gujarat Sahitya Sabha]] from 1926-1929 and 1933-1950. He was also served as a vice-president of [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]] and dean of Lalit Kala department of [[Gujarat Vidyapith]]. He was a member of the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]] in 1946. He was minister of ''Gokhale Society'' and ''Swadeshi Mitra Mandal'' From 1905 to 1918.<br /> <br /> He wrote books such as 'Kalane Charne Charne', 'Ras Darshan', 'Jyare Nana Hata Tyare', 'Arogyan ni Vato', 'Jivan Sandesh', 'Papi ni Dasha', 'Vitamin ane Penicillin', 'Sahityane Charane'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gujarat Samachar&quot;/&gt; and 'Hindna Acharyo'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Chatterji |first1=Kedarnath |title=Hindna Acharyo |journal=The Modern Review |date=1947 |volume=81 |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VB0lAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=%22Hariprasad+Desai%22&amp;pg=PA236 |access-date=7 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Recognition==<br /> In 1944, Desai received the [[Kumar Suvarna Chandrak]], a literary award given by Kumar Trust, Ahmedabad for his contribution in [[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]] magazine published by Kumar Trust. He was the first person to get this award.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22Desai+Hariprasad+V.%22 Works of Hariprasad Desai on internet archive]<br /> * {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Hariprasad}}<br /> [[Category:1880 births]]<br /> [[Category:1950 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Panchmahal district]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Goa_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=522489 2026-03-31T04:56:37Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Goa}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = LS<br /> | name = North Goa &lt;Br&gt;{{Small|GA-1}}<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Goa/North Goa.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining North Goa Lok Sabha constituency<br /> | state = [[Goa]]<br /> | established = 2009<br /> | electors = 5,80,577&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | date=2024-05-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=26 May 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | assembly_cons = 20: [[Mandrem Assembly constituency|Mandrem]], [[Pernem Assembly constituency|Pernem]], [[Bicholim Assembly constituency|Bicholim]], [[Tivim Assembly constituency|Tivim]], [[Mapusa Assembly constituency|Mapusa]], [[Siolim Assembly constituency|Siolim]], [[Saligao Assembly constituency|Saligao]], [[Calangute Assembly constituency|Calangute]], [[Porvorim Assembly constituency|Porvorim]], [[Aldona Assembly constituency|Aldona]], [[Panaji Assembly constituency|Panaji]], [[Taleigao Assembly constituency|Taleigao]], [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency|Santa Cruz]], [[St. Andre Assembly constituency|St. Andre]], [[Cumbarjua Assembly constituency|Cumbarjua]], [[Maem Assembly constituency|Maem]], [[Sanquelim Assembly constituency|Sanquelim]], [[Poriem Assembly constituency|Poriem]], [[Valpoi Assembly constituency|Valpoi]] and [[Priol Assembly constituency|Priol]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Shripad Yasso Naik - Kolkata 2014-10-12 7755.JPG<br /> | mp = [[Shripad Yesso Naik]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | preceded_by = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''North Goa Lok Sabha constituency''' (formerly, '''Panaji Lok Sabha constituency''') is one of the two [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Goa]] state in western [[India]] along with [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Test-of-strength-as-Goa-votes-today-for-two-Lok-Sabha-seats/articleshow/33627781.cms|title=Test of strength as Goa votes today for two Lok Sabha seats - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 April 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> Presently, North Goa Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency comprises 20 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/ls-polls-register-7682-turnout-goa-break-previous-record |title=LS polls register 76.82% turnout in Goa, break previous record &amp;#124; iGoa |access-date=2014-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414002524/http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/ls-polls-register-7682-turnout-goa-break-previous-record |archive-date=2014-04-14 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! Name &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se99/background/S05/ListACs-GOA.html | title=List of Assembly Constituencies&amp;nbsp;— Goa | publisher=Election Commission of India | accessdate=2014-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !District<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Leading<br /> {{small|(in 2024)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Mandrem Assembly constituency|Mandrem]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;19&quot; |[[North Goa district|North Goa]]<br /> |[[Jit Arolkar]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Pernem Assembly constituency|Pernem]] (SC) <br /> |[[Pravin Arlekar]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | [[Bicholim Assembly constituency|Bicholim]]<br /> | [[Chandrakant Shetye]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | [[Tivim Assembly constituency|Tivim]]<br /> |[[Nilkanth Halarnkar]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | [[Mapusa Assembly constituency|Mapusa]]<br /> |[[Joshua D'Souza]]<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | [[Siolim Assembly constituency|Siolim]]<br /> | [[Delilah Lobo]]{{Efn|Joined BJP in Sept 2022|name=BJP}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | [[Saligao Assembly constituency|Saligao]]<br /> | [[Kedar Naik]]{{Efn|name=BJP}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | [[Calangute Assembly constituency|Calangute]]<br /> |[[Michael Lobo (politician)|Michael Lobo]]{{Efn|name=BJP}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | [[Porvorim Assembly constituency|Porvorim]]<br /> |[[Rohan Khaunte]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | [[Aldona Assembly constituency|Aldona]]<br /> | [[Carlos Alvares Ferreira]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | [[Panaji Assembly constituency|Panaji]]<br /> |[[Atanasio Monserrate]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | [[Taleigao Assembly constituency|Taleigao]]<br /> |[[Jennifer Monserrate]]<br /> |-<br /> | 13<br /> | [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency|Santa Cruz]]<br /> | [[Rodolfo Fernandes (politician)|Rodolfo Fernandes]]{{Efn|name=BJP}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14<br /> | [[St. Andre Assembly constituency|St. Andre]]<br /> | [[Viresh Borkar]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Revolutionary Goans Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | [[Cumbarjua Assembly constituency|Cumbarjua]]<br /> | [[Rajesh Faldessai]]{{Efn|name=BJP}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | [[Maem Assembly constituency|Maem]]<br /> |[[Premendra Shet]]<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | [[Sanquelim Assembly constituency|Sanquelim]]<br /> |[[Pramod Sawant]]<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | [[Poriem Assembly constituency|Poriem]]<br /> | [[Deviya Vishwajit Rane|Deviya Rane]]<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | [[Valpoi Assembly constituency|Valpoi]]<br /> |[[Vishwajit Pratapsingh Rane|Vishwajit Rane]]<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | [[Priol Assembly constituency|Priol]]<br /> | [[South Goa district|South Goa]]<br /> |[[Govind Gaude]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == Members of Parliament ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|''Panjim Lok Sabha''}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> |[[Pundalik Gaitonde]]^&lt;ref&gt;https://ceogoa.nic.in/appln/uil/StateProfile.aspx&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> |[[Peter Alvares]]^^<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> |[[Janardan Jagannath Shinkre]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|''Panaji Lok Sabha''}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> |[[Purushottam Kakodkar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> |Amrut Shivram Kansar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=6|title=Lok Sabha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131609/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=6|archive-date=2014-01-16|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> |[[Sanyogita Rane]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Switching-loyalties-didnt-help-most-LS-candidates/articleshow/33092389.cms|title=Switching loyalties didn't help most LS candidates |date=April 2, 2014|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br /> |[[Shantaram Naik]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=8|title=Lok Sabha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131723/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=8|archive-date=2014-01-16|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |[[Gopal Mayekar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=9|title=Lok Sabha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131707/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=9|archive-date=2014-01-16|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> |[[Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye|Harish Narayan Prabhu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=10|title=Lok Sabha|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131754/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=10|archivedate=2014-01-16|url-status=dead|accessdate=2014-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> |[[Ramakant Khalap]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> |[[Ravi Naik]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Shripad Naik]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|''North Goa Lok Sabha''}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Shripad Naik]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ^ Nominated in August 1962 and served till the first elections &lt;br/ &gt;<br /> ^^Elected in December 1963<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> ===2024 general election===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: North Goa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate =[[Shripad Yesso Naik]]<br /> |party=Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes=2,57,326<br /> |percentage=56.43<br /> |change={{down}}0.69<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate=[[Ramakant Khalap]]<br /> |votes=1,41,311<br /> |percentage=30.99<br /> |change={{down}}7.41<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate=[[Manoj Parab]]<br /> |party=Revolutionary Goans Party<br /> |votes=45,693<br /> |percentage=10.02<br /> |change=''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate=Milan R Vaingankar<br /> |party=Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes=1,625<br /> |percentage=0.36<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=None of the above<br /> |candidate=[[None of the Above]]<br /> |votes=6,328<br /> |percentage=1.39<br /> |change={{down}}0.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes=1,16,015<br /> |percentage=25.44<br /> |change={{up}}6.72<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes=4,57,222<br /> |percentage=78.73<br /> |change={{increase}}1.68<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner =BJP<br /> |swing ={{down}}0.69<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ===2019 general election===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: North Goa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Shripad Yesso Naik]]<br /> |votes = 2,44,844<br /> |percentage = 57.12<br /> |change = -1.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate=Girish Chodankar<br /> |votes=1,64,597<br /> |percentage=38.40<br /> |change=+5.86<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=None of the above<br /> |candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=7,063<br /> |percentage=1.65<br /> |change=+0.23<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate=Dattatray Padgoankar<br /> |votes=4,756<br /> |percentage=1.11<br /> |change=-2.79<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Republican Party of India<br /> |candidate=Amit Atmaram Korgoankar<br /> |votes=2,809<br /> |percentage=0.66<br /> |change=+0.66<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br /> |candidate = Bhagawant Sadanand Kamant<br /> |votes = 2,427<br /> |percentage = 0.57<br /> |change = +0.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br /> |candidate = Aishwarya Arjun Salgoankar<br /> |votes = 2,132<br /> |percentage = 0.50<br /> |change = +0.50<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes=80,247<br /> |percentage=18.72<br /> |change=-8.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes=4,29,006<br /> |percentage=77.05<br /> |change=-1.90<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2014 general election===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: North Goa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS051.htm?ac=1|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|accessdate=23 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Shripad Yesso Naik]]<br /> |votes = 2,37,903<br /> |percentage = 58.51<br /> |change = +11.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate=[[Ravi S. Naik]]<br /> |votes=1,32,304<br /> |percentage=32.54<br /> |change=+32.54<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate=Dr. Dattaram Desai<br /> |votes=15,857<br /> |percentage=3.90<br /> |change=+3.90<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=None of the above<br /> |candidate=[[None of the above]]<br /> |votes=5,770<br /> |percentage=1.42<br /> |change=---<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate=Suhas Naik<br /> |votes=5,640<br /> |percentage=1.39<br /> |change=-1.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br /> |candidate = [[Dayanand Narvekar]]<br /> |votes = 4,128<br /> |percentage = 1.02<br /> |change = +1.02<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes=1,05,599<br /> |percentage=25.98<br /> |change=+23.79<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes=4,06,631<br /> |percentage=78.95|<br /> change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2009 general election===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: North Goa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Shripad Yesso Naik]]<br /> |votes = 1,37,716 <br /> |percentage = 47.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=Jitendra Raghuraj Deshprabhu|votes=1,31,363|percentage=44.92|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Christopher Fonseca|votes=8,646|percentage=2.96|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|candidate=Raut Pandurang Dattaram|votes=6,638|percentage=2.27|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=6,353|percentage=2.17|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=2,92,295|percentage=60.02|change=}}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==As Panaji constituency==<br /> <br /> ===2004 general election===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Panaji}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Shripad Yasso Naik]]<br /> |votes = 144,842<br /> |percentage = 56.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Wilfred de Souza]]|votes=88,629|percentage=34.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Christopher Oswald Fonseca|votes=7,977|percentage=3.13|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|candidate=Paresh Atmaram Raikar|votes=5,377|percentage=2.11|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Sameer Anant Bandodkar|votes=4,027|percentage=1.58|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Ramesh Sakharam Naik|votes=2,541|percentage=1.00|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Bhonsle Dhuma Rajaram|votes=1,426|percentage=0.56|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=56,213|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=254,819|percentage=59.86|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General Election, 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Panaji}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> | party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | candidate = Shripad Yasso Naik<br /> | votes = 104,958<br /> | percentage = 54.96<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Khalap Ramakant|votes=68,237|percentage=35.73|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Fonseca Christopher|votes=6,105|percentage=3.20|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=Malik Sadanand Uttam|votes=4,988|percentage=2.61|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Sanjay Pundlik Harmalkar|votes=2,440|percentage=1.28|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Sequeira Savio Victor|votes=2,103|percentage=1.10|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Goa Vikas Party|candidate=Akhadkar Sweta Shashikant|votes=1,407|percentage=0.74|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Paddy Difle|votes=747|percentage=0.39|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=36,721|percentage=19.23|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General Election, 1998===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Panaji}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> | party = Indian National Congress<br /> | candidate = Ravi Sitaram Naik<br /> | votes = 68,224<br /> | percentage = 28.27<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Raut Pandurang Dattaram|votes=67,807|percentage=28.10|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|candidate=Khalap Ramakant Dattaram|votes=61,538|percentage=25.50|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=United Goans Democratic Party|candidate=Gaonkar Babuso Savlo|votes=43,719|percentage=18.12|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=417|percentage=0.17|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | winner = Indian National Congress<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General Election, 1996===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Panaji}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> | party = Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party<br /> | candidate = Khalap Ramakant Dattaram<br /> | votes = 92,348<br /> | percentage = 43.40<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kasar Amrut Shivram|votes=81,803|percentage=38.44|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Manohar Parrikar|votes=36,022|percentage=16.93|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Pandharinath Janardhan Kamat Dhakankar|votes=795|percentage=0.37|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Phadte Bandodkar Sitaram Ramanath|votes=610|percentage=0.29|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Cabral Anton Francis|votes=384|percentage=0.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=Mandrekar Deelip Dattaram|votes=371|percentage=0.17|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=K. M. Acharya|votes=255|percentage=0.12|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Sardessai Prataprao Naik Atmaram Shambhu|votes=201|percentage=0.09|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=10,545|percentage=4.96|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | winner = Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[North Goa district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Goa}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|15.67|73.81|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:North Goa (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Goa]]<br /> [[Category:North Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Goa]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritu_Sheoran&diff=530628 2026-03-30T04:24:01Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: made some data nd citations!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br /> <br /> '''Ritu''' '''Sheoran''' is an Indian kabaddi player from [[Haryana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravi |date=2026-03-20 |title=Indian team announced for Women Kabaddi World Cup 2025 |url=https://possible11.com/blog/indian-team-announced-for-women-kabaddi-world-cup-2025/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=possible11 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2026-01-25 |title=Fit India Sundays on Cycle celebrated at Attari Border ahead of Republic Day |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/fit-india-sundays-on-cycle-celebrated-at-attari-border-ahead-of-republic-day-1503546534.html |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She plays for the [[India women's national kabaddi team|Indian women's national kabaddi team]] and for Haryana in the domestic tournaments. She is a defender.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=T. H. S. |date=2025-03-02 |title=Three Daughters of Haryana Selected in Indian Kabaddi Team for Asian Championship |url=https://en.theharyanastory.com/article/1664/three-daughters-of-haryana-selected-in-indian-kabaddi-team-for-asian-championship |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=en.theharyanastory.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Ritu Sheoran Biography: Early Life, Domestic Career, Achievements, Social Media and More - Kabaddi Adda |url=https://www.kabaddiadda.com/kabaddi/ritu-sheoran-biography-early-life-domestic-career-achievements-social-media-and-more/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She is from Kakdoli Hatti village, [[Charkhi Dadri district]], [[Haryana]]. Her father is a farmer. She is employed with CISF in Panipat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> She was a part of the Indian women's national kabaddi team that won gold in the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 at Bangladesh in November 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=24 November 2025 |title=Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025: India defend title - all match results, scores and points table |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/women-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-results-scores-standings-points-table |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=Olympics}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daliya|first=Ragini|date=25 November 2025|title=India Women’s Kabaddi Team Wins 2025 World Cup: See Player Profiles|url=https://thebetterindia.com/web-stories/sports/india-womens-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-player-profiles-10810649|access-date=20 March 2026|website=The Better India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sheoran, Ritu}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Airlines_Flight_814&diff=453770 2026-03-29T07:28:58Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1999 Indian aircraft hijacking}}<br /> {{good article}}<br /> {{redirect|IC 814|the 2024 Netflix web series based solely on these events|IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox aircraft occurrence<br /> | name = Indian Airlines Flight 814<br /> | image = KandaharHijacking.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = The hijacked plane at [[Kandahar International Airport|Kandahar]] with [[Taliban]] men in the foreground<br /> | occurrence_type = Hijacking<br /> | date = 24 December 1999 – 31 December 1999<br /> | summary = [[Aircraft hijacking|Hijacking]]<br /> | site = Hijacked in Indian airspace en-route from [[Kathmandu]] to [[Delhi]]; Later landed at [[Amritsar]], [[Lahore]], [[Dubai]] and [[Kandahar]]<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | plane1_image = Airbus A300B2-101, Indian Airlines AN0133884.jpg<br /> | plane1_caption = The aircraft involved, VT-EDW, seen a few days after the hijacking<br /> | aircraft_type = [[Airbus A300|Airbus A300B2-101]]<br /> | operator = [[Indian Airlines]]<br /> | plane1_IATA = IC814<br /> | plane1_ICAO = IAC814<br /> | plane1_callsign = INDAIR 814<br /> | tail_number = VT-EDW<br /> | origin = [[Tribhuvan International Airport]]<br /> | destination = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]<br /> | passengers = 179 (including 5 hijackers)<br /> | crew = 11<br /> | injuries = 17<br /> | fatalities = 1<br /> | survivors = 189<br /> | occupants = 190<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Indian Airlines Flight 814''', commonly known as '''IC 814''', was an [[Indian Airlines]] [[Airbus A300]] that was [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] on 24 December 1999 by five members of [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]. The passenger flight, en route from [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]] to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], was taken over shortly after it entered Indian airspace at about 16:53 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. The aircraft had 190 occupants: 179 passengers and 11 crew members including [[Pilot in command|Captain]] [[Devi Sharan]], [[First officer (aviation)|First Officer]] Rajinder Kumar, and [[Flight engineer|Flight Engineer]] Anil Kumar Jaggia.<br /> <br /> The aircraft was flown to [[Amritsar airport|Amritsar]], [[Lahore Airport|Lahore]], and [[Al Minhad Air Base|Dubai]]. While in Dubai, the hijackers released 27 passengers plus the body of a male passenger who the hijackers had stabbed multiple times at Amritsar. Later, on 25 December, the hijackers forced the pilots to land in [[Kandahar airport|Kandahar]] in [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Afghanistan]]. Most of Afghanistan, including the Kandahar airport, was under the control of the [[Taliban]]. External intervention was hindered by Taliban men encircling the aircraft, and by the presence of two officers from the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] of Pakistan. On 27 December after two days of internal discussions, the [[Indian Government]] sent a team of negotiators headed by Vivek Katju from the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], which included officials [[Ajit Doval]] and [[C.D. Sahay]]. After days of negotiations, India agreed to release three men it had imprisoned for terrorism{{snd}}[[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh]], [[Masood Azhar]] and [[Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar]]{{snd}}in exchange for the hostages.<br /> <br /> The hostage crisis ended on 31 December when the passengers and crew were released after the Indian government handed the three prisoners over to the Taliban. Despite Indian expectations that the three former prisoners and the hijackers would be arrested, the men were driven to the Pakistan border and released, and they have since been suspected of involvement in other terrorism-related incidents such as the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], 2002 kidnapping and murder of [[Daniel Pearl]], [[2016 Pathankot attack]] and the [[2019 Pulwama attack]]. India's [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) charged ten people in relation to the case (with whereabouts unknown for seven including the five hijackers), of whom only two were convicted and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]]. The hijacking is a part of the [[2000 millennium attack plots|millennium attack plots]] in late 1999 and early 2000 by [[Al-Qaeda]] linked terrorists.<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> === Aircraft ===<br /> The aircraft involved was an Airbus A300B2-101, [[Aircraft registration|registered]] as VT-EDW with [[serial number]] 036 and was powered by two [[General Electric CF6|General Electric CF6-50C]] engines.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Unlawful Interference Airbus A300B2-101 VT-EDW, Friday 24 December 1999|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/323604|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831164539/https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/323604|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The aircraft carried 190 occupants which included 179 passengers and 11 crew members. The crew consisted of [[Pilot in command|Captain]] [[Devi Sharan]], [[First officer (aviation)|First officer]] Rajinder Kumar, and [[Flight engineer]] Anil Kumar Jaggia.&lt;ref name=&quot;BS&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/what-happened-during-ic-814-hijack-the-focus-of-netflix-s-new-series-124090200554_1.html|title=What happened during IC-814 hijack?|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=2 September 2024|access-date=2 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ic-814-aircraft-hijack-kandahar-real-story-9540351/|title=What was the IC-814 aircraft hijack, the subject of a new Netflix series?|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 September 2024|access-date=2 September 2024|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182409/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ic-814-aircraft-hijack-kandahar-real-story-9540351/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The passengers also included foreign nationals, amongst whom was Roberto Giori, the then-owner of [[De La Rue]] [[Gualtiero Giori|Giori]], a company that controlled the majority of the world's currency-printing business at the time.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Time&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Rahman|first=Maseeh|date=17 January 2000|title=Who Was That Special Passenger?|language=en-US|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053713,00.html|access-date=2 September 2020|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001195232/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053713,00.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hijackers ===<br /> The flight carried five members of [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] (HuM) amongst the passengers.&lt;ref name=&quot;BS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE&quot;/&gt; As per the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|India's ministry of external affairs]], the five perpetrators were later identified as Pakistani nationals Ibrahim Athar (from [[Bahawalpur]]), Shahid Akhtar Sayeed, Sunny Ahmed Qazi, Zahoor Mistry (all three from [[Karachi]]) and Shakir (from [[Sukkur]]). The hijackers used the code names Chief, Doctor, Burger, Bhola and Shankar respectively to refer to themselves.&lt;ref name=&quot;EAM&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/5481/Union+Home+Ministers+StatementIndian+Airlines+Flight+IC814|title=Union Home Minister's Statement(Indian Airlines Flight IC-814)|date=6 January 2000|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], [[Government of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Samir|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xO3HAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA213|title=Nothing But!|date=2014|publisher=[[Partridge Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-48281-787-4|page=213|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908102941/https://books.google.com/books?id=xO3HAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA213|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Athar, the brother of [[Masood Azhar]], along with his other brother Abdul Rauf Azhar and brother-in-law Yusuf Azhar, was involved in planning the hijacking..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite EBO|title=Hijacking of IC-814|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/hijacking-of-IC-814|last=Pereira|first=Andrew}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> HuM is an Islamist organisation based out of Pakistan. It had split from [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]] (HuI) in 1985 before reuniting in 1993 to form Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA). However, after HuA was declared a [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated terrorist organisation]] by the United States in 1997, it changed its name back to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stanford&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/harakat-ul-mujahedeen|title=Harakat-ul-Mujahedeen|work=[[Center for International Security and Cooperation]], [[Foreign Service Institute]], [[Stanford University]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=14 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114112754/https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/harakat-ul-mujahedeen|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|[[Jaish-e-Muhammad]] was formed as a splinter group of HuM by Masood Azhar in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stanford&quot;/&gt;|name=Group}} After its leaders were arrested by the [[Indian Armed Forces]] in 1993, the organisation perpetrated various attacks and kidnappings in India to secure the release of their leaders imprisoned in India. These included the killing of two [[Indian army]] personnel in 1994 and multiple incidents of kidnapping of Western tourists in [[1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India|1994]] and [[1995 kidnapping of Western tourists in Kashmir|1995]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stanford&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Kathmandu]] had been a major operational base for Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) and a hub for other illegal activities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot;/&gt; Based on later investigation and statements from others arrested in connection with the incident, the incident was reportedly planned for over two months. The hijackers and their associates made several trips to Kathmandu during this period. The hijack was originally planned for 27 December 1999 but was moved forward later. The tickets for the hijackers were booked through three different tour agencies under false names, and the booking was altered on 13 December. Access to the airport was facilitated through [[Dawood Ibrahim]].&lt;ref name=&quot;EAM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Swami|first=Praveen|title=Bowing to Terrorism|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253131.ece|access-date=1 June 2020|magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 January 2000|archive-date=8 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708185910/https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253131.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Hijacking ==<br /> On 24 December 1999, the flight took off from [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]] en route to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] after 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. It entered Indian airspace around 16:39, and the passengers and crew were being served refreshments. As chief steward Anil Sharma completed serving the pilots their refreshments, a man wearing a mask and brandishing a [[revolver]] and a [[grenade]] accosted him and demanded access to the cockpit. At 16:53, the pilot was told that the flight had been hijacked. The Delhi [[Air Traffic Control]] was informed of the situation at 16:56.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/714070/1/621.pdf|title=Suo Motu Statement by Minister of External Affairs in Parliament on the Hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC-814|date=1 March 2000|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|via=[[Parliament of India]]|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902133535/https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/5471/suo+motu+statement+by+minister+of+external+affairs+in+parliament+on+the+hijacking+of+indian+airlines+flight+ic814|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The hijackers instructed the flight captain to fly west towards the Pakistani [[air space]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IBN&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=7 September 2006|title=How Govt lost the IC-814 hijack deal|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/govt-fumbled-ic814-taken-away/20846-3.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326022254/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-fumbled-ic814-taken-away/20846-3.html|archive-date=26 March 2014|access-date=7 September 2006|work=[[IBN Live]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The hijacking of Indian Airlines flight IC-814|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/the-hijacking-of-indian-airlines-flight-ic-814-400555|access-date=1 September 2020|work=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028030823/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/the-hijacking-of-indian-airlines-flight-ic-814-400555|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[National Crisis Management Committee|Crisis Management Group]] (CMG) of the [[Indian Government]] led by [[Secretary to the Government of India|union secretary]] [[Prabhat Kumar]] was not convened immediately, and the information concerning the hijacking was not communicated at that time to the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] and the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|title=An eight-day ordeal|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253146.ece|access-date=2 September 2020|magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 January 2000|archive-date=16 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016221548/https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253146.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was traveling during the incident and was briefed regarding the incident only after he landed in Delhi. He later called an emergency meeting to discuss the situation.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=6}} Meanwhile, as per later accounts, the hijackers ordered the crew to take away the food that had been served, separated the male passengers from women and children, blindfolded them and threatened them with explosives if they did not cooperate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Landing at Amritsar and passenger stabbings===<br /> At 18:04, captain Sharan radioed the Indian ATC that they had only one hour of fuel left and that the Pakistani ATC had refused permission to land the aircraft at Lahore. He implored the ATC to reach out to Pakistan, as the hijackers did not want to land in India and had threatened to execute ten hostages if their demands were not met. At 18:30, the [[High Commission of India, Islamabad|Indian High Commission in Pakistan]] requested permission for the plane to land there, which was denied by the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=10 January 2000|title=Hijacking; ... in Amritsar, a speeding tanker causes panic|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20000110/cover2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811115701/http://india-today.com/itoday/20000110/cover2.html|archive-date=11 August 2010|access-date=8 June 2010|work=[[India Today]]|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; At 18:25, the CMG informed the [[National Security Guard]] (NSG) to prepare for a possible rescue mission.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> When informed of the fuel shortage, the hijackers allowed the captain to land at the [[Amritsar airport]] in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;/&gt; At 18:44, the flight began its descent towards Amritsar, following a message from the captain to the Indian ATC and the CMG was informed of the same.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; The Indian [[Home Minister (India)|home minister]] [[L. K. Advani]] and [[Director General of Police]] for the state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] Sarabjeet Singh both later stated that they came to know of the hijacking from the television news rather than being informed by the CMG.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt; As per the official guidelines, Singh asked the [[Inspector General of Police]] of the Amritsar area to take charge of the situation. As the officer was on leave, J.P. Birdi, who occupied the position previously, was sent to handle the situation.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> At 19:10, as the NSG team was ready to take off to Amritsar, it had to wait as the government negotiators did not arrive in time.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=6}}&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; On landing at Amritsar, the captain requested immediate refueling of the aircraft. The hijackers refused to communicate with local police officials while the plane was at the airport.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; Later eyewitness accounts indicated that the hijackers, upset by the delay in refueling, stabbed passengers Satnam Singh and Rupin Katyal with a knife, causing several wounds.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=7}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt; The captain made contact with the ATC four times, informing them that the hijackers were armed with [[AK-47|Kalashnikov rifles]] and had begun killing hostages, and requested them to refuel the plane as fast as possible to prevent any additional deaths.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=7}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; Captain Sharan later stated that he had hoped that the ordeal would end with the assistance of Indian government and that the plane would not have to take off again from Amritsar.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Citizen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mustafa|first1=Seema|date=5 July 2015|title=The Real Story: Kandahar Hijacking, Not A 'Goof Up' But A Major Cover Up|work=The Citizen|url=http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/4275/the-real-story-kandahar-hijacking-not-a-goof-up-but-a-major-cover-up|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201830/http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/4275/the-real-story-kandahar-hijacking-not-a-goof-up-but-a-major-cover-up|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Take-off to Lahore ===<br /> The CMG directed the authorities to ensure that the plane was immobilised at any cost and armed personnel of the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] were put in position to ensure the same. Meanwhile, the aircraft engines were kept running and the plane stayed on the [[runway]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; A refueling [[Bowser (tanker)|bowser]] was finally dispatched and was parked to the side of the aircraft.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=7}} As the aircraft started moving, it was ordered to block the aircraft from taking off and it narrowly missed hitting the plane.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt; Then [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] [[Brajesh Mishra]] later revealed that the government had advised for a [[sniper]] to be hidden in the bowser, who could shoot if required to disable the plane.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=6}} Later, it was revealed that this approach caused the hijackers to suspect that the refueling process would prevent their departure, and they ordered captain Sharan to take off immediately, resulting in the plane narrowly avoiding hitting the fuel tanker on the runway.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Eyewitness accounts later revealed that five passengers had been placed in seats towards the front with their hands bound, and the hijackers threatened that more hostages would be executed if the plane did not take off immediately.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt; The captain later said that he had to make a decision so as to stop them from killing the passengers.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=8}} Despite receiving no clearance to take-off, the plane left Amritsar airport at 19:47.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt; Captain Sharan announced the departure to the ATC stating, &quot;We are all dying.&quot; The NSG lifted off from Delhi at around 19:55 and arrived at the airport at 20:15 after the aircraft had departed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IT&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=8}}<br /> <br /> On approaching Lahore, the aircraft again requested permission to land, which was denied by the Pakistani ATC. All the lights and navigational aids at the [[Allama Iqbal International Airport|Lahore airport]] were turned off to prevent the plane from landing. As the plane had not been refueled in Amritsar, it was running out of fuel and captain Sharan indicated that he would have to crash-land the aircraft at Lahore. As he made an approach to land on a highway, believing it was the approach to the runway, the Pakistani ATC turned on the navigational aids and allowed the plane to land at the airport.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=10}}&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Baweja|first=Harinder|date=10 January 2000|title=Pakistan Foreign Office called India to say they were outraged the plane had landed in Lahore|magazine=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20000110-pakistan-foreign-office-called-india-to-say-they-were-outraged-the-plane-had-landed-in-lahore-776904-2000-01-10|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528053902/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20000110-pakistan-foreign-office-called-india-to-say-they-were-outraged-the-plane-had-landed-in-lahore-776904-2000-01-10|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The plane touched down in Lahore at 20:01.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt; On receiving information that the plane had landed in Lahore, India sought a transport for the Indian High Commissioner [[G. Parthasarathy]] to travel from [[Islamabad]] to Lahore and requested Pakistani authorities to ensure that the plane did not leave Lahore. The runway lights were again turned off to prevent the aircraft from taking off and Pakistani forces surrounded the plane.&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Sharan, the hijackers were ready to release some women and children aboard the flight, but were denied permission by Pakistani authorities. Parthasarathy later stated that his repeated requests to stop the plane from taking off were not heeded by Pakistan and that he was delayed due to transport difficulties.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=9}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Dixit&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Dixit |first=Jyotindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnzRttnqExUC&amp;pg=PA24 |title=India-Pakistan in war &amp; peace |date=2 August 2003 |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |isbn=978-0-20330-110-4 |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204123856/https://books.google.com/books?id=XnzRttnqExUC&amp;pg=PA24 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; By the time he arrived at the airport, the plane had been refueled and was allowed to leave.&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;/&gt; The plane took off from Lahore at around 22:32.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt; The Indian officials contacted Pakistan for confirmation of reports that passengers on board had been killed, but received no response from the Pakistani authorities.&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Diversion to Dubai ===<br /> Upon departure from Lahore, the crew was asked to set a course for [[Kabul]]. However, as the [[Kabul Airport]] did not have any night landing facilities at the time, the captain expressed his inability to do so. As the plane flew west, most [[Gulf countries]] closed their air space to prevent the plane from landing.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=10}} The flight was finally allowed to land at [[Al Minhad Air Base]] in [[Dubai]] and touched down at 01:32 on the next day. Following negotiations between the Emirate authorities and the hijackers, 27 passengers were released in exchange for re-fueling the aircraft. The body of the deceased 25-year-old Katyal, who had been stabbed earlier, was also offloaded at the air base.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=10}} The released passengers, including Satnam Singh, who had also been attacked by the hijackers in Amritsar, and the body of Katyal were later flown to India on a special relief plane on 25 December.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> While the plane was in Dubai, the Indian authorities wanted to attempt a rescue by Indian forces but the Emirate authorities refused permission.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swap&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=India wanted to raid IC-814 in Dubai, but Farooq Abdullah opposed swap, says former RAW chief AS Dulat|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/india-wanted-to-raid-ic-814-in-dubai-farooq-opposed-swap-ex-raw-chief-dulat/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=3 July 2015|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605052007/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/india-wanted-to-raid-ic-814-in-dubai-farooq-opposed-swap-ex-raw-chief-dulat/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=7 July 2015|title=NSG came close to raid IC-814 in Dubai|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NSG-came-close-to-raid-IC-814-in-Dubai/articleshow/47967046.cms|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=24 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424220131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NSG-came-close-to-raid-IC-814-in-Dubai/articleshow/47967046.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The authorities sent catering trucks in a bid to further delay the plane. However, the hijackers forced the captain to take off and the plane narrowly made it off the runway. Captain Sharan later opined that he could have chosen to crash the aircraft to prevent it from taking off, but it presented a fire risk as the plane was full of fuel and he could not have done it without the explicit permission of the authorities.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=11}} The plane took off from Dubai at 6:20 IST in the morning.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Landing in Kandahar and negotiations ===<br /> The aircraft landed at [[Kandahar airport]] in Afghanistan at 08:33.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt; Kandahar was under the control of [[Taliban]] and after the aircraft landed there, India had to negotiate with the Taliban authorities to reach out to the hijackers. India's lack of previous contact with the Taliban regime complicated the negotiating process.&lt;ref name=&quot;David&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCI4492cHTEC&amp;pg=PA405 |title=The greater game |isbn=978-0-77352-639-6 | page=405 |access-date=4 May 2014 |last1=Praagh |first1=David Van |year=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press|archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201091737/https://books.google.com/books?id=kCI4492cHTEC&amp;pg=PA405 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As India did not officially recognise the Taliban regime, it dispatched an official from its high commission in Islamabad to Kandahar with the [[United Nations]] also sending negotiators to assist in the situation.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=12}} Armed members of the Taliban surrounded the aircraft, which raised doubts to the Indian authorities on the real intention of the Taliban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Shah|first=Giriraj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7vLJpEDztYC&amp;pg=PA105|title=Hijacking and Terror in Sky|date=January 2002|publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-8-12611-090-2|pages=105–117|access-date=4 May 2014|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215185357/https://books.google.com/books?id=G7vLJpEDztYC&amp;pg=PA105|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Taliban maintained that the forces were deployed in an attempt to dissuade the hijackers from killing or injuring the hostages. However, military analysts believe it was done to prevent an Indian military operation against the hijackers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Gunaratna|first=Rohan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rO2HY8unF_sC&amp;pg=PA214|title=Inside Al Qaeda|date=5 June 2002|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|page=214|isbn=978-0-23112-692-2|access-date=4 May 2014|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227204527/https://books.google.com/books?id=rO2HY8unF_sC&amp;pg=PA214|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Taillon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOWlnOXhdLkC&amp;pg=PA188 |title=Hijacking and hostages |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-27597-468-8 |page=188 |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118121533/https://books.google.com/books?id=FOWlnOXhdLkC&amp;pg=PA188 |url-status=live |last1=Taillon |first1=J. Paul D. |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 25-26 December, India internally discussed their approach to negotiations, while passengers were still on board the flight. The plane's engine was running continuously to provide lighting and heating as the temperatures dropped during the night.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/584729.stm|title=Indian hijack drama over|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913042128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/584729.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Passengers later stated that they received irregular meals and had limited access to drinking water and sanitation facilities, and that the hijackers utilised the public announcement system on board the plane to proselytize to the passengers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Time&quot;/&gt; Home minister Advani opposed any release of prisoners in exchange for the hostages, as this would affect the public opinion of the government, while [[External Affairs Minister of India|external affairs minister]] [[Jaswant Singh]] advocated to negotiate with the Taliban. On 27 December, the Indian Government sent a team of negotiators headed by Vivek Katju, joint-secretary in the ministry of external affairs, along with officials [[Ajit Doval]] and [[C.D. Sahay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|pp=15-16}}<br /> <br /> The Indian negotiators saw that the Taliban had encircled the aircraft.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=16}} Negotiations did not progress, as Taliban officials refused to allow Indian special forces to attempt a covert operation, and declined to conduct an operation by their own special forces. To prevent any military action, Taliban officials later surrounded the aircraft with [[military tank]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt; Doval later said that the hijackers were getting active support from ISI in Kandahar and that the ISI had handled the pressure the Indians were trying to put on the hijackers, meaning that their safe exit was guaranteed, and they had no need to negotiate an escape route. He also stated that if the hijackers were not getting active support from the ISI, then India could have resolved the hijacking sooner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000517125618/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/feb/stunt.htm |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/feb/stunt.htm|journal=Defence Journal|archive-date=17 May 2000|title=Hijacking Stunt of Air India Aircraft}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Govt pressurised negotiators to end IC-814 hijacking by Dec 31: Doval|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Govt-pressurised-negotiators-to-end-IC-814-hijacking-by-Dec-31-Doval/article16835249.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 January 2010|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226151450/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Govt-pressurised-negotiators-to-end-IC-814-hijacking-by-Dec-31-Doval/article16835249.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dhawan|first1=Himanshi|title=ISI backed Kandahar hijackers: Plane crisis negotiator Ajit Doval|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/isi-backed-kandahar-hijackers-plane-crisis-negotiator-ajit-doval/articleshow/56558139.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2017|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528053403/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/isi-backed-kandahar-hijackers-plane-crisis-negotiator-ajit-doval/articleshow/56558139.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 27 December, a Taliban official speaking to a local newspaper stated that the hijackers should either leave Afghanistan or put down their weapons. Indian officials interpreted this statement as an understanding that Taliban officials would arrest the hijackers if they surrendered and began to negotiate with them concerning their demands.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt; The hijackers initially demanded the release of Masood Azhar, who was lodged in an Indian prison and stated that they will release ten Indians, five foreigners and other passengers of their choice if the condition is met. India refused the offer and stated that until all the terms are laid down to completely end the hijacking, there would be no negotiations. On the same day, the hijackers made three demands which included the release of 36 prisoners lodged in various Indian jails, the return of the body of HuM founder [[Sajjad Afghani]] and {{USD|200 million}} in cash.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt; Afghani had been arrested earlier by the Indian authorities and was killed during a jailbreak earlier in 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=Anil K. Jaggia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzcyEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT138 |title=IC 814 Hijacked: The Inside Story |author2=Saurabh Shukla |date=2021 |publisher=[[Roli Books Private Limited]] |isbn=978-8-19512-489-3 |page=138 |orig-date=2014 |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902191942/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzcyEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT138#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Prisoner release and end of the hijacking ===<br /> On further negotiations, the demand was ultimately reduced to the release of three prisoners: Masood Azhar, [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh|Omar Sheikh]] and [[Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar|Mushtaq Zargar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt; Azhar was arrested for terrorist activities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1994.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite news |last=Watson |first=Paul |author2=Sidhartha Barua |title=Somalian Link Seen to Al Qaeda |newspaper=[[LA Times]] |date=25 February 2002 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-022502hawk.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225225917/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-022502hawk.story |archive-date=25 February 2002}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; Sheikh had been arrested in connection with the 1994 kidnappings of foreigners perpetrated by HuA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Rath |first=Saroj Kumar |date=2020 |title=Ilyas Kashmiri through the Prism of HuJI, HuA, HuM, JeM, Brigade 313 and al Qaeda |url=https://www.academia.edu/44824474 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3704948 |s2cid=240721894 |issn=1556-5068|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first=Celia W. | last=Dugger | author-link=Celia W. Dugger | title=Confession in 1994 Case Evokes Pearl Abduction | date=8 February 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/08/world/a-nation-challenged-a-suspect-confession-in-1994-case-evokes-pearl-abduction.html?sec=&amp;spon=&amp;partner=permalink&amp;exprod=permalink | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=27 April 2010 | archive-date=17 July 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717080639/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/08/world/a-nation-challenged-a-suspect-confession-in-1994-case-evokes-pearl-abduction.html?sec=&amp;spon=&amp;partner=permalink&amp;exprod=permalink | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Zargar, who had at least three dozen murder cases registered against him, had been arrested on 15 May 1992 and imprisoned in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah&quot;/&gt; On 30 December, RAW chief [[A. S. Dulat]] communicated with then [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|chief minister]] of Jammu and Kashmir [[Farooq Abdullah]] to release the prisoners who were then lodged in the state prisons. Abdullah was opposed to releasing the prisoners, warning Dulat of the long-term consequences, but eventually agreed to the demands of the Indian government. The three prisoners were released and flown to Kandahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> By this time, the hostages had been allowed to de-plane by the hijackers, and the hijackers had also surrendered their weapons to the Taliban. Passenger accounts indicated the hijackers asked the passengers to show their gratitude to the Afghanistan government, following which money was collected and handed to one of the passengers, Anuj Sharma, who was instructed to use it to commission a memento of the hijacking for a museum in Kandahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt; India explicitly conveyed to the Taliban that it expected the Taliban to arrest and act against the perpetrators. However, instead of arresting the hijackers and the three prisoners who had been handed over to them, the Taliban authorities gave them ten hours to leave the country and drove them to the [[Afghanistan-Pakistan border]].&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Frontline&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Aftermath ==<br /> After the incident, Indian Airlines suspended all flights to and from Kathmandu. The airline resumed its Kathmandu services after five months on 1 June 2000 under the same flight numbers, after Nepal assured India of full security at Kathmandu's airport.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=8 May 2000|title=IA to resume flights to Kathmandu|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/may/08akd.htm|access-date=13 January 2024|work=[[Rediff.com]]|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113083019/https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/may/08akd.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nepal also agreed to the installation of an additional [[X-ray machine]] and a final screening of passengers by Indian security personnel at the airport.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2000|title=IA resumes flights to Nepal|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000602/main3.htm|access-date=13 January 2024|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113083019/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000602/main3.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2000, the [[Airport Sector (CISF)|security of Indian airports]] was handed over to the [[Central Industrial Security Force]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/cisf-replaces-usual-airport-security-drill-with-tactical-checking-1667937.html |title=CISF replaces usual airport security drill with 'tactical checking' |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=17 August 2014 |access-date=28 May 2020 |location=New Delhi |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822000622/http://www.firstpost.com/india/cisf-replaces-usual-airport-security-drill-with-tactical-checking-1667937.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=D. K. |title=Central Police Organisations, Part 1 |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=2005 |isbn=817-7-64902-7 |page=79 |chapter=Central Industrial Security Force – Airport Security}}&lt;/ref&gt; The hijacked aircraft was returned to Indian Airlines and was scrapped in December 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scrap&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Vishnoi|first1=Anubhuti|date=12 February 2008|title=Four years after IC-814 hijack, plane was sold as scrap|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/four-years-after-ic814-hijack-plane-was-sold-as-scrap/272365/1|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225144845/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/four-years-after-ic814-hijack-plane-was-sold-as-scrap/272365/1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Investigation and trial ===<br /> On 29 December, Indian intelligence intercepted a phone call from Pakistan that directed a [[Mumbai]] resident Abdul Latif Momin to contact a news agency in [[London]] and inform that the hijackers would blow the aircraft if their demands were not met.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> The hijacking was investigated by the Indian [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], which [[chargesheet|charged]] ten people including Latif, Dilip Kumar Bhujel, a Nepalese citizen known as Yusuf Nepali, and two Pakistan citizens Mohammed Iqbal and Mohammed Rehan. All were linked to the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and the Pakistani intelligence agency [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/pm-modis-surprise-lahore-visit-in-pictures-30864-2008-10-02|title=CBI seeks death penalty for IC-814 hijack accused|work=[[India Today]]|date=2 October 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902191922/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/pm-modis-surprise-lahore-visit-in-pictures-30864-2008-10-02|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amongst the ten charged, the seven Pakistani citizens, five hijackers and Iqbal and Rehan, could not be arrested as they were in Pakistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 October 2008|title=CBI seeks death penalty for IC-814 hijack accused|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=615303|url-status=dead|access-date=28 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603184959/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=615303|archive-date=3 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the governments of Nepal and UAE helped with the subsequent investigation, the government of Pakistan refused to cooperate on the same. During the course of the investigation, arrest warrants for the Pakistani nationals, were forwarded to the Pakistani government by the CBI for their extradition to India. Though the CBI also sought the help of [[Interpol]] and got [[red corner notice]]s issued against the seven, none of them were brought to trial.&lt;ref name=&quot;Justice&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=2492|title=IC-814: Facts, Trial, Verdict, and Implications|date=11 February 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|work=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The hijacked aircraft became the main piece of evidence involved in the subsequent criminal investigation and subsequently a model of the plane was created for the legal proceedings.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scrap&quot; /&gt; After almost eight years of litigation, a [[Patiala House Court|special court at Patiala]] sentenced Latif, Bhujel, and Nepali to [[life imprisonment]] on 5 February 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 February 2008|title=Patiala court gives life imprisonment to IC-814 hijacking convicts|work=[[One India]]|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2008/02/05/patiala-court-imprisonment-ic-814-hijacking-convicts-1202224500.html|access-date=28 June 2012|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222616/https://www.oneindia.com/2008/02/05/patiala-court-imprisonment-ic-814-hijacking-convicts-1202224500.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The CBI later moved the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] demanding the [[death penalty]] for Latif.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBI&quot; /&gt; When the case came up for hearing in September 2012, the High Court dismissed the CBI's plea and confirmed the life imprisonment for Latif. It also acquitted the other two from conviction under the anti-hijacking law and confirmed their conviction only under the less [[Arms Act, 1959|stringent arms act]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Plea&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=IC-814 hijack: SC to hear convict's plea against life sentence|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ic814-hijack-sc-to-hear-convicts-plea-against-life-sentence/1033619|date=21 April 2017|access-date=2 September 2020|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905225044/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ic814-hijack-sc-to-hear-convicts-plea-against-life-sentence/1033619|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=1 June 2012|title=Over 3 years in cold storage, case to come up for hearing in September|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/over-3-years-in-cold-storage-case-to-come-up-for-hearing-in-september/956374/|access-date=28 June 2012|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222617/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/over-3-years-in-cold-storage-case-to-come-up-for-hearing-in-september/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The CBI later approached the [[Supreme Court of India]] against the decision.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plea&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 13 September 2012, the [[Jammu and Kashmir Police]] arrested Mehrajuddin Dand, who allegedly provided logistical support for the hijacking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=IC-814 hijack: Key conspirator Mehrajuddin Dand arrested in Kishtwar district |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ic814-hijack-key-conspirator-arrested-in-jk/290984-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916090037/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ic814-hijack-key-conspirator-arrested-in-jk/290984-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|work=[[IBN Live]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meanwhile, Latif's application for parole was rejected in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 July 2015|title=High Court denies parole to Kandahar hijacker|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/hc-denies-parole-to-kandahar-hijacker/story-sdnVKkphQqN06zHgGIn2lL.html|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|access-date=20 July 2018|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720110153/https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/hc-denies-parole-to-kandahar-hijacker/story-sdnVKkphQqN06zHgGIn2lL.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 July 2020, Latif along with 18 others including an employee of the passport office, was acquitted by a sessions court in Mumbai on charges relating to the fabrication of passports in connection with the hijacking incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=11 July 2020|title=Court acquits 19 accused in case linked to Kandahar hijack|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/court-acquits-19-accused-in-case-linked-to-kandahar-hijack-6499925/|access-date=11 July 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712034008/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/court-acquits-19-accused-in-case-linked-to-kandahar-hijack-6499925/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; This did not affect his extant life sentence.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Domestic reaction ===<br /> The relatives of the passengers aboard the flight raised public protests and tried to enter government briefings and meetings forcefully to get information on the status of the passengers and demanded that the government adhere to the requests of the hijackers to ensure the safe release of the passengers. In response, the government shared a message from the Kandahar ATC which stated that the plane was being regularly cleaned, and that the passengers were being provided with food, water and entertainment. However, this was later contradicted by the released passengers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordeal&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The incident was seen by the Indian media as a failure of the Indian government and intelligence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2015/07/03/what-dulat-didnt-reveal-raw-officer-was-on-hijacked-plane-ic-814|title=16 Years On, Mystery of RAW Officer on Hijacked IC-814 Remains|work=[[The Quint]]| date=4 July 2015|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809233624/http://www.thequint.com/india/2015/07/03/what-dulat-didnt-reveal-raw-officer-was-on-hijacked-plane-ic-814|url-status=live|quote=While the entire security and political establishment goofed up in their response to prevent the hijack of Indian Airlines flight...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/kandahar-hijack-revisit-the-story-of-five-terrorists-bringing-india-on-its-knees-trading-176-lives-for-3-terrorists-810146/|title=Kandahar Hijack: Revisit story of five terrorists bringing India on its knees|last=Iqbal|first=Aadil Ikram Zaki|date=24 December 2015|work=[[India.com]]|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142310/https://www.india.com/news/india/kandahar-hijack-revisit-the-story-of-five-terrorists-bringing-india-on-its-knees-trading-176-lives-for-3-terrorists-810146/|url-status=live|quote=The failure of Indian government during the Kandahar hostage crisis has become a blot on Indian history.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Media reports also criticised the government officials for not informing the Indian prime minister about the incident for more than an hour after the hijacking had begun.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=6}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Citizen&quot;/&gt; In a report to the [[Indian Parliament]] on 1 March 2000, the external affairs minister Jaswant Singh stated that the government was not initially aware that the aircraft would land at Amritsar and there was limited information about the number of perpetrators and the nature of weapons. He further stated that any action would have contributed to undue risk as the information from the flight crew indicated that attackers had already killed passengers and the Indian authorities made all efforts to stop the aircraft from taking off from Amritsar.&lt;ref name=&quot;EA&quot;/&gt; Singh received criticism from the media for praising the Taliban for their co-operation after the hostages had been returned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Failure of diplomacy|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253144.ece|access-date=2 September 2020|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 January 2000|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222616/https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253144.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to a report in [[Firstpost]], then RAW chief Dulat had revealed that Shashi Bhushan Singh Tomar, a RAW officer, was aboard the plane during the hijacking. It further opined that a proposal to send the NSG was apparently sabotaged by then [[Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India|secretary to the Indian prime minister]] [[N. K. Singh]], whose sister was married to Tomar. According to former RAW officer R. K. Yadav, Tomar was alerted by a RAW operative in Kathmandu of plans by Pakistan-based terrorists to hijack an Indian plane. However, Tomar rebuked him and told him not to spread rumors. The report further stated that somehow Tomar ended up on the same plane which was hijacked and became the cause of failure of the operation.&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|title=Ex-RAW chief wasn't totally honest with us in his book: Here's what Dulat didn't tell us about IC-814|magazine=[[Firstpost]]|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/ex-raw-chief-wasnt-totally-honest-with-us-in-his-book-heres-what-dulat-didnt-tell-us-about-ic-814-2336728.html|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201726/https://www.firstpost.com/india/ex-raw-chief-wasnt-totally-honest-with-us-in-his-book-heres-what-dulat-didnt-tell-us-about-ic-814-2336728.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === International reaction ===<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]] led by [[Osama bin Laden]] provided organisational support for the hijacking and the incident was a part of the [[2000 millennium attack plots|millennium attack plots]] in late 1999 and early 2000 by Al-Qaeda linked terrorists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Other Millennium Attacks|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/inside/attacks.html|work=[[PBS]]|date=25 October 2001|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904031028/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/inside/attacks.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Bruce O.|last=Riedel|year=2012|title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ULgk7_oWB1EC&amp;pg=PA58|publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]]|pages=58–59|isbn=978-0-815-72274-8|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222620/https://books.google.com/books?id=ULgk7_oWB1EC&amp;pg=PA58|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Dilip|last=Hiro|year=2014|title=War Without End: The Rise of Islamist Terrorism and Global Response|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1G4AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA288|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=287–288|isbn=978-1-13648-556-5|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222614/https://books.google.com/books?id=J1G4AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA288|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Government of the United States]] released a press release condemning the hijacking incident and called for the release of hostages.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/briefings/statements/1999/ps991227.html|title=India: Hijacking of Indian Airliner|date=27 December 1999|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Government of the United States]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Though the United States had started engaging against the Al-Qaeda after the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|bombings of American embassies in Africa in 1998]], it actively engaged against the Taliban only after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=17}} In 2008, Jaswant Singh opined that the hijacking was a prelude to the 2001 attacks, and criticised that the United States spent millions in Pakistan in the name of fighting terrorism, but the country did not cooperate in taking action against the perpetrators.&lt;ref name=&quot;Justice&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> UAE was one of the three countries that recognised the Taliban regime during the time. While it cooperated with the Indian authorities and helped with the release of hostages, it did not do much to prevent the plane from taking off from the country.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|p=10}} The Pakistani government did not provide support in ending the hijack attempt and the Indian officials described the involvement of ISI in the hijacking. However, [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Pakistan foreign minister]] [[Abdul Sattar (diplomat)|Abdul Sattar]] accused India of staging the hijacking to defame the government of Pakistan.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|pp=16-17}}<br /> <br /> === Indian foreign policy ===<br /> Doval, who was part of the negotiating team, described the whole incident as a diplomatic failure due to the government's inability to force the US and the UAE to help secure a quick release of the passengers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=IC-814 was India's 'Diplomatic Failure': Doval|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/ic-814-was-indias-diplomatic-failure-doval/671686|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=24 December 2009|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052356/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/ic-814-was-indias-diplomatic-failure-doval/671686|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; India had actively opposed the Taliban regime ever since it gained power in Afghanistan in 1996 as they were suspected to be involved in training militants for attacks in [[Indian Kashmir]] region.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Indian Foreign Policy|author1=C. Raja Mohan|author2=David M. Malone|author3=Srinath Raghavan|date=23 July 2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19106-119-6|page=245|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6V2KCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT245}}&lt;/ref&gt; Though Taliban had publicly indicated the displeasure at the hijacking, it did not actively help India and shared some similar interests with the ISI.{{sfn|Macdonald|2017|pp=16-17}}<br /> <br /> It was a set back to the Indian government as it was forced to directly negotiate with the Taliban, which it had not recognised previously.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;/&gt; It later supported the [[Northern Alliance]] and provided logistical support to them in the fight against the Taliban. The leader of the alliance, [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]], visited India on multiple occasions to discuss strategies to take on the Taliban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/world/how-india-aided-northern-alliance-chief-ahmad-shah-massoud-fight-taliban-10436401.htm|title=How India aided Northern Alliance chief Ahmad Shah Massoud fight Taliban|work=[[CNBC TV18]]|date=20 August 2021|access-date=1 February 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202032058/https://www.cnbctv18.com/world/how-india-aided-northern-alliance-chief-ahmad-shah-massoud-fight-taliban-10436401.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the subsequent [[US invasion of Afghanistan]], the Indian government provided intelligence to the US on the locations of training camps of Islamic militants in Afghanistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/09/19/inv.afghanistan.camp/|title=India identifies terrorist training camps|work=[[CNN]]|date=19 September 2001 |last=Bindra|first=Satinder|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073323/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/09/19/inv.afghanistan.camp/|archive-date=10 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Actions of released prisoners ===<br /> The three released terrorists and the hijackers have since been implicated in other terrorist incidents such as the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], 2002 kidnapping and murder of American journalist [[Daniel Pearl]], [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], [[2016 Pathankot attack]] and the [[2019 Pulwama attack]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/where-are-the-3-terrorists-who-were-swapped-for-170-passengers-of-hijacked-ic-814/339781/|title=Where are the 3 terrorists who were swapped for 170 passengers of hijacked IC-814?|work=[[The Print]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pakistan-blamed-by-india-for-raid-on-parliament-620439.html|title=Pakistan blamed by India for raid on parliament|work=[[The Independent]]|date=21 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221172052/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pakistan-blamed-by-india-for-raid-on-parliament-620439.html|archive-date=21 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Omar Sheikh sentenced to death in Pearl murder case|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/15pak.htm|date=2007-07-15|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730203321/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/15pak.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azhar later founded [[Jaish-e-Muhammed]] in 2000, which gained notoriety for its alleged role in the various attacks that led to the death of hundreds of Indian civilians and armed forces personnel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Swami|first1=Praveen|author1-link=Praveen Swami|date=22 February 2019|title=The Jaish-e-Mohammad's fidayeen factory: How Masood Azhar set up his industry of terror in Kashmir|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/the-jaish-e-mohammads-fidayeen-factory-how-masood-azhar-set-up-his-industry-of-terror-in-kashmir-6129311.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908102941/https://www.firstpost.com/india/the-jaish-e-mohammads-fidayeen-factory-how-masood-azhar-set-up-his-industry-of-terror-in-kashmir-6129311.html|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9eqvc-Ru3cC&amp;pg=PA242|title=How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of ... – Roy Gutman – Google Books|date=18 January 2020|isbn=978-1-60127-024-5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118124452/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9eqvc-Ru3cC&amp;pg=PA242|archive-date=18 January 2020|last1=Gutman|first1=Roy|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheikh went on to join Azhar at JeM in 2000 after the release. He was later arrested in 2002 by Pakistani authorities for the abduction and murder of Daniel Pearl.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1804710.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|title=Profile: Omar Saeed Sheikh|date=16 July 2002|access-date=5 May 2010|archive-date=7 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507082334/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1804710.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/pearl_07-15-02.html|title=Pakistan Convicts Four Men in Pearl Murder|work=[[PBS]]|date=15 July 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309090127/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/pearl_07-15-02.html|archive-date=9 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He also played a significant role in planning the September 2001 attacks in the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=7 February 2001|title=Suspected Mastermind of Pearl Killing Arrested|work=[[CNN]]|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0202/12/bn.02.html|access-date=29 June 2006|archive-date=22 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522051836/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0202/12/bn.02.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since his release, Zargar has played an active role in training Islamic militants in [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistan administrated Kashmir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=India's Response To Terrorism – Are We Losing The War?|url=http://desicritics.org/2008/07/27/132626.php|last=Mishra|first=Abhinandan|date=27 July 2008|work=Desicritics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928221117/http://desicritics.org/2008/07/27/132626.php|archive-date=28 September 2008|access-date=4 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Status of hijackers ===<br /> [[Amjad Farooqi]], who was earlier involved in the 1995 kidnapping of Western tourists in Kashmir by [[Al-Faran]], was also involved in the hijacking under the alias Mansur Hasnain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rassler|first=Don|date=18 December 2017|title=Al-Qaida and the Pakistani Harakat Movement: Reflections and Questions about the pre-2001 Period|url=http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/655|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=11|issue=6|issn=2334-3745|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120001809/http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/655|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 March 2022, one of the hijackers, Zahoor Mistry, was killed by unidentified gunmen in a drive-by shooting in [[Karachi]], Pakistan. He was responsible for the murder of Rupin Katyal during the hijacking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/ic814-victim-rupin-katyal-gets-justice-hijacker-ibrahim-killed-in-karachi-101646712210813.html|title=IC-814 victim Rupin Katyal gets justice, hijacker Ibrahim killed in Karachi|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=1 March 2022|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=24 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624195523/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/ic814-victim-rupin-katyal-gets-justice-hijacker-ibrahim-killed-in-karachi-101646712210813.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ellis-Petersen|first1=Hannah|last2=Hassan|first2=Aakash|last3=Baloch|first3=Shah Meer|title=Indian government ordered killings in Pakistan, intelligence officials claim|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/04/indian-government-assassination-allegations-pakistan-intelligence-officials|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 April 2024|access-date=10 June 2024|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902191622/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/04/indian-government-assassination-allegations-pakistan-intelligence-officials|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian media reported that [[Abdul Rauf Azhar]], one of the accused and alleged mastermind behind the hijacking and Mohammad Yusuf Azhar, another named suspect in the hijacking, were allegedly killed in an airstrike by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Bahawalpur]], Pakistan, as a part of [[Operation Sindoor]] on 7 May 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/b0003vgw |title=Explainer: Who were militants killed in Indian strikes in Pakistan? |first=Zainul |last=Abid |date=14 May 2025 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: Five top figures of LeT and JeM were killed say security agencies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/operation-sindoor-top-five-terrorists-killed-in-may-7-strike-say-govt-sources/article69560479.ece |access-date=27 May 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Abdul Rauf Azhar, Jaish Terrorist &amp; Mastermind Of IC-814 Hijacking, Killed In Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.news18.com/india/abdul-rauf-azhar-mastermind-of-ic-814-hijacking-killed-in-operation-sindoor-strikes-in-pakistan-9328542.html |date=8 May 2025 |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, while international media sources acknowledged an attack on an [[Islamic seminary]] near Bahawalpur,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Why did India strike Pakistan? All we know about Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/7/why-did-india-strike-pakistan-all-we-know-about-operation-sindoor |date=7 May 2025 |access-date=5 March 2026 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Naiyyar Peshimam |first=Gibran |date=7 May 2025 |title=India strikes &quot;alleged&quot; headquarters of militant groups in Pakistan's heartland |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/reduced-rubble-india-strikes-alleged-headquarters-militant-groups-pakistans-2025-05-07/ |url-status=live |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=1 June 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; there was no confirmation on whether Abdul Rauf and Yusuf Azhar were present during the strike, or their whereabouts after the attack,&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;/&gt; and Pakistani media reported that only civilians were killed in the attack.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=8 May 2025 |title=Deaths and destruction in Bahawalpur, Muridke after Indian strikes |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1909295 |access-date=5 March 2026 |work=[[Dawn News]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == In popular culture ==<br /> Captain Sharan was awarded the 1999 Safe Skies Award for &quot;extraordinary coolness and courage in life-or-death circumstances&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.conway.com/wdf/safesky2.htm#1999|title=Indian Airlines Capt. Devi Sharan was awarded the 1999 Safe Skies Award|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050511003857/http://www.conway.com/wdf/safesky2.htm#1999|access-date=2 September 2024|archive-date=11 May 2005|work=Conway}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Books ===<br /> The incident has the subject of several books including various books co-authored by various members of the flight crew.<br /> * ''Flight into Fear – A Captain's Story'' (2000) by [[Devi Sharan|Captain Devi Sharan]] and Srinjoy Chowdhury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Devi Sharan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktEVAQAAMAAJ|title=Flight Into Fear: The Captain's Story|author2=Srinjoy Chowdhury|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-140-29755-3|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629201839/https://books.google.com/books?id=ktEVAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''IC 814 Hijacked! The Inside Story'' (2000) by Flight engineer Anil Jaggia and Saurabh Shukla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Anil K. Jaggia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9EVAQAAMAAJ|title=IC814 Hijacked!: The Inside Story|author2=Saurabh Shukla|publisher=Lotus Collection|year=2000|isbn=978-8-17436-109-7|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629201839/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9EVAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''[[173 Hours in Captivity]]'' (2000) by [[Neelesh Misra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Misra|first=Neelesh|author-link=Neelesh Misra|title=173 Hours in Captivity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7teK7XksfYC|year=2000|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=8-172-23394-9|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020222616/https://books.google.com/books?id=I7teK7XksfYC|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''IA's Terror Trail'' (2020) by [[flight purser]] Anil Sharma and intelligence official [[Ajit Doval]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Anil|title=IA's Terror Trail|last2=Doval|first2=Ajit K.|date=1 January 2014|id={{ASIN|935156181X|country=in}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-families-deal-with-the-trauma-of-losing-a-loved-one-in-aviation-tragedies/articleshow/33222460.cms?from=mdr|title=How families deal with the trauma of losing a loved one in aviation tragedies|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809102141/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-families-deal-with-the-trauma-of-losing-a-loved-one-in-aviation-tragedies/articleshow/33222460.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Film and television ===<br /> *''[[Zameen (2003 film)|Zameen]]'' (2003): A [[Hindi]] film loosely based upon the IC 814 hijacking and [[Operation Entebbe]] of the [[Israel Defense Forces]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT261 |chapter=Taking Flight: 10 Aircraft and Photos |title=Bollybook: The Big Book of Hindi Movie Trivia |author=Diptakirti Chaudhuri |publisher=[[Penguin UK]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-9-35118-799-8 |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203103736/https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT261 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''Combatting Terror'' (2007): The incident was part of the episode &quot;Air Hijack&quot; in the series featured on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic Channel]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/05/stories/2007090550450200.htm|title=Inside the world of terror|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830021215/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/05/stories/2007090550450200.htm|archive-date=30 August 2008|date=5 September 2007|access-date=5 September 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Hijack (2008 film)|Hijack]]'' (2008): A Hindi film by Kunal Shivdasani, starring [[Shiney Ahuja]] and [[Esha Deol]] based on the incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hijack|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hijack/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=5 September 2008 |access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629144951/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hijack/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'' (2010): A [[Malayalam]] film by [[Major Ravi]] based on the hijack event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=14 April 2010|title=Big B in 'Kandahaar' along with Sunil Shetty|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/56171.html|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=23 November 2010|archive-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613165229/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/56171.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''[[Payanam (2011 film)|Payanam]]'' (2011): A [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film by [[Radha Mohan]] based on a similar incident involving an Indian Airlines flight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Prakash Raj confirms Payanam on Dec 3|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-confirms-payanam-on-dec-3-news-tamil-kldldmaiceb.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106020214/http://sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-confirms-payanam-on-dec-3-news-tamil-kldldmaiceb.html|archive-date=6 November 2010|access-date=25 October 2011|work=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * [[Yodha (2024 film)|''Yodha'']] (2024): A Hindi film directed by Sagar Ambre and Pushkar Ojha references the incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Nationalist Hindi Films' Impact on Elections |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/nationalist-hindi-films-impact-on-elections-11712925865926.html |work=[[Livemint]] |access-date=1 June 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526085703/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/nationalist-hindi-films-impact-on-elections-11712925865926.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * ''[[IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack]]'' (2024): A a six-episode [[Netflix]] [[miniseries]] by [[Anubhav Sinha]] based on the book by Captain Devi Sharan and Srinjoy Chowdhury.&lt;ref name=&quot;BS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025): A Hindi film by [[Aditya Dhar]] partially based on the incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar Plot Leaked Online, Film Based On Kandahar Hijack, Post-Credit Scene Teases Part 2 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dhurandhar-plot-leaked-online-film-based-on-kandahar-hijack-post-credit-scene-teases-part-2-9742086/ |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[List of hijackings of Indian aeroplanes|List of hijackings of Indian airplanes]]<br /> *[[1971 Indian Airlines hijacking]]<br /> *[[Air India Flight 182]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Macdonald |first=Myra |year=2017 |title=Defeat Is an Orphan: How Pakistan Lost the Great South Asian War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxgxDgAAQBAJ |publisher=Hurst &amp; Co. |isbn=978-1-84904-858-3}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{ASN accident|id=19991224-1|type=Hijacking}}<br /> *{{Cite EBO|title=Hijacking of IC-814|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/hijacking-of-IC-814|last=Pereira|first=Andrew}}<br /> *[http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06ia.htm Photographs of the hijackers]. [[Rediff.com]].<br /> *[http://www.mumbai-central.com/nukkad/jan2000/msg00095.html My experiences aboard IC-814 by a passenger] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20051113224609/http://www.mumbai-central.com/nukkad/jan2000/msg00095.html Archive]). ''Mumbai Central''.<br /> <br /> {{Aviation incidents and accidents in 1999}}<br /> {{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}<br /> {{Aviation accidents and incidents in Afghanistan}}<br /> {{Air India}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Nepal|India|Aviation|Afghanistan|Pakistan|United Arab Emirates|1990s}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999]]<br /> [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:Aircraft hijackings in India]]<br /> [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]<br /> [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1999]]<br /> [[Category:Hostage taking]]<br /> [[Category:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents|814]]<br /> [[Category:1999 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A300]]<br /> [[Category:Vajpayee administration]]<br /> [[Category:Hijackings in the 1990s]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents in the United Arab Emirates]]<br /> [[Category:December 1999 in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:December 1999 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 1999]]<br /> [[Category:2000 millennium attack plots]]<br /> [[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:1999 murders in India]]<br /> [[Category:1999 disasters in Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:Afghanistan–India relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–Nepal relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–United Arab Emirates relations]]<br /> [[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents attributed to Pakistani jihadist groups]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks in Asia]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhairava&diff=469661 2026-03-27T15:14:07Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: basic cleaned up structure to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Hindu deity}}<br /> {{other uses}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox deity<br /> | type = Hindu<br /> | image = Shiva as Bhairava LACMA M.70.42.4 (2 of 7).jpg<br /> | caption = South Indian depiction of Bhairava riding on his [[vahana]] (dog), 12th century<br /> | mantra = {{IAST|Oṁ Bhairavāya Namaḥ}}<br /> | affiliation = [[Shiva]]<br /> | weapon = [[Trishula]], [[Khaṭvāṅga]], [[Sword]], [[Kapala]], [[Sickle]], [[Vajra]], [[Noose]], [[Pinaka (Hinduism)|Pinaka bow]], [[Pashupatastra|Pashupatastra<br /> arrow]], [[Vajra|Pestle]] and [[Damaru]]<br /> | consort = [[Bhairavi]], [[Kali]]<br /> | mount = [[Dog]]<br /> | festivals = [[Bhairava Ashtami]]<br /> | number = [[33 (number)|33]]<br /> | day = Monday, Tuesday, or Sunday<br /> }}<br /> {{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br /> {{Saivism}}<br /> [[File:muthappan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Muthappan]], Kaalabhairavan worshipped in ancestral form through [[Theyyam]] form, in the northern region of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. ]]<br /> '''Bhairava''' ({{langx|sa|भैरव}}, {{lit|frightful}}), or '''Kāla Bhairava''', is a [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] and [[Vajrayana|Vajrayāna]] deity worshipped by [[Hindu deities|Hindus]] and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]]. In [[Shaivism]], he is a powerful manifestation, or avatar, of [[Shiva]].&lt;ref name=&quot;k1&quot;&gt;Kramrisch, Stella (1994). ''The Presence of Śiva''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 471. {{ISBN|0691019304}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/76|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 76|editor=Gautam, K.S. |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.philhine.org.uk/writings/tt_wrathful.html|title=Bhairava: The Wrathful|access-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213012725/http://www.philhine.org.uk/writings/tt_wrathful.html|archive-date=13 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the tradition of [[Kashmir Shaivism]], Bhairava represents the Supreme Reality, synonymous to [[Para Brahman]].&lt;ref name=&quot;s1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tantra Illuminated&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wallis |first=Christopher D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0YwDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=trika+++bhairava&amp;pg=PT228 |title=Tantra Illuminated: The Philosophy, History, and Practice of a Timeless Tradition |date=2013-08-15 |publisher=Mattamayura Press |isbn=978-0-9897613-6-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Generally in Hinduism, Bhairava is also called '''Daṇḍapāni''' (&quot;[he who holds the] danda in [his] hand&quot;), as he holds a rod or ''danda'' to punish sinners, and '''Śvāśva''', meaning, &quot;he whose vehicle is a dog&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehgal1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last= Sehgal |first= Sunil|title= Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: C-G, Volume 2|publisher= Sarup &amp; Sons |year=1999|isbn=978-81-7625-064-1|pages=491–492}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Vajrayana]] Buddhism, he is considered a [[Fierce deities|fierce emanation]] of [[boddhisatva]] [[Mañjuśrī]], and also called [[Heruka]], [[Vajrabhairava]], Mahākāla and [[Yamantaka]].&lt;ref&gt;Whalen-Bridge, John; Storhoff, Gary (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150911080216/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/The%20Emergence%20of%20Buddhist%20American%20Literature_Whalen-Bridge_Storhoff.pdf ''The Emergence of Buddhist American Literature'']. State University of New York Press. p. 170. {{ISBN|978-1-4384-2659-4}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Davidson, Ronald M. (2003) ''Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement''. Columbia University Press. p. 211. {{ISBN|0231126190}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhairava is worshipped throughout [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Japan]], as well as in [[Tibetan Buddhism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q55879169|last=Johnson|first=W. J}} {{ODNBsub}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q55919026|title=Bhairava}} {{ODNBsub}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> Bhairava originates from the word ''bhīru'', which means &quot;fearsome&quot;. Bhairava means &quot;terribly fearsome form&quot;. It is also known as one who destroys fear or one who is beyond fear.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Hiltebeitel|Hiltebeitel]]&lt;/ref&gt;{{Full citation needed|date=May 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Hinduism==<br /> === Legend ===<br /> [[File:Shiva Slaying Andhaka sculpture in Cave 1 of Elephanta Caves.jpg|thumb|left|Bhairava depicted in [[Elephanta Caves]], mid-5th century]]<br /> [[File:Shivalinga LACMA M.91.10 (6 of 8).jpg|thumb|left|Mahakala Bhairava depicted on a chaturmukha (four-faced) ''[[lingam]]'', 10th century]]<br /> [[File:Ancient Indian stone sculpture Indian Museum Kolkata 20.jpg|thumb|Dancing Bhairava, [[Bengal]], 12th century]]<br /> The legend of the origin of Bhairava is traced back to a conversation between [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]] described in the [[Shiva Purana]].&lt;ref&gt;The Śiva Purana, ''Śatarudra Samhita'', chapter 8, ''The Śiva Purana'', part III (English translation), Motilal banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi, reprint edition (2002), pp. 1097–1103.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shiva manifested as a [[Jyotirlinga|pillar of light]] to settle the dispute of superiority between Brahma and Vishnu. Brahma dishonestly proclaimed his victory, stating that he had discovered the higher end of the pillar of light. To punish him for his dishonesty and arrogance, Shiva produced Bhairava from the region between his brows. When Bhairava sought instruction from Shiva, the deity directed him to &quot;worship Brahma with his sharp-pointed quick-moving sword&quot;. Bhairava decapitated the fifth head of Brahma for uttering the falsehood. Vishnu interceded on Brahma's behalf and sought mercy, and the two deities then worshipped Shiva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Shastri |first=J. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kbmDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Dear%2C+here+is+Brahm%C4%81%2C+the+first+deity+of+the+universe&amp;pg=PA58 |title=The Siva Purana Part 1: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 1 |date=2000-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3868-0 |pages=57–60 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Having committed the sin of ''[[brahmahatya]]'' (the murder of a [[Brahmin]]) by decapitating Brahma, Bhairava was pursued by the terrible female personification of the sin. The skull of Brahma was still attached to his hand. To expiate himself of the sin, Bhairava roamed the [[Trailokya|three worlds]]. He visited [[Vaikuntha]], where he was honoured by Vishnu and [[Lakshmi]]. When Bhairava visited [[Varanasi|Kashi]], the city of the liberated, Brahmahatya left him, and the skull of Brahma was released from his hand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Shastri |first=J. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFbsDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Under+this+pretext,+I+am+waiting+upon+the+bull-bannered+deity&amp;pg=PA1103 |title=The Siva Purana Part 3: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 3 |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3870-3 |pages=1103–1109 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In another legend, Brahma is regarded to have stated to Vishnu to worship him as the supreme creator of the universe. Noting that both Shiva and he had [[Panchamukha|five heads]], Brahma came to believe that he was identical to Shiva and was equal to his powers. When his arrogance started to affect his role in the universe, Shiva threw a lock of his hair from his head. This assumed the form of Bhairava, who decapitated one of Brahma's heads. When the skull ([[kapala]]) of Brahma was held in the hand of Bhairava, the creator deity's ego was destroyed and he became enlightened. In the form of Bhairava, Shiva is said to guard each of the [[Shakta pithas]] (A group of temples dedicated to the goddess Shakti). Each Shakta pitha is accompanied by a temple dedicated to Bhairava, except [[Kamakhya Temple]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Q|Q55879169|author= Johnson W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chalier-Visuvalingam, Elizabeth. &quot;Bhairava's Royal Brahmanicide: The Problem of the Mahābrāhmaṇa&quot;, pp. 157–229 in [[#Hiltebeitel|Hiltebeitel]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Depiction ===<br /> [[File:Karnataka, periodo hoyasala, bhairava, xii secolo 01.jpg|thumb|12th-century Bhairava sculpture, [[Karnataka]]]]<br /> [[File:KITLV A314 - Tjandi Singasari, KITLV 37877.tiff|thumb|Indonesian stone Bhairava, from the syncretic Hindu-Buddhist [[Singhasari temple]] in [[East Java]], Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> In [[Kashmir Shaivism]], Bhairava is the ultimate form of manifestation.<br /> <br /> ===Trika System===<br /> [[Trika]] or [[Kashmiri Shaivism]] names the Absolute Reality ([[Para Brahman]]) as Bhairava. The [[Vijñāna Bhairava Tantra]] is a key Tantra text of the [[Trika]] System. Cast as a discourse between the god Bhairava and his consort [[Bhairavi]] it briefly presents 112 Tantric meditation methods or centering techniques ([[Dharana]]). The text is a chapter from the Rudrayamala Tantra, a Bhairava Agama. Bhairavi, the goddess, asks Bhairava to reveal the essence of the way to realization of the highest reality. In his answer Bhairava describes 112 ways to enter into the universal and transcendental state of consciousness. References to it appear throughout the literature of Trika, Kashmir Shaivism, indicating that it was considered to be an important text in the schools of Kashmir Shaiva philosophy and Trika.&lt;ref name=s1&gt;{{cite book | last=Singh | first=J. | title=Vijnanabhairava, Or Divine Consciousness: A Treasury of 112 Types of Yoga | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | series=Tantra Series | year=2002 | isbn=978-81-208-0820-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2R2iSiMbuVwC&amp;pg=PA1 | page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tantra Illuminated&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===List of Bhairavas===<br /> [[File:Trikala Bhairava from Odisha, Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Clevelandart 1958.208.jpg|thumb|''&quot;Trikala Bhairava&quot;'', Eastern Ganga Dynasty, 10th century.]]<br /> <br /> The list of manifestations of Lord Bhairava:<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Div col|colwidth=15em}}<br /> * Batuka Bhairava<br /> * Kāla Bhairava<br /> * Akshobhya Bhairava<br /> * Asithanga Bhairava<br /> * Ruru Bhairava<br /> * Chanda Bhairava<br /> * Krodha Bhairava<br /> * Bagh Bhairava<br /> * Unmatta Bhairava<br /> * Kapala Bhairava<br /> * Bheeshana Bhairava<br /> * Samhara Bhairava<br /> * Umananda Bhairava<br /> * Bhoothnath [[Vetal]] / [[Betal]] Bhairava<br /> * Chakrapani Bhairava<br /> * Sadyojata Mahakala Bhairava <br /> * Svacchanda Bhairava<br /> * Swarnakarshana Bhairava<br /> * Mahakala Bhairava<br /> * Panchamukhi Hanubhairava<br /> * Matang Bhairava<br /> * Kabandha Bhairava<br /> * Maharudra<br /> * Ekavaktra Bhairava<br /> * Tryambaka Bhairava<br /> * Panchavaktra Bhairava<br /> * Kameshwara Bhairava<br /> * Akasha Bhairava<br /> * Pashupati Bhairava<br /> * Sharabeshwara<br /> * Nilakantha Bhairava<br /> * Martanda Bhairava<br /> * Matang Bhairava<br /> * ParaBhairava or Parama Bhairava<br /> * Khechara Bhairava<br /> * Prekshatha Bhairava<br /> * Pachali Bhairava<br /> * Patal Bhairava<br /> * Vajra Hasta Bhairava<br /> * Pracandha Bhairava <br /> * Bayankara Bhairava<br /> * Kalagni Bhairava<br /> * Narayan Bhairava<br /> * Vishalaksha Bhairava<br /> * Chirithan Bhairava<br /> * Sarvananda Bhairava<br /> * Karala Bhairava<br /> * Shai Bhairava<br /> * Nirbaya Bhairava<br /> * Kshetrapala Bhairava<br /> * Swayambhunath Bhairava<br /> * Bhaktapur Bhairava<br /> * Swet Bhairava<br /> * Siddha Bhairava<br /> * Hayagriva Bhairava<br /> * Bishitha Bhairava<br /> * Pralaya Bhairava<br /> * Raktanga Bhairava <br /> * Apra Rupa Bhairava<br /> * Mantra Nayaka Bhairava <br /> * Rudra Bhairava<br /> * Trinetra Bhairava<br /> * Tripurantaka Bhairava <br /> * Varada Bhairava<br /> * Ishana Bhairava<br /> * Vikranta Bhairava<br /> * Runda Maala Bhairava<br /> * Vimocanā<br /> * Viśveśvara<br /> * Veerbhadra<br /> <br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> <br /> == Buddhism ==<br /> [[File:Thangka Depicting Vajrabhairava, ca. 1740, Sotheby's.jpg|thumb|Thangka Depicting Vajrabhairava, c. 1740s.]]<br /> <br /> Buddhism also adopted Bhairava (Tibetan: 'Jigs byed; Chinese: Buwei) as a deity and a [[dharmapala]] or dharma protector.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1=Buswell | first1=Robert E. Jr. | last2=Lopez | first2=Donald S. Jr. | title=The Princeton dictionary of Buddhism | publication-place=Princeton, NJ | date=2013 | isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8 | oclc=859536678 | chapter = Bhairava}}&lt;/ref&gt; The various buddhist forms of Bhairava (variously called [[Heruka]]s, Vajrabhairava, [[Mahākāla]] and [[Yamantaka]]) are considered [[fierce deities]] and [[yidam]]s (tantric meditational deity) in [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. They also have their own set of [[Buddhist tantra]]s, the ''Vajrabhairava tantras.''&lt;ref&gt;Siklós, Bulcsu (1996) ''The Vajrabhairava tantras: Tibetan and Mongolian versions'', English translation and annotations, Institute of Buddhist Studies.&lt;/ref&gt; According to Tibetan tradition, these tantras were revealed to Lalitavajra in [[Oddiyana]] in the tenth century.&lt;ref&gt;Kapstein, Matthew (2009) ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China''. Wisdom Publicationsv. p. 307. {{ISBN|0861715810}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> These texts play a particularly important role in the [[Sarma (Tibetan Buddhism)|Sarma]] (new translation) traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, especially among the [[Gelug]] school where Vajrabhairava is one of the three central highest yoga tantra practices of the lineage.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Skorupski, Tadeusz|url=https://www.academia.edu/15726724 |title=The Buddhist Forum|date=15 September 2015 |volume =4|pages=186–187}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhairava - Mahakala is also popular in [[Mongolia]] as a protector deity and was also popular among the [[Manchu people|Manchus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The deity is also central to [[Newar Buddhism]]. The tantric practices associated with Bhairava focus on the transformation of anger and hatred into understanding.&lt;ref&gt;Huntington, John C. and Bangdel, Dina (2003) ''The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art''. Serindia Pubns. p. 468. {{ISBN|1932476016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Worship==<br /> {{See also|Bhairava Ashtami}}<br /> [[File:Kala Bhairava in the night.JPG|thumb|[[Kaal Bhairav, Kathmandu|Kala Bhairava]] attended by devotees in Durbar Square, [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu, Nepal]]|354x354px]]<br /> <br /> Temples or [[shrine]]s to Bhairava are present within or near most [[Jyotirlinga]] temples. There are also the sacred twelve shrines dedicated to [[Shiva]] which can be found all across India including the [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]], [[Varanasi]] and the [[Kal Bhairav temple, Ujjain|Kal Bhairava temple, Ujjain]]. The Patal Bhairava and Vikrant Bhairava shrines are located in [[Ujjain]] as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Hindu Pilgrimage: A Journey Through the Holy Places of Hindus All Over India|author= Bansal, Sunita Pant |publisher=Pustak Mahal|year= 2008|isbn=978-81-223-0997-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lzPCOVQGP3wC&amp;pg=PT94 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Banaras: City of Light|author=Diana L. Eck |author-link=Diana L. Eck|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|year=1982|isbn=0-7102-0236-9 |pages=192–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cM09AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA193 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gorat Kashmiris are known to worship Bhairava during [[Maha Shivaratri|Shivratri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Vol. 1|author=Ul Hassan, Syed Siraj |publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1920|isbn=81-206-0488-1 |page=482 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&amp;pg=PA482 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The renowned Hindu reformer, [[Adi Sankara]] composed a hymn on ''Kala Bhairava'' called ''&quot;Sri Kalabhairava Ashtakam&quot;'' in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hindubhakti.blogspot.com/2011/08/kala-bhairava-ashtakam.html|title=Hindu Bhakti|work=hindubhakti.blogspot.com|date=27 August 2011|access-date=14 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Observances==<br /> {{Multiple issues|section=yes|<br /> {{one source section|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{expand section|date=September 2021}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''[[Bhairava Ashtami]]'', commemorating the day ''Kala Bhairava'' appeared on earth, is celebrated on [[Krishna paksha]] [[Ashtami]] of the [[Margashirsh]]a month of the [[Hindu calendar]]. It is a day filled with special prayers and rituals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Religious Basis Of Hindu Beliefs|author =Dwivedi, Bhojraj |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |year= 2006|isbn=81-288-1239-4 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wmqKuHFWWgC&amp;q=Kal+Bhairav&amp;pg=PA172}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kalashtami, also known as Kaal Ashtami, is a significant Hindu observance dedicated to Lord Kaal Bhairav one of the forms of bhairava. This festival is celebrated every month on the Ashtami Tithi (eighth day) of Krishna Paksha, the waning phase of the moon. The day is marked by fasting, special prayers, and rituals aimed at seeking blessings from Lord Bhairav for protection and spiritual growth.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> == Significance of Kalashtami ==<br /> <br /> * '''Devotion to Lord Kaal Bhairav''': Kalashtami is primarily focused on worshipping Lord Kaal Bhairav, who is revered for his role as a protector against negativity and evil forces. Devotees believe that his blessings can help alleviate the effects of black magic and other malevolent influences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalashtami 2025: Masik Kalashtami dates, timings, and rituals guide |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/religion/kalashtami-2025-masik-kalashtami-dates-timings-and-rituals-guide-article-12895350.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Spiritual Growth''': Observing this day is thought to foster spiritual development, enabling devotees to connect more deeply with their spiritual selves and overcome fears related to death. It is also believed that worshipping Kaal Bhairav can lead to material and spiritual prosperity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalashtami 2024: Date, time, rituals, significance and benefits of observing this fast in September |date=23 September 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/kalashtami-2024-date-time-rituals-significance-and-benefits-of-observing-this-fast-in-september-101727087545838.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Kaal Bhairav Jayanti''': Among the various Kalashtami observances, the most significant is Kaal Bhairav Jayanti (or Bhairava Ashtami), celebrated in North India during the month of Margashirsha (December-January) and in South India during Kartik. This day commemorates the manifestation of Lord Shiva as Kaal Bhairav.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kaal Bhairav Jayanti {{!}} Kalashtami Festival Celebration in 2025 |url=https://www.rudraksha-ratna.com/articles/kalashtami }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Rituals and practices ==<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=April 2025}}<br /> The rituals for Kalashtami typically include:<br /> <br /> # '''Early Morning Rituals''': Devotees wake up early, take a holy bath, and clean their homes and puja areas.<br /> # '''Lighting a Diya''': A diya (lamp) made with mustard oil is lit in front of Lord Kaal Bhairav's idol or picture, symbolizing the connection with divine energy.<br /> # '''Offering Prasad''': Special offerings, including Meetha Rott (sweet bread), halwa, milk, and sometimes liquor, are made to Lord Bhairav during the puja.<br /> # '''Recitation of Mantras''': Chanting specific mantras like the Kaal Bhairav Ashtakam is recommended to invoke blessings and remove obstacles from life.<br /> # '''Visiting Temples''': Many devotees visit temples dedicated to Kaal Bhairav to perform rituals and offer prayers collectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalashtami February 2025: Date, Timings, Rituals and Significance |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 February 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/kalashtami-february-2025-date-time-puja-rituals-and-significance/articleshow/118355530.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kalashtami serves as a vital occasion for devotees to reaffirm their faith in Lord Kaal Bhairav while engaging in practices that promote spiritual well-being and protection against negative energies.<br /> <br /> ==Iconography==<br /> [[File:Rakta Bhairava.jpg|thumb|Rakta Bhairava]]<br /> Bhairava is depicted as being ornamented with a range of twisted serpents, which serve as earrings, bracelets, anklets, and sacred thread (''[[yajnopavita]]''). He wears a tiger skin and a ritual apron composed of human bones.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASIA-SI&quot;&gt;[http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/singleObject.cfm?ObjectId=27267 Bhairava statuette] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130031628/http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/singleObject.cfm?ObjectId=27267 |date=30 January 2011 }} in copper from 15th–16th century Nepal, in collection of [[Smithsonian Institution]]. Accessed August 11, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhairava has a [[Dogs in religion|dog]] (''[[shvana]]'') as his divine ''[[vahana]]'' (vehicle). [[Bhairavi]] is a fierce and terrifying aspect of the [[Devi]] who is virtually indistinguishable from [[Kali]], with the exception of her particular identification as the consort of Bhairava.&lt;ref&gt;Christ, Carol P. (1989). &quot;Symbols of Goddess and God in Feminist Theology&quot;, in Carl Olson (Ed.) ''The Book of the Goddess: Past and Present''. New York: Crossroads. {{ISBN|1577662733}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Dalmiya | first=Vrinda | title=Loving Paradoxes: A Feminist Reclamation of the Goddess Kali | journal=Hypatia |jstor=3810514 | volume=15 | issue=1 | year=2000 | doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2000.tb01082.x | pages=125–150| s2cid=143596725 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhairava himself has eight manifestations called the [[Ashta Bhairavar|Ashta Bhairava]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/vdocuments.mx_the-kubjika-upanishad-egbert-forsten-56885839dd6b9 |title=vdocuments.mx_the-kubjika-upanishad-egbert-forsten-56885839dd6b9 |pages=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Asitāṅga Bhairava<br /> * Ruru Bhairava<br /> * Chaṇḍa Bhairava<br /> * Krodha Bhairava<br /> * Unmatta Bhairava<br /> *Kapala Bhairava<br /> * Bhīṣaṇa Bhairava<br /> * Saṃhāra Bhairava<br /> <br /> Kala Bhairava is conceptualized as the ''guru-natha'' (teacher and lord) of the planetary deity [[Shani]] (Saturn).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170907165306/http://m.dinamalar.com/temple_detail.php?id=2699 பைரவரைப் போற்றும் தேவாரப் பதிகம்]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://temple.dinamalar.com/Slogandetails.php?id=2062 பைரவர்]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhairava is known as Bhairavar or Vairavar in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], where he is often presented as a [[Grama devata|''grama'' ''devata'']] or village guardian who safeguards the devotee in eight directions (''ettu tikku''). Known in [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] as Bahirawa, he is said to protect treasures. He is the main deity worshipped by the [[Aghori|Aghora sect]].&lt;ref&gt;Harper, Katherine Anne, and Brown, Robert L. (Eds) (2002). ''The Roots of Tantra''. Albany: State University of New York Press.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;200&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Swetabhairabadhkl.jpg|Dancer dressed as Shveta Bhairava from [[Bhaktapur]], [[Nepal]].<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Temples==<br /> {{main|List of Bhairava temples}}<br /> '''Thennaga Kasi Bairavar Temple''' is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Bairavar, a fierce form of Lord Shiva. It is located in Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. This temple is renowned for its unique architectural style and spiritual significance.<br /> [[File:इन्द्र.jpg|thumb|297x297px|A woman worshipping [[Swet Bhairav|Sweta Bhairava]] in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal]]<br /> Bhairava is an important deity of the [[Newar]]s of Nepal. All the traditional settlements of Newars have at least one temple of Bhairava. Most of the temples of Bhairava in [[Nepal]] are maintained by Tantric Newar priests. There are several Bhairava temples in the [[Kathmandu]] valley and other old newar settlements out of valley like Panauti,Banepa, Dhulikhel,Palpa and Pokhara.There are Different Jatras and chariot processions held each year in different newar towns and cities Dedicated to lord Bhairava and these Bhairava jatras are celebrated and continued from several hundreds of years in Nepal.Kalbhairava,Aakash bhairava, Shwet bhairava, Batuk bhairava, Pachali bhairava, aananda bhairava,Unmatta bhairava,mashaan bhairava,Baag bhairava, haygribha bhairava and Kritimukha Bhairava are Bhairavas widely worshipped and believed as the guardians of the Newar settlements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|chapter=Hindus in Nepal|page= 554|editor1=Cush, Denise |editor2=Robinson, Catherine |editor3=York, Michael |year=2012|publisher= Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-18979-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In south [[Karnataka]], Lord ''Sri Kalabhairaveshwara'' is present as ''Kshetra Palaka'' in [[Adichunchanagiri Hills|Sri Adichunchanagiri Hills]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://shaligramrudraksha.com/?page_id=2024|title=Bhairav Temple – Lord Bhairo Baba|work=shaligramrudraksha.com|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002356/http://shaligramrudraksha.com/?page_id=2024|archive-date=15 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Kala Bhairava'' temples can also be found around ''[[Shakta pithas]]''. It is said that Shiva allocated the job of guarding each of the 52 ''Shakta pithas'' to one Bhairava. There are said to be 52 forms of Bhairava, which are considered a manifestation of Shiva himself. Traditionally, ''Kala Bhairava'' is the ''[[Grama devata]]'' in the rural villages of [[Maharashtra]], where he is referred to as &quot;Bhairava/Bhairavnath&quot; and &quot;Bairavar&quot;. In Karnataka, Lord Bhairava is the supreme God for the Hindu community commonly referred to as [[Vokkaliga]]s ([[Gowda (caste)|Gowdas]]). Especially in the Jogi Vokkaliga, he is considered the caretaker and punisher.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title=Bhairava in Banaras: Negotiating Sacred Space and Religious Identity |author1=Chalier-Visuvalingam, Elizabeth |author2=Sunthar Visuvalingam |name-list-style=amp | year=2006 | place=Wiesbaden, Germany|publisher= Harrassowitz}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] is also popular.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * {{Annotated link|Adichunchanagiri Hills}}<br /> * {{Annotated link|Akash Bhairav}}<br /> * {{Annotated link|Bhairab Naach}}<br /> * {{Annotated link|Kshetrapala}}<br /> * {{Annotated link|Muthappan}}<br /> * {{Annotated link|Sirkazhi}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Parry |first=Jonathan |title=Death and the Regeneration of Life |date=1982 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-24875-4 |pages=74–110 |chapter=Sacrificial death and the necrophagous ascetic |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511607646.004}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Parry |first=J.P. |year=1981 |title=Death and cosmogony in Kashi |journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |volume=15 |issue=1–2 |pages=337–365 |doi=10.1177/006996678101500118 |s2cid=143517233}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Erndl, Kathleen M. &quot;Rapist or Bodyguard, Demon or Devotee: Images of Bhairo in the Mythology and Cult of Vaiṣṇo Devī&quot;, pp. 239–25 in [[Bhairava#Hiltebeitel|Hiltebeitel]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sukul, Kubernath (1977). ''Vārānasī Vaibhava. Patna, India: Bihar Rastrabhasa Parisad''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lorenzen, David (1972). ''The Kāpālikas and Kālāmukhas: Two Lost Śaiva Sects''. Delhi: Thomson&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Eck, Diana L. (1983) ''Banaras: City of Light''. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.&lt;/ref&gt;{{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Cited sources==<br /> *{{cite book|ref=Hiltebeitel|editor=Hiltebeitel, Alf|year=1989|title=Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism|place=Albany|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=0-88706-982-7}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Bhairava}}<br /> * [http://www.npsin.in/mandir/Prachin-Kaal-Bhairav-Mandir Shri Kala Bhairava Mandir, New Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129000042/http://www.npsin.in/mandir/prachin-kaal-bhairav-mandir |date=29 January 2017 }}<br /> <br /> {{Shaivism}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dogs in Hinduism]]<br /> [[Category:Forms of Shiva]]<br /> [[Category:Jain minor deities]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu tantric deities]]<br /> [[Category:Mythological dogs]]<br /> [[Category:Newar]]<br /> [[Category:Night gods]]<br /> [[Category:Deities of wine and beer]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst&diff=460453 2026-03-27T14:27:14Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Redirect|RMCS|the Hindi language action thriller|RMCS (film)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox military unit<br /> |unit_name=Royal Military College, Sandhurst<br /> |image=Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Camberley, England-LCCN2002696435.jpg<br /> |image_size=300px<br /> |caption=The Royal Military College, c. 1900<br /> |dates=1801–1939<br /> |country={{flag|United Kingdom}}<br /> |branch={{army|United Kingdom}}<br /> |type=<br /> |role=Training infantry and cavalry officers<br /> |size=<br /> |current_commander=<br /> |garrison=[[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]], [[Berkshire]]<br /> {{Coord|51|28|30|N|0|3|27|E|type:landmark_region:GB-GRE|display=title,inline}}<br /> |ceremonial_chief= <br /> |ceremonial_chief_label=<br /> |colonel_of_the_regiment= [[List of governors and commandants of Sandhurst]]<br /> |colonel_of_the_regiment_label=Governors, commandants<br /> |nickname=<br /> |motto=<br /> |colors=<br /> |march=<br /> |battles=<br /> |notable_commanders=<br /> |identification_symbol=<br /> |identification_symbol_label=<br /> |anniversaries=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Royal Military College''' ('''RMC''') was a British [[military academy]] for training [[infantry]] and [[cavalry]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]]s of the [[British Army|British]] and [[British Indian Army|Indian]] Armies. It was founded in 1801 at [[Great Marlow]] and [[High Wycombe]] in [[Buckinghamshire]], but moved in October 1812 to [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]], [[Berkshire]].<br /> <br /> The RMC was reorganised at the outbreak of the [[World War II|Second World War]], but some of its units remained operational at Sandhurst and [[Aldershot]]. In 1947, the Royal Military College was merged with the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]], to form the present-day all-purpose [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Royal Military College Great Marlow, 1810.jpg|thumb|200px|The College at Great Marlow]]<br /> [[File:Royal Military College cricket grounds, Sandhurst, Camberley, Surrey, England, ca. 1895.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The RMC cricket field, c. 1895]]<br /> [[File:RMAS18Je6-4617.jpg|thumb|200px|Old College building at Sandhurst]]<br /> <br /> Pre-dating the college, the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]], had been established in 1741 to train artillery and engineer officers, but there was no such provision for training infantry and cavalry officers.&lt;ref&gt;Cathy Downes, ''Special Trust and Confidence: The Making of an Officer'' (2013), p. 13&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Royal Military College was conceived by Colonel [[John Le Marchant (British Army officer, born 1766)|John Le Marchant]], whose scheme for establishing schools for the military instruction of officers at High Wycombe and Great Marlow first met strong resistance on the grounds of cost.&lt;ref name=JSCSC&gt;[https://da.mod.uk/colleges/jscsc/jscsc-library/artwork/major-general-john-gaspard-le-marchant-1766-1812 Major-General John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766–1812)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323125835/http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/jscsc/jscsc-library/artwork/major-general-john-gaspard-le-marchant-1766-1812 |date=2012-03-23 }} at da.mod.uk/colleges (Defence Academy web site)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There were already some small private military academies for aspiring infantry and cavalry officers in existence, notably one which had been operated at [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] by [[Lewis Lochée]] from about 1770 until he closed the academy in 1790, but none of them had any formal approval by the British government.&lt;ref name=screen&gt;J. E. O. Screen, “The 'Royal Military Academy' of Lewis Lochée“ in ''Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research''<br /> Vol. 70, No. 283 (Autumn 1992), pp. 143–156&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1799, Le Marchant established a [[Royal Military College, High Wycombe|school for staff officers]] at [[High Wycombe]].&lt;ref name=parade&gt;''Sovereign's Parade Programme'' (RMA Sandhurst, April 2012)&lt;/ref&gt; In 1801, Parliament voted a grant of £30,000 for his more ambitious proposals,&lt;ref name=JSCSC/&gt; and in 1801 the school for staff officers at High Wycombe became the Senior Department of the new Military College.&lt;ref name=parade/&gt; In 1802, having been appointed as the first Lieutenant Governor of the College, Le Marchant opened its Junior Department at a [[Remnantz|large house called Remnantz]] in West Street, [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Great Marlow]],&lt;ref&gt;R. H. Thoumine, ''Scientific Soldier, a Life of General Le Marchant, 1766–1812'' (Oxford University Press, 1968), pp. 61–79&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marlowsociety.org.uk/town-tour.html Marlow Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112041930/http://www.marlowsociety.org.uk/town-tour.html |date=12 January 2015 }} at marlowsociety.org.uk (Marlow Society web site)&lt;/ref&gt; to train gentleman cadets for the infantry and cavalry regiments of the [[British Army]] and for the [[presidency armies]] of [[British India]].&lt;ref name=history&gt;[http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/training/17061.aspx RMAS: The story of Sandhurst] ({{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505015944/http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/training/17061.aspx |date=2012-05-05 }}) at army.mod.uk, accessed 6 July 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=parade/&gt; 1802 was the same year as the founding of the [[French Army]]'s [[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr|Saint-Cyr]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20071024021429/http://www.st-cyr.terre.defense.gouv.fr/index.php?ID=1010988 Ecoles de Saint-Cyr] at st-cyr.terre.defense.gouv.fr, accessed 6 July 2009&lt;/ref&gt; and of [[United States Military Academy|West Point]] in the [[United States]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Stephen Ambrose]], ''Duty, Honor, Country: A History of West Point'' (Baltimore: [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1966, {{ISBN|0-8018-6293-0}}), p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt|General Sir William Harcourt]] was appointed as the first Governor of the Royal Military College at Great Marlow&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette | issue=15377 |page=691 | date=20 June 1801}}&lt;/ref&gt; and continued in post until 1811.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite ODNB|title=Harcourt, William, third Earl Harcourt (1743–1830)|first=R. N. W.|last=Thomas|id=12248}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 1809, the [[East India Company]] established its own [[Addiscombe Military Seminary|East India Military Seminary]] at [[Addiscombe]] to train officers for its armies.&lt;ref&gt;''Haileybury College and Addiscombe military seminary'' (1822), p. 10&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1812, the College's Junior Department moved from Great Marlow into purpose-built buildings at Sandhurst designed by [[James Wyatt]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/sandhurst.html Sandhurst – Royal Berkshire History] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222005348/http://berkshirehistory.com/villages/sandhurst.html |date=22 February 2017 }}) at berkshirehistory.com&lt;/ref&gt; and was soon joined there by the Senior Department, migrating from High Wycombe. In 1858 this became a separate institution, the [[Staff College, Camberley|Staff College]].&lt;ref name=parade/&gt;<br /> [[File:RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg|thumb|The New College Buildings]]<br /> On the outbreak of the Second World War, many of the cadets and staff of the Royal Military College were mobilised for active service, but the buildings at Sandhurst remained the home of the RMC's [[Mons Officer Cadet School|161 Infantry Officer Cadet Training Unit]]. In 1942, this unit moved to Mons Barracks, [[Aldershot]], and for the rest of the war the Sandhurst campus was used as a [[Royal Armoured Corps]] Officer Cadet Training Unit.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/training/17061.aspx Training] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505015944/http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/training/17061.aspx |date=2012-05-05 }} at army.mod.uk&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1947, a new [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] was formed on the site of the Royal Military College, merging the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich (which had trained officers for the [[Royal Artillery]] and [[Royal Engineers]] from 1741 to 1939) and the Royal Military College (1802 to 1942), with the objective of providing officer training for all arms and services.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.war-letters.com/0023/0014.html |title=Facilities in Sandhurst – 1937 |access-date=11 May 2014 |archive-date=6 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106195651/http://www.war-letters.com/0023/0014.html |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Governors and commandants==<br /> {{further|List of governors and commandants of Sandhurst}}<br /> <br /> The Royal Military College was originally led by a governor, who was a figurehead, often non-resident, a lieutenant governor, who had actual day-to-day command of the college, and a commandant, who was the officer in charge of the cadets. In 1812, the posts of Lieutenant Governor and Commandant were merged into the role of Commandant. In 1888 the two remaining senior posts, the Governor and the Commandant, were merged into the single appointment of '''Governor and Commandant''', which in 1902 was retitled as &quot;Commandant&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sandhurstcollection.org.uk/Conference.aspx Conference Room] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314063741/http://www.sandhurstcollection.org.uk/Conference.aspx |date=2011-03-14 }} at sandhurstcollection.org.uk (Sandhurst Collection web site)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable cadets==<br /> {{See also|Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst}}<br /> <br /> The most notable cadets of RMC Sandhurst include:<br /> <br /> * [[William Denison|Sir William Denison]] (1825–1826), [[Governor of New South Wales]]&lt;ref&gt;C. H. Currey, [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-william-thomas-3394 “Denison, Sir William Thomas (1804–1871)”], in ''[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]'', [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-william-thomas-3394 archived] 18 February 2011&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Field Marshal]] [[Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar]] (1840–1841)&lt;ref&gt;Tony Heathcote, ''The British Field Marshals 1736–1997'' (Leo Cooper, 1999, {{ISBN|0-85052-696-5}}), p. 114&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Field Marshal]] [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts]] (1850–1851)&lt;ref&gt;Brian Robson, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35768 &quot;Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, first Earl Roberts (1832–1914)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407200047/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35768 |date=7 April 2015 }} ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Oxford University Press, 2008, online edition, accessed 4 November 2023 {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby]] (1861–1862), [[Governor General of Canada]] <br /> * [[Alfonso XII of Spain|King Alfonso XII of Spain]] (1876)&lt;ref&gt;'Death of the King of Spain' in ''[[The Times]]'', 26 November 1885, p. 7&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Field Marshal]] [[Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer]] (1875–1876)&lt;ref&gt;Ian Finlayson, ''The Battle for Passchendaele: Australian Army Campaigns Series 28'' (2020), [https://books.google.com/books?id=iVblDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT54 p. 54] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104175023/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVblDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT54 |date=4 November 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]] (1878–1879), [[Governor-General of Australia]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hopetoun, 1st Earl of, John Adrian Louis Hope, later 1st Marquess of Linlithgow (1860–1908)&quot; in Barry Jones, ed., ''Dictionary of World Biography'' (9th edition, 2022), p. 438&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar]] (1879–1880), Governor-General of Australia <br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby|Viscount Allenby]] (1881–1882)&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=25105|date=9 May 1882|page=2157}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet]] (1882–1883), [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]<br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Earl Haig]] (1884–1885)&lt;ref&gt;Gerard De Groot, ''Douglas Haig 1861–1928'' (Unwin Hyman, 1988, {{ISBN|978-0044401926}}), p. 29&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]] (1894)&lt;ref&gt;[[Roy Jenkins]], ''Churchill: a Biography'' (2001, {{ISBN|978-0-374-12354-3}}), p. 20&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|Prince Alexander of Teck]] (1894), later the Earl of Athlone, [[Governor-General of the Union of South Africa]] and [[Governor General of Canada]]&lt;ref&gt;G. E. Cokayne et al., ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant'', vol. XIII (Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000) p. 258&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Earl Wavell]] (1900–1901), [[Viceroy of India]]&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=27311 |date=7 May 1901 |page=3130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Viscount Montgomery of Alamein]] (1903–1904)&lt;ref&gt;Tony Heathcote, ''The British Field Marshals 1736–1997'' (Barnsley: Pen &amp; Sword, 1999, {{ISBN|0-85052-696-5}}), p. 213&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Oswald Mosley|Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet]] (1914), [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Robert Skidelsky]], ''Oswald Mosley'' (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975, {{ISBN|9780030865800}})&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Kodandera M. Cariappa|Kodandera Madappa Cariappa]] (1918–1919), First native-Indian full General of the [[Indian Army]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=General K.M Cariappa Biography – General K.M Cariappa Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/general-km-cariappa.html|website=I Love India|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=27 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827122904/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/general-km-cariappa.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Field Marshal]] [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] (1919), [[Governor General of Australia]]&lt;ref&gt;'Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester' in ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Oxford University Press, 2007)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja|General Maharaj Shri Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]] (1920–1921), second Indian Commander in Chief of Indian Army<br /> *Thakur [[Nathu Singh Rathore]] (1921–1922), Lieutenant General, Indian Army<br /> * [[Field Marshal]] [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]] (1926–1927), [[President of Pakistan]]&lt;ref&gt;Karl J. Newman, ''Pakistan unter Ayub Khan, Bhutto und Zia-ul-Haq'' ({{ISBN|3-8039-0327-0}}), p. 21&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * General [[Iskander Mirza|Iskandar Mirza]], [[President of Pakistan]]<br /> *[[Ian Fleming]] (1927), author, creator of [[James Bond]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Ben Macintyre]], ''For Your Eyes Only'' (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-7475-9527-4}}), p. 33&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[David Niven]] (1930), actor, novelist&lt;ref&gt;Eric Pace, [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/30/obituaries/david-niven-dead-at-73-witty-actor-won-oscar.html &quot;David Niven Dead at 73&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711193242/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/30/obituaries/david-niven-dead-at-73-witty-actor-won-oscar.html |date=11 July 2018 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'' [[Obituary]], 30 July 1983, accessed 11 July 2018&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Mohammad Usman]] (1932–1934), Brigadier, Indian Army, &quot;Lion of Naushera&quot;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Commons-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Public schools in England}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Royal Military College}}<br /> [[Category:Royal Military College, Sandhurst| ]]<br /> [[Category:1802 establishments in England]]<br /> [[Category:1947 disestablishments in England]]<br /> [[Category:Military academies of the United Kingdom]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jayanta_Mahapatra&diff=464059 2026-03-27T10:13:21Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: expand section per standard format and cleaned formatting as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian poet (1928–2023)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name= Jayanta Mahapatra<br /> | image= Jayanta_Mahapatra.JPG<br /> | caption = <br /> | alias = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|10|22|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2023|08|27|1928|10|22|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = Cuttack, [[Odisha]], India<br /> | occupation = Indian English poet, Teacher of Physics<br /> | parents = Lemuel Mohapatra, Sudhansubala Dash<br /> | spouse = <br /> | notableworks = ''Relationship'' (1980)<br /> | awards = [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Padma Shri]]<br /> |yearsactive = 1970–2023<br /> | signature = Signature of Jayanta Mahapatra in Odia.png<br /> | signature_alt = Signature of Jayanta Mahapatra in Odia<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jayanta Mahapatra''' (22 October 1928 – 27 August 2023) was an Indian poet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi : Who's Who of Indian Writers|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/SASearchSystem/sauser/writerinfo.jsp?wrids=499|website=Sahitya Akademi|access-date=27 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the first Indian poet to win a [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for English poetry. He was the author of poems such as [[Indian Summer (poem)|&quot;Indian Summer&quot;]] and [[Hunger (poem)|&quot;Hunger&quot;]], which are regarded as classics in modern [[Indian English literature]]. He was awarded a [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian honour in India in 2009,&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jayanta-mahapatra-returns-padma-shri-protesting-intolerance/story |title = Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'|date = 23 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; but he returned the award in 2015 to protest against rising intolerance in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Noted poet Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri – The Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noted-poet-Jayanta-Mahapatra-returns-Padma-Shri/articleshow/49883386.cms|website = The Times of India| date=22 November 2015 |access-date = 2015-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Jayanta Mahapatra was born on 22 October 1928 into a prominent Odia Christian family.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.poemhunter.com/jayanta-mahapatra/biography/|title=Jayanta Mahapatra|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=16 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra : A profile |url=http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |website=orissagateway.com |access-date=9 September 2019 |archive-date=20 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520014453/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He attended Stewart School in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]. He completed his M. Sc. in Physics from Patna University, [[Bihar]]. He began his teaching career as a lecturer in physics in 1949 and taught at various government colleges in Odisha including [[Gangadhar Meher University]], [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College|B.J.B College]], [[Fakir Mohan University]] and [[Ravenshaw University]]. In 1986 he retired from his government job as Reader in Physics at Ravenshaw University (then Ravenshaw College).&lt;ref name=im&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |title=Muse India – Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile |access-date=2007-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026205410/http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |archive-date=26 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} Web page titled &quot;Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile&quot; at the [[Muse India]] Web site, accessed 16 October 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mahapatra began his writing career in the late sixties. His short stories and poems were initially rejected by several publishers, until his poems were published in international literary journals. He was invited to participate in the [[International Writing Program]] at Iowa, which brought him international exposure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=The Usawa Newsletter September'23 |url=https://usawa.in/blog/the-usawa-newsletter-september23/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Usawa Literary Review |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Writing==<br /> Mahapatra was part of a trio of poets who laid the foundations of [[Indian English Poetry]], which included [[A. K. Ramanujan]] and [[R. Parthasarathy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 March 2017 |title=Poets who took Indian poetry to next level |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/poets-who-took-indian-poetry-to-the-next-level/photostory/57747660.cms |access-date=24 January 2022 |publisher=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; He differed from the others in not being a product of Bombay school of poets. Over time, he managed to carve a quiet, tranquil poetic voice of his own, different from those of his contemporaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Muse India |url=http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&amp;id=4461 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107013948/http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&amp;id=4461 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |access-date=6 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === &quot;Hunger&quot; ===<br /> This one of Mahapatra's best-known, most-quoted early poems, widely anthologised in Indian poetry collections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Perry |first=John Oliver |date=1986 |title=Neither Alien nor Postmodern: Jayanta Mahapatra's Poetry from India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4335754 |journal=The Kenyon Review |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=60 |issn=0163-075X |jstor=4335754}}&lt;/ref&gt; It explores the informal [[child sex trade]]. In the poet's own words, &quot;In 'Hunger' I was writing from experience.” &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra's Hunger - Poetry Analysis |url=http://rukhaya.com/poetry-analysis-jayanta-mahapatras-hunger/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The poem is an expression of the poet's loneliness as a youth, as Mahapatra had a disturbed childhood.<br /> <br /> ==== Structure and criticism ====<br /> The poem is notable for its direct approach to the taboo topic of a father prostituting his daughter. In the second line, the fisherman asks casually &quot;will you have her?&quot; A wide range of poetic devices are employed to bring out the entrapment of the mind in the flesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 May 2013 |title=A Short Summary of &quot;Hunger&quot; - by Sekhar Kumar |url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/118148/short-summary-of-hunger-by-jayanta-mahapatra}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This poem was originally a part of the poet's collection, ''A Rain of Rites''.<br /> <br /> === Other writings ===<br /> Mahapatra authored 27 books of poems, of which seven are in [[Odia language|Odia]] and the rest in English. His poetry volumes include ''Relationship'', ''Bare Face,'' and ''Shadow Space''. Besides poetry, he has experimented widely with myriad forms of prose. His published books of prose include ''Green Gardener'', an anthology of short stories, and ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoirs''. Mahapatra was also a distinguished editor and was involved in the production of the literary magazine ''Chandrabhaga''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Jayanta Mahapatra – Biography |url= https://niralapublications.com/nirala-authors/jayanta-mahapatra/ |website= niralapublications.com |date= 4 January 2011 |publisher= Nirala Publications |access-date= 10 May 2022 |archive-date= 1 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230801152554/https://niralapublications.com/nirala-authors/jayanta-mahapatra/ |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; His poems have appeared in prestigious poetry anthologies like ''[[The Dance of the Peacock|The Dance of the Peacock: An Anthology of English Poetry from India]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;brook&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|title=The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|access-date=5 January 2015|issue=current|publisher=Hidden Brook Press, Canada|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929050126/http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;press&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Press|first1=Hidden Brook|title=Hidden Brook Press|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com|publisher=Hidden Brook Press|access-date=5 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mahapatra also translated from Odia into English, and some of his translations were published in the bi-monthly literary magazine ''[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]''. Some anthologies of his translations have also been published.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra – Something in me refuses to die |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Tejg57qNEfUBT7jGQV0UbI/Jayanta-Mahapatra--Something-in-me-refuses-to-die.html |website=livemint.com |date=11 January 2013 |access-date=9 September 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703092252/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Tejg57qNEfUBT7jGQV0UbI/Jayanta-Mahapatra--Something-in-me-refuses-to-die.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Jayanta Mahapatra died of pneumonia on 27 August 2023, at the age of 94.&lt;ref name=&quot;eminent&quot;&gt;[https://pragativadi.com/eminent-litterateur-jayanta-mahapatra-passes-away-at-95/ Eminent Litterateur Jayanta Mahapatra Passes Away At 95]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards, recognition and legacy==<br /> In 1981 Jayanta Mahapatra won [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for his poetry book ''Relationships''. He became the first ever writer in English language to win Sahitya Akademi award. He is also a recipient of the [[Jacob Glatstein]] memorial award conferred by [[Poetry (magazine)|''Poetry'' magazine]], [[Chicago]]. He was also awarded the Allen Tate Poetry Prize for 2009 from ''[[The Sewanee Review]]''. He received the [[SAARC Literary Award]], New Delhi, 2009. He has also received Tata Literature Lifetime Achievement Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Jayanta Mahapatra on Joy of Receiving Awards |url= https://www.firstpost.com/living/jayanta-mahapatra-on-finite-joy-of-receiving-awards-mark-of-a-good-poem-5634241.html |website=firstpost.com |date=9 December 2018 |publisher=First Post |access-date=9 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was conferred with a [[Padma Shri]] in 2009 and awarded an honorary doctorate by [[Ravenshaw University]] on 2 May 2009. He was also awarded a D. Lit. degree by [[Utkal University]], [[Odisha]], in 2006. In May 2019 he became the first ever Indian English poet to become a Fellow of the [[Sahitya Akademi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Poet and Sahitya Akademi Award Winner Jayanta Mahapatra |url= https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/poet-and-sahitya-akademi-award-winner-jayanta-mahapatra-hospitalised-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19-9674231.html |website=firstpost.com |date=1 June 2021 |publisher=First Post |access-date=9 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry – 2017 (Jaipur Literature Festival)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Cuttack poet bags Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/jaipur-literature-festival-cuttack-poet-bags-kanhaiya-lal-sethia-award-for-poetry-4486184/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * RL Poetry Lifetime Achievement Award for Poetry, 2013, [[Hyderabad]].<br /> * Second Prize – ''International Who's Who in Poetry'', [[London]], 1970.<br /> * Jacob Glatstein Memorial Award – Poetry, [[Chicago]], 1975.<br /> * Visiting Writer – International Writing Program, [[Iowa City]] 1976–77.<br /> * Cultural Award Visitor, [[Australia]], 1978.<br /> * Japan Foundation – Visitor's Award, [[Japan]], 1980.<br /> <br /> == Poetry readings ==<br /> <br /> === Outside India ===<br /> * University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1976<br /> * University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 1976<br /> * University of the South, Sewanee, 1976<br /> * East West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1976<br /> * Adelaide Festival of Arts, Adelaide, 1978<br /> * P.E.N. Centre, Sydney, 1978<br /> * Australian National University, Canberra, 1978<br /> * International Poets Conference, Tokyo, 1980<br /> * Asian Poets Conference, Tokyo, 1984<br /> <br /> == Books by Jayanta Mahapatra ==<br /> <br /> === Poetry ===<br /> * 1971: ''Close the Sky Ten by Ten'', Calcutta: Dialogue Publications&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Bibliography in Land by Jayanta Mahapatra. Authorspress 2013&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 1971: ''Svayamvara and Other Poems'', Calcutta: [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 1976: ''A Father's Hours'', Delhi: United Writers&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 1976: ''A Rain of Rites'', Georgia: University of Georgia Press&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; ({{ISBN |9780820303970}}, {{OL|5212793M}})<br /> * 1979: ''Waiting'', Pune : Samkaleen Prakashan&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 1980: ''The False Start'', Bombay: Clearing House&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 1980: ''Relationship'', New York: Greenfield Review Press&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 2017: ''Collected Poems'', Mumbai: Paperwall Publishing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=COLLECTED POEMS – Paperwall|url=https://paperwall.in/best-indian-book-store-online/poetrywala/collected-poems-4/|access-date=2021-09-07|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2021: ''Random Descent'', Ketaki Foundation Trust ({{ASIN |B094ZZF9DG}}, {{OL|22844719M}})<br /> * 2022: ''Re-reading Jayanta Mahapatra: Selected Poems'', Black Eagle Books, USA ({{ISBN |9781645602002}})<br /> * 2023: ''NOON : New and Selected Poems'', Ketaki Foundation Trust ({{ASIN |B0C3Y76BHL}})<br /> <br /> === Prose ===<br /> * 1997: ''The Green Gardener'', short stories, Hyderabad: Orient Longman&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; ({{OL|331803M}})<br /> * 2006: ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoires'', New Delhi: Authorspress&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; ({{ISBN |9788172733742}}, {{OL|16279020M}})<br /> * 2011: ''Bhor Motira Kanaphula'' (Odia), Bhubaneswar : Paschima Publications&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; ({{OL|24840744M}})<br /> <br /> === Poetry in Odia ===<br /> * 1993: ''Bali'' (The Victim), Cutack: Vidyapuri&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 1995: ''Kahibi Goṭie Kathā'' (I'll Tell A Story), Āryya Prakāśana&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; ({{OL|638161M}})<br /> * 1997: ''Baya Raja'' (The Mad Emperor), Cuttack: Vidyapuri,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; Bidyāpurī ({{OL|505046M}})<br /> * 2004: ''Tikie Chhayee'' (A Little Shadow), Cuttack : Vidyapuri&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 2006: ''Chali'' (Walking), Cuttack: Vidyapuri&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; <br /> * 2008: ''Jadiba Gapatie'' (Even If It's A Story), Cuttack: Friends Publishers&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 2011: ''Smruti Pari Kichhiti'' (A Small Memory), Cuttack: Bijayini&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Translations into English ===<br /> * 1973: ''Countermeasures: Poems'', Calcutta : Dialogue<br /> * 1976: ''Wings of the Past: Poems'', Calcutta : Rajasree<br /> * 1981: ''Song of Kubja and Other Poems'', New Delhi : Samkaleen<br /> * 1994: ''I Can, But Why Should I Go: Poems'', New Delhi : [[Sahitya Akademi]]<br /> * 1996: ''Verticals of Life: Poems'', New Delhi : [[Sahitya Akademi]]<br /> * 1998: ''Tapaswini: a Poem'', Bhubaneswar : [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi]] ({{OCLC|42716375}})<br /> * 2001: ''Discovery and other Poems'', Kolkata : [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]]<br /> * 2003: ''A Time of Rising (Poems)'', New Delhi : Har-Anand Publishers<br /> <br /> === Inclusions in anthologies ===<br /> * ''A New Book of Indian Poems In English'' (2000) ed. by [[Gopi Kottoor]] and published by [[Poetry Chain]] and [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]], [[Calcutta]]<br /> * ''Ten Twentieth-Century Indian Poets'' (1976) ed. by [[R. Parthasarathy]] and published by [[Oxford University Press]], [[New Delhi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ten 20th Century Indian Poets |url=https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/parthasarathy-1976-ten-20th-century.html |website=cse.iitk.ac.in |access-date=23 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * 2001: Bijay Kumar Das, ''The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra'': 3rd revised and enlarged edition; New Delhi: Atlantic, {{ISBN|81-7156-968-4}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no20919.htm Vedam's Books from India website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022143028/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no20919.htm |date=22 October 2006 }}, accessed 16 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2006: Jaydeep Sarangi and Gauri Shankar Jha (eds), ''The Indian Imagination of Jayanta Mahapatra'', New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2006, {{ISBN|81-7625-622-6}}, a compilation of critical articles.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43705.htm Vedam's Books from India website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815201107/http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43705.htm |date=15 August 2008 }}, accessed 16 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Jaydeep Sarangi, ''Jayanta Mahapatra Joy of Living and Loving in His Poetry'', Aavishkar Publishers' Distributors, 2012, {{ISBN|8179103749}}. Printed INR: 600.00, hardcover, 162 pp.<br /> * Zinia Mitra, ''Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra Imagery and Experiential Identity'', Authorspress,2012,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-655-2}} Hardcover, INR:500,172pp<br /> *The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra: Themes &amp; Imagery by Vivekanand Jha, New Delhi: Authorspress,2013 {{ISBN|978-8172736736}}&lt;ref name=jayant&gt;{{cite book|last1=Jha|first1=Vivekanand|title=The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra: Themes and Imagery|publisher=Authorspress|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788172736736|pages=434|edition=First}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shiba Shankar Nath,&quot;The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra:A Study in Imagery&quot;, Delhi:Authorspress,2014,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-897-6}}.Printed INR: 700.00, hardcover,173 pp.<br /> *''Rock Pebbles'', Vol. XV No.1, January–June 2011(a special issue on Jayanta Mahapatra) {{ISSN|0975-0509}}<br /> *2018: Jayanta Mahapatra: A Reader, Ed. Durga Prasad Panda, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-93-87567-66-5}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|Biography|India|Poetry|}}<br /> * [http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ Biodata of Jayanta Mahapatra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520014453/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |date=20 May 2007 }}<br /> * [[List of Indian poets]]<br /> * [[Indian English literature|Indian English Literature]]<br /> * [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216144242/http://jayantamahapatra.com/ Jayanta Mahapatra's Official Homepage]<br /> * [https://www.thehindu.com/books/interview-with-jayanta-mahapatra-a-doyen-of-indian-english-poetry/article28721741.ece Interview with Jayanta Mahapatra – A doyen of Indian-English poetry] (''The Hindu'', 2019)<br /> <br /> {{Odia literature}}<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature &amp; Education}}<br /> {{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}<br /> {{Sahitya Akademi Award for English}}<br /> {{SAARC Literary Award}}<br /> {{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahapatra, Jayanta}}<br /> [[Category:1928 births]]<br /> [[Category:2023 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in English]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]<br /> [[Category:Poets from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male poets]]<br /> [[Category:English-language Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:Odia-language poets]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:International Writing Program alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics&diff=467265 2026-03-26T15:18:45Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: improved page to improve readability and cleaned formatting per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Olympic sport<br /> |image = [[File:Field hockey pictogram.svg|150px|class=skin-invert]]<br /> |code = HOC<br /> |sport = field hockey<br /> |menevents = 1<br /> |womenevents = 1<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Field hockey]] made its [[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|debut]] at the [[Modern Olympic Games]] as a men's competition in the [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908 Games]] in [[London]]. It was removed from the Olympic schedule of the [[Summer Olympic Games]] for the [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Paris Games]] and was reintroduced in the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Amsterdam Games]]. The Women's field hockey was [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|introduced]] into the Olympic programme at the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]].<br /> <br /> The [[International Hockey Federation]] (FIH) was founded in 1924 and governs the field hockey events. Until the [[1988 Summer Olympics]], the tournaments were invitational, but a qualification system was introduced since the [[Field Hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Barcelona Olympics]]. The last edition at [[2024 Paris Olympics|Paris]] was the 25th occurrence of the [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|men's event]] and 12th consecutive occurrence of [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|women's event]] in the Olympics.<br /> <br /> India holds the record for the most appearances in the Olympic men's competitions (22) while Australia and Netherlands hold the same record in women's competitions (11). India leads the medal tally for the men's events with 13 medals while the Netherlands heads the women's events with 10 medals.<br /> <br /> [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] won the first two editions of the men's event in [[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]] and [[Field hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920]]. [[India men's national field hockey team|India]] won the gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics from [[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] to [[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|1964]] with [[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan]] winning three gold and silver medals each between the 1956 and [[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Games]]. The matches are played on [[artificial turf]] since [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]]. Since the late 1980s, European nations have dominated the field hockey events with [[Germany men's national field hockey team|Germany]] and [[Netherlands men's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] having won three gold medals each in the men's event. In the women's event, [[Netherlands women's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] and [[Australia women's national field hockey team|Australia]] have been dominant, having won five and three gold medals respectively since its introduction in 1980.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[Field hockey]] was introduced at the [[Modern Olympic Games]] as a men's competition at the [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908 Games]] in [[London]]. [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] won the first two editions in [[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]] (as [[England men's national field hockey team|England]]) and [[Field hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/field-hockey-101-olympic-history-records-and-results|title=Field hockey Olympic records and results|work=[[NBC Olympics]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was removed from the Olympic schedule of the [[Summer Olympic Games]] for the [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Paris Games]] because of the lack of an international sporting structure. The [[International Hockey Federation]] (FIH) was founded in Paris that year as a response to the same.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History {{!}} FIH |url=https://www.fih.hockey/about-fih/history |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[International Hockey Federation]] |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202110108/https://www.fih.hockey/about-fih/history |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Men's field hockey was added to the Olympics for the next Olympic Games in [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Games]] held at [[Amsterdam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Olympedia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/sports/HOC|title=Hockey at the Olympics|work=[[Olympedia]]|access-date=1 August 2024|archive-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215190142/https://www.olympedia.org/sports/HOC|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Indian-Hockey-Team-Berlin-1936.jpg|thumb|[[India men's national field hockey team|Indian team]] that won the gold at the [[India at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Berlin Olympics]]]]<br /> <br /> Starting in [[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]], [[India men's national field hockey team|India]] won the gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics till [[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|1964]] including six consecutive gold medals from the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Olympics]] to [[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-hockey-team-won-first-olympic-games-gold-medal-1928-amsterdam|title=How Indian hockey cast a spell to win the 1928 Olympics gold|date=3 April 2021|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Olympics.com]]|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821103744/https://olympics.com/en/news/india-hockey-team-won-first-olympic-games-gold-medal-1928-amsterdam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/how-indian-hockey-team-olympic-games-gold-medals|title=Indian hockey men at the Olympics: A gold-laden history|date=20 March 2020|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Olympics.com]]|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821103758/https://olympics.com/en/news/how-indian-hockey-team-olympic-games-gold-medals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan]] won its first gold medal in [[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960]] and won three gold and silver medals each in a run lasting from 1956 to [[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/how-many-pakistan-olympic-medals-won|title=How many Olympic medals have Pakistan won|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Olympics.com]]|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403121251/https://olympics.com/en/news/how-many-pakistan-olympic-medals-won|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[West Germany men's national field hockey team|West Germany]] won the gold medal in the [[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich Olympics]], for the first gold medal by a non-Asian country since 1928. Olympic field hockey games were first played on [[artificial turf]] at the [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal Games]] and was won by [[New Zealand men's national field hockey team|New Zealand]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/sports/olympics/olympic-history-how-artificial-surfaces-altered-the-balance-of-power-in-world-hockey-article-12779064.html|title=Olympic history: How artificial surfaces altered the balance of power in world hockey|date=27 July 2024|access-date=1 August 2024|work=Money Control|archive-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730161200/https://www.moneycontrol.com/sports/olympics/olympic-history-how-artificial-surfaces-altered-the-balance-of-power-in-world-hockey-article-12779064.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The domination of both the Asian countries came to an end in the late 1980s with India winning its last gold medal in the competition in [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]] and Pakistan in 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Though the International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations (IFWHA) was founded way back in 1927, [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Women's field hockey]] made its debut at the [[Summer Olympics]] only at the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]] and was won by [[Zimbabwe women's national field hockey team|Zimbabwe]]. On 23 April 1983, women’s hockey programme was taken over by FIH and the IFWHA was dissolved.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olympedia&quot;/&gt; Great Britain won its first gold medal in the [[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|men's event]] since 1920 in the [[1988 Seoul Olympics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> [[File:Netherlands_womens_hockey_celebrate_-_2012_Olympics.jpg|thumb|left|[[Netherlands women's national field hockey team|Netherlands women's team]] after winning gold at the [[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2012 Olympics]]]]<br /> <br /> Until the 1988 Olympics, the tournament was invitational but FIH introduced a qualification system starting from the [[Field Hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Barcelona Olympics]]. Since the 1990s, European countries have been dominant in the men's sport with the only exceptions being the wins by [[Australia men's national field hockey team|Australia]] in [[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2004]] and [[Argentina men's national field hockey team|Argentina]] in [[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]]. Both [[Germany men's national field hockey team|Germany]] and [[Netherlands men's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] have won three gold medals each, with the only other European winner being [[Belgium men's national field hockey team|Belgium]] in [[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2020]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;/&gt; In the women's events, [[Netherlands women's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] and [[Australia women's national field hockey team|Australia]] have been dominant, having won five and three gold medals respectively since its introduction to the Olympic programme in [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980]]. The only other winners of the women's event were [[Spain women's national field hockey team|Spain]] in [[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1992]], [[Germany women's national field hockey team|Germany]] in [[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2004]], and [[Great Britain women's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] in [[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2016]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> The last edition of both the [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|men's]] and [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|women's events]] were held as a part of the [[2024 Paris Olympics]] with Netherlands winning both the events.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/photos/netherlands-women-secure-olympic-gold|title=Netherlands women secure Olympic gold|date=9 August 2024|work=[[International Hockey Federation]]|access-date=10 August 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826055645/https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/photos/netherlands-women-secure-olympic-gold|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/photos/netherlands-mens-team-strikes-gold-at-the-olympics|title=Netherlands men's team strike Olympic gold|date=10 August 2024|work=[[International Hockey Federation]]|access-date=10 August 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826055644/https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/photos/netherlands-mens-team-strikes-gold-at-the-olympics|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; India holds the record for the most appearances in the Olympic men's competitions (22) and [[Spain men's national field hockey team|Spain]] has appeared in the most Olympic men's competitions (19) without winning the men's gold medal with the best place finishes being the silver medal won in [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]], [[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996]], and [[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008]].&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-19/spanish-on-course-to-realise-olympic-dream/482492|title=Spanish on course to realise Olympic dream|date=19 August 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826051758/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-19/spanish-on-course-to-realise-olympic-dream/482492|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Australia and Netherlands hold the record for the most appearances in the Olympic women's competitions (11).&lt;ref name=&quot;Olympedia&quot;/&gt; India leads the medal tally for the men's events with 13 medals including eight gold medals. Netherlands heads the women's events with 10 medals including five gold medals and also leads the overall medal tally with 20 medals (eight gold, six silver and six bronze).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team|title=Indian field hockey records|work=Khel Now|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814144944/https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Olympedia&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Men ==<br /> === Results ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;width:100%; font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2 width=5%|Year<br /> !rowspan=2 width=10%|Host<br /> !width=1% rowspan=31|<br /> !colspan=3|Gold medal match<br /> !width=1% rowspan=31|<br /> !colspan=3|Bronze medal match<br /> !width=1% rowspan=31|<br /> !width=6% rowspan=2|Number of teams<br /> |-<br /> !width=14%|Gold medal<br /> !width=10%|Score<br /> !width=14%|Silver medal<br /> !width=14%|Bronze medal<br /> !width=10%|Score<br /> !width=14%|Fourth place<br /> |-<br /> |1908 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[London]], Great Britain<br /> |'''{{fh-big|England}}'''<br /> |'''8–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Ireland}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Scotland}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fh-big|Wales}}<br /> |{{efn|There was no bronze medal match for the 1908 Games in London.}}<br /> |<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> |1912<br /> |[[Stockholm]], Sweden<br /> |colspan=3|''No tournament''<br /> |colspan=3|''No tournament''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1920 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Antwerp]], Belgium<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Great Britain}}'''<br /> |'''5–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Denmark}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Belgium}}<br /> |'''3–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|France|1794}}<br /> |4<br /> |-<br /> |1924<br /> |[[Paris]], France<br /> |colspan=3|''No tournament''<br /> |colspan=3|''No tournament''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1928 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Amsterdam]], Netherlands<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India|British}}'''<br /> |'''3–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany|1919}}<br /> |'''3–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Belgium}}<br /> |9<br /> |-<br /> |1932 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Los Angeles]], United States<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India|British}}'''<br /> |{{efn|name=year|Three teams participated in the 1932 tournament, so they played a round-robin format.}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Japan|1870}}<br /> |{{fh-big|USA|1912}}<br /> |{{efn|name=&quot;year&quot;}}<br /> |<br /> |3<br /> |-<br /> |1936 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Berlin]], Germany<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India|British}}'''<br /> |'''8–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany|Nazi}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''4–3'''<br /> |{{fh-big|France|1794}}<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |1948 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[London]], Great Britain<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India}}'''<br /> |'''4–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''1–1''' &lt;br /&gt; '''4–1''' &lt;br /&gt; (Replay)<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |13<br /> |-<br /> |1952 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Helsinki]], Finland<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India}}'''<br /> |'''6–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |1956 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Melbourne]], Australia<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany|EUA|name=United Team of Germany}}{{efn|name=EUA|The [[United Team of Germany]] was the combined team from [[West Germany]] and [[German Democratic Republic|East Germany]] that competed together at the Olympic Games from 1956 to 1964. Then each country sent independent teams from 1968 to 1988.}}<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |1960 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Rome]], Italy<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Pakistan}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|India}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain|1945}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |16<br /> |-<br /> |1964 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Tokyo]], Japan<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |'''3–2''' &lt;br /&gt; ([[Overtime (sports)|a.e.t.]])<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain|1945}}<br /> |15<br /> |-<br /> |1968 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Mexico City]], Mexico<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Pakistan}}'''<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |{{fh-big|India}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|West Germany}}<br /> |16<br /> |-<br /> |1972 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Munich]], West Germany<br /> |'''{{fh-big|West Germany}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |{{fh-big|India}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |16<br /> |-<br /> |1976 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics|Details]]''<br /> |[[Montreal]], Canada<br /> |'''{{fh-big|New Zealand}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |'''3–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |1980 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Moscow]], Soviet Union<br /> |'''{{fh-big|India}}'''<br /> |'''4–3'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain|1977}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Soviet Union}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Poland}}<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> |1984 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Los Angeles]], United States<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Pakistan}}'''<br /> |'''2–1''' &lt;br /&gt; ([[Overtime (sports)|a.e.t.]])<br /> |{{fh-big|West Germany}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |'''3–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |1988 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Seoul]], South Korea<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Great Britain}}'''<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|West Germany}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |1992 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Barcelona]], Spain<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Germany}}'''<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |'''4–3'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |1996 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Atlanta]], United States<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |'''3–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2000 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Sydney]], Australia<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''3–3''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(5–4)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty strokes]]<br /> |{{fh-big|South Korea|1997}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |'''6–3'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Pakistan}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2004 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Athens]], Greece<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Australia}}'''<br /> |'''2–1''' &lt;br /&gt; ([[Overtime (sports)|a.e.t.]])<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany}}<br /> |'''4–3''' &lt;br /&gt; ([[Overtime (sports)|a.e.t.]])<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2008 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Beijing]], China<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Germany}}'''<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |'''6–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2012 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[London]], Great Britain<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Germany}}'''<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2016 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Argentina}}'''<br /> |'''4–2'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Belgium}}<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany}}<br /> |'''1–1''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(4–3)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fh-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2020 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Tokyo]], Japan<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Belgium}}'''<br /> |'''1–1''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(3–2)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fh-big|Australia}}<br /> |{{fh-big|India}}<br /> |'''5–4'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2024 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Paris]], France<br /> |'''{{fh-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''1–1''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(3–1)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fh-big|Germany}}<br /> |{{fh-big|India}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fh-big|Spain}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2028&lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Los Angeles]], United States<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2032 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2032 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Brisbane]], Australia<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |12<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Men's medal table ===<br /> {{Medals table<br /> | caption = <br /> | host = <br /> | flag_template = fh<br /> | event = <br /> | team = <br /> | gold_IND = 8 | silver_IND = 1 | bronze_IND = 4 |note_IND = {{efn|name=India}}<br /> | gold_NED = 3 | silver_NED = 4 | bronze_NED = 3<br /> | gold_PAK = 3 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 2<br /> | gold_GBR = 3 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 4<br /> | gold_GER = 3 | silver_GER = 2 | bronze_GER = 3<br /> | gold_AUS = 1 | silver_AUS = 4 | bronze_AUS = 5<br /> | gold_FRG = 1 | silver_FRG = 2 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG = ''{{fh|FRG}}''<br /> | gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 0 | bronze_ARG = 0<br /> | gold_NZL = 1 | silver_NZL = 0 | bronze_NZL = 0<br /> | gold_ESP = 0 | silver_ESP = 3 | bronze_ESP = 1<br /> | gold_BEL = 1 | silver_BEL = 1 | bronze_BEL = 1<br /> | gold_DEN = 0 | silver_DEN = 1 | bronze_DEN = 0<br /> | gold_JPN = 0 | silver_JPN = 1 | bronze_JPN = 0<br /> | gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 1 | bronze_KOR = 0<br /> | gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 1 | name_URS = ''{{fh|URS}}''<br /> | gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 1<br /> | gold_EUA = 0 | silver_EUA = 0 | bronze_EUA = 1 | name_EUA = ''{{nowrap|{{fh|Germany|EUA|name=United Team of Germany}}}}''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Top four statistics ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> !Team<br /> !Winners<br /> !Runners-up<br /> !Third place<br /> !Fourth place<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|IND}}{{efn|name=India}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|8 (1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980)<br /> |1 (1960)<br /> |4 (1968, 1972, 2020, 2024)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|GER}}{{efn|Includes results representing the [[United Team of Germany]] from 1956 to 1964 and [[West Germany]] from 1968 to 1988}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|4 (1972*, 1992, 2008, 2012)<br /> |4 (1936*, 1984, 1988, 2024)<br /> |4 (1928, 1956, 2004, 2016)<br /> |3 (1968, 1996, 2020)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|NED}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|3 (1996, 2000, 2024)<br /> |4 (1928*, 1952, 2004, 2012)<br /> |3 (1936, 1948, 1988)<br /> |5 (1972, 1976, 1992, 2008, 2016)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|PAK}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|3 (1960, 1968, 1984)<br /> |3 (1956, 1964, 1972)<br /> |2 (1976, 1992)<br /> |3 (1948, 1952, 2000)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|GBR}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|3 (1908*, 1920, 1988)<br /> |2 (1908*, 1948*)<br /> |4 (1908*, 1908*, 1952, 1984)<br /> |3 (1956, 1960, 2012*)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|AUS}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (2004)<br /> |4 (1968, 1976, 1992, 2020)<br /> |5 (1964, 1996, 2000*, 2008, 2012)<br /> |2 (1984, 1988)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|BEL}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (2020)<br /> |1 (2016)<br /> |1 (1920*)<br /> |1 (1928)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|NZL}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (1976)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fh|ARG}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (2016)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|ESP}}<br /> |<br /> |3 (1980, 1996, 2008)<br /> |1 (1960)<br /> |3 (1964, 2004, 2024)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|DEN}}<br /> |<br /> |1 (1920)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|JPN}}<br /> |<br /> |1 (1932)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|KOR}}<br /> |<br /> |1 (2000)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|USA}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1932*)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|URS}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1980*)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|FRA}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2 (1920, 1936)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fh|POL}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1980)<br /> |}<br /> :&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; = ''host nation''<br /> <br /> === Team appearances ===<br /> Since the debut of the field hockey on the sports programme in 1908, 45 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;overflow-x:auto;&quot;&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Team<br /> !{{flagicon|Great Britain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Belgium}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Netherlands}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics|1932]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Great Britain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Finland}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Australia}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Italy}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Japan}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|1964]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Mexico}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]]<br /> !{{flagicon|West Germany}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Canada}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Soviet Union}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1980]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1984]]<br /> !{{flagicon|South Korea|1984}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1988]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Spain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1992]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1996]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Australia}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2000]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Greece}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2004]]<br /> !{{flagicon|China}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Great Britain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2012]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Japan}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2020]]<br /> !{{flagicon|FRA}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2024]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2028]]<br /> !Total<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Afghanistan|2013}}<br /> | – || – || – || – ||6th||8th|| – ||11th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Argentina}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – ||5th|| – || – || – || – ||14th||14th||11th|| – || – ||8th||11th||9th||8th||11th|| – ||10th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||7th||8th||||'''13'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Australia}}<br /> |–||–||–||–||–||–||–||5th||6th||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||5th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||–||4th||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||6th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||6th||||'''17'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Austria}}<br /> | – || – ||9th|| – || – ||8th||7th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Belgium}}<br /> | – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th|| – ||9th||5th||9th||7th||11th||11th||9th||10th||9th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||9th||5th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th||||'''16'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Brazil}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||12th|| – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Canada}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||13th|| – || – ||10th|| – ||12th||11th|| – || – ||10th|| – ||10th|| – ||11th||12th|| – ||||'''8'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|China}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th|| – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|CIS}}<br /> |colspan=16| – ||10th||colspan=9|''Defunct''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Cuba}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||5th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Denmark}}<br /> | – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||5th|| – ||10th||11th|| – || – ||16th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|East Germany}}<br /> |colspan=&quot;10&quot;| – ||11th|| – || – || – || – || – ||colspan=&quot;10&quot;|''Defunct''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Egypt}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||12th|| – || – ||12th|| – || – || – || – || – ||||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|England}}<br /> |bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||colspan=&quot;25&quot;|''Part of [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]]''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Finland}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – ||9th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|France}}<br /> |6th||4th||5th|| – ||4th||8th||11th|| – ||10th|| – ||10th||12th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th||||'''10'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Germany}}<br /> |5th|| – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''|| – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''|| – ||5th||colspan=&quot;9&quot;| – ||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||4th||5th||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||||'''13'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Great Britain}}<br /> | – ||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''|| – || – || – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th||4th||9th||12th||6th|| – || – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||6th||7th||6th||9th||5th||4th||9th||5th||7th||||'''19'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Hong Kong}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||15th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Hungary}}<br /> | – || – || – || – ||8th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|India}}<br /> |–||–||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||7th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th||6th||7th||8th||7th||7th|| – ||12th||8th||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||||'''22'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|IRL}}<br /> |bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||–|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||–||–||–||–||–||–||10th||–||10th||||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Italy}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th|| – ||13th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Japan}}<br /> | – || – || – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||7th|| – || – || – ||14th||7th||13th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th|| – ||||'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Kenya}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||10th||7th||6th||8th||13th|| – || – ||9th||12th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Malaysia}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||9th|| – ||9th||15th||8th||8th|| – ||10th|| – ||9th||11th||11th|| – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Mexico}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||16th||16th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Netherlands}}<br /> |–||–||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||–||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||–||9th||7th||5th||4th||4th||–||6th||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||4th||6th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||||'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|New Zealand}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||6th||5th||13th||7th||9th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''|| – ||7th|| – ||8th|| – || – ||6th||7th||9th||7th||9th||12th||||'''14'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Pakistan}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – ||4th||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''|| – ||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||6th||4th||5th||8th||7th|| – || – || – ||||'''16'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Poland}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – ||6th|| – ||12th|| – || – ||11th|| – ||4th|| – || – || – || – ||12th|| – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|RHO|1964}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th||colspan=16|''Defunct''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Scotland}}<br /> |bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||colspan=&quot;25&quot;|''Part of [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]]''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Singapore}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||8th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|South Africa}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||10th|| – ||10th||12th||11th|| – ||10th||9th||||'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|South Korea}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||10th|| – ||5th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||8th||6th||8th|| – || – || – ||||'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Soviet Union}}#<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''|| – ||7th||colspan=&quot;10&quot;|''Defunct''||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Spain}}<br /> | – || – ||7th|| – || – ||11th|| – || – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th||6th||7th||6th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||8th||9th||5th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||9th||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||6th||5th||8th||4th||||'''19'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Switzerland}}<br /> | – || – ||7th|| – ||5th||5th||7th|| – ||15th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Tanzania}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||6th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Uganda}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||15th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|United States}}<br /> | – || – || – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||11th||11th|| – ||12th|| – || – || – || – || – || – ||12th|| – || – ||12th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||Q||'''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{nowrap|{{fh|Germany|EUA|name= United Team of Germany}}}}<br /> |colspan=&quot;7&quot;| – ||bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||7th||5th||colspan=&quot;16&quot;|''Defunct''||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Wales}}<br /> |bgcolor=cc9966|'''3rd'''||colspan=&quot;25&quot;|''Part of [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]]''||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fh|West Germany}}<br /> |colspan=&quot;10&quot;| – ||4th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th|| – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||colspan=&quot;10&quot;|''Defunct''||'''5'''<br /> |-<br /> !Total || 6 || 4 || 9 || 3 || 11 || 13 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 15 || 16 || 16 || 11 || 6 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 ||12||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> :&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt; = ''states or teams that have since split into two or more independent teams''<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> === Debut of teams ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Debuting teams<br /> !{{abbr|No.|Number}}<br /> !{{abbr|CT|Cumulative total}}<br /> !Successor or&lt;br/&gt;renamed teams<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|ENG}}, {{fh|FRA|1830}}, {{fh|GER|1866}}, {{fh|IRE|1783}}, {{fh|SCO}}, {{fh|WAL|1807}}<br /> |6<br /> |6<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|BEL}}, {{fh|DEN}}<br /> |2<br /> |8<br /> |align=left|{{fh|GBR}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|AUT}}, {{fh|IND|British}}, {{fh|NED}}, {{fh|ESP|1874}}, {{fh|SUI}}<br /> |5<br /> |13<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics|1932]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|JPN|1870}}, {{fh|USA|1912}}<br /> |2<br /> |15<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|AFG|1930}}, {{fh|HUN|1920}}<br /> |2<br /> |17<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|ARG}}, {{fh|PAK}}<br /> |2<br /> |19<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|FIN}}, {{fh|ITA}}, {{fh|POL|1928}}<br /> |3<br /> |22<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|AUS}}, {{fh|KEN|colonial}}, {{fh|Malaya}}, {{fh|NZL}}, {{fh|SGP|colonial-1952}}<br /> |5<br /> |27<br /> |{{fh|GER|EUA|name=United Team of Germany}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960]]<br /> |align=left|''No debut''<br /> |0<br /> |27<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|1964]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|CAN|1957}}, {{fh|HKG|1959}}, {{fh|RHO|1964}}<br /> |3<br /> |30<br /> |align=left|{{fh|MAS}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|GDR}}, {{fh|MEX|1934}}<br /> |2<br /> |32<br /> |align=left|{{fh|FRG}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|UGA}}<br /> |1<br /> |33<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |33<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1980]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|CUB}}, {{fh|URS}}, {{fh|TAN}}<br /> |3<br /> |36<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1984]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |36<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1988]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|KOR|1984}}<br /> |1<br /> |37<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1992]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|EGY}}<br /> |1<br /> |38<br /> |align=left|{{fh|Germany}}, {{flagdeco|Commonwealth of Independent States|1992}} [[Russia men's national field hockey team|CIS]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1996]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|RSA}}<br /> |1<br /> |39<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2000]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |39<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2004]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |39<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|CHN}}<br /> |1<br /> |40<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2012]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |40<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]]<br /> |align=left|{{fh|BRA}}<br /> |1<br /> |41<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2020]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |41<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2024]]<br /> |align=left|''None''<br /> |0<br /> |41<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Women ==<br /> === Results ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;width:100%; font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2 width=5%|Year<br /> !rowspan=2 width=10%|Host<br /> !width=1% rowspan=16|<br /> !colspan=3|Gold medal match<br /> !width=1% rowspan=16|<br /> !colspan=3|Bronze medal match<br /> !width=1% rowspan=16|<br /> !width=6% rowspan=2|Number of teams<br /> |-<br /> !width=14%|Gold medal<br /> !width=10%|Score<br /> !width=14%|Silver medal<br /> !width=14%|Bronze medal<br /> !width=10%|Score<br /> !width=14%|Fourth place<br /> |-<br /> |1980 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Moscow]], Soviet Union<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Zimbabwe}}'''<br /> |{{efn|name=moscow|Round-robin format play in 1980 for women's tournament}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Czechoslovakia}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Soviet Union}}<br /> |{{efn|name=moscow}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|India}}<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> |1984 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Los Angeles]], United States<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |{{efn|Round Robin format use in 1984 women's tournament}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|West Germany}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|USA}}<br /> |'''(10–5)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty strokes]]{{efn|The final standings show both the United States and Australia were tied in points and had same margin in goal difference (both having scored 9 goals and conceded 7 goals), therefore a penalty stroke competition was played to decide the bronze medal winner, with the United States winning.}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Australia}}<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> |1988 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Seoul]], South Korea<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Australia}}'''<br /> |'''2–0'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|South Korea|1984}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |1992 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Barcelona]], Spain<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Spain}}'''<br /> |'''2–1''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Overtime (sports)|after extra time]]<br /> |{{fhw-big|Germany}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |'''4–3'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|South Korea|1984}}<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |1996 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Atlanta]], United States<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Australia}}'''<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|South Korea|1984}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''0–0''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Overtime (sports)|after extra time]] &lt;br /&gt; '''(4–3)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty strokes]]<br /> |{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |2000 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Sydney]], Australia<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Australia}}'''<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |'''2–0'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Spain}}<br /> |10<br /> |-<br /> |2004 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Athens]], Greece<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Germany}}'''<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |'''1–0'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|China}}<br /> |10<br /> |-<br /> |2008 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Beijing]], China<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''2–0'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|China}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Germany}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2012 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[London]], Great Britain<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''2–0'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|New Zealand}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2016 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}'''<br /> |'''3–3''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(2–0)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Germany}}<br /> |'''2–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|New Zealand}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2020 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Tokyo]], Japan<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> |'''3–1'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Great Britain}}<br /> |'''4–3'''<br /> |{{fhw-big|India}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2024 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Paris]], France<br /> |'''{{fhw-big|Netherlands}}'''<br /> | '''1–1''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(3–1)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fhw-big|China}}<br /> |{{fhw-big|Argentina}}<br /> |'''2–2''' &lt;br /&gt; '''(3–1)''' &lt;br /&gt; [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Penalty shootout]]<br /> |{{fhw-big|Belgium}}<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2028&lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Los Angeles]], United States<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |2032 &lt;br /&gt; ''[[Field hockey at the 2032 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Details]]''<br /> |[[Brisbane]], Australia<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |12<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Women's medal table ===<br /> {{Medals table<br /> | caption = <br /> | host = <br /> | flag_template = fhw <br /> | event = <br /> | team = <br /> | gold_NED = 5 | silver_NED = 2 | bronze_NED = 3<br /> | gold_AUS = 3 | silver_AUS = 0 | bronze_AUS = 0<br /> | gold_GER = 1 | silver_GER = 1 | bronze_GER = 1<br /> | gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 0 | bronze_GBR = 3<br /> | gold_ESP = 1 | silver_ESP = 0 | bronze_ESP = 0<br /> | gold_ZIM = 1 | silver_ZIM = 0 | bronze_ZIM = 0<br /> | gold_ARG = 0 | silver_ARG = 3 | bronze_ARG = 3<br /> | gold_CHN = 0 | silver_CHN = 2 | bronze_CHN = 0<br /> | gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 2 | bronze_KOR = 0<br /> | gold_FRG = 0 | silver_FRG = 1 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG = ''{{fhw|FRG}}''<br /> | gold_TCH = 0 | silver_TCH = 1 | bronze_TCH = 0 | name_TCH = ''{{nowrap|{{fhw|TCH}}}}''<br /> | gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 1 | name_URS = ''{{fhw|URS}}''<br /> | gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 1<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Top four statistics ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> !Team<br /> !Winners<br /> !Runners-up<br /> !Third place<br /> !Fourth place<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|NED}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|5 (1984, 2008, 2012, 2020, 2024)<br /> |2 (2004, 2016)<br /> |3 (1988, 1996, 2000)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|AUS}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|3 (1988, 1996, 2000*)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1984)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|GER}}{{efn|Includes representing [[West Germany]] from 1984 to 1988}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (2004)<br /> |2 (1984, 1992)<br /> |1 (2016)<br /> |1 (2008)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|GBR}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (2016)<br /> |<br /> |3 (1992, 2012*, 2020)<br /> |2 (1988, 1996)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|ESP}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (1992*)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (2000)<br /> |-<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|{{fhw|ZIM}}<br /> |style=background:#FFF68F|1 (1980)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|ARG}}<br /> |<br /> |3 (2000, 2012, 2020)<br /> |3 (2004, 2008, 2024)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|KOR}}<br /> |<br /> |2 (1988*, 1996)<br /> |<br /> |1 (1992)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|CHN}}<br /> |<br /> |2 (2008*, 2024)<br /> |<br /> |1 (2004)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|TCH}}<br /> |<br /> |1 (1980)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|URS}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1980*)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|USA}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (1984*)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|IND}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2 (1980, 2020)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|NZL}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2 (2012, 2016)<br /> |-<br /> |{{fhw|BEL}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |1 (2024)<br /> <br /> |}<br /> :&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; = ''host nation''<br /> <br /> === Team appearances ===<br /> Since its debut at the 1980 Games, 23 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Team<br /> !{{flagicon|Soviet Union}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1980]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1984]]<br /> !{{flagicon|South Korea|1984}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1988]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Spain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1992]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1996]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Australia}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2000]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Greece}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2004]]<br /> !{{flagicon|China}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2008]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Great Britain}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2012]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2016]]<br /> !{{flagicon|Japan}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2020]]<br /> !{{flagicon|FRA}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024]]<br /> !{{flagicon|United States}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Field hockey at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2028]]<br /> !Total<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Argentina}}<br /> | – || – ||7th|| – ||7th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||7th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''|| bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd''' ||||'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Australia}}<br /> | – ||4th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||5th||5th||5th||6th||5th||5th||||'''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Austria}}<br /> |5th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Belgium}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||11th|| – || – ||4th||||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Canada}}<br /> | – ||5th||6th||7th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|China}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – ||5th||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||6th||9th||9th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||||'''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{nobr|{{fhw|Czechoslovakia}}#}}<br /> |bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''|| – || – || – ||colspan=&quot;9&quot;| ''Defunct'' ||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|FRA}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||–||12th||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Germany}}<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot;| – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||6th||7th||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||4th||7th||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||6th||6th||||'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Great Britain}}<br /> | – || – ||4th||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||4th||8th|| – ||6th||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||8th||||'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|India}}<br /> |4th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||12th||4th|| – ||||'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|IRL}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||10th|| – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Japan}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – || – ||8th||10th||9th||10th||11th||10th||||'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Netherlands}}<br /> |–||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||6th||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||||'''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|New Zealand}}<br /> | – ||6th|| – ||8th|| – ||6th||6th||12th||4th||4th||8th|| – ||||'''8'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Poland}}<br /> |6th|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|South Africa}}<br /> | – || – || – || – || – ||10th||9th||11th||10th|| – ||12th||11th||||'''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|South Korea}}<br /> | – || – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||4th||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||9th||7th||9th||8th||11th|| – || – ||||'''8'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Soviet Union}}#<br /> |bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''|| – || – ||colspan=&quot;10&quot;| ''Defunct'' ||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Spain}}<br /> | – || – || – ||bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''||8th||4th||10th||7th|| – ||8th||7th||7th||||'''8'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|United States}}<br /> | – ||bgcolor=#cc9966|'''3rd'''||8th|| – ||5th|| – || – ||8th||12th||5th|| – ||9th||Q||'''8'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|West Germany}}<br /> | – ||bgcolor=silver|'''2nd'''||5th||colspan=&quot;10&quot;| ''Defunct'' ||'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Zimbabwe}}<br /> |bgcolor=gold|'''1st'''|| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||||'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !Total || 6 || 6 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 10 || 10 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 ||12||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> :&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt; = ''states or teams that have since split into two or more independent teams''<br /> <br /> === Debut of teams ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Debuting teams<br /> !{{abbr|No.|Number}}<br /> !{{abbr|CT|Cumulative total}}<br /> !Successor or&lt;br/&gt;renamed teams<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1980]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Austria}}, {{fhw|Czechoslovakia}} *, {{fhw|India}}, {{fhw|Poland}}, {{fhw|Soviet Union}} *, {{fhw|Zimbabwe}}<br /> |6<br /> |6<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1984]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Australia}}, {{fhw|Canada}}, {{fhw|Netherlands}}, {{fhw|New Zealand}}, {{fhw|United States}}, {{fhw|West Germany}} *<br /> |6<br /> |12<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1988]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Argentina}}, {{fhw|Great Britain}}, {{fhw|South Korea}}<br /> |3<br /> |15<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1992]]<br /> |align=left| {{fhw|Spain}}<br /> |1 <br /> |16<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Germany}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|1996]]<br /> |align=left|''No debuts''<br /> |0<br /> |16<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2000]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|China}}, {{fhw|South Africa}}<br /> |2<br /> |18<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2004]]<br /> |align=left|''No debuts''<br /> |0<br /> |18<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2008]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Japan}}<br /> |1<br /> |19<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2012]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|Belgium}}<br /> |1<br /> |20<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2016]]<br /> |align=left|''No debuts''<br /> |0<br /> |20<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2020]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|IRL}}<br /> |1<br /> |21<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024]]<br /> |align=left|{{fhw|FRA}}<br /> |1<br /> |22<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> :''* = Defunct Team''<br /> <br /> ==Overall medal table==<br /> [[File:Hockey su prato Olimpiadi 1960 premiazione.jpg|thumb|right|The medal ceremony of the men's tournament at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]] in Rome, Italy]]<br /> Source:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://olympanalyt.com/OlympAnalytics.php?param_pagetype=MedalsByCountries&amp;param_dbversion=&amp;param_country=&amp;param_games=ALL&amp;param_sport=Hockey |title=Olympic Analytics – Medals by Countries |website=Olympanalyt.com |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-date=4 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204145219/http://olympanalyt.com/OlympAnalytics.php?param_pagetype=MedalsByCountries&amp;param_dbversion=&amp;param_country=&amp;param_games=ALL&amp;param_sport=Hockey |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Medals table<br /> | caption = <br /> | host = <br /> | flag_template = flagIOC<br /> | event = <br /> | team = <br /> | gold_IND = 8 | silver_IND = 1 | bronze_IND = 4 |note_IND = {{efn|name=India|Includes three gold medals as [[British India]]}}<br /> | gold_NED = 8 | silver_NED = 6 | bronze_NED = 6<br /> | gold_AUS = 4 | silver_AUS = 4 | bronze_AUS = 5<br /> | gold_GBR = 4 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 7<br /> | gold_GER = 4 | silver_GER = 3 | bronze_GER = 4<br /> | gold_PAK = 3 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 2<br /> | gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 3 | bronze_ARG = 3<br /> | gold_ESP = 1 | silver_ESP = 3 | bronze_ESP = 1<br /> | gold_FRG = 1 | silver_FRG = 3 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG =<br /> {{FlagIOC|FRG}}*<br /> | gold_NZL = 1 | silver_NZL = 0 | bronze_NZL = 0<br /> | gold_ZIM = 1 | silver_ZIM = 0 | bronze_ZIM = 0<br /> | gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 3 | bronze_KOR = 0<br /> | gold_BEL = 1 | silver_BEL = 1 | bronze_BEL = 1<br /> | gold_CHN = 0 | silver_CHN = 2 | bronze_CHN = 0<br /> | gold_DEN = 0 | silver_DEN = 1 | bronze_DEN = 0<br /> | gold_JPN = 0 | silver_JPN = 1 | bronze_JPN = 0<br /> | gold_TCH = 0 | silver_TCH = 1 | bronze_TCH = 0 | name_TCH = {{FlagIOC|TCH}}*<br /> | gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 2 | name_URS = {{FlagIOC|URS}}*<br /> | gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 2<br /> | gold_EUA = 0 | silver_EUA = 0 | bronze_EUA = 1 | name_EUA = {{nowrap|{{FlagIOC|EUA}}*}}<br /> }}<br /> :''* = Defunct Team''<br /> <br /> == Olympic records ==<br /> [[File:Hockey Final—India v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Thursday, August 12th. India scoring her third goal.png|thumb|[[India men's national field hockey team|India]] against [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] in the final of the [[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948 Olympics]]]]<br /> <br /> === Men ===<br /> *Most appearances : {{flagicon|IND}} [[India men's national field hockey team|India]] (22)&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/news/mens-hockey-at-the-olympic-games-a-statistical-rewind|title=Men’s Hockey at the Olympic Games: A statistical rewind|work=[[International Hockey Federation]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614012227/https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/news/mens-hockey-at-the-olympic-games-a-statistical-rewind|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most consecutive appearances : {{flagicon|IND}} India (18, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|2004}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most medals : {{flagicon|IND}} India (13)&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most titles : {{flagicon|IND}} India (8)&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Longest winning streak : 30 matches {{flagicon|IND}} (India, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|1960}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored in a single tournament : {{flagicon|IND}} India (43, {{GamesName|SOG|1980}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team|title=Indian field hockey records|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814144944/https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team|url-status=live|work=Khelnow}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Fewest goals conceded in a single tournament: {{flagicon|IND}} India (nil, ({{GamesName|SOG|1928}}, {{GamesName|SOG|1956}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Biggest margin of victory : {{flagicon|IND}} India 24–1 [[United States men's national field hockey team|United States]] ({{GamesName|SOG|1932}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India1&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Biggest margin of victory at an Olympic final : {{flagicon|IND}} India 8–1 [[Germany men's national field hockey team|Germany]] ({{GamesName|SOG|1936}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India1&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most appearances by a player: {{flagicon|NED}} [[Teun de Nooijer]] ([[Netherlands men's national field hockey team|Netherlands]]), {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ric Charlesworth]] ([[Australia men's national field hockey team|Australia]]), {{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Alegre]] and [[Pol Amat]] ([[Spain men's national field hockey team|Spain]]) (5 appearances)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored by a player in a match : {{flagicon|IND}} [[Roop Singh]] (India, 10 goals vs United States at {{GamesName|SOG|1932}})&lt;ref name=&quot;India1&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored by a player in an Olympic final : {{flagicon|IND}} [[Balbir Singh Sr.]] (India, 5 goals vs Netherlands at {{GamesName|SOG|1952}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-goals-scored-by-an-individual-in-an-olympic-hockey-final-(male)|title=Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)|work=[[Guinness World Records]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826063927/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-goals-scored-by-an-individual-in-an-olympic-hockey-final-(male)|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Women ===<br /> *Most appearances : {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia women's national field hockey team|Australia]] and {{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands women's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] (11)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/news/womens-hockey-at-the-olympic-games-a-statistical-rewind|title=Women’s Hockey at the Olympic Games: A statistical rewind|work=[[International Hockey Federation]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826064739/https://www.fih.hockey/events/the-olympic-games-paris-2024/news/womens-hockey-at-the-olympic-games-a-statistical-rewind|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Most consecutive appearances : {{flagicon|AUS}} Australia and {{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands (11, {{GamesName|SOG|1980}} – {{GamesName|SOG|2024}})&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most medals : {{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands (10)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most titles : {{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands (5)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored : {{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands (192)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored in a single tournament : {{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands (29, {{GamesName|SOG|2020}})&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most appearances by a player: {{flagicon|GER}} [[Natascha Keller]] ([[Germany women's national field hockey team|Germany]], 5 appearances)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals by a player: {{flagicon|NED}} [[Maartje Paumen]] (Netherlands, 19 goals)&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Most goals scored by a player in a single tournament: {{flagicon|NED}} [[Maartje Paumen]] (Netherlands, 11 goals at {{GamesName|SOG|2008}})&lt;ref name=&quot;FIHW&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Olympic venues in field hockey]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Summer Olympic Games field hockey men's tournament winners}}<br /> {{Footer Olympic Champions Field hockey - Women's tournament}}<br /> {{Field hockey at the Summer Olympics}}<br /> {{Sports at the Olympics}}<br /> {{International field hockey}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Field hockey at the Summer Olympics| ]]<br /> [[Category:International field hockey competitions|Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Sports at the Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Field hockey at multi-sport events|Olympic Games]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vidhan_Bhavan,_Jaipur&diff=544266 2026-03-26T14:13:40Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding pg!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Seat of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly}}<br /> {{moresources|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> | name = Vidhan Bhavan<br /> | image = Rajasthan Assembly.jpg<br /> | image_size = 250px<br /> | building_type = Legislature complex<br /> | address = Pankaj Singhvi Marg, Jyothi Nagar, Lalkothi, [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | location_city = [[Jaipur]]<br /> | location_country = {{Flag|India}}<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|26.8921714|75.7976895|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 14<br /> | construction_start_date = {{Start date and age|1994|11}}<br /> | completion_date = {{End date and age|2001|03}}<br /> | height = {{cvt|44|m}}<br /> | floor_count = 8<br /> | floor_area = {{cvt|56,485|sqm}}<br /> | grounds_area = {{cvt|16.96|acre}}<br /> | seating_capacity = 260<br /> | website = {{URL|https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in}}<br /> }}<br /> The '''Vidhan Bhavan''' is the seat of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. It is one of the most modern legislature complexes in India. It is situated in Jyoti Nagar, [[Jaipur]] the capital of the state.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> From 1952 to 2000, the Sawai Man Singh Town Hall was the seat of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. The 5th session of the 11th Legislative Assembly was the last session, held in Sawai Man Singh Town Hall on 6 November 2000. Work on this project commenced in November 1994 and was completed in March 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rajassembly&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Assembly Building |url=https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/Containers/Overview/AssemblyBuilding.aspx |website=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly |access-date=7 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description== <br /> <br /> The exterior of the building has been provided with famous traditional features of Rajasthan such as [[Jharokha]]s, [[Chhatri]]es, Kamani, Baradaries, Arches, Todies, etc. The interior entrance lounges have been decorated in the famous Rajasthani traditional art on walls and ceilings representing the traditional art of four regions of [[Jaipur]], [[Shekhawati]], [[Marwar]], and [[Mewar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rajassembly&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The building is an eight-storied frame structure with a height of 145 feet and a floor area of 6.08 lac sqft. The main dome has a diameter of 104 feet. The assembly hall has a seating capacity for 260 members and a hall of identical capacity over it at the fifth floor for the future [[Vidhan Parishad]] (Upper House).&lt;ref name=&quot;Rajassembly&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The building has four entry gates in the North, South, East, and West directions. Each gate represents a different style of Rajasthani culture.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Photos: राजस्थानी कला और खूबसूरती का संगम है ‘विधान सभा भवन‘, खूबियां देख आप भी हो जाएंगे गदगद |url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/rajasthan-vidhan-sabha-is-confluence-of-rajasthani-art-and-beauty-2352087/ |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]] |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107091633/https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/rajasthan-vidhan-sabha-is-confluence-of-rajasthani-art-and-beauty-2352087/ |archive-date=7 January 2024 |language=hi |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Legislative buildings in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Legislative buildings in India]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:Government buildings completed in 2001]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Whyte_Ellis&diff=499329 2026-03-25T20:29:23Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: Started stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|British civil servant}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Francis Whyte Ellis<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 1777 &lt;!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = 1819 &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = Ramnad<br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Collector of Madras, translator, Tamil and Sanskrit scholar<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Francis Whyte Ellis''' (1777–1819)&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann1&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=73}}&lt;/ref&gt; was a [[British Raj|British]] [[Indian Civil Service|civil servant]] in the [[Madras Presidency]] and a scholar of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]].<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Ellis became a writer in the [[English East India Company|East India Company's]] service at [[Madras]] in 1796. He was promoted to the offices of assistant-under secretary, deputy-secretary, and secretary to the board of revenue in 1798, 1801, and 1802 respectively. In 1806 he was appointed judge of the [[Zillah (country subdivision)|zillah]] of [[Machilipatnam]], in 1809 collector of land customs in the Madras presidency, and in 1810 collector of Madras. He died at [[Ramnad]] of [[cholera]]&lt;ref&gt;The Dictionary of National Biography mentions Cholera as the cause of his death. But Trautmann writes he died of accidental self-poisoning.({{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=76}}). An obituary published in the [[London]] [[Literary Gazette]] and Journal in 1820 says &quot;a fatal accident terminated his life&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; on 10 March 1819.<br /> <br /> ==Dravidian language hypothesis==<br /> Ellis is the first scholar who classified the [[Dravidian languages]] as a separate [[language family]].&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann3&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| pp=75–76}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;burnell&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Burnell|first=Arthur Coke |title=Elements of South-Indian Palabography |year=2008 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-0-554-90622-5|pages=35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YREQMsPQkwC&amp;pg=PA35 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[Robert Caldwell]], who is often credited as the first scholar to propose a separate language family for South Indian languages, acknowledges Ellis's contribution in his preface to the first edition of ''A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian Family of Languages'':&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann2&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;The first to break ground in the field was Mr. Ellis, a Madras civilian, whose was profoundly versed in the Tamil language and literature, and who interesting but very brief comparison, not of the grammatical forms, but only of some of the vocables of three Dravidian dialects, is contained in his introduction to ''Campbell's [[Telugu language|Telugu]] Grammar''.&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> Ellis first published his notion about the South Indian languages forming a separate language family in a &quot;Note to Introduction&quot; for his protege Alexandar Duncan Campbell's ''Telugu Grammar'' in 1816.&lt;ref name=&quot;blackburn&quot;/&gt; The event which set forth in motion the writing of the &quot;Dravidian Proof&quot; was the report of the Committee of Examination of Junior Civil Servants issued in 1811. The committee, chaired by Ellis, wanted the civil service officers to learn the basic structure of the South Indian languages, so that they can function effectively wherever they were stationed in South India. It noted that the common features of five South Indian &quot;dialects&quot; - High Tamil, Low Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada and recommended the teaching of Tamil as a representative of all five. The College of Fort St. George and its press (see below), were given the task of creating grammars and other text books for the language training. As a part of this effort, Campbell, then the secretary to the Board of Superintendents of the college, prepared a work of Telugu grammar in 1816. Two years before, another work of Telugu grammar had been published by [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] (an [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] missionary from [[Calcutta]]) at the [[Serampore]] press, in which he described Sanskrit as the source of all South Indian languages. In his grammar, Campbell set out to disprove Carey and other Calcutta orientalists like [[Charles Wilkins]] and [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]] (proponents of the &quot;all Indian languages are derived from Sanskrit&quot; school of thought). Ellis wrote a note to introduction for Campbell's book in which he offered his &quot;Dravidian Proof&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann7&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| pp=151–170}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===The Dravidian Proof===<br /> Ellis' Dravidian Proof is a step by step attempt to establish the non-Sanskritic origins of Telugu. Ellis first compared the [[Root (linguistics)|roots]] of Sanskrit and Telugu. Parallel columns of the roots were presented to show the difference between the two languages. For Sanskrit, the roots were taken from ''[[Dhatupatha#Dhatupatha|Dhatupatha]]'' and for Telugu, they were taken from a list compiled by Pattabhirama Shastri. In the second step, Ellis used a more complex comparative table of Tamil, Telugu and Kannada roots to show that the languages shared [[Cognate]] roots. In the third and final step Ellis used a comparative table of words made from the roots of the three languages to show their relationship as well. Ellis made use of Telugu scholar Mamadi Venkayya's ''Andhradipaka'' as a source for different types of Telugu words. As a conclusion, Ellis disproved the prevailing theory that though roots and words might be common to South Indian languages, the difference in their idioms was great. He accomplished this by translating the same passages from Sanskrit and English into Tamil, Telugu and Kannada and analysing the sentence structures of the translations.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Other literary contributions==<br /> <br /> ===St. George College and its press===<br /> While stationed at Madras, Ellis became interested in the history and languages of India. He was a member of the Member of the Madras Literary Society&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann4&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| pp=80–81}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the founder of the college of [[Fort St. George (India)|Fort St. George]] at Madras - an institution which had both British and Indian members.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann1&quot;/&gt; Pattabiram Shasthri, Muthusami Pillai, Udayagiri Venkatanarayanayya, Chidambara Vaathiyaar and Syed Abdul Khadar were among Indian scholars who worked in the college. The college was founded in 1812 and the next year Ellis also helped set up the College Press by supplying it with a printing press and Tamil types. Telugu types, printing ink and labour for the venture was supplied by the Superintendent of Government Press at [[Egmore]]. The Madras Government supplied the paper. Ellis purchased English types and printing ink for the Press cheaply. The press commenced publishing in 1813 - its first work was [[Constanzo Beschi]]'s (Veeramamunivar) Tamil grammar ''Kodum Tamil''. Before Ellis's death in 1819, the press published a Tamil grammar primer ''Ilakkana surukkam'', a Tamil translation of ''[[Ramayana#Uttara Kanda|Uttara Kandam]]'' of ''[[Ramayana]]'' (both by Chitthambala Desikar), Ellis' own translation and commentary of [[Thirukkural]] and five Telugu works - Campbell's grammar (with Ellis' Dravidian Proof), tales of Vikkirama, a translation of ''[[Panchatantra]]'' and two more grammars. The press continued publishing books into the 1830s including works in Kannada, [[Malayalam]] and [[Arabic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;blackburn&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Works of Ellis===<br /> Ellis and his friends [[William Erskine (historian)|William Erskine]] and [[John Leyden]] were oriental scholars interested in learning about the various aspects of Indian life and publishing works on Indian languages. Ellis was a capable administrator and had a good relationship with Indians.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The London literary gazette and journal of belles lettres, arts, sciences, etc|year=1820|publisher=The London Literary Gazette|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JSQAAAAAYAAJ/page/n17 12]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JSQAAAAAYAAJ|quote=francis whyte ellis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; He even adopted their customs and way of dressing. Among Ellis contributions to oriental scholarship are his works on South Indian property ownership, Hindu law, a &quot;fake&quot; [[French language|French]] [[Veda]] and his commentary on [[Thirukkural]].&lt;ref name=&quot;blackburn&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Stuart|title=Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India |year=2006|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-149-4|pages=92–95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-BxrNKdwPMC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis&amp;pg=PA92}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1814, Ellis wrote an account of the ''Mirasi'' land proprietary system of South India with the help of his ''Sheristadar'' (chief of staff), the Indian scholar Shankarayya.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann5_1&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=98}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Irschick|first=Eugune. F|title=Dialogue and history: constructing South India, 1795–1895|year=1994|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-08405-6|pages=101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwEOfHfUFTkC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis&amp;pg=PA101}}&lt;/ref&gt; As his reputation for oriental scholarship grew, he was requested by Alexander Johnston to research the origins of a French work titled ''Ezour Vedam'', which was claimed as a translation of a Sanskrit work and a [[Veda]]. Ellis proved that the &quot;Vedam&quot; was not a translation but an original work of the [[Jesuit]] priest [[Roberto de Nobili]], written in 1621 for converting Hindus to Christianity. His monograph on the ''Ezour Vedam'' was published posthumously in the ''Asiatic Journal'' in 1822.&lt;ref name=&quot;ezour&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Rocher|first=Ludo |title=Ezourvedam: a French Veda of the eighteenth century |year=1984|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-915027-06-4|pages=18–20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fM9VuzTwBesC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis&amp;pg=PA20}}&lt;/ref&gt; He delivered a series of lectures on Hindu law at the Madras Literary Society, which were published after his death. Ellis had a high regard for Tamil poet-saint [[Tiruvalluvar]] and his ''Thirukkural''.&lt;ref&gt;A stone inscription found on the walls of a well at the Periya palayathamman temple at [[Royapettah|Royapettai]] indicates Ellis' regard for Thiruvalluvar. It is one of the 27 wells dug on the orders of Ellis in 1818, when Madras suffered a severe drinking water shortage. In the long inscription Ellis praises Thiruvalluvar and uses a couplet from Thirukkural to explain his actions during the drought. When he was in charge of the Madras treasury and mint, he also issued a gold coin bearing Thiruvalluvar's image. The Tamil inscription on his grave makes note of his commentary of Thirukkural.{{cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|author-link=Iravatham Mahadevan|url=http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=539|work=Varalaaru.com|access-date=25 June 2010|language=Tamil|title=The Golden coin depicting Thiruvalluvar -2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The original inscription in Tamil written in the ''Asiriyapa'' meter and first person perspective: (The Kural he quotes is in Italics) &lt;br/&gt; சயங்கொண்ட தொண்டிய சாணுறு நாடெனும்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ஆழியில் இழைத்த வழகுறு மாமணி&lt;br/&gt;<br /> குணகடன் முதலாக குட கடலளவு&lt;br/&gt;<br /> நெடுநிலம் தாழ நிமிர்ந்திடு சென்னப்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> பட்டணத்து எல்லீசன் என்பவன் யானே&lt;br/&gt;<br /> பண்டாரகாரிய பாரம் சுமக்கையில்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> புலவர்கள் பெருமான் மயிலையம் பதியான்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> தெய்வப் புலமைத் திருவள்ளுவனார்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> திருக்குறள் தன்னில் திருவுளம் பற்றிய்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''இருபுனலும் வாய்த்த மலையும் வருபுனலும்''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ''வல்லரணும் நாட்டிற் குறுப்பு''&lt;br/&gt;<br /> என்பதின் பொருளை என்னுள் ஆய்ந்து&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ஸ்வஸ்திஸ்ரீ சாலிவாகன சகாப்த வரு&lt;br/&gt;<br /> ..றாச் செல்லா நின்ற&lt;br/&gt;<br /> இங்கிலிசு வரு 1818ம் ஆண்டில்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> பிரபவாதி வருக்கு மேற் செல்லா நின்ற&lt;br/&gt;<br /> பஹுதான்ய வரு த்தில் வார திதி&lt;br/&gt;<br /> நக்ஷத்திர யோக கரணம் பார்த்து&lt;br/&gt;<br /> சுப திநத்தி லிதனோ டிருபத்தேழு&lt;br/&gt;<br /> துரவு கண்டு புண்ணியாஹவாசநம்&lt;br/&gt;<br /> பண்ணுவித்தேன்<br /> <br /> &lt;/ref&gt; He translated 18 chapters of the ''Aratthupaal'' (one division of Thirukkural dealing with law and virtue) into English in a non-metrical verse. 13 of those chapters were published by the college press during Ellis' lifetime.&lt;ref name=&quot;blackburn&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature|year=1992|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-09365-2|pages=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis+thirukkural&amp;pg=PA3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ellis was also the first scholar to decipher and explain the first century CE &quot;Cochin Grants&quot; given to the [[Anjuvannam]] [[Cochin Jews|Jewish community]] in [[Cochin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;burnell&quot;/&gt; In addition to the &quot;Dravidian Proof&quot;, Ellis wrote three dissertations - on Tamil,&lt;ref name=&quot;burnell&quot;/&gt; Telugu, and Malayalam.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann8&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=156}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It has been suggested that Ellis worked with others to promote vaccinations to prevent smallpox. In order to reduce resistance from Indians, he is thought to have helped craft a Sanskrit verse that was then claimed to have been discovered and described, showing that the European form of vaccination was in fact just a modification of something known in ancient India. The publication of the letter first inserted into the ''Madras Courier'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=12 January 1819 |title=[To the editor of the Madras Courier] |newspaper=Madras Courier |url=https://archive.org/details/MadrasCourier1819/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt; in 1819 under the pseudonym &quot;Calvi Virumbom&quot; was widely propagated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Wujastyk, Dominik |title=Studies on Indian medical history |publisher=Egbert Forsten |year=1987 |editor1=G J Meulenbeld |place=Groningen |pages=131–167 |chapter=A pious fraud: the Indian claims for pre-Jennerian smallpox vaccination. |editor2=D Wujastyk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ring |first=John |date=1805 |title=Mr. Shoolbred, on Vaccine Inoculation in Bengal |journal=The Medical and Physical Journal |volume=13 |issue=74 |pages=336–347 |issn=0267-0100 |pmc=5670459 |pmid=30490820}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> When Ellis died in Ramnad, he left some of his papers — philological and political — to Sir [[Walter Elliot (ICS)|Walter Elliot]], on whose death they passed to [[G. U. Pope]], who had them placed in the [[Bodleian Library]] at Oxford. According to Sir Walter, many of Ellis' unpublished works were lost when they were burned by the cook of the [[Madurai]] collector Rous Petrie.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann4&quot;/&gt; Ellis did not publish them earlier because he wanted to do so only after becoming a &quot;ripened scholar at forty years&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;trautmann5_2&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Trautmann|2006| p=77}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Asiatic journal and monthly register for British and foreign India, China, and Australia Vol 26|year=1828|publisher=Parbury, Allen, and Co|pages=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iYYAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=francis+whyte+ellis&amp;pg=PA155}}&lt;/ref&gt; As an administrator, Ellis was well liked by his Indian subjects.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit&quot;/&gt; His grave at [[Dindigal]] bears two inscriptions - one in English and the other in Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|author-link=Iravatham Mahadevan|url=http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=539|work=Varalaaru.com|access-date=25 June 2010|language=Tamil|title=The Golden coin depicting Thiruvalluvar -2}}&lt;/ref&gt; The English inscription reads:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;Uniting activity of mind with versatility of genius, he displayed the same ardour and happy sufficiency on whatever his varied talents were employed. Conversant with the Hindoo languages and Literature of the Peninsula, he was loved and esteemed by the Natives of India, with whom he associated intimately.&lt;ref name=&quot;burnell&quot;/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Dalit]] activist [[Iyothee Thass]] has credited Ellis as being the forerunner of Tamil revivalism in the 19th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Venkatachalapathy|first=A. R|title=A Scholar called Ellis|url=http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-89/varalaru.asp|work=Kalachuvadu Magazine|access-date=25 June 2010|author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy|language=Tamil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308003806/http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-89/varalaru.asp|archive-date=8 March 2010|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of translators into English]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> *[[:wikisource:Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 17.djvu/282|National Biography]]<br /> *{{cite book|last=Trautmann|first=Thomas. R.|author-link=Thomas Trautmann|title=Languages and nations: the Dravidian proof in colonial Madras|year=2006|publisher=Yoda Press|isbn=978-81-903634-0-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dtg05fd_XEC}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> *Sreekumar, P. 2009. ''Francis Whyte Ellis and the Beginning of Comparative Dravidian Linguistics''. Source: Historiographia Linguistica, Volume 36, Number 1, 2009, pp.&amp;nbsp;75–95(21) [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jbp/hl/2009/00000036/00000001/art00004?crawler=true] Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2614/stories/20090717261408000.htm Thomas Trautmann's interview published in Frontline]<br /> <br /> {{Tirukkural}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ellis, Francis Whyte}}<br /> [[Category:British East India Company civil servants]]<br /> [[Category:1819 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:1777 births]]<br /> [[Category:Linguists of Tamil]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil–English translators]]<br /> [[Category:Translators of the Tirukkural into English]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century British translators]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from British India]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Madras Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:British Sanskrit scholars]]<br /> [[Category:Civil servants from British India]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetulia_Upazila&diff=460049 2026-03-22T08:05:42Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | official_name = Tetulia<br /> | native_name = তেতুলিয়া<br /> | settlement_type = [[Upazilas of Bangladesh|Upazila]]<br /> | image_skyline = Kanchenjunga view from Bangladesh.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Tea garden in Tetulia, with Kangchenjunga at the background<br /> | image_map = Tetulia in Rangpur division (Bangladesh).svg<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26|{{#expr:.4833*60 round 1}}|N|88|{{#expr:.3500*60 round 1}}|E|type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = &lt;!-- Capital --&gt;<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Rangpur Division|Rangpur]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = <br /> | leader_title = <br /> | leader_name = <br /> | leader_title1 = <br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 189.12<br /> | area_metro_km2 = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | elevation_ft = <br /> | population_total = 160180<br /> | population_as_of = [[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]<br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=403}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal code]]<br /> | postal_code = 5030&lt;ref name=&quot;postalcode&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://bdpost.portal.gov.bd/site/page/c8177536-dc8d-427b-930c-2d6983d066b8 |title=Bangladesh Postal Code |date=21 October 2024 |publisher=Bangladesh Postal Department under the Department of Posts and Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |location=[[Dhaka]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | area_code = 0568&lt;ref name=&quot;areacode&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.chahaoba.com/Bangladesh |title=Bangladesh Area Code |date=18 October 2024 |publisher=Chahaoba |location=[[China]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]<br /> | utc_offset = +6<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Tentulia Upazila mauza geocode map - Small Area Atlas Panchagarh.svg|thumb|Tetulia Upazila mauza geocode map]]<br /> '''Tetulia''' ({{langx|bn|তেতুলিয়া}}), historically spelt as '''Tentulia''', is the northernmost region of [[Bangladesh]], constituting an [[upazila]] in [[Panchagarh District]] of [[Rangpur Division]].&lt;ref name=Banglapedia&gt;{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Tentulia Upazila}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tetulia is geographically the northernmost tip of Bangladesh. Tetulia is notable for its [[Tea production in Bangladesh|tea]]. Tetulia is also notable for views of [[Kangchenjunga]], the third highest mountain in the world, from its plains, rivers and tea gardens.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Have a glimpse of Kangchenjunga from Panchagarh! |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/feature/explorer/have-glimpse-kangchenjunga-panchagarh-151876 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[The Business Standard]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |website=bdnews24.com |last=Ove |first=Asif Mahmud |title=Magnificent Kanchenjunga is visible from Tetulia |url=https://bdnews24.com/lifestyle/magnificent-kanchenjunga-is-visible-from-tetulia |date=19 November 2021 |access-date=27 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=See the mighty Kanchenjunga from Bangladesh |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/features/explorer/see-mighty-kanchenjunga-bangladesh-529646 |access-date=<br /> 27 August 2024 |website=[[The Business Standard]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rubaiyat |first=Md Quamrul Islam |last2=Shabuj |first2=Mostafa |date=12 November 2022 |title=Calls of the Kanchenjunga |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/weekend-read/news/calls-the-kanchenjunga-3166961 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> ''Tentula'' is the Bengali word for tamarind.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Tetulia Upazila (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;2022census&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#Fcd116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Percent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]]|green|97.62}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]]|darkorange|2.19}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.19}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the [[2022 Bangladeshi census]], Tetulia Upazila had 36,471 households and a population of 160,180. 11.30% of the population were under 5 years of age. Tetulia had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 71.78%: 74.40% for males and 69.09% for females, and a sex ratio of 102.63 males for every 100 females. 19,809 (12.37%) lived in urban areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;2022census&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://203.112.218.101/storage/files/1/Publications/PHC_2021/Rangpur%20Division/District%20Report%20Panchagarh%20Full.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Panchagarh |date=June 2024 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-984-475-252-8 |series= District Series |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the [[2011 Bangladesh census|2011 Census of Bangladesh]], Tetulia Upazila had 27,908 households and a population of 125,454. 30,869 (24.61%) were under 10 years of age. Tetulia had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 47.32%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. 5,506 (4.39%) lived in urban areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Panchagarh |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Panchagarh.pdf |website= |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195921/http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Panchagarh.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;community&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Community Tables: Panchagarh district |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCen2011/COMMUNITY_Panchagarh.pdf |website= |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of the [[1991 Bangladesh census]], Tetulia has a population of 86760. Males constitute 51.52% of the population, and females 48.48%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 42021. Tetulia has an average literacy rate of 25.5% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;&gt;{{cite web | accessdate = November 10, 2006 | url = http://www.bangladeshgov.org/mop/ndb/arpc91_v1/tables04.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050327072826/http://www.bangladeshgov.org/mop/ndb/arpc91_v1/tables04.htm | archivedate = 27 March 2005 | title = Population Census Wing, BBS. | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> [[File:Mahananda from Tetulia.jpg|thumb|Mahananda River]]<br /> [[File:Kangchenjunga from Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|Himalayan views, especially of Kanchenjunga, attract many tourists to Tetulia]]<br /> The cultivation of tea, orange and pineapple is abundant in Tetulia. It is located on the Indian border with [[Darjeeling]]. A group name Kazi &amp; Kazi has already introduced tea planting. Tea gardens have been established on plain land. Stone business is also flourishing here.<br /> <br /> ==Points of interest==<br /> *Kazi &amp; Kazi Tea Estate, Rowshanpur<br /> *Banglabandha Land port<br /> *Sharial Tea Garden<br /> *Asian Highway<br /> *Tetultola, Tetulia Chourasta<br /> *Tetulia Gate<br /> <br /> ==Administration==<br /> '''[[Upazila Nirbahi Officer|UNO]]''': AFROZ SHAHIN KHOSRU.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tetulia UNO |url=https://tetulia.panchagarh.gov.bd/bn/site/officer_list/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tetulia Upazila is divided into seven [[union parishad]]s: Banglabandha, Bhajanpur, Buraburi, Devnagar, [[Shalbahan Union|Shalbahan]], Tetulia, and Tirnaihat. The union parishads are subdivided into 36 mauzas and 246 villages.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The post code of Tetulia is 5030.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Tetulia is connected by roads. Nearby airport is &quot;[[Saidpur Airport]]&quot;, which is 130&amp;nbsp;km far from the town. Several bus companies (especially [[Hanif Enterprise]], Shyamoli Paribahan and Burimari Express) operate their services from Dhaka. [[Teknaf]] and Tetulia are the two farthest points in the country, with about 1,004 kilometers between them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shahnewaz |first=Sadi Mohammad |date=16 February 2018 |title=From Teknaf to Tetulia |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/nation-builders-tomorrow/teknaf-tetulia-1535236 |access-date=25 June 2024 |website=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Assam 1891.jpg|Titalia, 1891 map of Assam<br /> File:BAYLEY(1838) Map of the Country between Titaleea and Dorjeling.jpg|1838 map of country between Titaleea and Darjeeling<br /> File:1776 Rennell - Dury Wall Map of Bihar and Bengal, India - Geographicus - BaharBengal-dury-1776.jpg|Titulya, on a 1776 map by [[James Rennell]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Upazilas of Bangladesh]]<br /> * [[Districts of Bangladesh]]<br /> * [[Divisions of Bangladesh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Panchagarh District}}<br /> {{Upazilas of Rangpur Division}}<br /> [[Category:Upazilas]]<br /> [[Category:Upazilas of Panchagarh District]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Rangpur-geo-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sreejith_Ramanan&diff=455003 2026-03-13T11:13:28Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: minor cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1977)}}<br /> {{Promotional|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Dr.Sreejith Ramanan<br /> | image = Sreejith Ramanan.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = From a public talk<br /> | birth_name = Sreejith Ramanan<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age text|9 November 1977}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of Calicut School of Drama and Fine Arts]], [[Sarojini Naidu School of Arts &amp; Communication]]-[[University of Hydrabad]], [[Mahathma Gandhi University]] -[[school of Letters]], [[Intercultural Theatre Institute]], Singapore<br /> | occupation = {{flatlist|<br /> *Theatre director<br /> *Actor<br /> *Theatre maker<br /> *Theatre actor trainer<br /> *Theatre researcher<br /> *Stage, sound &amp; Light designer}}<br /> | years_active = 1997–present<br /> | title = [[Master of Philosophy in Theatre]]<br /> | spouse = Anitha Sreejith<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | awards = Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademy Award for Best Actor, Government of India scholarship for young artist, G. Sankara Pillai award for 1st rank in school of drama<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sreejith Ramanan''' is an Indian contemporary theatre director, actor,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-27 |title=Japanese director stages Indian epic - On Stage {{!}} The Star Online |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Entertainment/Arts/On-Stage/2015/01/27/Japanese-director-stages-Indian-epic/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204161817/http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Entertainment/Arts/On-Stage/2015/01/27/Japanese-director-stages-Indian-epic/ |archive-date=2015-02-04 |access-date= |website=www.thestar.com.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; theatre maker, researcher&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpracsis.org/conference_space_spatiality.php|title=Cpracsis - Center for performance research and cultural studies in South Asia|website=www.cpracsis.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; and theatre-trainer&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Call-for-shift-to-actor-centric-theatre/article15612542.ece|title=Call for shift to actor-centric theatre|newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 December 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; who has been described by the media as &quot;a versatile Indian contemporary theatre actor&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Over the course of his wide-ranging career, he has also worked as a choreographer, stage designer, theatre technical director,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=International Theatre Festival of Kerala |url=http://theatrefestivalkerala.com/whois.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206100933/http://theatrefestivalkerala.com/whois.php |archive-date=2015-02-06 |access-date= |website=theatrefestivalkerala.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://theatrefestivalkerala.com/whois.php |title=&quot;Kerala International Theatre Festival&quot; |access-date=6 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206100933/http://theatrefestivalkerala.com/whois.php |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sound and Lighting designer. He is best known for his collaborations with cross-cultural theatrical adventures with notable numerous artists, theatre directors, including Hiroshi Koike,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Laurie Anderson, Hiroshi Koike &amp; Hiroshi Sugimoto: Remembrance of Things Real &amp; Imagined |url=http://www.japansociety.org/webcast/laurie-anderson-hiroshi-koike-hiroshi-sugimoto-remembrance-of-things-real-imagined |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020030251/http://www.japansociety.org/webcast/laurie-anderson-hiroshi-koike-hiroshi-sugimoto-remembrance-of-things-real-imagined |archive-date=2011-10-20 |access-date= |website=www.japansociety.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr Phillip B Zarrilli,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://phillipzarrilli.com/|title=Phillip Zarrilli|website=Phillip Zarrilli}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uichiro Fueda,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3QfEJJ2zQQC&amp;dq=Fueda+uichiro&amp;pg=PA59|title=The Theatre of Suzuki Tadashi|first1=Ian|last1=Carruthers|first2=Yasunari|last2=Takahashi|date=29 July 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59024-2 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]], S.Ramanujam,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=S. Ramanujam |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/sna-awards2008/s-ramanujam.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530024801/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/sna-awards2008/s-ramanujam.htm |archive-date=2014-05-30 |access-date= |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abhilash Pillai, Leela Alaniz, Kok Heng Leun&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Kok Heng Leun {{!}} Parliament Of Singapore |url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/mp/kok-heng-leun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413074339/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/mp/kok-heng-leun |archive-date=2016-04-13 |access-date= |website=www.parliament.gov.sg}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Terence Crawford (actor)|Terence Crawford]]<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Bachelor of Theatre Arts with 1st RANK (Acting) from School of Drama(2001), University of Calicut Kerala,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Dr.John Matthai Centre |url=http://www.jmctsr.org/?p=drama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723003829/http://www.jmctsr.org/?p=drama |archive-date=2012-07-23 |access-date= |url-status=usurped|website=www.jmctsr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Master of Performing Arts (Theatre Arts) with 1st Class from the University of Hyderabad in 2003,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Sarojini Naidu School of Arts &amp; Communication |url=http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/academics/2011-10-27-18-38-04/sarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206023459/http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/academics/2011-10-27-18-38-04/sarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication |archive-date=2012-02-06 |access-date= |website=www.uohyd.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Master of Philosophy in Theatre from Mahatma Gandhi University-School of Letters, Kerala and he has successfully completed higher education at [[Intercultural Theatre Institute|Intercultural theatre institute]] formerly known as TTRP, Theatre Training &amp; Research Programme in Singapore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.emilyhill.org/aboutus/peopleatemilyhill.php |title=&quot;People at Emily Hill&quot; |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205101331/http://www.emilyhill.org/aboutus/peopleatemilyhill.php |archive-date=5 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Theatre Productions==<br /> More than 80 productions in [[India]], [[Japan]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year!! Production!! Role!! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || Mahabharata Pan-Asian&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=小池博史ブリッジプロジェクト「マハーバーラタ」公式サイト ｜ TOP |url=http://kikh.com/mahabharata/chapter1/top.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409152637/http://kikh.com/mahabharata/chapter1/top.html |archive-date=2016-04-09 |access-date= |website=kikh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| Actor/Collaborator || Multi-lingual || Performances in various cities in India and South-east Asia<br /> |-<br /> | 2016|| [[Misty Mountains of Mahabharatha]] || Director/Conception || Malayalam || For the Calicut University School of Drama and Fine Arts, performed at the open air stage of School of Drama campus, Thrissur, Kerala, South India<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> <br /> *2003: Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Academy award for Best Actor for Chayamukhi directed by Prasant Narayanan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Prasanth Narayanan - Home |url=http://www.prasanthnarayanan.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210143645/http://www.prasanthnarayanan.com/ |archive-date=2015-02-10 |access-date= |website=www.prasanthnarayanan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *2002-2004: Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Culture's Scholarship For Young Artist<br /> *2001: [[G. Sankara Pillai]] Endowment Award for securing 1st Rank in School of Drama, Kerala&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=G. Sankara Pillai - Biography |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Profiles/GSANKARAPILLAI/Html/GSPillaigraphy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210143618/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Profiles/GSANKARAPILLAI/Html/GSPillaigraphy.htm |archive-date=2015-02-10 |access-date= |website=www.keralasahityaakademi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Films==<br /> <br /> ''Yakusha Co. Ltd'' is a movie spanning cultural boundaries of Asia both in the range of collaborators and depiction of thematic. A Zero budget production, ‘Yakusha Co. Ltd’ uses tradition of South East Asia in its cultural narrative. In this production, actors from Japanese instrumental acting background and the modern camera eyes from the Singapore blended with the director Sreejith Ramanan and narrative from younger generation of Indian dramatic and literary heritage. The narrative forms a cultural landscape through the layers of performing arts and the ethos of artistic mindset. The film was premiered at the inaugural Asian Intercultural Conference&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Asian Intercultural Conference 2008 |url=http://iti.edu.sg/research/asian-intercultural-conference-2008/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204173515/http://iti.edu.sg/research/asian-intercultural-conference-2008/ |archive-date=2015-02-04 |access-date= |website=iti.edu.sg}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2008) organized by Theatre training and research programme in collaboration with the National University of Singapore, Theatre studies programme in Singapore. It was selected to Swaralaya International film festival and Sreejith Ramanan has won the Award for Best Director, citation presented by the fifth Swaralaya International Film Festival, Kerala in 2008<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Dramaturgy]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Entertainment/Arts/On-Stage/2015/01/27/Japanese-director-stages-Indian-epic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204161817/http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Entertainment/Arts/On-Stage/2015/01/27/Japanese-director-stages-Indian-epic/ |archive-date=2015-02-04 |title=Japanese director stages Indian Epic}}<br /> *{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-from-kurukshetra-to-tokyo-an-epic-tale-2051502|title=From Kurukshetra to Tokyo: An epic tale|website=DNA India}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150203222032/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Hiroshi-Koike-Bridge-Project/2014/12/25/article2587054.ece &quot;Hiroshi Koike Bridge Project&quot;]<br /> *{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/All-the-world-is-a-stage-for-lsquoNatakamrsquo/article16566355.ece|title=All the world is a stage for 'Natakam'|newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 July 2009|via=www.thehindu.com}}<br /> *{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/15-plays-vie-for-top-honours/article3575160.ece|title=15 plays vie for top honours|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 June 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}<br /> *{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/tribute-to-doyen-of-theatre/article6223067.ece|title=Tribute to doyen of theatre|newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 July 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}<br /> *{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasadiya.com/nsdbrm12/playindex.html|title=BHARAT RANG MAHOTSAV, NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA THEATRE FESTIVAL|website=www.nasadiya.com}}<br /> *{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5001582/|title=Sreejith Ramanan &amp;#124; Actor|website=IMDb}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150205113636/http://www.strandbooks.com/film-drama/psychophysical-acting-an-intercultural-approach-after-stanislavski &quot;Zarrilli's Intercultural approach after Stanislavskian acting systems&quot;]<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150204161624/http://iti.edu.sg/alumni/class-of-2008/ &quot;Alumni of Intercultural Theatre Institute 2008&quot;]<br /> *[http://www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../12/12_chapter6.pdf &quot;Estaphanos 1800 BC One act play&quot;]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br /> *[http://inkpot.com/theatre/First%20ImpressionsArchive2008.html &quot;First Impression by Kenneth Kwok&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111704/http://inkpot.com/theatre/First%20ImpressionsArchive2008.html |date=4 March 2016 }}<br /> *{{Cite web|url=https://pasdedieux.com/fr/portfolio/divine-wind-and-tears-lost-in-the-rain/|title=Divine Wind and Tears Lost in the Rain-o – Pas de Dieux}}<br /> *{{Cite web |url=http://www.asianage.com/arts/japanese-take-indian-epic-021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206084519/http://www.asianage.com/arts/japanese-take-indian-epic-021 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |title=Take on Indian Epic}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cite web | title=2030世界漂流 | website=Hiroshi Koike Bridge Project – Hiroshi Koike, who is a native of Japan, founded the 'Hiroshi KOIKE Bridge Project(HKBP)' in June 2012.We aim to create the 'Bridge' between the boundary of Culture, Time, and Countries as an Art project, which takes place in Japan and Asia. | url=http://kikh.com/mahabharata/ | language=ja | access-date=2024-09-06}}<br /> *https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023041/http://iti.edu.sg/past-events/the-divine-wind-and-tears-lost-in-the-rain-a-play-devised-by-cast-and-director/<br /> *https://web.archive.org/web/20150203213843/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/events2005-06/2005-06rangpratibha3.htm<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanan, Sreejith}}<br /> [[Category:Indian theatre directors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male stage actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Kollam]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Malayalam theatre]]<br /> [[Category:Dramaturges]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1977 births]]<br /> [[Category:Theatre practitioners]]<br /> [[Category:Acting theorists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama teachers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises&diff=474432 2026-03-04T07:11:15Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}<br /> {{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<br /> | seal = Government of India logo.svg<br /> | seal_width = 100px<br /> | seal_caption = Branch of Government of India<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]<br /> | headquarters = Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises&lt;br /&gt;Udyog Bhawan&lt;br /&gt;Rafi Marg&lt;br /&gt;[[New Delhi]], 110011<br /> | minister1_name = [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]<br /> | minister1_pfo = Cabinet Minister<br /> | minister2_name = [[Shobha Karandlaje]]<br /> | minister2_pfo = Minister of State<br /> | website = {{URL|http://msme.gov.in}}<br /> | logo = MSME logo (colour).svg<br /> | logo_size = 200px<br /> | logo_caption = Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | formed = <br /> | employees = <br /> | budget = {{INRConvert|22138|c}} &lt;small&gt;(2023–24 est.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |title=Budget data |date=2019 |website=indiabudget.gov.in |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304170727/http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | chief1_name = <br /> | chief1_position = <br /> | chief2_name = <br /> | chief2_position = <br /> | chief3_name = <br /> | chief3_position = <br /> | chief4_name = <br /> | chief4_position = <br /> | chief5_name = <br /> | chief5_position = <br /> | chief6_name = <br /> | chief6_position = <br /> | chief7_name = <br /> | chief7_position = <br /> | chief8_name = <br /> | chief8_position = <br /> | chief9_name = <br /> | chief9_position = <br /> | parent_department = <br /> | native_name = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises''' is the [[Ministry (government department)|ministry]] in the [[Government of India]]. It is the apex executive body for the formulation and administration of rules, regulations and laws relating to [[Small and medium enterprises|micro, small and medium enterprises]] in [[India]]. The [[Union Council of Ministers|Minister]] of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises is [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]].<br /> <br /> The statistics provided by the annual reports of the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) shows a rise in the plan amount spent on the [[khadi]] sector from ₹1942.7 million to ₹14540 million, and non-plan amounts from ₹437 million to ₹2291 million, in the period from 1994–95 to 2014–15. The interest subsidies to khadi institutions increased from ₹96.3 million to ₹314.5 million in this period.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries was created in October 1999. In September 2001, the ministry was split into the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and the Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries. The [[President of India]] amended the [[Government of India]] (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961, under the notification dated 9 May 2007. Pursuant to this amendment, they were merged into a single ministry.<br /> <br /> The ministry was tasked with the promotion of [[Microbusiness|micro]] and [[Small business|small enterprises]]. The Small Industries Development Organisation was under the control of the ministry, as was the [[National Small Industries Corporation|National Small Industries Corporation Limited]] [[public sector undertaking]]).<br /> <br /> The Small Industries Development Organisation was established in 1954. It has over 60 offices and 21 autonomous bodies under its management. These autonomous bodies include Tool Rooms, Training Institutions and Project-cum-Process Development Centres.<br /> <br /> Services provided include:<br /> *Facilities for testing, toolmenting, training for entrepreneurship development<br /> *Preparation of project and product profiles<br /> *Technical and managerial consultancy<br /> *Assistance for exports<br /> *Pollution and energy audits<br /> <br /> It also provides economic information services and advises Government in policy formulation for the promotion and development of SSIs. The field offices also work as effective links between the Central and State Governments.<br /> <br /> ===Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries===<br /> The now-defunct Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries had the objectives of facilitating coordinated and focused policy formulation and effective implementation of programmes, projects, schemes, etc., for improving supply chain management, enhancing skills, upgrading technology, expanding markets and capacity building of entrepreneurs/artisans and their groups/collectives.<br /> <br /> The Ministry deals with the khadi, village and [[coir]] industries through the [[Khadi and Village Industries Commission]] (KVIC) and the [[Coir Board]]. It coordinates implementation of two countrywide employment generation programmes, namely, the [[National Rural Employment Generation Scheme|Rural Employment Generation Programme]] (REGP) and the Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) with the cooperation of State Governments, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) and other banks. The KVIC, established by an [[Act of Parliament#India|Act of Parliament]], is a statutory organisation engaged in promotion and development of khadi and village industries for providing employment opportunities in the rural areas, thereby strengthening the rural economy. The coir industry is a labour-intensive and export-oriented industry. It uses a by-product of coconut, namely, coir husk. The Coir Board, a statutory body established under the Coir Industry Act 1953, looks after the promotion, growth and development of the coir industry, including export promotion and expansion of the domestic market.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ari.nic.in/abt_us.htm &quot;MINISTRY OF AGRO AND RURAL INDUSTRIES&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117063441/http://ari.nic.in/abt_us.htm |date=17 January 2015 }}. Retrieved on May 1, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It was headed by the Minister of Agro &amp; [[Rural industry in India|Rural Industries]] and was based at Udyog Bhavan, Rafi Marg, [[New Delhi]]. Shri Mahabir Prasad was the last incumbent.<br /> <br /> ====Related organisations====<br /> * MSME-Technology Centre Baddi Solan<br /> * Central Tool Room, Ludhiana&lt;ref name=&quot;CTRLudhiana&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Central Tool Room, Ludhiana, Ministry of MSME, Government of India. |url=http://www.ctrludhiana.com/ |website=www.ctrludhiana.com |access-date=2018-08-14 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Central Tool Room Extension Centre, Nilokheri]] earlier functional as [[Integrated Training Centre, Nilokheri]] <br /> * Indo Danish Tool Room, Jamshedpur<br /> * [[National Small Industries Corporation]]<br /> * [[Coir Board]]<br /> <br /> == Wings, Divisions and Sections ==<br /> <br /> === DATC/HR/CDN/OL Division ===<br /> * Data Analystics and Technical Coordination Section<br /> * Official Language Section<br /> * Human Resource Section<br /> * Coordination Section<br /> <br /> === Information Technology, Planning and Direct Benefit Transfer Division ===<br /> *Cyber Security Section<br /> *NIC Section<br /> *Digital Governance<br /> *Parliament Section<br /> <br /> === Internal Finance and Budget Wing ===<br /> <br /> === Agro Rural Industries Division ===<br /> * Coir Section<br /> * Khadi and Village Industries Sections-1 &amp; 2<br /> * PM-Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) Section<br /> <br /> === Administrative and Financial Institutions Division ===<br /> *Vigilance Section<br /> *Cash Section<br /> *General Administrative Section<br /> *Protocol Section<br /> *RTI &amp; Public Grievance Section<br /> <br /> === Small and Medium Enterprises Division ===<br /> *International Cooperation Section<br /> *Small and Medium Enterprises Section<br /> *Enterpreneurship Development Institution Section<br /> *Women Entrepreneurship Cell<br /> *Media Section<br /> <br /> == Attached Offices ==<br /> *OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMISSIONER (MSME)<br /> *KHADI VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION (KVIC)<br /> *COIR BOARD<br /> *NATIONAL SMALL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION LIMITED (NSIC)<br /> *NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (NIMSME)<br /> *MAHATMA GHANDI INSTITUE OF RURAL INDUSTRALISATION (MGIRI)<br /> <br /> == Training Institutes ==<br /> *Central Tool Room &amp; Training Centre, (CTTC), Bhubaneswar <br /> http://www.cttc.gov.in<br /> <br /> *Indo Danish Tool Room, (IDTR), Jamshedpur <br /> https://www.idtr.gov.in<br /> <br /> * Central Tool Room &amp; Training Centre, (CTTC), Kolkata <br /> http://www.msmetoolroomkolkata.com<br /> <br /> * Tool Room &amp; Training Centre (TRTC), Guwahati <br /> http://trtcguwahati.org<br /> <br /> * Indo German Tool Room, (IGTR), Aurangabad <br /> http://www.igtr-aur.org<br /> <br /> * Indo German Tool Room, (IGTR), Indore <br /> http://www.igtr-indore.com<br /> <br /> * Indo German Tool Room, (IGTR), Ahmedabad <br /> http://www.igtrahd.com<br /> <br /> * Central Institute of Hand Tools (CIHT), Jalandhar <br /> http://www.ciht.in<br /> <br /> * Central Institute of Tool Design (CITD), Hyderabad <br /> https://www.citdindia.org<br /> <br /> * Institute for Design of Electrical Measuring Instruments (IDEMI), Mumbai <br /> https://idemi.org<br /> <br /> * Electronics Service &amp; Training Centre (ESTC), Ramnagar <br /> http://www.estcindia.com<br /> <br /> * Process and Product Development Centre (PPDC), Agra <br /> http://www.ppdcagra.dcmsme.gov.in/<br /> <br /> * Fragrance &amp; Flavour Development Centre (FFDC), Kannauj <br /> http://www.ffdcindia.org<br /> <br /> * Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTI) Agra <br /> http://www.cftiagra.org.in<br /> <br /> * Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTI) Chennai <br /> http://www.cftichennai.in<br /> <br /> * Process cum Product Development Centre (PPDC), Meerut <br /> http://www.ppdcmeerut.com/contact.html<br /> <br /> * Central Tool Room (CTR), Ludhiana <br /> http://www.ctrludhiana.com<br /> <br /> * Centre For Development Of Glass industry (CDGI), Firozabad <br /> https://www.cdgiindia.net/<br /> <br /> * National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) <br /> http://www.nimsme.org<br /> <br /> ==Integrated Training Centre, Nilokheri ==<br /> '''Integrated Training Centre, Nilokheri''' was an employment and training agency in [[Nilokheri]] in [[Karnal district]] in the state of [[Haryana]] owned and managed by the [[Government of India]] and responsible for upgrading technical skills of technicians.<br /> <br /> It was built around the vocational training centre that was transferred from Kurukshetra, in July 1948 to the 1100 acres of swampy land on the Delhi-Ambala highway as one of several enterprises intended to provide employment and training for [[displaced person]]s following the [[partition of India]]<br /> This training centre was under Small Industries belonged to subhash mukherjee <br /> Development Organisation and used to provided training to extension officers (industries of State Governments as well as managers and technician entrepreneurs both in modern small scale and traditional village industries. During the Year 1986-87 the centre trained 200 technician, 85 women under core women training programme and 57 SIDO officers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMYD7Zth8qEC&amp;q=women+under+core+women+training+programme+and+57+SIDO&amp;pg=PA4|title=Entrepreneurial Development in India|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170991908|access-date=10 April 2018|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Functions===<br /> It provides technical training to artisans and workers sponsored by the state government. It also organises training of Extension Officers engaged in various developmental organisation. It provides summer training programs for Degree/Diploma Engineers.<br /> <br /> ===ITC as [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri|Central Tool Room Extension Centre, Nilokheri]]===<br /> Due to some conflict between the Principal and Vice-Principal of Integrated Training Centre was relinquished.{{Clarify|reason=What was relinquished?|date=August 2018}}<br /> Later in the year 2014 the center was taken over by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises which led to its development as Extension center for Central Tool Room, Ludhiana i.e. [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri]]. Currently running various technical short term courses.<br /> <br /> ==Centre structure and functions==<br /> The [[Indian Enterprise Development Service]] is the cadre of officers of the DoMSME. The IEDS cadre was approved to be created in 2016 through the merger of 11 existing trades of the Ministry of MSME.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-12-21 |title=Government clears creation of Indian Enterprise Development Services |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/government-clears-creation-of-indian-enterprise-development-services/articleshow/56098807.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Ministry regulates:<br /> <br /> * [[Khadi and Village Industries Commission]] <br /> * [[National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector]]<br /> * [[National Small Industries Corporation Ltd.]]<br /> * [[National School of Leadership]]<br /> * [[National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) |url=https://www.nimsme.org/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.nimsme.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * National Institute for Entrepreneurship &amp; Small Business Development<br /> * Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship &lt;ref&gt;[http://msme.gov.in/msme_admin.htm Admin] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305203141/http://msme.gov.in/msme_admin.htm |date=5 March 2010 }} Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises website.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Initiatives==<br /> ===Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme===<br /> It was launched as a central sector scheme in 2008–09 to promote self employment in the country through setting up micro enterprises. It is a credit linked subsidy scheme in which loans up to 25 lakh for manufacturing sector and up to 1000 Lakh for service sector is forwarded to the eligible beneficiaries for which subsidy of up to 35% is provided to them.&lt;ref name=society/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Khadi and Village Industries Commission]] is the implementing agency at the National level. The individuals who are above the age of 18 years and are at least 8th pass, self help groups, Societies registered under [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]], Charitable trusts are all eligible to be beneficiary. Also, only new projects are considered for sanction under the scheme.&lt;ref name=society &gt;{{cite web|url=https://msme.gov.in/11-prime-ministers-employment-generation-programme-pmegp|title=Prime Minister Employment Generation Program|website=Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|access-date=2020-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cabinet Ministers==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Portrait<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:16em&quot; |Minister&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Birth-Death)&lt;br&gt;Constituency}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Term of office<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:8em&quot; |Political party<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:6em&quot; | Ministry<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Prime Minister<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:8em&quot;| From<br /> ! style=&quot;width:8em&quot;| To<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6em&quot;| Period<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;| Minister of Small Scale Industries, and Agro and Rural Industries<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Vasundhra Raje.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Vasundhara Raje]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1953)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Jhalawar Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 13 October&lt;br&gt;1999<br /> | 1 September&lt;br&gt;2001<br /> | '''{{ayd|13 Oct 1999|1 Sep 2001}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;width:9em&quot;| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot;| Minister of Small Scale Industries<br /> |-<br /> ! (1)<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Vasundhra Raje.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Vasundhara Raje]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1953)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Jhalawar Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 1 September&lt;br/&gt;2001<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | '''{{ayd|1 Sep 2001|29 Jan 2003}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:C. P. Thakur PIB 2004 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[C. P. Thakur]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1931)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Patna Lok Sabha constituency|Patna]]}}<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | 22 May&lt;br&gt;2004<br /> | '''{{ayd|2003|1|29|2004|5|22}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot;| Minister of Agro and Rural Industries<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Kariya Munda.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Kariya Munda]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1936)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Khunti Lok Sabha constituency|Khunti]]}}<br /> | 1 September&lt;br&gt;2001<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | '''{{ayd|1 Sep 2001|29 Jan 2003}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> |<br /> | '''[[Sangh Priya Gautam]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1931)&lt;br&gt;Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttarakhand]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | 22 May&lt;br&gt;2004<br /> | '''{{ayd|29 Jan 2003|22 May 2004}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;| Minister of Small Scale Industries, and Agro and Rural Industries<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Mahabir Prasad addressing the third meeting of the National Khadi and Village Industries Board (NKVIB), in New Delhi on July 16, 2008.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Mahaveer Prasad]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1939{{ndash}}2010)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Bansgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bansgaon]]}}<br /> | 23 May&lt;br&gt;2004<br /> | 9 May&lt;br&gt;2007<br /> | '''{{ayd|23 May 2004|9 May 2007}}'''<br /> | [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | '''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;| Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<br /> |-<br /> ! (5)<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Mahabir Prasad addressing the third meeting of the National Khadi and Village Industries Board (NKVIB), in New Delhi on July 16, 2008.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Mahaveer Prasad]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1939{{ndash}}2010)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Bansgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bansgaon]]}}<br /> | 9 May&lt;br&gt;2007<br /> | 22 May&lt;br&gt;2009<br /> | '''{{ayd|9 May 2007|22 May 2009}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| '''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Dinsha Patel (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Dinsha Patel]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1937)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Kheda Lok Sabha constituency|Kheda]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 28 May&lt;br&gt;2009<br /> | 19 January&lt;br&gt;2011<br /> | '''{{ayd|28 May 2009|19 Jan 2011}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Virbhadra Singh HP.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Virbhadra Singh]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2021)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]}}<br /> | 19 January&lt;br&gt;2011<br /> | 26 June&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | '''{{ayd|19 Jan 2011|26 Jun 2012}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Vilasrao Deshmukh at Innovation Partnerships Event May 8, 2012.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1945{{ndash}}2012)&lt;br&gt;Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]]}}<br /> | 26 June&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | 10 August&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | '''{{ayd|26 Jun 2012|10 Aug 2012}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Vayalar Ravi-crop.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Vayalar Ravi]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1937)&lt;br&gt;Rajya Sabha MP for [[Kerala]]}}<br /> | 10 August&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | 28 October&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | '''{{ayd|10 Aug 2012|28 Oct 2012}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:The portrait of the Minister of State for Railways, Shri K.H. Muniyappa.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[K. H. Muniyappa]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(born 1948)&lt;br /&gt;MP for [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 28 October&lt;br&gt;2012<br /> | 26 May&lt;br&gt;2014<br /> | '''{{ayd|28 Oct 2012|26 May 2014}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:The Union Minister for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Shri Kalraj Mishra calling on the Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari, in New Delhi on November 13, 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Kalraj Mishra]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1941)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Deoria Lok Sabha constituency|Deoria]]}}<br /> | 27 May&lt;br&gt;2014<br /> | 3 September&lt;br&gt;2017<br /> | '''{{ayd|27 May 2014|3 Sep 2017}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Giriraj Singh assuming charge as Minister of State (Independent Charge) in 2017.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Giriraj Singh]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1957)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada]]}}&lt;br&gt;(MoS, I/C)<br /> | 3 September&lt;br&gt;2017<br /> | 30 May&lt;br&gt;2019<br /> | '''{{ayd|3 Sep 2017|30 May 2019}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Shri Nitin Gadkari on March 3, 2023 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Nitin Gadkari]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1957)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]]}}<br /> | 31 May&lt;br&gt;2019<br /> | 7 July&lt;br&gt;2021<br /> | '''{{ayd|31 May 2019|7 Jul 2021}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Narayan Rane with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Narayan Rane]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1952)&lt;br&gt;Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]]}}<br /> | 7 July&lt;br&gt;2021<br /> | 9 June&lt;br/&gt;2024<br /> | '''{{ayd|7 Jul 2021|9 Jun 2024}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:The Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi meeting the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Power, Coal and New and Renewable Energy, Shri Piyush Goyal, in New Delhi on November 03, 2014 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]'''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(born 1944)&lt;br/&gt;MP for [[Gaya Lok Sabha constituency|Gaya]]}}<br /> | 10 June&lt;br&gt;2024<br /> | ''Incumbent'' <br /> | '''{{ayd|10 June 2024|}}'''<br /> | [[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]]<br /> | [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Ministers of State==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Portrait<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:16em&quot; |Minister&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Birth-Death)&lt;br&gt;Constituency}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Term of office<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:8em&quot; |Political party<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:6em&quot; | Ministry<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Prime Minister<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:8em&quot;| From<br /> ! style=&quot;width:8em&quot;| To<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6em&quot;| Period<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot;| Minister of State for Small Scale Industries<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;width:9em&quot;| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Tapan Sikdar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Tapan Sikdar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1944{{ndash}}2014)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency|Dum Dum]]}}<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | 22 May&lt;br&gt;2004<br /> | '''{{ayd|29 Jan 2003|22 May 2004}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot;| Minister of State for Agro and Rural Industries<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | <br /> | '''[[Nikhil Kumar Choudhary]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1949)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar]]}}<br /> | 1 July&lt;br&gt;2002<br /> | 29 January&lt;br&gt;2003<br /> | '''{{ayd|1 Jul 2002|29 Jan 2003}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;11&quot;| Minister of State for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Giriraj Singh assuming charge as Minister of State (Independent Charge) in 2017.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Giriraj Singh]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1957)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada]]}}<br /> | 9 November&lt;br&gt;2014<br /> | 3 September&lt;br&gt;2017<br /> | '''{{ayd|9 Nov 2014|3 Sep 2017}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1954)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Banaskantha Lok Sabha constituency|Banaskantha]]}}<br /> | 5 July&lt;br&gt;2016<br /> | 3 September&lt;br&gt;2017<br /> | '''{{ayd|5 Jul 2016|3 Sep 2017}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;9&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Pratap Chandra Sarangi.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1955)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]]}}<br /> | 31 May&lt;br&gt;2019<br /> | 7 July&lt;br&gt;2021<br /> | '''{{ayd|2019|5|31|2021|7|7}}'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1957)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Jalaun Lok Sabha constituency|Jalaun]]}}<br /> | 7 July&lt;br&gt;2021<br /> | 9 June&lt;br/&gt;2024<br /> | '''{{ayd|7 Jul 2021|9 Jun 2024}}'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | [[File:Shobha Karandlaje with PM Modi.jpg|70px]]<br /> | '''[[Shobha Karandlaje]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(born 1966)&lt;br&gt;MP for [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]}}<br /> | 10 June&lt;br/&gt;2024<br /> | ''Incumbent'' <br /> | '''{{ayd|10 Jun 2024}}'''<br /> | [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == International MSME Day : 27 June ==<br /> Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Day (MSME Day) is observed globally on June 27. It was officially designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017 through Resolution A/71/279.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/micro-small-medium-businesses-day |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=United Nations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In India, MSME Day is observed as &quot;Udyami Bharat – MSME Day,&quot; highlighting the role of entrepreneurship in the country’s economy. The 2025 theme was &quot;Enhancing the Role of MSMEs as Drivers of Sustainable Growth and Innovation.&quot; The 2025 event in India was notably attended by President Droupadi Murmu at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ministry of Small Scale Industries]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100312035006/http://msme.gov.in/welcome.html Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises] (archived)<br /> *[http://msme.gov.in Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries]<br /> <br /> {{Union ministries of India}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Government ministries of India]]<br /> [[Category:Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sraboner_Dhara&diff=476307 2026-03-04T00:14:39Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: brief improved article as per guidelines and improved wording for consistency</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2020 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sraboner Dhara<br /> | image = Sraboner Dhara.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical poster<br /> | director = [[Sudeshna Roy]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]<br /> | producer = Pradip Churiwal<br /> | writer = Dr. Subhendu Sen<br /> | based_on = ''Between Raindrops''<br /> | screenplay = Padmanabha Dasgupta<br /> | starring = [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] &lt;br&gt; [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] &lt;br&gt;[[Gargi Roychowdhury]] &lt;br&gt; [[Basabdatta Chatterjee]]&lt;br&gt; [[Rayati Bhattacharya]]<br /> | music = Ashu Abhishek<br /> | cinematography = Mondal<br /> | editing = <br /> | production_companies = Macneil Engineering Ltd<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2020|02|07}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | budget = <br /> | studio = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sraboner Dhara''''' is an Indian Bengali drama film directed by [[Sudeshna Roy]] and [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]. Starring [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] and [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], the film deals with [[Alzheimer's disease]], the issues faced by the younger generation, and the emotional attachment established with the medical caregivers of the older generation. It is based on Dr. Subhendu Sen's short story, ''Between Raindrops'', and scripted by Padmanabha Dasgupta.<br /> <br /> The film was selected to compete at the [[Kolkata International Film Festival]] under the ''Asian Select'' category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sudeshna-abhijits-film-in-kolkata-international-film-festival/articleshow/71818653.cms|title=Sudeshna-Abhijit's film in Kolkata International Film Festival - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/soumitra-chatterjee-and-parambrata-team-up-for-sraboner-dhara/articleshow/65589677.cms|title=Soumitra Chatterjee and Parambrata team up for 'Sraboner Dhara' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released theatrically on 7 February 2020.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> * [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Amitava Sarkar<br /> * [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] as Dr. Nilabho Roy<br /> * [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] as Shuva Sarkar (Amitava Sarkar's wife)<br /> * [[Basabdatta Chatterjee]] as Pritha Roy<br /> <br /> ==Promotion and release==<br /> <br /> The official trailer of the film was launched by Amara Muzik Bengal on 17 January 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=5EV5FrnPQZg|title=Sraboner Dhara (শ্রাবনের ধারা) - Official Trailer - Soumitra - Parambrata - Gargi - Basabdutta|work=Amara Muzik Bengal|publisher=YouTube|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film released theatrically on 7 February 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/sraboner-dhara/movie-review/74042170.cms |title = Sraboner Dhara Movie Review: Deeply emotional take on life's many struggles|website=Times of India|date=9 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{imdbtitle|tt11497808}}<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about Alzheimer's disease]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Bengali-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 drama films]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maradona_(2018_film)&diff=462396 2026-03-03T20:32:37Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: minor edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2018 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Maradona<br /> | image = Maradona 2018 film poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vishnu Narayan]]<br /> | producer = S. Vinod Kumar<br /> | writer = Krishna Moorthy<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Tovino Thomas]]<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]]<br /> * Sharanya R. Nair<br /> * [[Leona Lishoy]]<br /> * Maya Menon<br /> * Shalu Rahim<br /> * [[Tito Wilson]]<br /> * Kichu Tellus<br /> * Nistar Ahmed<br /> * [[Jins Baskar]]<br /> * Niranjan Harish <br /> }}<br /> | music = [[Sushin Shyam]]<br /> | editing = [[Saiju Sreedharan]]<br /> | cinematography = Deepak D. Menon<br /> | studio = Mini Studio<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|7|27}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | budget = {{INR}}4 crores&lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}7 crores&lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Maradona''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[thriller film]]&lt;!--Do not add genre without a reliable source--&gt; directed by debutant [[Vishnu Narayan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tovino-thomass-next-malayalam-film-titled-india-74927|title=Tovino Thomas's next is a Malayalam film titled 'India'|date=18 January 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; and starring [[Tovino Thomas]] in the title role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomass-new-film-maradona-to-go-on-floors-from-july-30/articleshow/59651737.cms|title=Tovino Thomas's new film Maradona to go on floors from July 30|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 July 2017 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-is-all-set-to-star-in-maradona/articleshow/59618521.cms|title=Tovino Thomas is all set to star in Maradona|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 July 2017 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was written by Krishna Moorthy and produced by Mini Studio. The film's background score and songs were composed by [[Sushin Shyam]], while the [[cinematography]] was performed by Deepak D. Menon and edited by Saiju Sreedharan. Despite its title, the film has nothing to do with Argentine professional football player and manager [[Diego Maradona]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The movie follows the story of a goon for hire, Maradona, a cranky young man who moves to Bangalore to stay with his distant relatives, after accidentally injuring a powerful politician's son. However, the politician hires a goon named Martin to track down Maradona and his friend Sudhi, who picked up a fight with the man's son, Aravindan, and has lost his memory after the incident.<br /> <br /> Maradona befriends many people in the apartment, like Ousepachan, an old man living all alone in the apartment opposite to that of his. He also befriends Asha who is a home nurse at the apartment next door, shortly before falling in love with her. Simultaneously he is informed by Sudhi and another friend of his, about the events taking place at their hometown. As the film's interval is over, the incident forcing Maradona and Sudhi to beat up the rogue Aravindan is shown. Later, Martin and his gang find Sudhi and lock him up in a hideout after beating him severely. Maradona watches a story in a news channel in which a man is being severely beaten by a group of goons and identified it was Sudhi. He confesses to Asha about his past as a goon and she leaves him. Ousepachan calms him down saying that Asha will return to him once she gets to know about his true feelings. Later, Martin and his gang arrives at the apartment to look for Maradona, but learn that a robbery had happened at the apartment in which he was living, and also that he is missing since the previous day. Maradona had gone to Aravindan's house, to apologise to his mother as he is the one behind the guy's condition. Maradona surrenders and is now locked up with Sudhi. He is happy to see a still alive Sudhi, as he had earlier thought that Sudhi was killed. Maradona also gets a call from Asha who is now a nurse in a hospital somewhere. Sudhi is repentant now, especially for ruining his wife's life, someone who had loved and married him knowing his past. So he asks Maradona to not let go of Asha. Later, Sudhi succumbs to his injuries. When Martin and his friend arrives, Maradona overpowers them to escape. The last scene shows Maradona on a journey to West Bengal (probably where Asha is), with Aravindan who doesn't remember who Maradona is (and that he is the one behind his condition). Maradona assures Aravindan's mother that he will return with Aravindan once he learns that his dear ones are safe. We also see Ousepachan returning the valuables that were missing from the apartment, revealing that Maradona had faked a robbery for the safety of his loved ones.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Tovino Thomas]] as Maradona<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Martin<br /> * Sharanya R. Nair as Asha<br /> * [[Leona Lishoy]] as Nadhiya<br /> * Shalu Rahim as Aravindhan<br /> * [[Tito Wilson]] as Sudhi<br /> * [[Kichu Tellus]] as Anto<br /> * Parthavi Vinod as Diya, Nadhiya's daughter<br /> * Niranjan Harish as Naresh<br /> * Hari Thampuran as Ousepachan<br /> * Nisthar Sait as Koyikkal Chandrashekaran<br /> * [[Jins Baskar]] as Sree<br /> * Vishnu as Nizam<br /> * Sam the dog as Rambo<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film marks the directorial debut of [[Vishnu Narayan]], who had earlier associated Aashiq Abu, Dileesh Pothen, and Samir Thahir. It was written by Krishna Moorthy, who had also been associated with Lijo Jose Pellisery and Dileesh Pothen. The film was produced by S. Vinod Kumar under the banner Mini Studio. [[Sukumar Thekkepat]] was the executive producer of the film and the camera was handled by Deepak D. Menon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/jul/17/tovinos-next-is-maradona-but-its-not-about-football-1629601.html|title=Tovino's next is Maradona but it's not about football|date=17 July 2017 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Maradona'' began filming in August 2017 and was wrapped in December 2017. The film was mainly shot in [[Chavakkad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Vandiperiyar]], [[Aluva]], and [[Ernakulam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-resumes-filming-maradona/articleshow/60475732.cms|title=Tovino Thomas resumes filming Maradona|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 September 2017 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release ==<br /> The film was released on 27 July 2018 across 128 theaters in [[Kerala]].<br /> <br /> ===Reception===<br /> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] rated 3 out of 5 stars in [[Film Companion]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094644/https://www.filmcompanion.in/maradona-movie-review-tovino-thomas-baradwaj-rangan/] &lt;/ref&gt; Asha Prakash for ''[[The Times of India]]'' has written that Vishnu Narayan's Maradona is a movie in which the journey is more interesting than the destination. She has mentioned that the film rightly belongs to Tovino and can be considered a celebration of the actor in him.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Asha Prakash|date=28 July 2018|title=Maradona is quite Watchable |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/maradona/movie-review/65160909.cms|work=The Times of India|accessdate=28 July 2018}}{{Rating|3|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Abhijith for Filmibeat has written that Maradona is a neatly packaged film which offers a compelling viewing experience. &quot;The best part of Maradona is the fact that the film keeps the audiences hooked to it with the elements in the movie. The narrative pattern of the film is appealing and it is refreshing to watch certain events unfold in a rather tricky manner,&quot; he added.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Abhijith|date=28 July 2018|title=Maradona is neatly packaged film which offers a compelling viewing experience |url= https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2018/maradona-movie-review-neatly-packaged-movie-that-offers-compelling-viewing-experience-275745.html|publisher=Filmibeat|accessdate=28 July 2018}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also, the film had been rated as 4 out 5 by The New Indian Express.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title='Maradona' movie review: An emotionally rewarding tale of redemption|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/jul/27/maradona-movie-review-an-emotionally-rewarding-tale-of-redemption-1849554.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music of the film was composed by [[Sushin Shyam]].<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Maradona&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/maradona-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1414790780 | title=Maradona (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Sushin Shyam }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sushin Shyam]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 21 July 2018<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 21:23<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | label = Mini Studio<br /> | producer = Sushin Shyam<br /> | prev_title = [[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]<br /> | prev_year = 2017<br /> | next_title = [[Rosapoo]]<br /> | next_year = 2018<br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 ={{YouTube|azppsZovL60|Audio Jukebox}}}}<br /> }}<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Maradona (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - Original version<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 22:37<br /> | title1 = Aparaada Panka<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Fejo (rapper)|Fejo]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Fejo (rapper)|Fejo]]<br /> | length1 = 03:37<br /> | title2 = Ee Raavil<br /> | lyrics2 = Nezer Ahemed<br /> | extra2 = Nezer Ahemed<br /> | length2 = 03:35<br /> | title3 = Kadhale<br /> | lyrics3 = Vinayak Sasikumar<br /> | extra3 = [[Sruthy Sasidharan]]<br /> | length3 = 03:26<br /> | title4 = Nilapakshi<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br /> | extra4 = Sushin Shyam, Neha S. Nair<br /> | length4 = 03:49<br /> | title5 = NilaPakshi Sad version<br /> | lyrics5 = Vinayak Sasikumar<br /> | extra5 = Sushin Shyam, Neha S. Nair<br /> | length5 = 04:15<br /> | title6 = Varum<br /> | lyrics6 = Vinayak Sasikumar<br /> | extra6 = Sushin Shyam, Neha S. Nair<br /> | length6 = 03:55<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/jul/27/maradona-movie-review-an-emotionally-rewarding-tale-of-redemption-1849554.html<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|7146028}}<br /> * [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-hollywood-is-my-aim/articleshow/63255869.cms Star Tovino Thomas talks about Maradona movie]<br /> * [https://www.indiaglitz.com/maradona-dhanush-teams-up-with-tovino-thomas-for-the-second-time-malayalam-news-190400 Tovino Thomas stars for the second time in a Malayalam movie]<br /> * [https://www.indiaglitz.com/tovino-thomas-maradona-movie-updates-malayalam-news-195805 Maradona movie updates and news]<br /> * [http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/maari-2-malayalam-actor-tovino-thomas-roped-in-to-play-antagonist-opposite-dhanush-4083259.html Tovino Thomas to play as an antagonist]<br /> <br /> {{Diego Maradona}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sushin Shyam]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Munnar]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundari_Neeyum_Sundaran_Naanum&diff=538283 2026-03-03T04:45:11Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding a stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = A. N. Rajagopal<br /> | producer = V. Thiyagarajan<br /> | writer = A. N. Rajagopal<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Pandiarajan]]|[[Easwari Rao]]}}<br /> | music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]<br /> | cinematography = K. Nithya<br /> | editing = R. T. Annadurai<br /> | distributor = <br /> | studio = Gurumeena Films<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1999|11|21}}<br /> | runtime = 140 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum''''' is a 1999 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by A. N. Rajagopal. The film stars [[Pandiarajan]] and [[Easwari Rao]], with [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Senthil]], [[Charle]], [[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]], [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]], [[Sathyapriya]], Anuja, Anitha and [[Vaiyapuri]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 21 November 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sundari neeyum sundaran naanum ( 1999 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sundari%20neeyum%20sundaran%20naanum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917143941/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sundari%20neeyum%20sundaran%20naanum |archive-date=2011-09-17 |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=Cinesouth}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> <br /> Subramani is an owner of a small video rental store and a wedding cameraman, and he lives with his widowed mother. Each time Subramani does something good, he ends up getting in trouble for it.<br /> <br /> The henpecked Panneerselvam and the arrogant Mangamma have three daughters: Anuja, who is married to a jobless man; the childish Hamsaveni; and Krishnaveni. Mangamma only likes Krishnaveni and relies heavily on her. Panneerselvam asks Subramani to romance Krishnaveni. Subramani agrees and tries to seduce her. She then falls in love with him. When Mangamma learns of their love affair, she sends henchmen to beat him up, but Subramani easily beats all of them. Mangamma has no option but to lock Krishnaveni in her room, and she hires a private teacher for a daughter. Subramani's friend Perumal enters their home as a teacher, and he falls in love with Hamsaveni. Panneerselvam is Subramani's maternal uncle, and he explains to Subramani that he wants him to marry his daughter to reconcile with his sister: Subramani's mother.<br /> <br /> In the past, after the death of Subramani's father, Panneerselvam brought his sister and his nephew Subramani at home. Mangamma wanted to throw them out of their home, so she tried to poison Subramani. Panneerselvam saved him, Subramani's mother and Subramani left the house on the post.<br /> <br /> In the meantime, fraud Sivaramakrishnan is blackmailing Panneerselvam who had a secret affair with his sister. Sivaramakrishnan then enters in Panneerselvam's home as a rich man and he tries to impress Mangamma to marry her daughter Krishnaveni. But Subramani and Panneerselvam try many tricks to wreck Sivaramakrishnan's malicious plan. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Pandiarajan]] as Subramani<br /> *[[Easwari Rao]] as Krishnaveni<br /> *[[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]] as Sivaramakrishnan<br /> *[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Subramani's mother<br /> *[[Senthil]] as Anuja's husband<br /> *[[Charle]] as Perumal<br /> *[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Panneerselvam<br /> *[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Chinnasamy<br /> *[[Sathyapriya]] as Mangamma<br /> *Anuja as Anuja<br /> *Anitha as Hamsaveni<br /> *[[Vaiyapuri]]<br /> *[[Chaplin Balu]]<br /> *[[K. R. Vatsala]] as Mani Megalai<br /> *Mohanapriya<br /> *[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]]<br /> *[[Vellai Subbaiah]] as Astrologer<br /> *[[T. K. S. Natarajan]]<br /> *[[Suryakanth]]<br /> *MLA Thangaraj<br /> *Rathnakumar<br /> *[[Chelladurai]] as Police constable<br /> *[[Chitra Lakshmanan]] as Ramalingam (guest appearance)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> <br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum (1999) |url=http://mio.to/album/Sundari+Neeyum+Sundaran+Naanum+%281999%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117062937/http://mio.to/album/Sundari+Neeyum+Sundaran+Naanum+(1999) |archive-date=17 November 2016 |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=MusicIndiaOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum (1999) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Sundari-Neeyum-Sundaran-Naanum-songs-T0003863 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318041703/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Sundari-Neeyum-Sundaran-Naanum-songs-T0003863 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Annaiyum Pithavum&quot; || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || Ra. Ravishankar || 4:36<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Thakali Jusa&quot; || Krishnaraj || rowspan=2|[[Kamakodiyan]]|| 5:13<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Manipura Manipura&quot; || [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] || 4:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unaal Thokkam Illai&quot; || Krishnaraj, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] || rowspan=2|Kalaikumar || 5:30<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Baagunnara&quot; || [[S. P. B. Charan]], [[Yugendran]] || 4:36<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''[[Sify]]'' said, &quot;The film is watchable only for those who want to watch Easwari's oomph but otherwise a waste of time&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Naanum |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sundari-neeyum-sundaran-naanum-review-tamil-pcltS3dacegab.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116230948/http://www.sify.com/movies/sundari-neeyum-sundaran-naanum-review-tamil-pcltS3dacegab.html |archive-date=16 November 2016 |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Chennai Online'' criticised the film's comedy as &quot;crude, juvenile and jarring&quot;, adding, &quot;It is no doubt a debutant director’s work, but then shouldn’t he have been more careful in planning his screenplay?&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Nanum |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov15.asp |url-status=dead |website=Chennai Online |access-date=3 July 2024 |archive-date=3 September 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040903052425/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov15.asp }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1999 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1999 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1999 comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:1999 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bansuri_Guru&diff=461794 2026-03-02T09:29:06Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Bansuri Guru<br /> | image = Basuri Guru film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Bansuri Guru film poster<br /> | director = [[Hariprasad Chaurasia#Personal life|Rajeev Chaurasia]]<br /> | producer = [[Films Division of India|Films Division, Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting, Govt. of India]]<br /> | writer = Rajeev Chaurasia &amp; Pushpanjali Chaurasia<br /> | based_on = [[Personal life|Life]] of [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]]<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring =<br /> | music = [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]]<br /> | cinematography = Anil Kumar<br /> | editing = Karl Mascarenhas<br /> | studio = Universal Studios and Prime Focus<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|01|13|[[Pune International Film Festival]]}}<br /> | runtime = 60 minutes<br /> | country = [[Cinema of India|India]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Bansuri Guru''''' is a 2013 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[documentary film]] about the life of classical instrumentalist [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]]. Directed by [[Hariprasad Chaurasia#Personal life|Rajeev Chaurasia]] as his directorial debut, the film is introduced by [[Amitabh Bachchan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Debjani Pau&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Pau|first=Debjani|title=Real story of flute maestro now captured in reel|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/real-story-of-flute-maestro-now-captured-in-reel/1058928/0|accessdate=20 January 2013|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=14 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ''Bansuri Guru'' was produced by the Government of India's [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] and features a series of interviews conducted with Chaurasia and others about the artist,&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Express 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=staff|title=Weaving melody with the divine flute|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1421262.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221211124/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1421262.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2014|accessdate=20 January 2013|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=15 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; including shots in [[Mumbai]], [[Bhubaneswar]] and [[Rotterdam]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Official website|http://bansuriguru.in/index.html}}<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian documentary films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:Documentary films about classical music and musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Hindustani music]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 documentary films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br /> <br /> {{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}<br /> {{music-documentary-film-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amitabh_Thakur&diff=452057 2026-02-23T22:04:09Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: Enhanced content and organization</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1968)}}<br /> {{COI|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Amitabh Thakur<br /> | image = Amitabh Thakur 2022.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = Amitabh Thakur in 2022<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1968|06|16}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Muzaffarpur]], Bihar, India<br /> | alma_mater = [[IIT Kanpur]], ([[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]]), [[IIM Lucknow]]<br /> | occupation = Former [[Indian Police Service]] officer<br /> | known_for = *work on [[Open government|transparency]] and [[accountability]]<br /> *[[Azad Adhikar Sena]]<br /> | height = 1.65 m<br /> | party = Azad Adhikar Sena (2022)<br /> | spouse = {{marriage| Dr [[Nutan Thakur]]|1993}}<br /> | children = {{hlist|Tanaya Thakur | Aditya Thakur}}<br /> | father = Tapeshwar Narayan Thakur<br /> | mother = Madhuri Bala<br /> | relatives = {{unbulleted list<br /> |Avinash Kumar (brother)- [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Officer, [[Jharkhand]] Cadre &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/news/story/ias-avinash-kumar-dedicated-poem-to-his-brother-ips-amitabh-thakur-over-his-forced-retirement-1228364-2021-03-26|title=समय से पहले रिटायर किए गए IPS अमिताभ ठाकुर के लिए भाई IAS अविनाश कुमार ने शेयर की कविता |trans-title=Brother IAS Avinash Kumar shared a poem for prematurely retired IPS Amitabh Thakur.|work=Aaj Tak|date=26 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/ias-avinash-kumar-brother-of-ips-amitabh-thakur-who-forcibly-retired-writes-a-poen-on-facebook/articleshow/81692796.cms|title=Jharkhand News: जबरन रिटायर किए गए IPS अमिताभ ठाकुर के भाई IAS अविनाश कुमार ने लिखी मार्मिक कविता-'मां अगले जन्म में फिर...'|work=Rediff|trans-title=IAS Avinash Kumar, brother of forcibly retired IPS Amitabh Thakur, wrote a touching poem - 'Mother will come again in the next life...'}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | website = {{URL|http://adhikarsena.in|Party website}}, {{URL|http://adhikarpatrika.in|Party mouthpiece}}<br /> | module4 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Amitabh Thakur''' (born 16 June 1968) is an ex-[[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer and a political activist. He was forced to undergo compulsory retirement in March 2021. During service, Amitabh was known for his strict adherence to rules and regulations as well as for his work in the field of administrative accountability.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/ips-amitabh-thakur-deemed-not-fit-for-service-forced-to-retire|title=IPS Amitabh Thakur Deemed 'Not Fit' for Service, Forced to Retire|work=The Quint|date=23 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/uttar-pradesh/amitabh-thakur-given-premature-retirement|title=Amitabh Thakur given premature retirement|work=First India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since retirement, Amitabh works as a social and political activist. He is currently the President of [[Azad Adhikar Sena]]. Azad Adhikar Sena was initiated by him, his wife Dr [[Nutan Thakur]], and others.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rediff&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/uttar-pradesh-ex-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-names-new-party-adhikar-sena-but-suggestions-welcome/20210827.htm|title=UP's ex-IPS officer names new party Adhikar Sena, but suggestions welcome|work=Rediff}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ETV Bharat&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/bharat/retired-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-floats-political-party-adhikar-sena/na20220625163330009009160|title=Retired IPS officer Amitabh Thakur floats political party 'Adhikar Sena'|work=ETV Bharat|date=25 June 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhikar Sena&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://adhikarsena.in/|title=Adhikar Sena|work=Official website}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur was born on 16 June 1968 at [[Muzaffarpur]], Bihar to Tapeshwar Narain Thakur, an Electrical Engineer and Madhuri Bala, a lecturer in Hindi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT_stranger_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/up-top-cop-amitbah-thakur-is-no-stranger-to-controversies/article1-1369008.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714112122/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/up-top-cop-amitbah-thakur-is-no-stranger-to-controversies/article1-1369008.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2015 |title=Suspended UP top cop Amitabh Thakur no stranger to controversies |date=14 July 2015 |newspaper=Hindustan Times }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was brought up in [[Bokaro Steel City]] in present-day [[Jharkhand]] (then a part of [[Bihar]]), where he got his Matriculation and Intermediate degree from [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] No. 1, [[Bokaro Steel City]], in 1983 and 1985 respectively. He enrolled in [[IIT Kanpur]] in 1985, where he obtained his [[BTech]] degree in mechanical engineering in 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IT_suffered&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/bureaucrats-who-suffered-at-the-hands-of-political-class-368487-2012-10-21 |title=In pics: Bureaucrats who suffered at the hands of political class by being repeatedly transferred or denied plum posting |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Police career ==<br /> <br /> Amitabh was commissioned in the [[Indian Police Service]] in 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT_suffered&quot;/&gt; His initial field training commenced in Kanpur district, followed by his posting in Gorakhpur; during his stint at the latter, he frequently came at loggerheads with [[Yogi Adityanath]], who eventually became the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He worked as the [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP) in around 10 districts of UP, including Pithoragarh, Lalitpur, Deoria, Gonda, Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar, Firozabad, Ballia and Maharajganj. He also worked in multiple departments including Intelligence, Vigilance, Anti-Corruption and Police Training Academy.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HT_stranger_2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Basic Principles of Policing {{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}===<br /> <br /> All through his career, Amitabh Thakur worked for the cause of [[Open government#Transparency|transparency]] and [[accountability]] of the system. He also worked for people friendly policing, giving highest importance to grievance redressal of the poor and the downtrodden.<br /> <br /> In this process, he also got deeply engaged in internal police reforms. He particularly worked for betterment of the service conditions of subordinate police officers. He advocated for better internal social and functional environment in police. He also advocated reduction of [[power distance]] in police system and closer interaction between superior and subordinate rank police officers. For all this, he strongly advocated for creation of Subordinate officers Police Associations.<br /> <br /> === Important Events in Police career ===<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur had many clashes with different political and administrative masters, because of his strict and non-compromising approach.<br /> <br /> ===Clash with Mulayam Singh Yadav government===<br /> <br /> In 2006, Amitabh was posted as SP of [[Firozabad]] district. There he refused to obey some of the wrongful dictates of then [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Ramveer Singh|Ramvir Singh Yadav]]. Ramveer Singh was a close relative of then [[Chief Minister]], [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]] and [[Samajwadi Party]] Supremo Mulayam Singh Yadav. This finally led to an incidence of alleged assault and manhandling with Amitabh Thakur. Mulayam Singh Yadav clearly told Amitabh not to register any case in this matter. Despite the oral order, Thakur got a [[First Information Report]] (FIR) registered in this matter at [[Eka, Firozabad|Eka]] police station. This led to Thakur extensively suffering at the hands of Mulayam Singh Government.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT_Ferozabad_2006&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm14/mla-aides-bash-up-ferozabad-sp/article1-128879.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715194659/http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm14/mla-aides-bash-up-ferozabad-sp/article1-128879.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2015 |title=MLA, aides bash up Ferozabad SP |date=28 July 2006 |newspaper=Hindustan Times }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HT_stranger_2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Clash with Mayawati government===<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur had another altercation with Government in 2008–09. At that time, [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) suprempo [[Mayawati]] was the Chief Minister. Amitabh was selected for the four-year [[Fellow Programme in Management]] (FPM) at [[IIM Lucknow]] through the prestigious [[Common Admission Test]] ([[Common Admission Test|CAT]]). He approached the Government to grant him a study leave for the course. The Home Department refused the study leave merely to harass Amitabh. Amitabh approached the Lucknow Bench of [[Central Administrative Tribunal]] and got Extraordinary leave (i.e., leave without salary) sanctioned. He joined IIM Lucknow and stayed there for 02 years without any salary. He completed his FPM course and came back to service. Later he won his study leave case from the [[Central Administrative Tribunal]] and [[Allahabad High Court]]. Finally the State Government was forced to give his the entire salary for this period in June 2012. This study leave case is regarded as an important struggle in service matter issues.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ips-officer-gets-two-years--study-leave/476527/|title=IPS officer gets two years study leave |work=The Indian Express }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/hc-directs-up-chief-secretary-to-probe-amp39harassmentamp39-of-ips-officer/articleshow/10917038.cms|title=HC directs UP chief secretary to probe harassment|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 November 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/reconsider-ips-officers-plea-for-study-leave/articleshow/6153024.cms|title=Reconsider IPS officer's plea for study leave|work=The Times of India|date=11 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/kejriwal-exit-affair-allow-government-servants-who-have-resigned-to-leave-quickly-respectfully/19835.html|title=Kejriwal exit affair: Allow government servants who have resigned to leave quickly, respectfully|work=Money Life }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Clash with Akhilesh Yadav government===<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur had his third set of direct altercations with Government in 2014–2017. [[Samajwadi Party]] leader Akhilesh Yadav was the Chief Minister at that time. In December 2014, Thakur's wife Dr Nutan Thakur filed a complaint against the state's mining minister [[Gayatri Prasad Prajapati]], before the [[Lok Ayukta]] (anti-corruption ombudsman).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/rape-allegations-a-concocted-story-says-amitabh-thakur/20150712.htm|title=&quot;Rape allegations a 'concocted' story,&quot; says Amitabh Thakur|date=12 July 2015|work=Rediff}}&lt;/ref&gt; She alleged that the minister was involved in illegal mining activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-suspension-IPS-officer-Amitabh-Thakur-says-will-continue-fight-against-Mulayam/articleshow/48073640.cms|title=After suspension, IPS officer Amitabh Thakur says will continue fight against Mulayam|work=The Times of India|date=14 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Thakur approached the Central Government, seeking protection for his family.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_sudhar_2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2015, a woman filed a rape case against Amitabh Thakur, while he was posted as IG (Civil Defence). The woman alleged that Nutan Thakur promised her assistance in getting a government job, and asked her to come to the Thakurs' residence in Gomti Nagar, where she was allegedly raped. The Thakurs dismissed the complaint as bogus, saying that it had been filed and framed in response to Nutan's complaint against the minister, and that the complainant was related to a Samajwadi Party leader.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-woman-allege-rape-by-igp-in-ghaziabad-police-official-s-wife-refute-charge-2054081|title=Woman allege rape by IGP in Ghaziabad, police official's wife refute charge|work=dna}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 10 July 2015, Amitabh got a phone call from Mulayam Singh Yadav. He alleged that Yadav had threatened him over the phone call. He released the audio of the phone call, in which Yadav is allegedly heard saying certain sentences of threatening nature:&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_sudhar_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sudhar-jaaiye-mulayam-singh-yadav-allegedly-told-police-officer-amitabh-thakur-781203|title='Sudhar Jaaiye,' Mulayam Singh Yadav Told Police Officer Amitabh Thakur|author=Deepshikha Ghosh|date=14 July 2015|work=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE_files_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/mulayam-threatened-me-says-ips-officer-releases-audio-clip/|title=IG-rank officer files police complaint against Mulayam Singh|date=12 July 2015|work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thakur alleged that Mulayam Singh was unhappy about the complaint lodged by his wife Nutan against the state minister [[Gayatri Prasad Prajapati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IE_files_2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 11 July 2015, Amitabh presented a complaint before Hazratganj police station for registration of FIR against Mulayam Singh as regards the alleged phone threat. The Police refused to register. But in the same night of 11 July, a rape case was registered against Amitabh and his wife Nutan by the Lucknow police at Gomtinagar police station. This FIR was based on the same old complaint presented in January.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_sudhar_2015&quot;/&gt; Two days later, on 13 July, the state government suspended Thakur, accusing him of &quot;indiscipline, holding anti-government views, dereliction of duty and violating service rules&quot;. The government also alleged that he had misused government resources and given incomplete information about his assets in his annual declaration of property, which the government hasn't been able to prove yet.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT_stranger_2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> This was followed by rapid State action against Amitabh. On 13 July, Thakur was suspended. Almost immediately after this, Vigilance enquiry was initiated against him as regards alleged disproportionate assets An FIR for Disproportionate Assets was also registered against him at Thana Gomtinagar in September 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/suspended-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-gets-moral-support-from-ashok-khemka-sanjiv-chaturvedi/articleshow/48133816.cms?from=mdr|title=Suspended IPS officer Amitabh Thakur gets 'moral support' from Ashok Khemka, Sanjiv Chaturvedi|work=The Economic Times|date=19 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/up-ips-officer-amitabh-thakurs-suspension-sets-off-political-storm/articleshow/48069310.cms?from=mdr|title=AUP IPS officer Amitabh Thakur's suspension sets off political storm|agency=Press Trust of India|date=14 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDJthvWJhT4|title=IPS Amitabh Thakur LIVE: Terms his suspension as a return gift from Mulayam|work=[[ABP News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-accuses-vigilance-officers-of-humiliating-him-wife/articleshow/49872726.cms|title=Amitabh Thakur given premature retirement|work=First India|date=21 November 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/uttar-pradesh/amitabh-thakur-given-premature-retirement|title=Amitabh Thakur accuses vigilance officers of humiliating him and wife|work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/house-of-ias-officer-amitabh-thakur-who-took-on-sp-govt-in-up-searched-267867-2015-10-13|title=House of IAS officer, who took on SP govt in UP, searched|work=[[India Today]]|date=13 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later Investigations were held in both the rape case and Disproportionate assets case. During investigation, both the charges proved to be incorrect. In the rape case, the Police not only exonerated Thakur, it also charged the complainant of registering a false FIR. Similarly, in the Disproportionate assets case, the investigating agency concluded that the charges were incorrect and Thakur had property much lesser than his known sources of income.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/rape-charges-against-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-wife-found-false/states/news/816136.html|title=Rape charges against Amitabh Thakur, wife found false|work=[[United News of India|UNI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/police-give-clean-chit-to-amitabh-nutan-thakur-in-rape-case/articleshow/57742430.cms|title=Police give clean chit to Amitabh, Nutan Thakur in rape case|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-found-not-guilty-in-disproportionate-assets-case-1916193#:~:text=The%20then%20Samajwadi%20Party%20(SP,Akhilesh%20Yadav's%20father%20Mulayam%20Singh.&amp;text=The%20Economic%20Offences%20Wing%20found,in%20a%20disproportionate%20assets%20case.|title=IPS Officer Amitabh Thakur Found Not Guilty In Corruption Case|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-ips-amitabh-thakur-acquitted-in-property-case-over-income-in-uttar-pradesh-2197052.html|title=आय से अधिक संपत्ति के मामले में आईपीएस अमिताभ ठाकुर निर्दोष पाए गए|work=[[Hindustan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Clash with Yogi Adityanath government===<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur also had direct altercations during the rule of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] Chief Minister [[Yogi Adityanath]]. There was a history of previous conflicts between the two. Amitabh had previously been posted in and around Yogi Adityanath's place of activity, [[Gorakhpur]]. The two had many altercations during Thakur's posting as [[Superintendent of Police]] in [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Basti district|Basti]] and [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]] districts. In 2007 Yogi Adityanath was arrested on serious charges related with hate speech and disturbance of law and order. This had led to riots in and around Gorakhpur, including in Maharajganj. [[Hindu Yuva Vahini]] of Yogi Adityanath was generally believed to be the force behind these law and order disturbances. Amitabh had taken extremely stern action during these riots. After coming out of jail, Yogi Adityanath had threatened Thakur of dire consequences. There was a 1999 murder case against Yogi Adityanath related with Pachrukhiya in Maharajganj. A Policeman had also been murdered in this case. Yogi Adityanath was a named accused in this case. The case had long been pending with CID. It got transferred to Maharajganj at the same time when Amitabh Thakur was SP Maharajganj. The moment Amitabh initiated its enquiry, he got immense pressure from various powerful corners. He continued his investigation but got transferred midway.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-45659849|title=हत्या का 19 साल पुराना मामला जिससे परेशान हैं योगी आदित्यनाथ|work=[[BBC Hindi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/court-issued-a-notice-to-cm-yogi-in-a-nineteen-years-old-murder-case|title=19 साल पुराने हत्याकांड में सीएम योगी को नोटिस, 27 अक्टूबर को होगी सुनवाई|work=[[Amar Ujala]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/news/full-story-of-pachrukhia-police-constable-murder-case-129761762.html|title=कहानी महाराजगंज के कब्रिस्तान में लगे उस पीपल की, जिसे काटा गया तो योगी की गाड़ी पर पत्थर चला और सिपाही का मर्डर हो गया|work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/835416/they-paid-a-price-for-adityanaths-hate-speech-and-now-have-fallen-silent|title=They paid a price for Adityanath's hate speech – and now have fallen silent|work=Scroll|date=29 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/states/gorakhpur-cm-yogi-adityanath-gets-relief-in-pachrukhiya-murder-case-high-court-rejects-revision-1167383|title=गोरखपुर: चर्चित पचरुखिया कांड में सीएम योगी आदित्‍यनाथ को बड़ी राहत, हाईकोर्ट ने खारिज की याचिका|work=[[ABP News]]|date=17 July 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/news/the-incident-of-2007-when-yogi-was-arrested-on-the-instructions-of-mulayam-singh-129891823.html|title=2007 की वो घटना, जब मुलायम सिंह के निर्देश पर योगी को गिरफ्तार किया गया|work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/india/how-yogi-adityanaths-arrest-changed-him-1671541|title=एक गिरफ्तारी ने कैसे बदल दिया फायरब्रांड नेता योगी आदित्यनाथ को|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Compulsory Retirement ===<br /> <br /> It was with this background that Yogi Adityanath government recommended compulsory retirement of Amitabh Thakur and Amitabh was given compulsory retirement in March 2021, even though seven years of his tenure were outstanding. When Amitabh sought information about this retirement from [[Ministry of Home Affairs]], it denied the information. Amitabh has challenged this retirement in [[Central Administrative Tribunal]] Lucknow bench, where the matter is currently pending.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/up-government-refused-to-handover-the-compulsory-retirement-documents-to-former-ips-amitabh-thakur-1924909|title=पूर्व IPS अफसर अमिताभ ठाकुर को नहीं मिले रिटायरमेंट से जुड़े दस्तावेज, यूपी सरकार ने दिया ये तर्क/|work=[[ABP News]]|date=9 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hindi.thequint.com/news/india/mha-denies-information-on-compulsory-retirement-of-up-ex-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur|title=अमिताभ ठाकुर को MHA ने 'जबरन रिटायर' की जानकारी देने से किया इनकार|work=[[The Quint]]|date=3 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-ex-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-challenges-his-compulsory-retirement-from-ips-cadre-filed-case-in-cat-lucknow-bench-21634575.html|title=<br /> जबरिया रिटायरमेंट के आदेश को पूर्व IPS अफसर अमिताभ ठाकुर ने CAT लखनऊ बेंच में दी चुनौती|work=[[Dainik Jagran]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-ips-amitabh-thakur-challenges-mandatory-retirement-in-cat-4024708.html|title=पूर्व IPS अफसर अमिताभ ठाकुर |work=[[Hindustan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttar-pradesh/story/amitabh-thakur-compulsory-retirement-case-cat-center-up-government-1273582-2021-06-16/|title=अमिताभ ठाकुर के 'जबरिया रिटायरमेंट' पर कैट ने केंद्र और UP सरकार से मांगा जवाब|work=[[Aaj Tak]]|date=16 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Arrest ==<br /> <br /> In August 2021, Amitabh announced that he would be contesting forthcoming Assembly elections against Yogi Adityanath. Almost immediately after this, he was arrested in August 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-former-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-arrested-for-abetting-rape-survivors-suicide/articleshow/85705782.cms|title = Uttar Pradesh: Former IPS officer Amitabh Thakur arrested for abetting rape survivor's suicide &amp;#124; Lucknow News|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=28 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was granted bail in March 2022 and came out of jail on bail almost immediately after the Assembly result.<br /> <br /> In December 2025,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/1999-deoria-fraud-case-former-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-arrested-for-securing-industrial-plot-using-forged-documents/articleshow/125885653.cms|title=1999 Deoria fraud case: Former IPS officer Amitabh Thakur arrested for securing industrial plot using forged documents|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Lucknow police commissionerate arrested Amitabh Thakur for allegedly abusing his position as superintendent of police of Deoria in 1999 to fraudulently secure an industrial plot in the name of his wife through forged identities and fabricated documents. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/land-fraud-case-former-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-arrested-in-up-sent-tojudicial-custody/article70381068.ece|title = Land fraud case: Former IPS officer Amitabh Thakur arrested in U.P., sent to judicial custody|website = [[The Hindu]]| date=11 December 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/1999-deoria-fraud-case-former-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-arrested-for-securing-industrial-plot-using-forged-documents/articleshow/125885653.cms|title = 1999 deoria fraud case-former ips officer amitabh thakur arrested|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=19 December 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-ex-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-held-for-forgery-to-secure-industrial-plot-in-1999-10414009/|title =UP ex-IPS officer Amitabh Thakur held for ‘forgery’ to secure industrial plot in 1999|website = [[The Indian Express]]| date=11 December 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He got bail in this matter on 19 January and came out of Deoria Jail on 11 February 2026. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypioneer.com/news/former-ips-officer-arrested-for-fraudulently-securing-land-released-on-bail|title =Former IPS officer, arrested for fraudulently securing land, released on bail|website = [[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]| date=13 February 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2026/02/12/former-ips-officer-arrested-for-fraudulently-securing-land-released-on-bail.html|title =Former IPS officer arrested for fraudulently securing land released on bail|website = [[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]| date=12 February 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria-former-ips-amitabh-thakur-released-from-deoria-jail-40139566.html|title =पूर्व IPS अमिताभ ठाकुर देवरिया जेल से रिहा, धोखाधड़ी मामले में मिली जमानत|website = [[Dainik Jagran]]| date=12 February 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activism ==<br /> <br /> All through his career as a Police officer, Amitabh Thakur remained a pro-poor, activism oriented person, which often resulted in his direct confrontations with various Governments. He was the founder of the [[National RTI Forum]], a [[grassroots]] anti-corruption organisation in India that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal| title = Jethwa, two other chosen for RTI gallantry awards| journal = [[The Hindu]]| date = 2 September 2010| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/article609546.ece| access-date = 7 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The organisation is based in [[Lucknow]]. He had also formed Institute for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences (IRDS), a human rights organisation.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;/&gt; He recorded the [[dying declaration]] of journalist [[Murder of Jagendra Singh|Jagendra Singh]]; the video allegedly indicated the involvement of a state's minister in Singh's death.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;/&gt; In January 2011, Amitabh filed an FIR against Facebook and some of its users, for offensive comments against [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in a Facebook group called &quot;I hate Gandhi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/case-against-facebook-for-hosting-i-hate-gandhi-group-news-national-lbzouhaebad.html|title=Case against Facebook for hosting 'I hate Gandhi' group|website=sify.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129012804/http://www.sify.com/news/case-against-facebook-for-hosting-i-hate-gandhi-group-news-national-lbzouhaebad.html|archive-date=2011-01-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Facebook banned the group a couple of days later.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-facebook-bans-online-hate-group-on-mahatma-gandhi-1499474|title=Facebook bans online hate group on Mahatma Gandhi|work=dna}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amitabh Thakur and his wife Nutan have filed over 500 [[Right to Information Act|RTI]] applications and 150 [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigations]] (PILs).&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/meet-amitabh-thakur-the-activist-cop-who-stood-up-to-mighty-mulayam-768835.html|title=Meet Amitabh Thakur, the 'activist' cop who stood up to 'mighty Mulayam'|author=click to open|work=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt; A number of PILs filed by the Thakurs resulted in action.<br /> <br /> == As a writer ==<br /> <br /> Thakur has authored a story book in Hindi, ''Dhal Gayi Raat'', and has compiled two collections of poems ''Jaisa Maine Jana Hai'' and ''Aatmadarsh''.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18_meet_2015&quot;/&gt; His book ''Fresh Brew – Chronicles of Business and Freedom'', co-authored with Amit Haralalka, traces the careers of 25 IIM Lucknow alumni who turned entrepreneurs. His book ''Cyber Crime (Hindi साइबर क्राइम)'' co-authored with S H Zaidi is possibly the first book on Cyber Crime in Hindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110403/spectrum/book6.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune – Books |work=The Express Tribune }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Azad Adhikar Sena==<br /> <br /> Azad Adhikar Sena (आजाद अधिकार सेना in Hindi), also known by its short name AAS (आस in Hindi), is an unregistered political party in India, which is presently undergoing the process of registration before the [[Election Commission of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Adhikar Sena&quot;/&gt; It was initiated by Amitabh Thakur, his wife Dr [[Nutan Thakur]] and others in August 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rediff&quot;/&gt; The process stopped after Amitabh's arrest. Its formation was resumedafter his release from Jail in March 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/rape-victim-s-suicide-hc-grants-bail-to-former-ips-officer-amitabh-thakur-101647269232903.html|title=Rape victim's suicide: HC grants bail to former IPS officer Amitabh Thakur|work=Hindustan Times|date=14 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2022, the formation of Adhikar Sena was again announced.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Political Party 'Adhikar Sena' formed by Ex- IPS |url=https://jubileepost.in/en/political-party-adhikar-sena-formed-by-ex-ips/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Jubilee Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ETV Bharat&quot;/&gt; He said the primary aim of Adhikar Sena is to instill the feeling and concept that all the powers (Adhikar) and authorities lie in the citizen of India, as bestowed through the Constitution of India and various laws of the Land.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://adhikarsena.in/about-us/|title=About Adhikar Sena|date=22 July 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Currently, the Party is in process of getting registered in Election Commission of India.<br /> <br /> The Basic philosophy of Azad Adhikar Sena is Belief in Democratic Values and Constitution of India and Belief in Power of the Individual (Aam Nagrik ka Adhikar).<br /> <br /> After its formation, Azad Adhikar Sena has been expanding and working in various areas of India, with particular focus on [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It has been making its presence felt through various interventions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/ballia/adhikar-sena-demands-action-against-kotwal-ballia-news-vns6811383149|title=अधिकार सेना ने की कोतवाल के खिलाफ कार्रवाई की मांग|work=Amar Ujala}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/varanasi-police-commissionerate-officers-saving-gangsters-the-convener-of-adhikar-sena-said-the-criminal-declared-absconding-for-20-months-is-roaming-freely-130498338.html|title=गैंगस्टर को बचा रहे वाराणसी पुलिस कमिश्नरेट के अफसर|work=Dainik Bhaskar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> <br /> Amitabh Thakur is married to political and social activist Dr [[Nutan Thakur]]. His brother is [[Avinash Kumar]], an IAS officer in Jharkhand.<br /> <br /> Amitabh has two children – a daughter named Tanaya and a son named Aditya, both law graduates. While Tanaya graduated from National Law University Patna, Aditya graduated from National Law University Lucknow. Tanaya is married to Vineet Kumar, an [[Indian Foreign Service]] officer.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Nutan Thakur]], Advocate, activist and active member, Azad Adhikar Sena<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Amitabh}}<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Muzaffarpur]]<br /> [[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Institute of Management Lucknow alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh Police]]<br /> [[Category:Indian anti-corruption activists]]<br /> [[Category:Activists from Bihar]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1950%E2%80%9351_Ranji_Trophy&diff=481766 2026-02-22T13:43:05Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket tournament<br /> | name = 1950–51 Ranji Trophy<br /> | image = Ranji_trophy.jpg <br /> | imagesize = 350px<br /> | caption = The Ranji Trophy <br /> | administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]<br /> | cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]<br /> | tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]<br /> | fromdate = <br /> | todate = <br /> | champions = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]<br /> | count = 3<br /> | participants = 20<br /> | matches = <br /> | attendance =<br /> | player of the series =<br /> | most runs = [[Chandu Sarwate]] (Holkar) (699)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1950/51 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1950-51/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | most wickets = Iqbal Karan (Services) (33)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1950/51 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1950-51/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website =<br /> | previous_year = 1949–50<br /> | previous_tournament = 1949–50 Ranji Trophy<br /> | next_year = 1951–52<br /> | next_tournament = 1951–52 Ranji Trophy<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''1950–51 Ranji Trophy''' was the 17th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] won the title defeating [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] in the final.<br /> <br /> ==Zonal Matches==<br /> <br /> ===East Zone===<br /> {{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team 1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 125px<br /> | score-width = 80px<br /> &lt;!-- Round 1--&gt;<br /> |9 Dec 1950 – Cuttack|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]|121 &amp; 128|'''[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]'''|'''443'''<br /> |||||<br /> |6 Jan 1951 – Dehradun|'''[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]'''|'''451/5d'''|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]|175 &amp; 68<br /> |||||<br /> &lt;!-- Round 2 --&gt;<br /> |27 Jan 1951 – Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|152 &amp; 362|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''171 &amp; 493'''<br /> |10 Jan 1951 – Dehradun|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|90 &amp; 70/5|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''248 &amp; 501'''<br /> &lt;!-- Round 3 --&gt;<br /> |16 Feb 1951 – Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|447|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''515 &amp; 153/1'''<br /> &lt;!-- exclude matches --&gt;<br /> |skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=yes<br /> |RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}<br /> <br /> === South Zone ===<br /> {{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team v v1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 125px<br /> | score-width = 80px<br /> &lt;!-- Round 1 --&gt;<br /> |22 Dec 1950 – Nagpur|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]|151 &amp; 226|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''308 &amp; 73/7'''<br /> |19 Dec 1950 – Bangalore|[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]|325 &amp; 312/8d|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''463 &amp; 110/3'''<br /> &lt;!-- Round 2 --&gt;<br /> |26 Jan 1951 – Hyderabad|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''353 &amp; 125/3'''|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|161 &amp; 316<br /> |RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}<br /> <br /> === North Zone ===<br /> {{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team v v1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 125px<br /> | score-width = 80px<br /> &lt;!-- Round 1 --&gt;<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> |9 Dec 1950 – Amritsar|[[Eastern Punjab cricket team|Eastern Punjab]]|131 &amp; 199|'''[[Services cricket team|Services]]'''|'''282 &amp; 52/0'''<br /> &lt;!-- Round 2 --&gt;<br /> |26 Dec 1950 – Patiala|'''[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]'''|'''370 &amp; 132/3'''|[[Rajputana cricket team|Rajputana]]|100 &amp; 398<br /> |6 Jan 1951 – Delhi|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|141 &amp; 233|'''[[Services cricket team|Services]]'''|'''412/8d'''<br /> &lt;!-- Round 3 --&gt;<br /> |27 Jan 1951 – Patiala|[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]|302 &amp; 219|'''[[Services cricket team|Services]]'''|'''536'''<br /> &lt;!-- exclude matches --&gt;<br /> |skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=no<br /> |RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}<br /> <br /> === West Zone ===<br /> {{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team v v1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 125px<br /> | score-width = 80px<br /> &lt;!-- Round 1 --&gt;<br /> |||||<br /> |18 Dec 1950 – Rajkot|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]|211 &amp; 164|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''402'''<br /> |||||<br /> |||||<br /> &lt;!-- Round 2 --&gt;<br /> |10 Jan 1951 – Ahmedabad|'''[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]'''|'''190 &amp; 56/4'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|98 &amp; 147<br /> |22 Dec 1950 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''725/8d'''|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|195 &amp; 341/6<br /> &lt;!-- Round 3 --&gt;<br /> |24 Feb 1951 – Ahmedabad|'''[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]'''|'''505'''|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|229 &amp; 110<br /> &lt;!-- exclude matches --&gt;<br /> |skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=yes<br /> |RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}<br /> <br /> ==Inter-Zonal Knockout matches==<br /> {{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap<br /> &lt;!-- Date–Place/Team 1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --&gt;<br /> | seed-width = 25px<br /> | team-width = 125px<br /> | score-width = 80px<br /> &lt;!-- semi finals --&gt;<br /> |26 Feb 1951 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''757'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|277 &amp; 274<br /> |10 Mar 1951 – Ahmedabad|'''[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]'''|'''429'''|[[Services cricket team|Services]]|134 &amp; 129<br /> &lt;!-- final --&gt;<br /> |17 Mar 1951 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''429 &amp; 443'''|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|327 &amp; 356<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Semi-final===<br /> <br /> ====1st Semi-final====<br /> {{Test match<br /> | date = 26 February – 1 March 1951<br /> | team2 = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] (H)<br /> | team1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 277 (106.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ali Hussain (cricketer)|Ali Hussain]] 121<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Arjun Naidu]] 4/48 (17.2 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 757 (232.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Khandu Rangnekar]] 217<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ghulam Ahmed (cricketer)|Ghulam Ahmed]] 4/245 (92.3 overs)<br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 274 (93.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ali Hussain (cricketer)|Ali Hussain]] 70<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Arjun Naidu]] 4/91 (29 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns2 = <br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = <br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = <br /> | result = Holkar won by an innings 206 runs<br /> | venue = [[Yeshwant Club|Yeshwant Club Ground]], [[Indore]]<br /> | umpires = <br /> | report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1950-51/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/HYD_HOLKAR_RJI-SF1_26FEB-01MAR1951.html Scorecard]<br /> | toss = <br /> | rain = <br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ====2nd Semi-final====<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 10–13 March 1951<br /> | team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] (H)<br /> | team2 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 429 (142.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gogumal Kishenchand]] 160<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Inderjit Barhoke]] 4/87 (29.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 134 (57.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Maurice Cohen (cricketer)|Maurice Cohen]] 36<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jasu Patel]] 8/53 (17.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = <br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 129 (49.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[V. M. Muddiah]] 37<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Jasu Patel]] 5/28 (11 overs)<br /> <br /> | result = Gujarat won by an innings and 166 runs<br /> | report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1950-51/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/GUJ_SVCS_RJI-SF2_10-13MAR1951.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = Police Parade Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]<br /> | umpires = <br /> | toss = <br /> | rain = <br /> | notes = [[Gogumal Kishenchand]] (Gujarat) and [[Hemu Adhikari]] (Services) passed 4,000 and 5,000 runs respectively in first-class cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gujarat v Services, Ranji Trophy 1950/51 (Semi-final) |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19652.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114091209/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19652.html |archive-date=14 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Final===<br /> {{Test match<br /> | date = 17–21 March 1951<br /> | team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] <br /> | team1 = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] (H)<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 429 (137.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Mushtaq Ali]] 187<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vinoo Mankad]] 6/132 (45.5 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 327 (138 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Gogumal Kishenchand]] 98<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Arjun Naidu]] 4/96 (36 overs)<br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 443 (185 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Chandu Sarwate]] 234<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Vinoo Mankad]] 4/135 (64 overs)<br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 356 (105 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Jasu Patel]] 152<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Hiralal Gaekwad]] 4/109 (35 overs)<br /> | result = Holkar won by 189 runs<br /> | venue = [[Yeshwant Club|Yeshwant Club Ground]], [[Indore]]<br /> | umpires = [[Bapu Joshi]] and [[M. M. Naidu]]<br /> | report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1950-51/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/HOLKAR_GUJ_RJI-FINAL_17-21MAR1951.html Scorecard]<br /> | toss = Gujarat won the toss and decided to field.<br /> | rain = <br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Scorecards and averages==<br /> *[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1950-51.html CricketArchive]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1950-51/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/ Ranji Trophy, 1950-51] at [[ESPNcricinfo]] archive<br /> <br /> {{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1950-51 Ranji Trophy}}<br /> [[Category:1950 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:1951 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]<br /> [[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1950–51]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tridha_Choudhury&diff=456304 2026-02-17T04:31:59Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Tridha Choudhury<br /> | image = Tridha Choudhury snapped during Ashram 3 promotions (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Choudhury in 2025<br /> | birth_date = &lt;!--Birthdate must be attributedsupported toby a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs. No IMDb. No public records. See WP:BLPPRIVACY--&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;Tridhawest&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-tridha-choudhury-is-a-sight-to-behold-in-her-instagram-photos/photostory/72183179.cms |title=Birthday Special! Tridha Choudhury is a sight to behold in her Instagram PHOTOS |work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2019 |access-date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | alma_mater = [[Scottish Church College]]<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years_active = 2013–present<br /> | known_for = ''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tridha Choudhury''' is an Indian actress who works primarily in Hindi, [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films and television series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tridha Choudhury Gives Golden Hour In Dubai A Fierce Touch With Her Very Own Golden Swimsuit |url=https://swirlster.ndtv.com/style/tridha-choudhury-gives-golden-hour-in-dubai-a-fierce-touch-with-her-very-own-golden-swimsuit-2870176 |website=NDTV Swirlster}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was the winner of the ''Clean &amp; Clear Times of India Freshface 2011'' contest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kolkata/Clean-Clear-Calcutta-Times-Fresh-Faces-grand-finale/articleshow/10737448.cms |title=Clean &amp; Clear Calcutta Times Fresh Face's grand finale |work=The Times of India |author=Zinia Sen |date=15 November 2011 |access-date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Choudhury made her film debut with ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'' (2013), directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]]. She later appeared in the television series ''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]'', which premiered on 14 March 2016 on [[Star Plus|StarPlus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ashram's Babita Bhabhi got her shirt opened and bold photoshoot done |url=https://news.hindian.net/entertainment/babita-bhabhi-got-her-shirt-opened-and-bold-photoshoot-done-see-picture/ |website=News Hindian |date=21 October 2022 |access-date=21 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2020, she appeared in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] series ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' and the [[MX Player]] original series ''[[Aashram]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Choudhury was born in [[Kolkata]], West Bengal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tridhawest&quot;/&gt; She studied in [[M. P. Birla Foundation Higher Secondary School]] and attended [[Scottish Church College]] in Kolkata.&lt;ref name=Crowning&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kolkata/Crowning-glory-for-rising-stars/articleshow/10737688.cms |title=Crowning glory for rising stars |work=The Times of India |date=15 November 2011 |accessdate=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is actually a micro-biologist.&lt;ref name=Tridha-Choudhury-on-Her-Acting-Career&gt;{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn4s7EwisjU |title=Tridha Choudhury On Her Acting Career |work=Youtube |date=21 August 2021 |accessdate= 18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Media ==<br /> Choudhury was ranked in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s &quot;Most Desirable Women List&quot; at No. 13 in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Times Most Desirable Women of 2020 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> <br /> === Films ===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language <br /> !Notes!! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'' || Rini || rowspan=3|[[Bengali language|Bengali]] <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2014 || ''Jodi Love Dile Na Prane'' || Aaheli <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Khaad]]'' || Meghna <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2015 || ''[[Surya vs Surya]]'' || Sanjana || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] <br /> | ||&lt;ref name=&quot;South&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=Tridha debuts in South love story |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Tridha-debuts-in-South-love-story/articleshow/21594760.cms |work=The Times of India |accessdate=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Merry Christmas'' || Riya || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Bengali<br /> | ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXuJSxFV7uQ |title=Merry Christmas, Short Film on Home Delivery Experience |date=23 December 2015 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Khawto]]'' ||Sohaag <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Manasuku Nachindi]]'' ||Nikita|| Telugu <br /> | ||&lt;ref name=South/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019 || ''[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]'' || Yasmin || Bengali <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Seven (2019 Indian film)|7]]'' || Priya || | Telugu/[[Tamil language|Tamil]] <br /> | Bilingual film||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020 || ''[[Anukunnadi Okati Ayinadi Okati]]'' || Tridha || Telugu <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Haba Goba''<br /> |Nandini<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Short film<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''Arranged''<br /> |Richa<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Arranged Review: Rithvik &amp; Tridha shine in this thought-provoking drama |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/arranged/ottmoviereview/90434182.cms |access-date=10 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> |''[[ Boomerang (2024 film)|Boomerang]]''<br /> |Radha<br /> |Bengali<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/jeet-will-be-the-hero-of-sauvik-kundus-next-two-films-dgtl/cid/1345064 |title=Jeet: প্রসেনজিতের পরেই জিৎ! শৌভিকের আগামী দু'টি ছবির নায়ক 'রাবণ'?}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2025||''[[Dil Dosti Aur Dogs]]''|| Rebecca|| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Hindi||<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |''[[So Long Valley]]''<br /> | Inspector Suman Negi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2]]''<br /> |Meera<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 ||''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]''|| Swadheenta Ramakrishnan ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 ||''Spotlight''|| Sana Sanyal<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018<br /> |''[[Shei Je Holud Pakhi]]''<br /> |Vaidehi<br /> |-<br /> |''Dulha Wanted''<br /> | Aarti <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020<br /> |''[[Aashram]]''<br /> |Babita<br /> |-<br /> |''[[The Chargesheet: Innocent or Guilty|The Chargesheet: Innocent or Guilty?]]''<br /> |Antaraa Dixit<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bandish Bandits]]''<br /> |Sandhya<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''Sin - Whispers of Guilt''<br /> |Rumi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Music video appearances ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Ref.<br /> !Singer<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |&quot;Dhokebaaz&quot;<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2022 |title=Vivek Oberoi and Tridha Choudhury come together for Jaani's new song Dhokebaaz |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vivek-oberoi-and-tridha-choudhury-come-together-for-jaanis-new-song-dhokebaaz-10615541.html |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Afsana Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023<br /> |&quot;Tere Mere&quot;<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=DRJ Records releases 'Tere Mere' by Javed-Mohsin featuring Gurmeet Choudhary &amp; Tridha Choudhary |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/drj-records-releases-tere-mere-by-javed-mohsin-featuring-gurmeet-choudhary-tridha-choudhary/articleshow/98754136.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Asees Kaur]], [[Stebin Ben]]<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Dhuan Dhuan&quot;<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=वेब सीरीज 'आश्रम' की त्रिधा चौधरी अब 'धुआं-धुआं' से मचाएंगी धमाल, इंटरनेट पर छाया अंडरवाटर VIDEO |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/viral-social-web-series-ashram-fame-tridha-choudhury-now-rock-the-internet-with-dhuan-dhuan-song-her-underwater-video-viral-5321599.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=News18 हिंदी |date=2 February 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Nakash Aziz]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|5992649}}<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Tridha}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-tv-actor-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_XUV_3XO&diff=515048 2026-02-15T15:17:09Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Subcompact crossover SUV}}<br /> {{Infobox automobile<br /> | name = Mahindra XUV 3XO<br /> | image = 2025 Mahindra XUV 3XO AX7L front.jpg<br /> | manufacturer = [[Mahindra &amp; Mahindra]]<br /> | model_code = S220<br /> | aka = <br /> | production = 2024–present (ICE) &lt;br/&gt; 2026–present (Electric)<br /> | assembly = India: [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | class = [[Subcompact crossover SUV]]<br /> | body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]<br /> | layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]<br /> | platform = X100 Platform<br /> | related = {{unbulleted list<br /> | [[Mahindra XUV300]]<br /> | [[KGM Tivoli]] <br /> }}<br /> | engine = {{unbulleted list<br /> | '''[[Petrol]]:'''<br /> | 1.2 L ''mStallion TCMPFi'' [[I3 engine|I3]] [[Turbocharger|turbo]]<br /> | 1.2 L ''mStallion T-GDi'' I3 turbo<br /> | '''[[Diesel fuel|Diesel]]:'''<br /> | 1.5 L ''4D15 CRDe'' [[I4 engine|I4]] turbo<br /> }}<br /> | transmission = 6-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]&lt;br&gt; 6-speed [[Automated manual transmission|automated manual]]&lt;br&gt;6-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br /> | wheelbase = {{convert|2600|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | length = {{convert|3995|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | width = {{convert|1821|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | height = {{convert|1617|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | weight = {{convert|1362|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | sp = uk<br /> | predecessor = [[Mahindra XUV300]] (pre-facelift)<br /> | caption = 2025 Mahindra XUV3XO (Australia)<br /> }}<br /> The '''Mahindra XUV 3XO''' is a [[subcompact crossover SUV]] produced by the Indian automaker [[Mahindra &amp; Mahindra]], based on the X100 platform of [[Mahindra XUV300]]. It has been sold in the Indian market since 29 April 2024. In mid-2024, it also went on sale in South Africa, followed by Australia in July 2025. XUV 3XO is the [[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]] of the [[Mahindra XUV300]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cardekho.com/india-car-news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-launched-prices-start-at-rs-749-lakh-32419.htm|title=Mahindra XUV 3XO Launched, Prices Start At Rs 7.49 Lakh|date=2024-04-29|access-date=2024-04-30|website=CarDekho}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.carwale.com/news/2024-mahindra-xuv-3xo-launched-variants-explained/|title=2024 Mahindra XUV 3XO launched: Variants explained|date=2024-04-29|access-date=2024-04-30|website=CarWale}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=HT Auto |date=2024-06-21 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO clocks 10,000 sales in first month, petrol variants in demand |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/cars/mahindra-xuv-3xo-clocks-10-000-sales-in-first-month-petrol-variants-in-demand-41718948446540.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=HT Auto |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO Set to Take EV Route, Production to Start By November 2024 |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/mahindra-xuv-3xo-set-to-take-ev-route-production-to-start-by-november-2024-8957640.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The electric variant called '''Mahindra XUV3XO EV''' was launched on 6 January 2026.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> [[File:2025 Mahindra XUV 3XO AX7L rear.jpg|thumb|Rear view|left]]<br /> The Mahindra XUV 3XO was introduced in April 2024 as a facelift of XUV300 model. The XUV 3XO comes with enhanced engine options, a refreshed design, and new technology features aimed at catering to the needs of both urban and off-road drivers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=Made-in-India Mahindra XUV 3XO launched in South Africa: Gets these changes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/made-in-india-mahindra-xuv-3xo-launched-in-south-africa-gets-these-changes/articleshow/113518665.cms |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO Waiting Period Goes up to 6 Months in India |url=https://www.autox.com/news/industry-news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-waiting-period-goes-up-to-6-months-in-india-118445/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=autoX |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Test driving Mahindra XUV 3XO: Much better package than Maruti Brezza {{!}} Team-BHP |url=https://www.team-bhp.com/news/test-driving-mahindra-xuv-3xo-much-better-package-maruti-brezza |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Team-BHP.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Clear|left}}<br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> The XUV 3XO has a seating capacity for 5 passengers and a boot space of 364 litres. It has a {{Convert|42|L|gal}} fuel tank, and a mini spare wheel. It has a McPherson strut front suspension with an anti-roll bar, and a torsion beam suspension with coil springs in the rear. Its turning radius is {{Convert|5.3|m|ft}}.<br /> <br /> ==Variants==<br /> The XUV 3XO is available in multiple variants:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Saptarshi |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO waiting period stretches up to six months |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-waiting-period-stretches-up-to-six-months-432852 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Autocar India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO: Variants Explained |url=https://www.carandbike.com/news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-variants-explained-3212947 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=carandbike |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-07-12 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO REVX series launched |url=https://informlatest.com/mahindra-launches-new-xuv-3xo-revx-suv-series/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * MX Series: Includes MX1, MX2, MX2 Pro, MX3, and MX3 Pro.<br /> * AX Series: Includes AX5, AX5 Luxury, AX7, and AX7 Luxury variants.<br /> * REVX Series: Includes REVX M, REVX M(O), and REVX A.<br /> <br /> The top-end variant, AX7 Luxury, features a panoramic sunroof, advanced [[In-car entertainment|infotainment]] options, and a full suite of safety features including [[Advanced driver-assistance system|ADAS]].<br /> <br /> In Australia, only the AX5L and AX7L variants, all with the Petrol 1.2L TCMPFi engine, are available.<br /> <br /> ==Powertrain==<br /> The Mahindra XUV 3XO is available with three engine options, two 1.2{{Nbsp}}L turbocharged petrol three-cylinders or a 1.5{{Nbsp}}L turbodiesel four-cylinder.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO vs rivals: Powertrain specs compared |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-vs-rivals-powertrain-specs-compared/3472602/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ackodrive |first=Team |date=2024-08-26 |title=Mahindra 3XO Variants Explained: A Detailed Breakdown |url=https://ackodrive.com/car-guide/mahindra-3xo-variants-explained/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=AckoDrive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO launch in India today, price, features, specs, other details |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/cars/story/mahindra-xuv-3xo-launch-in-india-today-price-features-specs-other-details-2532854-2024-04-29 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The base engine is a [[Port injection|port-injected]] version of the petrol three-cylinder which produces {{Convert|82|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} and {{Convert|200.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} of torque. The diesel engine has [[common rail]] direct injection and produces {{Convert|85.8|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} and {{Convert|300.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} of torque. The [[Gasoline direct injection|direct injected]] and [[Intercooler|intercooled]] petrol engine is only available on higher grades, and outputs {{Convert|96|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} and {{Convert|230.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} of torque.<br /> The petrol engines are offered with a choice of 6-speed manual or an [[Aisin]] sourced 6-speed torque converter automatic transmission, while the diesel engine can be had with a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automated manual transmission marketed as 'AutoSHIFT+'.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Engines<br /> !Engine<br /> !Fuel<br /> !Power<br /> !Torque<br /> !ARAI Fuel Consumption (manual/auto)<br /> |-<br /> |mStallion 1.2{{Nbsp}}L TCMPFi 3-cylinder<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Petrol<br /> |{{Convert|82|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} @5000rpm<br /> |{{Convert|200.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} @1500-3500rpm<br /> |{{Convert|18.89|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}/{{Convert|17.96|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}<br /> |-<br /> |mStallion 1.2{{Nbsp}}L TGDi intercooled 3-cylinder<br /> |{{Convert|96|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} @5000rpm<br /> |{{Convert|230.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} @1500-3750rpm<br /> |{{Convert|20.1|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}/{{Convert|18.2|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}<br /> |-<br /> |4D15 1.5{{Nbsp}}L CRDe 4-cylinder<br /> |Diesel<br /> |{{Convert|85.8|kW|PS hp|abbr=unit}} @3750rpm<br /> |{{Convert|300.|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=unit}} @1500-2500rpm<br /> |{{Convert|20.6|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}/{{Convert|21.2|km/L|mpgU.S. L/100km|abbr=unit}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Features==<br /> The XUV 3XO is equipped with a host of features, including:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO Is Now Available In South Africa: Price, Design, Features, Powertrain Explained - ZigWheels |url=https://www.zigwheels.com/news-features/general-news/made-in-india-mahindra-xuv-3xo-now-available-in-south-africa-with-a-few-tweaks/54315/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=ZigWheels.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-30 |title=Mahindra XUV 3XO launched: Now in pictures |url=https://www.carwale.com/news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-launched-now-in-pictures/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=CarWale |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * '''Interior''': [[Panoramic sunroof]], dual-zone [[climate control]], two 10.25-inch displays for infotainment and driver’s display, wireless charging, and a cooled glove box.<br /> * '''Exterior''': [[Headlamp#LED|LED projector headlamps]], C-shaped LED [[Daylight running lamp|DRLs]], and a bold front grille with chrome accents.<br /> * '''Safety''': Six [[airbag]]s, [[Anti-lock Braking System]] (ABS) with [[Electronic Brakeforce Distribution]] (EBD), [[Electronic Stability Control]] (ESC), and a suite of Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) like [[adaptive cruise control]] and [[Lane departure warning system#Lane keeping and next technologies|lane-keeping assist]].<br /> <br /> == Safety ==<br /> The XUV 3XO for India was rated 5 stars for both adults and infants by [[Bharat NCAP]] in 2024 (based on [[Latin NCAP]] 2016).<br /> {{Bharat NCAP<br /> |year=2024<br /> |description=Mahindra XUV 3XO<br /> |reference_code=mahindra-xuv-3xo<br /> |adult_stars=5<br /> |adult_points=29.36<br /> |child_stars=5<br /> |child_points=43.00<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * [https://auto.mahindra.com/suv/xuv3xo Mahindra XUV 3XO]<br /> <br /> {{Mahindra and Mahindra vehicles}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mahindra vehicles|XUV 3XO]]<br /> [[Category:Cars introduced in 2024]]<br /> [[Category:Subcompact crossover sport utility vehicles]]<br /> [[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]<br /> [[Category:Bharat NCAP]]<br /> [[Category:Global NCAP small family cars]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yogaraj_Bhat&diff=474660 2026-02-12T06:21:26Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: brief improve structure additionally and corrected details based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Kannada filmmaker}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Yogaraj Bhat<br /> | image =Yogaraj.jpeg<br /> | image size = <br /> | caption = Bhat in 2012<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|10|08|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Mandarthi]], [[Udupi district]], [[Karnataka]], India<br /> | occupation = Director, lyricist, producer, screenwriter and actor<br /> | spouse = Renuka Bhat<br /> | relatives = <br /> | yearsactive = 2001–present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Yogaraj Bhat''' (born 8 October 1972) is an Indian film-maker, director,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/parapancha-movie-review-live-audience-response-663327%7Ctitle=Parapancha%20movie%20review:%20Live%20audience%20response|title=Parapancha movie review: Live audience response|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|newspaper=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en|access-date=2016-11-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; screenwriter,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://southscope.in/kannada/news/yogaraj-bhat-turns-choreographer-pancharangi%20YogarajBhat%20turns%20choreographer%20for%20Pancharangi%5D%20%7B%7Bwayback%7Curl=http://southscope.in/kannada/news/yogaraj-bhat-turns-choreographer-pancharangi|title=SouthScope – One Stop Site For South Indian Cinema|website=SouthScope|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; lyricist and producer who primarily works in [[Kannada cinema]]. He is most known for the 2006 film ''[[Mungaru Male]]''. The film recorded the highest box-office collections in the history of [[Kannada cinema]] at the time of its release and the longest running film at a [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Did you know? 'Mungaru Male' was the first film to cross Rs 50 crore at the box office as well as run for a year in a multiplex - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-mungaru-male-was-the-first-film-to-cross-rs-50-crore-at-the-box-office-as-well-as-run-for-a-year-in-a-multiplex/articleshow/75402151.cms|access-date=2021-10-19|website=The Times of India|date=27 April 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Yogaraj Bhat was born in [[Mandarthi]], in [[Udupi district]] in [[Karnataka]]. He grew up in [[Tilavalli]], [[Haveri district|Haveri]]. He was the youngest son of Ramachandra and Jayalakshmi Bhat's seven children. He lost his father to a boat mishap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-27|title=Yogaraj Bhat: A game changer|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-your-bond-with-bengaluru/yogaraj-bhat-a-game-changer-725486.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> {{Promotional|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> ===Director===<br /> His film ''[[Mungaru Male]]'' collected estimated 50-75 [[crore]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ganesh-bal-the-outsider-on-the-inside-1678970|title=Ganesh Bal: The outsider on the inside {{!}} Latest News &amp; Updates at Daily News &amp; Analysis|date=2012-04-22|newspaper=dna|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2010/pancharangi-record-mungaru-male-070910.html|title=Will Pancharangi break the records of Mungaru Male?|date=2010-09-07|newspaper=www.filmibeat.com|access-date=2016-11-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mybangalore.com/article/1010/superstars-of-the-kannada-film-industry.html|title=Kannada Fim Industry {{!}} Famous Actors {{!}} Puneet Rajkumar {{!}} Ganesh {{!}} Ramya {{!}} Sudeep|website=www.mybangalore.com|access-date=2016-11-17|archive-date=24 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724104058/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/1010/superstars-of-the-kannada-film-industry.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> this was his third film, created history in Southern Film Industry. The film ran for 464 days – first in any language to run for a whole year continually in a multiplex, beating the records of the biggest Hindi Film Industry records. It naturally brought him many rewards, awards and appreciations, including Nine State Film Awards (including Best Director and Best Film Award) and Four [[Filmfare Awards]] (Best Film, Best Music, Best Lyrics and Best Cinematography). The movie has been remade in all South Indian languages &amp; Bengali. The rights for the movie to be made in Hindi has been bought by Shri. [[Boney Kapoor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title='Mungaru' to be remade in hindi soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/mungaru-to-be-remade-in-hindi-soon/articleshow/4766195.cms|access-date=2021-10-19|website=The Times of India|date=12 July 2009 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also directed ''[[Gaalipata]]'', ''[[Manasaare|Manasare]]'', ''[[Pancharangi]]'', ''[[Paramathma (film)|Paramatma]]'', ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]]'', ''[[Vaastu Prakaara|Vaastu Prakara]],'' ''[[Dana Kayonu]]'', ''[[Mugulu Nage]]'' and others.<br /> <br /> === Lyricist ===<br /> Yogaraj Bhat has worked as lyricist in many Kannada movies ''[[Mungaru Male]], [[Gaalipata]], [[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]], [[Jackie (2010 film)|Jackie]], [[Manasaare]], [[Pancharangi]], [[Paramathma (film)|Paramatma]], [[Victory (2013 film)|Victory]], [[Hudugaru]], [[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]], [[Kaddipudi]], [[Bachchan (2013 film)|Bachchan]], [[Adyaksha|Adhyaksha]], [[Gajakesari]], [[Raja Huli|Rajahuli]]'' and others.<br /> <br /> He won [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]], Karnataka State Award for the song, '''Bombe Aadsonu''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' from the film ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]]''.{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:50px;&quot;|Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Film<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Credited as <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=65 | Director<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=65 | Producer<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=65 | Writer<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=65 | Lyricist<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Notes<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''Chakra''<br /> | {{yes}}<br /> |<br /> | {{yes}}<br /> |<br /> | Television series<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Mani (Kannada film)|Mani]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Ranga S.S.L.C]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Mungaru Male]]''<br /> | {{yes}}<br /> | <br /> | {{yes}}<br /> | {{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Gaalipata]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Inthi Ninna Preethiya]]''<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Manasaare]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Pancharangi]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Prema Chandrama]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Paramathma (film)|Paramathma]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Lifeu Ishtene]]''<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Dyavre]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Kwatle Satisha]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Vaastu Prakaara]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Dana Kayonu]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Mugulu Nage]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Panchatantra (film)|Panchatantra]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> || 2022<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[Gaalipata 2]]'' <br /> |{{yes}}<br /> | <br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yogaraj-bhat-finally-announces-galipata-2/articleshow/67610884.cms|title=galipata-2 in timesofindia|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 January 2018|access-date=20 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |2023<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''[[Garadi (film)|Garadi]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{partial|Screenplay}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | 2024<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''[[Karataka Damanaka]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Y Maheswara Reddy|date=Aug 25, 2023 |title=Almost ready |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/almost-ready/articleshow/103034417.cms |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |rowspan=2| 2025<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''[[Manada Kadalu]]''<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |{{yes}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Y Maheswara Reddy|date=Mar 31, 2025 |title=Yogaraj Bhat's next titled Manada Kadalu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Nov/30/dd%7D%7D-31 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Udaala]]''<br /> | ||{{yes}} || {{Partial|Dialogues}} || ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === As actor ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Dyavre]]'' || Bhimsen || Lead role ||&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Dyavre/amp_movie_review/27036061.cms Dyavre movie review, Times of India]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Parapancha]]''|| Kaalipeeli ||<br /> ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2019 || ''[[Bell Bottom (2019 film)|Bell Bottom]]''|| Marakutika || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Padde Huli]]'' || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Cameo appearance || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Paddehuli Movie Review &amp;#123;3/5&amp;#125;: Critic Review of Paddehuli by Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/paddehuli/movie-review/68952682.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]'' || Guptananda Swamiji ||<br /> |-<br /> |2022 ||''[[Lucky Man (2022 film)|Lucky Man]]'' ||Himself ||<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> | ''[[South Indian Hero]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Udaala]]''<br /> |<br /> |Cameo appearance <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[Uttarakaanda (film)|Uttarakaanda]]†''<br /> |Patila<br /> |Filming<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Yogaraj Bhat: ಡಾಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಕಾಂಡಕ್ಕೆ ಎಂಟ್ರಿಕೊಟ್ಟ ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್! ಪಾಟೀಲನಾಗಿ ಎಡಗೈಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸೆಲ್ಯೂಟ್ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/sandalwood-actor-director-yogararaj-bhat-in-uttarakaanda-movie-rvj-dvp-1661225.html |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=News18 ಕನ್ನಡ |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> * 2013 – won [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada]] for the song &quot;''Bombe Adsonu''&quot; from his own directorial film ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]].''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131010034223/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/filmfare-awards-south-the-complete-list-of-winners/408186-71-177.html Filmfare Awards (South): The complete list of winners – IBNLive]. Ibnlive.in.com (21 July 2013). Retrieved on 16 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2013 – won the Bangalore Times Film Awards in &quot;Best Lyricist&quot; category for the song &quot;''Bombe Adsonu''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Bangalore-Times-Film-Awards-2012-goes-to--/articleshow/21893862.cms Bangalore Times Film Awards 2012 goes to... – The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 August 2013). Retrieved on 16 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{commons category}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name| id=1680229}}<br /> <br /> {{Yogaraj Bhat}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, Yogaraj}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada-language lyricists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Indian songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Haveri district]]<br /> [[Category:Mangaloreans]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:1972 births]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapila_Hingorani&diff=508410 2026-02-07T23:24:46Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: new stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use British English|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Kapila Hingorani<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 27 December 1927<br /> | birth_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]<br /> | death_date = 31 December 2013<br /> | death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br /> | death_cause = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = [[lawyer]]<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = [[Prison reform]] <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = 3<br /> <br /> }}<br /> '''Pushpa Kapila Hingorani''' was an Indian lawyer who is regarded as &quot;Mother of Public Interest Litigation&quot; ([[Public interest litigation in India|PIL]]).<br /> <br /> As per then prevailing laws, a petition could be filed only by a victim or a relative. Kapila and her husband Nirmal Hingorani wanted to represent the undertrial prisoners in [[Bihar]]. The couple acting on a novel idea, filed a [[habeas corpus]] petition on the prisoners’ behalf before the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Two weeks after Kapila argued the case in court, the Supreme Court issued a notice to the Bihar government, which led to the release of all the victims in the case, and eventually about 40,000 undertrials across the country. The landmark case came to be known as the ''Hussainara Khatoon case 1979''.&lt;ref name=case&gt;{{cite web|title=Hussainara Khatoon &amp; Ors vs Home Secretary, State Of Bihar|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1373215/|website=indiankanoon.org|publisher=Supreme Court of India|accessdate=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hussainara was one of the six women prisoners. This earned her the title the &quot;Mother of PILs&quot;.&lt;ref name=IE&gt;{{cite web|last1=Sinha|first1=Nidhi|title=In Public Interest|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/in-public-interest/|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|accessdate=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The spark that lit the PIL fire|url=http://www.tehelka.com/the-spark-that-lit-the-pil-fire/|archive-date=14 May 2014|access-date=6 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514175546/http://www.tehelka.com/the-spark-that-lit-the-pil-fire/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This case gave rise to a revolution in the Indian legal system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Finding the Roots of India's PIL Revolution|url=http://law.gsu.edu/ccunningham/PDF/RootsOfPIL.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; She also revealed the [[1980 Bhagalpur blindings|Bhagalpur Blindings]], resulting in the Supreme Court directing that the policemen who tortured 33 criminals be prosecuted and the victims released with medical aid and pension for life. She is the first Indian woman to have studied at [[Cardiff Law School]]. A plaque has been erected in her honour at [[Aberdare Hall]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pioneer in law returns to Cardiff|url=http://www.law.cf.ac.uk/alumni/newsletter/2005/sep/sept5b.html|access-date=6 November 2013|archive-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112123934/http://www.law.cf.ac.uk/alumni/newsletter/2005/sep/sept5b.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kapila also undertook the petition where police had blinded 33 suspected criminals using needles and acid, after a lawyer from Bihar wrote to her about the atrocities. Eventually, the Supreme Court ordered medical aid, compensation and pension for life to all the victims.&lt;ref name=IE /&gt;<br /> <br /> Kapila died on 31 December 2013 at the age of 86.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Mother of PIL' Kapila Hingorani dies at the age of 86|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mother-of-PIL-Kapila-Hingorani-dies-at-the-age-of-86/articleshow/28252671.cms|accessdate=2 January 2014|newspaper=Times of India|date=2 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, she became the first female lawyer with a portrait in India's Supreme Court library.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oddnaari.in/news/story/kapila-hingorani-first-woman-in-supreme-court-library-portrait-chief-justic-deepak-misra-mahatma-gandhi-kenya-126836-2017-12-06|title=Did you know that the first woman lawyer to have her portrait in SC library abolished devdasi system in Kerala?|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hingorani, Kapila}}<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]<br /> [[Category:2013 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]<br /> [[Category:1927 births]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Olympus_Mascarenhas&diff=503220 2026-02-07T22:53:19Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: new a page</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian catholic priest (1905–1973)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Hubert Olympus Mascarenhas<br /> | birth_date = {{circa|1905}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Porvorim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1973|2|9|1905|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Bombay]], (now Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Hubert Olympus Mascarenhas''' (1905 in [[Porvorim]], [[Goa]] – 9 February 1973 at [[Mumbai]]), was a Catholic priest belonging to the [[Archdiocese of Bombay]], indologist of repute, and nationalist.&lt;ref&gt;J. Clement Vaz, ''Profiles of Eminent Goans, past and present'' (Concept Publishing, 1997) 124.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Mascarenhas did his early ecclesiastical studies at the Pontifical Seminary in [[Kandy]], [[Sri Lanka]]. In [[Rome]], at the University of the Propaganda Fide, he took a licentiate in Canon Law as well as PhD. He was ordained in Rome in 1934, at the age of 29. Returning to Mumbai, he obtained an M.A. in English, an M.A. in Sanskrit, and a PhD in history at the [[University of Bombay]].&lt;ref&gt;Vaz 124.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> ===Teaching===<br /> Mascarenhas was appointed post-graduate teacher of Ancient Indian History and Culture at the University of Bombay, and Professor of Indian Philosophy for M.A. students at the [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. His &quot;''The Quintessence of Hinduism: The Key to Indian Culture and Philosophy&quot;'' was widely acclaimed.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Vaz 125.&lt;/ref&gt; He is one of [[Richard De Smet]]'s predecessors in a 'realist' interpretation of Sankara.&lt;ref&gt;R. De Smet, ''Understanding Sankara'' ch. 27.&lt;/ref&gt; For almost 12 years (late 1940s and early 1950s) he also served as Principal of St Sebastian Goan High School, Dabul.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Scholarly work===<br /> He proposed a theory of [[pre-Portuguese Christianity in Goa]]. Jose Cosme Costa reports that Mascarenhas even proposed that there were Christian temples dedicated to the persons of the Trinity: Abanath / Bhutnath (Father Lord), Ravalnath (from Rabboni – Rabulna – Rabulnath) / Bhai rav (Brother Lord), and Atman / Bhavka Devta, Santeri, Ajadevi (Spirit).&lt;ref&gt;See Mascarenhas, ''Konkannachem Apostolik Kristanvponn'' cited by J. Cosme Costa, ''Apostolic Christianity in Goa and in the West Coast'' (Pilar, Goa: Xavierian Publication Society, 2009) 67-68. Also Hubert O Mascarenhas, interview with the Editor of ''New Leader'' which appeared in the Silver Jubilee Souvenir of the Archdiocese of Tellicherry, 1970, see http://thenazrani.org/feasts9.htm.&lt;/ref&gt; A recent archaeological discovery of a [[Saint Thomas Christian cross|Thomas Cross]] hidden in a smallish monument, surmounted by a Latin Cross, near the old Goa harbour lends support to this thesis. The Cross bears an inscription in [[Pahlavi scripts|Pahlavi]], which, Costa reports, was the liturgical language of the church associated with the Metropolitan of [[Fars province|Fars]] (Persia).&lt;ref&gt;Costa 35. See also http://nasrani.net/2008/02/29/analogical-review-on-st-thomas-cross-the-symbol-of-nasranis/; ''Jornada of Dom Alexis de Menezes: A Portuguese account of the Sixteenth century Malabar'', ed. Pius Malekandathil (LRC Publications, 2003); Pius Malekandathil, &quot;St. Thomas Christians and the Indian Ocean AD 52 to AD 1500,&quot; ''Ephrem's Theological Journal'' 5/2 (2001); John Stewart, ''Nestorian Missionary Enterprise: The Story of a Church on Fire'' (Gorgias Press LLC, 2007), which details how the Nestorians had a presence in India that went far beyond Malabar (Patna, Goa, Bombay, Gujarat, and even Benares.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He also participated in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] movement in Mumbai, and did work for the Konkani Bhasha Mandal.&lt;ref&gt;Vaz 124-125.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Nationalism===<br /> As an indologist and a linguist, Mascarenhas attracted the attention of nationalist leaders such as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], Kaka Kalelkar and S.S. Mulgaonkar. His patriotism and espousal of Indian nationalism brought him into conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities.&lt;ref&gt;Vaz 125-126.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> ===Primary===<br /> *''The Quintessence of Hinduism: The Key to Indian Culture and Philosophy.'' Bombay: St Sebastian Goan High School, 1951.<br /> *''Konkannachem Apostolik Kristanvponn''. Rendered into Kannada script by A.A. Saldanha. Dabul, Bombay: Betal Prakashan, 1960. <br /> *Interview with the Editor of ''New Leader,'' reprinted in the ''Silver Jubilee Souvenir of the Archdiocese of Tellicherry'', 1970&lt;ref&gt;http://thenazrani.org/feasts9.htm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Secondary===<br /> *[[Richard De Smet|De Smet, Richard]]. &quot;Sankara Vedanta and Christian Theology,&quot; ''Review of Darshana'' 1/1 (1980) 33-48 = ''Understanding Sankara: Essays by Richard De Smet'' (New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, forthcoming) ch. 27.<br /> *Costa, Cosme Jose. ''Apostolic Christianity in Goa and in the West Coast.'' Pilar, Goa: Xavierian Publication Society, 2009.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mascarenhas, Hubert Olympus}}<br /> [[Category:1905 births]]<br /> [[Category:1973 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Indologists]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Goa]]<br /> [[Category:People from Porvorim]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._Sarangapani&diff=466360 2026-02-04T21:07:29Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: minor fix section based on references and corrected details after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = K. Sarangapani<br /> | image = KSarangapani.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = K. Sarangapani in the 1951 film ''[[Mohana Sundaram]]''<br /> | birth_name = Kumbakonam Sarangapani<br /> | birth_date = 1904<br /> | birth_place = [[Kumbakonam]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = 1984&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2013/08/29/k-sarangkapani/|title=K. Sarangapani Comedian|date=29 August 2013|access-date=2017-09-14|publisher=antrukandamugam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | death_place = [[Madras]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 1935–1968<br /> | spouse = Thaiyalnayaki<br /> }}<br /> {{family name hatnote|Kumbakonam|Sarangapani|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}'''Kumbakonam Sarangapani''' (1904-1984) was an Indian actor who worked mainly in [[Tamil cinema]]. Though primarily a [[comedian]], he occasionally played roles of hero and villain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna2.htm |title=1937-1944 |access-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917185055/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna2.htm |archive-date=17 September 2008 |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/k-sarangapani/filmography.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218001313/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/k-sarangapani/filmography.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2013|title=Check out lists of Movies by #KSarangapani #Filmography}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> Sarangapani was born in 1904 in Kumbakonam, Tanjore district. His parents were Shivakolunthu and Jagadambal. Sarangapani was the youngest of his three brothers Periya Rajanna (Artist), Thambussamy (Mrudangam Vidwaan), Chinna Rajanna (Nadaswara Vidwaan) and his Sister Ambaal Ammal.<br /> <br /> Sarangapani was married to Thayalnayaki. He had three sons and a daughter. As a follower of the freedom movement, he named his children as Gandhi Padamanbhan, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Bhaskara Patel and Subash Chandra Bose.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}<br /> <br /> == Drama ==<br /> <br /> Belonging to a family involved in music performance, his love towards arts was in his genes. At the age of seven, Sarangapani had wandered behind a drama advertising bullock cart and joined Jagannatha Iyer Company. It was here he learned to sing, dance and act. During his early days, he mostly performed &quot;Stree part&quot; – a woman role. Later, he started acting in comedy and lead roles in various dramas.<br /> <br /> He moved from Jagannatha Iyer Company and Joined Nawab Rajamanikyam Pillai Company. This company traveled the length and breadth of the state and also to Sri Lanka to perform various dramas.<br /> <br /> Sarangapani got his break in movies while performing for Devi Bala Vinoda Sangeeta Sabha in Coimbatore. Though he became busy in movies, he never stopped performing in dramas.<br /> <br /> == Hero and Villain ==<br /> <br /> Though Sarangapani has acted as a comedian in most of the films, he was the main star in &quot;Rambhaiyin Kaadal&quot;. In ''Andhaman Kaidi'', Sarangapani deftly played a villain role as well, in movies such as '''Andhaman Kaithi''' (1952).<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> Sarangapani was conferred with Tamil Nadu State Award – Kalaimamani in the year of 1964. He was also given the &quot;Raja Sando&quot; Award for lifetime contribution to films in the year of 1982 by His Excellency Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy.<br /> <br /> == Relationship with Anna ==<br /> <br /> Though a staunch Congress party man, Sarangapani had friends in all parties.<br /> <br /> When Arignar Anna was diagnosed with cancer and was admitted in Adyar, Sarangapani was a daily visitor. He visited a temple to perform pooja in the name of Anna and would bring kumkum as prasadam and apply it to his forehead. Anna, an atheist, would not remove the kumkum from his forehead, as a mark of respect to his friendship.<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film<br /> |-<br /> | 1935 || ''Bhakta Ramadas''<br /> |-<br /> | 1938 || ''Thukkaram''<br /> |-<br /> | 1939 || ''[[Shantha Sakkubai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1939 || ''Rambhaiyin Kaadal''<br /> |-<br /> | 1941 || ''[[Sabapathy]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1941 || ''Venuganam''<br /> |-<br /> | 1941 || ''Savitri''<br /> |-<br /> | 1942 || ''[[En Manaivi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1942 || ''Panchamritam''<br /> |-<br /> | 1943 || ''Kaaraikkaal Ammaiyaar'' or ''Moondru Thengaai''<br /> |-<br /> | 1945 || ''Paramjyoti''<br /> |-<br /> | 1946 || ''[[Lavangi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1947 || ''[[Naam Iruvar (1947 film)|Nam Iruvar]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1947 || ''Udayaanan Vaasavadatta''<br /> |-<br /> | 1947 || ''[[Ekambavanan]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || ''Bhakta Jana''<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || '' [[Vedhala Ulagam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1949 || ''[[Vaazhkai (1949 film)|Vazhkai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1949 || ''[[Kanniyin Kaadhali]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1951 || ''[[Mohana Sundaram]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1951 || ''Raajaambaal''<br /> |-<br /> | 1952 || ''Agastyar''<br /> |-<br /> | 1952 || ''[[Andhaman Kaidhi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1953 || ''Manampole Mangalyam''<br /> |-<br /> | 1954 || ''[[Koondukkili]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1954 || ''[[Penn (film)|Penn]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1954 || ''[[Ponvayal]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1954 || ''[[Karkottai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1955 || ''[[Mangaiyar Thilakam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1955 || ''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (1955 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1955 || ''[[Missamma|Missiyamma]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1955 || ''Menaka''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Kokilavani]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Mathar Kula Manickam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Naan Petra Selvam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Raja Rani (1956 film)|Raja Rani]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1956 || ''[[Sadhaaram]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 || ''[[Baagyavathi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 || ''[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 || ''[[Rani Lalithangi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 || ''[[Thangamalai Ragasiyam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 || ''[[Yaar Paiyan]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1958 || ''[[Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu|Kadan Vaangi Kalyanam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1958 || ''Kutumba Gauravam''<br /> |-<br /> | 1958 || ''Nalla Idatu Sambandham''<br /> |-<br /> | 1960 || ''[[Adutha Veettu Penn]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1960 || ''[[Paavai Vilakku]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1960 || ''[[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1961 || ''[[Pangaaligal]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1962 || ''[[Manithan Maravillai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1962 || ''[[Sumaithaangi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1963 || ''[[Arivaali]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1963 || ''[[Kulamagal Raadhai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1963 || ''[[Naan Vanangum Dheivam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1964 || ''[[Karuppu Panam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1964 || ''[[Navarathri (1964 film)|Navarathri]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1965 || ''[[Thiruvilayadal (1965 film)|Thiruvilaiyadal]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || ''[[Saraswati Sabatham]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || ''[[Marakka Mudiyumaa?]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || ''Chinnanchiru Ulagam''<br /> |-<br /> | 1968 || ''[[Thillana Mohanambal]]''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> * {{cite news|title=Fame came with mirth|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/fame-came-with-mirth/article6987508.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|first=Randor|last=Guy|author-link=Randor Guy|date=13 March 2015}}<br /> * {{cite news|title=Halfwit Sarangapani|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/halfwit-sarangapani/article7012636.ece|work=The Hindu|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=20 March 2015}}<br /> * {{cite news|title=Halfwit Sarangapani|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/half-wit-sarangapani/article7036969.ece|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=27 March 2015|work=The Hindu}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1242202}}<br /> * [http://mymovieminutes.blogspot.sg/2012/12/a-brief-note-on-ksarangapani.html A Brief Note on K. Sarangapani In My Movie Minutes]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarangapani, K.}}<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from Thanjavur district]]<br /> [[Category:1904 births]]<br /> [[Category:1984 deaths]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chembil_Ashokan&diff=458845 2026-02-02T06:08:33Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name =Chembil Ashokan<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|11|29}}<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> |years_active = 2009{{Endash}}present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Chembil Ashokan''' is an actor in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] industry. He has appeared in various roles in Malayalam cinema including ''[[Money Ratnam]]'' (2014).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category%3Dactors%26artist%3DChembil+Ashokan |title=Profile of Malayalam Actor Chembil Ashokan |accessdate=2015-04-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405102722/http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&amp;artist=Chembil%20Ashokan |archivedate=2015-04-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2014/Sep/28/an-engaging-comic-outing-665945.html|title=An Engaging Comic Outing|first=Pramod|last=Thomas|date=28 September 2014|website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and career==<br /> Ashokan is from [[Chempu]] near [[Vaikom]] and was a neighbor of [[Mammootty]]. He was brought up in a family of five and his father died early on. He was a part of the theatrical group [[Kalidasa Kalakendram]] and worked in theatre for 22 years before Mammootty's brother Ibrahimkutty helped him get into films by taking him to film sets and introducing him. Director [[Sathyan Anthikad]] who noticed his performance in [[Amrita TV]]'s 2008 serial ''Aranazhikeneram'' called him for a role in ''[[Bhagyadevatha]]'' (2009).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/homestyle/spot-light/2020/07/02/chembil-ashokan-actor-mammootty-neighbour-home-life-memories.html|title = അന്ന് കുടികിടപ്പുകാരൻ; ഇന്ന് പുതിയ വീട്ടിലേക്ക്; മമ്മൂക്കയോടും കടപ്പാട്: ചെമ്പിൽ അശോകൻ|work=Manorama Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://beta.mangalam.com/women/personality/287480 |title=ചെമ്പിലെ താരം | language=ml | trans-title=Star in Copper |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414174428/http://beta.mangalam.com/women/personality/287480 |url-status=dead |work=[[Mangalam Publications|Mangalam]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year !! Title !! Role !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | 2009 || ''[[Bhagyadevatha]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Chattambinadu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Evidam Swargamanu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5 | 2010 || ''[[Pramani]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Paappi Appacha]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Katha Thudarunnu]]'' || Narayanan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thaskara Lahala]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[College Days (2010 film)|College Days]]'' || MLA Keshavan Kutty ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | 2011 ||''[[Kayam (2011 film)|Kayam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Snehaveedu]]'' || Maniyan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Violin (2011 film)|Violin]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2012 || ''[[No. 66 Madhura Bus]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ivan Megharoopan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]]'' || Paulose ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]'' || Zachariah ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;|2014<br /> ||''Darboni'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[1983 (film)|1983]]'' || Tea Shop Owner <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Manglish]]''||Union Leader<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Vellimoonga]]'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Money Ratnam]]''||Joppa<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Oru Korean Padam]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''Thekku Thekkoru Desathu''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Actually (film)|Actually]]'' ||Shivan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''Oru Mazhavil Swapnam'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''The Bail'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''Murukku'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2015<br /> ||''Iruvazhi Thiriyunnidam''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Aadu (film)|Aadu]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Life of Josutty]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Aana Mayil Ottakam]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2016<br /> |''Varna Vasanthangal''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Valleem Thetti Pulleem Thetti]]''||Govachan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kammatipaadam]]''||Krishna's Uncle <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pulimurugan]]''||Thankachan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Romanov''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2017<br /> |''[[Jomonte Suvisheshangal]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Honey Bee 2: Celebrations]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Paippin Chuvattile Pranayam]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|2018<br /> |''[[Parole]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Panchavarnathatha]]''||Eappachen<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Marubhoomiyile Mazhathullikal''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pettilambattra]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mangalyam Thanthunanena]]''||Koora<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Aanakkallan]]''||Kuruppu<br /> |<br /> |- <br /> |''[[Ottakoru Kaamukan]]'' || Matrimonial advertisement girl's father <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|2019<br /> |''Nalla Vishesham''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Oru Yamandan Premakadha]]''||Vickey's Father<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Prakashante Metro''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mask (2019 film)|Mask]]''||Achayan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Luca (2019 film)|Luca]]''||Martin<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Thanka Bhasma Kuriyitta Thamburatty''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Adhyarathri]]''||Sukumaran<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''Uriyattu''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2021<br /> |''Meezan''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sumesh and Ramesh]]''||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jan. E. Man]]''||Manikunju<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || ''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]'' || ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/oru-anweshanathinte-thudakkam-movie-getting-good-response-running-successfully-in-theatres-212421|title=Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam: ത്രില്ലടിപ്പിച്ച അന്വേഷണം, മികവ് പുലർത്തി अभिनേതാക്കളും; ഗംഭീര പ്രതികരണം നേടി 'ഒരു അന്വേഷണത്തിന്റെ തുടക്കം'|date=November 9, 2024|website=Zee News Malayalam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''Aadachayi'' || Aadachayi || Lead role&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/01/04/aadachayi-movie-release-date.html|title=വെല്ലുവിളി നിറഞ്ഞ കർഷകരുടെ ജീവിതവുമായി 'ആദച്ചായി'; ജനുവരി 17 റിലീസ്|website=Manorama Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Written &amp; Directed by God]]'' || ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-17 |title=Saiju Kurup and Sunny Wayne's Written &amp; Directed by God gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/17/saiju-kurup-and-sunny-waynes-written-directed-by-god-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Television ==<br /> *''Aranazhikeneram'' ([[Amrita TV]]) (2008)<br /> *''Veendum Jwalayayi'' ([[DD Malayalam]])<br /> *''Kadamattathu Kathanar'' ([[JaiHind TV]])<br /> *''Bhasi Bahadoor'' ([[Mazhavil Manorama]])<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|3945709}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ashokan, Chembil}}<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Kottayam]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:People from Vaikom]]<br /> [[Category:1960 births]]<br /> <br /> {{India-film-actor-1960s-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nirmala_Rajasekar&diff=462741 2026-01-24T20:33:29Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: added info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Nirmala Rajasekar<br /> | image = Nirmala Rajasekar performing live in India.jpg<br /> | caption = This is a picture of Nirmala Rajasekar performing live in the prestigious Janaranjini Sabha in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu<br /> | birth_name =<br /> | alias =<br /> | birth_date = 11 December<br /> | origin = [[Chennai]]<br /> | instruments = [[Saraswati veena]]<br /> | genre = [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]], [[world music]]<br /> | occupations = Musician, composer, vocalist, vainika<br /> | years_active =<br /> | label = INNOVA<br /> | website = www.nirmalarajasekar.com<br /> }}<br /> '''Nirmala Rajasekar''' is a [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] [[Saraswati veena]] player, composer, vocalist, and educator.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=May Artist Spotlight: Carnatic Composer Nirmala Rajasekar|url=https://www.compas.org/news/2016/5/25/may-artist-spotlight-carnatic-composer-nirmala-rajasekar|access-date=2020-10-22|website=COMPAS|language=en-US|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024171908/https://www.compas.org/news/2016/5/25/may-artist-spotlight-carnatic-composer-nirmala-rajasekar|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; One of the world's premier veena players,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=USD Public Events NMM Live! Sounds of South India - Nirmala Rajasekar - Bedework Events Calendar|url=http://calendar.usd.edu/cal/event/showEventMore.rdo;jsessionid=84BB1BBC4B4248B2D5BF3980A07AFCD3|access-date=2020-10-22|website=calendar.usd.edu}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rajasekar has performed at [[Carnegie Hall]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Swaminathan|first=G.|date=2019-12-25|title=A vainika's journey around the world|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-vainikas-journey-around-the-world/article30395636.ece|access-date=2020-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Headquarters of the United Nations|United Nations]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shen|date=2017-05-29|title=Smt Nirmala Rajasekar (veena - Chennai/USA)|url=http://www.sangeetmela.org/sangeet-mela-2017/artists-2017/nirmala-rajasekar-veena/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=QLD Sangeet Mela Association|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Madras Music Academy]], [[Narada Gana Sabha]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=B. Sivakumar|date=Dec 25, 2019|title=TN: Veena exponent, violinist and flautist to present trigalbandi {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tn-veena-exponent-violinist-and-flautist-to-present-trigalbandi/articleshow/72964070.cms|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival|Sawai Gandharva Festival]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; and the Konya International Mystic Music Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Rajasekar is the current co-chair of the [[American Composers Forum]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Board|url=https://composersforum.org/about/board/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=American Composers Forum|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Nirmala Rajasekar began her training in the Saraswati veena at the age of 6 in [[Chennai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Renowned south Indian musician in Plymouth|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/25/renowned-south-indian-musician-makes-plymouth-her-home|access-date=2020-10-22|website=MPR News}}&lt;/ref&gt; with Sri Deva Kottai Narayana Iyengar and Smt. Kamala Aswathama,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Venkataramanan|first=Geetha|date=2014-12-29|title=Strings that sing|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/chennai-margazhi-season/nirmala-rajasekars-mission-is-to-keep-the-veena-flag-flying-across-the-globe/article6735447.ece|access-date=2020-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; the mother of Smt. [[E. Gayathri]]. After moving to [[Bangalore]], she studied at the Gana Mandira School in [[Basavanagudi|Basavangudi]] with Smt. G Chennama and Smt. E. P. Alamelu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carnatic Saraswati veena by Nirmala Rajasekar|url=http://www.richmondrasikas.org/2017/05/carnatic-saraswati-veena-by-nirmala.html|access-date=2020-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Rajasekar also received guidance from violinist Sri A.D. Zachariah&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; and Veena Sri [[S. Balachander]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Rajasekar began her career as a soloist at the age of 13.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carnatic music master Nirmala Rajasekar passes on love for music|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2012/11/14/carnatic-music-master-nirmala-rajasekar-passes-on-love-for-music|access-date=2020-10-22|website=MPR News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Four artists from India who made their mark on Minnesota|url=https://www.startribune.com/four-artists-from-india-who-made-their-mark-on-minnesota/528526162/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Star Tribune|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026024232/https://www.startribune.com/four-artists-from-india-who-made-their-mark-on-minnesota/528526162/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Khanna|first=Shailaja|date=2020-02-12|title=A sublime saraswati veena baithak by Nirmala Rajasekar|url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/120220/a-sublime-saraswati-veena-baithak-by-nirmala-rajasekar.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Asian Age}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon returning to Chennai, Rajasekar came under the tutelage of Saraswati veena player Smt. [[Kalpakam Swaminathan]], with whom she trained for nearly thirty years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Upcoming Music Performances include Indian veena, American art songs and British Invasion|url=https://www.otterbein.edu/news/upcoming-music-performances-include-indian-veena-american-art-songs-and-british-invasion/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Otterbein University|language=en-US|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026163206/https://www.otterbein.edu/news/upcoming-music-performances-include-indian-veena-american-art-songs-and-british-invasion/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Through Swaminathan, Rajasekar is part of the [[Muthuswami Dikshitar|Dikshitar]] ''shisya parampara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kalpakam Swaminathan {{!}} RadioWeb Carnatic|url=http://old.radioweb.in/programs/kalpakam-swaminathan-2|access-date=2020-10-23|website=old.radioweb.in|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024234346/http://old.radioweb.in/programs/kalpakam-swaminathan-2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Chennai and [[Delhi]], Rajasekar studied Carnatic vocal music with Sri B. Sitarama Sarma and Prof [[T. R. Subramaniam|T.R. Subramaniam]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Romero|first=Angel|title=Artist Profiles: Nirmala Rajasekar {{!}} World Music Central.org|date=7 August 2018|url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2018/08/07/artist-profiles-nirmala-rajasekar/|access-date=2020-10-22|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; receiving a [[Government of India]] scholarship to study with the latter.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Musical career ==<br /> Nirmala Rajasekar has been performing and composing for over forty years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vainika to win over Wisconsin|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/dec/11/vainika-to-win-over-wisconsin-2074335.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; In her career, Rajasekar performs traditional Carnatic repertoire as a Saraswati veena exponent&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; and creates contemporary works through compositions and collaborations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; In 2020, Rajasekar was the annual Commissioned Composer of the [[University of Wisconsin–River Falls|University of Wisconsin-River Falls]], the longest-running program of its kind in the United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commissioned Composers|url=https://www.uwrf.edu/MUS/CommissionedComposers.cfm|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.uwrf.edu|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027060840/https://www.uwrf.edu/MUS/CommissionedComposers.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Past composers include [[Pauline Oliveros]], [[Morton Feldman]], [[John Cage]], [[Jennifer Higdon]], and [[Julia Wolfe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2007, Rajasekar's album ''Song of the Veena'' was released by [[Innova Recordings]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Song of the Veena {{!}} Innova Recordings|url=https://www.innova.mu/albums/nirmala-rajasekar/song-veena|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.innova.mu|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505065838/https://www.innova.mu/albums/nirmala-rajasekar/song-veena|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in 2010, [[Innova Recordings|Innova]] released her album ''Into the Raga.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Into the Raga {{!}} Innova Recordings|url=https://www.innova.mu/albums/nirmala-rajasekar/raga|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.innova.mu|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505042645/https://www.innova.mu/albums/nirmala-rajasekar/raga|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rajasekar's third album with [[Innova Recordings|Innova]], a collaborative [[world music]] album called ''Maithree: The Music of Friendship'', was released in 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maithree {{!}} Innova Recordings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maithree {{!}} Innova Recordings|url=https://www.innova.mu/albums/nirmala-rajasekar/maithree|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.innova.mu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; The album was reviewed by [[Songlines (magazine)|Songlines]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Review|url=https://www.songlines.co.uk/reviews/review|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Songlines|language=en|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212235351/https://www.songlines.co.uk/reviews/review|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[WNYC|WNYC New Sounds]], and Jazz Weekly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maithree {{!}} Innova Recordings&quot;/&gt; Other albums include Sudha Saagara, released by Charsur Digital Workstation,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kutcheri- SudhaSaagara|url=http://charsur.com/index.php?route=product/product&amp;product_id=359|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Charsur Digital Workstation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Melodic Expressions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Melodic Expressions - Veena (1998) - Nirmala Rajasekar|url=https://mio.to//album/Nirmala+Rajasekar/Melodic+Expressions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821063600/http://mio.to/album/Nirmala+Rajasekar/Melodic+Expressions|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 August 2014|language=en|access-date=2020-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rajasekar has collaborated with artists including Pt. [[Ronu Majumdar]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; [[Tarun Bhattacharya|Pt. Tarun Bhattacharya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Upadhyay|first=Aninda|date=18 October 2019|title=Jugalbandi|work=Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette|url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/northwest-arkansas-democrat-gazette/20191018/page/18|access-date=22 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pt. Gaurav Majumdar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Renowned Indian Musicians Take the Stage at CSUSM|url=https://news.csusm.edu/renowned-indian-musicians-take-the-stage-at-csusm/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Renowned Indian Musicians Take the Stage at CSUSM|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sri [[Mysore Manjunath]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; [[Sounds of Blackness]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; [[Gao Hong (composer)|Gao Hong]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Butterfly - Home Page|url=https://www.chinesepipa.com/Butterfly.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.chinesepipa.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Anthony Cox (musician)|Anthony Cox]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; and poet [[Robert Bly]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Performer &amp; Teacher Nirmala Rajasekar – Ampers|url=http://ampers.org/mn-art-culture-history/performer-teacher-nirmala-rajasekar/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=ampers.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rajasekar is an A-Grade artist of [[All India Radio|All-India Radio]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Veena Recital by Nirmala Rajasekar – Dhvani|url=https://dhvaniohio.org/event/veena-recital-by-nirmala-rajashekar/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=dhvaniohio.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; and has appeared on [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-08-31|title=Music from the Goddess|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/godforbid/music-from-the-goddesses/8859716|access-date=2020-10-22|website=ABC Radio National|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[British Broadcasting Company]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; and [[Doordarshan|Doordarshan Television]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Since 1989, Rajasekar has been a performing artist for the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Rajasekar has been featured at the [[National Music Museum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; and the &quot;Beyond Bollywood&quot; exhibit presented by the [[Minnesota Historical Society]] and the [[Smithsonian Institution]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Minnesota Historical Society|date=2016|title=Vibrant Accompaniment|url=http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/65/v65i01front.pdf|journal=Minnesota History}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:20251025165428!chunkedupload 2cdae2739054.jpg|thumb|alt=Nirmala Rajasekar performing with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra and VocalEssence|Nirmala Rajasekar performing with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra and VocalEssence]]<br /> Since 1995, Rajasekar has lived in [[Minnesota]], [[United States|USA]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; touring several months each year to countries such as [[India]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; [[Turkey]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; [[Australia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; [[New Zealand]], and [[Singapore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Rajasekar's daughter and student, [[Shruthi Rajasekar]], is a composer and vocalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; In 2025, Rajasekar was featured with Thanjavur Murgaboopathi in a composition by her daughter for orchestra and choir performing with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra and VocalEssence.<br /> <br /> == Positions ==<br /> Nirmala Rajasekar is the founder and artistic director of the Naadha Rasa Center for Music,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; and was recognized with the Prof. T.R. Subrahmanyam Teaching Award by the [[Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival|url=https://stepoutside.org/event/cleveland-thyagaraja-festival-2019-04-20-cleveland-oh.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=stepoutside.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is also a COMPAS teaching artist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Rajasekar currently serves as the co-chair of the Board of the [[American Composers Forum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IMSOM Concert: Nirmala Rajasekar (Veena)|url=https://www.imsom.org/events/20200614.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.imsom.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Vice President of the Global Carnatic Musicians Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Global Carnatic Musician's Association - Committee Members|url=https://www.gcma.in/committee-members.php|access-date=2020-10-22|website=www.gcma.in|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027034613/https://www.gcma.in/committee-members.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> * [[Kalaimamani|Kalaimamani Award]] from the Government of Tamil Nadu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KALAIMAMANI NIRMALA RAJASEKAR – Soorya Performing Arts |url=https://www.sooryaperformingarts.org/nirmalarajasekar/ |access-date=2023-01-04 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2020 Annual Commissioned Composer of [[University of Wisconsin–River Falls|University of Wisconsin-River Falls]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;<br /> * 2018 Pratibha Puraskar (&quot;Genius Prize&quot;) from Delhi Telugu Academy&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; <br /> * Vocational Excellence Award from [[Rotary International|Rotary Club International]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://diftv.corridor-design.com/season-8/nirmala-rajasekar/|title=Nirmala Rajasekar &amp;#124; Performing Artist &amp;#124; Diversity in Focus}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2010 [[McKnight Foundation|McKnight Fellowship]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcknight.org/grant-programs/arts/past-mcknight-artist-fellows|title = Meet the Fellows}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * 2006 [[Bush Foundation|Bush Fellowship]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bushfoundation.org/fellows/nirmala-rajasekar|title = Nirmala Rajasekar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rajasekar, Nirmala}}<br /> [[Category:Saraswati veena players]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women classical musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Women Carnatic musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Carnatic musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian music educators]]<br /> [[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women musicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women music educators]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century women composers]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Mumbai&diff=540879 2026-01-23T13:40:17Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding a info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Proposed city in Maharashtra}}{{Not to be confused with|Mumbai|Navi Mumbai}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Third Mumbai<br /> | official_name = Karnala-Sai-Chirner New Town<br /> | other_name = KSC New Town<br /> | settlement_type = City<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = India<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = Raigad and Thane<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Region<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]<br /> | seat_type = Nodal Agency<br /> | seat = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]<br /> | government_type = Executive Agency<br /> | governing_body = New Town Development Authority<br /> | area_total_km2 = 324<br /> }}<br /> '''Third Mumbai''' officially named as ''Karnala-Sai-Chirner New Town'' also known as ''KSC New Town'' is a proposed city in the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]]. It includes the notified areas within the influence zone of [[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link]] (MTHL also known as ''Atal Setu'') and [[Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area]] (NAINA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-21 |title=MMRDA appointed as dvpt authority for ‘Third Mumbai’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mmrda-takes-lead-in-developing-third-mumbai-as-new-town-development-authority/articleshow/114435923.cms |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-01-12 |title=What is Third Mumbai aka NAINA? All you need to know about the new city which will be connected by Atal Setu |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/what-is-third-mumbai-aka-naina-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-city-which-will-be-connected-by-atal-setu/articleshow/106750625.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra Initiates Third Mumbai: Mega Township Development Unveiled |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/maharashtra-sets-ball-rolling-for-third-mumbai-a-large-mega-township-2924064 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maha Govt Approves 'Third Mumbai'; New City Aimed at Boosting Economic Activity |url=https://www.news18.com/india/maha-govt-approves-third-mumbai-new-city-aimed-at-boosting-economic-activity-8708438.html |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Maharashtra govt gives go-ahead for building a new city called ‘Third Mumbai’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/state-gives-go-ahead-for-building-a-new-city-called-third-mumbai-101702843512250.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Third Mumbai was announced in 2013 to prevent haphazard development of the upcoming [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]] area. It was previously known as Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Third Mumbai renamed as KSC New Town, in honour of 3 villages of Raigad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/third-mumbai-renamed-as-ksc-new-town-in-honour-of-3-villages-of-raigad-101729535657749.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the inauguration of the sea link bridge between [[Mumbai]] and [[Navi Mumbai]] called as Atal Setu also known as Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, the notified area around the bridge was also included in the project of NAINA and collectively these areas was called as Third Mumbai. On 21 October 2024, the nodal agency MMRDA for the proposed city officially named the city of Third Mumbai as ''Karnala-Sai-Chirner New Town'' on the name of the three renowned villages Karnala, Sai and Chirner in the areas of the proposed city. In short form it is called as ''KSC New Town''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Planning and development ==<br /> The aim of the planning for Third Mumbai &lt;ref&gt;https://sejalnewsnetwork.in/what-is-tisari-mumbai/&lt;/ref&gt; was to provide better housing, infrastructure and robust transport facilities to the increasing population of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in the state of Maharashtra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; On 7 December 2024, the chief minister [[Devendra Fadnavis]] at a program ''India Business Leader Awards (IBLA)'' held by [[CNBC TV18|CNBC-TV18]], highlighted the development of a new business district in the region of the Third Mumbai. He said that the area of the Third Mumbai would be three times the size of the current city of [[Mumbai]]. He also said &quot;''This will be the next business capital of India''&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=Fadnavis envisions third Mumbai to drive state’s trillion-dollar economy |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/maharashtra-cm-fadnavis-envisions-third-mumbai-as-the-key-to-making-the-state-indias-first-trillion-dollar-economy-23442786 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-12-08 |title=A third Mumbai is in making, can make Maharashtra first trillion-dollar economy: CM Fadnavis |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/a-third-mumbai-is-in-making-can-make-maharashtra-first-trillion-dollar-economy-cm-fadnavis/articleshow/116101178.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The government of Maharashtra is planning to set up the proposed city as a global city. In the city, sector-specific areas and innovation centres would be developed, which will include Edu City, Medi City, Global Capability Centres (GCC) and Data Centres, etc. In the areas of the Edu City, the world's top five universities campuses are expected to be established. The Edu City will be the education hub of the proposed city.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Top US, UK varsities to set up campuses in Third Mumbai: CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/top-us-uk-varsities-to-set-up-campuses-in-third-mumbai-101742929960958.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The Indian Railway is planning for the extension of the Mumbai Suburban railway in the region of Third Mumbai. The Indian Railway is planning for construction of corridors in the region of Third Mumbai through the [[Mumbai Urban Transport Project]] Phase (MUTP)-4.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-02 |title=Suburban railway corridor plans launched for ‘Third Mumbai’ |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/planning-begins-for-suburban-railway-corridors-for-third-mumbai-23511231 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]<br /> <br /> {{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromance_(2025_film)&diff=492425 2026-01-06T09:35:59Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: Started a stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Bromance<br /> | image = Bromance_Malayalam_Movie.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical Release Poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = [[Arun D. Jose]]<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = [[Arun D. Jose]]&lt;br&gt;Raveesh Nath&lt;br&gt;Thomas P. Sebastian<br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = [[Ashiq Usman]]<br /> | starring = [[Arjun Ashokan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mathew Thomas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sangeeth Prathap]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mahima Nambiar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shyam Mohan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bharath Bopanna]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kalabhavan Shajohn]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = [[Akhil George]]<br /> | editing = [[Chaman Chakko]]<br /> | music = [[Govind Vasantha]]<br /> | studio = [[Ashiq Usman|Ashiq Usman Productions]]<br /> | distributor = Central Pictures<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|02|14}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title = Bromance Movie: വാലന്റൈൻസ് ദിനത്തിലെത്തും ബ്രൊമാൻസ്; ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പുറത്ത്|url = https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/bromance-movie-first-look-and-release-date-out-now-211841|publisher = zeenews|date = 2 November 2024|accessdate = 1 February 2025|language = Malayalam|archive-date = 6 December 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241206083442/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/bromance-movie-first-look-and-release-date-out-now-211841|url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | runtime = 150 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | budget = {{INR}}8 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=March 20, 2025 |title=Malayalam cinema’s February fallout: Rs 53 crore loss, one film earns just Rs 10,000! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/malayalam-cinemas-february-fallout-rs-53-crore-loss-one-film-earns-just-rs-10000/articleshow/119237255.cms#:~:text=Here%2520are%2520some%2520of%2520the%2520films%2520and,Rs%25201.5%2520crore%252C%2520Theater%2520Share:%2520Rs%252055%252C000 |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}13.5 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bromance Box Office: Mathew Thomas' Adventure Comedy Scores BIG with Rs 13.5 Cr Worldwide on a small Budget |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/bromance-box-office-mathew-thomas-adventure-comedy-scores-big-with-rs-13-5-cr-worldwide-on-a-small-budget-1375997 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=2 April 2025 |language=en |date=5 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Bromance''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2025|2025]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[comedy thriller film]] written and directed by [[Arun D. Jose]] and co-written by Raveesh Nath and Thomas P. Sebastian. Produced by [[Ashiq Usman]], the film stars [[Arjun Ashokan]], [[Mathew Thomas]], [[Sangeeth Prathap]], [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[Shyam Mohan]], [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] and [[Bharath Bopanna]].<br /> <br /> This movie was released on 14 February 2025, generating mixed response criticized some cast performance, outdated comedy scenes and script. The film was commercial success at box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-23 |title=8 സൂപ്പർ ഹിറ്റുകൾ, 7 ഹിറ്റുകൾ; നഷ്ടം 360 കോടി; 2025 മലയാളസിനിമ കണക്ക് ഇങ്ങനെ|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/entertainment/box-office/2025/12/23/malayalam-cinema-2025-hits-and-losses.html|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Binto teams up with his brother Shinto's friends for a thrilling [[adventure]] to find him, leading to unexpected twists, discoveries, and unforgettable moments.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title = chaosBromance trailer: Mathew Thomas, Arjun Ashokan and gang promise a wild comedy of chaos |url = https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bromance-trailer-mathew-thomas-arjun-ashokan-and-gang-promise-a-wild-comedy-of-chaos-9813079/ |publisher = indianexpress |date = 2 February 2025 |accessdate = 2 February 2025 |language = English |archive-date = 3 February 2025 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250203041523/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bromance-trailer-mathew-thomas-arjun-ashokan-and-gang-promise-a-wild-comedy-of-chaos-9813079/ |url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Mathew Thomas]] as Binto Varghese, Shinto's younger brother<br /> *[[Arjun Ashokan]] as Shabeer Ali, Shinto's friend<br /> *[[Mahima Nambiar]] as [[Doctor (title)|Dr.]] Aishwarya (Aishu), Shabeer's love interest and Shinto exgirlfriend<br /> *[[Sangeeth Prathap]] as Hariharasudhan, an ethical hacker<br /> *[[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Courier Babu, a kindhearted gangster<br /> *[[Shyam Mohan]] as Shinto Varghese, Binto's elder brother<br /> **Dilan as young Shinto<br /> *[[Bharath Bopanna]] as Ashish Bopanna, a dreaded gangster<br /> *[[Binu Pappu]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Tony &quot;Sura&quot; Francis<br /> *[[Melvin G Babu]] as Yahiya<br /> *Arun Raj as Bilal, Shinto's friend<br /> *Ambareesh as Beljin, Binto's friend<br /> *Malavika Vipin as Aishwarya Bopanna, Ashish's sister and Shinto's ex-girlfriend<br /> *[[Reshmi Boban]] as Binto's and Shinto's mother<br /> *Saji Puthuppally as Binto's and Shinto's father<br /> *Vijay Ajith as Hariharasudhan's neighbour<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The film released in theaters on 14 February 2025 coinciding with [[Valentine's Day]]. The film is started to premiere on [[SonyLIV]] on May 1 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Upcoming Malayalam theatrical releases in February 2025: Bromance, Painkili, Get-Set Baby, and more|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/upcoming-malayalam-theatrical-releases-in-february-2025-bromance-painkili-get-set-baby-and-more-1371079|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=5 February 2025|access-date=15 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; The satellite rights of the film is acquired by [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and will premiere on 5 September 2025 on occasion of [[Onam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Asianet Onam Premiers Are Thudarum , Empuraan, Prince and Family, Bromance and Padakkalam|url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-onam-premier-films-list/ |website=Kerala TV|date=25 August 2025|access-date=26 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Rohit Panikker of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the film 3.5 stars and wrote &quot;Bromance is a fun exploration of Gen Z's antics, problems and points of view narrated through the escapades of these interestingly-written characters. The film offers a fun ride though and though with plenty of laugh out loud moments and a narrative that's brisk and entertaining&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2025 |first=Rohit |last=Panikker |title=Bromance Review: A Fun Watch With Its Hilarious Performances And Infectious Energy |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/bromance-review-a-fun-watch-with-its-hilarious-performances-and-infectious-energy-review-118270362 |website=[[Times Now]] |access-date=23 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vivek Santhosh of ''Cinema Express'' gave the film 3 stars and wrote &quot;A chaotic, fun-filled adventure with its share of flaws, Arun D Jose's film still manages to be a wild ride worth taking, especially for the scene-stealing Sangeeth Prathap&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 February 2025 |first=Vivek |last=Santhosh |title=Bromance Movie Review: A goofy and loud comedy that mostly hits the mark |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2025/Feb/14/bromance-movie-review-a-goofy-and-loud-comedy-that-mostly-hits-the-mark |website=Cinema Express |access-date=23 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anna Mathews of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars and wrote &quot;The story and the jokes don’t work all the time and you are faced with quite a few cringe moments&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 February 2025 |first=Anna |last=Mathews |title=Bromance Movie Review : Youthful chemistry works in parts in this entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/bromance/movie-review/118248854.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars and wrote &quot;While Mathew Thomas delivers a solid performance, demonstrating notable growth as an actor, Mahima Nambiar also shines, particularly in comedic scenes&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 February 2025 |first1=Anandu |last1=Suresh |title=Bromance movie review: A lively and exuberant ride led by Mathew Thomas and Mahima Nambiar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bromance-movie-review-a-lively-and-exuberant-ride-led-by-mathew-thomas-and-mahima-nambiar-9836623/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=23 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars and wrote &quot;Arun D Jose's comedy film capitalises on the lead's desperation to find his missing brother, blending chaotic humour with a plot that starts off tight-knit but loosens as it progresses&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=14 February 2025 |first1=Sanjay |last1=Ponnappa |title=Bromance review: Chaotic gags deliver laughter in parts in this comedy entertainer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bromance-review-arun-d-jose-arjun-ashokan-mahima-nambiar-mathew-thomas-2680242-2025-02-14 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=23 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt32135710}}<br /> * ''[https://letterboxd.com/film/bromance-2025/ Bromance]'' at [[Letterboxd]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bromance (2025 film)}}<br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praveen_Pathak&diff=526579 2026-01-05T18:55:56Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: made new details v1!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{one source|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{infobox officeholder|<br /> | name = Praveen Pathak<br /> | office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Gwalior South Assembly constituency|Gwalior South]]<br /> | term_start = 2018<br /> | term_end = 2023<br /> | successor = [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Jiwaji University]]<br /> | education = Graduate (BA)<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | parents = Satyaprakash Pathak<br /> | birth_date = 7 June 1982<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Praveen Pathak''' is an [[Indian National Congress]] politician and was a member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] between 2018 and 2023, elected from [[Gwalior South Assembly constituency|Gwalior South]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3894 | title=Praveen Pathak(Indian National Congress (INC)): Constituency- Gwalior South (Gwalior) - Affidavit Information of Candidate }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2024 Lok Sabha Election Pathak defeated by 70210 votes. BJP's [[Bharat Singh Kushwah]] won this election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Priya |title=Gwalior Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/gwalior-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Gwalior&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Gwalior |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S123.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807045928/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S123.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == In popular culture ==<br /> Praveen Pathak appeared on the '''Pov Podcast''', where he discussed various pressing issues, including crime in [[Gwalior]], youth [[employment]], his personal life, and the upcoming [[Lok Sabha Elections]]. During the [[podcast]], he shared his views on [[law enforcement]] challenges, the role of [[governance]] in reducing [[crime rates]], and strategies to improve [[Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program|job opportunities]] for the youth. He also reflected on his political journey and future aspirations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&amp;v=1XneTWEGYgQ |title=Praveen Pathak on Crime ⚠️ in Gwalior {{!}} Youth Employment {{!}} His Personal Life {{!}} LOK SABHA ELECTION |date=2024-05-03 |last=POV Podcast |access-date=2025-03-15 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Praveen}}<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1982 births]]<br /> [[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]<br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swaminathan&diff=469019 2025-12-21T01:19:30Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: brief updated intro for clarity further</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian (born 1959)}}{{For|the name|Swaminathan (name)}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Swaminathan<br /> | image = Swami lollu sabha.jpg<br /> | caption = Swaminathan in 2010<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|01|31|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kumbakonam]], [[Thanjavur District]], [[Madras State]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]), India<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years active = 1985–present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Swaminathan''' (born 31 January 1959) is an Indian actor and comedian on working in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] and television industry. He appeared in prominent roles in [[Vijay TV]]'s satiric series ''[[Lollu Sabha]]'' before becoming a full-fledged actor in Tamil films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/swaminathan.html|title = All you want to know about #Swaminathan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/156084-actor-swaminathan-talks-about-his-personal-and-professional-career | title=''வீட்டுக்கு கூப்பிட்ட விஜய், ஜூனியர் நாசர், ஹீரோ வாய்ப்பு!'' - 'லொள்ளு சபா' சாமிநாதன் ஷேரிங்ஸ் }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Tamil films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> !class=unsortable| Role<br /> !class=unsortable| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1985 || ''[[Naan Sigappu Manithan (1985 film)|Naan Sigappu Manithan]]'' || Shanmugam ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri]]'' || Kathavarayan ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1987 || ''[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]'' || Boopathy ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1988 || ''[[Manasukkul Mathappu]]'' || Mental patient ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1989 || ''Dilly Babu'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> || ''[[Solaikuyil]]'' || Peter (Gardener) ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1990 || ''[[Sirayil Sila Raagangal]]'' || || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pudhiya Sarithiram'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|1991 || ''[[Thanga Thamaraigal]]'' || Moorthy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thanthu Vitten Ennai]]'' || Security guard || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 1992 || ''[[Thalaivasal (film)|Thalaivasal]]'' || || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Singaravelan]]'' || one of the constables || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Abhirami (1992 film)|Abhirami]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1993 || ''[[Udan Pirappu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''[[Maindhan (1994 film)|Maindhan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1995 || ''[[Karuppu Nila]]'' || Police constable ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mayabazar (1995 film)|Mayabazar]]'' || Swaminathan ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1996 || ''[[Musthaffaa]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Irattai Roja]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' || || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]'' || Saamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[Ice (2003 film)|Ice]]'' || || <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| 2005 || ''[[Dancer (2005 film)|Dancer]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Amudhey]]'' || Priest ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)|Ayodhya]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Aadhikkam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Nagareega Komali]]'' || Serial director ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'' || Customer ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Pathu Pathu]]'' || Kannan ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2009 || ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' || Malaisamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Innoruvan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thoranai]]'' || Cashier || Bilingual film<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 2010 || ''[[Ambasamudram Ambani]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Rasikkum Seemane]]'' || || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' || Matured student ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chikku Bukku]]'' || Krishna's father ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 2011 || ''[[Pillaiyar Theru Kadaisi Veedu]]'' || Police inspector ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Yuvan Yuvathi]]'' || Sakkarai's father ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vellore Maavattam]]'' || Retired S.P. ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Velayudham]]'' || Maama ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2012 || ''[[Oru Kal Oru Kannadi]]'' || Ulundurpettai Ulagananda Swami ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ishtam (2012 film)|Ishtam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;14&quot;| 2013 || ''[[Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya]]'' || Shiva and Sowmiya's neighbour ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Onbadhule Guru]]'' || Velu Nayakkar ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' || Paavadaisamy/Google ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thillu Mullu (2013 film)|Thillu Mullu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Singam II]]'' || Peon ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pattathu Yaanai]]'' || Doctor ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Desingu Raja]]'' || || Special appearance in song &quot;Pom Pom&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ainthu Ainthu Ainthu]]'' || G.R ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'' || Lawyer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vanakkam Chennai]]'' || Ponraj ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]'' || Flat Secretary ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Naveena Saraswathi Sabatham]]'' || MLA Ekambaram ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]'' || Somasundaram ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Yaaruda Mahesh]]'' || Somasundaram ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;12&quot;| 2014 || ''[[Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal]]'' || Man in Hanuman getup ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Marumugam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thalaivan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pongadi Neengalum Unga Kadhalum]]'' || Police officer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]'' || Santosham ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Aranmanai]]'' || Vella Poondu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Salim (film)|Salim]]'' || Dr. Swaminathan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kalkandu]]'' || Ramanathan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal]]'' || Shrinivasan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Enna Satham Indha Neram]]'' || Murugaraj ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Irumbu Kuthirai]]'' || Traffic police ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Maan Karate]]'' || Doctor ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| 2015 || ''[[Rombha Nallavan Da Nee]]'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Agathinai]]'' || Mani ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Iravum Pagalum Varum]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]'' || Point to Point Padmanabhan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vedalam]]'' || Swamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Palakkattu Madhavan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ivanuku Thannila Gandam]]'' || Kuzhandaivel ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;19&quot;| 2016 || ''Naalu Per Naalu Vidhama Pesuvaanga'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Saagasam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mapla Singam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Adida Melam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Jithan 2]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' || Bride's father||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Manithan (2016 film)|Manithan]]'' || Lawyer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Meera Jaakirathai]]'' || Police officer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran]]'' || Bar tender ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oru Naal Koothu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Enakku Innoru Per Irukku]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum]]'' || &quot;Rotten tooth&quot; Sekar ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Yaanai Mel Kuthirai Sawaari]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'' || Moulee Anna ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kodi (film)|Kodi]]'' || Samiyappan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Azhahendra Sollukku Amudha]]'' || Priest ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Manal Kayiru 2]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kaththi Sandai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| 2017 || ''[[Yaman (film)|Yaman]]'' || Govindhan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mupparimanam]]'' || Arivudai ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oru Mugathirai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Thangaratham'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]'' || Swami Thatha ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vivegam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Katha Nayagan (2017 film)|Katha Nayagan]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[12-12-1950]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sakka Podu Podu Raja (2017 film)|Sakka Podu Podu Raja]]'' || Santa's uncle ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot;|2018 || ''[[Mannar Vagaiyara]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pei Irukka Illaya'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Itly]]'' || Ashmitha's father ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kasu Mela Kasu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mohini (2018 film)|Mohini]]'' || Balki ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Seema Raja]]'' || Pulimurugan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Genius (2018 Tamil film)|Genius]]'' || Traffic constable ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pattinapakkam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thimiru Pudichavan]]'' || Madonna's father ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|2019 || ''[[Simba (2019 film)|Simba]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oviyavai Vitta Yaru]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pottu (film)|Pottu]]'' || Thief ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thanimai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[100 (2019 film)|100]]'' || Gajapathy Swamy (Gary) ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Gorilla (film)|Gorilla]]'' || Bank Customer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[A1 (2019 film)|A1]]'' || Swaminathan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kaappaan]]'' || Ramanujam ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[50/50 (2019 film)|50/50]]'' || Lawyer ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|2020 || ''[[Seeru]]'' || Priest ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Cocktail (2020 film)|Cocktail]]'' || Flat secretary || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Irandam Kuththu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' || Swaminathan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kombu (2020)|Kombu]]'' || Pasupathy<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2021 || ''[[Mathil]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sabhaapathy]]'' || Raja Mani ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Velan (film)|Velan]]'' || Priest ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2022 || ''[[Naai Sekar]]'' || Regional Manager ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Enna Solla Pogirai]]'' || Swami ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Oh My Dog]]'' || PT master ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ranga (2022 film)|Ranga]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Kichi Kichi'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[My Dear Bootham (film)|My Dear Bootham]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pistha (2022 film)|Pistha]]'' || Gemini Ganesan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022 film)|Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham]]'' || Shyam's Office Manager ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sardar (2022 film)|Sardar]]'' || Reporter ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 2023 || ''[[Kodai (film)|Kodai]]'' || Vadivel ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ghosty (film)|Ghosty]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[DD Returns]]'' || Church Father ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thudikkum Karangal (2023 film)|Thudikkum Karangal]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Raid (2023 film)|Raid]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[80s Buildup]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2024 || ''[[Vadakkupatti Ramasamy]]'' || Gopal [[Siddha medicine|Siddha]] Vaithiyar<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Inga Naan Thaan Kingu]]'' || Ramesh ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| 2025 || ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' || 'Theekuchi' Thirumugam || <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Perusu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Madras Matinee]]'' || Bank Manager ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Desingu Raja 2]]'' || Vijaya ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Maheshwaran Magimai'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Thanthra'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Other language films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> !class=unsortable| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Thoranai|Pistha]]'' || Cashier || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Bilingual film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2015 || ''[[Nirnayakam]]'' || Kunchankumar || [[Malayalam]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Acha Dhin]]'' || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Malayalam ||<br /> |- <br /> | 2018 || ''[[B.Tech (film)|B.Tech]]'' || Dr. France ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> * ''Anandha Bhavan''<br /> *''[[Lollu Sabha]]''<br /> *''[[Metti Oli]]''<br /> *''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]''<br /> *''Arasi''<br /> *''[[Chellamadi Nee Enakku]]''<br /> *''[[Thendral]]''<br /> *''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]''<br /> * ''[[Priyamanaval]]''<br /> *''[[All In All Alamelu]]''<br /> *''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]''<br /> * ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss]]'' (Guest)<br /> *''[[Joking Bad]] (2023)'' as Walter Vetrivel White ([[Walter White (Breaking Bad)|Walter White]]), a.k.a. Vellai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Joking Bad: தி பாய்ஸ் ஆர் பேக்... வருகிறது ஜோக்கிங் பேட் |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/joking-bad-to-be-streamed-in-netflix-from-this-month-20-131674097757960.html |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |access-date=25 January 2023 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Paarijatham''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=2697818|name=Lollu Sabha Swaminathan}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil comedians]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil television presenters]]<br /> [[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Tamil male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:1959 births]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raj_Bhavan,_Gandhinagar&diff=454532 2025-11-30T05:48:50Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: added references</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Lok Bhavan, Gandhinagar]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Langmani_Haduk&diff=511868 2025-11-29T19:23:35Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: started info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1993 Kokborok film directed by Ruhi Debbarma}}<br /> {{about||the language|Kokborok}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | director = Ruhi Debbarma<br /> | writer = Ruhi Debbarma<br /> | starring = Ruhi Debbarma, Anirudha Debbarma, Sukurai Debbarma, Babita Reang, Anita Reang<br /> | cinematography = Alok Kundu, D. Roy<br /> | editing = Ratan Sarkar<br /> | released = {{Film date|1993}}<br /> | runtime = 82 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Kokborok]]<br /> | budget = Unknown<br /> }}<br /> '''''Langmani Haduk''''' is a 1993 [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] [[feature film]] in [[Kokborok language]] directed by Ruhi Debbarma that portrayed patriarchal norms through what may be referred to as &quot;feudal familial romance.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Debroy |first=Prajapita |date=2024 |title=Tripuriness Endangered? Identity Politics and the Aesthetics of Indigeneity in Post-Globalization Kokborok Cinema |url=http://mzuhssjournal.in/images/resources/v10n1/debroy.pdf |journal=Mizoram University Journal of Humanities &amp; Social Sciences |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=541 |issn=2395-7352 |eissn=2581-6780}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Barma |first=Aloy Deb |date=2025-04-01 |title=Singing Kokborok, dancing Bollywood: Neo-Bollywoodized Tripuri identities and indigenizing the global in contemporary Kokborok music videos |url=https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/safm_00094_1 |journal=Studies in South Asian Film &amp; Media |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1386/safm_00094_1 |issn=1756-4921|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; It took inspiration from the well-established social/family melodramas of Hindi cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Deb Barma |first1=Aloy |title=CINEMA AS ART &amp; POPULAR CULTURE IN TRIPURA: An Introduction |last2=Debroy |first2=Prajapita |publisher=[[Tribal Research and Cultural Institute]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-81-958995-0-0 |ol=44969662M}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Barma |first=Aloy Deb |date=2024 |title=Talking Back through Peripheral Visions and Negotiating Identity: Kokborok and Bengali Films and Music Videos in Tripura |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/931184 |journal=Journal of Film and Video |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=33–48 |issn=1934-6018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Kokborok Cinema]]<br /> * [[List of Kokborok-language films]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> <br /> * Barma, Aloy Deb. Reading Contemporary Kokborok and Bengali Films and Videos in Tripura: History, Technology and Infrastructure. 2022. Jadavpur U.<br /> * Debroy, Prajapita. Is Tripuriness Endangered? Reading the Diffused Substance of Tripuri Indigeneity and Hybridity in Contemporary Kokborok Films against Bollywood in a Post-Globalization Era. 2023. Tripura U.<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=14229692}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cinema of Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Kokborok]]<br /> [[Category:1993 films]]<br /> [[Category:Kokborok-language films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-film-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ejya_Yadav&diff=452144 2025-11-28T13:56:13Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Ejya Yadav<br /> | image = File:EJYA YADAV.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|7|15}}<br /> | birth_place = Jalalpur [[Mohiuddinagar]], [[Bihar]]<br /> | office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Mohiuddinnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohiuddinnagar]]<br /> | term_start = 2015<br /> | predecessor = [[Ajay Kumar Bulganin]]<br /> | party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | termend = 2020<br /> | succeeded = [[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Bihar politician, born 1974)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ejya Yadav''' (born 15 July 1971) is an Indian politician, academic and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] Bihar representing [[Mohiuddinnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohiuddinnagar]] Vidhan Sabha constituency from the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Mohiuddinnagar Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Rajesh Kumar Singh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mohiuddinnagar-election-result-2020-live-updates-mohiuddinnagar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3060995.html |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Earlier, she had been a professor at Patna Women's College.<br /> <br /> == Career==<br /> Yadav did her schooling at Ranchi Loreto Convent and Patna Notre Dame. Before getting elected as an MLA, she was the Head of the Communicative English Department at [[Patna Women's College]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Between The Devil And The Deep Sea|publisher = Outlook India|date=28 September 2015|author=Frank Krishner|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/between-the-devil-and-the-deep-sea/295454}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Ejya was selected as the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] candidate for [[Mohiuddinnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mohiuddinnagar]] seat ahead of sitting MLA, [[Ajay Kumar Bulganin]], who had represented the area twice before. Bulganin ran as the candidate of the [[Jan Adhikar Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=In Yadav hub, a Bulganin fights for his seat| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151008/jsp/bihar/story_46755.jsp| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013110906/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151008/jsp/bihar/story_46755.jsp| url-status=dead| archive-date=13 October 2015| newspaper=Daily Telegraph|date=8 October 2015|author= Ramashankar}}&lt;/ref&gt; She won the race, defeating her nearest rival, independent candidate Rajesh Singh by over 23,000 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title= Bihar election results: Only 3 of 10 varsity teachers emerge winners|newspaper=Times of India| date=11 November 2015|author=Madan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/bihar-elections-2015/news/Bihar-election-results-Only-3-of-10-varsity-teachers-emerge-winners/articleshow/49742337.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ejya Yadav has gained prominence within the RJD since her election. She was made the party spokesperson. She is seen as someone that can articulate the party's view to both journalists as well as the grassroots, especially since the arrest of party leader [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]. She is one of the few party leaders who has visited Lalu in Ranchi jail to discuss party matters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title= RJD learns to cope without Lalu| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/rjd-learns-to-cope-without-lalu-201528| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306205435/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/rjd-learns-to-cope-without-lalu-201528| url-status=dead| archive-date=6 March 2018| date= 17 January 2018|newspaper=Daily Telegraph| author=Amit Bhelari}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She was the RJD candidate for [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from Mohiuddinnagar but lost to Rajesh Kumar Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Result Notification |url=https://ceobihar.nic.in/PDF/7114NotificationofResult.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Sheezan Nezami|date=Oct 10, 2020 |title=Bihar: RJD dumps some sitting MLAs in 2nd phase polls {{!}} Bihar Assembly Elections 2020 Election News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/rjd-dumps-some-sitting-mlas-in-2nd-phase-polls/articleshow/78581152.cms |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{twitter|ejyayadav_rjd}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Ejya}}<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]<br /> [[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Samastipur district]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zonal_Welfare_Council&diff=546595 2025-11-28T03:57:08Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organisation}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox organisation<br /> | name = Zonal Welfare Council<br /> | abbreviation = <br /> | formation = 1990<br /> | type = [[Not for profit]]<br /> | status = <br /> | purpose = Village development, Women empowerment, Childhood education and health care, Children's welfare<br /> | headquarters = Kolkata<br /> | location = India<br /> | region_served = India<br /> | membership = <br /> | language = <br /> | leader_title = <br /> | leader_name = <br /> | main_organ = <br /> | affiliations = <br /> | budget = <br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.zonalwelfarecouncil.org/}}<br /> | remarks = <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Zonal Welfare Council NGO.jpg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Zonal Welfare Council''' is a grassroots [[NGO]] based in [[Kolkata]], in the [[West Bengal]] state of [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;owler&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.owler.com/company/zonalwelfarecouncil|title=Zonal Welfare Council Competitors, Revenue and Employees - Company Profile on Owler|website=owler.com|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guidestarindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://guidestarindia.org/Organisation.aspx?ccreg=6157|website=guidestarindia.org|title=GuideStar India|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Founded by Shri. Pranab Kumar Chakraborty&lt;ref name=&quot;letzchange&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://letzchange.org/nonprofits/zonal-welfare-council/info|title=Letzchange - Zonal Welfare Council|website=letzchange.org|access-date=17 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; in 1990, it is currently headed by CEO, Akashdeep Chakraborty. {{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> Zonal Welfare Council works mainly in natural resource development and sustainability,&lt;ref name=&quot;mygov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://swachhbharat.mygov.in/user/3132708|title=Zonal Welfare Council &amp;#124; Swachh Bharat #MyCleanIndia|website=swachhbharat.mygov.in|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bitgiving&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bitgiving.com/u/zonal-welfare-council|author=BitGiving|title=BitGiving &amp;#124; ZONAL WELFARE COUNCIL|website=bitgiving.com|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; village development, women empowerment, early childhood education and health care, continuing education, and children's welfare.<br /> <br /> Zonal Welfare Council's main working area is [[Kolkata]] and [[South 24 Parganas]] districts, Zonal Welfare Council is maintaining and running a free orphanage in South 24 Parganas.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzgqENsEalM|title=Zonal Welfare Council -ZWC, A Non Profit Organisation Based in Kolkata |website=YouTube|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Zonal Welfare Council, partnered with LetzChange Foundation, Global Stop TB Team, and Human and Child Trafficking movement in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;stoptrafficking&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.stoptrafficking.in/Directory.aspx|website=stoptrafficking.in|title=Directory|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420210804/http://stoptrafficking.in/Directory.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;stoptb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.www.stoptb.org/partners/partner_profile2.asp?PID=70901|website=www.stoptb.org|title=www.www.stoptb.org/partners/partner_profile2.asp?PID=70901|access-date=17 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;niir&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.niir.org/directory/contact/.../zonal-welfare-council-west-bengal-india.html|title=Error! Contact not present. &amp;#124; Business Directory &amp;#124; NPCS|website=niir.org|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fundraisers.giveindia.org/nonprofits/zonal-welfare-council |title=Zonal Welfare Council - GiveIndia Fundraisers |access-date=29 December 2020 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617063221/https://fundraisers.giveindia.org/nonprofits/zonal-welfare-council |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Zonal Welfare Council provides shelter, food, clothing and nutrition to the street children and orphans.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPv9IuWuOU4|title=Zonal Welfare Council|website=YouTube|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;allbiz&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allbiz.in/zonal-welfare-council_1E-098318-78241|title=Zonal Welfare Council - Bishnupur, Bankura - 098318 78241|website=allbiz.in|access-date=17 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ketto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ketto.org/fundraiser/zonalwelfarecouncil|title=Support for Providing Books and Stationery and Other Support Services to Students Belonging to Poor Families in Rural Villages in West by Zonal Welfare Council|website=Ketto|access-date=17 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Zonal Welfare Council|Zonal Welfare Council Gallery}}<br /> * {{Official website|https://www.zonalwelfarecouncil.org/}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian non-profit}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Charities based in India]]<br /> [[Category:Early childhood education in India]]<br /> [[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations established in 1990]]<br /> [[Category:1990 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indira_Gandhi_Academy_for_Sports_and_Education&diff=504322 2025-11-01T11:39:14Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: new new info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian women's association football club}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox football club<br /> | image = Indira Gandhi AS&amp;E Logo.jpg<br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | nickname = Indira Gandhi AfS&amp;E<br /> | founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|2017}}<br /> | ground = <br /> | capacity = <br /> | owntitle = <br /> | owner = <br /> | chrtitle = Chairman<br /> | chairman = <br /> | mgrtitle = Head Coach<br /> | manager = <br /> | league = Pondicherry Women's League<br /> | season = <br /> | position = <br /> | website = http://mamaniam.org<br /> | current = <br /> &lt;!-- kit --&gt;&lt;!--These kits are based on what the team has said is official. Several variations of these have been used on game day. Please do not edit these.--&gt;<br /> | pattern_la1 =<br /> | pattern_b1 = <br /> | pattern_ra1 =<br /> | pattern_sh1 =<br /> | pattern_so1 = <br /> | leftarm1 = <br /> | body1 = <br /> | rightarm1 = <br /> | shorts1 = <br /> | socks1 = <br /> | pattern_la2 = <br /> | pattern_b2 = <br /> | pattern_ra2 = <br /> | pattern_sh2 = <br /> | pattern_so2 = <br /> | leftarm2 = <br /> | body2 = <br /> | rightarm2 = <br /> | shorts2 = <br /> | socks2 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Indira Gandhi Academy for Sports and Education (AfS&amp;E)''' is an Indian women's [[association football]] club based in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], that competes in the Pondicherry Women's League. They competed in the second edition of the [[Indian Women's League]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=AIFF launches maiden Indian Women's League|url=http://www.espn.in/football/india/story/3045266/aiff-launches-maiden-indian-womens-league|publisher=espn.in|access-date=3 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=AIFF launches professional league for women footballers|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/aiff-launches-professional-league-for-women-footballers-4489784/|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=3 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Indira Gandhi AS&amp;E joined the IWL in 2017 and was formed with core squad of the Jeppiaar Institute F.C which competed in the inaugural edition of IWL in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Amsan|first1=Andrew|title=Indian Women’s League: From coastal town to national forefront, meet the Jeppiaar girls|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/from-coastal-town-to-national-forefront-meet-the-jeppiar-girls-4509742/|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=8 February 2017|date=6 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; They both compete in the Pondicherry Women’s League, the state league of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].&lt;ref name=awayend/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Team records==<br /> ===Seasons===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year<br /> ! colspan=8 class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | League<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=3 class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Top Scorer(s)<br /> |-<br /> !{{tooltip|P|Games played}}<br /> !{{tooltip|W|Games won}}<br /> !{{tooltip|D|Games drawn}}<br /> !{{tooltip|L|Games lost}}<br /> !{{tooltip|GF|Goals for}}<br /> !{{tooltip|GA|Goals against}}<br /> !{{tooltip|Pts|Points}}<br /> !{{tooltip|Pos.|Position}}<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Player(s)<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Goals<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017–18 Indian Women's League season|2017–18]]<br /> | 6<br /> | 1<br /> | 0<br /> | 5<br /> | 8<br /> | 29<br /> | 3<br /> | 6<br /> |align=left|Pradeepa Sekar<br /> | 3<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> * '''Pondicherry Women's League'''<br /> ** Champions (1): 2020–21&lt;ref name=awayend&gt;{{cite web|title=Pondicherry Women’s League |url=https://theawayend.co/pondicherry-womens-league/ |website=The Away End |access-date=23 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180405154356/https://www.the-aiff.com/team-details.htm?id=235 Team profile] at [[All India Football Federation]]<br /> <br /> {{Football in India}}<br /> {{Indian Women's League}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Indira Gandhi ASandE}}<br /> [[Category:Football clubs in Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Association football clubs established in 2017]]<br /> [[Category:2017 establishments in Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Women's football clubs in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Women's League clubs]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperate_coniferous_forest&diff=453398 2025-10-07T10:58:20Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Forests found in areas with warm summers and cool winters}}<br /> [[File:Biome_map_05.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Extent of Temperate coniferous forest]]<br /> '''Temperate coniferous forest''' is a [[terrestrial ecoregion|terrestrial]] [[biome]] defined by the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]]. Temperate [[conifer]]ous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life. In some, needleleaf trees dominate, while others are home primarily to [[Broad-leaved tree|broadleaf]] [[evergreen]] trees or a mix of both tree types.&lt;ref name=wwf&gt;{{CC-notice|bysa3}} {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102145156/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat05.cfm|archive-date=2011-01-02|url=http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat05.cfm|title=Temperate Coniferous Forest Ecoregions|author=World Wide Fund for Nature}}&lt;/ref&gt; A separate habitat type, the [[tropical coniferous forest]]s, occurs in more tropical climates.<br /> <br /> Temperate coniferous forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or [[montane]] areas. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including [[pine]], [[cedrus|cedar]], [[fir]], and [[redwood]]. The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of [[biomass]] in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in [[temperate rainforest]] regions.&lt;ref name=wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an [[overstory]] and [[understory]]. However, some forests may support a layer of [[shrub]]s. Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by [[Graminoid|grasses]] and [[forb]]s that lend themselves to ecologically important [[wildfire]]s. In contrast, the moist conditions found in temperate rain forests favor the dominance by [[fern]]s and some forbs.&lt;ref name=wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Image: Las sosnowy swiezy02.jpg|thumb|A [[pine]] forest is an example of a temperate coniferous forest]]<br /> Forest communities dominated by huge trees (e.g., giant sequoia, ''[[Sequoiadendron gigantea]]''; redwood, ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]''), unusual ecological phenomena, occur in western North America, southwestern South America, as well as in the Australasian region in such areas as southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand.&lt;ref name=wwf/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Klamath Mountains (ecoregion)|Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion]] of western North America harbors diverse and unusual assemblages and displays notable endemism for a number of plant and animal taxa.&lt;ref name=wwf/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> | last = Kauffmann<br /> | first = Michael<br /> | title = Conifer Country<br /> | year = 2012<br /> | location = Kneeland<br /> | publisher = Backcountry Press<br /> | isbn = 978-0-578-09416-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are small, temperate conifer forests in New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Howard M |date=1999-05-17 |title=Stand dynamics of Dacrydium cupressinum dominated forest on glacial terraces, south Westland, New Zealand |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112798004733 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00473-3 |bibcode=1999ForEM.117..111R |issn=0378-1127|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=McGlone |first1=Matt S. |last2=Richardson |first2=Sarah J. |last3=Burge |first3=Olivia R. |last4=Perry |first4=George L. W. |last5=Wilmshurst |first5=Janet M. |date=2017-11-16 |title=Palynology and the Ecology of the New Zealand Conifers |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=5 |article-number=94 |doi=10.3389/feart.2017.00094 |bibcode=2017FrEaS...5...94M |doi-access=free |issn=2296-6463}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ecoregions==<br /> {{gallery|align=center|mode=packed|height=168<br /> |Bor lowland typical forest.jpg|[[Carpathian]] montane conifer forest, [[Slovakia]]<br /> |Zyllnhardgeräumt GO-3.jpg|Forest south of [[Munich]]<br /> |Cedrus deodara Manali 2.jpg|''[[Cedrus deodara]]'' in the [[Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]]<br /> |Petroglyphs Forest.JPG|A temperate coniferous forest ecosystem in [[Petroglyphs Provincial Park]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]<br /> }}<br /> ===Eurasia===<br /> {{Paleartic temperate coniferous forests}}<br /> {{Indomalayan temperate coniferous forest ecoregions}}<br /> ===North America===<br /> {{Nearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> {{Portal|Environment|Ecology|Earth sciences}}<br /> * [[Cedar hemlock douglas-fir forest]]<br /> * [[Temperate deciduous forest]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> *{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.fsl.orst.edu/~waring/Publications/pdf/TempForestEncyc.pdf|last=Waring|first=Richard H|year=2002|chapter=Temperate coniferous forest|pages=560–565|title=Volume 2, The Earth system: biological and ecological dimensions of global environmental change|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd|location=Chichester|access-date=April 18, 2012}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{commons-inline}}<br /> *[http://www.barrameda.com.ar/ecology/temperate-forest.htm Temperate forest]<br /> <br /> {{Biomes}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Temperate Coniferous Forest}}<br /> [[Category:Temperate coniferous forests| ]]<br /> [[Category: Terrestrial biomes]]<br /> [[Category:Conifers]]<br /> [[Category:Forests]]<br /> [[Category:Biomes]]<br /> [[Category:Montane forests]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitred_horseshoe_bat&diff=517974 2025-10-05T01:19:57Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: started a details - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of bat}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> |image=EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 6.jpg<br /> |status=DD<br /> |status_system=IUCN3.1<br /> |status_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 16 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Csorba, G. |author2=Molur, S. |author3=Srinivasulu, C. |date=2016 |title=''Rhinolophus mitratus'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T19554A21993304 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19554A21993304.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |genus=Rhinolophus<br /> |species=mitratus<br /> |authority=[[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1844<br /> |synonyms=<br /> |range_map=Mitred Horseshoe Bat area.png<br /> |range_map_caption=Mitred horseshoe bat range<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''mitred horseshoe bat''' ('''''Rhinolophus mitratus''''') is a species of [[bat]] in the family [[Rhinolophidae]]. It is [[endemism|endemic]] to [[India]]. Little is known about the species, because it is known only from the [[holotype]], the specimen used to [[species description|describe]] the species to science. The specimen was collected in [[Jharkhand]] in 1844.&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 16 November 2021&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Rhinolophidae}}<br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q1762069}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rhinolophidae]]<br /> [[Category:Bats of India]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals described in 1844]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth]]<br /> [[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Rhinolophidae-stub}}</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madacha_Pada&diff=514264 2025-09-20T08:13:26Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: started new info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Madacha Pada<br /> | native_name =<br /> | native_name_lang =<br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline =<br /> | image_alt =<br /> | image_caption =<br /> | etymology =<br /> | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|19.91622543|N|73.09397221|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_footnotes =<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]<br /> | established_title =<br /> | established_date =<br /> | founder =<br /> | seat_type = [[Panchayat]]<br /> | seat =<br /> | leader_party =<br /> | leader_title =<br /> | leader_name =<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_total_km2 =<br /> | elevation_m = 111<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_total = 652<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym =<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code =<br /> | area_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]] --&gt;<br /> | area_code =<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = 551762<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> '''Madacha Pada''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> <br /> According to the [[2011 census of India]], Madacha Pada has 133 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 57.91%.&lt;ref name=&quot;census_2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+ Demographics (2011 Census)&lt;ref name=&quot;census_2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! !! Total !! Male !! Female<br /> |-<br /> | Population || 652 || 319 || 333<br /> |-<br /> | Children aged below 6 years || 96 || 50 || 46<br /> |-<br /> | [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[Scheduled tribe]] || 652 || 319 || 333<br /> |-<br /> | Literates || 322 || 189 || 133<br /> |-<br /> | Workers (all) || 417 || 196 || 221<br /> |-<br /> | Main workers (total) || 376 || 176 || 200<br /> |-<br /> | Main workers: Cultivators || 331 || 157 || 174<br /> |-<br /> | Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 41 || 18 || 23<br /> |-<br /> | Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | Main workers: Other || 4 || 1 || 3<br /> |-<br /> | Marginal workers (total) || 41 || 20 || 21<br /> |-<br /> | Marginal workers: Cultivators || 32 || 14 || 18<br /> |-<br /> | Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 5 || 4 || 1<br /> |-<br /> | Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0<br /> |-<br /> | Marginal workers: Others || 4 || 2 || 2<br /> |-<br /> | Non-workers || 235 || 123 || 112<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vikramgad taluka}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raigachhi&diff=460697 2025-09-06T15:34:54Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: enhanced article further</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Raigachi<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Census Town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.63722|N|88.473232|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country <br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 1.52<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 8,245<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 700135<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = +91 33<br /> | registration_plate = WB <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rajarhat New Town (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajarhat New Town]]<br /> | website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}}<br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Raigachi''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Barasat Sadar subdivision]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm District-wise list of statutory towns] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031732/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |date=2007-08-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | width=520| height=400| zoom=12<br /> | coord={{coord|22|36|0|N|88|28|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bidhannagar subdivision, North 24 Parganas'''&lt;br/&gt; M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: facilities&lt;br/&gt;Abbreviation: UEM - University of Engineering &amp; Management &lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1={{coord|22|38|5|N|88|29|21|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhatenda | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bhatenda]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|22|35|58|N|88|27|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Ghuni| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Ghuni]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|22|36|48|N|88|29|39|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Basina| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Basina, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|29|36|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Bishnupur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bishnupur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|22|36|40|N|88|32|18|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Chandpur |labela5= Champagachhi| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chandpur Champagachhi]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|22|35|55|N|88|27|58|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jatragachhi | numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jatragachhi]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|22|38|14|N|88|28|23|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Raigachhi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7=Raigachhi (CT)|shape-color7=black| label-size7=13|label-color7=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|22|37|5|N|88|28|9|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Rekjuani | numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Rekjuani]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|22|36|16|N|88|27|8|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Sulanggari | numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Sulanggari]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|22|34|48|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Bidhannagar| numbered10=M| mark-title10=[[Bidhannagar]] (M) | shape-color10= #800000<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Aliah University| numbered11=F| mark-title11= [[Aliah University]] (F) |shape-color11=#967117<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|22|33|42|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= St. Xavier's University| numbered12=F| mark-title12= [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color12=#967117<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|22|57|42|N|88|32|39|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= MAKAUT| numbered13=F| mark-title13= [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]] (F) |shape-color13=#967117<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|22|33|27|N|88|29|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= UEM| numbered14=F| mark-title14= [[University of Engineering &amp; Management (UEM), Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color14=#967117<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|22|35|40|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Amity University| numbered15=F| mark-title15= [[Amity University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color15=#967117<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|22|36|21|N|88|28|1|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Eco Park| numbered16=T|shape-color16= #74C365| mark-title16= [[New Town Eco Park]] (T)<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|30|20|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Rajarhat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Rajarhat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= New Town| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[New Town, Kolkata]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord19={{coord|22|38|0|N|88|32|40|E}} | label19= Bidyadhari River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 10| label-pos19=right| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}<br /> <br /> ===Location===<br /> Raigachi is close to Action Area II C and II D of [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]]. [[Deara]] is located nearby.&lt;ref name=google&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Area overview===<br /> Rajarhat, a rural area earlier, adjacent to Kolkata, is being transformed into an upmarket satellite township, with modern business hubs, luxury real estate and eye-catching shopping malls. With enormous construction activity taking place all around, things are changing fast, leaving behind a description at any given point of time as outdated in no time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url = https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5472 | title = Politics of a Transformative Rural: Development, Dispossession and Changing Caste-Relations in West Bengal, India | journal= Ritanjan das| date = 2019 | publisher = Open edition journals, 21/2019 | doi = 10.4000/samaj.5472 |accessdate = 22 June 2021 | last1 = Das | first1 = Ritanjan | issue = 21 | s2cid = 203483548 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bidhannagar subdivision consists of [[Bidhannagar|Bidhannagar Municipality]], Mahishbathan II Gram Panchayat and [[Rajarhat|Rajarhat-Gopalpur Municipality]] (subsequently merged to form [[Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation]] since 2015), including Nabadiganta Industrial Township (Bidhannagar Sector - V) and [[Rajarhat (Community development block)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=http://www.bmcwbgov.in/index.php/about-us/bmc-profile}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Change of guard|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/change-of-guard/cid/1471266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|title=Notification No. 401/MA/O/C4/1A-12/2012 dated 18 Jun 2015|access-date=11 May 2018|publisher=Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726060058/http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> ===Population===<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Raigachi had a total population of 8,245, of which 4,196 (51%) were males and 4,049 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,045. The total number of literate persons in Raigachi was 5,604 (77.83% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 23 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Raigachi had a population of 6728. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Raigachi has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 58% and female literacy is 52%. In Raigachhi, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br /> <br /> ===Kolkata Urban Agglomeration===<br /> The following Municipalities and Census Town in Barasat Sadar subdivision were part of [[List of cities in West Bengal by population#Urban agglomeration|Kolkata Urban Agglomeration]], according to the 2011 census: [[Barasat]] (M), [[Madhyamgram]] (M), [[Rajarhat|Rajarhat-Gopalpur]] (M) (made part of [[Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation]] in 2015) and Raigachi (CT).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 30 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Infrastructure==<br /> As per District Census Handbook 2011, Raigachi covered an area of 1.57&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It had 6 primary schools, 3 middle schools and 3 secondary schools. The nearest degree college was 3&amp;nbsp;km away at Krishnapur. The nearest hospital with 20 beds was 1&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 31 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> SRCM Road and Rajarhat Main Road (part of [[State Highway 3 (West Bengal)|State Highway 3]]) pass along the north and south boundaries of Raigachhi.&lt;ref name=google/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bus===<br /> ====Private Bus====<br /> * 91 [[Shyambazar]] - [[Bhangar Raghunathpur|Bhangar]] Kanthalia (via SRCM Road)<br /> * 91A [[Shyambazar]] - [[Haroa, North 24 Parganas|Haroa]] (via SRCM Road)<br /> * 91C [[Shyambazar]] - [[Lauhati]] (via SRCM Road)<br /> * 211 Ahiritola - Kharibari/Patharghata (via Rajarhat Main Road)<br /> * 211A Ahiritola - Langalpota (via Rajarhat Main Road)<br /> <br /> ====Bus Routes Without Numbers====<br /> * [[Nabanna (building)|Nabanna]] - [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] Chowmatha (via Rajarhat Main Road)<br /> * [[Shyambazar]] - Polerhat (via Rajarhat Main Road)<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> North 24 Parganas district has been identified as one of the areas where ground water is affected by [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb2.htm | title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (19 years study) | access-date = 2007-08-24 | work = Groundwater arsenic contamination status of North 24-Parganas district, one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal-India | publisher = SOES | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002938/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb2.htm | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> [http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf Map Rajarhat CD Block] on Page 605 of District Census Handbook.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 605 - Map of Rajarhat CD Block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 1 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{North 24 Parganas District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]<br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Metropolitan Area]]</div>

LukasBeg27134 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trombidium_grandissimum&diff=541967 2025-07-18T21:26:31Z

<p>LukasBeg27134: adding new entry!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of mite}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption =<br /> | genus = Trombidium<br /> | species = grandissimum<br /> | authority = [[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]], 1867<br /> | range_map = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Trombidium grandissimum''''', commonly known as the '''giant red velvet mite''', is a species of [[mite]] in the genus ''[[Trombidium]]'' in the family [[Trombidiidae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=George |first1=Lighty |last2=Padmalatha |first2=C. |last3=Ranjitsingh |first3=A. J. A. |last4=Dhasarathan |first4=P. |date=2010-12-20 |title=Antifungl Efficiency of Haemolymph and Aqueous Extraction of Red Velvet Mite, T. Grandissimum |journal=International Journal of Biology |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.5539/ijb.v3n1p111 |issn=1916-968X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; This common mite is [[Endemism|endemic]] to northern and central India, especially in the central plateau, and it primarily inhabits arid regions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=De2020&gt;{{cite journal |last1=De |first1=Sayantan |title=Red velvet mite (Trombidium grandissimum) and its extreme strategies for survival |journal=Species |date=2020 |volume=21 |issue=67 |url=http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2020/v21/n67/A20.pdf |access-date=23 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''T. grandissimum'' live on the ground and often hidden among soil, but is commonly seen during the rainy season or after recent rain events, and therefore (along with some other [[red velvet mite]] species) has the nickname of &quot;rain bug&quot;.&lt;ref name=De2020/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> ''Trombidium grandissimum'' is one of the largest species of [[red velvet mite]], with adults typically being about {{cvt|1.2|cm|1}} long.&lt;ref name=De2020/&gt;&lt;ref name=UWLAXfacts&gt;{{Cite web |title=Trombidium grandissimum &quot;Giant Red Velvet Mite&quot; - Facts |url=http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/briggs_kayl/facts.htm |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=bioweb.uwlax.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is bright red and has a soft cushioning skin covered with fine hairs. A study of another species, the spider mite ''[[Tetranychus urticae]]'', showed that the red color was caused by [[carotene]], which was beneficial for their hibernation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bryon |first1=Astrid |last2=Kurlovs |first2=Andre H. |last3=Dermauw |first3=Wannes |last4=Greenhalgh |first4=Robert |last5=Riga |first5=Maria |last6=Grbić |first6=Miodrag |last7=Tirry |first7=Luc |last8=Osakabe |first8=Masahiro |last9=Vontas |first9=John |last10=Clark |first10=Richard M. |last11=Van Leeuwen |first11=Thomas |date=2017-07-18 |title=Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause in Tetranychus urticae |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=114 |issue=29 |pages=E5871–E5880 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1706865114 |pmid=28674017 |pmc=5530703 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114E5871B |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''T. grandissimum,'' belonging to the same order as spider mites, spend an extensive period of time in hibernation under the soil. This might be the reason why they also depend on red pigmentation, by which their [[haemolymph]] is usually coloured.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Microscopy ===<br /> The mites were observed under stereo microscope for the detailed classification and analysis of different parts of their body,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and structural samples were processed using [[Environmental scanning electron microscope|ESEM]] and FESEM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dracopoulos |first1=Vassileios |last2=Danilatos |first2=Gerasimos |date=January 2013 |title=ESEM modifications to LEO SUPRA 35 VP FESEM |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432812001886 |journal=Micron |language=en |volume=44 |pages=238–245 |doi=10.1016/j.micron.2012.06.014|pmid=22841156 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The FESEM images of the front leg [[sensilla]] hairs and claws at the tip usually measured around 500{{nbsp}}μm. Stalked eyes pointed with white arrows measured around 1{{nbsp}}mm. White arrows magnified by ESEM were measured around 400{{nbsp}}μm. The red velvet skin is shown to be covered by sensitive hairs. The whole body hairs showing the branches and arrangement measured around 50{{nbsp}}μm in size.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Behavior ==<br /> ''Trombidium grandissimum'' appears to be [[Diurnality|diurnal]] and will move into light, rather than darkness, if given the choice.&lt;ref name=De2020/&gt; They feed on tiny animal prey, like insects and their eggs.&lt;ref name=De2020/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ruppert |first1=Edward E. |title=Invertebrate zoology : a functional evolutionary approach |date=2004 |first2 = Robert D. | last2 = Barnes | first3 = Richard S. | last3 = Fox | publisher = Thomson-Brooks / Cole |isbn=978-81-315-0104-7 |edition=Seventh |location=Delhi, India |oclc=970002268}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the larval stage, ''T. grandissimum'' attach themselves to insects, most commonly [[Cricket (insect)|crickets]], and suck their fluids; they may occasionally even suck fluids from adults of their own species.&lt;ref name=UWLAXinteractions/&gt;<br /> <br /> In their natural habitat, they were found to move on a horizontal plane. They seemed to be reluctant to climb up against the gravitational force which may be due to their bulky body size and shorter legs. They can easily wriggle their bodies through small openings and thus can easily get inside the burrows of ants and other insects to feed on their eggs. Males and females of Trombidiidae mites perform encircling dances, after which they pair for mating.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Moss |first=W. Wayne |date=December 1960 |title=Description and Mating Behaviour of Allothrombium lerouxi, new species, (Acarina: Trombidiidae), a Predator of Small Arthropods in Quebec Apple Orchards |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/description-and-mating-behaviour-of-allothrombium-lerouxi-new-species-acarina-trombidiidae-a-predator-of-small-arthropods-in-quebec-apple-orchards/8F05355A0D80FDF29C5C466A665F3BBA |journal=The Canadian Entomologist |language=en |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=898–905 |doi=10.4039/Ent92898-12 |s2cid=84189306 |issn=1918-3240|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; A dead mite was found to be surrounded by ants, suggesting that they are non-toxic to other species and their cannibalistic nature suggests the same.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Relationship with humans==<br /> ''T. grandissimum'' feed on insects and other mites, including species that are regarded as [[Pest (organism)|pests]].&lt;ref name=UWLAXfacts/&gt;<br /> <br /> In their native range in India, they are gathered in large numbers when they emerge during prolonged rains. They are made into an oil-based [[traditional medicine]] that is said to be useful for a wide range of things, including immunity related diseases and [[paralysis]].&lt;ref name=oud&gt;Oudhia, P. 1999b. [http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/publications/digital-publications/icrisat-publications-2001/icrisat-ebook-2001-icpn.pdf Traditional medicinal knowledge about red velvet mite ''Trombidium'' sp. (Acari: Trombidiidae) in Chhattisgarh.] ''Insect Environment'' 5(3):113. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607100847/http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/publications/digital-publications/icrisat-publications-2001/icrisat-ebook-2001-icpn.pdf |date=7 June 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/rare-breed-of-insects-in-huge-demand/article7349042.ece| title = Rare breed of insects in huge demand - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 24 June 2015| last1 = Reddy| first1 = T. Karnakar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Research is being conduced to confirm or refute whether this oil has potential for pharmaceutical use.&lt;ref name=UWLAXinteractions&gt;{{Cite web |title=T. grandissimum: Little With Big Interactions |url=http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/briggs_kayl/interactions.htm |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=bioweb.uwlax.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q115393319}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Trombidiidae]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]<br /> [[Category:Animals described in 1867]]</div>

LukasBeg27134