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First Saadulah ministry

2026-05-02T12:07:04Z

Luisa35774: adding stub...

{{Short description|1937 cabinet in the Indian province of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
| date_formed = 1 April 1937
| date_dissolved = 19 September 1938
| government_head = [[Muhammed Saadulah]]
| state_head = [[Robert Reid (civil servant)|Robert Reid]] [[Henry Joseph Twynam]]
| state_head_title = Governor
| government_head_title = Prime Minister
| political_parties = *'''[[Assam Valley Party]]'''
*'''[[All-India Muslim League]]'''
| predecessor =
| successor = [[First Bordoloi ministry (Assam Province)|Bordoloi I]]
| image = Syed Saadulla.jpg
| election = [[1937 Indian provincial elections|1937]]
}}

The '''First Saadulah provincial government''' was the first Cabinet of [[Assam Province]] headed by [[Chief Minister of Assam|Prime Minister of Assam]] [[Muhammed Saadulah]] from 1937 to 1938.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saadulah government |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf}}</ref> The government was formed following the [[1937 Indian provincial elections]], and consisted of two coalition-cabinets.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
Following the [[Government of India Act 1935]] and the [[1937 Indian provincial elections]], the [[Indian National Congress]] won 33 out of the 108 seats in the house and formed the largest party. However, since non-acceptance on forming a ministry was a Congress policy, [[Muhammed Saadulah]] formed a coalition ministry.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Baruah |first=Amlan |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Assam_State_Gazetteer/xy5uAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Assam State Gazetteer |last2=Choudhury |first2=S. B. Roy |date=1999 |publisher=Editor-in-Chief, District Gazetteers, Government of Assam |language=en}}</ref>

In September 1938, the government faced pressure for its communal policies and its neglect of the "people of the soil", and in order to avoid a defeat in a [[Motion of no confidence|motion of no-confidence]], Saadulah resigned.<ref name=":1" />

== Ministers (1937) ==

=== Cabinet ===
The first coalition cabinet lasted from 1 April 1937 to 4 February 1938.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Shibly |first=Atful Hye |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Abdul_Matin_Chaudhury_1895_1948/ua3y6g7IHMAC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Abdul Matin Chaudhury (1895-1948): Trusted Lieutenant of Mohammad Ali Jinnah |date=2011 |publisher=Juned Ahmed Choudhury |isbn=978-984-33-2323-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Indian_Year_Book/yagSAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Abu%20Nasr%20Waheed%20education%20minister |title=Indian Year Book |date=1937 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Research |first=North-East India Council for Social Science |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Journal_of_the_North_East_India_Coun/g-LZAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Abu%20Nasr%20Waheed%20education%20minister |title=The Journal of the North-East India Council for Social Science Research |date=1992 |publisher=B. D. Ray |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Portfolios
!Party
|-
|[[Muhammed Saadulah]]
Prime Minister
|
* Home
* Finance
* Public Works Department
|[[All-India Muslim League|All-India Muslim league]]
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|[[Abu Nasr Waheed|Abu Nasar Muhammad Waheed]]
|
* Education
|United Muslim Party
|-
|[[James Joy Mohan Nichols Roy]]
|
* Local self-government
* Excise
|Progressive Party (Assam)
|-
|[[Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri]]
|
* Revenue
* Judicial
* General
|United People's Party
|-
|[[Ali Haider Khan]]
|
* Agriculture
* Industries
* Cooperative societies
* Registration
|United Muslim Party
|}

== Ministers (1938) ==

=== Cabinet ===
[[File:Saadullah cabinet.jpg|thumb|Swearing-in of 2nd Coalition Saadulluh Ministry at Shillong. Standing (l to r) J.J.M. Nichols-Roy, Syed Sir Mohammad Saadullah, Abdul Matin Chaudhury. Seated (l to r) Rohini Kumar Choudhury, Munawar Ali, Akshay Kumar Das.]]
The second coalition cabinet lasted from 5 February 1938 to 18 September 1938.<ref name=":0" /> There were no Parliamentary Secretaries.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Indian_Information_Series/t2ToWPIH2ugC?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Rohini%20Kumar%20Chaudhuri%20revenue |title=Indian Information Series |date=1938 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Portfolios
!Party
|-
|[[Muhammed Saadulah]]
Prime Minister
|
* Finance
* Home
* Public Works
|[[All-India Muslim League|All-India Muslim league]]
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|[[James Joy Mohan Nichols Roy]]
|
* Local self-government
* Medicine
|Progressive Party (Assam)
|-
|[[Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri]]
|
* Revenue
* Forest
|Hindu People's Party
|-
|[[Munawwar Ali]]
|
* Education
* Excise
|[[All-India Muslim League|All-India Muslim league]]
|-
|[[Abdul Matin Chaudhury|Abdul Martin Choudhury]]
|
* Agriculture
* Industries
* Cooperative societies
* Judicial
|[[All-India Muslim League|All-India Muslim league]]
|-
|[[Akshay Kumar Das]]
|
* Registration
* Legislative
* General department
* Hindu
* Kaibartta (scheduled caste)
|Constitutionalist
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Template:Assam ministries}}
[[Category:Assam ministries]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in India]]

Louis LaRavoire Morrow

2026-04-30T02:35:05Z

Luisa35774: Adding new article.

{{Short description|Roman Catholic bishop in India}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = [[Bishop]]
| honorific-prefix = The Most Reverend
| name = Louis LaRavoire Morrow
| honorific-suffix = S.D.B.
| birth_date = 24 December 1892
| birth_place = [[Weatherford, Texas|Weatherford]], [[Texas]], [[United States]]
| death_date = 31 August 1987
| death_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[Americans|American]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| ordination = 21 May 1921 (priest)
| consecration = 29 October 1939 (bishop)
| title = Bishop Emeritus of [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnangar]]
| other_post = Founder, Sisters of Mary Immaculate; catechetical author
}}

'''Louis LaRavoire Morrow, S.D.B.''' (24 December 1892 – 31 August 1987) was an American-born Roman Catholic bishop, Salesian of Don Bosco, missionary, and author. He served as Bishop of Krishnangar (West Bengal, India) from 1939 to 1969; founded the Sisters of Mary Immaculate congregation; and wrote several catechetical works that were widely used in Catholic schools.<ref name="CH">{{cite web |title=Bishop Louis La Ravoire Morrow, S.D.B. ‡ |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmorrow.html |website=Catholic-Hierarchy |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="SMIHistory">{{cite web |title=History - Sisters of Mary Immaculate |url=https://www.smiofbpmorrow.org/history.html |website=Sisters of Mary Immaculate Mother House, Krishnagar |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Morrow was born on 24 December 1892 in Weatherford, Texas. His family later moved to Mexico, where he completed his education. He joined the Salesians of Don Bosco and was ordained a priest on 21 May 1921.<ref name="OMHDetail">{{cite web |title=About OMH – Our Mission House |url=https://www.omhsmi.org/Home/AboutSMI |website=OMH SMI |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

== Episcopal ministry ==
On 29 October 1939 Morrow was consecrated bishop and took charge of the Diocese of Krishnangar. He spent thirty years leading the diocese, focusing on building schools, churches, and charitable institutions.
In 1948 he founded the Sisters of Mary Immaculate (SMI), a congregation dedicated to education, health care, and social work.<ref name="SMIHistory0">{{cite web |title=Who We Are – Sisters of Mary Immaculate Bangalore Province |url=https://smibangalore.org/about |website=SMI Bangalore Province |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> The novitiate opened in 1950, and the first professions were made in 1952.<ref name="FirstHabit">{{cite web |title=History of the Institute – First Habit & Professions |url=https://www.smiofbpmorrow.org/history.html |website=SMIOFBPMorrow |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> In 1965 he inaugurated the new motherhouse and chapel of the congregation in Krishnangar.<ref name="MinMhg">{{cite web |title=SMI Mother House history |url=https://www.smiofbpmorrow.org/min-mhg.html |website=SMIOFBPMorrow |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

== Institutions and schools ==
Morrow encouraged education and helped establish several schools and parishes in the diocese.

* In January 1959, he supported the foundation of [[:en:Bishop Morrow School|Bishop Morrow School]], which later became affiliated with the ICSE and ISC boards.<ref name="BMSchool">{{cite web |title=Bishop Morrow School |url=https://bmskrishnagar.in/ |website=Bishop Morrow School |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

* In 1973, inspired by his legacy, the Sisters of Mary Immaculate founded [[:en:Chapra Mary Immaculate High School|Chapra Mary Immaculate High School (H.S.)]], which continues to serve the community today.<ref name="ChapraHS">{{cite web |title=CHAPRA MARY IMMACULATE HIGH SCHOOL (H.S.) History |url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/history/19100507802 |website=Banglar Shiksha |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

He also promoted the building and renovation of parish churches, including the cathedral in Krishnangar.

== Later life and death ==
Morrow resigned as Bishop of Krishnangar in 1969 and retired from active ministry. He continued to revise his catechetical writings and remained close to the SMI community. He died on 31 August 1987.<ref name="OMHDetail"/>

== Selected works ==
Morrow is best remembered for his catechetical books, many of which were used in schools and parishes for decades.
* ''My Catholic Faith'' (later revised as ''Our Catholic Faith''), a catechism for adults and youth.<ref name="OMHDetail"/>
* ''My Bible History'', a simplified Old Testament history for students.<ref name="MyBibleHistory">{{cite web |title=My Bible History: Old Testament by Bishop Louis LaRavoire Morrow |url=https://www.stclareaudio.com/st_clare_audio_box/shop/catholic-audiobooks/catholic-childrens/my-bible-history-old-testament-by-bishop-louis-laRavoire-morrow/ |website=St Clare Audio |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Salesian Order]]
[[Category:Founders of Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:People from Weatherford, Texas]]
{{improve categories|date=November 2025}}

Aratrika Maity

2026-04-29T00:21:13Z

Luisa35774: new

{{Short description|Indian Bengali actress and model}}
{{Close connection|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aratrika Maity
| image = Aratrika Maity photo 2025-10-07 000234.png
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2004|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Jhargram]], [[West Bengal]]
| mother = Moumita Maity
| occupation = [[Actress]], Dancer
| years_active = 2019–present
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Khelna Bari]]''|''[[Mithijhora]]''|''Jowar Bhanta''}} [[Lawho Gouranger Naam Rey]]
}}
'''Aratrika Maity''' is an Indian actress and model who works in Bengali television industry. She is best known for portrayals in television soap operas ''[[Khelna Bari]]'' and ''[[Mithijhora]]''. She recently received an award at [[Zee Bangla|Zee Bangla's]] annual event which is commonly known as zee banglar sonar sansar (2026).

== Early life and education ==
Aratrika was born on 13 December 2004 in [[Jhargram]], West Bengal, India.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Anisha |date=2025-09-09 |title=Aratrika Maity (Actress) |url=https://showbizbuff.com/aratrika-maity/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Showbiz Buff |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aratrika Maity |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2024/02/04/actress-aratrika-maity-engaging-pictures.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Aratrika Maity |language=ml}}</ref> She completed her schooling from Netajinagar Balika Vidya Mandir and later got enrolled at Ramkrishna Mission Sarada Mancha for higher studies.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Pranami |date=2025-04-06 |title=Aratrika Maity Age, Biography, Height, Boyfriend, Serials In 2025 |url=https://www.mumbaikarsperspective.com/biographies/aratrika-maity-age-biography-height-boyfriend-serials-in/cid16520938.htm |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.mumbaikarsperspective.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Career ==
Maity began her career with a supporting role in the soap opera ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]'' ([[Zee Bangla]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=পার্শ্ব চরিত্র থেকে নায়িকা! কঠিন লড়াই করে সফলতার মুখ দেখেছেন আরাত্রিকা, কীভাবে শুরু হয় পর্দার রাইয়ের বিনোদন জগতের যাত্রা? |url=https://tollytales.com/entertainment/bangla-serial/tollywood-actress-aratrika-maitys-story-about-acting-career-42999 |access-date=2025-10-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> She got her first lead role in the daily soap ''Agnishikha'' ([[Sun Bangla]]).<ref name="auto1"/> She gained further recognition with ''[[Khelna Bari]]'' which aired on [[Zee Bangla]]. She made her debut on big screen in the film ''[[Lawho Gouranger Naam Rey]]'' as Lakshmipriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=জবর খবর! সৃজিতের ছবিতে বড় চমক, সরলেন দর্শনা! ‘লহ গৌরাঙ্গের নাম রে’-তে দিব্যজ্যোতির বিপরীতে আরাত্রিকা! চৈতন্যর লক্ষ্মীপ্রিয়া হচ্ছেন আমাদের ‘রাই’?আরাত্রিকা|url=https://tollytales.com/entertainment/tollywood/aratrika-maity-to-join-the-cast-of-lawho-gouranger-naam-re-opposite-dibyojyoti-dutta-by-replacing-darshana-banik-44222#google_vignette}}</ref>

==Television==
===Serials===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Serial
!Character
! Channel
! Role
! Production House
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''
| Padma Dasi
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| Episodic Role (Debut)
| Subrata Roy Production
| Special Appearance
|-
|2021
|''Agnisikha''
| Sikha
| [[Sun Bangla]]
|rowspan="4"| Lead Role
|Friends Communication
|
|-
|2022-2023
|''[[Khelna Bari]]''
|Mitul Lahiri ({{née|Paul}})
|rowspan="3"| [[Zee Bangla]]
| Zee Bangla Productions
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/i-was-afraid-to-shoot-with-biswajit-da-but-he-made-me-feel-really-comfortable-says-khelna-baris-mitul-aka-aratrika-maity/articleshow/91590420.cms|title= 'I was afraid to shoot with Biswajit Da but he made me feel really comfortable,' says Khelna Bari’s Mitul aka Aratrika Maity}}</ref>
|-
|2023-2025
|''[[Mithijhora]]''
|Raipurna Sen ({{née|Mukherjee}})
| Organic Studios
|
|-
|2025-Present
|''[[Jowar Bhanta]]''
| Ujjwala Banerjee ({{née|Mitra}}) aka Uji
| Tent Cinema
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thekolkatamail.com/new-serial-jowar-bhata-explores-the-special-bond-between-sisters/|title= New Serial Jowar Bhata Explores The Special Bond Between Sisters}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Mahalaya===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
!Role
! Channel
!Notes
|-
|2022
|''Singhabahini Trinayani''
|Devi Mahalakshmi
|rowspan="3"| [[Zee Bangla]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kundu |first=Kasturi |url=https://eisamay.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/mahalaya-zee-bangla-2022-mahishamardini-as-subhashree-ganguly-other-characters-look-also-revealed/94255575.cms|title=অসুর বধ করতে তৈরি মহিষাসুরমর্দিনী শুভশ্রী, মহালয়ার ভোরে সঙ্গে থাকছেন মিঠাই থেকে গৌরী}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Nobopotrikaye Debibaran''
|Devi Raktadantika
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durga Puja: দুর্গার রূপে চেনা অভিনেত্রীরাও যেন অচেনা, মহালয়ার বিশেষ অনুষ্ঠানের লুক প্রকাশ্যে আনল এবিপি লাইভ|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/durga-puja-mahalaya-special-program-of-zee-bangla-look-reveled-film-your-favorited-heroin-see-in-photos-1011123}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''Noborupe Debi Durga''
|Devi Kalrati
|
|-
|2024
|''Mahisasurmardini''
|Devi Bhubaneshwari, Katayani and Mahisasurmardini
| Telly Durga
|
|-
|2025
|''Jago Maa Jago Durga''
|Devi Koushiki
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahalaya 2025: 'কোন গোপনে মন ভেসেছে' শেষ হতেই ফিরছে রণজয়-শ্বেতা জুটি, দ্বৈত চরিত্রে কোন চমক ইধিকার?|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/photos/this-year-zee-bangla-mahalaya-theme-focuses-on-the-shongharkari-roop-of-maa-durga-10072191}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
!Category
!Role
!Show
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|rowspan="4"|''Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar Awards''
| Priyo Maa
|rowspan="2"| Mitul
|rowspan="2"| [[Khelna Bari]]
|-
| Priyo Bou
|-
|2024
| Priyo Meye
| Raipoorna
|rowspan="2"| [[Mithijhora]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2025
| Jury's Choice Special Juti
| Raipoorna-Anirban (with Suman Dey)
|-
|''Telly Academy Awards''
| Priyo Juti
| Nisha-Uji (with [[Shruti Das]])
|rowspan="3"|Jowar Bhata
|-
|rowspan="2"|2026
|rowspan="2"|'''Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar Awards''
| Priyo Nayika
|rowspan="2"|Uji
|-
| Priyo Bouma
|-
|}

==Films==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Movie
! Role
! Director
! Notes
! {{Refh}}
|-
|2025
|''[[Lawho Gouranger Naam Rey]]''
| Lakshmipriya
| [[Srijit Mukherjee]]
|
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/aratrika-maity-and-alakananda-guha-in-loho-gouranger-naam-re-film/pid/1047196/|title= ছোটপর্দার দুই মুখেই ভরসা সৃজিতের, ‘লহ গৌরাঙ্গের নাম রে’তে কোন ভূমিকায় দেখা যাবে?}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maity, Aratrika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:2004 births]]

The Entrepreneurship Cell, IIT Bombay

2026-04-27T04:10:02Z

Luisa35774: new pg

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=April 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name =
| full_name = '''The Entrepreneurship Cell, IIT Bombay'''
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| logo = Logo for Entrepreneurship Cell, IITB.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_alt = Logo of E-Cell IIT Bombay
| logo_caption = Official Logo of E-Cell, IIT Bombay
| image =
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| abbreviation = E-Cell, IITB
| nickname =
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| founded = {{start date and age|1998}}
| founding_location = IIT Bombay
| dissolved = 
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| type = Non-profit organization
| tax_id = 
| registration_id = 
| status = Active
| purpose = 
| professional_title = 
| headquarters = Student Activity Center [[IIT Bombay]]
| location = Mumbai, India
| focus = [[Entrepreneurship]]
| coordinates = 
| origins =
| region_served = India and overseas
| products = 
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| website = [http://ecell.in ecell.in]
| remarks =
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}}
'''The Entrepreneurship Cell, IIT Bombay''', also known as E-Cell, IIT Bombay, is the primary [[entrepreneurship]] promoting body of the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]], managed and run completely by the students of the institute. It organizes initiatives like the annual [[business plan]] competition Eureka! and the flagship event, The Entrepreneurship Summit (E-Summit) in January each year, which receives a footfall of over 30,000 people who include students, investors, corporates, mentors, celebrities and the most important; Entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/iit-bombay-student-youtuber-eknoor-singh-shares-journey-from-cracking-iit-jee-to-life-at-iits-excl--article-92591608| title=IIT Bombay Student, YouTuber Eknoor Singh shares journey from cracking IIT JEE to life at IITs [Excl.]| language=en |accessdate=2022-05-11}}</ref>

== History ==
In October 1998, The Entrepreneurship Cell was formed by the students of IIT Bombay with the mission of promoting the culture of entrepreneurship within the campus of IIT Bombay. E-Cell IIT Bombay was one of the founding members of the [[National Entrepreneurship Network]].

In 1999, 'Right Half', the first campus startup of IIT Bombay and any engineering institute in India was founded by Kashyap Deorah (B.Tech, CSE, Batch of 2000) along with two of his batchmates in their final year.

In 2000, [[business incubator]] SINE was inaugurated by Mr. [[Nandan Nilekani]] (Founder & Ex-CEO, [[Infosys]]) and Mr. [[Kanwal Rekhi]] (Venture Capitalist & Director, [[TiE]]). The incubator jump starts with 8 startups in the year.

In 2008, E-Cell, IIT Bombay represented India and the Indian sub-continent at the `Global Conference of E-Cells’ organized by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] at [[Madrid]], Spain in April 2008.

In 2010, 1985 batch of IIT-B decides to support Eureka.

In 2011, E-Cell officially collaborated with E-Bootcamp organized by BASES (Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students), [[Stanford University]] for Eureka!

In 2014, the first edition of The Ten Minute Million Challenge (TTMM) was held. The competition provided on-spot funding to its participants.<ref name="TOIEnvoyage">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/imthyderabadhosted-envoyage-2014-in-collaboration-with-ecell-iit-bombay-its-apre-summit-workshop-which-aims-at-spreading-awareness-about-entrepreneurship-summit-to-be-held-at-iit-bombay-on-february-1-and-2-2014-/articleshow/28417176.cms ''IMT Hyderabad hosted Envoyage 2014 in collaboration with E-Cell IIT Bombay''], ''The Times of India''.</ref>

In 2015, FCoF, a platform to connect startups to freelancers and their potential co-founders was launched. Alongside, Startup Services Platform (SSP) was launched to provide legal and financial consultancies to startups at minimal rates. E-Summit was provided patronage from [[Government of India|GoI]]'s flagship initiative [[Make in India]]. E-Summit saw the edition of two new events, Business Conclave and Innovation Conclave.

In 2017, Swacch and EnTech were initiated. Swacch was a social campaign that encouraged the people of [[Mumbai]] to keep the public spaces clean. EnTech envisioned to support and increase the technology startups from IIT Bombay.

In 2018, Pre-Summit, an initiative aimed at promoting the E-Summit was launched.

In 2020, E-Summit is taken completely online in order to adapt with the pandemic.

In 2024, E-Cell IIT Bombay hosted E-Summit ’24 on 3–4 February. <ref name="IE24">“IIT Bombay’s entrepreneurship cell’s annual conclave kicks off today,” Indian Express, February 3, 2024.</ref> As part of the summit, “The Ten Minute Million” event allowed startups to pitch to 16 investors for funding of up to ₹2.4 million.<ref name="IE24"/> The lineup of on-campus competitions included events such as IPL Auction, Leader’s Quest, Bid & Build, Corporate Duel, Fish Tank, and Ace the Case, with prize money exceeding ₹1 lakh. <ref name="IE24"/>

== Initiatives ==

===Desai Sethi School for Entrepreneurship===
IIT Bombay established an [[Desai Sethi School for Entrepreneurship|Entrepreneurship Centre]] at its premises, with a generous funding received from Mr. [[Bharat Desai]] and Ms. Neerja Sethi, under the aegis of The Desai Sethi Family Foundation. Initially named as Desai Sethi Centre for Entrepreneurship, it fosters entrepreneurship and technology innovation through relevant courses, laboratories and partnerships. Students in the programme receive instruction and mentorship from IIT Bombay faculty as well as distinguished guest faculty from leading international institutions and industry. The establishment of the Centre was announced by the Director of IIT Bombay during the inaugural session of Entrepreneurship Summit (E-Summit 2014), which was organized by the Entrepreneurship Cell of the Institute on 1–2 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iitb.ac.in/dsce/en |title=Desai Sethi Centre for Entrepreneurship {{!}} |website=www.iitb.ac.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073016/http://www.iitb.ac.in/dsce/en |archive-date=2016-12-27}}</ref> Five years later, in December 2019, the Centre was renamed as [[Desai Sethi School for Entrepreneurship]].

===Deferred Placement Policy===
With the start-up ecosystem of the institute flourishing and students being keener on taking up entrepreneurial challenges, the Placement Cell has played its part by announcing the introduction of the DPP(Deferred Placement Policy). This policy aims to encourage students who're looking to work on their own start-up idea by safeguarding them against the risk of having to forgo campus placements. According to this initiative, students interested in pursuing an entrepreneurial activity would be given an option to defer their placements by 2 years. The need for a DPP(Deferred Placement Policy) was envisaged due to the current trend of rising interest in entrepreneurship, partly owing to the success of The Entrepreneurship Cell's efforts in fostering an entrepreneurial culture within and outside the institute.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/only-15-iitians-opt-out-of-career-race-for-studies-1-to-start-venture/articleshow/66740617.cms|title = IIT Bombay: Only 15 IIT-Bombay students opt out of career race for studies, 1 to start venture | Mumbai News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=22 November 2018 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]
* [[Entrepreneurship]]

==References==
<references />
{{Refbegin}}
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iitb-to-help-colleges-set-up-cells-to-train--entrepreneurs/1156588/
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iitb-to-launch-startup-bootcamp-students-can-now-translate-business-ideas-into-plans/1154552/
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iitbs-eureka-moment-over-100-foreign-entries/1178629/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131214115420/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-19/indore/33951932_1_business-plan-indore-biz-plan-contest ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130822110531/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-19/news/41424427_1_entrepreneurship-summit-the-e-cell-colleges ]
* http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/iit-bombay-ecell-to-organise-tedx-on-august-23/article2380410.ece
* http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/education/iitbombay-woos-students-with-panindia-entrepreneurship-contest/article5042151.ece
* http://www.sineiitb.org/partners.html
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ecell-to-help-budding-entrepreneurs-at-iitbombay/826240/
* http://www.ecell.in/
* http://iitb.ac.in/EntpCentre/ESum2014.htm
{{Refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Entrepreneurship Cell, IIT Bombay}}
[[Category:IIT Bombay]]
[[Category:Student organisations in India]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurship in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1998]]

Narkatiaganj Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:31:55Z

Luisa35774: Adding a info.

{{Short description|Vidhan Sabha Constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narkatiaganj
| type = SLA
| map_image = 3-Narkatiaganj constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =[[Sanjay Kumar Pandey]] 
| incumbent_image =
| party = {{Party index link|Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP}} 
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
| preceded_by = Rashmi Varma
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|1. Valmiki Nagar]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|3]]
| established = 2008
| electors = 277,575
| reservation = None
| abolished = 
}}
'''Narkatiaganj Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[West Champaran district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Overview==
As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 3. Narkatiaganj Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Dhumnagar, Shikarpur, Hardi Tedha, Malda Maldi, Semari, Manwa Parsi, Chamua, Nautanwa, Dumaria, Binawalia, Maldahiya Pokhariya, Kehunia Roari, Parorahan, Purainia Harsari, Rajpur Tumkaria, Sugauli, Kundilpur, Bheriharwa, Gokhula, Kesharia, Kukura, Serahwa, Rakahi
Champapur, Banwaria, Bhasurari [[gram panchayat]]s and [[Narkatiaganj]] [[notified area]] of Narkatiganj [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; Telpur, Deurawa, Bagahi Basawaria, Dhobini, Gonauli Dumra and Lakar Sisai gram panchayats of Lauriya CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Narkatiaganj Assembly constituency is part of 1. [[Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=commission/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web|title=Narkatiaganj Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/narkatiaganj.html|access-date=2022-01-30|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|colspan="4"|{{center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|[[Satish Chandra Dubey]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2014 elections in India#Bihar|2014]]^
|[[Rashmi Varma]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|Vinay Varma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Rashmi Varma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Sanjay Kumar Pandey]]
|}
^by-election

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/ConstituencywiseS043.htm
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Narkatiaganj<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sanjay Kumar Pandey]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:100044}}
|percentage = 50.86
|change = +5.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Deepak Yadav
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:73586}}
|percentage = 37.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shaswat Kedar
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:5388}}
|percentage = 2.74
|change = -30.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Md Wasiullah
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:4238}}
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ishteyak Ahamad
|votes = {{formatnum:3831}}
|percentage = 1.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Maya Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:2337}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2203}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change = +0.12
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26458}}
|percentage = 13.45
|change = +0.62
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196691}}
|percentage = 70.86
|change = +8.87
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: [[Narkatiaganj]]<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rashmi Varma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:75484}}
|percentage = 45.85
|change = {{increase}}19.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vinay Varma
|votes = {{formatnum:54350}}
|percentage = 33.02
|change = {{decrease}}4.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Renu Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:7674}}
|percentage = 4.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Naushad Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:5408}}
|percentage = 3.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Manjeet Kumar Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:2913}}
|percentage = 1.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nathu Ravi
|votes = {{formatnum:2051}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bablu Kumar Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:1805}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1647}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change = {{increase}}0.52
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:21134}}
|percentage = 12.83
|change = {{increase}}2.38
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:164615}}
|percentage = 61.99
|change = {{decrease}}1.2
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Narkatiaganj<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vinay Varma
|votes = {{formatnum:57212}}
|percentage = 37.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Renu Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:41151}}
|percentage = 26.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rashmi Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:39200}}
|percentage = 25.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rambhaju Mahato
|votes = {{formatnum:2262}}
|percentage = 1.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Naushad Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:2124}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shailesh Mishra
|votes = {{formatnum:1666}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Prem Narayan Ojha
|votes = {{formatnum:1431}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:740}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16061}}
|percentage = 10.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:153571}}
|percentage = 63.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 bypoll===
{{Election box begin|
|title=By-elections, 2014: Narkatiaganj}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rashmi Verma]]
|votes = 64602
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Fakhruddin Khan
|votes = 48860
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = JPS
|candidate = Rambhaju Mahato
|votes = 3769
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Manjubala Pathak
|votes = 3694
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Mukhtar Miya
|votes = 1846
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = none of the above
|candidate = NOTA
|votes = 1514
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Bhot Chaturvedi
|votes = 1425
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Niranjan Mishra
|votes = 1137
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Naushad Alam
|votes = 1133
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Anand Singh
|votes = 673
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Jahid Hussain
|votes = 528
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,742
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,27,667
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing=
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Narkatiaganj}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satish Chandra Dubey]]
|votes = 45,022
|percentage = 38.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Alok Prasad Verma
|votes = 24,794
|percentage = 20.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Fakhruddin Khan
|votes = 22,381
|percentage = 18.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Majhar Alam
|votes = 8243
|percentage = 6.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Nurul Hoda Shah
|votes = 4680
|percentage = 3.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Krishna Kumar Mishra
|votes = 3980
|percentage = 3.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Jainul Haque
|votes = 1642
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Panchdeo Chaubey
|votes = 1475
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Asima Khatoon
|votes = 1300
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
|candidate = Manoj Patel
|votes = 1238
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Om Shanti Baba
|votes = 923
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Nand Lal Ram
|votes = 817
|percentage = 0.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|party = IJP
|candidate = Baidhnath Chaubey
|votes = 706
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|party = ABAS
|candidate = Shekh Hasmuddin
|votes = 635
|percentage = 0.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|party = RKJP
|candidate = Iftekhar Ahmad
|votes = 446
|percentage = 0.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 20,228
|percentage = 17.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,18,282
|percentage = 59.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing=
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}
{{coord|27|06|20|N|84|27|57|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of West Champaran district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Mandahasa

2026-04-14T00:42:19Z

Luisa35774:

{{Short description|2013 Kannada-language film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mandahasa 
| image =
| caption =
| director = Rajesh R Nair
| producer = S Basava Reddy
| writer = Manju Mandavya (dialogue)
| screenplay = Rajesh R Nair
| story = Rajesh R Nair
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Rakesh Adiga]]
*Nikki Das
*Chethan
}}
| narrator =
| music = Veer Samarth
| cinematography = Santhosh Rai Pathaaje
| editing = K M Prakash
| studio = Advik Motion Picture Company Pvt Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|08|30}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mandahasa''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by Rajesh R Nair, starring [[Rakesh Adiga]], Nikki Das and Chethan in lead roles. The film released on 30 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mandahasa-replaces-tony-in-triveni-theatre/articleshow/22092033.cms|title=Mandahasa replaces Tony in Triveni theatre|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/130329/will-mandahaasa-bring-smile-their.html|title=Will 'Mandahaasa' bring smile on their faces?|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=18 January 2011|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053615/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/130329/will-mandahaasa-bring-smile-their.html}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rakesh Adiga]] as Aditya
* Nikki Das as Anjali<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2013/aug/28/nikki-high-on-her-debut-release-511228.html|title=Nikki high on her debut release|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=28 August 2013|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053614/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2013/aug/28/Nikki-high-on-her-debut-release-511228.html}}</ref>
* Chethan as Rohan
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]]
* [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]]
* [[All Ok]]
* [[Mithra (actor)|Mithra]]
* Ashok Sharma
* [[Bhavya]]
}}

== Production ==
The film began production with a principal photography on 15 December 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/governors-blessings/articleshow/21970730.cms|title=Governor's blessings|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=15 December 2009|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053614/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/governors-blessings/articleshow/21970730.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-scenic-shoot/articleshow/21967472.cms|title=A scenic shoot|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=21 December 2009|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053614/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-scenic-shoot/articleshow/21967472.cms}}</ref>

In February 2010, news reports falsely claimed that [[Asha Bhosle]] made her Kannada debut through this film for the item song "Jotegaaranilla" written by Raghavendra Kamath. The song was never released after producer Prathap Gowda claimed the rights of the song from for the film ''Manikya'', which was later dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/misremembered-debut-and-unused-song-asha-bhosles-kannada-story/articleshow/130217112.cms|title=Misremembered debut and unused song: Asha Bhosle’s Kannada story|date=13 April 2026|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = Mandahasa 
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Veer Samarth
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:12
| language = Kannada
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2012
| year = 2014
| next_title =
| next_year = 2013
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube| 2yImiREB53A| Mandahasa - Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 34:12
| title1 = Kannanchinalli
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 4:43
| title2 = Manase Manase
| extra2 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length2 = 4:58
| title3 = Modala Chaddi
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length3 = 4:42
| title4 = Modala Cheddi
| extra4 = Chetan Sosca
| length4 = 4:47
| title5 = Naada Omkara
| extra5 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length5 = 5:04
| title6 = Sariyenu Ninna
| extra6 = Veer Samarth
| length6 = 5:40
| title7 = Yarigoo Kanada
| extra7 = [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length7 = 5:38
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "While Chethan has done a splendid job as the first hero, Rakesh Adiga shows amazing talent in the climax with powerful dialogue delivery and body language. Nikki Das has done justice to her role. Srinath as heroine’s father is gracious".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mandahasa/movie-review/22187437.cms?from=mdr|title=MANDAHASA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mandahasa/movie-review/22187437.cms?from=mdr}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "The music by Veer Samarth is fresh. All said and done, ''Mandahasa'' is definitely a must watch with a ''hatke'' (offbeat) love story. The Verdict: This light-hearted musical drama is in top order".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2013/Aug/31/mandahasa-a-musical-in-top-order-511892.html|title=Mandahasa: A musical in top order|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=31 August 2013|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053615/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2013/aug/31/Mandahasa-A-musical-in-top-order-511892.amp}}</ref> B S Srivani from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "Many may not like the close-to-reality climax but looks like ghostly intervention in love matters is making a strong comeback after Shravana Bantu! Music and camerawork are the highlights of Mandahaasa and little else".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/354419/drunken-driving-brings-ghosts-party.html|title=Drunken driving brings ghosts to the party|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=31 August 2013|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053616/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/354419/drunken-driving-brings-ghosts-party.html}}</ref> A critic from [[Bangalore Mirror]] wrote  "Not bad, but the actors are too immature to pull it off. It would be a spoiler to reveal the only turning point in the film. But we cannot help, but say that ''Mandahasa'' is a humbler version of ''[[Shravana Banthu|Shravana Bantu]]''".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mandahasa-the-last-resort/articleshow/22252791.cms|title=Mandahasa: The last resort|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=29 August 2013|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922053615/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mandahasa-the-last-resort/articleshow/22252791.cms}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

Samaram Garasiya

2026-04-12T00:14:44Z

Luisa35774: new entry...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Samaram Garasiya
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|12th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| predecessor = Lala Ram Garasiya
| successor = Ganga Ben Garasiya
| term_start = 2003
| term_end = 2008
| constituency = [[Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency|Pindwara-Abu]]
| office1 = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|14th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| predecessor1 = Ganga Ben Garasiya
| successor1 =
| term_start1 = 2013
| term_end1 = 2018
| constituency1 = [[Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency|Pindwara-Abu]]
| office2 = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|15th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start2 = 2018
| term_end2 = 2013
| constituency2 = [[Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency|Pindwara-Abu]]
| office3 = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|16th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| native_name = समाराम गरासिया
| native_name_lang = Hi
| constituency3 = [[Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency|Pindwara-Abu]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| assembly = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor3 = Leelaram Grasiya
| successor3 =
| term_start3 = 2023
| term_end3 =
| source =
| party = [[BJP|Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| birth_name =
| father =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
}}

'''Samaram Garasiya''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=Election2023/> He is a member of the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] and represents the [[Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency]] in [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]] district.<ref name=Election2023>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/pindwara-abu-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470762-2023-12-03|title=Pindwara Abu Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Samaram wins Pindwara Abu with 70647 votes|date=3 December 2023 |publisher=indiatoday.in|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= RAJASTHAN ELECTION 2013: Pindwara-Abu ASSEMBLY SEAT
|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/samaram-20147-1|publisher=ndtv.com|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref>

He previously served as a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|12th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], and the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|15th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], also representing Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency.<ref>{{cite web|title= Pindwara Abu Assembly Constituency Election Result
|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/pindwaraabu-rajasthan-assembly-constituency|publisher=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Pindwara Abu Assembly Constituency Election Result
|url=https://www.abplive.com/live-election-results-2018-rajasthan-constituency-pindwara-abu-detail.html|publisher=abplive.com|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref>

==Career==
Following the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-369S20.htm|title=General Elections to Assembly Constituencies:Trends & Results Dec-2023|publisher=results.eci.gov.in|access-date = 2023-12-04}}</ref> he was elected as an MLA from the Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency, defeating Leelaram Grasiya, the candidate from the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), by a margin of 13,094 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/pindwara-abu-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830533-2023-12-03|title=Pindwara Abu, Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Samaram wins in Pindwara Abu by 13094 votes|date=3 December 2023 |publisher=[[Aaj Tak]]|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref><ref name=Election2023/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garasiya, Samaram}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship

2026-04-08T14:42:10Z

Luisa35774: Adding bio

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship
| image = Lalit Kala Akademi.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = Award for individual contributions to [[Fine Arts]]
| awarded_for = Honour for the fine arts in [[India]]
| sponsor = [[Lalit Kala Akademi]]
| firstawarded = 1955
| lastawarded = 2021
| reward =
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder =
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner =
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner = [[Jamini Roy]]
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner ={{bulleted list|Himmat Shah|[[Jyoti Bhatt]]|Shyam Sharma}}
| website ={{URL|https://lalitkala.gov.in/}}
| previous =
| next =
}}
The '''Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship''', also known as '''Lalit Kala Akademi ''Ratna''''' ([[Sanskrit]] ''ratna'', "gem") is an honor for the [[fine art]]s in [[India]]. It is awarded to eminent artists for their lifetime achievements in the field of visual arts by the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], India's National Academy of Art. It is regarded as the highest recognition and honour that can be bestowed on an artist in the country as the academy is a national body of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-02 |title=Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship |url=https://lalitkala.gov.in/fellowship.html |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=Lalit Kala Akademi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002131209/https://lalitkala.gov.in/fellowship.html |archive-date=2 October 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ‘Fellow,’ carries a purse-money of Rs.25,000/-, a citation and a plaque. The Fellow is honored with a portfolio about their major art works. The first elected fellow was [[Jamini Roy]] in 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-15 |title=Lalit Kala Akademi Fellows |url=http://lalitkala.gov.in/recognition/fellows.asp |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=Lalit Kala Akademi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615063915/http://lalitkala.gov.in/recognition/fellows.asp |archive-date=15 June 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Most recent fellowship was awarded for the year 2021 to Himmat Shah, [[Jyoti Bhatt]] and Shyam Sharma on 9 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Vice President confers Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, Awards and National Awards of Lalit Kala Akademi to eminent artists |url=https://newsonair.com/2022/04/09/vice-president-confers-sangeet-natak-akademi-fellowship-awards-and-national-awards-of-lalit-kala-akademi-to-eminent-artists/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=NewsOnAIR - |language=en-US |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409103843/https://newsonair.com/2022/04/09/vice-president-confers-sangeet-natak-akademi-fellowship-awards-and-national-awards-of-lalit-kala-akademi-to-eminent-artists/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-04-10 |title=Use art to honour unsung heroes of India: Venkaiah Naidu |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/use-art-to-honour-unsung-heroes-of-india-venkaiah-naidu/article65307279.ece |access-date=2022-05-08 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508183705/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/use-art-to-honour-unsung-heroes-of-india-venkaiah-naidu/article65307279.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==List of Fellows==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of Lalit Kala Akademi Fellows
!Year
!Image
!Recipient
|-
|1955
|
|{{Sortname|Jamini|Roy}}
|-
|1956
|[[File:Cropped Nandalal Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg|100x100px]]
|{{Sortname|Nandalal|Bose}}
|-
|1962
|[[File:Deviprasad Roy Chowdhury.jpg|161x161px]]
|{{Sortname|D. P.|Roy Choudhury}}
|-
|1962
|
|{{Sortname|K.|Venkatappa}}
|-
|1963
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|O. C.|Ganguly}}
|-
|1964
|[[File:Nanasaheb Karmarkar.jpg|133x133px]]
|{{Sortname|Vinayak Pandurang|Karmarkar}}
|-
|1964
|[[File:Sawlaram_Haldankar.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|S. L.|Haldankar|Sawlaram Haldankar}}
|-
|1964
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Rai Kishan|Dass|nolink=1}}
|-
|1965
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|G.|Venkatachalam|nolink=1}}
|-
|1965
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|C.|Sivaramamurti}}
|-
|1970
|
|{{Sortname|Benode Behari|Mukherjee}}
|-
|1970
|[[File:RavishankarRaval 1966.jpg|148x148px]]
|{{Sortname|Ravishankar|Raval}}
|-
|1974
|[[File:N. S. Bendre.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|N. S.|Bendre}}
|-
|1974
|[[File:Mulk_Raj_Anand.jpg|157x157px]]
|{{Sortname|Mulk Raj|Anand}}
|-
|1976
|
|{{Sortname|Ramkinkar|Baij}}
|-
|1976
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Kanwal|Krishna|nolink=1}}
|-
|1976
|[[File:Kkhebbar.jpg|120x120px]]
|{{Sortname|K. K.|Hebbar}}
|-
|1976
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|K. C. S.|Paniker}}
|-
|1978
|[[File:MFHussain2.jpg|118x118px]]
|{{Sortname|M. F.|Husain}}
|-
|1978
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Dhanraj|Bhagat}}
|-
|1980
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|B. C.|Sanyal}}
|-
|1980
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Karl Jamshed|Khandalavala}}
|-
|1980
|[[File:V. R. Amberkar.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|V. R.|Amberkar|nolink=}}
|-
|1980
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|P. T.|Reddy|link=Pakhal Tirumal Reddy}}
|-
|1982
| [[File:K. S. Kulkarni.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|K. S.|Kulkarni}}
|-
|1982
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|S.|Dhanapal|nolink=1}}
|-
|1982
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Sankho|Chaudhuri}}
|-
|1982
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Prodosh|Dasgupta|nolink=1}}
|-
|1982
|[[File:Chandigarh, India rose garden bust of Dr Randhawa 5.jpg|178x178px]]
|{{Sortname|M. S.|Randhawa|link=Mohinder Singh Randhawa}}
|-
|1984
|[[File:K. H. Ara.png|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|K. H.|Ara}}
|-
|1984
|[[File:Sayed Haider Raza (1995).png|100x100px]]
|{{Sortname|S. H.|Raza}}
|-
|1985
|[[File:K.G. Subramanyan 2008.jpg|121x121px]]
|{{Sortname|K. G.|Subramanyan}}
|-
|1985
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|K.|Sreenivasulu|nolink=1}}
|-
|1986
|[[File:Shiavax Chavda.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|Shiavax|Chavda}}
|-
|1986
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Paritosh|Sen}}
|-
|1987
|[[File:Mukul Dey.jpg|124x124px]]
|{{Sortname|Mukul|Dey}}
|-
|1987
|[[File:Artist Svetoslav Roerich.jpg|123x123px]]
|{{Sortname|Svetoslav|Roerich}}
|-
|1988
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Ram Gopal|Vijayvargiya}}
|-
|1988
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Ranbir Singh|Bisht}}
|-
|1990
|{{Dash}}
|[[Bimal Das Gupta]]
|-
|1990
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Radha|Mohan|nolink=1}}
|-
|1993
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|A. S.|Raman|link=Avadhanam Sita Raman}}
|-
|1993
|[[File:AN_Sehgal_2023_stamp_of_India_2.jpg|136x136px]]
|{{Sortname|Amarnath|Sehgal}}
|-
|1995
|[[File:Kapilavatsyayan (cropped).jpg|136x136px]]
|{{Sortname|Kapila|Vatsyayan}}
|-
|1995
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Anand|Dev|nolink=1}}
|-
|2002
|[[File:A._Ramachandran_2012.jpg|100x100px]]
|{{Sortname|A.|Ramachandran}}
|-
|2003
|[[File:Bikash.jpg|136x136px]]
|{{Sortname|Bikash|Bhattacharjee}}
|-
|2004
|[[File:Keshav Malik.jpg|100x100px]]
|{{Sortname|Keshav|Malik}}
|-
|2004
|[[File:Akbar Padamsee.jpg|134x134px]]
|{{Sortname|Akbar|Padamsee}}
|-
|2006
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Biren|De}}
|-
|2007
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Jeram|Patel}}
|-
|2011
|[[File:Ram kumar01.jpg|140x140px]]
|{{Sortname|Ram|Kumar|link=Ram Kumar (artist)}}
|-
|2014
|[[File:The Chairman, Lalit Kala Akademi, Ministry of Culture, Shri K.K. Chakravarty conferring the fellowship on eminent artist Arpita Singh, at a function, in New Delhi on October 10, 2014 (cropped).jpg|157x157px]]
|{{Sortname|Arpita|Singh}}
|-
|2021
|{{Dash}}
|[[Himmat Shah]]
|-
|2021
|{{Dash}}
|{{Sortname|Jyoti|Bhatt}}
|-
|2021
|[[File:Shyam Sharma at Bihar Museum on 4 December.jpg|157x157px]]
|{{Sortname|Shyam|Sharma|link=Shyam Sharma (printmaker)}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.lalitkala.gov.in/}} of the Lalit Kala Akademi

{{Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalit Kala Akademi fellows}}
[[Category:Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Indian visual arts awards]]
[[Category:Fellows of learned societies of India]]
[[Category:Arts-related lists]]
[[Category:Indian culture-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of members of learned societies]]

Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

2026-03-27T05:29:04Z

Luisa35774: adjust formatting per standard format for consistency

{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Bilaspur district (disambiguation){{!}}Bilaspur district}}
{{Other places|Bilaspur (disambiguation){{!}}Bilaspur (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bilaspur
| official_name = Law Capital of Chhattisgarh
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 275
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/1/2/2
| image1 = Bilaspur Junction Railway Station Building 001.jpg
| image2 = छत्तीसगढ़ उच्च न्यायालय बिलासपुर.JPG
| image3 = Nagpur Bilaspur VB Express train 20230512 171733.jpg
| image4 = 6th 7th century Bhima Kichak Temple, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 2.jpg
| image5 = Ratanpur Mahamaya Temple.jpg
| image6 =
| image7 = Alliance Air Aircraft at Bilaspur Airport 566836888.png
| image9 =
| image10 =
| image11 =
}}
| image_caption = ''From top, left to right:'' [[Bilaspur Junction railway station]], [[Chhattisgarh High Court]], [[Bilaspur–Nagpur Vande Bharat Express]], [[Malhar, Chhattisgarh|Bhim Kichak temple, Malhar]], [[Mahamaya Temple]], [[Bilaspur Airport]].
| nickname = Judicial capital
| pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.09|N|82.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for = Bilasa Bai
| government_type =
| governing_body = Bilaspur Municipal Corporation (BMC)
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Pooja Vidhani
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Tokhan Sahu]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the legislative assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = [[Amar Agrawal]]
| leader_title3 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name3 = Shri Sanjay Agrawal (IAS)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 205
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 207
| population_total = 805000
| population_as_of = 2026
| population_urban_footnotes =
| population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|57th]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Chhattisgarhi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 495001, 495003, 495004, 495006 (Bilaspur)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiapincodes.net/Chhattisgarh/Bilaspur/ |title=Bilaspur |access-date=6 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806041431/https://indiapincodes.net/Chhattisgarh/Bilaspur/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_code = 07752
| area_code_type = Telephone code 31221
| registration_plate = CG-10
| website = {{URL|https://bilaspur.gov.in/en/}}
}}

'''Bilaspur''' is a city located in [[Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Malhar – A Rhythm of Antiquity – Indian History and Architecture |url=https://puratattva.in/2011/09/26/malhar-a-rhythm-of-antiquity-1121 |access-date=2022-03-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110144629/https://puratattva.in/2011/09/26/malhar-a-rhythm-of-antiquity-1121 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bilaspur is the administrative headquarters of the [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur District]] and Bilaspur Division. The [[Chhattisgarh High Court]], located at [[Bodri]], District Bilaspur has privileged it with the title ''Nyayadhani'' (Law Capital) of the State. This city is the commercial center and business hub of the northeast [[Chhattisgarh]] region.

Bilaspur is also an important city for the [[Indian Railways]], as it is the headquarters for [[South East Central Railway Zone (India)|South East Central Railway Zone]] (SECR) and the Bilaspur Railway Division. Bilaspur is also the headquarters of [[South Eastern Coalfields Limited]]. Chhattisgarh's biggest power plant operated by [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] is in Sipat. PowerGrid in Sipat pools electricity from other power plants in region and transmits electricity to Delhi via one of longest [[HVDC]] line.

Bilaspur is known for its aromatic rice variety named ‘doobraj’ [[rice]], [[loom|Handloom]] [[woven]] colourful soft kosa [[silk]] [[saree]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamar Bilaspur E-Library |date=2019 |title=About Hamar Bilashpur |url=http://www.hamarbilaspur-elibrary.com/about.html |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=www.hamarbilaspur-elibrary.com |archive-date=7 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107191326/http://hamarbilaspur-elibrary.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Basic Tasar Silkworm Seed Organisation (BTSSO) ({{URL|http://www.btsso.org/|website}}) under the Central Silk Board, Government of India collects, executes the production and supply of nucleus and basic tasar seed from surrounding areas.

[[Indian Standard Time]] ('''IST'''), the [[time zone]] observed throughout [[India]] with a [[time offset]] of [[UTC+05:30]], passes approx 30 km east of the city.

Bilaspur is one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a [[Smart city]] under the [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite web |work=firstpost.com |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html |title=Why only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about smart cities project |date=28 August 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119003746/http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
Historically, Bilaspur was part of [[Dakshina Kosala]] and was near capital of [[Malhar, Chhattisgarh]] (ancient Mallar), Sirpur (ancient Shripura), Tuman (ancient Tummana), and Ratanpur (ancient Ratnapura). From the 5th century onwards it was controlled by the [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Kalachuri dynasty]] of [[Ratanpur]]. [[Ratanpur]] was historical capital of [[Chhattisgarh]] state for many different dynasty. Bilaspur city, however, came into prominence around 1741, the year of the [[Maratha Empire]] rule, when a Maratha official took up his abode there to control dynasty of [[Ratanpur]].

The management of Bilaspur district was taken over by the [[British East India Company]] in 1818 after [[Bhosale]] lost territory in [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. Under Bhosale of the [[Nagpur]] kingdom there were many subedars or zamindars/landlords like Akbar Khan, Vazeer Khan, Sao and others in Bilaspur.

Bilaspur district was constituted in 1861, followed by Bilaspur municipality in 1867.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Bilaspur {{!}} India |url=https://bilaspur.gov.in/en/about-district/history/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |language=en-US |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123123124/https://bilaspur.gov.in/en/about-district/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Famines in the Bilaspur district were recorded by the British administration in 1828–9, 1834–5, 1845–6, 1868–9 and 1899–1900. In 1868-9 and 1899–1900, the rains failed almost completely, resulting in severe distress, migration and desertion of villages. After the 1868-9 famine there was prosperity for the next 25 years; but in 1895 there was a very poor harvest, followed in 1896 by a complete failure of crops, and severe famine continued throughout 1897. In that year the mortality rate was as high as one in six people. The famine of 1897 was followed by two favorable years; but in 1899 the [[monsoon]] failed completely and the rice crop was wholly destroyed.

[[Satguru Ghasidas|Guru Ghasidas]] (1756–1836) started a religious movement, Satnamis (meaning the worshippers of Satnam(not related to Sikhism), between 1820 and 1830 primarily around the Sonakhan forests. This religious movement preached against idol-worship, and instead stressed that God is synonymous with truth. His community was a farming community. The university at Bilaspur is named after him as [[Guru Ghasidas University]].

Railways arrived at Bilaspur in the decade 1880–90, with the arrival of the [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]. In 1888 [[Mistri]] Jagmal Gangji and other Mistri Railway Contractors laid the first railway tracks from [[Rajnandgaon]] to Bilaspur, and in that same year fellow [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]] contractor [[Khoda Ramji Chawda|Khoda Ramji]] and others built the line from Bilaspur to [[Jharsuguda]], including the bridge over the Champa river.

In 1890, the present railway station and yard were constructed by the Gujarati railway contractor Jagmal Gangji. His son [[Mulji Jagmal Sawaria]] was later given the title of "Rao Sahib" by the British for his contribution to the development of the town, railways and the district. Jagmal Block and Jagmal Chowk in the city are named after Jagmal Gangji Sawaria.

In 1901, the population of Bilaspur was 18,937 and it was the eighth-largest town in the [[Central Provinces]] of [[British India]]. In 1908, weaving of tasar silk and cotton clothes were recorded as the major industries of Bilaspur.

== Etymology ==
Historical records like ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'' <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_239.gif ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Vol 8, 1908].</ref> note that the city is said to be named after a fisherwoman by the name of "Bilasa" in the 17th century, and for a long period it consisted only of a few fishermen's huts. [[James Forsyth (traveller)|James Forsyth]] stated that Bilaspur is named after the "Palash" trees (''[[Butea frondosa]]'') which are found in abundance in the area.<ref>''The highlands of central India'', James Forsyth, 1889.</ref> In [[Sanskrit]] Bilas means playful or enjoyment and Pur means city or town. So, literally Bilaspur mean the city of enjoyment.

== Geography ==
Bilaspur is located at {{Coord|22.09|N|82.15|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/37/Bilaspur.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bilaspur, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=18 March 2007|archive-date=6 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906181236/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/37/Bilaspur.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 264 metres (866 ft).

Bilaspur is situated on the banks of the rain-fed Arpa River, which originates from the [[Maikal Hills|Maikal]] Range of Central India. It's a [[Dolomite (mineral)|dolomite]] rich region surrounded by dense forests in the north and the [[Coal mining|coal mines]] of the Hasdeo Valley in the east.

Bilaspur District is surrounded by Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi District in the north, [[Anuppur]] District of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Mungeli]] and, [[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar-Bhata Para]] District in the south and [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]] and [[Janjgir-Champa]] District in the east.

Major cities around Bilaspur are:
* [[Raipur]] and [[Bhilai|Durg-Bhilai]] in South-West
* [[Nagpur]] in West
* [[Bhopal]] and [[Jabalpur]] in North-West
* [[Varanasi]] and [[Prayagraj]] in North
* [[Ranchi]] and [[Patna]] in North-East
* [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Raigarh]], [[Rourkela]] and [[Bhubaneswar]] in East

=== Climate ===
The climate in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh has been colder than the [[Raipur]] region for the winters in December (minimum temperature 6 °C, 42 °F in the last week of December annually, while some areas have even reported temperature going down as low as 3-4 °C, 37 °F), which resembles northern Chhattisgarh. However most of the winter goes mild and pleasant. The city experiences moderate rains in the monsoon. The summers are relatively hot and dry, with maximum temperature 48+ °C, 113 °F.

{{Weather box
| location = Bilaspur (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 35.6
| Feb record high C = 38.2
| Mar record high C = 43.2
| Apr record high C = 45.8
| May record high C = 49.3
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 41.0
| Aug record high C = 36.2
| Sep record high C = 36.6
| Oct record high C = 37.0
| Nov record high C = 35.1
| Dec record high C = 33.6
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 27.6
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Mar high C = 36.4
| Apr high C = 40.2
| May high C = 42.4
| Jun high C = 36.5
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 31.4
| Sep high C = 32.1
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 30.8
| Dec high C = 28.8
|year high C = 33.2
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Mar low C = 18.8
| Apr low C = 23.5
| May low C = 26.4
| Jun low C = 25.7
| Jul low C = 24.8
| Aug low C = 24.8
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 20.4
| Nov low C = 16.0
| Dec low C = 12.4
|year low C = 20.3
| Jan record low C = 5.9
| Feb record low C = 8.3
| Mar record low C = 12.5
| Apr record low C = 16.4
| May record low C = 21.0
| Jun record low C = 21.6
| Jul record low C = 20.9
| Aug record low C = 22.4
| Sep record low C = 19.4
| Oct record low C = 12.0
| Nov record low C = 9.2
| Dec record low C = 6.5
|year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 20.6
| Feb rain mm = 17.6
| Mar rain mm = 18.1
| Apr rain mm = 22.8
| May rain mm = 16.5
| Jun rain mm = 144.8
| Jul rain mm = 317.3
| Aug rain mm = 365.8
| Sep rain mm = 215.5
| Oct rain mm = 55.9
| Nov rain mm = 8.3
| Dec rain mm = 4.7
|year rain mm = 1208.1
| Jan rain days = 1.5
| Feb rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 1.8
| Apr rain days = 1.9
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 8.8
| Jul rain days = 15.9
| Aug rain days = 15.7
| Sep rain days = 9.8
| Oct rain days = 3.2
| Nov rain days = 0.8
| Dec rain days = 0.5
|year rain days = 63.0
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Bilaspur Municipal Corp had a population of 331,030.<ref name="censusco-city">{{cite web|url=https://realtimes.in/single.php?id=9180|title=Bilaspur City Population Census 2011|website=www.realtimes.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125115626/https://realtimes.in/single.php?id=9180|archive-date=25 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bilaspur urban area population was estimated at 365,579.<ref name="censusgov-urban">{{cite web|title=Table 3 PR UA Citiees 1Lakh and Above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census of India|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017153124/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2019, adjacent 18 towns and sub-urban areas were included in the Bilaspur Municipal Corporation. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bilaspur has an average literacy rate of 91.29%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 92.94% and female literacy of 88.33%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,662,077,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.realtimes.in/ | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | archive-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162554/https://www.realtimes.in/ | url-status = live }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Kuwait]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Kuwait 2,595,62
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Nevada 2,700,551
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=1 January 2011
}}</ref> Bilaspur District ranks 152nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 322 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 33.21%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bilaspur has a [[sex ratio]] of 972 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 71.59%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The main languages spoken are [[Chhattisgarhi]] and [[Hindi]].

== Administration ==
{{See also|List of cities in Chhattisgarh}}
'''Bilaspur Division'''

Bilaspur district is the headquarter of the Bilaspur Division of Chhattisgarh. This division consists of eight districts (as of May 2024) -

# Bilaspur
# Korba
# Raigarh
# Janjgir-Champa
# Mungeli
# Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi
# Sakti
# Sarangarh-Bhilaigarh

'''Tehsil'''

The Bilaspur district consists of 11 Tehsils - Bilaspur, [[Kota, Bilaspur|Kota]], [[Takhatpur]], [[Bilha, India|Bilha]], [[Masturi, India|Masturi]], [[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratanpur]], [[Sipat, India|Sipat]], [[Belgahna]], [[Beltara]], [[Bodri]] and [[Sakri]].

'''Block Samiti'''

Bilaspur district is divided into 4 block samitis which covers 483 Gram Panchayats and 708 villages (as of May 2024). These are -

# Kota (101 Panchayat covering 162 villages).
# Takhatpur (117 Panchayat covering 178 villages).
# Belha (139 Panchayat covering 174 villages).
# Masturi (126 Panchayat covering 173 villages).

'''Bilaspur City Administration'''

The Bilaspur city is a Nagar Nigam and district headquarter of Bilaspur district. Bilaspur City runs under the administration of the [[Bilaspur Municipal Corporation]] (BMC). Its Nagar Nigam, Municipality, District Magistrate, Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Tehsildar office and collectorate office are all situated near Nehru Chowk. It has three Nagar Palikas namely (1) Takhatpur, (2) ''Ratanpur'', (3) ''Tifra''. It has been categorised into seven Nagar Panchayat namely (1) Bilha (2) Kota (3) Bodri and (4) Malhar (5) Gourella (6) Sakri (7) Sirgitti.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bilaspur.gov.in/en/public-utility-category/urban-body/ | title=Urban body | District Bilaspur | India }}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Raut Dance of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh.jpg|thumb|Raut Dance of Bilaspur Chhattisgarh]]
[[File:6th 7th century Bhima Kichak Temple, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 10.jpg|thumb|6th 7th century Bhima Kichak Temple, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 10]]

Bilaspur is rich in its cultural heritage. Bilaspur has its own dance styles, cuisine, music and traditional folk songs. In rural areas, women wear garlands made of one rupee coins. This has gone out of fashion in recent times. The city celebrates all the major [[festival]]s of India. There are some local festivals such as the colorful Raut Nach (November), harley, and pola. The Raut Nach Mahotsav is the folk-dance festival of Bilaspur celebrated by Yaduvanshis also known as Rauts in Chhattisgarh to honor lord Krishna and to thank nature for good crop season.

There are other folk dances like Panthi, Karma, Kaksar and Padnwani (Needs to be added content).

The town has been the home of several literary, theatre, arts personalities including [[Makhan Lal Chaturvedi]], [[Satyadev Dubey]], [[Bimal Mitra]], [[Shrikant Verma]].

== Utility services ==
Over the years, Bilaspur has developed many 4 – lane and 6 – lane roads, street lighting and squares.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} However, the last decade{{when|date=March 2019}} has seen large-scale unregulated [[urbanization]] and [[Residential area|residential]] and [[Commercial property|commercial]] expansion, over-straining the water resources and generally defunct civic amenities due to indifferent officials and politicians.{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} There is a master plan for the city and surrounding areas.

Electricity is government-regulated and, as of now, no power cuts are effected, thanks to the massive expansion in energy generating capacity both by public and private companies in the energy sector.

== Hospitals and health care facilities ==
Bilaspur is home to many hospitals & nursing homes, some run by the state government and others by the private sector. City has a government medical college named Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Science which has 750 beds for patients. There is Apollo Hospitals in the private sector, which is 300 bedded specialty hospital. A new mental hospital is established in village Sendri (Ratanpur Road) which provides quality treatment. More than 25 Sanjivni express and Mahatari express are running in city. It also has private dental colleges in the city area.

== Economy ==
[[File:CityMall-36 of Bilaspur.jpg|thumb|City-36 Shopping Mall, Bilaspur]]
Bilaspur is the center of electric power generation in India. Bilaspur and the surrounding area generate 10,000 MW of electricity, and an additional 50,000 MW are planned in the next few years. As many as 22 companies are interested to tap an estimated power generation potential of 50,000 megawatts in the region. The railways have gotten a major boost with big energy sector players set to invest Rs.5,000 crore in three proposed railways corridors around Bilaspur.<ref>{{cite news |last1=P |first1=Maneesh |last2=DelhiJuly 3 |first2=ey New |title=Cash-strapped Railways gets major investment boost for Maoists areas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cash-strapped-railways-gets-big-coal-boost-107806-2012-07-02 |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=India Today |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419002747/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cash-strapped-railways-gets-big-coal-boost/1/203474.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chhattisgarh is also known as "The Rice Bowl" – ''Dhan ka katora''. Bilaspur is the centre of agri products. There are approx. 500 rice and dall mills in the surrounding area. In FY2022/21, the [[South East Central Railway zone]], whose geography encompasses Bilaspur, earned Rs 14,2855.71 crore, "the highest among all of the railway divisions of Indian Railways".<ref>{{Cite news |last=टाइम्स न्यूज़ नेटवर्क |date=2021-04-03 |title=Dhanbad rail div earns over 14 cr, highest among all units in '20-21 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/dhanbad-rail-div-earns-over-14-cr-highest-among-all-units-in-20-21/articleshow/81877402.cms |access-date=2022-03-21 |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321055608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/dhanbad-rail-div-earns-over-14-cr-highest-among-all-units-in-20-21/articleshow/81877402.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bilaspur railways zone comprises the divisions of Bilaspur, [[Nagpur]] and [[Raipur]]. [[South Eastern Coalfields Limited]] (SECL), a subsidiary of Public Sector Unit Coal India Limited (CIL) – A Maharatna Company, is situated with headquarters at Bilaspur. SECL is a Miniratna PSU under the Ministry of Coal, with several awards in its credentials including best PSU award in 1997–98. An integrated action plan for development of civic infrastructure, including hi-tech water purifier system, proper drainage facilities and cleanliness, is being planned by the state government for cities and towns, while the proposed 'Arpa Project' would give a new life to the city of Bilaspur, minister for urban administration and health Amar Agrawal said in an interview to the ''Times of India'', a leading newspaper of India. The State Government has drawn up an ambitious plan of Rs2,000 crore to develop the Arpa river bank in Bilaspur district during the next seven years. For this, the Government has constituted a ‘Special Area Development Authority’ (SADA) for the development of the Arpa river bank near Bilaspur city.

The Government has invited proposals from interested national and international institutions for the development of the river bank on a PPP model. The Authority has prepared a project for the development of the river and is now in search of organisations that would be interested in developing the river on a Public Private Partnership (PPP).

According to SADA, about 653 hectares of area on the banks of the river would be developed. This area is 13.4 km in length. Commercial, residential, entertainment and other institutional facilities would be developed in this area. On both the sides of the river, 13.4-km-long retaining wall, houses and commercial complexes would be constructed, besides bridge, roads and walkways. Water supply, sewerage, drainage, electricity supply would be provided in the area.

The estimated cost of all the works is Rs2,000 crore. The development works would be taken up in phases during the next seven years.

Of the total 653-hectare area, some of the land is owned privately. In lieu of acquisition of private land, the affected people would be given land at other areas. After development about 267 hectares of land will be made available for sale. By selling this land, the developer could recover the invested amount. The downtown is called Gol Bazaar (Circular Market). Gol Bazaar, Sadar Bazaar and company Garden Chowk are buzzing and vibrant but overcrowded with slow-moving traffic. In contrast there are some newly developed areas as well. The Vyapar Vihar is a newly developed commercial and goods transport area. Bilaspur has Chhattisgarh's first hi-tech bus stand at Bodri.

It has the [[High Court of Chhattisgarh]] which is Asia's largest court (in area).
* Industries: Around Bilaspur, there are many industrial areas, including Tifra, Sirgitti and Silpahri Industrial Growth Centres. Sirgitti, Silpahri and Tifra around Bilapur are major industrial areas near Bilaspur. Located on the outskirts of Bilaspur city Sirgitti Industrial Centre is spread over an area of approx. 338 hectares. With about 324 industries it provides direct employment to 4431 persons. Silpahari Industrial Centre is another industrial area near Bilaspur and is home to many sponge iron industries. Tifra Industrial Area situated on the outskirts of Bilaspur city is spread over an area of approx. 65 hectares. Many chemical, PVC footwear, HDPE woven sacks, polythene bags and sheets, soft drinks and other units are located here. CSIDC or Chhattisgarh State Industrial Development Corporation Limited is responsible for the development of maintenance of all these industrial areas in and around Bilaspur. Chhattisgarh Laghu Evam Sahayak Udyog Sangh or CLSUS is an association of industries which represents all major industries of Bilaspur and Chhattisgarh. BEC Fertilizers – a unit of Bhilai Engineering Corporation is situated in the Sirgitti Industrial Area.
* Power plants – Bilaspur has India's second largest power plant of [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] at Sipat which generates power of 2980 MW with 3 units of 660 MW each and 1 unit of 1000 MW. Many thermal power plants are coming up in the surrounding area of Bilaspur. Also notable are Nova, KSK, Gitanjali, Mahanadi etc.
* Legal: The day the state of Chhattisgarh was constituted (1 November 2000) with its capital at Raipur, the High Court of Chhattisgarh was established at Bilaspur. It is the 19th high court of India.
* Banks: All major Indian banks have branches and ATMs in the city. SBI have approx. 80 ATMs in the city as of 2013.
* Website: A website dedicated to provide information on Bilaspur is maintained by NIC.
* A new Indoor stadium is under construction at Behtarai Road.

== Transport ==

===Roadways===
[[File:Raipur-Bilaspur National Highway.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 49 (India)|NH-49]] passing through as Bilaspur bypass]]
Bilaspur is well-connected with a network of national highways intersecting it. The national highways are [[National Highway 130 (India)|National Highway 130]] (NH-130) connecting Bilaspur with [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]] and [[Raipur]] directly, [[National Highway 130A (India)|National Highway 130A]] (NH-130A), [[National Highway 45 (India)|National Highway 45]] (NH-45) and [[National Highway 49 (India)|National Highway 49]] (NH-49). The proposed [[Narmada Expressway]] will start from Bilaspur, and will run till [[Ahmedabad]], along the route of the [[Narmada River]]. Once completed, it will help to enhance connectivity and commute from Bilaspur to neighbouring states, and will also provide direct connectivity to the [[New Delhi|national]] and the [[Mumbai|financial capital]]s of India, as well as with [[Madhya Pradesh]], via the [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] and other expressways. EC-7: [[Raipur]]- Bilaspur - [[Ranchi]] - [[Dhanbad]] '''Economic Corridors of India''' or '''Industrial Corridors of India''' is identified under [[Bharatmala]] road network and passes through Bilaspur - Baloda - Urga. The construction of Bilaspur - Urga expressway is expected to complete by 2024.

The following table provides the routes of the national highways passing through Bilaspur:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!NH
!Route
|-
|[[National Highway 45 (India)|NH-45]]
|'''[[Bhopal]]''' » [[Jabalpur]] » [[Amarkantak]] » '''Bilaspur'''
|-
|[[National Highway 49 (India)|NH-49]]
|'''Bilaspur''' » [[Raigarh]] » [[Jharsuguda]] » '''[[Kharagpur]]'''
|-
|[[National Highway 130 (India)|NH-130]]
|'''[[Raipur]]''' » Simga » Bilaspur » Katghora » '''[[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]]'''
|-
|[[National Highway 130A (India)|NH-130A]]
|'''Pondi''' » Mungeli » Bilaspur » Sipat » Dharamjayagarh » '''Pathalgaon'''
|}

===Rail===
[[File:Bilaspur Junction Railway Station.jpg|thumb|[[Bilaspur railway station|Bilaspur Junction Railway Station]]]]
The nearest railway station is [[Bilaspur railway station|Bilaspur Junction railway station]], which is the Zonal and divisional headquarter of the [[South East Central Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].

[[File:Bilaspur Railway Station (Chhatisgarh,India) and Shri Rabindranath Tagore.jpg|thumb|Bilaspur Railway Station (Chhattisgarh, India) and Shri Rabindranath Tagore]]

Bilaspur is junction of 4x4x3 railway lines with quadruple railway lines going to [[Mumbai]]-[[Howrah]] and triple lines going towards [[Katni]]-[[New Delhi]]. It is the busiest junction of Chhattisgarh, and the second busiest of central India after [[Itarsi Junction railway station|Itarsi station]] for passenger trains. It is the third cleanest railway station in India after [[Surat railway station|Surat]] and [[Rajkot railway station|Rajkot]] stations. It is well connected with the rest of the country, as it lies on the [[Tatanagar–Bilaspur section]] of the [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] and a junction, as another line goes towards [[Delhi]] via [[Katni]]. The station has the fifth longest railway platform in India after [[Hubballi Junction railway station|Hubballi]], [[Gorakhpur railway station|Gorakhpur]], [[Kollam Junction railway station|Kollam]] and [[Kharagpur Junction railway station|Kharagpur]] stations. The [[Bilaspur Rajdhani Express]] is the train that connects Bilaspur with the [[New Delhi railway station|national capital]] every two days in a week. [[Vande Bharat Express]] from Bilaspur to [[Nagpur]] provide high speed connectivity.

Because of the station's location, daily connections are available for [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Pune]], [[Nagpur]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Indore]], [[Bhopal]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], [[Roorkee]], [[Haridwar]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Cuttack]], [[Khordha]], [[Rourkela]], [[Puri]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Patna]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Raipur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Bikaner]], [[Udaipur]], [[Ajmer]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Chennai]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh|Tirupati]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Bangalore]], [[Bhuj]], [[Gandhidham]], [[Okha, India|Okha]], [[Porbandar]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Shirdi]], [[Udaipur]], [[Bikaner]], [[Jammu]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Ranchi]], [[Guwahati]] among many other cities throughput India. For services within the state, daily local trains run to all cities of the state.

Other railway stations present near Bilaspur city are:
* '''Uslapur'''
* '''Chakarbhata'''
* '''Dadhapara'''
* '''Gatora'''
Uslapur is the other Major city station which is 8 km from the main junction station. It is used as secondary station for express trains towards Katni. There is loco training centre for loco drivers in which trainees from various part of the central comes.

Fourth railway line between Bilaspur and Jharsuguda is under construction and which is presently a triple line section. Fourth line between Bilaspur and [[Durg Junction railway station|Durg Jn]] is approved in railway budget of FY23-24. Third railway line between Bilaspur and [[Katni]] is under construction. The survey of fourth railway line between Bilaspur and Nagpur is underway. Most upgrades are to handle [[coal]] evacuation from coal mining areas in East India to power plants in west of Bilaspur. A 10 km long grade separator is currently added between 3rd line of Bilaspur and Uslapur.

===Bus transport===
The Bilaspur Bus Station is the main bus station of the city. It is also known as ''Hi-tech Bus Stand''. It is well connected with other cities within and outside the state. Daily bus services are operated by government and private operators to cities like [[Jashpur]], [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]], [[Raipur]], [[Jagdalpur]], [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Nagpur]], [[Durg]], [[Bhilai]], Mungeli, Kawardha, [[Raigarh]], Narayanpur, [[Kondagaon]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Nagpur]], [[Gondia]], [[Mandla]], Anuppur, Shehdol, [[Jharsuguda]], [[Sambalpur]], [[Bhawanipatna]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], among others.

===Air===
[[File:Bilaspur Airport.png|thumb|[[Bilaspur Airport|Bilasa Devi Kevat Airport, Bilaspur]]]]
The nearest airport is [[Bilasa Devi Kevat Airport]], also known as Bilaspur Airport, located {{cvt|13|km}} south of the city. Currently, there are direct flights from the airport to [[Jabalpur]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Jagdalpur]], operated by [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilaspur to be connected to Delhi, Jabalpur, Prayagraj from 1 March|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bilaspur-to-be-connected-to-delhi-jabalpur-prayagraj-from-1-march-11613613981260.html|website=www.livemint.com|date=18 February 2021|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=24 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524084016/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bilaspur-to-be-connected-to-delhi-jabalpur-prayagraj-from-1-march-11613613981260.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alliance Air launches flights from Bilaspur under UDAN scheme|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/alliance-air-launches-flights-from-bilaspur-under-udan-scheme-121030101150_1.html|website=www.livemint.com|date=March 2021|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170736/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/alliance-air-launches-flights-from-bilaspur-under-udan-scheme-121030101150_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
===Natural attractions===
The [[Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve]] is the prime tourist attraction of Bilaspur, and has been recognized by the [[UNESCO]] for its dramatic and ecologically diverse landscape.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/aspac/achanakmar-amarkantak |title=Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, India |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526131631/https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/aspac/achanakmar-amarkantak |url-status=live }}</ref> It is reputed to have some of the densest forests in the country and an even spread of hills and rivers. One of the places worth visiting within the biosphere reserve is the [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://forest.cg.gov.in/nature_tourism.htm#P9 |title=Chhattisgarh Forest Department / Nature Tourism |access-date=27 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117183112/http://forest.cg.gov.in/nature_tourism.htm#P9 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Home to a wide variety of wildlife, the sanctuary is spread over an area of 551 km2 (213 mi2), and was set up in 1975 under the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972|Wildlife Protection Act]]. The sanctuary is 55 km (34 mi) away from Bilaspur, and remains closed during the monsoon season.
[[File:Achankmar Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tigers at the sanctuary]]
Just before entry into
the sanctuary, is the Ghongapani Dam. Beyond the sanctuary, for accommodation, on the way to Amarkantak, there are government guest houses in Achanakmar, Keonchi and Lamni. These guest houses can be booked with governmental officials in the district headquarters, also by booking only from their official websites. The forest guest housed at Lamni were built by the [[British India|British]]. It is 1,850 feet above sea level, and was built in June 1913.

In the sanctuary, the presence of animals like the [[Guar]] (Indian bison) and [[tiger]]s are in high numbers, as reported by multiple sightings by visitors. Other animals include [[leopard]]s, [[Chital]]s, [[Pantherinae|panther]]s, [[striped hyena]]s, [[canis]]', [[sloth bear]]s, [[Dhole]]s, [[Sambar deer]]s, [[Nilgai]]s, [[four-horned antelope|Indian four-horned antelope]]s and [[chinkara]]s, which populate the sanctuary in equal numbers. Trips to the sanctuary can be organized via private taxi and bus operators.

===Man-made & Historical attractions===
Various archeological sites and temples in and around Bilaspur attract tourists from all over the world. There are more than 20 recognized and protected monuments and sites by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiraipurcircle.in/Monuments_sites_ProtectedMonuments.html|title=Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Raipur Circle, Raipur|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927050811/http://www.asiraipurcircle.in/Monuments_sites_ProtectedMonuments.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other than the [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]], the following are the man-made tourist attractions:

*'''Dams:''' Khutaghat dam, (55 km), known for its lush and green environment due its location in the [[Baghelkhand|Baghelkhand range]], [[Khudia Dam]] (75 km) and Hasdev Bango Dam is (105 km) from Bilaspur, respectively.
* '''[[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratanpur]]''': Ratanpur was capital of ancient [[Chhattisgarh]] until Maratha Empire. At present it served as spiritual capital of the region and known for historical Mahamaya temple and Ram Tekri Mandir.
*'''[[Malhar, Chhattisgarh|Malhar]]''': Malhar is one of the main centre of archeology. Ruins of forts to ancient temples and fort are found here. Malhar is of historical significance, as it was visited by [[Xuanzang]], the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] historian. It is situated {{cvt|31|km}} southeast of Bilaspur. In Malhar, many ancient temples have been found by excavations, such as Pataleshwar temple, Devri temple and Dindeshwari temple. The four-handed idol of Lord Vishnu is also significant as it is the earliest sculptural representation, dating back to approx. 1000 BCE, to the Ratnapura–Kalachuri Regime.<ref name=":0" /> Malhar has a museum too for providing knowledge and information to tourists and interested people, maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. '''Ratanpur''' is located {{cvt|25|km}} north of Bilaspur, and is known for its Mahamaya temple and Ram Tekri Mandir.
[[File:Temple Carvings in Malhar Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 2009.jpg|thumb|Temple carvings in Malhar]]
[[File:6th 7th century Bhima Kichak Temple, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 31.jpg|thumb|Bhima Kichak Temple, Malhar, 6th–7th Century AD]]

*'''Talagram:''' Located {{cvt|27|km}} south of Bilaspur, situated on the banks of the Maniyari River, is the location for the "Deorani-Jethani" temple.
*'''Tala:''' Located {{cvt|27|km}} south of Bilaspur, is famous for its [[Rudra]] Shiva.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Devrani Jethani Temples |work=WebIndia123 |url=https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/pilgrimcenters/temples/Devrani_Jethani_Temples/index.htm |access-date=2022-03-21 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527130705/https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/pilgrimcenters/temples/Devrani_Jethani_Temples/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''Belpan:''' Located {{cvt|40|km}} west of Bilaspur, there is a huge pond, as well as a [[samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]].
*'''Kabir Chabutra:''' Located near the [[Raipur]] bypass road, or the [[National Highway 53 (India)|NH-53]], at a distance of {{cvt|110|km}} south from Bilaspur, is a hub for [[mahatma]]s (saints). As Bilaspur is situated on the banks of the [[Arpa (river), Chhattisgarh|Arpa]] river, Leelagar and Maniyari are other small rivers of the district, where there are accommodation facilities, out of which most of these facilities are under development to promote tourism along the river areas.
*'''Sonmuda:''' Located {{cvt|106|km}} north of Bilaspur, it is a well-known attraction, which gives a panoramic view of valleys, hills and forest. This is also the place where the [[Sone River]] originates from.
*'''[[Amarkantak]]:''' Located {{cvt|117|km}} northwest of Bilaspur, in Madhya Pradesh, is known for being the origin of the [[Narmada River]].
*'''Kanan Pendari Zoological Garden:''' Located within city limits.
*'''Kirari Godhi:''' Located {{cvt|19|km}} south of Bilaspur, close to Tala, is known for its ancient Shiva temple, dating to 11th-12th Century AD.
*'''Sargaon:''' Located {{cvt|27|km}} southwest of Bilaspur, also close to Tala, is known for its ''‘Dhoom Nath’'' or ''‘Dumeshwari Devi’'' Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, dating back to the 12th century AD.
*'''Bhartiya Nagar:''' Known for its Shri Aiyyappa Mandir, located near Tifra flyover, within city limits.
*'''[[Mungeli]]:''' Located {{cvt|51|km}} west of Bilaspur, it is known for its Maa Mahamaya Temple.
*'''Pali:''' Located {{cvt|50|km}} north of Bilaspur, it is known for its ancient Mahadev Temple.
*'''Smriti Vatika:''' A lush, green, planned garden, located just before the entrance of the Kanan Pendari Zoological Garden, in the city.
* '''[[Rani Sati Temple]]:''' A religious temple built in within Bilaspur made by the [[Marwaris]], where the deity of [[Jhunjhunu]]'s temple is worshipped.
* Many '''amusement park''' and '''water parks''' are also located near city. Bubble Island, Waterbomb, Alakart, Radhika Water Park, Ishika Amusement park are major attractions for children and families. Smriti Van ''(not to be confused with Smriti Vatika, as Smriti Van is close to [[Bilaspur railway station]])'' and Urja Parks are also situated in Rajkishore Nagar area of the city.
* '''Maa Marimai Temple''' is also a temple of Bilaspur.

== Food & cuisine==
Bilaspur is famous for food varieties, such as ''Doobraj rice, Fara/Muthiya (Rice floor dumpling), doodh-fara (sweet and milky version of fara), Cheela (Dosa like rice pancake), rice roll, sonhari (Poori made from Rice Flour or Sweet Potato), ayirsa roti(Rice-jaggery based dry dish), Gulgula/Gulgul Bhajiya (Sweet fritter made using wheat flour), angakar/mota roti (roti made from rice/wheat flour using leftover cooked rice), thetri-khurmi, Chousela (rice flour poori) , Bhajiya Kadhi (Savoury-salty Yogurt/curd dish), Sabudana bada (Sago fritter), Bafuari/Bhajiya, Idhar Kadhi (Kadhi made using Arbi leaves), airsa, tamatar fatka'' (tomato chutney), different types of ''bhajis'' (includes leafy vegetables like bathua, palak, chench, tirpaniya, khatta bhaji, laal bhaji, amari patua, Bohar Bhaji), etc. The wheat grown in the region is called ''sharbati'' (juicy) or like a sweet refreshing drink. The rotis made from the flour of this wheat are soft and tasty.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=sharbati wheat (gehu)|url=https://www.amazon.in/Sharbati-Wheat-Mixture-Preservatives-Washed/dp/B07N7TKSG6#:~:text=Sharbati%20gehu%20gets%20it%20name,softer%20for%20a%20longer%20period.|access-date=|website=|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405171555/https://www.amazon.in/Sharbati-Wheat-Mixture-Preservatives-Washed/dp/B07N7TKSG6#:~:text=Sharbati%20gehu%20gets%20it%20name,softer%20for%20a%20longer%20period.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=sharbati wheat|url=https://www.amazon.in/Sharbati-Wheat-Mixture-Preservatives-Washed/dp/B07N7TKSG6#:~:text=Sharbati%20gehu%20gets%20it%20name,softer%20for%20a%20longer%20period.|access-date=|website=|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405171555/https://www.amazon.in/Sharbati-Wheat-Mixture-Preservatives-Washed/dp/B07N7TKSG6#:~:text=Sharbati%20gehu%20gets%20it%20name,softer%20for%20a%20longer%20period.|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:New IT building GGV Bilaspur, Nov2011.jpg|thumb|New IT building GGV Bilaspur]]
Bilaspur has emerged as a prominent educational hub in Chhattisgarh, attracting students from across the state for studies in engineering, medicine, and various competitive examinations. The city is home to several universities and colleges that contribute to its reputation as an educational center.

Bilaspur hosts five universities, including the centrally recognized [[Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya]] and [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya]], both of which offer a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Additionally, specialized institutions like [[Pandit Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University]] cater to distance education, while [[Dr. C. V. Raman University]] and [[Maharishi University of Management and Technology]] focus on innovative and management-oriented courses.

The city also boasts numerous notable colleges, such as the [[Institute of Technology, Guru Ghasidas University]] and [[Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences]], which provide quality education in engineering, medicine, and other disciplines. Government colleges like [[Govt. E. Raghvendra Rao P.G. Science College]] have achieved 'A' grade accreditation, underlining the city's academic standards.

Bilaspur's school system includes a mix of public and private institutions, offering diverse educational opportunities from primary to higher secondary levels. Notable schools include [[Krishna Public School]], [[Delhi Public School]], and [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], which are known for their academic excellence.

The city also supports extracurricular activities, with an active National Cadet Corps (NCC) presence, including one of the 14 army wing NCC battalions from the Raipur group, affiliated with the Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh directorate.

== Media ==
{{directory|section|date=March 2019}}

===Print and news media===
The city publishes print media newspapers in Hindi languages.
{{Div col}}
* [[Real Times|''Live Media'']]
* ''[[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]]''
* ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]''
* ''[[Nava Bharat]]''
* ''[[Hari Bhoomi]]''
* ''[[Deshbandhu (newspaper)|Deshbandhu]]''
* ''[[Swadesh News]]''

{{Div col end}}

The following electronic media channels deliver local news 24*7:
* Chhattisgarh Cable Networks (CCN)
* Grand Gumber Channel
* Siti News Channel
* Abhi Tak (CCN owned News Channel)
* Z 24 Ghante – Chhattisgarh Bilaspur Buero
* E TV M.P. CG. Bilaspur Buereu
* Sahara TV M.P. CG. Bilaspur Buereu
* P7 /Pearls News M.P. C.G. Bilaspur
* Aaj Tak, Bilaspur Buereu
* India TV, Bilaspur Buereu

=== Radio ===
Bilaspur city has 5 FM Radio Stations which are-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Frequency Modulation !! Channel !! Slogan
|-
| 90.4 FM || Radio Raman (Community Radio Station of Dr. C.V. Raman University – Kota, Bilaspur) ||Hamar Radio Hamar Sangi
|-
| 91.1 FM || FM Tadka || Apni Suno..!
|-
| 91.9 FM || Radio Orange || Kuch Khatta Kuch Meetha
|-
| 92.7 FM || Radio Rangila || Jam Ke Suno
|-
| 94.3 FM || My FM || Jiyo Dil Se
|-
| 103.2 FM || All India Radio Bilaspur & '''[[Vividh Bharti]]''' || Desh Ki Surili Dhadkan
|-
|}

=== TV/Doordarshan ===
* Bilaspur has High Power TV Transmitter of Doordarshan at Bahatarai

=== Web portals ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Website name
! URL
! Notes
|-
| Bilaspur- Government Website
| http://bilaspur.gov.in/
| Official government website for the city. Land records and other e-governance projects are available from here.
|
|-
| Bilaspur University- ABVV
| https://bilaspuruniversity.ac.in/
|Portal for almost all the higher education institutions in bilaspur, all affiliated with Bilaspur university
|
|
|-
|Bilaspur- CIMS Medical College
| http://cimsbilaspur.ac.in/
| Official government website for the CIMS-Chandu lal Agrawal Memorial (कोयला वाले) medical College, Bilaspur
|}

== Notable people ==
* [[Rai Saheb Mulji Jagmal]] - railway, civil contractor, coal mines owner & philanthropist
* [[Leslie Claudius]], former Olympic field hockey player. He has distinction of being one of only two Indian players to win four [[Olympic medal|Olympic]] medals
* Balakrishna Shivram Moonje ([[B. S. Moonje]]) was a leader of the Hindu Mahasabha
* [[Satyadev Dubey]], [[Padmabhushan]], theater director, actor, playwright, screenwriter. He directed [[Amrish Puri]] in [[Andha Yug]] and known for Junoon (1979), Bhumika (1977) and Aakrosh (1980)
* [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi]] wrote ''Pushp ki Abhilaashaa'' ({{langx|hi|पुष्प की अभिलाषा}}) in Bilaspur Central Jail when he was prison by British for sedition charges.
* [[Bimal Mitra]] was a renowned Bengali writer with more than one hundred novels and short stories. One of his most popular novel Shaheb Bibi Golam was adopted in Hindi movie. He served in railways in Bilaspur for long year.
* Bilasa Devi,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-01 |title=बिलासपुर के नामकरण की कहानी वीरांगना बिलासा केंवटिन के कारण है शहर की पहचान |url=https://www.naidunia.com/chhattisgarh/bilaspur-this-is-the-story-of-bilaspur-naming-discussed-since-400-years-of-the-valor-of-bilasa-kentwin-4868573 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201142010/https://www.naidunia.com/chhattisgarh/bilaspur-this-is-the-story-of-bilaspur-naming-discussed-since-400-years-of-the-valor-of-bilasa-kentwin-4868573 |url-status=live }}</ref> founder of Bilaspur city and amazon of Chhattisgarh
* [[Satyajeet Dubey]], voice and film actor
* [[Ajit Jogi]], first chief minister of the state of Chhattisgarh
*[[Ingrid Mcleod]], a nominated Lok Sabha member representing India's Anglo-Indian community
* [[Shrikant Verma]], a noted poet and Member of Parliament
* [[Arun Sao]], former member of parliament from [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur Lok Sabha]] seat and deputy chief minister of Chhattisgarh
* [[Jagannath Prasad Bhanu]], Hindi scholar and writer of poetry and prose
* [[Tokhan Sahu]], elected MP from [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur Lok Sabha]] seat and a Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs of India
* [[Shanker Shesh]], playwright, author, poet and story writer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Cite web |title=Malhar – A Rhythm of Antiquity |url=https://puratattva.in/2011/09/26/malhar-a-rhythm-of-antiquity-1121 |website=Indian History and Architecture |access-date=25 March 2022 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110144629/https://puratattva.in/2011/09/26/malhar-a-rhythm-of-antiquity-1121 |url-status=dead }}
*The census has been taken from Hari Bhoomi Bilaspur Bhaskar Edition dated 23/12/2013.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh)}}
* {{Official website|https://bilaspur.gov.in/en/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060228054756/http://www.chhattisgarh.com/bilaspur/bilaspur.htm Map of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh]
{{Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]

Abitha Anilkumar

2026-03-26T19:13:42Z

Luisa35774: new

{{Short description|Indian volleyball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
'''Abitha Anilkumar''' (born 21 December 1997) is an Indian volleyball player from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anilkumar Abitha - AVC Women’s Nations Cup 2025 - Players |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/avc-women-nations-cup/players/222934 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref> She plays for [[India women's national volleyball team]] as a middle blocker, and for Kerala in the domestic tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hub |first=India Sports |date=2025-06-05 |title=India Gears Up For Women’s Volleyball AVC Nations Cup 2025 In Vietnam. All You Need To Know {{!}} IndiaSportsHub |url=https://indiasportshub.com/india-gears-up-for-womens-volleyball-avc-nations-cup-2025-in-vietnam-all-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In June 2025, she was part of the Indian women's volleyball team that played the 2025 AVC Women's Nations Cup in Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Indian Women's Volleyball Squad 2025 Unveiled |url=https://jeetwinsports.in/other-sports/volley-ball/anusree-leads-the-indian-womens-volleyball-team-for-avc-2025-national-cup-indian-squad-and-fixture-revealed/ |access-date=2 March 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-19 |title=Madras High Court dismisses Volleyball Federation of India’s plea in dispute with Baseline Ventures |url=https://thebridge.in/volleyball/madras-high-court-dismisses-vfis-plea-55975 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anilkumar, Abitha}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's volleyball players]]
[[Category:Volleyball players from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Middle blockers]]

Lek Majhi Durga

2026-03-26T12:02:29Z

Luisa35774: Adding new info.

{{Short description|2022 Indian Marathi-language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Lek Majhi Durga.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Soap opera]]
| creator = [[Colors Marathi]]
| based_on =
| inspired_by =
| developer =
| writer = Abhijeet Guru
| screenplay =
| story =
| director =
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| judges =
| voices =
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 186
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| news_editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| animator =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company =
| budget =
| network = [[Colors Marathi]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|02|14}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|09|16}}
| related = ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''
}}

'''''Lek Majhi Durga''''' ({{translation|My daughter is goddess durga}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series which is written by Abhijeet Guru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=छोट्या पडद्यावर 'लेक माझी दुर्गा' मालिका होणार सुरू, 'या' मालिकेचा आहे रिमेक |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/lek-majhi-durga-lek-majhi-durga-series-to-be-launched-on-small-screen-remake-of-these-series-1027745 |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref> The show premiered from 14 February 2022 and ended on 16 September 2022 aired on [[Colors Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varada Patil bids adieu to TV show Lek Majhi Durga; actress Rashmi Anpat replaces her - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/varada-patil-bids-adieu-to-tv-show-lek-majhi-durga-actress-rashmi-anpat-replaces-her/articleshow/92080828.cms |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It stars Swapnil Pawar and Rashmi Anpat in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemangi Kavi bids adieu to 'Lek Majhi Durga'; pens an emotional note for co-star Sushil Inamdar - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/hemangi-kavi-bids-adieu-to-lek-majhi-durga-pens-an-emotional-note-for-co-star-sushil-inamdar/articleshow/93165207.cms |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It is an official remake of Hindi TV series ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakti Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki's Marathi remake Lek Mazi Durga to launch soon - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shakti-astitva-ke-ehsaas-kis-marathi-remake-lek-mazi-durga-to-launch-soon/articleshow/89011658.cms |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Deprived of an education, companions and toys, Durga can't understand the indifference her father and grandmother show towards her and finds solace only in her mother's arms. Meanwhile, her sister Shivani gets everything she wants, except for the one thing she yearns for, her mother's love.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Varada Patil / Rashmi Anpat as Durga<ref>{{Cite web |title='लेक माझी दुर्गा'मध्ये राजेश देशपांडेची एंट्री; 'योगायोगा'ने या कलाकाराला केलं रिप्लेस |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-update-rajesh-deshpande-in-mulgi-zali-ho-to-replace-anand-kale/articleshow/92946617.cms |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Swapnil Pawar as Jaysingh<ref>{{Cite web |title='लेक माझी दुर्गा' मालिकेतून 'या' अभिनेत्रीने घेतली एक्झिट, म्हणाली... |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/lek-majhi-durga-after-varada-patils-this-actress-exit-from-the-lek-majhi-durga-serial-a592/amp/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
* Payal Memane<ref>{{Cite web |title='लेक माझी दुर्गा' मालिकेतून वरदा पाटीलची एग्झिट; 'ही' अभिनेत्री घेणार तिची जागा |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/varada-patil-bids-adieu-to-tv-show-lek-majhi-durga-this-marathi-actress-replaces-her-au163-729268.html/amp |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Hemangi Kavi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=दुर्गाचं भावविश्व रंगवणारी मालिका 'लेक माझी दुर्गा' लवकरच छोट्या पडद्यावर, अभिनेत्री हेमांगी कवी दिसणार महत्त्वाच्या भूमिकेत |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/news/new-serial-lek-majhi-durga-starts-from-14th-feb-on-colors-marathi-129392748.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
* Sushil Inamdar
* Sai Ranade
* [[Anand Kale]] / Rajesh Deshpande
* Mrunal Deshpande
* Sanket Korlekar
* Sohan Nandurdikar
* Sandesh Jadhav

== Adaptations ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Original Release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Notes
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'' शक्ति - अस्तित्व के एहसास की
| 30 May 2016
| [[Colors TV]]
| 1 October 2021
| Original
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Lek Majhi Durga'' लेक माझी दुर्गा
| 14 February 2022
| [[Colors Marathi]]
| 24 September 2022
| Remake
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt20565962}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/lek-majhi-durga/1971002701 ''Lek Majhi Durga''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Colors Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Kattula Kondayya

2026-03-15T16:50:41Z

Luisa35774: New...

{{short description|1985 Telugu film directed by S. B. Chakravarthy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kattula Kondayya
| image = Kattula Kondaiah.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay = [[Satyanand]]
| story = S. B. Chakravarthy
| producer = Kella Rama Swamy
| director = S. B. Chakravarthy
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Sumalatha]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = Kannappa
| editing = D. Venkataratnam
| studio = Prasanna Arts<ref name="Kattula Kondaiah (Overview)">{{cite web|url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/5673?ed=Tolly |title=Kattula Kondaiah (Overview) |publisher=The Cine Bay}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1985|10|11}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Kattula Kondayya''''' is a 1985 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by S. B. Chakravarthy. It stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Sumalatha]], and music is scored by [[K. Chakravarthy]]. [[Satyanand]] wrote the dialogues and screenplay for the story written by S. B. Chakravarthy.<ref name="Kattula Kondaiah (Cast & Crew)">{{cite web |url=http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/1003/kattula-kondayya-cast.html |title=Kattula Kondaiah (Cast & Crew) |publisher=Chitr.com |access-date=23 January 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180621/http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/1003/kattula-kondayya-cast.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with frightful ruffian Kattula Kondayya, employed by two direful [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Madhava Rao and his brother-in-law Prasad Rao, who conspires with one other. Exploiting it, Kondayya seeks his vengeance when he is rearwards. He is Kiran, a virtuous scaredy-cat journalist striving to elicit society's injustice. He loves a spirited girl, Jyoti, daughter of Madhava Rao. Inspector Vijay, Jyoti's brother, promises to knit them. In tandem, Madhava Rao & Prasad Rao undertake an indictable offense as justness triggered by Kiran. Hence, they strike him when a stranger, Narayana, a convict acquitted from jail, secures. Narayana realizes Kiran is the son of his friend Dharma Rao and turns him into a fearless. Just then, his mother, Annapurna, divulges Narayana as the homicide of her husband.

Thus, Kiran onslaughts on him when Narayana reveals the fact. Dharma Rao is the rectitude the two share beyond the relationship of friends. Once, he wins a lottery, for which their familiar friend Madhava Rao conspires with Prasad Rao and slaughters him. Further, they penalized Narayana. Hearing it, Kiran burns for revenge. Meanwhile, Vijay seals the charges on Prasad Rao, and Madhava Rao backstabs him. So, begrudged Prasad Rao poisons, Vijay. Besides, Kiran pulls the car break to kill Madhava Rao. Tragically, Vijay takes up the vehicle and dies due to poison, causing an accident. Now Kiran repents, considering himself as the culprit, confesses his sin to Jyoti, and surrenders to the Police. Narayana breaks out the truth during this plight, which makes Kiran abscond from prison and mold into Kattula Kondayya. At last, with the support of Narayana & Jyoti, Kiran proves guiltless and sentences the knaves. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Kiran & Jyoti.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Kiran
*[[Sumalatha]] as Jyothi
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Narayana
*[[Gadde Rajendra Prasad|Rajendra Prasad]] as Inspector Vijay
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Dharma Rao
*[[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] as MLA Madhava Rao
*[[Nutan Prasad]] as Prasad Rao
*Bhima Raju as Bheemudu
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Doctor
*Hema Chandra as Jailor
*KK Sarma as Editor
*Chidatala Appa Rao as Chemcha
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Item Number
*Subha as Annapurna
*Jaya Vijaya as Madhava Rao's wife
*Lalitha Mani
{{colend}}

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kattula Kondaiah
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1985
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:00
| label = AVM Audio
| producer = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| prev_title = [[Bhale Thammudu (1985 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]
| prev_year = 1985
| next_title = [[Pattabhishekam (1985 film)|Pattabhishekam]]
| next_year = 1985
}}

Music was composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music released on AVM Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Avvayi Chuvvayi"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|3:50
|-
|2
|"Musuruku Vachindomabbu"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:25
|-
|3
|"Veeraga Unnade Vijrumbhanam"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:30
|-
|4
|"Lightu Guchukuntondi"
|Madhavapeddi Ramesh, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|5:05
|-
|5
|"Naa Kattonka Chusuko"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:05
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:1985 Telugu-language films]]

{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Chilika Lake

2026-03-14T16:41:37Z

Luisa35774: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Lagoon in India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Chilika
| native_name =
| image = Birds eyeview of Chilika Lake.jpg
| caption = Birds eyeview of Chilika Lake
| alt = Birds eyeview of Chilika Lake
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Chilika Lake
| location = [[Odisha]]
| coords = {{Coord|19|43|N|85|19|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| lake_type = [[Brackish]], [[lagoon]]
| inflow = 52 streams including the [[Bhargavi river|Bhargavi]], [[Daya River|Daya]], Makra, [[Malaguni River|Malaguni]] and Luna rivers<ref name="Tripati"/>
| outflow = Old mouth at Arakhakuda, new mouth at [[Satpada]] to [[Bay of Bengal]]
| catchment = {{convert|3560|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|-1}}
| basin_countries = [[India]]
| length = {{convert|64.3|km|mi|abbr=on|1}}
| width =
| area = min.: {{convert|900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|0}} max.: {{convert|1165|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|0}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|4.2|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| volume = {{convert|4|km3|acre.ft|abbr=on|lk=out}}
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation = 0 – {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
| frozen =
| islands = {{convert|223|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}: Badakuda, Breakfast, Honeymoon, Kalijai Island, Birds Island, Kanthapantha, Krushnaprasada (Old Parikuda), Nalabana, Nuapara, Somolo and Sanakuda.
| cities = [[Balugaon]], [[Satpada]], [[Parikud]], [[Rambha (Odisha)|Rambha]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| embedded =
{{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_date = 1 October 1981
| designation1_number = 229<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chilika Lake|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/229|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}}
| reference = <ref name="Tripati">{{cite journal|last= Tripati|first=Sila|author2=A. P. Patnaik |date=10 February 2008|title=Stone anchors along the coast of Chilika Lake: New light on the maritime activities of Orissa, India|journal=Current Science|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|location=Bangalore|volume= 94|issue= 3|pages=386–390|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/feb102008/386.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Mohanty"/>
}}


'''Chilika Lake''' is the largest [[brackish water]] [[lagoon]] with estuarine character that sprawls along the east coast of Indian sub-continent in Asia<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chilika Lake - Asia's largest brackish water lagoon |url=https://www.chilika.com/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=www.chilika.com}}</ref> and second largest [[coastal lagoon]] in the world,{{disputed-inline|reason=Conflicts with [[list of largest lagoons]].|date=October 2024}} covering an area of over {{convert|1100|km2}}.<ref name="FED">{{cite web|url=http://wildlifeorissa.in/chilika.html|title=Chilika|author=Forest and Environment Department|work=Wildlife Conservation in Orissa|publisher=Govt of Orissa|access-date=2008-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416092106/http://wildlifeorissa.in/chilika.html|archive-date=16 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="invent">{{cite web|url=http://envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/Wetland%20Inventory.pdf|title=Inventory of wetlands|access-date=2008-12-09|publisher=Govt. of India|pages=314–318|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183104/http://envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/Wetland%20Inventory.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boat-duesseldorf.com/cipp/md_boot/custom/pub/content,oid,29113/lang,2/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/New_Caledonia_-_at_the_heart_of_the_world%25E2%2580%2599s_biggest_lagoon%253C_02.11%253E.html|title=New Caledonia - at the heart of the world's biggest lagoon</02.11>|website=boat-duesseldorf.com|access-date=2016-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817040922/http://www.boat-duesseldorf.com/cipp/md_boot/custom/pub/content,oid,29113/lang,2/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/New_Caledonia_-_at_the_heart_of_the_world%25E2%2580%2599s_biggest_lagoon%253C_02.11%253E.html|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is spread over the [[Puri District|Puri]], [[Khurda District|Khordha]] and [[Ganjam District|Ganjam]] districts of [[Odisha]] state on the [[Eastern Coastal Plains|east coast of India]], at the mouth of the [[Daya River]], flowing into the [[Bay of Bengal]].

It has been listed as a tentative [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage sites in India|World Heritage]] site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5896/|title=Chilika Lake|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref> Its salinity varies by region, from freshwater where rivers flow in, to oceanic salinity levels due to tidal influx.

[[File:DSC_0764f.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Irrawaddy dolphin]] in Chilika Lake, [[Satpada]]]]

==History==
[[File:Golabai plan.jpg|thumb|250px|Golabai Sasan excavation site]]
Geological evidence indicates that Chilika Lake was part of the [[Bay of Bengal]] during the later stages of the [[Pleistocene]] period (1.8 million to 10,000 years [[Before Present|BP]]).

Excavations were conducted by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] at [[Golabai|Golabai Sasan]] ({{Coord|20|1|7|N|85|32|54|E|display=inline}}), north of Chilika lake in Khurdha district.<ref name="Sinha 322">{{cite book|last=Sinha|first=B.K.|title=A Protohistoric Site on the Coast of Odisha |editor=Kishor K. Basa |editor2=Pradeep Mohanty|publisher=Pratibha Prakashan|location=Delhi|year=2000|edition=in: Archaeology of Odisha|volume=1|pages=322–355|chapter= 13. B.K. Sinha, Golabai |isbn=978-81-7702-011-3}}</ref> Golabai provides evidence of a sequence of Chilika area culture in three phases: [[Neolithic]] (c. 1600 BCE), [[Chalcolithic]] (c. 1400 BCE to c. 900 BCE) and [[Iron Age]] (c. 900 BCE to c. 800 BCE). [[Radiocarbon dating]] traced the earliest level of Golbai to 2300 BCE. The site is located on the left bank of the [[Malaguni River]], a tributary of the [[Daya River]], which flows into Chilika Lake. This location, which gave access to the sea via Chilika Lake, gives evidence of the maritime activities of this region. The recovery of many woodworking [[adzes]] and other [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]] shows that Golabai was a boat-building centre. Golabai is the only excavated site in Odisha where boat building has been revealed. This also indicates that Chilika lake was close to Golabai and it facilitated the maritime trade of people in the area during the ancient period.<ref name="Patra">{{cite journal|last=Patra |first=Sushanta Ku. |author2=Dr. Benudhar Patra |date=1992–1993 |title=ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE MARITIME HISTORY OF ANCIENT ORISSA |journal=OHRJ |publisher=Govt. of Orissa |location=Bhubaneswar |volume=XLVII |issue=2 |pages=107–118 |url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Journal/Journal2/pdf/ohrj-014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029204543/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Journal/Journal2/pdf/ohrj-014.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2009}}</ref>

Ancient texts say the southern sector of Chilika was a major [[harbour]] for maritime [[commerce]], when [[Kharavela]] (c. 209 BCE–after 170 BCE), the King of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], was known as the "Lord of the Sea".<ref name=spit>{{cite web|url=http://www.chilika.com/history.htm|title=History of Chilika|access-date=2008-12-16|publisher=Chilika Lake Development Authority, Odisha|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207100906/http://www.chilika.com/history.htm|archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref>

[[Ptolemy]] (150 CE), the [[Greeks|Greek]] geographer, referred to [[Palur]] as the port ''Paloura'', located close to the point of departure situated outside of the southern tip of the lake at Kantiagarh, from where ships bound for different parts of [[Southeast Asia]], sailed. After 639, the Chinese pilgrims [[Faxian|Fa-Hien]] and [[Hiuen-Tsang]] mention a famous port "''Che-li-ta-loChing''" near the shore of the ocean which was a thoroughfare and resting place for seagoing traders and strangers from distant lands. This port was located at 'Chhatragarh' on the banks of Chilika Lake.<ref name="Patra"/>

A fourth-century legend, often told to explain the birth of Chilika, states that the pirate king, Raktabahu, planned to attack [[Puri]] with a huge fleet of ships. To avoid detection, he stealthily anchored out of sight, off the mouth to the sea. The deception was revealed by the ships' refuse floating to the shore, thus warning the town's people, who escaped with all their possessions. Raktabahu felt betrayed when he found an abandoned town and directed his fury towards the sea
that had betrayed him. The sea parted to let the army march in, then surged back, drowned the army and formed the present lake.<ref name="Mohanty">{{cite journal|last=Mohanty|first=Prof. Prafulla Kumar|author2=Dr. Sanjaya Narayan Otta|date=June 2008|title=Dolphins of Chilika|journal=Orissa Review|publisher=Govt. of Orissa|pages=21–26|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/June-2008/engpdf/Pages21-26.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410031710/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/June-2008/engpdf/Pages21-26.pdf|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref>

Archeological excavations discovered seventh-century ship anchors and stone memoirs dedicated to battle heroes at a village named Kanas, about {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on|0}} north of Chilika on the banks of Nuna river, which flows into the lake. This gives evidence of a historic naval engagement off the coast.

A 10th-century text, the [[Brahmanda Purana]], mentions Chilika Lake as an important centre of trade and commerce, and a shelter for ships sailing to [[Java]], [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]], [[Ceylon|Singhala]], China and other countries. This suggests that the lake was then deep enough for berthing seagoing ships and had a channel to the sea big enough for loaded trading ships embarking to [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Choud">{{cite journal|last=Choudhury |first=Dr. Janmejay |date=November 2007 |title=Nature Queen Chilika and Eco-Tourism |journal=Orissa Review |publisher=Govt. of Orissa |pages=17–19 |url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/nov-2007/engpdf/Pages17-19.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410053215/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/nov-2007/engpdf/Pages17-19.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/nindia/2008/080603/full/nindia.2008.215.html|title= New clues to historic naval war in Chilika|access-date=2008-12-16|publisher =Nature India Journal Published online 3 June 2008, Subhra Priyadarshini}}</ref><ref name="Tripathy">{{cite journal|last=Tripathy |first=Dr. Balaram |date=November 2007 |title=Maritime Heritage of Orissa |journal=Orissa Review |publisher=Govt. of Orissa |pages=27–41 |url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/nov-2007/engpdf/Pages27-41.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410053238/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/nov-2007/engpdf/Pages27-41.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> The villagers around Chilika Lake still observe an annual festival called "''Bali Yatra''" (Journey to [[Bali]]).

In 1803, the [[British Raj|British]] entered the shores of the lake, reached Puri and occupied Odisha with the help of Fateh Muhammed. Fateh Muhammed, in turn, was rewarded by the British with [[Freehold (English law)|freehold]] of the areas of Malud and [[Parikud]], of the present day Garh Krishnaprasad revenue block.<ref name= spit/>

Over the years, poets including [[Kabibar Radhanath Ray]] and Pandit [[Godabarish Mishra|Godavarish Mishra]], freedom fighters and Saints have extolled historicity of the lake as pertinent to its cultural, spiritual, religious and scenic aspects.<ref name= spit/><ref name="Choud"/><blockquote>
"[[Gopabandhu Das]], a famous Odiya poet, became impatient to see the beauty of the march of colorful sights and sounds of Chilika lagoon while going by train. He asked the speeding train to stop for a moment so that he could enjoy the beauty. It is because of the beauty that arrests him much".<ref name="Iwasa">{{cite book|last=Iwasaki|first=Shimpei|title=Proceedings of the International Workshop in Sustainable Development of Chilika Lagoon.|editor=Chilika Development Authority and Department of Water Resources (Odisha)|publisher=Global Environment Information Centre|location=Tokyo, Japan.|date=14 December 1998|pages=27|chapter=Sustainable Regional DevelopmentIn the Catchment of Chilika Lagoon, Orissa State, India|chapter-url=http://geic.hq.unu.edu/ENV/Files/2007/2007_iwasaki_intern.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610195847/http://geic.hq.unu.edu/ENV/Files/2007/2007_iwasaki_intern.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref>
</blockquote>Chilika is an integral part of the culture of coastal Odisha. Almost 400 years ago, the saint poet Purshottam Das, a devotee of Lord Jagannath, wrote a poem about Lord Krishna dancing with a milkmaid called Maniki, who had come to sell curds on the banks of the Chilika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chilika Lake - Asia's largest brackish water lagoon |url=https://www.chilika.com/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=www.chilika.com}}</ref>

==Geology==
The lake is of [[estuarine]] character in an [[ephemeral]] environment. Geological studies indicate that the coastline extended along the western shores of the lake in the [[Pleistocene]] era with its northeastern region lying under the sea. That the coastline has moved eastward over the ages is supported by the fact that the nearby [[Konarak Sun Temple|Konark Sun Temple]], built originally on the seashore a few hundred years ago, is now about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on|0}}, away from the coast.

The [[drainage basin|catchment area]] of Chilika lake has a rock, sand and mud substratum. It contains a wide range of sedimentary particles such as clay, silt, sand, gravel and shell banks but the major part of the catchment area is silt. Around 1.6 million [[metric ton]]s per year of sediment is deposited in Chilika lake by rivers Daya and several streams.<ref name="Iwasa"/>

It is conjectured that a rise in worldwide sea levels over the last 6,000–8,000 years occurred with a pause in the rise of sea level about 7,000 years ago, which could have resulted in the formation of a sandy beach near the coast at the Southern sector. With the rise in the sea level, the sand beach grew gradually, progressed seaward to the northeast and formed the spit of Chilika. A [[fossil]] unearthed from the southwestern edge of the spit indicates that the lake was formed about 3,500–4,000 years ago. The abrupt change in the direction of the coast north of the lake, strong winds shifting sand to the shore, longshore drift ([[littoral drift]]), the presence or absence of strong river and tidal currents in different areas are the reasons attributed for the growth of the spit.<ref name= spit/>

White bands of [[Coral#Evolution|coral]] in the southern sector, at a height of {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, above the present water level, shows that the area was once marine and that the water was much deeper than present.<ref name= spit/> The chronological development of the outer barrier spit of the lake has been dated by [[Optically stimulated luminescence]] studies of minerals. This was done on sixteen samples of the lake bed. The studies indicated doses of between 153 ± 3 m[[Gray (unit)|Gy]] and 2.23 ± 0.07 Gy, corresponding to ages from 40 years at the top of the spit to 300 years at the bottom. The youngest ages are consistent with the age of the overlying vegetation. A clearly defined period of > {{convert|2.5|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} of barrier construction 40 years ago is identified. Prior to that the deposition rate was relatively constant for 300 years.'"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/1-4/442|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120714173127/http://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/1-4/442|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2012-07-14|title= Luminescence dating of the barrier spit at Chilika lake, Odisha, India |access-date=2008-12-16|publisher = Oxford Journals, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 119, Number 1-4, pp. 442-445, A. S. Murray and M. Mohanti}}</ref>

==Geography and topography==
[[File:Chilika lake.png|thumb|250px|right|This map of Chilika Lake showing Nalaban Island, Chilika Bird Sanctuary, Dolphin Sanctuary, [[Puri]] town and Malud peninsula.]]
[[File:Chilka-S-c.jpg|thumb|250px|Chilika Lake-central & west 1958 Topographic map, 1:250,000]]
[[File:Chilka-North-c.jpg|thumb|250px|Chilika Lake-east end]]
[[File:Chilika Lake 4.jpg|thumb|250px|Chilika Lake]]
[[File:Satapada 2.jpg|thumb|250px|Jetty at Satapada, Chilika Lake, Odisha]]
[[File:Chilika sea side.png|thumb|right|250px|Chilika Sea mouth]]

Chilika Lake is a shallow [[Estuary#Types of estuary|bar-built estuary]] with large areas of [[mudflats]]. The western and southern margins of the lake are fringed by the [[Eastern Ghats]] hill range.<ref name="Tripathy"/>

Several inland rivers, which bring silt into the lake, control the northern end of the lake. A {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} long [[barrier beach]] called '''Rejhansa''',<ref name="Singh">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|author2=Joe Bindloss |author3=Paul Clammer |author4=Janine Eberle |title=India|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1/page/576 576]|isbn=978-1-74059-694-7|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari_1|url-access=registration}}</ref> formed by northerly currents in the [[Bay of Bengal]], resulted in the formation of this shallow lake and forms its eastern side. As an [[ephemeral]] lake, its water surface area varies from {{convert|1165|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|1}} in the summer [[Monsoon#Southwest monsoon|monsoon]] season to {{convert|906|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|1}} in the winter [[Monsoon#Northeast monsoon|dry season]].

The water spread area of the lagoon ranges between {{convert|1165|and|906|km2}} during the monsoon and summer respectively. A {{convert|32|km|adj=on}} long, narrow, outer channel connects the lagoon to the [[Bay of Bengal]], near the village Motto. More recently, a new mouth has been opened by Chilika Development Authority (CDA) which has brought a new lease of life to the lagoon.

The lake has numerous islands. The larger islands, separated by shallow channels, lie between the barrier and the main body of the lake. A total {{convert|42|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of channels connect the lake with Bay of Bengal.<ref name="Choud" /> The six major islands are ''Parikud, Phulbari, Berahpura, Nuapara, Nalbana,'' and ''Tampara''. These islands, together with the ''Peninsula of Malud'', constitute the ''Krishnaprasad Revenue Block'' of [[Puri District]].<ref name="invent" /><ref name="home">{{cite web |author=Chilika Development Authority |year=2008 |title=Welcome to Chilika Lagoon |url=http://www.chilika.com/home.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001012938/http://www.chilika.com/home.htm |archive-date=1 October 2008 |access-date=2008-12-16}}</ref>

The north shore of the lake is part of [[Khordha District]] and the western shore is part of [[Ganjam District]]. Due to [[siltation]], the width of the barrier has fluctuated and the mouth to the sea has periodically been closed. The location of the mouth has also frequently shifted, generally towards the northeast. The mouth, which was {{convert|1.5|km|mi|abbr=on|1}} wide in 1780, was only {{convert|.75|km|mi|abbr=on|1}} forty years later. The local fishermen, to maintain their livelihood, had to cut open the mouth to gain access to the sea for fishing.<ref name="spit"/>

Water depth of the lake varies from {{convert|0.9|to|2.6|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} in the dry season to {{convert|5.9|to|13.8|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} in the rainy season. The width of the old channel to the sea, now reported to be about {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}}, is known as '''Magarmukha''' (Mouth of the Crocodile). The lake is divided into four separate zones namely, the southern, central, northern sectors and the outer channel area. A {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on|1}} long outer channel connects the lake with the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Arakhuda village. The lake is pear-shaped and has a maximum length of {{convert|64.3|km|mi|abbr=on}} with a mean width of {{convert|20.1|km|mi|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name="invent"/><ref name = Ajit/>

Another lake in India called [[Vembanad|Vembanad Lake]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami |first=V.N. |title=D.C.C. Bank Clerk Grade Examination |publisher=Vidyabharti Publication |year=2020 |location=[[Latur]], India |page=171 |language=mr}}</ref> is the longest lake (if the length is considered, {{convert|96.5|km}} where the length of Chilika Lake is {{convert|64|km}}) in India.

==Hydrology==
Three hydrological subsystems control the hydrology of the lake. The land-based system comprises [[Distributary|distributaries]] of the [[Mahanadi River]] on the northern side, 52 river channels from the western side and the [[Bay of Bengal]] on the eastern side. Two of the three southern branches of the Mahanadi River that trifurcates at [[Cuttack]], feed the lake. 61% ({{convert|850|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}) of the total freshwater inflow into the lake is contributed by these two branches.

The second drainage system which is non–perennial accounts for 39% ({{convert|536|m3/s|cuft/s}}) of the inflow. The important rivers of this drainage system are the Kansari, Kusumi, Janjira, and Tarimi rivers. The annual total surface freshwater input to the lake is estimated to be {{convert|1.76|km3|acre.ft|lk=out}} including direct precipitation over the lake contributing {{convert|0.87|km3|acre.ft|lk=out}}
All the inland river systems disgorge an annual flow of about {{convert|0.375|e6m3|acre.ft}} of freshwater which is estimated to carry 13 million metric tons of silt into the lake. On the northeast, a channel connects the lake to the Bay of Bengal.

A [[Monsoon#Northeast monsoon|tropical monsoon climate]] prevails over the drainage basin area of the lake. The lake experiences South–west and North-east monsoons during June to September and November to December respectively with an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1238.8|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}, with 72 rainy days. The maximum temperature of {{convert|39.9|C|F|abbr=on|1}} and minimum temperature of {{convert|14|C|F|abbr=on|1}} have been recorded.<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=Chilika at a Glance |url=http://www.chilika.com/chilika_at_glance.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308145009/http://www.chilika.com/chilika_at_glance.htm |archive-date=8 March 2013 |access-date=2013-01-23 |publisher=Chilika Development Authority}}</ref>

===Sediment quality===
The Chilika Development Authority (CDA) established an organized system of water quality measurements and [[limnological]] investigations indicating the following physico–chemical characteristics of the lake waters.<ref name = about/>
* Lake water is [[alkaline]] – [[pH]] ranging from 7.1 – 9.6 with total [[alkalinity]] matching the [[salinity]]. The southern part of the lake near Rambha has recorded the highest alkalinity.
* [[Bathymetry]] survey indicates extreme shallow depths in the northern sector, with less than {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} in a large area. The southern sector of the lake has recorded the maximum depth of {{convert|3.9|m|ft|abbr=on|1}}
* High [[turbidity]] due to strong mixing of overlying water with sediments is confirmed by observed transparency values ranging between {{convert|9|and|155|cm|ft|abbr=on}}.
* Salinity levels in the lake show wide temporal and spatial variation due to a complex blend of freshwater discharge, evaporation, wind condition and tidal inflow of seawater. The brackish nature of the lake is depicted by the 0 parts per thousand near the Daya River mouth to hyper-saline level of 42 ppt in the outlet channel during the dry period.
* The [[dissolved oxygen]] values were between 3.3–18.9 mg/L.
* [[Phosphate]] [[phosphorus]] (0–0.4 ppm), [[nitrate]] [[nitrogen]] (10–60 ppm) and [[silicates]] (1–8 ppm) are high in the north and northwest part of the lake where most of the rivers discharge into the lake with large amounts of silt and nutrients.
* The lake is broadly divided into four zones on the basis of salinity values, namely the southern, central, northern and outer channel. Tidal influx of seawater during monsoon is arrested by the strong influx of a large amount of fresh water from the northern and central zones. Brackish water conditions in the southern zone, even during monsoon, prevail due to low water exchange. Salinity in the southern zone decreases during the post-monsoon period and in winter as northern winds facilitate mixing of water with rest of the lake. During the summer, intrusion of salt water from the outer channel into the lake increases since water level of the lake is at its lowest level. A general increase in salinity of the central and northern zones occurs due to wind-induced mixing by the predominantly southern winds and salinity in the southern zone does not rise appreciably.<ref name = about/>

===Sedimentation===
Adverse tidal exchange occurred due to the [[littoral drift]] along the coast line causing flow reduction and shifting of the lake mouth every year. Estimated [[sediment transport]] due to this is on the order of 100,000 [[metric ton]]s. This adverse effect needed ameliorative actions.<ref name=Ajit>{{cite web|author=International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC)|url=http://www.iwlearn.net/publications/ll/chilikalagoon_2005.pdf|title=Chilika Lagoon-Experience and Lessons Learned Brief, Asish K.Ghosh, CED & Ajit K.Patnaik, CDA, pp. 116-129|year=2005|access-date=2008-12-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013160324/http://www.iwlearn.net/publications/ll/chilikalagoon_2005.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref>

Sediment cores were collected from different locations of the lake. The result indicated spatial variation of sedimentation rate in three zones of the lake of {{convert|7.6|mm|in}}/year (Northern Sector), {{convert|8.0|mm|in}}/year (Central Sector) and {{convert|2.8|mm|in}}/year (Southern Sector). The non–uniform sedimentation rate along with the porosity and water content of the sediment cores were also analysed which indicated the lake had different deposition zones, with comparatively higher sedimentation rate in Northern and Central Sector and a slow rate in the Southern Sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsip.res.in/pdf/XXI%20ICMS%20abstract.pdf|title=Estimation of Sedimentation Rate in Chilika Lake, Odisha Using Environmental 210pb Isotope Systematics, P 267|access-date=2008-12-16|publisher=Centre for Water Resources Development and Management|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194906/http://www.bsip.res.in/pdf/XXI%20ICMS%20abstract.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Conservation – threats and management==
In 1971, during Indira Gandhi's tenure as Prime Minister of India, Chilika Lake was designated the first Indian [[Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|wetland of international importance]] under the [[Ramsar Convention]] due to its rich [[biodiversity]] as shown by the facts that:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=A Prime Minister and a Naturalist|url=https://sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/a-prime-minister-and-a-naturalist|access-date=2021-09-14|website=sanctuarynaturefoundation.org|language=en}}</ref>
* Over a million migratory waterfowl and shorebirds winter here.
* Over 400 vertebrate species have been recorded.
* As an estuarine lagoon, it supports a unique assemblage of marine, brackish and freshwater species.
* Several rare and endangered species are found in the region.
* The lake supports fisheries that are the lifeline of the community.
* The lake is of great value in preserving genetic diversity.
* There is an Increase in [[weed]]s and aquaculture activities.<ref name="montrex">{{cite web |author=The Ramsar Convention |date=26 November 2008 |title=The Montreux Record |url=http://www.ramsar.org/key_montreux_record.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801115705/http://www.ramsar.org/key_montreux_record.htm |archive-date=1 August 2008 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref name="award">{{cite web |author=Chilika Development Authority |year=2008 |title=Ramsar Award |url=http://www.chilika.com/ramsar.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207100937/http://www.chilika.com/ramsar.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 |access-date=2008-12-16}}</ref>

===Threats===
Over the years, the ecosystem of the lake encountered several problems and threats such as:
* Siltation due to littoral drift and sediments from the inland river systems
* Shrinkage of water surface area
* Choking of the inlet channel as well as shifting of the mouth connecting to the sea
* Decrease in salinity and fishery resources
* Proliferation of freshwater invasive species
* An overall loss of biodiversity with decline in productivity adversely affecting the livelihood of the community that depended on it
* Fights between fishermen and non-fishermen communities about fishing rights in the lake and consequent court cases
The expansion of commercial aquaculture of prawn has contributed to the decline of the lakes fisheries and bird population.<ref name="Wood">{{cite book |editor-last=Wood |editor-first=Alexander |editor2=Pamela Stedman-Edwards |editor3=Johanna Mang |title=The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss |publisher=Earthscan |year=2000 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rootcausesofbiod0000unse/page/213 213–230] |chapter=Ch. 10 India: Chilika Lake |isbn=978-1-85383-699-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haIGoPpqTRgC&pg=PA214 |url=https://archive.org/details/rootcausesofbiod0000unse/page/213 }}</ref>

Concerted action was initiated by the Odisha State Government with support from the Government of India to adopt adaptive conservation and management actions.<ref name="WWFind">{{cite web |author=WWF India |year=2008 |title=Chilika Lake |url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/ramsar_sites/chilika_lake_.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018110208/http://wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/ramsar_sites/chilika_lake_.cfm |archive-date=18 October 2007 |access-date=2008-12-16}}
</ref><ref name = Ajit/>

By 1993, the problems in Chilika were severe that the lake was put under "The Montreux Record" as the lake was considered to have "undergone, to be undergoing, or to be likely to undergo change in its ecological character brought about by human action". The purpose was to stimulate remedial measures for the lake's conservation, supplemented with adequate monitoring. It was expected that such an action would benefit from the advice from Ramsar Advisory Mission and other identified technical assistance programs.

In summary, siltation from upstream led to shrinkage of the water surface area, decrease of salinity and growth of invasive freshwater aquatic weed infestation, all of which had a negative impact on the habitat of wildlife and fishery resources.<ref name="Iwasa"/>

===Chilika Development Authority (CDA)===
In 1992, the Government of Odisha, concerned by the degradation of the lake's ecosystem and cognizant of significant numbers of people who were dependent upon the lake's resources, set up the CDA. The CDA was set up for restoration and overall development of the lake under the [[Indian Societies Registration Act]] as a parastatal body under the administrative jurisdiction of the Forest and Environment Department, with the following charter:
* To protect the Lake ecosystem with all its genetic diversity
* To formulate the management plan for Integrated Resource Management and wise use of the lake's resources by the community depending on it
* To execute multidimensional and multidisciplinary developmental activities either itself or through other agencies
* To collaborate with various national and international institutions for development of the lake<ref name = Ajit/>

The governing body of the Authority is headed by the [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] State and has people's representatives ([[Members of Parliament]] and [[Legislative Assembly]]), representatives of the fisherfolk communities and secretaries of the key departments, experts and eminent scientists as its members.

In 1998, an executive committee constituted with financial authority, supplemented with financial support from the Tenth and Eleventh Finance Commissions of the [[Government of India]], gave support to the management initiatives taken up by CDA. This facilitated a coordinated approach to plan and implement effective ameliorative management actions.

An Integrated Management Plan was implemented with financial support of Rs 570 million (US$12.7 million) out of "special problem grants" recommended by the Finance Commissions. Hydrobiological monitoring was supported under the Odisha Water Resources Consolidation Project of the [[World Bank]], to the extent of Rs 10 million (US$220,000). A strong support network was created with 7 state government organizations, 33 NGOs, 3 national government ministries, 6 other organizations, 11 international organizations, 13 research institutions and 55 different categories of community groups.<ref name = Ajit/>

In 2003, a collaboration of Indian and Japanese experts led to a friendly relationship between Chilika lake and [[Lake Saroma|Saroma Lake]] in Japan called ''Sister Wetlands''.<ref name="Iwasa"/>

===Ameliorative actions===
Considering the threats faced by the lake, the national wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs committee of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, also identified the lake as a priority site for conservation and management.<ref name = about/> The ameliorative actions were taken by the CDA to restore the ecosystem and to improve the socio-economic conditions of the communities living around the lake and on its islands involved the following.

* Opening the lake mouth
The effective ameliorative action was the hydrological intervention of opening the new lake mouth and channel to the sea through the barrier beach at Satapura. This improved the spatial and temporal salinity gradients of the lake to maintain the unique characteristics of an estuarine eco-system. This intervention was undertaken after detailed scientific studies, including 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and hydraulics studies on a model prototype, were carried out by the Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune and [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]], Goa. In September 2000, the desiltation of the channel connecting the lake to the sea and opening of a new mouth to restore the natural flows of water and salinity levels was carried out. These actions resulted in a notable increase in the lake's fish yield and a reduction of freshwater weeds. The new mouth reduced the length of the outflow channel by {{convert|18|km|mi}}.<ref name = award/><ref name = rest>{{cite web|author=Chilika Development Authority|url= http://www.chilika.com/restore.htm|title= Restoration|access-date=2008-12-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080803061914/http://www.chilika.com/restore.htm |archive-date = 3 August 2008}}</ref> Opening of the new mouth provided a favorable increased salinity regime throughout the lake with less fluctuations and improved water clarity.<ref name="Iwasa"/>

Other measures included:
* Catchments management in "participatory micro-watershed management in a whole ecosystem approach".
* Protection of bird habitat and of bird species.
* Economic incentives to the local population to stop poaching of birds.
* Measures to improve the socio–economic conditions, such as training programmes to develop eco-tourism.
* Provision of solar streetlight systems to island villages.
* Development of a ferry service for isolated villages.
* Construction of landing facilities for fisherfolk, as well as education and environmental awareness activities.

In 2002, Chilika was taken out of the Montreux Record, in light of the improved conditions of the lake.<ref name = "montrex"/><ref name = award/> Chilika lake is the first Ramsar site in Asia to be
removed from the Montreux record.<ref name="Iwasa"/>

===Awards===
* In November 2002, the [[Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award]] was presented to the Chilika Development Authority for "outstanding achievements in the field of restoration and wise use of wetlands and effective participation of local communities in these activities".<ref name="montrex"/><ref name="award"/>
* The Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puruskar, constituted by the [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], Government of India awarded the prestigious Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Award–2002 to the Chilika Development Authority for the outstanding contribution of conservation and restoration of the Chilika lake eco-system.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chilika Development Authority|url=http://www.chilika.com/news.htm|title=News|access-date=2008-12-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207100922/http://www.chilika.com/news.htm|archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
[[File:Chilika Bhubaneswar.me.jpg|thumb|Migratory birds at Chilika lake]]
The ecological richness of the lake is of value in preserving the genetic diversity because of the multiplicity of its habitat, [[flora]] and [[fauna]] (see photo gallery).<ref name = WWFind/> The [[Zoological Survey of India]] (ZSI) surveyed the lake between 1985 and 1988 and identified 800 animal species, including many rare, endangered and vulnerable species, but excluding terrestrial insects.

The threatened animal species identified are [[Green turtle|green sea turtle]] ([[Endangered species|EN]]), [[dugong]] ([[Vulnerable species|VU]]), [[Orcaella brevirostris|Irrawaddy dolphin]] ([[Endangered species|EN]]), blackbuck (NT), [[Eurynorhynchus pygmeus|Spoon billed sandpiper]] ([[Critically endangered species|CR]]), [[Barkudia insularis|Chilika limbless skink]] (CR) and [[fishing cat]] ([[Vulnerable species|VU]]). 24 [[mammal]]ian species were reported. 37 species of [[reptiles]] and [[amphibians]] are also reported.<ref name = WWFind/><ref name="fish">{{cite web |author=Chilika Development Authority |year=2008 |title=Fish Yield Status |url=http://www.chilika.com/reappear.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630081317/http://www.chilika.com/reappear.htm |archive-date=30 June 2008 |access-date=2008-12-11}}</ref>

===Flora===
Recent surveys revealed 726 species of flowering plants belonging to 496 genera and 120 families. This represents about one fourth of the vascular plant species of the Odisha state where some 2900 species altogether are found.
The flora is dominated by aquatic and sub-aquatic plants with [[Fabaceae]] as the dominant plant family followed by [[Poaceae]] and [[Cyperaceae]]. Certain species were found to be characteristic of specific islands.
Important species identified are:<ref name = WWFind/><ref name = Ajit/>
* [[Leguminosae]], Poaceae, and Cyperaceae
* Endemic ''[[Cassipourea]] ceylanica''
* Five species of [[seagrass]]
* Wild plants of horticultural importance and interesting plant groups such as insectivorous plants, [[epiphyte]]s, [[parasitism|parasites]] and [[lithophyte]]s
* [[Mangrove]] associates, such as ''Aegiceras corniculatus'', ''Excoecaria agalloch'', ''[[Salvadora persica]]'', ''[[Pongamia pinnata]]'', ''[[Colubrina]] asiatica'', ''[[Capparis]] roxburghii'', ''[[Macrotyloma]] ciliatum'' and many others.

===Fauna===
[[File:Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus 3.jpg|thumb|Brown-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus)]]
Chilika Lake is the largest wintering ground for [[Bird migration|migratory]] birds, on the [[Indian sub-continent]]. The lake is home to a number of [[threatened]] species of plants and animals.<ref name="about" /><ref name="WWFind" /> It is one of the [[Biodiversity hotspot|hotspots]] of [[biodiversity]] in the country. Some species listed in the [[IUCN]] Red List of threatened animals inhabit the lake for at least part of their life cycle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/photo364192.htm.|title = Chilika Lake|access-date=2008-12-16}}</ref>

The lagoon hosts over 160 species of birds in the peak migratory season. Birds from as far as the [[Caspian Sea]], [[Lake Baikal]], [[Aral Sea]] and other remote parts of [[Russia]], [[Kazakh Steppe|Kirghiz steppes]] of [[Kazakhstan]], [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[southeast Asia]], [[Ladakh]] and [[Himalayas]] come here. These birds travel great distances; some of them possibly travel as much as {{convert|12000|km}} to reach Chilika Lake.

Birds like [[White-bellied sea eagle|White bellied sea eagles]], [[greylag geese]], [[purple moorhen]], [[Jacanidae|jacana]], [[flamingos]], [[egrets]], [[Grey heron|grey]] and [[purple heron]], [[Indian roller]], [[storks]], [[Black-headed ibis|white ibis]], [[spoonbills]], [[Brahminy Duck|brahminy ducks]], [[Shoveler duck|shovellers]], [[pintails]], and more are found here.

Migratory waterfowl arrive here from as far as the [[Caspian Sea]], [[Baikal Lake]] and remote parts of [[Russia]], [[Mongolia]], [[Ladakh]], [[Siberia]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Afghanistan]] and from the [[Himalayas]].<ref name="Choud"/> A census conducted in the winter of 1997-98 recorded about 2 million birds in the lake.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wii.gov.in/envis/paupdates/jpamfebruary1999.htm#or|title=Birds Crowd Odisha Sanctuary|last=staff|date=15 October 1998|access-date=2008-12-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090727081608/http://wii.gov.in/envis/paupdates/jpamfebruary1999.htm%23or|archive-date=27 July 2009|url-status=dead|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

According to a survey, 45 percent of the birds are terrestrial in nature, 32 percent are [[waterfowl]], and 23 percent are [[wader]]s. The lagoon is also home to 14 types of [[Bird of prey|raptors]]. Around 152 rare and endangered [[Irrawaddy dolphin]]s have also been reported. Plus, the lagoon supports about 37 species of [[reptiles]] and [[amphibians]].<ref>{{cite news |date=22 January 2013 |title=Dolphin population rises to 152 in Chilika lake in Orissa |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Dolphin-population-rises-to-152-in-Chilika-lake-in-Orissa/articleshow/18134076.cms |access-date=2013-01-23 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2007, nearly 840,000 birds visited the lake, out of which 198,000 were spotted in Nalbana Island. On 5 Jan 2008, a bird census involving 85 wildlife officials counted 900,000 birds of which 450,000 were sighted in Nalabana. Removal of [[invasive species]] of freshwater aquatic plants, especially [[water hyacinth]], due to restoration of salinity, is a contributing factor for the recent increasing attraction of birds to the lake.<ref name="Choud"/><ref name=birds>{{cite web|url=http://srijanfoundation.org/2008/01/09/900000-birds-visit-chilika-lake/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209062807/http://srijanfoundation.org/2008/01/09/900000-birds-visit-chilika-lake/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-12-09|title=900,000, Birds Visit Chilika Lake|access-date=2008-12-09|publisher=srijanfoundation}}</ref>

;Nalbana Bird Sanctuary
{{Main|Nalbana Bird Sanctuary}}
Nalbana Island is the core area of the Ramsar designated wetlands of Chilika Lake. Nalbana means ''a weed-covered island'' In the [[Odia language]]. It is a major island in the center of the lake and has an area of {{convert|15.53|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{dubious|date=December 2009}}. The island gets submerged during the monsoon season. As the monsoon recedes in the winter, lake levels decrease and the island is exposed, birds flock to the island in large numbers to feed on its extensive [[mudflats]]. Nalbana was notified in 1987 and declared a bird sanctuary in 1973 under the [[Wildlife Protection Act of 1972|Wildlife Protection Act]].<ref name="Choud"/><ref name="Ghosh">{{cite web|url=http://www.iwlearn.net/publications/ll/chilikalagoon_2005.pdf|title=fig.1 Chilika Lagoon Basin|last=Ghosh|first=Asish K.|author2=Ajit K. Pattnaik|work=Chilika Lagoon Experience and Lessons learned Brief|publisher=[[UNEP]] International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network|pages=115|access-date=2008-12-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013160324/http://www.iwlearn.net/publications/ll/chilikalagoon_2005.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref>

===Aqua fauna===
As per the Chilika Development Authority's (CDA) updated data (2002), 323 aquatic species, which includes 261 fish species, 28 [[prawns]] and 34 [[crabs]] are reported out of which sixty five species breed in the lake. 27 species are freshwater fishes and two genera of prawns. The remaining species migrate to the sea to breed. 21 species of [[herring]]s and sardines of the family [[Clupeidae]] are reported.

[[Microalgae]], marine seaweeds, [[sea grass]]es, fish and crab also flourish in the brackish water of the Chilika Lagoon. Recovery of seagrass beds in recent years is a welcoming trend which may eventually result in re-colonization of endangered [[dugong]]s.<ref>IANS. 2010. [http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/will-growing-seagrass-beds-bring-back-rare-sea-cows-to-chilika_100327885.html Will growing seagrass beds bring back rare sea cows to Chilika?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625050349/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/will-growing-seagrass-beds-bring-back-rare-sea-cows-to-chilika_100327885.html|date=25 June 2018}}. The Thaindian News. Retrieved 19 April 2017</ref>
[[File:Wallago attu 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Wallago attu]] – A common type of fish in the lake]]
Between 1998–2002, 40 fish species were recorded here for the first time and following the reopening of the lake mouth in 2000, six [[threatened]] species have reappeared, including:
* [[Chanos chanos|Milk fish]] (Seba khainga),
* [[Megalops cyprinoides|Indo-Pacific tarpon]] (Panialehio),
* [[Elops machnata|Ten pounder]] (Nahama),
* [[Sparidae|Bream]] (Kala khuranti),
* [[Hilsa]] (Tenuealosa) ilisha (ilishi) and
* [[Rhinomugil|Mullet]] ''R. corsula'' (Kekenda)<ref name = WWFind/><ref name = fish/>

;
;Commercial fisheries
The lake is an [[ecosystem]] with large fishery resources. It sustains more than 150,000 [[Fisher folk|fisher–folk]] living in 132 villages on the shore and islands.<ref name="fish" /><ref name="home" /> For centuries, fisher folk evolved exclusive rights of fishing through a complex system of partitioning the fisheries of the lake and developed a range of fishing techniques, nets and gear.<ref name="spit" />

During the British rule, in 1897–98, fishermen community enjoyed exclusive fisheries rights in the lake. The fisheries of the lake were part of the Zamindari estates of [[Khallikote]], Parikud, Suna Bibi, Mirza Taher Baig and the Chaudhary families of Bhungarpur and the Khas Mahal areas of Khurda, lying within the kingdoms of the Rajas of Parikud and Khallikote. The zamindars (Landlords) leased out the fisheries exclusively to the local fisherfolk.<ref name= spit/>

With the abolition of [[zamindari]] (land lordship) system in 1953, traditional fishing areas continued to be leased out to cooperatives of local fishermen. Fishing, particularly, prawn fishing, became remunerative with outside interest playing an important role. But in 1991, when the government of Odisha proposed a leasing policy that would have resulted in the auction of leases to the highest bidder, the Fishermen's cooperatives challenged the order in court. The High Court of Odisha ordered the Government to enact changes that would protect the interests of traditional fishermen and since then no new leases have been reported. This has resulted in a chaotic regime in which powerful vested interests from outside dominate, and the local people have been subordinated.<ref name= spit/>

[[Ompok|Butter catfish]] and ''[[Wallago attu]]'' are the most common type of fish found in the lake. 11 species of fish, 5 species of prawn and 2 crab species are commercially important. The commercially important prawn are [[giant tiger prawn]] (''Metapenaeus monoceros''), [[Indian prawn]] (''Penaeus indicus''), ''Metapenaeus monoceros'' (Speckled shrimp), ''Metapenaeus affinis'' (Pink prawn) and ''Metapenaeus dobson'' (Kadal shrimp). [[Scylla serrata|Mangrove crab]] is an important commercial crab.<ref name= Wood/> Fish landings in the lake, which fluctuated in the past, have recorded a remarkable recovery after the opening of the new mouth and [[dredging]] of silt –choked old mouth Magarmukh in 2000–2001, resulted in a better intermixing of the tidal influx from the sea and freshwater inflow from rivers. Against an all time lowest landing of fish and prawn of {{convert|1269|t|ST|abbr=on|0}} in 1995–96, the all-time high is reported to be {{convert|11878|t|ST|abbr=on|0}} during 2001–2002 resulting in an estimated per capita income for the fisher folk of Rs 19,575 (about US$392) during the year.<ref name = fish/> Recently, the [[Government of Odisha]] have issued a notification banning the lease of Chilika Lake for Culture Fishery.<ref name= spit/>

;Dolphins
[[File:DSC 0764f.jpg|thumb|Dolphin of Chilika]]
The [[Irrawaddy dolphin]] (''Orcaella brevirostris'') is the [[flagship species]] of Chilika lake. Chilika is home to the only known population of Irrawaddy dolphins in India<ref name="Suraria">{{cite web|url=http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/consprojectirr.pdf |title=Irrawaddy dolphin — India |last=Sutaria |first=Dipani |year=2007 |publisher=[[Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society]] |access-date=2008-12-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225032004/http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/consprojectirr.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2009}}</ref> and one of only two lagoons in the world that are home to this species.<ref name="Ghosh"/>

It is classified as Endangered according to International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).

A small population of [[Bottlenose dolphin]]s, also migrate into the lagoon from the sea.<ref name="FED"/> Chilika fishermen state that when Irrawaddy dolphins and bottlenose dolphins meet in the outer channel, the former get frightened and are forced to return toward the lake.<ref name="Sinha 244">{{cite journal|last=Sinha |first=R.K. |date=May–August 2004 |title=The Irrawaddy Dolphins ''Orcaella'' of Chilika Lagoon, India |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |publisher=online edition: Environmental Information System (ENVIS), [[Annamalai University]], Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India |location=Mumbai, India |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=244–251 |url=http://www.casmbenvis.nic.in/sdnp/lagoon%20pdf/L10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410010513/http://www.casmbenvis.nic.in/sdnp/lagoon%20pdf/L10.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref>

Some Irrawaddy dolphins used to be sighted only along the inlet channel and in a limited portion of the central sector of the lake. After the opening of the new mouth at Satapada in 2000, they are now well distributed in the central and the southern sector of the lake.<ref name=Ghosh/> The number of dolphins sighted has varied from 50 to 170. A 2006 census counted 131 dolphins and the 2007 census revealed 138 dolphins. Out of the 138 dolphins, 115 were adults, 17 adolescents and six calves. 60 adults were spotted in the outer channel followed by 32 in the central sector and 23 in the southern sector.<ref name="Das"/>

Dolphin tourism provides an important alternative source of income for many local residents. There are four tourist associations in Satapada employing three hundred and sixty 9-HP long-tail motor boats taking tourists to a {{convert|25|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} area of the lake for dolphin watching. About 500 fishing families are involved in this business.<ref name="Suraria"/> The Odisha Tourism Department and the Dolphin Motorboat Association, an NGO at Satpada, report about 40,000 tourists visit Chilika every year for dolphin watching. October–January, and May–June are the peak season for tourists at Chilika, with a maximum 600-700 per day during December–January. The Dolphin Motorboat Association has 75 8-passenger motorboats for dolphin watching. Tourists pay Rs. 250 for 60–90 minutes per trip(approx ₹4k for 10 people with 3.5 hours in a private boat in 2018). Besides the Association, the Odisha Tourism Department organises "dolphin-watch" for tourists. Even during monsoon, about 100 tourists/day visit the lake.<ref name="Sinha 244"/>

Boat based dolphin watching tours impact dolphin behavior and cause several accidental dolphin deaths each year.<ref name="D’Lima"/> CDA conducts an annual census of dolphin deaths. They report 15 deaths in 2003–04, 11 in 2004–05, 8 in 2005-06 and 5 in 2006–07. 40% of the 2006-07 deaths were by mechanised boats.<ref name="Das">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080228/jsp/frontpage/story_8956267.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208153700/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080228/jsp/frontpage/story_8956267.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2012|title=Dolphins better off in Chilika — Survey reveals dip in death toll of Irrawaddy School|last=Das|first=Subrat|date=28 February 2008|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Calcutta|pages=Front page|access-date=2008-12-25|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>

Since 2004, the [[Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society]] has been conducting a science-based community education project to conserve the Irrawaddy dolphins and Chilika Lake. They have determined the primary cause of mortality for this population of dolphins is floating gill nets and hook line fisheries and the secondary cause is boat strikes from increasing unmanaged tourism activities.<ref name="Suraria"/>

The Irrawaddy dolphins have a [[Mutualism (biology)|mutualistic relationship]] of co-operative fishing with the traditional fishermen. Fishermen recall when they would call out to the dolphins, to drive fish into their nets.<ref name="D’Lima">{{cite web|url=http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/dolphin-human_interactions_chilika.pdf |title=Dolphin-human interactions, Chilika |last=D'Lima |first=Coralie |year=2008 |work=Project summary |publisher=Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society |access-date=2008-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319102122/http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/dolphin-human_interactions_chilika.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2009}}</ref> Castnet fishing with the help of Irrawaddy dolphins in upper reaches of the Ayeyawady River has been documented.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tinttun.mm.googlepages.com/irrawaddydolphin|title=Castnet Fishing with the Help of Irrawaddy Dolphins|last=Tun|first=Tint|year=2008|work=Irrawaddy Dolphin|publisher=Yangon, Myanmar|access-date=2008-12-25|archive-date=25 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725115205/http://tinttun.mm.googlepages.com/irrawaddydolphin|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Major attractions==
The 15 km2 Nalaban Island is within the Lagoon and is the core area of the Ramsar designated wetlands. It was declared a bird sanctuary under the [[Wildlife]] Protection Act in 1973. It is the heart of the park where one can see thousands of birds descending during the migratory season. The island disappears during monsoon season due to inundation, and post-monsoon, the island emerges again.

The lake harbours 225 species of fish, a variety of phytoplankton, algae and aquatic plants, and also supports over 350 species of non-aquatic plants. The other areas where high concentrations of birds are recorded are Gerasara, Parikud Island, and the western shores of the northern sector.

==Eco-tourism==
The open air and scenic natural flora and fauna of the lake are an attraction for [[eco-tourism]]. This is expected to provide a degree of alternate employment to the local community and generate environmental awareness, among local residents as well as visitors, about the conservation and wise use of the lake's natural resources. The locations within the lake identified for such activity are:
* '''Rambha Bay''' at the southern end of the lake with the group of islands including:
** '''''The Becon Island''''', with an architectural conical pillar (to put a light on the top) built by Mr. Snodgrass, the then collector of [[Ganjam]] of the [[East India Company]], on a mass of rock in the Rambha Bay near Ghantasila hill. It has scenic water spread surrounded by the Eastern Ghat.
** '''''The Breakfast Island''''', pear-shaped, known as "Sankuda island", with remnants of a dilapidated bungalow constructed by the King of Kalikote, has rare plants and is full of greenery with appealing flora.
** '''''Honeymoon Island''''', {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on|0}} from Rambha [[Jetty]], known as Barkuda Island, with clear waters has abundant red and green macro [[algae]] in the bed is also known for the limbless [[lizard]], an endemic species found here.
* '''Somolo and Dumkudi islands''', located in the Central and Southern sectors of the lake, in the backdrop of scenic [[Khalikote]] hill range, are inundated remnants of the Eastern Ghats with rich flora and fauna and also known for sighting of Irrawaddy dolphins.
* '''Birds' island''', located in the southern sector of the lake has huge exposed hanging rocks, are painted white due to [[folic acid]] of the droppings of the birds and is known for rich algal communities and few mangrove species and also migratory birds in winter.
* '''[[Parikud]]''' is a group of composite islands in the Garh Krishnaprasad Block for nature lovers and provides an avian spectacle during winter season
* '''Kalijai Temple''' located on an island is considered to be the abode of the Goddess [[Kalijai]]. This temple is located at a hill which is surrounded by blue water bears. Local people of Chilika refer to goddess as the reigning deity of the lagoon
* '''[[Satapada]]''' village, at the new mouth of the lake, provides a view of the Lake and also views of the dolphins. Hundreds of boats here provide tours of the lake for tourists.
* '''Barunkuda''', a small island situated near Magarmukh, the mouth of the lake, has a temple of Lord [[Varuna]].
* '''Nabagraha''' is an ancient deity located along the outer channel.
* '''Chourbar [[Shiva]] Temple''' is located near Alupatna village, along the outer channel.
* ''' Manikapatna''', located on the outer channel has historical evidence of a [[port]] which was used for trade with Far East and also has the Bhabakundeswar temple of [[Lord Shiva]], an old [[Mosque]] whose entrance door is made of the jaws of the [[whale]].
* '''Sand-Bar and Mouth of the Lake''' is a striking and un-explored stretch of {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on|-1}} of empty [[beach]] across the sand bar which separates the Lake from the [[sea]].<ref name=ecotour>{{cite web|author=Chilika Development Authority |url=http://www.chilika.com/eco.htm |title=Eco Tourism |access-date=2008-12-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207100856/http://www.chilika.com/eco.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref>
* '''[[Mangalajodi]]''' a famous bird sanctuary for sighting migratory birds.

== Tourist trap and scam reports ==
Recently Chilika Lake has gathered a reputation to be a [[tourist trap]] where a number of individuals run pearl and gemstone scams.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVQH6sPyW68][https://travelscams.org/asia/india/chilika-lake-gemstone-scam-in-india/ Chilika Lake gemstone scam in India]

==Access==
[[File:Chilka Rail Station.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Chilika railway station]]
The lake is connected by road to [[Chennai]] and [[Kolkata]] through [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway No 16]]. [[Satpada]] town on the eastern bank of the lake is about {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on|-1}} by road southwest of the city of [[Puri]] and at a distance of {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on|-1}} from [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital of Odisha, which is also the nearest airport.

A [[broad-gauge railway]] line of the [[South Eastern Railway (India)|South Eastern Railway]] from Kolkata skirts along the western bank of the lake passing through [[Balugaon]], Chilika and [[Rambha (Odisha)|Rambha]] stations.<ref name = about/>

Within the lake precincts, Odisha Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. (OTDC) and the Revenue Department of the state government offer boat cruises. Private operators also provide country boats on hire to various islands in the lake.<ref name = reach>{{cite web|author=Chilika Development Authority|url= http://www.chilika.com/reach.htm|title = How to reach|year= 2008|access-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080628181814/http://www.chilika.com/reach.htm |archive-date = 28 June 2008}}</ref>

There are OTDC Guest houses at Barkul, Rambha, Satapada & several hotels at Balugaon. Before entering into the Nalbana Bird Sanctuary one has to obtain an entry permit. The entry permit has to be produced at entry/exit points, at check gates as and whenever requested by officials.

==Published accounts==

===Film===
[[Akanksha Damini Joshi]]'s film, [[Chilika Bank$]] (2008) tells the story via a banyan tree on the banks of lake Chilika tracing the ecological changes in the lake over four decades. From 1970s, when it was exposed to poaching by the outsiders, through 1980s when the lake was over-fished, to 1990s when the aqua culture ponds became a common sight, and finally the first decade of the 21st century when the environmental interference that was made to protect the lake ended up becoming its greatest threat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lament of a lake|url=https://infochangeindia.org/film-forum/8022-lament-of-a-lake|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219213957/http://infochangeindia.org/film-forum/8022-lament-of-a-lake|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 February 2018|publisher=infochange}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chilika Bank$: Stories from India's Largest Coastal Lake from 1970-2007| date=13 November 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi5M908cgrY| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Oi5M908cgrY| archive-date=2021-11-17 | url-status=live|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chilika Bank$ ... the story continues| date=5 March 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae3doJvj9X4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Ae3doJvj9X4| archive-date=2021-11-17 | url-status=live|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chilika's Untold Stories|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/chilikas-untold-stories/112595|publisher=mid-day.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CHILIKA BANK$|date=27 March 2014|url=https://earthwitnessfilm.wordpress.com/other-films/|publisher=Earth Witness}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Programme : FILMS ON WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENT|url=http://iicdelhi.nic.in/User_Panel/ProgramDetails.aspx?Value=MnMbKpZavpQE8rCeaZuS9DVDe1vkc%2BsLyRq3gvVN%2B9zMJlggo3qqdDUoGV6fnx%2BbFJoBMNcW3yM%3D|publisher=INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE}}</ref>

Joshi's film maps the destruction of the lake and its abuse for the past four decades. The locals have been looted of their life support system with migration now being their only recourse. The film provides account of how uncontrolled human intervention has turned the lake, which was a sustainable livelihood resource, into a mere waterbody that tourists can dip their feet into.<ref>{{cite web|title=Looking back at the Chilika that was|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/reviews/looking-back-at-the-chilika-that-was-2964|publisher=DownToEarth}}</ref>

The film produced by [[Public Service Broadcasting Trust]]<ref>{{cite web|title=EARTH WITNESS: REFLECTIONS ON THE TIMES AND THE TIMELESS BY AKANKSHA JOSHI|url=https://psbt.org/films/earth-witness-reflections-on-the-times-and-the-timeless/|publisher=PSBT}}</ref> was honored with the Livelihood Award at the CMS Vatavaran Environment and Wildlife Film Festival, New Delhi in 2009. It was recipient of the First Prize at [[Jeevika: Asia Livelihood Documentary Festival|Jeevika]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeevika|url=http://jeevika.org/festival/|publisher=jeevika.org}}</ref> South Asia Documentary Film Festival. Chilika Bank$ was screened in the Indian Panorama section of the [[40th International Film Festival of India|40th International Film Festival of India (IFFI)]], [[Goa]] 2009 in the non-feature film category.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of films for IFFI's Indian Panorama announced|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/34142/list-films-iffis-indian-panorama.html|work=Deccan Herald|date=4 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Konkani film - 'Paltadacho Munis' to open Indian Panorama of IFFI 2009|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2009PR1199|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> The film has garnered multiple television screenings on India's public broadcaster, [[Doordarshan]]'s various channels.

The film was an Official Selection at the Film South Asia, [[Kathmandu]] in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|title=CHILIKA BANK$|url=http://www.filmsouthasia.org/film/chilika-bank/|publisher=FILM SOUTHASIA|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=24 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124192236/http://www.filmsouthasia.org/film/chilika-bank/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Rodos EcoFilms International Festival,<ref>{{cite web|title=Rodos EcoFilms|url=http://www.ecofilms.gr/program_10_en.htm|publisher=ecofilms}}</ref>[[Greece]] in 2010 and the 4th Samsung Women's International Film Festival, [[Chennai]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Samsung celebrates 4th International Women Film-Fest in Chennai|url=https://www.varindia.com/news/samsung-celebrates-4th-international-women-filmfest-in-chennai|publisher=VARINDIA}}</ref>

Chilika Banks is displayed in various renowned university libraries like the [[Harvard University]], [[Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University]], [[Duke University]], [[Emory University]] and [[Syracuse University]]; and the [[Library of Congress]], de facto the National Library of United States of America.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sanderlings Im IMG 9382.jpg|[[Sanderling]], ''Calidris alba''
File:Terek Sandpiper I IMG 9379.jpg|[[Terek sandpiper]], ''Xenus cinereus''
File:Kentish plover I2 IMG 9384.jpg|[[Kentish plover]], ''Charadrius alexandrinus''
File:Northernshoveler-Chilika.jpg|[[Northern shoveler]], ''Spatula clypeata''
File:Lesser Flamingos I3 - Chilika IMG 9295.jpg|Lesser Flamingos, '' Phoenicopterus minor''
File:Migratory Flamingos at Chilika.jpg|Migratory Flamingos at Chilika
File:Black tailed Goodwit at Chilika I5 IMG 9350.jpg|[[Black-tailed godwit]], ''Limosa limosa''
File:Pied Kingfisher at Chilika I IMG 9396.jpg|[[Pied kingfisher]], ''Ceryle rudis''
File:CorroboreeSeaEagle.jpg|[[White-bellied sea eagle]]
File:Parikuda Iseland Chilika.jpg|Parikuda Island
File:Balugaon on Chilika, Odisha, India.jpg|[[Balugaon]]
File:Red Crab at Chilika.jpg|Red Crab at Chilika
File:Aerial satellite imagery of Chilika lake, Odisha.JPG|Aerial satellite imagery of Chilika lake
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Chilika Lake}}
{{Wikivoyage|Chilika_Lake}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326210221/http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/consprojectirr.pdf Irrawaddy dolphin — India]. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.
*[https://www.heritagetoursorissa.com/chilika-lake/ Chilika Lake - Heritage Tours Odisha (Recognised by Odisha Tourism & Ministry of Tourism Government of India)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081207100917/http://www.chilika.com/mouth.htm Opening of new mouth and IRS 1D LISS III Image of Chilika Lagoon]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081013160324/http://www.iwlearn.net/publications/ll/chilikalagoon_2005.pdf Figure 1 Chilika Lagoon Basin]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070923113741/http://orissa-tourism.com/IMAGES/map/bmchilika.jpg Tourist locations in the lagoon]

{{Odisha}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Hydrography of Odisha}}
{{Protected areas of Odisha}}
{{Ramsar sites in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lakes of Odisha]]
[[Category:Estuaries of India]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Odisha]]
[[Category:Wetlands of India]]
[[Category:Lagoons of India]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for India]]

Mumbai Indians

2026-03-14T11:03:16Z

Luisa35774:

{{Short description|Indian franchise cricket team}}
{{About|the men's team|the women's team|Mumbai Indians (WPL)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Mumbai Indians
|image=Mumbai Indians Logo.svg| logo_image = MI_Logo_2015.svg
| league = [[Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[Hardik Pandya]]
| coach = [[Mahela Jayawardene]]
| batting_coach = [[Kieron Pollard]]
| bowling_coach = [[Lasith Malinga]]
| city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|colours = {{color box|#0044AA}} {{color box|#D1AB3E}}
| owner = [[Reliance Industries]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians Terms and Conditions |url = https://www.mumbaiindians.com/terms-and-conditions |access-date=26 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125195214/https://www.mumbaiindians.com/terms-and-conditions |url-status=live }}</ref>
| founded = {{start date and age|2008}}
| dissolved = 
| ground = [[Wankhede Stadium]]
| capacity = 33,100
| title1 = [[Indian Premier League]]
| title1wins = '''5''' ([[2013 Indian Premier League final|2013]], [[2015 Indian Premier League final|2015]], [[2017 Indian Premier League final|2017]], [[2019 Indian Premier League final|2019]], [[2020 Indian Premier League final|2020]])
| title2 = [[Champions League Twenty20|Champions League]]
| title2wins = '''2''' ([[2011 Champions League Twenty20|2011]], [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|2013]])
| t_title = T20 kit
| t_pattern_la = _bluecuffpiping
| t_pattern_b = _mi22
| t_pattern_ra = _bluecuffpiping
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_body = 0044AA
| t_pants = 0044AA
| t_rightarm = 0044AA
| t_leftarm = 0044AA
| website = {{URL|https://www.mumbaiindians.com/|mumbaiindians.com}}
| current = [[2026 Mumbai Indians season]]
}}
{{Season sidebar
| title = Seasons
| list =
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2008|2008]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2009|2009]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2010|2010]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2011|2011]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2012|2012]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2013|2013]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2014|2014]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2015|2015]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2016|2016]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2017|2017]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2018|2018]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2019|2019]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2020|2020]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2021|2021]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2022|2022]]
* [[Mumbai Indians in 2023|2023]]
* [[2024 Mumbai Indians season|2024]]
* [[2025 Mumbai Indians season|2025]]
* [[2026 Mumbai Indians season|2026]]
}}

The '''Mumbai Indians''' are a professional [[Twenty20|Twenty20 cricket]] team based in [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, that competes in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). The Indians were founded in 2008 and are owned by India's largest [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], [[Reliance Industries]], through its wholly - owned [[subsidiary]], Indiawin Sports. Since its establishment, the team has primarily played its home matches at the 33,108-capacity [[Wankhede Stadium]]. It is one of the most successful teams in the IPL.

In 2017, the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the [[$]]100 million mark in brand value.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/brand-ipl-gets-stronger-valuation-soars-to-5-3-billion/articleshow/60199993.cms?from=mdr%7Ctitle=Brand%20IPL%20gets%20stronger&from=mdr|title=Brand IPL gets stronger, valuation soars to $5.3 billion|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|date=24 August 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-date=12 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412013328/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/brand-ipl-gets-stronger-valuation-soars-to-5-3-billion/articleshow/60199993.cms?from=mdr%7Ctitle=Brand%20IPL%20gets%20stronger&from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> The brand value of the Mumbai Indians in 2019 was estimated around ₹809 crore ($115 million), the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-brand-valuation-soars-13-5-to-rs-47500-crore-duff-phelps/articleshow/71197984.cms?from=mdr|title=IPL brand valuation soars 13.5% to Rs 47,500 crore: Duff & Phelps|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|date=20 September 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=22 September 2019|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018195002/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-brand-valuation-soars-13-5-to-rs-47500-crore-duff-phelps/articleshow/71197984.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Mumbai Indians won the [[2011 Champions League Twenty20]] after beating [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] by 31 runs in the final. The team won the double by winning its first IPL title, in [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]], by defeating [[Chennai Super Kings]] by 23 runs in the final, and then defeated the [[Rajasthan Royals]] by 33 runs to win its [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|second Champions League Twenty20 title]] both in the captaincy of [[Rohit sharma|Rohit Sharma]] later that year.<ref name="toi-clt2013win">{{cite news|title=Mumbai Indians beat Rajasthan Royals to win second CLT20 title|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/series-tournament/clt20/top-stories/Mumbai-Indians-beat-Rajasthan-Royals-to-win-second-CLT20-title/articleshow/23608350.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 October 2013|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006185924/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/series-tournament/clt20/top-stories/Mumbai-Indians-beat-Rajasthan-Royals-to-win-second-CLT20-title/articleshow/23608350.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/rampant-mumbai-seal-title-style/63885|title=Rampant Mumbai seal title in style|publisher=Wisden India|date=26 May 2013|access-date=26 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619180856/http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/rampant-mumbai-seal-title-style/63885|archive-date=19 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the [[Chennai Super Kings Cricket|Chennai Super Kings]] by 41 runs in the final [[2015 Indian Premier League final|the final]] and became the third team to win more than one IPL title. On 21 May 2017, they won their third IPL title by defeating the [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] by one run in the final, thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Indians crowned IPL 2017 champions|url=http://www.thegenxtimes.com/sports/mumbai-indians-crowned-ipl-2017-champions/|work=The GenX Times|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814224623/http://www.thegenxtimes.com/sports/mumbai-indians-crowned-ipl-2017-champions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> While playing the tournament, they won their 100th T20, becoming the first team to do so. In 2019, they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title, by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12 May 2019 in the IPL Final. They became the first team to win the IPL title for the fifth time, by beating [[Delhi Capitals]] by 5 wickets on 10 November 2020 in the IPL Final.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MI vs DC, IPL 2020 Final Live Score: Mumbai Indians out to shatter Delhi Capitals' maiden IPL dream|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/live-blog/ipl-2020-final-live-score-mi-vs-dc-delhi-capitals-lose-three-early-after-opting-to-bat/liveblog/79149877.cms|access-date=11 November 2020|website=The Times of India|date=11 November 2020|language=en|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110183513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/live-blog/ipl-2020-final-live-score-mi-vs-dc-delhi-capitals-lose-three-early-after-opting-to-bat/liveblog/79149877.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Mumbai Indians are currently captained by [[Hardik Pandya]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sportstar |first1=Team |title=Hardik Pandya to captain Mumbai Indians in IPL 2024 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/hardik-pandya-mumbai-indians-captain-ipl-2024-season-replaces-rohit-sharma-mi/article67641726.ece |access-date=15 December 2023 |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=15 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215123258/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/hardik-pandya-mumbai-indians-captain-ipl-2024-season-replaces-rohit-sharma-mi/article67641726.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mahela Jayawardene]] was appointed as head coach of the Mumbai Indians before the 2025 season.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1067010.html|title=Jayawardene appointed Mumbai Indians coach|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 November 2016|access-date=21 November 2016|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521054147/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1067010.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kieron Pollard]] is the batting coach and [[Lasith Malinga]] is their bowling coach.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2023 |title=Mumbai Indians announce MI Legend Lasith Malinga as Bowling Coach |url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/mumbai-indians-announce-mi-legend-lasith-malinga-as-bowling-coach |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Mumbai Indians |language=en |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104111344/https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/mumbai-indians-announce-mi-legend-lasith-malinga-as-bowling-coach |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rohit Sharma]] is the leading run scorer of the team while [[Lasith Malinga]] is the leading [[wicket]] taker of the team.

==Franchise history==
The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) announced in September 2007, the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a [[Twenty20]] competition to be started in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 September 2007 |title=Franchises for board's new Twenty20 league |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/franchises-for-board-s-new-twenty20-league-310819 |access-date=6 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513165421/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/franchises-for-board-s-new-twenty20-league-310819 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises. The Mumbai franchise was sold to the [[Reliance Industries Ltd]] (RIL) for $111.9 million, making it the most expensive team to be sold in the league.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2008 |title=Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193 |access-date=6 June 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418005531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193 |url-status=live }}</ref> RIL, owned by [[Mukesh Ambani]], acquired the rights to the franchise for a period of 10 years.

===2008–2009: Struggle in the initial seasons===

The Indian Premier League named four players as [[icon player]]s for their respective city franchises, making them unavailable for the player auction; [[Sachin Tendulkar]] was designated as Mumbai's icon player.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=12 February 2008 |title=Icon players for IPL teams |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> At the inaugural [[2008 Indian Premier League#Player auctions|player auctions]] in February 2008, the Mumbai franchise purchased several international stars, including [[Sanath Jayasuriya]], [[Harbhajan Singh]], [[Shaun Pollock]], [[Lasith Malinga]], and [[Robin Uthappa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL Auction: Players' worth|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2008/feb/20table.htm|work=rediff.com|access-date=4 June 2013|archive-date=29 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329115308/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2008/feb/20table.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Tendulkar was appointed captain with [[Lalchand Rajput]] as head coach.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalchand Rajput appointed Mumbai Indians coach |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2008 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

However, a hamstring injury sidelined Tendulkar at the start of the 2008 season, leading Harbhajan Singh to take over the captaincy. The team lost its first four matches, including a five-wicket defeat to [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in their opener on 20 April 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Siddharth |first=V. |date=21 April 2008 |title=Bangalore floor Mumbai |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Following the "Slapgate" incident where Harbhajan was suspended for [[Harbhajan Singh#Altercations with Andrew Symonds and Sreesanth|striking Sreesanth]], Shaun Pollock assumed leadership duties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pollock to lead Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |date=25 April 2008 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Under Pollock, Mumbai won six consecutive matches but ultimately finished fifth in the points table, missing the semi-finals by a single point after three narrow losses in their final four games.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2007/08 / Points table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/series/313494.html?view=pointstable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009 season]] was relocated to South Africa due to security concerns surrounding the [[2009 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Thakkar |first=M. |date=25 March 2009 |title=IPL 2009 shifted to South Africa |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=The Economic Times |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Before the season, Mumbai traded Robin Uthappa for [[Zaheer Khan]] and Ashish Nehra for [[Shikhar Dhawan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=PTI|date=17 January 2009|title=Mumbai Indians swap Nehra for Dhawan of Delhi Daredevils|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/mumbai-indians-swap-nehra-for-dhawan-of-delhi-daredevils-37508-2009-01-17|work=India Today|access-date=3 September 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the return of Lasith Malinga and the addition of [[JP Duminy]], the team struggled with consistency. Reliance on a few key performers resulted in only five wins from 14 matches, leaving Mumbai in seventh place.<ref>{{cite news |title=A disappointing campaign for Mumbai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=23 May 2009 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

===2010–2012: Rise as a strong team===
[[File:Lasith Malinga signing.jpg|thumb|[[Lasith Malinga]] became the first player to reach 150 IPL wickets, a milestone achieved entirely with the Mumbai Indians.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=7 May 2017 |title=Lasith Malinga becomes first to reach 150 IPL wickets |url=https://indianexpress.com |work=The Indian Express |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>]]

At the [[List of 2010 Indian Premier League personnel changes#auction|2010 players auction]], Mumbai Indians signed Trinidadian all-rounder [[Kieron Pollard]] for $750,000 following a secret tie-breaker process.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alter |first=J. |date=19 January 2010 |title=Pollard the big hit at IPL auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Former India cricketer [[Robin Singh (cricketer, born 1963)|Robin Singh]] was appointed head coach, while Shaun Pollock moved into a bowling coach role. Due to renovations at the Wankhede Stadium for the [[2011 ICC Cricket World Cup]], the team played its home matches at the [[Brabourne Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Brabourne to host Mumbai Indians' home matches |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2009 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Mumbai dominated the league stage, finishing top of the table with 20 points. Sachin Tendulkar won the [[Orange Cap (IPL)|Orange Cap]] for the season's highest run-scorer (618 runs). However, the team lost the final to [[Chennai Super Kings]] by 22 runs, with management facing criticism for tactical decisions regarding the batting order.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=A. |date=25 April 2010 |title=Chennai Super Kings beat Mumbai Indians to win IPL |url=https://www.theguardian.com |work=The Guardian |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

In [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]], Mumbai Indians retained Tendulkar, Harbhajan, Pollard, and Malinga. In the subsequent auction, they made a significant acquisition by signing [[Rohit Sharma]] for $2 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rohit Sharma fetching $2m is no surprise: Mumbai Indians |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=The Economic Times |date=8 January 2011 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> The team finished third in the league stage and won the Eliminator against [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] before losing to [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the second qualifier.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mongia |first=S. |date=27 May 2011 |title=Gayle leads RCB into second IPL final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Malinga finished the season as the leading wicket-taker with 28 dismissals.

Later that year, despite missing several key Indian players due to injury, Mumbai Indians won their first major trophy by defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore in the [[2011 Champions League Twenty20]] final. Due to the injury crisis, the CLT20 governing council allowed Mumbai to field an unprecedented five overseas players.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ugra |first=S. |date=22 September 2011 |title=The five-overseas-players controversy |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Harbhajan Singh captained the side to a 31-run victory in the final, where he was named Player of the Match.<ref>{{cite news |last=Talya |first=H. |date=9 October 2011 |title=Mumbai Indians' spirit conquer CLT20 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

Before the start of the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 season]], Mumbai Indians acquired [[Dinesh Karthik]] from Kings XI Punjab and [[Pragyan Ojha]] from [[Deccan Chargers]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians sign Dinesh Karthik and Pragyan Ojha |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=20 January 2012 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> At the [[List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Auction|auction]], the franchise added [[R. P. Singh]], [[Thisara Perera]], and [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]]. Prior to the season opener, Sachin Tendulkar stepped down as captain, with Harbhajan Singh appointed as his successor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sachin Tendulkar steps down as Mumbai Indians captain |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The team struggled with opening combinations due to Tendulkar's injuries and Mitchell Johnson being ruled out for the season, leading to the recruitment of [[Dwayne Smith]] as a replacement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dwayne Smith to replace Mitchell Johnson in Mumbai Indians squad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=2 May 2012 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Mumbai finished third in the league stage but were eliminated by [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the Eliminator, losing by 38 runs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Siddharth |first=V. |date=23 May 2012 |title=Dhoni's blitzkrieg knocks out Mumbai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

===2013: The IPL and CLT20 Double===
[[File:Rohit Sharma fielding.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rohit Sharma]] was appointed captain in 2013, leading the team to its first IPL title that same year.]]
The [[2013 IPL]] marked a turning point for the franchise with [[Anil Kumble]] joining as chief mentor. [[Ricky Ponting]] was initially appointed captain, but after a prolonged slump in batting form, he voluntarily stepped down from the team. [[Rohit Sharma]] was named captain mid-season, a move that significantly improved the team's performance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ricky Ponting steps down as Mumbai Indians captain |url=https://www.ndtv.com |work=NDTV Sports |date=24 April 2013 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Under Sharma's leadership, Mumbai Indians defeated Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final at Eden Gardens to secure their maiden IPL title.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mongia |first=S. |date=26 May 2013 |title=Mumbai Indians overcome CSK to win maiden IPL title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Kieron Pollard was named Player of the Match for his unbeaten 60.

Mumbai Indians continued their success in the [[2013 Champions League Twenty20]]. Despite a slow start, they qualified for the knockout stage following a crucial win over the [[Perth Scorchers]]. In the final against [[Rajasthan Royals]], Mumbai posted 202/6 and won by 33 runs, becoming the first team to win the IPL and CLT20 double in the same year.<ref>{{cite news |last=Talya |first=H. |date=6 October 2013 |title=Mumbai Indians complete the double with CLT20 title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> This match also marked the final competitive T20 appearance for both Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid.

=== 2014–2020: Period of dominance ===

The [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014 season]] began poorly for the defending champions, as they lost all five matches during the tournament's opening leg in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=30 April 2014 |title=IPL 2014: Mumbai Indians' UAE disaster in numbers |url=https://www.news18.com |work=News18 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> However, upon returning to India, the team staged a remarkable recovery. In their final league match against [[Rajasthan Royals]], Mumbai achieved a highly improbable qualification for the playoffs by chasing a target of 190 in just 14.4 overs. The winning runs were scored via a six by [[Aditya Tare]] off the final ball of the required window, leading to a dramatic improvement in their net run rate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mongia |first=S. |date=25 May 2014 |title=Tare six knocks Rajasthan out in thriller |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Their campaign eventually ended with a loss to Chennai Super Kings in the Eliminator.

In [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]], Mumbai Indians mirrored their previous year's start by losing four consecutive early matches. Despite losing [[Aaron Finch]] and [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] to injury, the team found success with the opening pair of [[Lendl Simmons]] and [[Parthiv Patel]], supported by the arrival of pace bowler [[Mitchell McClenaghan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=25 May 2015 |title=How Mumbai Indians turned their season around |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Mumbai won nine of their final ten games, culminating in a 41-run victory over Chennai Super Kings in the final to secure their second IPL title.<ref>{{cite news |last=Muthu |first=A. |date=24 May 2015 |title=Mumbai Indians' clinical show for second title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

The [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017 season]] saw Mumbai finish at the top of the points table for the second time. In a low-scoring final against [[Rising Pune Supergiant]], Mumbai defended a total of 129, winning by a single run on the final ball of the match. This victory made them the first team to win three IPL titles.<ref>{{cite news |last=Venugopal |first=A. |date=21 May 2017 |title=Mumbai Indians clinch third IPL title in one-run thriller |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The team's dominance continued as they secured back-to-back titles in [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]] and [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020]], defeating Chennai Super Kings and Delhi Capitals respectively. The 2020 victory, achieved in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic, cemented their reputation as the league's most successful franchise with five championships.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=10 November 2020 |title=Dominant Mumbai Indians cruise to fifth IPL title |url=https://www.theguardian.com |work=The Guardian |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

In the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 season]], Mumbai Indians finished fifth, narrowly missing the playoffs after recording six wins and eight losses.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2018 Points Table |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2018-1131611/points-table-standings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

The [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019 season]] saw Mumbai Indians clinch a record-breaking fourth title by defeating [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the final by just one run. The match concluded with a dramatic final delivery where [[Lasith Malinga]] trapped [[Shardul Thakur]] lbw, with Chennai requiring two runs to win.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rohan |first=S. |date=12 May 2019 |title=Malinga’s final-over magic wins Mumbai Indians fourth IPL title |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> During the league stage, several individual records were set, including [[Alzarri Joseph]] recording the best bowling figures in IPL history (6/12) on his debut against [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=6 April 2019 |title=Alzarri Joseph's 6 for 12 breaks 11-year-old IPL record |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Additionally, [[Hardik Pandya]] recorded the season's fastest fifty (off 17 balls) during a 91-run innings against [[Kolkata Knight Riders]].

In the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]], which was relocated to the United Arab Emirates due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], Mumbai Indians achieved their most dominant campaign to date.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2020 to be held in UAE |url=https://www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC Sport |date=2 August 2020 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> After finishing top of the league table, they defeated [[Delhi Capitals]] by five wickets in the final to secure their fifth championship and become only the second team to successfully defend an IPL title.<ref>{{cite news |last=Muthu |first=A. |date=10 November 2020 |title=Trent Boult and Rohit Sharma lead dominant Mumbai Indians to fifth IPL title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The victory solidified their status as the most successful franchise in the league's history at that time.

=== 2021–present: Period of transition and struggles ===

Prior to the [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021 season]], Mumbai Indians released several squad members but re-acquired [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] and signed experienced leg-spinner [[Piyush Chawla]].<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2021 Auction: Mumbai Indians full list of players |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |date=18 February 2021 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The team struggled on the slow, spinning tracks in Chennai during the tournament's first half, eventually finishing fifth in the points table and missing the playoffs for the first time in three years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=8 October 2021 |title=Mumbai Indians knocked out despite big win over Sunrisers Hyderabad |url=https://www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

The [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 Mega Auction]] saw a significant roster overhaul. While the team retained the core of Sharma, Bumrah, Pollard, and Yadav, they made [[Ishan Kishan]] the second-most expensive Indian player in auction history at ₹15.25 crore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ishan Kishan goes to Mumbai Indians for ₹15.25 crore |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=12 February 2022 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The season was the franchise's statistically worst, as they lost their first eight consecutive matches and finished at the bottom of the table.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=24 April 2022 |title=Mumbai Indians become first team to lose first eight games of an IPL season |url=https://www.reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

In [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]], despite the absence of Jasprit Bumrah due to a back injury, Mumbai reached the playoffs. The season was highlighted by the emergence of uncapped players like [[Tilak Varma]] and [[Akash Madhwal]], the latter taking 5/5 in the Eliminator against Lucknow Super Giants.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=24 May 2023 |title=Akash Madhwal’s 5 for 5 fires Mumbai Indians into Qualifier 2 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> However, they were eliminated by [[Gujarat Titans]] in Qualifier 2.

The [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]] was marked by significant internal restructuring as the franchise traded for [[Hardik Pandya]] and appointed him captain, replacing long-time skipper Rohit Sharma.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hardik Pandya replaces Rohit Sharma as Mumbai Indians captain |url=https://www.theguardian.com |work=The Guardian |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The decision faced substantial criticism from fans and the season ended with Mumbai finishing last (10th) for the second time in three years.

In [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025]], under the returning head coach [[Mahela Jayawardene]], the team showed improved form, finishing 4th in the league stage. [[Suryakumar Yadav]] enjoyed a record-breaking season, scoring 717 runs and winning the Player of the Tournament award, though the team was eventually eliminated by Punjab Kings in Qualifier 2.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suryakumar Yadav named IPL 2025 MVP after record run-haul |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=25 May 2025 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

For the [[2026 Indian Premier League|2026 season]], the franchise maintained its core, retaining [[Hardik Pandya|Pandya]], [[Rohit Sharma|Sharma]], Bumrah, and [[Suryakumar Yadav|Yadav]]. Hardik Pandya continued as captain, supported by a bowling attack led by [[Jasprit Bumrah]] and the return of [[Trent Boult]].

In the 2026 season, Mumbai Indians entered the tournament with Hardik Pandya continuing as captain. The team retained key players including Rohit Sharma, Jasprit Bumrah, and Suryakumar Yadav. The franchise strengthened its squad with the return of Trent Boult and the acquisition of Shardul Thakur during the player auction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Indians squad 2026 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/mumbai-indians-4346 |website=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref> The team aimed to rebuild after inconsistent performances in previous seasons while maintaining its core leadership group.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Mumbai Indians team overview |url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/mumbai-indians |website=Indian Premier League Official Website |access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref>

==Home ground==
[[File:Wankhede ICC WCF.jpg|thumb|[[Wankhede Stadium]], the primary home ground of Mumbai Indians since 2011.]]

The Mumbai Indians played their home matches at the [[DY Patil Stadium]] in [[Navi Mumbai]] during the inaugural [[2008 Indian Premier League|2008]] and [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009]] seasons.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2008: Mumbai Indians' home away from home |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=15 April 2008 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> In [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]], the franchise shifted its home base to the [[Brabourne Stadium]] as the Wankhede Stadium was undergoing major renovations to host the [[2011 ICC Cricket World Cup]] final.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brabourne Stadium to host Mumbai Indians matches |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2009 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The team enjoyed significant success at the Brabourne, winning six of their seven home games that season.

Since 2011, the team has played its primary home games at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] in South Mumbai. Named after former [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] President [[S. K. Wankhede]], the stadium is owned by the [[Mumbai Cricket Association]] (MCA) and has a seating capacity of approximately 33,108.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wankhede Stadium – Mumbai Cricket Association |url=https://www.mumbaicricket.com |publisher=Mumbai Cricket Association |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The venue is known for its partisan crowd and the "North Stand" atmosphere, which is a core part of the Mumbai Indians' brand identity.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and logistics, the team has occasionally played home games at neutral venues, including the [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]] in Abu Dhabi (2020) and the MCA Cricket Stadium in Pune (2022).<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2022: Why Mumbai Indians are playing 'home' games in Pune |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |date=26 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> The franchise's global affiliates also maintain dedicated home grounds, such as [[Newlands Cricket Ground]] for MI Cape Town and [[St George's Park Cricket Ground|St George's Park]] for MI Eastern Cape.

==Team identity==
===Team name, motto and logo design===

The team motto is "Duniya Hila Denge Hum...", which translates to ''We will rock the world''.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 6 finals: Mumbai Indians stay true to their motto Duniya Hila Denge Hum, lift the IPL title |url=https://www.dnaindia.com |access-date=31 May 2013 |work=[[DNA India]] |date=26 May 2013}}</ref> The first anthem of Mumbai Indians was based on this motto, featuring a promotional campaign led by Bollywood actor [[Hrithik Roshan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians rope in Hrithik Roshan as brand ambassador |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=14 April 2008 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

The team logo features a stylized [[Sudarshana Chakra]]. The franchise was originally intended to be named the "Mumbai Razors" before Sachin Tendulkar suggested "Mumbai Indians" to create a broader connection with the fans.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=26 March 2024 |title=How Sachin Tendulkar came up with the name 'Mumbai Indians' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

===Jersey colours and kit===
The team's primary colours are blue and gold. Since 2010, the jersey has featured gold stripes as a signature design element.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians unveil new jersey for IPL 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>[[Adidas]] served as the team's kit manufacturer from 2008 to 2014. In 2024, the team partnered with [[Skechers]] as the official kit manufacturer for both its men's and women's teams.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skechers signs up with Mumbai Indians as official kit partner |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=6 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

Starting from the 2025 season, '''[[Larsen & Toubro|Lauritz Knudsen]]''' (formerly L&T Switchgear) became the team's Principal Partner, with its logo featured prominently on the front of the official jersey.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lauritz Knudsen is the new principal partner of Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com |work=mumbaiindians.com |date=12 December 2024 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> For the 2026 season, '''[[Malaysia Airlines]]''' joined as an Associate Partner and the Official Global Airline Partner, with its branding appearing on the front right chest of the jersey.<ref>{{cite news |title=MI x Malaysia Airlines |url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com |work=mumbaiindians.com |date=14 January 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Other major sponsors for the 2026 season include [[DHL Express|DHL]] (Back of Jersey) and [[Skechers]] (Official Kit Partner).

==Players==
{{main|List of Mumbai Indians cricketers}}

During the inaugural 2008 player auction, Mumbai Indians acquired seven players, including [[Harbhajan Singh]], [[Robin Uthappa]], and [[Lasith Malinga]]. In 2010, the team signed [[Kieron Pollard]] for $750,000 via a silent tie-breaker.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=19 January 2010 |title=Pollard the big hit at IPL auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

Following the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 season]], which saw [[Suryakumar Yadav]] win the MVP award with a record 717 runs, the franchise entered the [[2026 Indian Premier League|2026 season]] with a stabilized leadership structure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suryakumar Yadav named IPL 2025 MVP after record run-haul |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=25 May 2025 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> [[Hardik Pandya]] remains the captain, leading a retained core of [[Jasprit Bumrah]], [[Rohit Sharma]], and Suryakumar Yadav.

For the 2026 campaign, the team bolstered its squad with trades for [[Shardul Thakur]] and [[Mayank Markande]], while re-acquiring [[Quinton de Kock]] in the auction.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2026: Mumbai Indians trade in Shardul Thakur, re-sign De Kock |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=20 January 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

=== Captains ===
Last updated: 18 May 2024 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-list-captains/mumbai-indians-4346/twenty20-matches-6|title=Mumbai Indians : captains|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 December 2023|archive-date=25 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225075226/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-list-captains/mumbai-indians-4346/twenty20-matches-6|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality{{Efn|The information in the nationality column is according to [[ESPNcricinfo]]. This information may not necessarily reflect the player's birthplace or citizenship.}}
! scope="col" | From
!To
! scope="col" | Matches
! scope="col" | Won
! scope="col" | Lost
! scope="col" | Tied
! scope="col" | NR
! scope="col" | Win%
!Best Result
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 2008
|2012|| 30|| 14|| 14 || 0 || 2 ||46.66
|Stand-In
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Shaun|Pollock}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 2008
|2008|| 4|| 3|| 1|| 0 || 0 ||75
|Stand-In
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 2008
|2011|| 55 || 32|| 23|| 0 || 0 ||58.18
|Runners-up (2010)
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Dwayne|Bravo}}
| {{cr|West Indies}} || 2010
|2010|| 1||0 || 1|| 0 || 0 || 0
|Stand-In
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Ricky|Ponting}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 2013
|2013|| 6||3 || 3|| 0 || 0 || 50
|Captain for the first half (2013)
|-
!scope= row |{{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 2013
|2023|| 163||91 || 68|| 4 || 0 || 55.82
|style=background:#FFD700| Winner (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020)
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Kieron|Pollard}}
| {{cr|West Indies}} || 2014
|2021|| 9||5 || 4|| 0 || 0 || 55.55
|Stand-In
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Suryakumar|Yadav}}
| {{cr|India}} || 2023
|2023|| 2||1 || 1|| 0 || 0 || 50
|Stand-In
|-
!scope= row | {{sortname|Hardik|Pandya}}
| {{cr|India}} || 2024
|Present|| 30||13 || 17|| 0 || 0 || 43.33
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==Seasons==
=== Indian Premier League ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!League standing
!Final standing
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2008|2008]]
|5th out of 8
| League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2009|2009]]
|7th out of 8
| League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2010|2010]]
|1st out of 8
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2011|2011]]
|3rd out of 10
|style="background: #cc9966;"| '''Playoffs'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2012|2012]]
|3rd out of 9
|style="background: #cc9966;"| '''Playoffs'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2013|2013]]
|2nd out of 9
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2014|2014]]
|4th out of 8
|style="background: #cc9966;"| '''Playoffs'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2015|2015]]
|2nd out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2016|2016]]
|5th out of 8
|League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2017|2017]]
|1st out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2018|2018]]
|5th out of 8
|League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2019|2019]]
|1st out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2020|2020]]
|1st out of 8
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2021|2021]]
|5th out of 8
|League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2022|2022]]
|10th out of 10
|League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2023|2023]]
|4th out of 10
|style="background: #cc9966;"| '''Playoffs'''
|-
![[2024 Mumbai Indians season|2024]]
|10th out of 10
|League stage
|-
![[2025 Mumbai Indians season|2025]]
|4th out of 10
|style="background: #cc9966;"| '''Playoffs'''
|}

=== Champions League T20 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!League standing
! Final standing
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2010|2010]]
|7th out of 10
| League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2011|2011]]
|1st out of 13
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2012|2012]]
|9th out of 14
| League stage
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2013|2013]]
|1st out of 12
| style="background: gold;" | '''Champions'''
|-
![[Mumbai Indians in 2014|2014]]
|11th out of 12
| League stage
|}

== Current Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#EEE8AA|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who is currently unavailable for selection.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who is unavailable for rest of the season.

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|-
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| No.
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Name
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Nat
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Birth date
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Batting style
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Bowling style
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Year signed
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Salary
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 45 || '''[[Rohit Sharma]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1987|04|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm[[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2011 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16.3|c}} ||
|-
| 63 || '''[[Suryakumar Yadav]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1990|09|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16.35|c}} || [[ Captain (cricket)#vice-Captain|vice Captain]]
|-
| 9 || '''[[Tilak Varma]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2002|11|08|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}} ||
|-
|-
| 17|| Danish Malewar || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2003|10|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|L}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| 12 || '''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || {{flagicon|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1992|12|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 44 || '''[[Ryan Rickelton]]''' || {{flagicon|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1996|07|11|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 13 || Robin Minz || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2002|09|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|65|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center" | All-rounders
|-
| 74 || '''[[Mitchell Santner]]''' || {{flagicon|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age|1992|02|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 54 || '''[[Shardul Thakur]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1991|10|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||
|-
| 33 || '''[[Hardik Pandya]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1993|10|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16.35|c}} || [[ #-Captain (cricket)| Captain]]
|-
| 37 || '''[[Corbin Bosch]]''' || {{flagicon|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age|1994|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Overseas
|-
| 68 || '''[[Sherfane Rutherford]]''' || {{flagicon|GUY}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|08|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 22 || '''[[Will Jacks]]''' || {{flagicon|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|11|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.25|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 66 || Mayank Rawat || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1999|12|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
| 19 || [[Naman Dhir]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1999|12|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.25|c}} ||
|-
| - || [[Atharva Ankolekar]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2000|09|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
| - || [[Raj Angad Bawa]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2002|11|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace bowlers
|-
| 18 || '''[[Trent Boult]]''' || {{flagicon|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age|1989|07|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.50|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 56 || '''[[Deepak Chahar]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1992|08|07|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.25|c}} ||
|-
| 93 || '''[[Jasprit Bumrah]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1993|12|06|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2013 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|18|c}} ||
|-
| 42 || [[Ashwani Kumar (cricketer)|Ashwani Kumar]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2001|08|29|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
| 25 || Mohammed Salahuddin Izhar || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|2004|01|01|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin bowlers
|-
| 23|| [[Raghu Sharma (cricketer)|Raghu Sharma]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1993|03|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|L}} ||
|-
| 11|| '''[[Mayank Markande]]''' || {{flagicon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age|1997|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|L}} ||
|-
| 70|| '''[[Allah Mohammad Ghazanfar]]''' || {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} || {{Birth date and age|2006|03|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.80|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;"| Source: [https://www.mumbaiindians.com/players MI Squad]
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|-
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Position
! style="background:; color:; text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Director of Cricket || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Sanghvi]]
|-
| Icon|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|-
| Head Coach|| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Mahela Jayawardene]]
|-
| Batting Coach|| {{flagicon|TTO}} [[Kieron Pollard]]
|-
| Assistant Batting Coach|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[J. Arunkumar]]
|-
| Bowling Coach|| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Lasith Malinga]]
|-
| Bowling Coach|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Paras Mhambrey]]
|-
| Fielding Coach|| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Carl Hopkinson]]
|-
| Strength and Conditioning Coach|| {{flagicon|AUS}} Paul Chapman
|-
| Physiotherapist|| {{flagicon|RSA}} Craig Govender
|-
| Team Manager|| {{flagicon|IND}} Prashant Jangam
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Source: [https://www.mumbaiindians.com/players MI Staff]
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
American multinational corporation – [[MasterCard]] was the official founding sponsor of the Mumbai Indians,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k8/apr/aprmam61.php |title=www.indiantelevision.com |publisher=indiantelevision.com |date=16 April 2008 |access-date=20 March 2012 |archive-date=30 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930063934/http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k8/apr/aprmam61.php |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[Adidas]] was their official apparel sponsor until 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-02/news/28649446_1_pune-warriors-kochi-franchise-percept-sports |title=Indiatimes – The Economic Times, March 2, 2011 |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2 March 2011 |access-date=20 March 2012 |archive-date=7 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707172244/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-02/news/28649446_1_pune-warriors-kochi-franchise-percept-sports |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since then, the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]'s national carrier [[Etihad Airways]] signed a three-year contract and took over as one of the principle sponsors of Mumbai Indians. In 2015, Performax, the in-house brand of Reliance Trends, took over as the apparel sponsors. Associate sponsors and official partners include [[Bridgestone]], [[Dheeraj and East Coast LLC]], [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]], [[Orbit (gum)|Wrigley's Orbit]], Wrigley's Boomer, Royal Stag, [[Air India]], [[Msn|MSN]] and [[Red FM 93.5]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaiindians.com/oursponsors.aspx |title=Mumbai Indians website – Sponsors |publisher=Mumbaiindians.com |access-date=20 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714132929/http://www.mumbaiindians.com/oursponsors.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}{{self-published source|date=May 2012}}</ref>
[[Hero MotoCorp]] was also one of the main sponsors of Mumbai Indians for 2011 and 2012 seasons. The principal sponsors of Mumbai Indians are [[Videocon d2h]] since 2013. In 2015, companies such as USHA, [[Jack & Jones]], [[HTC]], Tiny Owl, [[Paytm]], [[Ola Cabs]], [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]] and [[Fever 104 FM]] came on board. From 2016, DHFL and [[Samsung]] joined as the new associate sponsors. Along with them, [[Pepsi]], [[yatra.com]], [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]], [[LYF]] smartphones and [[Guvera]] came in as the new official sponsors. The global fashion brand [[Diesel (brand)|Diesel]]'s first ever association with cricket will produce a limited edition collection which will be available globally across popular cricket playing nations.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Year
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor (front)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest branding
|-
|2008
| rowspan="7" |[[Adidas]]
|[[Fly Emirates]]
| rowspan="5" |[[MasterCard]]
|[[Adidas]]
|-
|2009
|[[Idea Cellular|Idea]]
|[[Zandu Realty|Zandu Balm]]
|-
|2010
|[[Videocon]]
|rowspan=2|[[Dheeraj and East Coast LLC|DEC]]
|-
|2011
|[[Hero MotoCorp|Hero Honda]]
|-
|2012
|[[Hero MotoCorp|Hero]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Dewan Housing Finance Corporation|DHFL]]
|-
|2013
| rowspan="5" |[[Videocon d2h]]
|rowspan=1|[[Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance|Bajaj Allianz]]
|-
|2014
| rowspan="4" |[[Jet Airways]] [[Etihad Airways]]
|-
|2015
| rowspan="9" |Performax
|-
|2016
|-
|2017
|-
|2018
| rowspan="4" |[[Samsung]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidesport.co/samsung-dials-mumbai-indians-title-sponsorship-rights-608022018/|title=Samsung dials Mumbai Indians for title sponsorship rights! - InsideSport.co|last=InsideSport|first=Rajender Sharma for|date=8 February 2018|work=InsideSport|access-date=9 February 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035353/https://www.insidesport.co/samsung-dials-mumbai-indians-title-sponsorship-rights-608022018/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Ibibo]]
|-
|2019
| rowspan="2" |[[Viacom 18|Colors]]
|-
|2020
| rowspan="3" |[[Marriott International#Loyalty program|Marriott Bonvoy]]
|-
|2021
| rowspan="6" |[[DHL]]
|-
|2022
| rowspan="3" |Slice<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/mumbai-indians-signs-credit-card-brand-slice-at-principal-sponsor-in-biggest-ever-deal/articleshow/89023093.cms|title=Mumbai Indians signs fintech brand Slice as principal sponsor in biggest ever deal|last=The Economic Times|first=Gaurav Laghate|date=21 January 2022|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 January 2022|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120194015/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/mumbai-indians-signs-credit-card-brand-slice-at-principal-sponsor-in-biggest-ever-deal/articleshow/89023093.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023
| rowspan="3" |[[IDFC First Bank]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2023 |title=LAUNCHED: Mumbai Indians' new jersey for IPL 2023 |url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/launched-mumbai-indians-new-city-of-dreams-jersey-for-ipl-2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Mumbai Indians |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310115226/https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/launched-mumbai-indians-new-city-of-dreams-jersey-for-ipl-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2024
| rowspan="3" |[[Skechers]]
|-
|2025
| rowspan="2" |[[Schneider Electric|Lauritz Knudsen]]
|-
|2026
|[[Malaysia Airlines]]
|}

== Rivalries ==

=== Rivalry with Chennai Super Kings ===
{{Main|Chennai Super Kings-Mumbai Indians rivalry}}

[[Chennai Super Kings]] and Mumbai Indians have played against each other more times than any other two teams in the IPL.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL: Familiar foes, Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings, face off in virtual quarterfinal|date=28 May 2014|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-ipl-familiar-foes-mumbai-indians-and-chennai-super-kings-face-off-in-virtual-quarterfinal-1991791|publisher=DNA India|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531031227/http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-ipl-familiar-foes-mumbai-indians-and-chennai-super-kings-face-off-in-virtual-quarterfinal-1991791|url-status=live}}</ref> They are the two most successful IPL teams and often termed as "big spenders" at the players auction.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2014: Chennai Super Kings Team Profile|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2014/story/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-team-profile-indian-premier-league-7-188577-2014-04-11|publisher=India Today|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=27 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927065855/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ipl-2014-chennai-super-kings-team-profile-indian-premier-league-7/1/355171.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2013 |title=Big spenders still searching for returns |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/627708.html |access-date=17 September 2014 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514232958/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/627708.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The two teams have met each other at the final of the IPL four times, with Mumbai winning three times and Chennai winning once.

=== Rivalry with Kolkata Knight Riders ===
Both teams play in major markets, with Mumbai Indians based in [[Mumbai]] and Kolkata Knight Riders based in [[Kolkata]]. Mumbai Indians is the most successful IPL franchise with five championships. However, until Mumbai's third championship, both teams were tied with two championships each. In the first two seasons of the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]], Mumbai swept Kolkata in all four games. It wasn't until the [[2010 IPL|2010 IPL season]] that Kolkata won against Mumbai. Both teams have been captained by Indian cricket legends at one point (Mumbai was captained by [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and Kolkata was captained by [[Sourav Ganguly]]). This rivalry has often played out in Mumbai's favour, as they have won 22 games compared to Kolkata's seven wins. They have faced each other twice in the playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata Knight Riders v Mumbai Indians : Head-to-head : T20R |url=http://bigbashboard.com/head-to-head/kolkata-knight-riders/mumbai-indians |website=T20R : Twenty20 Statistics and Player Rankings |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629072028/http://bigbashboard.com/head-to-head/kolkata-knight-riders/mumbai-indians |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2011, both teams played against each other in the Eliminator round, marking their first playoff appearances. This was the first time that the two teams met in the playoffs. Mumbai won the match by four wickets and advanced to the next round, ultimately losing to the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]].

In 2012, both teams were chasing a playoff spot in the tournament. The game started poorly for KKR as their batting team struggled to score runs. However, KKR picked up the pace and ended the innings with 140/7. Mumbai, initially in a strong position at 60/2 with more than 10 overs left, unexpectedly collapsed, finishing their innings at 108 all out. [[Sunil Narine]] was named Man of the Match with 4 wickets, and KKR eliminated MI from the playoffs. KKR won its first championship that season. Knight Riders' owner [[Shah Rukh Khan]] was handed a 5-year ban at [[Wankhede Stadium]], the home ground of Mumbai Indians. He was accused of walking on the field post-match and abusing the security guards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shah Rukh Khan gets five-year ban from Wankhede. |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-premier-league-2012-mca-bans-shah-rukh-khan-from-entering-wankhede-for-five-years-565312 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210051033/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-premier-league-2012-mca-bans-shah-rukh-khan-from-entering-wankhede-for-five-years-565312 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, the ban was lifted.<ref>{{Cite news |title=MCA ends Shah Rukh Khan's Wankhede ban. undefined News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/MCA-ends-Shah-Rukh-Khans-Wankhede-ban/articleshow/48316239.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2 August 2015 |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518205225/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/MCA-ends-Shah-Rukh-Khans-Wankhede-ban/articleshow/48316239.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mumbai and Kolkata faced off in the opening match of the 2015 season. Mumbai batted first and scored 168/3. This charge was led by captain [[Rohit Sharma]] with his 98 runs. Kolkata captain [[Gautam Gambhir]] scored 57 runs, leading his team to victory. [[Suryakumar Yadav]]'s 46 runs were crucial to KKR's chase.

In 2017, Mumbai earned its 100th T20 win against KKR.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Basu |first=Ritayan |date=14 May 2017 |title=Mumbai Indians create history, become first T20 team to win 100 matches |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/indian-premier-league-2017/news/story/ipl-2017-kkr-vs-mi-mumbai-indians-100-wins-t20-cricket-976927-2017-05-14 |magazine=India Today |access-date=26 April 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207214146/https://www.indiatoday.in/indian-premier-league-2017/news/story/ipl-2017-kkr-vs-mi-mumbai-indians-100-wins-t20-cricket-976927-2017-05-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that season, both teams faced each other in the playoffs in the Qualifier 2 round. KKR had a poor batting performance, posting 107 runs and being all out. Mumbai was able to capitalise and won the match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Kolkata Knight Riders vs Mumbai Indians Qualifier 2 2017 - Score Report. |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1082649/mumbai-indians-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-qualifier-2-indian-premier-league-2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202202525/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1082649/mumbai-indians-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-qualifier-2-indian-premier-league-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mumbai went on to the finals to beat [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] to claim their third championship.

From 2015 to 2018, Mumbai Indians held an eight-game winning streak against the Kolkata Knight Riders. That streak was broken on 29 April 2019, when KKR posted a total of 232 runs and won by 34 runs. KKR's [[Andre Russell]] scored 80 runs, and MI's [[Hardik Pandya]] scored 91 runs. KKR holds the record for highest total for an IPL match played at [[Eden Gardens]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League Cricket Team Records & Stats. |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?id=117&type=trophy |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528122027/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-highest-innings-totals/indian-premier-league-117 |url-status=live }}</ref> This victory was KKR's 100th T20 win.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=IPL 2019: Kolkata Knight Riders register 100th T20 win |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2019-kolkata-knight-riders-kkr-register-100-t20-wins-5673196/ |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123035736/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2019-kolkata-knight-riders-kkr-register-100-t20-wins-5673196/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mumbai have won all three games between them since then.

In the 2022 and 2024 season, Kolkata beat Mumbai in all the matches between them. As of 2024, in the 34 matches both teams have played so far, Mumbai Indians are leading ahead with a staggering 23 wins while Kolkata only has 11 victories.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL Head to Head Records|date=23 March 2023|url=https://www.crictracker.com/mi-vs-kkr-head-to-head-record-in-ipl-history/|access-date=27 December 2023|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227004920/https://www.crictracker.com/mi-vs-kkr-head-to-head-record-in-ipl-history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
[[File:Mumbai Indians Supports Education for All.jpg|thumb|Mumbai Indians invited children of the NGOs to watch matches for free.]]

Mumbai Indians have supported the social cause of education to the underprivileged. They have raised funds for the cause via selling merchandise like wristbands signed by their players. The NGOs supported are Pratham, Ummeed, Akanksha, Teach For India and Nanhi Kali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-05/people/28277139_1_nita-ambani-mumbai-indians-underprivileged-kids |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527091632/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-05/people/28277139_1_nita-ambani-mumbai-indians-underprivileged-kids |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2013 |title=6 for education! |date=5 July 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 March 2012}}</ref>

==Statistics==
{{main|List of Mumbai Indians records}}

===Overall results in the IPL===
''Last updated: 5 May 2025''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Indian Premier League]] Edition
! Number of Matches Played
! Number of Matches Won
! Number of Matches Lost
! Number of Matches Washed Out
! Success Rate [%]
! Points Table Standings
! Final position
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2008 Indian Premier League|'''2008''']] || 14 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 50.00% || 5th out of 8 || League stage
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2009 Indian Premier League|'''2009''']] || 14 || 5 || 8 || 1 || 35.71% || 7th out of 8 || League stage
|- style="background:silver;"
|| [[2010 Indian Premier League|'''2010''']] || 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 68.75% || 1st out of 8 || Runners-up
|- style="background:lightgreen;"
|| [[2011 Indian Premier League|'''2011''']] || 16 || 10 || 6 || 0 || 62.50% || 3rd out of 10 || Play-offs : Qualifier 2
|- style="background:lightblue;"
|| [[2012 Indian Premier League|'''2012''']] || 17 || 10 || 7 || 0 || 58.82% || 3rd out of 9 || Play-offs : Eliminator
|- style="background:gold;"
|| [[2013 Indian Premier League|'''2013''']] || 19 || 13 || 6 || 0 || 68.42% || 2nd out of 9 || Champions
|- style="background:lightblue;"
|| [[2014 Indian Premier League|'''2014''']] || 15 || 7 || 8 || 0 || 46.67% || 4th out of 8 || Play-offs : Eliminator
|- style="background:gold;"
|| [[2015 Indian Premier League|'''2015''']] || 16 || 10 || 6 || 0 || 62.50% || 2nd out of 8 || Champions
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2016 Indian Premier League|'''2016''']] || 14 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 50.00% || 5th out of 8 || League stage
|- style="background:gold;"
|| [[2017 Indian Premier League|'''2017''']] || 17 || 12 || 5 || 0 || 70.59% || 1st out of 8 || Champions
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2018 Indian Premier League|'''2018''']] || 14 || 6 || 8 || 0 ||42.86%|| 5th out of 8 || League stage
|- style="background:gold;"
|| [[2019 Indian Premier League|'''2019''']] || 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 68.75% || 1st out of 8 || Champions
|- style="background:gold;"
|| [[2020 Indian Premier League|'''2020''']] || 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 68.75% || 1st out of 8 || Champions
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2021 Indian Premier League|'''2021''']] || 14 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 50.00% || 5th out of 8|| League stage
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2022 Indian Premier League|'''2022''']] || 14 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 28.57% || 10th out of 10 || League stage
|- style="background:lightgreen;"
|| [[2023 Indian Premier League|'''2023''']] || 16 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 56.25% || 4th out of 10 || Play-offs : Qualifier 2
|- style="background:lightpink;"
|| [[2024 Indian Premier League|'''2024''']] || 14 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 28.57% || 10th out of 10 || League stage
|- style="background:lightgreen;"
|| [[2025 Indian Premier League|'''2025''']] || 16 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 56.25% || 4th out of 10 || Play-offs : Qualifier 2
|- class="sortbottom"
||'''Total'''|| 273 || 151 || 121 || 1 || 55.31% || colspan="2" |
|}

===By opposition===
Last updated: 1 June 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Indians T20 matches team results summary |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-results-summary/mumbai-indians-4346/twenty20-matches-6 |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512110557/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/team-results-summary/mumbai-indians-4346/twenty20-matches-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Opposition
! Played
! Won
! Lost
! NR
!Win %
|-
| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 40|| 21 || 19 || 0
|52.63%
|-
| [[Delhi Capitals]] || 35 || 19 || 16 || 0
|54.28%
|-
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 34 || 24 || 10 || 0
|69.69%
|-
| [[Punjab Kings]] ||35 || 18 || 17 || 0
|53.12%
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 30 || 16 || 14 || 0
|51.72%
|-
| [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 34 || 19 || 15 || 0
|57.57%
|-
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 24 || 14 || 10 || 0
|54.54%
|-
|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|6
|2
|4
|0
|20.00%
|-
|[[Gujarat Titans]]
|9
|3
|6
|0
|40.00%
|- style="background:#fdd;"
| [[Deccan Chargers]] || 10 || 6 || 4|| 0
|60.00%
|- style="background:#fdd;"
| [[Gujarat Lions]] ||4|| 2|| 2|| 0
|50.00%
|- style="background:#fdd;"
| [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|0.00%
|- style="background:#fdd;"
| [[Pune Warriors India]] || 6 || 5 || 1 || 0
|83.33%
|- style="background:#fdd;"
| [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0
|33.33%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Cape Cobras]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Guyana national cricket team|Guyana]]|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
|100.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Highveld Lions]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0
|50.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Lahore Lions]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales Blues]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Perth Scorchers]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
|100.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Otago Volts]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Somerset]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
|100.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Southern Redbacks]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Sydney Sixers]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|0.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]]|| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0
|100.00%
|- style="background:#ffe6b7;"
| [[Yorkshire Carnegie]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|0.00%
|}

{|class=wikitable
|-
|rowspan="2"|Colour Indication||style="background: #fdd;"|Teams now defunct
|-
|style="background:#ffe6b7;"|Non-IPL team
|}

=== Most runs ===
[[Rohit Sharma]] remains the leading run-scorer for the franchise. In 2025, [[Suryakumar Yadav]] set a new record for the most runs in a single season by a non-opener (717 runs).<ref>{{cite news |title=Suryakumar Yadav wins 2025 MVP after record-breaking season |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=25 May 2025 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

|-
! Rank !! Player !! Span !! Matches !! Innings !! Runs !! Average !! High Score
|-
| 1 || '''[[Rohit Sharma]]'''|| 2011–present || 221 || 216 || '''5,698''' || 29.86 || 109*
|-

| 2 || '''[[Suryakumar Yadav]]'''|| 2018–present || 106 || 104 || '''3,413''' || 37.00 || 103*
|-

| 3 || [[Kieron Pollard]] || 2010–2022 || 189 || 171 || '''3,412''' || 28.67 || 87*
|-

| 4 || [[Ambati Rayudu]] || 2010–2017 || 114 || 107 || '''2,416''' || 27.14 || 81*
|-

| 5 || [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || 2008–2013 || 78 || 78 || '''2,334''' || 34.83 || 100*
|}
''Active players are listed in '''bold'''. Stats current as of March 2026.''

=== Most wickets ===
[[Jasprit Bumrah]] is the all-time leading wicket-taker for Mumbai Indians, surpassing [[Lasith Malinga]] during the 2025 season. In early 2026, he became the first Indian pacer to reach 180 wickets for a single franchise.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bumrah hits 180-wicket milestone for MI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=1 March 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

|-
! Rank !! Player !! Span !! Matches !! Wickets !! Average !! Economy !! Best Bowling
|-
| 1 || '''[[Jasprit Bumrah]]'''|| 2013–present || 145 || '''183''' || 22.84 || 7.25 || 5/10
|-

| 2 || [[Lasith Malinga]] || 2009–2019 || 122 || '''170''' || 19.80 || 7.14 || 5/13
|-

| 3 || [[Harbhajan Singh]] || 2008–2017 || 136 || '''127''' || 26.65 || 6.95 || 5/18
|-

| 4 || [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] || 2015–2019 || 56 || '''71''' || 25.39 || 8.49 || 4/21
|-

| 5 || [[Kieron Pollard]] || 2010–2022 || 189 || '''69''' || 31.59 || 8.77 || 4/44
|}
''Active players are listed in '''bold'''. Stats current as of March 2026.''

==In popular culture==
In the 2019 [[Netflix]] documentary series ''[[Cricket Fever: Mumbai Indians]]'', the journey of the team was covered. This was the first sports related show from India to be produced by [[Netflix]] and they became the first IPL team to be featured in a documentary by Netflix.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cricket-fever-mumbai-indians-review-this-netflix-docu-series-has-no-dearth-of-delights-and-surprises-2001232|title=Cricket Fever: Mumbai Indians Review - This Netflix Docu-Series Has No Dearth Of Delights And Surprises|date=1 March 2019|website=NDTV|access-date=7 March 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727004431/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cricket-fever-mumbai-indians-review-this-netflix-docu-series-has-no-dearth-of-delights-and-surprises-2001232|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Global influence and ownership structure ===

The Mumbai Indians franchise is owned by [[Reliance Industries]], India's largest conglomerate, through its 100% subsidiary, '''Indiawin Sports Private Limited'''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reliance Industries: The power behind Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.business-standard.com |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref> Under the leadership of [[Nita Ambani]] and [[Akash Ambani]], the franchise has transitioned from a single IPL team into a global cricketing conglomerate.

By 2026, the "MI" brand established a presence in five major international cricket markets across four continents. This "One Family" philosophy ensures a unified coaching and scouting structure across all affiliated teams, led by Global Head of Cricket [[Mahela Jayawardene]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahela Jayawardene appointed Global Head of Performance for MI franchises |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=14 September 2022 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

The franchise's global footprint includes:
* '''India''': Mumbai Indians (IPL) and [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians Women]] (WPL).
* '''South Africa''': [[MI Cape Town]] (SA20).
* '''United Arab Emirates''': [[MI Emirates]] (ILT20).
* '''United States''': [[MI New York]] (MLC).
* '''United Kingdom''': In early 2026, the franchise completed a strategic rebranding of the [[Oval Invincibles]] to '''MI London''', becoming the first IPL owner to have a primary identity in [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]].<ref>{{cite news |title=MI London: Reliance expands footprint to UK cricket |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=The Economic Times |date=15 January 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

As of 2026, the Mumbai Indians brand is valued at over $1.5 billion, making it one of the most valuable sports properties globally.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians valuation crosses $1.5 billion mark |url=https://www.forbes.com |work=Forbes |date=10 February 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

== Affiliated teams ==
In addition to the primary IPL franchise, the Mumbai Indians brand includes several global teams across various Twenty20 leagues:

* '''[[Mumbai Indians (WPL)]]''' – A women's cricket team based in Mumbai that competes in the [[Women's Premier League (India)|Women's Premier League]] (WPL). They were the inaugural champions in 2023.
* '''[[MI Cape Town]]''' – Based in Cape Town, South Africa, competing in the [[SA20]] league.
* '''[[MI Emirates]]''' – Based in Abu Dhabi, UAE, competing in the [[International League T20]] (ILT20). They secured their first title in 2024.
* '''[[MI New York]]''' – Based in New York, USA, competing in [[Major League Cricket]] (MLC). They won the inaugural MLC championship in 2023.
* '''[[Oval Invincibles|MI London]]''' – Formerly known as the [[Oval Invincibles]], the franchise was officially rebranded as '''MI London''' in early 2026 following an expanded partnership between Reliance Industries and the team's ownership in [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai Indians expand global brand with MI London |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com |work=The Economic Times |date=15 January 2026 |access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.mumbaiindians.com/}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/mumbai-indians Team profile] at ''iplt20.com''

{{Mumbai Indians}}
{{Mumbai Indians Squad}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Reliance Group}}

[[Category:Mumbai Indians| ]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2008]]
[[Category:Reliance Sports]]

Pranjal Shrotriya

2026-03-14T04:36:17Z

Luisa35774: New a pg.

{{Short description|Indian actor and theatre director (born 1966)}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Pranjal Shrotriya
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1966|2|8}}
| education = Masters in Social Work
| known_for = Film and theatre director and actor
| spouse = Sushma Shrotriya
| birth_place = [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh, India
| image = Pranjal Shrotriya at Ravindra Bhawan, Bhopal.jpg
| caption = A moment from drama "Ram, Imam-e-Hind, Naaz -e- Hind"
}}

'''Pranjal Shrotriya''' (born 8 February 1966) is an Indian actor, theatre director,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-04-10 |script-title=hi:प्रांजल श्रोत्रिय.. टेरेस थियेटर के ज़रिये रंगमंच को नई ज़िदंगी देता कलाकार |url=https://indorestudio.com/terrace-theater-se-rangmanch/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Indore Studio |language=en-US}}</ref> social activist, documentary filmmaker and storyteller. Recognized for his contributions to the field of theater, Shrotriya is known for his productions that engage with societal issues.

In addition to his artistic pursuits, Shrotriya is the founder of Anant Terrace Theater,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |script-title=hi:चालीस बरस पहले इंदौर में हुआ करती थी फऩकारों के हुनर की रंगशाला |website=Agniban |url=https://www.agniban.com/app/forty-years-ago-there-used-to-be-a-theater-of-artistry-in-indore/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> a theatre group located in [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh.

In Indore, Shrotriya has been actively involved in overseeing theatrical activities at his terrace theater for numerous years. The Terrace Theater, situated in Indore, consistently serves as a venue for various play performances. Shrotriya, a dedicated director and artist, has devoted three decades to the realms of theater and documentary filmmaking. His team diligently engages in the training of emerging artists and regularly stages theatrical productions.<ref name=":1" />

== Stage involvement ==
Active in the field of theater since 1981, Pranjal Shrotriya has gained experience in theater, collaborating with various theater artists and directors, including [[Habib Tanvir|Habib Tanveer]], Prabhat Ganguly, [[M. K. Raina|M.K. Raina]], [[Bansi Kaul]], [[Leela Samson]], Sanjeev Dixit, Alkhanandan, Rajkamal Nayak, [[Alok Chatterjee]], [[Dadi Pudumjee]], Dolly Walia, Ashok Bulani, P.U. Devra, [[Pandit Narendra Sharma|Narendra Sharma]], Bharat Sharma, Anand Shankar, [[Tripti Mitra]], Vibha Rani, and others.

In addition to his involvement in the theater, Shrotriya actively collaborates with social organizations such as Seva Madhya Pradesh, Deenbandhu Social Organization, M.P.V.H.A, Pushpkunj, Bal Bhawan Indore, S.R.C. Bhopal, S.R.C. Indore, Indore Police, MPBGBS, MPVS, ZSS Vidisha, ZSS Indore, [[Hand in Hand International|Hand in Hand]], Jeevan Jyoti, Clinton Health Organization, and lends support to UNICEF projects.

Shrotriya engages in extensive collaboration with diverse theater organizations including, Manch Indore, Aradhana Group of Art and Culture, Spandan Indore, IPTA Indore, Halla Gulla Bal Natya Rang Shivir Indore, Rang Shree Little Ballet troop Bhopal, Nat Bundele, Rangvidushak, [[Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra|Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra New Delhi]], Sabrang, Rangroopiya, Anant Theater, among others.

In terms of directing plays, Shrotriya has directed a variety of productions, including [[Hamlet]], Vitthala, [[Andorra (play)|Andora]], [[R.U.R.|Rossum's Universal Robots]], Yuddh ke viruddh kavitaen, [[Ashadh Ka Ek Din]], Jangi Ram ki Haveli, Inspector Mata Din Chand Par, [[Andher Nagari|Andher Nagari Chaupat Raja]], Thakur Ka Kuan, Sawa Ser Gehu, Jal Chakkar,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |script-title=hi:पानी की भीषण समस्या पर 'जल चक्कर' का इंदौर में सफल मंचन |url=https://indorestudio.com/pani-ki-bheeshan-samsya-par-jal-chakkar/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Indore Studio |language=en-US}}</ref> Main Nadi Aansu Bhari, Moniya se Mahatma, [[Sheikh Chilli (Sufi saint)|Sheikh Chilli]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-21 |title=Tale with a twist: Sheikh Chilli speaks Indori lingo |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tale-with-a-twist-sheikh-chilli-speaks-indori-lingo/articleshow/46643645.cms |access-date=2023-12-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-11 |title=शेख चिल्ली का मंचन 20 मार्च को |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-MAT-latest-indore-news-025003-1484441-NOR.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> Sher khoontee par tanga hai, Lorry War, Soopana Ka Sapana,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://v.calameo.com/?bkcode=002635623b17ff65038dc&showsharemenu=false |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=v.calameo.com}}</ref> Kissa Machhalee Machhuaare Ka, and more. Shrotriya has directed small and large plays, including plays involving unorganized labor women in Madhya Pradesh, and has conducted about 150 drama workshops. Additionally, he and his team actively participate in various theater festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-26 |title=सिटी रिपोर्टर |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-HMU-MAT-latest-indore-news-060821-3873467-NOR.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Theatrical productions ==

* [[Hamlet]] written by [[William Shakespeare]]
* [https://indianwikipedia.com/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6 Inspector matadeen chand par] written by [[Harishankar Parsai]]
* [https://hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com/ThakurKaKuanMunshiPremchand.php Thakur Ka Kuan (ठाकुर का कुआँ)] written by [[Premchand|Munshi Premchand]]
* [https://hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com/SawaSerGehunMunshiPremchand.php Sawa Ser Gehun (सवा सेर गेहूँ)] written by [[Premchand|Munshi Premchand]]
* [https://hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com/PanchParmeshwarMunshiPremchand.php Panch Parmeshwar] written by [[Premchand|Munshi Premchand]]
* [[Kabuliwala (short story)|Kabuliwala]] written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
* [[Andorra (play)|Andorra]] written by [[Max Frisch]]
* [[:hi:आषाढ़ का एक दिन|Ashadh Ka Ek Din]] written by [[Mohan Rakesh]]
* [https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/kanjoos-a-play--on-miser-staged.html Kanjoos] written by [[Molière]]
* [[Scapin the Schemer|Bicchu (Scapin The Schemer)]] written by [[Molière]]
* Soopana Ka Sapana written by Shahid Anwar<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shrotriya, Pranjal}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]

Baapjanma

2026-03-11T19:19:47Z

Luisa35774: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Baapjanma
| image = Baapjanma.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nipun Dharmadhikari]]
| producer = Sumatilal Shah
| writer = Nipun Dharmadhikari
| starring = [[Sachin Khedekar]] [[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]] Sharvari Lohokare [[Akash Khurana]]
| music = Gandhaar
| cinematography = Abhijeet Abde
| editing = Suchitra Sathe
| studio = Sixteen by Sixty-Four Productions
| released = {{Film date|2017|09|29|df=yes}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
}}
'''''Baapjanma''''' is a 2017 Indian Marathi social drama directed by [[Nipun Dharmadhikari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/nipun-gears-up-for-next-marathi-film/articleshow/59142319.cms|title=Nipun Dharmadhikari’s gears up for his next Marathi film|date=14 June 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212062742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/nipun-gears-up-for-next-marathi-film/articleshow/59142319.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This is Dharamdhikari's second film although it released first.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/moment-of-glory-for-marathi-debutant-filmmakers-at-national-film-awards-5136751/|title=Moment of glory for Marathi debutant filmmakers at National Film Awards|first=Alifiya|last=Khan|date=14 April 2018|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|quote=This year also saw the release of ''Baapjanma'', touted as Dharmadhikari's first feature film, though he clarified that ''Dhappa'' was made before it|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212212529/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/moment-of-glory-for-marathi-debutant-filmmakers-at-national-film-awards-5136751/|url-status=live}}</ref> The story revolves around a retired and widowed intelligence officer who is estranged from his married children, who suddenly becomes terminally ill and then sets out to make amends using unconventional methods, with an unexpected ending.

The film stars [[Sachin Khedekar]], [[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]] and [[Akash Khurana]]. The movie was released on 29 September 2017 in India and received a positive response from both critics and audience.

== Cast ==
*[[Sachin Khedekar]] as Bhaskar Pandit
*[[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]] as Mauli
*[[Sharvari]] Lohokare as Veena
*Satyajeet Patwardhan as Vikram
*[[Akash Khurana]] as Ashok Khurana

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Every film has a USP [universal selling point] but ''Baapjanma'' has more than one. It is a team effort in the true sense of the term. This one is definitely worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/baapjanma/movie-review/60883299.cms|title=BAAPJANMA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 September 2017|last=Bhanage|first=Mihir|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212062444/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/baapjanma/movie-review/60883299.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''Cinestaan'' wrote that "Overall, ''Baapjanma'' is a fine entertainer that will move you".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/baapjanma-25236|title=Baapjanma review: Emotional saga with a good dose of humour|last=Seta|first=Keyur|date=28 September 2017|work=Cinestaan|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212061613/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/baapjanma-25236|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Pune Mirror]]'' wrote that "Nipun Dharmadhikari carefully balances the plot, never letting it lose the seriousness of the premise, allowing the moments of laughter and reflection alternately".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-baapjanma/cid5087963.htm|title=FILM: BAAPJANMA|last=Matkari|first=Ganesh|work=[[Pune Mirror]]|date=29 September 2017|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212061614/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-baapjanma/cid5087963.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Nominations ==
*4th Jio [[Filmfare Awards Marathi]] 2018 - Best Actor (Male) - [[Sachin Khedekar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/4th-jio-filmfare-marathi-awards-2018-actors-nominated-for-best-actor-category/photostory/65961867.cms|title=4th Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2018: Actors nominated for Best Actor (Male) category|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 September 2018|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212212306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/4th-jio-filmfare-marathi-awards-2018-actors-nominated-for-best-actor-category/photostory/65961867.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]

Karnataka Science and Technology Academy

2026-03-08T15:29:25Z

Luisa35774: fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Karnataka Science and Technology Academy
|image =
|image_border =
|size =
|logo =
|logo_caption =
|abbreviation = KSTA
|motto =
|formation = {{Start date and years ago|2005|7|30|df=yes}}
|extinction = 
|type =
|status = 
|purpose = 
|headquarters = Vijnan Bhavan, [[Banashankari]]
|location = [[Bangalore]], India
|coords = 
|region_served = [[Karnataka]]
|membership =
|language =
|publication =
|leader_title = Chairman
|leader_name = S. Ayyappan
|main_organ = 
|parent_organisation = Department of Science and Technology, [[Government of Karnataka]]
|affiliations = 
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = [http://kstacademy.in kstacademy.in]
|remarks =
}}

The '''Karnataka Science and Technology Academy''' (KSTA) is an organization established in 2005 to promote [[science]] and [[technology]]-related activities in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|State]] of [[Karnataka]]. It functions under the Department of Science and Technology of the [[government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka|url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/ksteps/Pages/DST-%20Organisations.aspx|publisher=karnataka.gov.in|accessdate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113054109/http://www.karnataka.gov.in/ksteps/Pages/DST-%20Organisations.aspx|archivedate=13 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The KSTA organizes programmes and conferences across Karnataka with an aim to "bring scientific awareness" and "popularize... science among general public."<ref>{{cite web|title=Karnataka Science and Technology Academy Conference|url=http://kstaconference.com|publisher=kstaconference.com|accessdate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304183343/http://kstaconference.com/|archivedate=4 March 2018}}</ref> The body is headed by a chairman and includes 20 other members, that includes 14 nominated members and 5 [[ex officio members]]: secretaries, principal secretaries, and directors of other departments of the government of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=http://kstacademy.in/members.htm|publisher=kstacademy.in|accessdate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304185245/http://kstacademy.in/members.htm|archivedate=4 March 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://kstacademy.in}}

[[Category:1954 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Scientific organisations based in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]

{{BangaloreUrban-geo-stub}}

Olu (film)

2026-03-05T22:57:53Z

Luisa35774: New data

{{Short description|2018 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Olu
| image = Oolu.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Shaji N. Karun]]
| writer = [[T. D. Ramakrishnan]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = [[A. V. Anoop]]
| starring = [[Esther Anil]] [[Shane Nigam]] [[Indrans]] [[Kani Kusruti]] Maya Menon
| music = [[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
| cinematography = [[M. J. Radhakrishnan]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| distributor =
| studio = Piravi Vision
| released = {{film date|2018|11|21|IFFI|ref1=<ref name=mathrubhumi />|2019|09|20|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
}}

'''''Olu''''' ({{translation|She}}) is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] and written by [[T. D. Ramakrishnan|T D Ramakrishnan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/250517/esther-anil-in-shaji-n-karuns-oal.html|title=Esther Anil in Shaji N Karun's Oal|first=Aravind K|last=S|date=25 May 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The film stars [[Esther Anil]], [[Shane Nigam]], [[Indrans]], [[Kani Kusruti]] in the lead role; produced by A V Anoop.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/oct/01/shaji-n-karun-with-oolu-1518514.html|title=Shaji N Karun with Oolu|date=3 October 2016|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Navamy|last=Sudhish|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> The film was the opening film at the 49th [[International Film Festival of India]] (2018). It was also screened at a few other major film festivals.<ref name=mathrubhumi>Anushree Madhavan (21 November 2018). [https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/indian-panorama-to-begin-with-malayalam-movie-oolu--1.3328269 "Indian Panorama to begin with Malayalam movie 'Oolu'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715093740/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/indian-panorama-to-begin-with-malayalam-movie-oolu--1.3328269 |date=15 July 2019 }}. ''[[Mathrubhumi]]''. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Esther Anil]] as Olu
* [[Shane Nigam]] as Vasu
*Samyuktha Shanmuganathan as Shwetha
*[[Radhika (Malayalam actress)|Radhika]] as Meenakshi
* [[Indrans]] as Abhu (Thonikkaran)
* [[Kani Kusruti]] as Manasi (Vasu's sister)
* [[P. Sreekumar]]
* Punnassery Kanchana
* Nyima Nangchung as a Buddhist girl<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/300618/tibetan-link-in-mollywood.html|title=Tibetan link in Mollywood | Tibetan link in Mollywood|first=Gokul|last=m.g|date=30 June 2018|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>
}}

== Reception ==
Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "Though I wouldn't call it a masterpiece, I found Olu to be a much better effort than Swaham, Nishad, and Swapaanam but a couple of notches below Piravi, Vanaprastham, and Kutty Srank. It's definitely worth a watch."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shrijith |first1=Sajin |title=Olu film review {{!}} An interesting statement on artistic integrity |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/Sep/21/olu-film-review--an-interesting-statement-on-artistic-integrity-2036660.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Deepa Antony of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "With no space for comedy or everyday references, Olu is what they call an arthouse cinema. But sadly it even as an arthouse cinema it holds back on emotions and focuses on computer generated graphics that the fantasy elements demand of it. However, Olu is watchable with the patience one reserves only for arthouse cinemas, but nothing else."<ref>{{cite news |title=Olu Movie Review : A movie that under-utilities its myths and motifs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/olu/movie-review/71218455.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 September 2019}}</ref>

S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "the plastic, soulless conversations, and some weak writing, drags the film down. So much so that even M.J. Radhakrishnan's evocative imageries fail to save it. The moralistic stand the film leans towards also feels a bit outdated, but then that is excusable considering the place and time where the film is set."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Praveen |first1=S. R. |title='Olu' Malayalam movie review: Depth unexplored of a profound story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/depth-unexplored-of-a-profound-story/article29483637.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=22 September 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Padmakumar K of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "Fantasies always transcend beauty and time, but at the same time if gone wrong it can go overboard. Karun, at certain areas, does seem to sweat to manoeuvrer the required connectivity between the magical and the real, especially after the movie journeys to Mumbai in the second half. Yet, the movie provides a wholesome entertainment that is aesthetically refreshing."<ref>{{cite news |title='Olu' review: Dream voyage to a fantasy island |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2019/09/20/olu-review-a-dream-journey.amp.html |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] - [[M. J. Radhakrishnan]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7668228}}

{{Shaji N. Karun |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Films directed by Shaji N. Karun]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Appudo Ippudo Eppudo

2026-03-03T09:14:31Z

Luisa35774: done

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Sudheer Varma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Appudo Ippudo Eppudo.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sudheer Varma]]
| writer = Sudheer Varma
| producer = [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]]
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Nikhil Siddhartha]]
* [[Rukmini Vasanth]]
* [[Divyansha Kaushik]]
}}
| cinematography = Richard Prasad
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| music = '''Score''' [[Sunny M. R.]] '''Songs''' [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] Sunny M. R.
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|11|8|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Appudo Ippudo Eppudo''''' ({{Translation|Then, now, whenever}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy]] film written and directed by [[Sudheer Varma]], and produced by [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]] through [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-04 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha teases 'Appudo Ippudo Eppudo' to include multiple twists |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nikhil-siddhartha-teases-appudo-ippudo-eppudo-to-include-multiple-twists/articleshow/114932325.cms |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film features [[Nikhil Siddhartha]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]] and [[Divyansha Kaushik]] in important roles. The film is named after the song of the same name in ''[[Bommarillu]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Oct/29/neetho-ila-from-appudo-ippudo-eppudo-is-a-groovy-number | title='Neetho Ila' from Appudo Ippudo Eppudo is a groovy number | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=29 October 2024 }}</ref>

The film was released on 8 November 2024 to negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer Of Telugu Film Appudo Ippudo Eppudo Out, Check Release Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/trailer-of-telugu-film-appudo-ippudo-eppudo-out-check-release-date-9109956.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Rishi's dream is to become a racer. In the process, he meets Tara, but unfortunately, their love meets no end. So, he reaches [[London]] to get trained for racing, where he meets Tulasi and they fall in love. However, on the day of the marriage, Tulasi disappears. Who is behind Tulasi's disappearance, who is local don Bardrinarayana, and how Rishi unfolds the threads forms the rest of the story.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appudo Ippudo Eppudo Movie Review: రివ్యూ: అప్పుడో ఇప్పుడో ఎప్పుడో.. నిఖిల్‌ కొత్త మూవీ అలరించిందా? |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/124201248 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] as Rishi
* [[Rukmini Vasanth]] as Tara
* [[Divyansha Kaushik]] as Tulasi / Chumbana
* [[John Vijay]] as Badri Narayana
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Munna
* [[Harsha Chemudu]] as Balaji "Yaaji"
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]]
* [[Sudharshan]]
* Anaswi
* Rajesh Vulli
* Sriram
* Sagar
* Surya Varma
}}

== Music ==
The background score is composed by [[Sunny M. R.]], whereas soundtrack is composed by [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and Sunny M. R.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-10-30 |title='Neetho Ila' from 'Appudo Ippudo Eppudo' is a melodious track |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/neetho-ila-from-appudo-ippudo-eppudo-is-a-melodious-track-918188 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[Junglee Music]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hey Taara
| length1 = 4:11
| lyrics1 = [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]
| music1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| extra1 = Karthik, Nithyashree
| title2 = Neetho Ila
| length2 = 4:09
| lyrics2 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| music2 = Karthik
| extra2 = Karthik, Nithyashree
| title3 = Kabhi Haa Kabhi Naa
| length3 = 3:55
| lyrics3 = Krishna Chaitanya
| music3 = [[Sunny M. R.]]
| extra3 = [[Manisha Eerabathini]], Krishna Tejasvi, Sunny M. R.
}}

== Release ==
''Appudo Ippudo Eppudo'' was originally scheduled to release in the [[Deepawali]] weekend, but was ultimately released on 8 November 2024 due to multiple film releases.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-04 |title='Appudo Ippudo Eppudo' Trailer Out! Nikhil Siddhartha Plays An Aspiring Racer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-trailer-out-nikhil-siddhartha-plays-an-aspiring-racer-article-114953879 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diwali 2024: Two popular Telugu biggies back out of the race |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/diwali-2024-two-popular-telugu-biggies-back-out-of-the-race/68991c9aa7821 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> [[Amazon Prime Video]] has acquired the post-theatrical digital streaming rights and premiered on 27 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appudo Ippudo Eppudo locks its OTT platform: Where to watch the Nikhil, Rukmini Vasanth film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-locks-its-ott-platform-where-to-watch-the-nikhil-rukmini-vasanth-film/b263714b11272 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Appudo Ippudo Eppudo Tanks At Box Office, Makes Early OTT Debut |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nikhil-siddharthas-appudo-ippudo-eppudo-tanks-at-box-office-makes-early-ott-debut-9138324.html |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Giving a rating of 2 out of 5, ''[[OTTPlay]]'', Avad Mohammad stated "Appudo Ippudo Eppudo is an outdated crime drama that lacks basic thrill. Right from the actors to the narration, everything is dull, boring, and silly".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appudo Ippudo Eppudo Review: The Nikhil Siddhartha film is as silly as it gets |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-review-the-nikhil-siddhartha-film-is-as-silly-as-it-gets/63c46af062710 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> BVS Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave a negative review citing it as a "boring and painful watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=2024-11-08 |title=Appudo Ippudo Eppudo is a boring and painful watch |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-is-a-boring-and-painful-watch-1836396 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> Echoing the same, [[Telugucinema.com]] stated that, "The film exemplifies lousy writing and outdated direction".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-08 |title=Appudo Ippudo Eppudo Review: Lousy efforts, dated narration |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/appudo-ippudo-eppudo-review-lousy-efforts-dated-narration# |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Telugu Cinema |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|16993888}}

[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sudheer Varma]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]

Hassan Mirza

2026-02-20T23:53:58Z

Luisa35774: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Hasan Mirza]]

Employees' State Insurance

2026-02-18T14:59:23Z

Luisa35774:

{{Short description|Statutory body of the Government of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Employees' State Insurance Corporation
| logo = Employee State Insurance Corporation Logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Statute|Statutory Body]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|80000|c}} (as of 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/covid-india-pension-scheme-health-insurance-7282123/|title=Covid is an opportunity to make structural changes to our largest health insurance and pension schemes|date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
| formed = {{start date and age|24 February 1952|paren=yes}}
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
| jurisdiction = [[India]]
| chief1_name = Ashok Kumar Singh, IAS
| chief1_position = Director General
| website = {{URL|http://www.esic.gov.in/}}
| minister1_name = [[Mansukh Mandaviya]]
| parent_department = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]], [[Government of India]]
}}

'''Employees' State Insurance Corporation''' ('''ESIC''') is one of the two main [[statute|statutory social security bodies]] under the administrative control of [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]], [[Government of India]], the other being the [[Employees' Provident Fund Organisation]]. The fund is managed by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated in the ESI Act 1948.

Administratively, the organisation is divided into zones that are headed by Zonal Medical Commissioner and Zonal Insurance Commissioner. At present, there are five Zones across India. The states have one Regional Office (RO) which is generally headed by an additional commissioner or Director rank officer; the Regional Offices are sub-divided into Sub-Regional offices (SRO) consisting several districts, SROs are headed by Director or Joint Director Rank officers. To assist Regional Directors, there are Deputy Directors, heading various units/ branches and looking after the enforcement of the Act and Schemes. State Medical Officer (SMO), Medical Referee (MR) and Medical Vigilance Officer (MVO), a medical officer from GDMO sub-cadre are posted in Zonal offices / Regional offices to look after the medical administrative work of the region. Many district offices have an Assistant Director or a Social Security Officer, SSO to implement the scheme and to attend grievances.

Across the country, there are ESIC Medical Colleges headed by Dean (SAG level Officer from Teaching Sub-cadre of Medical Officer), ESIC Hospitals headed by Medical Superintendent (SAG level Officer from GDMO/Specialist sub-cadre of Medical Officer) and ESIC Dispensary/ Dispensary cum Branch Office (DCBO) headed by IMO I/C (Officer from GDMO sub-cadre of Medical Officer) to provide medical services to the insured persons and beneficiaries. Deputy Director and Assistant Director are also posted in ESIC Hospitals and Medical Colleges to assist the Dean and Medical Superintendent in administrative works. Similarly Social Security Officer (SSO)/Manager are posted in DCBO to assist IMO I/C in administrative work relating to implementation of scheme and provision of cash benefits.

The total sanctioned manpower of the ESIC is at present more than 21,000 including all levels. The Deputy Directors are recruited directly, competitively, through the Union Public Service Commission of India as well as through promotion from lower ranks. Subordinate Officers are also recruited directly by ESIC in addition to promotion from the staff cadres.

Medical Officers of ESIC are recruited directly through competitive written exam and/or Personal Interview in different sub-cadres viz. GDMO sub-cadre, Non-Teaching Specialist Sub-Cadre and Teaching Specialist Sub-Cadre with pay analogous to Central Health Services. In 2024, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) announced recruitment to the posts of IMO Grade-II (GDMO Sub-Cadre) through the disclosure lists of [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]] [[Combined Medical Services Examination]] conducted in the years 2022 and 2023.

Nursing Officers of ESIC are also recruited directly, competitively through the Union Public Service Commission of India.

==History==
In March 1943, Bhalchandra Pundarik (BP) Adarkar was appointed by the Government of India to create a report on the health insurance scheme for industrial workers.<ref name="ESI">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MoQa3QV5aE0C&q=%22B.+N.+Adarkar%22&pg=PA207|title=Sociology for Nurses : A Textbook for Nurses and Other Medical Practitioners|author=C M Abraham|year=2005|publisher=BI Publications Pvt |isbn=9788172251987|access-date=23 August 2013}}</ref> The report became the basis for the Employment State Insurance (ESI) Act of 1948.<ref name="ESI"/> The promulgation of Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 envisaged an integrated need-based social insurance scheme that would protect the interest of workers in contingencies such as sickness, maternity, temporary or permanent physical disablement, death due to employment injury resulting in loss of wages or earning capacity. The Act also guarantees reasonably good medical care to workers and their immediate dependents. Following the promulgation of the ESI Act the Central Govt. set up the ESI Corporation to administer the Scheme. The Scheme thereafter was first implemented at Kanpur and Delhi on 24 February 1952. The Act further absolved the employers of their obligations under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and Workmen's Compensation Act 1923. The benefits provided to the employees under the Act are also in conformity with ILO conventions.<ref name=ccs>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/interns2003/chap6.pdf|title=Employee State Insurance: For a handful of contribution, a bagful of benefits24 February 2011|access-date=22 February 2011|archive-date=26 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626134627/http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/interns2003/chap6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|1}}

The act was initially intended for factory workers but later became applicable to all establishments having 10 or more workers. As of 31 March 2016, the total beneficiaries are 82.8 million.[http://www.esic.nic.in/coverage]<ref name=rep0809>{{cite web|url=http://esic.nic.in/CIRCULARS/AR0809.pdf|title=Annual Report 2008-2009|publisher=Employees' State Insurance Corporation|access-date=23 February 2011}}</ref>{{rp|13}}<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/28/stories/2009102856710600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031085337/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/28/stories/2009102856710600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2009|title=ESI plans 11 medical colleges|access-date=23 February 2011|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 October 2009}}</ref>

==ESI Act==
Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), established by ESI Act, is an statutory organisation under [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]], [[Government of India]]. As it is a legal entity, the corporation can raise loans and take measures for discharging such loans with the prior sanction of the central government and it can acquire both movable and immovable property and all incomes from the property shall vest with the corporation.<ref name=Guruprasadh>{{cite book|last1=K.M.Pillai|title=Labour & Industrial Laws|publisher=Allahabad Law Agency|isbn=81-89530-71-2|edition=Fourteenth Edition, 2012}}</ref> The corporation can set up hospitals either independently or in collaboration with state government. There are ESIC Medical Colleges, Hospitals and Dispensaries throughout the country run directly by the corporation under the Ministry of Labour & Employment along with ESIS hospitals and dispensaries which are run by respective state governments. The ESIC has its offices throughout the country with Jurisdiction further dividing into Regional Offices(ROs) & Sub- Regional Offices(SROs).

==Benefits==
As per the section 46 of the ESI Act, 1948, six benefits<ref>{{Cite web|title=Benefits of ESI scheme|url=https://www.esic.nic.in/information-benefits}}</ref> are envisaged to its subscribers.

1- Medical benefit

2- Sickness benefit

3- Maternity benefit

4- Disablement benefit

5- Dependants benefit

6- funeral expenses

For all employees earning {{INRConvert|21000|}} or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 3.25% and the employee contributes 0.75%, total share 4%. This fund is managed by the ESI Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated there in the ESI Act 1948, which oversees the provision of medical and cash benefits to the employees and their family. ESI scheme is a type of social security scheme for employees in the organised sector.

The employees registered under the scheme are entitled to medical treatment for themselves and their dependents, [[Unemployment benefits|unemployment cash benefit]] in certain contingencies and maternity benefit in case of women employees. In case of employment-related [[disability|disablement]] or death, there is provision for a [[Disability benefits|disablement benefit]] and a family pension respectively.<ref name=ccs />{{rp|67}} Outpatient medical facilities are available in 1418 ESI dispensaries and through 1,678 registered medical practitioners. Inpatient care is available in 145 ESI hospitals and 42 hospital annexes with a total of 19,387 beds. In addition, several state government hospitals also have beds for the exclusive use of ESI Beneficiaries. Cash benefits can be availed in any of 830 ESI centres throughout India.<ref name=rep0809 />{{rp|13,16}}

Recent years have seen an increasing role of information technology in ESI, with the introduction of ''Pehchan'' smart cards as a part of ''Project Panchdeep''.<ref name=rep0809 />{{rp|8}}<ref name=hindu2>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/26/stories/2009082655181400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629030024/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/26/stories/2009082655181400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2011|title=Kharge launches smart cards for ESIC|access-date=23 February 2011|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 August 2009}}</ref> In addition to insured workers, poor families eligible under the [[Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana]] can also avail facilities in ESI hospitals and dispensaries.
ESI Corporation also runs medical, nursing and paramedical schools in some ESI hospitals across India.

==Medical and dental colleges==
Employees' State Insurance Corporation runs medical, dental, nursing and paramedical schools in many locations across India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113364|title = Medical Colleges Under ESIC}}</ref> Presently, there are 11 medical colleges and 2 dental colleges established by the ESI Corporation. These colleges admit students on the basis of marks obtained in the competitive examinations conducted at the central level, the [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|National Eligibility cum Entrance Test]] (NEET-UG).

There are 8 Medical Colleges managed by the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]], [[Government of India]] under the ESI Corporation. They are:

# ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, [[Rajajinagar|Rajaji Nagar]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]
# ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR,<ref>{{cite web | title=Employee's State Insurance Corporation, Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India | website=Medical Institution | date=2000-01-01 | url=https://www.esic.gov.in/medical-institution | language=la | access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref> [[K. K. Nagar, Chennai|K. K. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
# [[ESIC Medical College, Kolkata|ESI-PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka, West Bengal]]
# [[ESIC Medical College, Faridabad|ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Faridabad, Haryana]]
# ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Sanath Nagar, [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
# ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, [[Kalaburagi]], [[Karnataka]]
# [[ESIC Medical College, Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]]
# [[ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Patna]], [[Bihar]]
# [[ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Beltola]], [[Guwahati]]

The administration of the remaining 3 medical colleges have been handed over to the respective State Governments under various [[MoU]]. They were established by the ESI Corporation but are managed by the state government since inception. They are:
* [[Government Medical College, Kollam]], [[Kerala]].
* [[Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College & Hospital Mandi]], [[Himachal Pradesh]].
* [[Government Medical College & ESI Hospital, Coimbatore]]

The Dental colleges run by the ESI Corporation are -

# ESIC Dental college and Hospital, [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]], [[New Delhi]].
# ESIC Dental College, [[Kalaburagi]], [[Karnataka]].

The [[Government of India]] plans to construct 20 more ESI Medical Colleges in various cities across India in the upcoming years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Colleges Under ESIC |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113364 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809131015/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113364 |archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref>

==New Amendment==
The Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) raised the monthly wage limit to Rs. 21,000 from the existing Rs. 15,000, for coverage with effect from 1 January 2017. The rate of contribution was reduced from 6.5% to 4% (employer's share 3.25% and employee's share 0.75%)<ref>{{Cite web|last=A|first=Aruna|date=2021-11-09|title=ESI Scheme- Applicability|url=https://www.legalbay.co.in/post/applicability-of-esi|access-date=2022-02-03|website=Legal Bay|language=en}}</ref> effective from 1 July 2019.

==Landmark Judgements==
=== ESIC v/s Builders' Association of India ===
[[Supreme Court of India]] Stays the applicability of the Employees' State Insurance to the Construction Workers.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Supreme Court of India |url=http://labourlawadvisor.com/upload/Judgement/e9bacb5d38da4b8a8c1aba8ffd4f608b.pdf |website=www.labourlawadvisor.com |access-date=15 October 2022 |location=SLP 13351/2018| title= BUILDERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA vs THE EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION & ORS.}}</ref>

=== ESIC vs Texmo Industries ===
Conveyance/Travelling Allowance not to be consider as Wages under Sec. 2(22) of ESIC.<ref>{{cite web |title=ESIC vs Texmo Industries |url=http://labourlawadvisor.com/upload/Judgement/7a558dd9f5e749eca509611efaeafb16.pdf |website=www.labourlawadvisor.com |publisher=Supreme Court of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://esic.nic.in/ ESIC Headquarters Office]

{{Insurance in India}}

[[Category:Employees' State Insurance| ]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:Health insurance in India]]
[[Category:Labour relations in India]]
[[Category:Indian labour law]]
[[Category:Social security in India]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in India]]

Anupam Kher

2026-02-14T14:06:06Z

Luisa35774: rework references and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1955)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Anupam Kher
| image = Anupam Kher at 56th IFFI.jpg
| caption = Kher in 2025
| office = Chairman of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]]
| term = 11 October 2017 – 31 October 2018
| predecessor = [[Gajendra Chauhan]]
| successor = [[B. P. Singh]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|3|7}}
| birth_place = [[Simla]], [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|PEPSU]], India
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list
|[[Panjab University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
|[[National School of Drama]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer}}
| works = [[Anupam Kher filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Madhumalti Kapoor|1978||end=sep}}
* {{marriage|[[Kirron Kher]]|1985}}
}}
| relatives = [[Raju Kher]] (brother)
| children = [[Sikandar Kher]] (stepson)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Anupam Kher|Full list]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.anupamkherfoundation.org}}
}}

'''Anupam Kher''' (born 7 March 1955) is an [[India]]n actor, director and producer who works primarily in [[Hindi cinema]]. In a career spanning over four decades, he has acted in more than [[Anupam Kher filmography|540 films]]. A veteran of Indian cinema,<ref name="actorsprep">{{cite news |title=Been there, done that! Anupam Kher starts shooting for 501st film |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/been-there-done-that-anupam-kher-starts-shooting-for-501st-film/articleshow/53613613.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029231303/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/been-there-done-that-anupam-kher-starts-shooting-for-501st-film/articleshow/53613613.cms |archive-date=29 October 2016 |access-date=24 June 2011 |agency=IANS |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Kher is recipient of two [[National Film Awards]] and eight [[Filmfare Awards]] for his acting performances.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anupam Kher Awards: List of awards and nominations received by Anupam Kher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Anupam-Kher/awards |website=The Times of India |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414021822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Anupam-Kher/awards |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Shri]] in 2004<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=13 March 2023 |title=Owe my achievements to country, people: Anupam Kher |url=https://theprint.in/feature/owe-my-achievements-to-country-people-anupam-kher/1439956/ |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=25 March 2017 |title=Anti-award wapsi activist Padma Bhushan Anupam Kher chosen for another award - the Kala Ratan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/Mar/25/anti-award-wapsi-activist-padma-bhushan-anupam-kher-chosen-for-another-award---the-kala-ratan-1585773.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> for his contribution to Indian cinema and arts.

Kher made his acting debut with [[Mahesh Bhatt]]-directed drama film ''[[Saaransh]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 February 2024 |title=Saaransh: The 1984 Mahesh Bhatt movie that made Rohini Hattangadi a household name |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saaransh-the-1984-movie-that-made-rohini-hattangadi-a-household-name/articleshow/107450357.cms |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> (1984), which marked Kher's breakthrough role, earning him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of an elderly father. Since then he starred in several other supporting roles. He was appreciated in negative roles in films such as ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986), ''[[Tezaab]]'' (1988) and ''[[ChaalBaaz]]'' (1989). For ''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]'' (1988), he won the [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award]] for his performance. In 1989, ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'' garnered him wider recognition for his comic performances and won him [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]], and for ''[[Daddy (1989 film)|Daddy]]'', he won a [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance]]. In later years, Kher was nominated for [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award]] for ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), ''[[Saudagar (1991 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1991), ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991), ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun]]'' (1994), ''[[Chaahat (1996 film)|Chaahat]]'' (1996), ''[[Special 26]]'' (2013) and ''[[Uunchai]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/ampstories/web-stories/7-greatest-films-of-anupam-kher |title=7 Greatest Films of Anupam Kher}}</ref> He was nominated in the category of [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Filmfare Award for Best Comedian]] for films, such as ''[[Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin]]'' (1991), ''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]'' (1992), ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'' (2000), and won for ''[[Khel (film)|Khel]]'' (1992), ''[[Darr]]'' (1993) and ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianffth.nl/index.php/en/films-and-programme/filmarchive2012/dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge/ |title=Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (there goes the bride) |publisher=Indian Film Festival, [[The Hague]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227084026/http://www.indianffth.nl/index.php/en/films-and-programme/filmarchive2012/dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge/ |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref>

Kher's other acclaimed roles include ''[[Khosla Ka Ghosla]]'' (2006), ''[[Buddha Mar Gaya]]'' (2006), ''[[A Wednesday!]]'' (2008), ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' (2015), ''[[M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016), ''[[The Kashmir Files]]'' (2022) and ''[[Metro... In Dino]]'' (2025).<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhatnagar |first=Avinash |date=20 April 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/anupam-kher-i-have-always-been-the-face-of-change-the-problem-is-that-the-world-has-only-now-acknowledged-it-101713620055983.html |title=Anupam Kher: I have always been the face of change; the problem is that the world has only now acknowledged it |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=16 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="News18">{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Shikha |date=4 July 2025 |title=Metro In Dino Review: Anurag Basu's Film Is A Beautiful Ode To Love |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/metro-in-dino-review-anurag-basus-film-is-a-beautiful-ode-to-love-8965432.html |work=News18 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> Besides working in Hindi films, he has also appeared in international films such as the [[Golden Globe]]-nominated ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]'' (2002), [[Ang Lee]]'s [[Golden Lion]]-winning [[List of NC-17 rated films|NC-17 rated]] ''[[Lust, Caution]]'' (2007), [[David O. Russell]]'s [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning ''[[Silver Linings Playbook]]'' (2012) and Anthony Maras' ''[[Hotel Mumbai]]'' (2019). He received a [[BAFTA]] nomination for his supporting role in the British television film ''[[The Boy with the Topknot]]'' (2018).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 April 2018 |title=Anupam Kher bags BAFTA Awards 2018 nomination for The Boy with the Topknot; Here's the Complete List |language=en-US |work=Indiatvnews |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/hollywood-bafta-2018-nomination-list-anupam-kher-bags-nod-for-the-boy-in-top-knot-435870 |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103244/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/hollywood-bafta-2018-nomination-list-anupam-kher-bags-nod-for-the-boy-in-top-knot-435870 |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> Anupam Kher will portray [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in his 538th film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2023 |title=Anupam Kher to portray legendary poet Rabindranath Tagore in 538th film, shares his first look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/anupam-kher-to-portray-legendary-poet-rabindranath-tagore-in-538th-film-shares-his-first-look/articleshow/101616083.cms |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He has previously served as the Chairman of the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] and the [[National School of Drama]] in India.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://nsd.gov.in/Annual_Report_2005-06.pdf |title=NSD Graduates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718213711/http://www.nsd.gov.in/Annual_Report_2005-06.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref>
Kher was appointed Chairman of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII) in October 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2017 |title=Anupam Kher appointed FTII chairman |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/anupam-kher-appointed-ftii-chairman/articleshow/61035487.cms |access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> His appointment was [[controversial]], given his support for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/the-double-life-of-anupam-kher-fanboy-to-bjp-and-desi-uncle-to-hollywood/171381/ |title=The double life of Anupam Kher: Hollywood's favourite desi & BJP's pin-up patriot |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=31 July 2019 |website=The Print |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062727/https://theprint.in/opinion/the-double-life-of-anupam-kher-fanboy-to-bjp-and-desi-uncle-to-hollywood/171381/ |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushik |first=Krishn |date=12 October 2017 |title=Anupam Kher appointed new FTII chairman: His politics in his tweets, from award wapsi to JNU |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/anupam-kher-appointed-new-ftii-chairman-his-politics-in-his-tweets-from-award-wapsi-to-jnu-4886053/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062728/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/anupam-kher-appointed-new-ftii-chairman-his-politics-in-his-tweets-from-award-wapsi-to-jnu-4886053/ |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/10/12/why-anupam-khers-appointment-as-ftii-chairman-is-problematic_a_23240877/ |title=Why Anupam Kher's Appointment As FTII Chairman Is Problematic |date=12 October 2017 |website=HuffPost India |language=en |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062731/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/10/12/why-anupam-khers-appointment-as-ftii-chairman-is-problematic_a_23240877/ |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/naseeruddin-shah-on-ftii-chairman-anupam-khers-absence-i-dont-think-hes-been-there-more-than-twice-1862643.html |title=Naseeruddin Shah on FTII Chairman Anupam Kher: I Don't Think He's Been There More Than Twice |website=News18 |date=31 August 2018 |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062725/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/naseeruddin-shah-on-ftii-chairman-anupam-khers-absence-i-dont-think-hes-been-there-more-than-twice-1862643.html |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> A year later, he resigned as the chairman of the FTII, citing his work commitments for the American TV show ''[[New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)|New Amsterdam]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anupam-kher-resigns-as-ftii-chairman-citing-international-assignments-1940623 |title=Anupam Kher Resigns as FTII Chairman Citing 'International Assignments' |work=NDTV.com |access-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101095718/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anupam-kher-resigns-as-ftii-chairman-citing-international-assignments-1940623 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Anupam Kher was born on 7 March 1955 in [[Shimla|Simla]], in the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]] of India (now in [[Himachal Pradesh]]), into a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family.<ref name="DOB">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/robert-de-niro-made-anupam-khers-birthday-special/articleshow/57555994.cms |first=Lasyapriya |last=Sundaram |title=Robert De Niro made Anupam Kher's birthday special |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 March 2017 |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314165746/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/robert-de-niro-made-anupam-khers-birthday-special/articleshow/57555994.cms |archive-date=14 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2009 |title=Anupam Kher to work for Empowerment of Kashmiri Pandit Community |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 December 2020 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/anupam-kher-to-work-for-empowerment-of-kashmiri-pandits/story-WuvcZNKP4vXb1QzpoZJeDP.html |quote=as a member of the [Kashmiri Pandit] community}}</ref> His father, Pushkar Nath Kher was a clerk in the forest department of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and his mother, Dulari Kher was a housewife.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sawhney |first=Anubha |title=Anupam Kher: A retake of life's scenes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/Anupam-Kher-A-retake-of-lifes-scenes/articleshow/15884674.cms |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=13 June 2002 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shimla's coffee house will miss Anupam Kher's father |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shimlas-coffee-house-will-miss-anupam-khers-father/articleshow/11867051.cms |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=13 February 2012 |language=en}}</ref> He was educated at D. A. V. School in Shimla.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 June 2019 |title=Anupam kher speaks at oxford union thanks students after talking about cinema and india |work=Hindustantimes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anupam-kher-speaks-at-oxford-union-thanks-students-after-talking-about-cinema-and-india/story-9Z5yVOTxDifbm0lgSWCS3H.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615071252/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anupam-kher-speaks-at-oxford-union-thanks-students-after-talking-about-cinema-and-india/story-9Z5yVOTxDifbm0lgSWCS3H.html |archive-date=15 June 2019}}</ref> He studied economics at [[Government College, Sanjauli]] under [[Himachal Pradesh University]], [[Shimla]], but dropped out to study Indian theatre at [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Small town boy with big dreams, Anupam Kher says the city made me who I am |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/small-town-boy-with-big-dreams-anupam-kher-says-the-city-made-me-who-i-am/story-UCoCFuguklDy0wIRzIPUHK.html |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1978, Kher graduated from the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD) in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":1"/> Some of his early roles were in plays performed at the Himachal Pradesh University.<ref name="KBHSH">{{cite web |url=http://www.southasiatimes.com.au/news/kuch-bhi-ho-sakta-hai-anupam-kher%E2%80%99s-life-struggle/ |title=Kuch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai: Anupam Kher's life struggle |author=Sanjay Mukherjee says |publisher=Southasiatimes.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706112307/http://www.southasiatimes.com.au/news/kuch-bhi-ho-sakta-hai-anupam-kher%E2%80%99s-life-struggle/ |archive-date=6 July 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref> He taught drama in [[Raj Bisaria]]'s [[Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts|Bharatendu Natya Akademi]] in [[Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh]] for a small part in his directorial debut movie ''Sheeshay ka Ghar''.<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/sheeshay-ka-ghar-1988 |title=Sheeshay Ka Ghar |website=bbfc.co.uk |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731063436/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/sheeshay-ka-ghar-1988 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In his early struggling days as an actor in Bombay (present-day Mumbai), he reportedly slept on a railway platform for a month.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Anupam Kher |url=http://vision.ae/views/anupam_kher |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121213846/http://vision.ae/views/anupam_kher |archive-date=21 November 2015 |access-date=29 October 2015 |website=Vision.ae}}</ref>

==Acting career==
{{Further|Anupam Kher filmography}}

===Debut and early career (1984–1988)===

Anupam Kher made his acting debut in 1984 with [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s [[Drama (genre)|drama]] film ''[[Saaransh]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Mahesh Bhatt: Stories of His Life |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/5301-interview-with-mahesh-bhatt-stories-of-his-life.html |publisher=IndiaWest |date=2 July 2012 |access-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513011908/http://www.indiawest.com/news/5301-interview-with-mahesh-bhatt-stories-of-his-life.html |archive-date=13 May 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It didn't perform well commercially, but was a huge critical success and was chosen as [[India]]'s official entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref name="FI1984">{{cite web |url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Information-1984-Classifica.jpg |title=FI Classification (1984)}}</ref><ref name="academy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/history01.html |title=History of the Academy Awards – Page 1 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413201500/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/history01.html |archive-date=13 April 2008 |access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref> Kher received widespread acclaim for his portraying a 60-year-old man trying to come to terms with the loss of his only son and won his first and only [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].<ref name="FA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |title=All Filmfare Awards Winners}}</ref> The following year, however, none of his films performed well critically or commercially with [[Rahul Rawail]]'s [[Action (genre)|action drama]] ''[[Arjun (1985 film)|Arjun]]'' co-starring [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Dimple Kapadia]] being the exception.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From 'Betaab' To 'Border', And 'Gadar 2', 9 Times Sunny Deol Hit Bull's Eye At Box-Office |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/web-stories/from-betaab-to-border-and-gadar-2-6-times-sunny-deol-hit-bulls-eye-at-box-office/slideshow/103349546.cms |access-date=8 May 2024 |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> This changed in 1986 when he co-starred alongside [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in [[K. Bhagyaraj]]'s [[crime drama]] ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]'' and played the ruthless villain "Dr. Michael Dang" in [[Subhash Ghai]]'s ensemble actioner ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'', which had [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Sridevi]] in the lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anil-kapoor-celebrates-38-years-of-karma-with-rare-pics-from-sets/articleshow/112384657.cms |title=Anil Kapoor celebrates 38 years of 'Karma' with rare pics from sets |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Of-wit-and-humour/article15608197.ece |title=Of wit and humour |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=25 December 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> While the former was a hit, ''Karma'' went on to become a blockbuster and Kher was noticed by the audience.<ref name=TG1986>{{cite web |url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-Classifications-1986-1.jpg |title=Trade Guide Classification}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anupam-kher-my-walk-made-me-dr-dang-in-karma-634177 |title=Anupam Kher: My walk made me Dr Dang in Karma |date=19 July 2013}}</ref> The same year, he played supporting role in another major commercial success, which was - ''[[Insaaf Ki Awaaz]]''.<ref name=TG1986/>

In 1987, he appeared alongside [[Rekha]] and [[Raj Babbar]] in [[T. Rama Rao]]'s family drama ''[[Sansar (1987 film)|Sansar]]'', which was a commercially successful venture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-Classification-1987.jpg |title=Trade Guide Classification 1987}}</ref> In 1988, he played negative roles in films, such as ''[[Hatya]]'', ''[[Zakhmi Aurat]]'' and ''[[Tezaab]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/romantics-yash-chopra-talks-struggles-faced-releasing-chandni-one-distributor-refused-release-film-lot-messages-passed-another-flop-coming/ |title=The Romantics: Yash Chopra talks about the STRUGGLES he faced while releasing Chandni: "One distributor refused to release the film. A lot of messages were passed that Another flop is coming. Dont give them theatres" : Bollywood News |date=15 February 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tezaab-acid |title=Tezaab (1988) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Out of these releases, ''Hatya'' and ''Zakhmi Aurat'' were semi-hits, while the lattermost went many steps ahead and emerged a blockbuster as well as the [[List of Indian films of 1988|highest earning film of that year]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/FI-1988-Classifications.jpg |title=Film Information Classification (1988)}}</ref> Kher's other notable release of 1988, ''Vijay'' failed at the box office, but won him his first and only [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref name="filmfare-awards">{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |title=Filmfare Awards Winners from 1953 to 2020}}</ref>

===Breakthrough, public recognition and awards success (1989–2001)===

After many years of lukewarm critical and commercial success, Kher became a household name in 1989 when he starred in Subhash Ghai's [[masala film]] ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'', [[Rajiv Rai]]'s action drama ''[[Tridev]]'', [[Yash Chopra]]'s [[Romance film|romantic musical]] ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'', [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'s crime drama ''[[Parinda]]'' and [[Pankaj Parashar]]'s [[Comedy (genre)|comedy drama]] ''[[ChaalBaaz]]''. All the films proved to be critically and commercially successful, especially ''Ram Lakhan'', ''Tridev'' and ''Chandni'', all three of which backed up with chartbuster music, emerged blockbusters at the box office and were among the top five highest-grossing films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/flashback-13-october-2023-from-our-issue-dated-17th-october-1998/ |title=Blockbusters Of Twenty-Five Years (1973–1997) |date=13 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Music Hits 1980–1989 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |date=5 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042958/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5 |archive-date=5 February 2010}}</ref> Apart from commercial projects, Kher also collaborated with Mahesh Bhatt for the art-house [[Television|television film]] ''[[Daddy (1989 film)|Daddy]]'', which like their previous collaboration ''Saaransh'' met with immense acclaim and won Kher his first [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award]] as well as [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Critics)]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=Pooja Bhatt On The Irony Of Having Saved' An Alcoholic Father In Daddy Only To Battle Drinking Problem Herself |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pooja-bhatt-on-the-irony-of-having-saved-an-alcoholic-father-in-daddy-only-to-battle-drinking-proble-1838862 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=9 November 2018 |date=17 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="HTJune">{{cite news |last1=Kaushal |first1=Sweta |title=On Father's Day, revisiting Mahesh Bhatt's autobiographical film Daddy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-father-s-day-revisiting-mahesh-bhatt-s-autobiographical-film-daddy/story-uUEP8OQYP2HgdeSJzegzBI.html |access-date=9 November 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=17 June 2018}}</ref> The following year, he starred in [[Indra Kumar]]'s blockbuster [[Romance film|romantic comedy]] ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'', which had [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6063 |title=On This Day: Dil v Ghayal Clash |date=22 June 2020}}</ref> For his performance of a greedy father in ''Dil'', Kher received his third nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] category.<ref name=FA/> In 1991, he appeared in highly successful films, including ''[[Saudagar (1991 film)|Saudagar]]'', ''[[Saathi (1991 film)|Saathi]]'', ''[[Hum (1991 film)|Hum]]'' and ''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-1991-Classifications-P1.jpg |title=Trade Guide Classification (1991)}}</ref> He also collaborated with Yash Chopra for the romantic drama ''[[Lamhe (1991 film)|Lamhe]]'', which was a commercial failure, but received positive reception from critics and is now considered a cult classic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6153 |title=The Top Actor of 2020 |date=9 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Yahoo |title=Top 10 romantic movies |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/top-10-romantic-movies-slideshow/top-10-romantic-movies-photo-1328685356.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302194504/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/top-10-romantic-movies-slideshow/top-10-romantic-movies-photo-1328685356.html |archive-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> Kher's performances in ''Saudagar'' and ''Lamhe'' earned him nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] category.<ref name=Filmfare>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953 |access-date=6 August 2019 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

His other box office hits of this period, include ''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]'' (1992), ''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]'' (1992), ''[[Lootere]]'' (1993), ''[[Waqt Hamara Hai]]'' (1993), ''[[Khalnayak]]'' (1993), ''[[Hum Hain Kamaal Ke]]'' (1993), ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]'' (1993) and ''[[Darr]]'' (1993).<ref name="Filmography">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=170 |title=Anupam Kher (Filmography) - Box Office India}}</ref> He then appeared in [[Sooraj Barjatya]]'s ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994) and [[Aditya Chopra]]'s ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995).<ref name="toi800">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/800-weeks-of-DDLJ/articleshow/6259881.cms |title=800 weeks of DDLJ |last=Lalwani, Vickey |date=5 August 2010 |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625211810/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/800-weeks-of-DDLJ/articleshow/6259881.cms |archive-date=25 June 2015}}</ref> Both the films did extremely well at the box office and emerged ''All Time Blockbusters'' as well as the highest and second highest-grossing film of all time, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6074 |title=Rewind - Twenty Six Years Of Hum Aapke Hain Koun...! |date=6 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6093 |title=Rewind - Twenty Five Years Of Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge |date=20 October 2020}}</ref> For his performance in the former, Kher received another nomination in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] category.<ref name="Film">{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=Filmfare Awards (1953–2005) |access-date=5 November 2007 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the late-1990s, he continued to play supporting roles in critically and commercially successful ventures, such as ''[[Judwaa]]'' (1997), ''[[Ziddi (1997 film)|Ziddi]]'' (1997), ''[[Deewana Mastana]]'' (1997), ''[[Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' (1998), ''[[China Gate (1998 film)|China Gate]]'' (1998), ''[[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]]'' (1999) and ''[[Haseena Maan Jaayegi]]'' (1999).<ref name="Filmography"/>

Kher began the new decade playing antagonist in [[Rakesh Roshan]]'s [[Romance film|romantic blockbuster]] ''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]'' which made [[Hrithik Roshan]] a star.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=711 |title=KAHO NAA... PYAAR HAI - Movie - Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Actors |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219165002/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=19 February 2008 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Box Office India}}</ref> He followed it with four more major successes the same year with ''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'', ''[[Kya Kehna]]'', ''[[Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai]]'' and ''[[Mohabbatein]]''.<ref name="Filmography"/> In 2001, he had another hit in ''[[Jodi No.1 (film)|Jodi No.1]]'' and received praise for his performance in ''[[Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein]]'', which did not do well commercially, but went on to attain cult status in later years.<ref name="Filmography"/><ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangs of Wasseypur' to 'RHTDM': List of cult classic re-releasing on August 30 |url=https://www.editorji.com/entertainment-news/gangs-of-wasseypur-to-rhtdm-list-of-cult-classic-re-releasing-on-august-30-1724920704481 |access-date=31 August 2024 |website=Editorji |language=en}}</ref>

===Expansion to Hollywood and further acclaim (2002–2018)===

In 2002, Kher starred in his first [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] project which was [[Gurinder Chadha]]'s [[Sport film|sports comedy drama]] ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What the cast of Bend It Like Beckham looks like now |url=https://www.who.com.au/cast-bend-it-like-beckham-now |website=Who |date=4 September 2018 |language=en-us |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311165716/https://www.who.com.au/cast-bend-it-like-beckham-now |url-status=live}}</ref> The film proved to be a critical and commercial success grossing around $76.6 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bend-it-Like-Beckham#tab=summary |title=Bend it Like Beckham (2002) – Financial Information |access-date=2 June 2022 |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602102341/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bend-it-Like-Beckham#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Turan |first1=Kenneth |title=Bend it Like Beckham: Movie Review |url=http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-et-turan12mar12,0,1968425.story |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124103750/http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-et-turan12mar12%2C0%2C1968425.story |archive-date=24 November 2007 |date=12 March 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
After gap of an year, he reunited with Chadha for ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'', which too was a successful venture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=brideandprejudice.htm |title=Bride and Prejudice (2005) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=26 May 2005 |access-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> His final collaboration with Chadha took place in 2005 with ''[[The Mistress of Spices]]'', which unlike their previous ventures was panned by critics and didn't do well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&country=U3&id=_fMISTRESSOFSPICES01 |title=The Mistress of Spices}}</ref><ref>[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1176223-mistress_of_spices/ The Mistress of Spices - Rotten Tomatoes]</ref>

During this period, Kher continued to star in notable Hindi films, such as ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004), ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum]]'' (2005) and received immense acclaim and his second [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award]] for the 2005 film ''[[Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara]]'' (which he also produced).<ref name="Filmography"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/why-anupam-kher-won-t-return-his-national-awards/story-zNz14I7XvzSet0OiqcRTVM.html |title=Why Anupam Kher won't return his National Awards |date=29 October 2015 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
In the latter-half of the 2000s, he appeared in critically and commercially successful [[Bollywood]] ventures, including ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' (2006), ''[[Chup Chup Ke]]'' (2006), ''[[Vivah]]'' (2006), ''[[Khosla Ka Ghosla]]'' (2006), ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]'' (2006), ''[[A Wednesday!]]'' (2008), ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' (2009) and made his [[Cinema of China|Chinese]] film debut with ''[[Lust, Caution]]'' (2007), which too was a box office hit grossing around $67.1 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office for NC-17 Movies |url=https://m.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/mpaa-ratings/nc-17-(us) |access-date=4 December 2021 |website=The Numbers}}</ref>

In the following decade, Kher did films of varied genres and found box office success in ''[[Dabangg]]'' (2010), ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'' (2011), ''[[Kya Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' (2012), ''[[Chashme Baddoor (2013 film)|Chashme Baddoor]]'' (2013), ''[[Singham Returns]]'' (2014), ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' (2015), ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016), ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2017) and ''[[Judwaa 2]]'' (2017).<ref name="Filmography"/> He also received praise for his performances in ''[[Badmaash Company]]'' (2010), ''[[Chaar Din Ki Chandni]]'' (2012), ''[[Special 26]]'' (2013), ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' (2014), ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' (2015), ''[[Buddha in a Traffic Jam]]'' (2016), ''[[Indu Sarkar]]'' (2017) and ''[[Love Sonia]]'' (2018). For ''Special 26'', he received a nomination in the Best Supporting Actor category at [[59th Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-5138.html |title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards nominations |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |date=13 January 2014 |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> During this period, he also made his [[Malayalam]] film debut with [[Blessy]]'s ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'' (2011), played supporting roles in blockbuster Hollywood ventures, including ''[[Silver Linings Playbook]]'' (2012) and ''[[The Big Sick]]'' (2017) and received a nomination in the [[BAFTA]] [[British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] category for his performance in ''[[The Boy With The Topknot]]'' (2017).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thebigsick.htm |title=The Big Sick (2017) |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1045658/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |title=Silver Linings Playbook (2012) |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=IMDb |access-date=3 May 2013 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203508/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=silverliningsplaybook.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/hollywood-bafta-2018-nomination-list-anupam-kher-bags-nod-for-the-boy-in-top-knot-435870 |title=Anupam Kher bags BAFTA Awards 2018 nomination for The Boy with the Topknot; Here's the Complete List |date=4 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Work in regional industries and continued success (2019–present)===

In 2019, Kher appeared in ''[[The Accidental Prime Minister (film)|The Accidental Prime Minister]]'' and ''[[One Day: Justice Delivered]]'', both of which were critical and commercial failures.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/one-day-justice-delivered-movie-review-rating-5816181/ |title=One Day Justice Delivered movie review: Case dismissed |first=Shubhra |last=Gupta |date=6 July 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/the-accidental-prime-minister-movie-review-a-silent-disappointment/ |title=The Accidental Prime Minister Movie Review: A Silent Disappointment! |last=Punwani |first=Umesh |date=11 January 2019 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Filmography"/>

After a gap of almost 3 years, he returned to the big screen playing one of the leads in [[Vivek Agnihotri]]'s ''[[The Kashmir Files]]'' (2022). It received polarising response from critics, but proved to be a huge blockbuster and got Kher a nomination in the Best Actor category at [[68th Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="Filmography"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations For The 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023 With Maharashtra Tourism |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |access-date=24 April 2023 |work=Filmfare |date=24 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424083516/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The same year he appeared in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Karthikeya 2]]'', which also emerged a blockbuster at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2022 |title=Year Ender 2022: RRR సహా 2022లో టాలీవుడ్ బాక్సాఫీస్ దగ్గర హిట్టైన చిత్రాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/year-ender-2022-tollywood-box-office-hit-films-report-bangarraju-dj-tillu-rrr-kgf-2-major-dhamaka-hit-2-bimbisara-karthikeya2-movies-got-success-ta-1559562-page-13.html |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref> In 2023, he appeared in the successful Malayalam comedy ''[[Voice of Sathyanathan]]'' and [[Kannada]] actioner ''[[Ghost (2023 film)|Ghost]]'', which too did well.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2023 |title='Voice of Sathyanathan' box office collections: Dileep starrer crosses 21.70 crores worldwide |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box-office/voice-of-sathyanathan-box-office-collections-dileep-starrer-crosses-21-70-crores-worldwide/articleshow/103866780.cms |access-date=23 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=nirmal |title='ജയിലര്‍' ശിവണ്ണയുടെ താരമൂല്യം ശരിക്കും ഉയര്‍ത്തിയോ? 'ഗോസ്റ്റ്' വിജയമോ? 17 ദിവസം കൊണ്ട് നേടിയത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/shiva-rajkumar-starring-ghost-movie-box-office-collection-mg-srinivas-jayaram-sandesh-productions-nsn-s3nujb |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref>

This was followed by a series of box office duds like ''[[Shiv Shastri Balboa]]'' (2023), ''[[IB71]]'' (2023), ''[[The Vaccine War]]'' (2023), ''[[Emergency (2025 film)|Emergency]]'' (2025) and ''[[Tumko Meri Kasam]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IB 71 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ib-71/box-office/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Tina |last=Das |title=Kangana's 'Emergency' crosses 10 crore—a lesser flop than her last few films |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=20 January 2025 |url=https://theprint.in/feature/kanganas-emergency-crosses-10-crore-lesser-flop-than-last-few-films/2454061/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120141606/https://theprint.in/feature/kanganas-emergency-crosses-10-crore-lesser-flop-than-last-few-films/2454061/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other works==
Kher ventured into directing with ''[[Om Jai Jagadish]]'' (2002) and has been a producer. He produced and starred in the film ''[[Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara]]'' (2005). From October 2003 to October 2004, he served as chairman of the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian Film Censor Board]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/list-of-chairpersons.html |title=List of Chairpersons |website=cbfcindia.gov.in |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235354/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/list-of-chairpersons.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011 Kher released his first book ''The Best Thing About You is You!'', which was a best-seller. His biography ''Lessons Life Taught Me Unknowingly'' was published on 5 August 2019 by [[Penguin Random House]]. In 2020, he wrote ''Your Best Day Is Today!'', based on his experiences of the [[COVID-19]] crisis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anupam Kher pens autobiography Lessons Life Taught Me Unknowingly; book to hit stands on 5 August |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anupam-kher-pens-autobiography-lessons-life-taught-me-unknowingly-book-to-hit-stands-on-5-august-6872071.html |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=Firstpost |date=24 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anupam Kher presents his book 'Your Best Day Is Today!' to Ruskin Bond |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/anupam-kher-presents-his-book-your-best-day-is-today-to-ruskin-bond-7110323/ |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=18 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anupam Kher reacts to Anurag Kashyap's comment on 'The Kashmir Files' |language=en |work=abcFRY.com |url=https://abcfry.com/anupam-kher-reacts-to-anurag-kashyaps-comment-on-the-kashmir-files/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907064131/https://abcfry.com/anupam-kher-reacts-to-anurag-kashyaps-comment-on-the-kashmir-files/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Your Best Day Is Today! Hardcover – 5 December 2020 |id={{ASIN|9388302540 |country=in}}}}</ref> Remembering his father on his 9th [[death anniversary]], he presented a poem written by [[Lucknow]]-based Poet [[Pankaj Prasun]] and posted it on social media.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anupam Kher remembers father on ninth death anniversary, recites heartfelt poem |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/anupam-kher-remembers-father-on-ninth-death-anniversary-recites-heartfelt-poem-683921/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |date=10 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Kher hosted TV shows such as ''Say Na Something To Anupam Uncle'', ''[[Sawaal Dus Crore Ka]]'' and ''[[Lead India]]''. In 2014, Kher has written and starred in a play about his own life called ''[[The Anupam Kher Show – Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai|Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai]]'', which was directed by [[Feroz Abbas Khan]].<ref name=KBHSH/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/15anupam.htm |title=Anupam Kher, like never before! |work=Rediff.com |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118032445/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/15anupam.htm |archive-date=18 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, Anupam Kher was a narrator in the [[ABP News]] documentary TV series ''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'',<ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 2016 |title=Anupam Kher to host TV show 'Bharatvarsh' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-to-host-tv-show-bharatvarsh-2981422/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728074846/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-to-host-tv-show-bharatvarsh-2981422/ |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 August 2016 |title=Anupam Kher to host historic show titled 'Bharatvarsh' on TV |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/20833679 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917052151/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/20833679 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> which showcased the journey from [[Outline of ancient India|ancient India]] to the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 August 2016 |title=Anupam Kher will take you into the past with his new TV show Bharatvarsh |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/anupam-kher-will-take-you-into-the-past-with-his-new-tv-show-bharatvarsh/story-J3slMMaJR94j7sceKZfbSJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728075155/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/anupam-kher-will-take-you-into-the-past-with-his-new-tv-show-bharatvarsh/story-J3slMMaJR94j7sceKZfbSJ.html |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Hindustantimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 2016 |title=Anupam Kher's new TV show Bharatvarsh: All you need to know about the series |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/anupam-khers-new-tv-show-bharatvarsh-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-series-2961770.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101212417/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/anupam-khers-new-tv-show-bharatvarsh-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-series-2961770.html |archive-date=1 November 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Discover-India-with-Anupam-Kher/articleshow/6020216.cms |title=Anupam Kher to host interactive quiz show 'Discover India' |date=8 June 2010 |access-date=30 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104003245/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-08/news-interviews/28311556_1_anupam-kher-quiz-discover-india |archive-date=4 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> In late 2016, Anupam Kher produced ''[[Khwaabon Ki Zamin Par]]'', a TV drama airing on [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/anupam-kher-does-a-cameo-in-his-debut-tv-production-khwaabon-ki-zamin-par/story-iW3Nf0KSlRZvLmvTFhBA9O.html |title=Anupam Kher does a cameo in his debut TV production Khwaabon Ki Zamin Par |date=10 October 2016 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731053113/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/anupam-kher-does-a-cameo-in-his-debut-tv-production-khwaabon-ki-zamin-par/story-iW3Nf0KSlRZvLmvTFhBA9O.html |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Starting in fall of 2018, Anupam Kher starred in NBC medical drama TV series ''[[New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)|New Amsterdam]]''<ref>{{cite web |date=12 October 2018 |title=NBC picks Anupam Kher's US TV show New Amsterdam for a full season |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/anupam-kher-new-amsterdam-nbc-full-season-5398467/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013022816/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/anupam-kher-new-amsterdam-nbc-full-season-5398467/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> as Dr. Vijay Kapoor (a neurologist). He also appeared as Shahbaz Karim in the [[BBC1]] drama ''[[Mrs Wilson]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anupam Kher's British mini-series Mrs Wilson premieres on BBC One |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/nov/28/17124/anupam-kher-s-british-mini-series-mrs-wilson-premieres-on-bbc-one |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225856/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/nov/28/17124/anupam-kher-s-british-mini-series-mrs-wilson-premieres-on-bbc-one |archive-date=15 December 2018 |access-date=12 December 2018 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> Kher is the founder of Actor Prepares, an acting institute based in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=SNS |date=10 May 2022 |title=Anupam Kher's Actor Prepares select 25 youth from NGO for a special workshop to learn theatre |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/theatre/anupam-khers-actor-prepares-select-25-youth-ngo-special-workshop-learn-theatre-1503070278.html |work=The Statesman |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kher married actress Madhumati Kapoor in 1979, but divorced after a few years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Ramesh |title=कहां हैं अनुपम खेर की पहली पत्नी? कई फिल्मों में किया काम, टूट चुकी है दूसरी शादी, अब जी रहीं ऐसी जिंदगी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bollywood-anupam-kher-first-wife-madhumalti-kapoor-who-was-actress-in-hindi-cinema-spending-her-old-age-alone-know-divorce-reason-5459135-page-2.html |access-date=10 September 2023 |work=News18 |date=8 March 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> In 1985, he married actress [[Kirron Kher]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anupam Kher shares wedding pic to wish wife Kirron Kher on anniversary, says 'loved the lived quality of our lives together' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anupam-kher-shares-wedding-pic-to-wish-wife-kirron-kher-on-anniversary-says-loved-the-lived-quality-of-our-lives-together/story-GyLFIMQzLC2dWnbcp5xTXO.html |date=26 August 2019 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204094208/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anupam-kher-shares-wedding-pic-to-wish-wife-kirron-kher-on-anniversary-says-loved-the-lived-quality-of-our-lives-together/story-GyLFIMQzLC2dWnbcp5xTXO.html |url-status=live}}</ref> who is a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Chandigarh]], belonging to the [[BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-on-kirron-i-dont-get-to-meet-my-wife-much-now/ |title=Anupam Kher on Kirron: I don't get to meet my wife much now |date=2 July 2014 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062727/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-on-kirron-i-dont-get-to-meet-my-wife-much-now/ |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=TOI>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/anupam-kher-a-retake-of-lifes-scenes/articleshow/15884674.cms |title=Anupam Kher: A retake of life's scenes |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=31 May 2007 |first=Anubha |last=Sawhney |date=13 July 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608130811/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/Anupam-Kher-A-retake-of-lifes-scenes/articleshow/15884674.cms |archive-date=8 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her son, his stepson, is actor [[Sikandar Kher]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sikandar-kher-reveals-why-he-cant-ask-anupam-kher-to-recommend-his-name-for-films-2000691 |title=Sikandar Kher Reveals Why He Can't Ask Anupam Kher To 'Recommend His Name' For Films |website=NDTV.com |date=7 March 2017 |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062727/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sikandar-kher-reveals-why-he-cant-ask-anupam-kher-to-recommend-his-name-for-films-2000691 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, he was appointed as the goodwill ambassador of the [[Pratham]] Education Foundation, which strives to improve children's education in India.<ref name="Anupam Kher tells us about his new role">{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/06/anupam-khers-new-role.htm |title=Anupam Kher's new role |publisher=movies.rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007074237/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/06/anupam-khers-new-role.htm |archive-date=7 October 2010 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 October 2010}}</ref> Kher is an ardent supporter of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/don-t-mind-being-called-chamcha-of-narendra-modi-anupam-kher/story-98vyBaWqob1gXRm1q6dKoN.html |title=Don't mind being called 'chamcha' of Narendra Modi: Anupam Kher |date=12 March 2016 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062724/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/don-t-mind-being-called-chamcha-of-narendra-modi-anupam-kher/story-98vyBaWqob1gXRm1q6dKoN.html |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/anupam-kher-meets-narendra-modi-says-pms-vision-for-india-is-reassuring-2211993.html |title=Anupam Kher Meets Narendra Modi, Says PM's Vision for India is Reassuring |website=News18 |date=July 2019 |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731062724/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/anupam-kher-meets-narendra-modi-says-pms-vision-for-india-is-reassuring-2211993.html |archive-date=31 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 September 2021, Kher was awarded an [[Honorary degree|honorary]] [[doctorate degree]] in [[Philosophy]] of [[Hindu Studies]] by the [[Hindu University of America]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 September 2021 |title='Address me as Dr Kher': Proud Anupam Kher welcomes honorary doctorate by Hindu University of America |website=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/address-me-as-dr-kher-proud-anupam-kher-welcomes-honorary-doctorate-by-hindu-university-of-america/articleshow/86358302.cms |access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Anupam Kher}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anupam Kher}}
* {{official website|https://theanupamkher.com/}} – Anupam kher
* {{IMDb name|0451600}}
*[http://www.anupamkherfoundation.org/ Anupam Kher Foundation]
* [http://www.actorprepares.net/ Anupam Kher's Actor Prepares]
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
}}
{{Anupam Kher}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Anupam Kher
| list =
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{National Film Award Special Jury Award feature film}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor}}
{{Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor}}
{{ScreenAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kher, Anupam}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:National School of Drama]]
[[Category:Indian drama teachers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Actors from Shimla]]
[[Category:Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Kashmiri actors]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Film directors from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh University alumni]]

GoTa

2026-01-25T02:34:34Z

Luisa35774: slightly improve details as per guidelines and cleaned formatting based on references

In [[telephony]], '''GoTa''' or “Global Open Trunking Architecture” is a [[CDMA]]-based [[Trunked radio systems|digital trunking system]]. The GoTA system was developed by [[ZTE]], a Chinese manufacturer. It was approved as a [[China Communications Standards Association|CCSA]] standard<ref name=GOTA>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccsa.org.cn/english/show_article.php?article_id=cyzx_eeac409a-f7f1-cd66-a21d-4dede51d29e5|title=YDT 1838-2008 Technical Requirements of Air Interface for the CDMA-based Digital Trunking Mobile Communication System|accessdate=2012-12-30|archive-date=2012-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808173616/http://www.ccsa.org.cn/english/show_article.php?article_id=cyzx_eeac409a-f7f1-cd66-a21d-4dede51d29e5|url-status=dead}}</ref> by the [[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology|China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]] in 2008 and accepted as an international standard by the [[ITU]] in 2012.<ref name="tel">{{Cite web |url=http://www.telecoms.com/55319/zte%E2%80%99s-gota-accepted-by-itu-report/ |title=ZTE’s GoTa Accepted by ITU Report |access-date=2012-12-23 |archive-date=2012-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215190613/http://www.telecoms.com/55319/zte%E2%80%99s-gota-accepted-by-itu-report/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The GoTA system can be used for both private and public trunking network applications.

GoTa is capable of providing a variety of [[trunking]] services:
*One-to-one private calls and one-to-many group calls
*The ability to set the user's priority
*The ability to perform forced insertion/forced release based on the user's priority
*The ability to provide special services such as system paging, group paging, sub-group paging, and dedicated [[Push to talk|Push-To-Talk]] services as required
*The ability to classify the groups into permanent and temporary groups, in which the group members can be managed by the user.

In addition to trunking service, GoTa can provide value-added services such as short messages, location-based services and other data services. The original GoTa standard was developed for the [[CDMA frequency bands|800 MHz]] band. GoTa is adapted to work in the 450 MHz band as well.

==Notes==
PTT PoC or [[Push to talk]] over Cellular is a feature similar to [[walkie-talkie]] that is provided over a cellular phone network.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Two-way radio}}
{{Trunked radio systems}}

[[Category:Trunked radio systems| ]]
[[Category:Telephony]]
[[Category:Mobile telecommunications standards]]

Abhimanyu Puranik

2026-01-20T18:38:57Z

Luisa35774: stub

{{short description|Indian chess grandmaster (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Abhimanyu Puranik
| image = Abhimanyu Puranik (2020) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Abhimanyu Puranik in 2020
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|2000|2|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| title = [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2017)
| peakrating = 2652 (November 2024)
| peakranking = No. 79 (November 2024)
| FideID = 5061245
}}

'''Abhimanyu Samir Puranik''' ({{langx|mr|अभिमन्यु पुराणिक}}; born 11 February 2000, [[Mumbai]]) is an Indian [[chess grandmaster]] (GM, 2017).<ref>{{cite web |title=Puranik, Abhimanyu |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5061245 |publisher=International Chess Federation |access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2016 and 2018, Puranik scored 5.5 points out of 9 in the main tournament of the ''Isle of Man Open'' chess festival.<ref>[https://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/chess.com-isle-of-man-international-2018 chess.com Isle of Man International 2018]</ref> In January 2019, he shared 1st-4th place at the IIFL Wealth Mumbai Open international chess tournament with 7 points out of 9 and finished third in the tie-break.<ref>[https://theweekinchess.com/html/twic1261.html#5 The Week in Chess 1261]</ref> Then in July 2019, he took 2nd place in the ''Bienne chess festival'' open tournament.<ref>[https://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/52nd-biel-chess-festival-2019 52nd Biel Chess Festival 2019]</ref>

In 2018, Puranik was runner-up at the [[World Junior Chess Championship]].<ref>[https://aicf.in/abhimanyu-puranik-bags-silver-in-world-junior-chess/ GM Abhimanyu Puranik bags Silver in World Junior Chess]</ref> In 2021, with the Indian team, he won the Asian Students Team Championship.<ref>[https://www.punekarnews.in/pune-grandmaster-abhimanyu-puranik-wins-gold-medal/ Pune: Grandmaster Abhimanyu Puranik Wins Gold Medal]</ref>

In 2021, in [[Riga]] Puranik won the rapid chess tournament at the festival ''[[Riga Technical University Open]]''.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/puranik-wins-rapid-chess-title-as-indians-dominate-in-riga/articleshow/85188740.cms Puranik wins rapid chess title as Indians dominate in Riga]</ref>

In October 2019, in [[Isle of Man]] Puranik finished 105th in the ''[[FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 2019|FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament]]''.<ref>[https://chess-results.com/tnr478041.aspx?lan=11&art=4&turdet=YES&flag=30&zeilen=99999 FIDE Chess.com Grand Swiss 2019]</ref>

Puranik was silver medalist of the Bangladesh Team Championship 2021 with the ''Shaheen Chess Club'', also became the best player on the second board at the tournament, scoring 8 out of 10 possible points.<ref>[https://chessbase.in/news/The-story-of-Abhimanyu-Puranik- The Pride of Pune: Abhimanyu Puranik]</ref>

For his success in tournaments, the [[FIDE]] awarded Abhimanyu Puranik the title of International Master (IM) in 2015 and International Grandmaster (GM) in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Sagar |title=India gets its 49th grandmaster - Abhimanyu Puranik! |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/49th-gm-of-india-abhimanyu-puranik/ |publisher=[[ChessBase]] |date=2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{fide|id=5061245}}
*{{chessgames player|id=134922}}
*{{365Chess.com player|Abhimanyu_Puranik}}

{{Indian grandmasters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puranik, Abhimanyu}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Chess players from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

{{India-chess-bio-stub}}

Lathika

2026-01-08T00:18:55Z

Luisa35774: expanded intro per sources per standard format

{{short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{blp refimprove|date=December 2025}}
{{About||the 2011 film|Lathika (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image = LatikaDSC 0235.jpg
| image_size =
| birth_name = Lathika
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|12 November 1959}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Unforgettable Lathika |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2010 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Unforgettable-Lathika/article16614569.ece}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], India
| death_date =
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Carnatic music]]
| occupation = Singer, lecturer
| years_active = 1976–present
| children =
}}

'''Lathika''' is an Indian playback singer. She has mainly worked on Malayalam and Tamil film songs, for over 300 films. Some of her hit songs of that time are ‘Kathodu Kathoram...' and ‘Devadoothar Padi...'(''[[Kathodu Kathoram]]''), ‘Poo Venam Pooppada Venam...' (''[[Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam]]''), and ‘Tharum Thalirum...' (''[[Chilambu]]'').<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Unforgettable-Lathika/article16614569.ece | title=Unforgettable Lathika | newspaper=The Hindu | date=25 March 2010 | first=Nita | last=Sathyendran | accessdate=2 September 2018 }}</ref>

==Personal life==

Lathika is born to Sadasivan Bhagavatham & Nalini in 1959.She is married to G.Rajendran since 1993.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==Career==

Lathika debuted at the age of 16 with the scene ''"Pushpathalpathin.."'' composed by [[Kannur Rajan]] for [[I. V. Sasi]]'s ‘Abhinandam' (1976). She sang the duet with [[K. J. Yesudas]], who, she says, has always been her mentor.
Over the years Lathika also has had the "good fortune" to sing in the debut films of some of the most famous composers in Malayalam including Ravindran Master (‘Choola'), Ouseppachan (‘Kathodu Kathoram') and S.P. Venkatesh (‘Rajavinte Makan').
Although Lathika, had earlier sung playback for a number of songs and was a star on the ganamela circuit in and around Kollam and Tamil Nadu, it wasn't until she was introduced to Bharathan that she began to be noticed in the music industry.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

It was music director [[Raveendran]], who introduced her to film director [[Bharathan]]. She sang the song ‘Varnangal Gandhangal...' in his ‘Chamaram' (1980), for which [[Raveendran|Raveendran Master]] composed this one song [the others were composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]. Then her turn came for the music production of ‘Ithiri Poove Chuvanna Poove' (1984) when they needed a female artist to hum a [[pallavi]]. In those days [[S. Janaki]] was the reigning melody queen and such a senior artist couldn't be brought in only to hum a few lines. That's when [[Raveendran]] suggested her name. She was called for an audition and [[Bharathan]] liked her voice so much that he gave her the song ‘Pon Pularoli...' to sing. From that time onwards, Bharathan ensured that Lathika got to sing in almost all his films, such as ‘Dum Dum Dum Dhundhubinatham...' (''[[Vaishali (film)|Vaishali]]'') and ‘Hridayaraga...' (''[[Amaram]]''), to name a few. Her last song for him was ‘Othiri Othiri Mohangal...' in ''[[Vengalam]]''. Nilaavinte poomgavil... from the movie 'Sreekrishna Parunthu' is one of her most popular song. Her other notable songs include ''''Poovulla Meda Kaanan'''....' from the film 'Pandu pandoru rajakumari' along with G. Venugopal, Aathma Sugandham from the movie 'Bhadrachitta' etc.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

Throughout her career, Lathika has had several songs credited to other singers, especially K.S. Chitra, by popular media and persons. This has been attributed to slight similarities between her songs and Chithra's. The singer has always been uncomplaining about the matter.

As of August 2016, her latest rendition for a movie is for a 2016 Malayalam movie [[Guppy (film)|Guppy]] in which she sang the song "Athiraliyum karakaviyum" along with [[Vijay Yesudas]].<ref>{{Citation|last=919radiomango|title=Guppy movie song ATHIRALIYUM|date=2016-08-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCCIJy2GYP4|accessdate=2016-08-27}}</ref>

In 2022, she received the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] in Light Music category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy awards declared |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-sangeetha-nataka-academy-awards-declared/article66675481.ece |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 March 2023 |language=}}</ref>

==Present Life==

Lathika worked as lecturer in music at the [[Swathi Thirunal College of Music|Swathi Thirunal College of Music, Thiruvananthapuram]] till her retirement in 2015.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*{{IMDb name|id=1810340}}
*[http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/php/displayProfile.php?category=singers&artist=Lathika Lathika at MSI]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lathika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kollam]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

Vishwa Kumar Gupta

2025-12-26T13:26:02Z

Luisa35774:

{{Short description|Indian homoeopathic physician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vishwa Kumar Gupta
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Sialkot undivided India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Homoeopathic physician
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Dr.Neelam Gupta
| domesticpartner =
| children = Dr.Shantanu Gupta, Dr.Shweta Gupta
| father = Om Prakash Gupta
| mother = Vidyawati gupta
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Vishwa Kumar Gupta''', is an Indian [[homoeopathic]] physician and former Principal of the Nehru Homoeopathic Medical College,<ref name="NHMC">{{cite web | url=http://www.nhmc.delhigovt.nic.in/ | title=NHMC | publisher=NHMC | date=2014 | access-date=26 October 2014 | archive-date=26 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026142028/http://www.nhmc.delhigovt.nic.in/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> New Delhi.<ref name="Similima">{{cite web | url=http://www.similima.com/padmasreeaward-to-homeopathy-doctor-vk-gupta | title=Similima | publisher=Similima | date=2013 | access-date=26 October 2014 | archive-date=26 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026144110/http://www.similima.com/padmasreeaward-to-homeopathy-doctor-vk-gupta | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Government of India]] honoured him, in 2013, by awarding him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of medicine.<ref name="Padma 2013">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91838 | title=Padma 2013 | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=25 January 2013 | access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
Vishwa Kumar Gupta, son of Om Prakash Gupta,<ref name="Delhi Homoeo Board" /> hails from Sialkot undivided India, and graduated (GHMS) in the alternative medicine system of homoeopathy from the city.<ref name="Delhi Homoeo Board">{{cite web | url=http://www.delhihomeoboard.com/doctors-list.php?zone=West | title=Delhi Homoeo Board | publisher=Delhi Homoeo Board | date=2014 | access-date=26 October 2014 | archive-date=26 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026144957/http://www.delhihomeoboard.com/doctors-list.php?zone=West | url-status=dead }}</ref> His career was mainly at the Nehru Homoeopathic Medical College, New Delhi from where he retired as the Principal.<ref name="Similima" />

[[File:Prof V.K.Gupta getting Padma Shri.jpg|thumb|The President, Pranab Mukherjee, presenting the Padma Shri Award to Dr. V.K.Gupta, at an Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 20th April 2013.]]

Gupta was the President of the ''Indian Institute of Homoeopathic Physicians'', (IIHP) for two consecutive two year terms, from 1998 to 2002.<ref name="Similima" /> He was a member of the Central Council of Homoeopathy<ref name="Central Council of Homoeopathy">{{cite web | url=http://www.cchindia.com/list-practitioners.htm | title=Central Council of Homoeopathy | publisher=Central Council of Homoeopathy | date=2014 | access-date=26 October 2014 | archive-date=26 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026144635/http://www.cchindia.com/list-practitioners.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> from 1990 to 1995,<ref name="Similima" /> has also served as a member of many committees of the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], for the [[Government of India]] projects<ref name="Similima" /> and was the honourable physician to the [[President of India]].<ref name="Similima" />

Gupta has attended many national and international conferences where he has presented scientific papers.<ref name="Similima" /> A recipient of the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]], in 2013,<ref name="Padma 2013" /> Gupta lives at Rajouri Garden, in New Delhi.<ref name="Delhi Homoeo Board" /><ref name="Central Council of Homoeopathy" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.theindianpanorama.com/2013/04/08/president-confers-padma-awards/ | title=Padma Awards List | publisher=Indian Panorama | date=2014 | access-date=12 October 2014}}
*Dhanwantri Award
*International Hahnemann Award

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Vishwa Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Indian homeopaths]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vishwa Kumar Gupta

2025-12-26T13:26:02Z

Luisa35774:

India at the 1980 Summer Olympics

2025-12-23T17:57:08Z

Luisa35774:

{{infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| games = Summer Olympics
| year = 1980
| flagcaption =
| oldcode =
| website =
| location = [[Moscow]]
| competitors = 76 (58 men, 18 women)
| sports = 8
| flagbearer =
| rank = 23
| gold = 1
| silver = 0
| bronze = 0
| officials =
| appearances = auto
| app_begin_year = 1900
| app_end_year =
| summerappearances =
| winterappearances =
| seealso =
}}
[[India]] competed at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/mohammed-shahid-was-the-reason-india-won-1980-olympics-gold-zafar-iqbal-1481560|title=Mohammed Shahid Was The Reason India Won 1980 Olympics Gold: Zafar Iqbal|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/last-olympic-gold-medal-won-indian-hockey-team-moscow-1980-soviet-union|title=India regains lost glory|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1980-olympics-india-sinks-spain-for-gold/article3649630.ece|title=India sinks spain for gold|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref>

== Competitors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Sports
!Men
!Women
!Total
!Events
|-
| align=left|[[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] ||9 ||2 ||11 ||12
|-
| align=left|[[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Basketball]] ||12 ||0 ||12 ||1
|-
| align=left|[[Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] ||3 ||0 ||3 ||3
|-
| align=left|[[Equestrian at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]] ||4 ||0 ||4 ||1
|-
| align=left|[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] ||16 ||16 ||32 ||2
|-
| align=left|[[Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] ||4 ||0 ||4 ||2
|-
| align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] ||2 ||0 ||2 ||2
|-
| align=left|[[Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] ||6 ||0 ||6 ||6
|- class="sortbottom"
!Total
!56
!18
!74
!29
|}

==Medalists==

===Field Hockey===
*[[Vasudevan Baskaran]] (captain), [[Allan Schofield]], [[Bir Bhadur Chettri]], [[Sylvanus Dung Dung]], [[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Davinder Singh]], [[Gurmail Singh (field hockey, born 1959)|Gurmail Singh]], [[Ravinder Pal Singh]], [[Sommayya Maneypande]], [[Maharaj Krishan Kaushik]], [[Charanjit Kumar]], [[Merwyn Fernandes]], [[Amarjit Singh Rana]], [[Mohamed Shahid]], [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]], and [[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder Singh Sodhi]] — [[Hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Field Hockey]], Men's Team Competition.

==Results by event==

===[[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Athletics]]===
'''Men's 200 metres'''
* [[Subramanian Perumal]]
:* Heat — 22.39 (→ did not advance)

'''Men's 800 metres'''
* [[Sriram Singh]]
:* Heat — 1:49.8
:* Semifinals — 1:49.0 (→ did not advance)

'''Men's 1,500 metres'''
*[[Sant Kumar]]
:* Heat — 3:55.6 (→ did not advance)

'''Men's 10,000 metres'''
*[[Hari Chand]]
:* Heat — 29:45.8 (→ did not advance)

'''Men's Marathon'''
* [[Hari Chand]]
:* Final — 2:22:08 (→ 31st place)

* [[Shivnath Singh]]
:* Final — did not finish (→ no ranking)

'''Men's Shot Put'''
* [[Bahadur Singh Chauhan]]
:* Qualification — 17.05 m (→ did not advance, 15th place)

'''Men's 20 km Walk'''
* [[Ranjit Singh (race walker)|Ranjit Singh]]
:* Final — 1:38:27.2 (→ 18th place)

'''Women's 100 metres'''
* [[P. T. Usha]]
:* Heat — 12.27 (→ did not advance)

'''Women's 800 metres'''
* [[Geeta Zutshi]]
:* Heat — 2:06.6 (→ did not advance)

'''Women's 1,500 metres'''
* [[Geeta Zutshi]]
:* Heat — did not start (→ did not advance)

===[[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Basketball]]===

*'''Team Roster''':
:* [[Parvez Irani Diniar]]
:* [[Chopra Ajmer Singh]]
:* [[Tarlok Sandhu Singh]]
:* [[Paramdip Singh]]
:* [[Shyam Radhey]]
:* [[Baldev Singh (basketball)|Baldev Singh]]
:* [[Dilip Gurumurthy]]
:* [[Paramjit Singh (basketball)|Paramjit Singh]]
:* [[Nagarajan Amarnath]]
:* [[Jorawar Singh]]
:* [[Rathore Uman Singh]]
:* [[Harbhajan Singh (basketball)|Harbhajan Singh]]

====Men's Team Competition====
====Group A====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220814113946/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/rid/726/sid/2940/tid/0/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/group-standing.html FIBA]
|winpoints=2
|update=complete
|for_against_style=points
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal average; 4) head-to-head number of points scored.
|team_order=URS, BRA, TCH, IND

|win_URS=3 |loss_URS=0 |pf_URS=321|pa_URS=235|status_URS=H
|win_BRA=2 |loss_BRA=1 |pf_BRA=297|pa_BRA=235
|win_TCH=1 |loss_TCH=2 |pf_TCH=285|pa_TCH=236
|win_IND=0 |loss_IND=3 |pf_IND=194|pa_IND=391

|name_BRA={{bk|BRA|1968}}
|name_IND={{bk|IND}}
|name_TCH={{bk|TCH}}
|name_URS={{bk|URS}}

|result1=SR |result2=SR |result3=CR |result4=CR

|res_col_header=Q
|col_SR=yellow1|text_SR=[[#Semi-final round|Semi-final round]]
|col_CR=red1 |text_CR=[[#Classification round|Classification round]]
}}

{{basketballbox
|date= 20 July 1980 |time = 20:15
|teamA = {{bk-rt|IND}} |scoreA = 65
|teamB = '''{{bk|URS}}''' |scoreB = '''121'''
|H1= 38–'''60''' |H2= 27–'''61'''
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023104351/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/2/grid/A/rid/726/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Olympic Stadium (Moscow arena)|Olympiiski]], [[Moscow]]
|points1= [[Ajmer Singh (basketball)|A. Singh]] 22
|points2= [[Nikolay Deryugin|Deryugin]], [[Aleksandr Salnikov|Salnikov]] 17
|rebounds1= [[Ajmer Singh (basketball)|A. Singh]] 5
|rebounds2= [[Nikolay Deryugin|Deryugin]] 10
|assist1= [[Hanuman Singh|Han. Singh]] 3
|assist2= [[Stanislav Yeryomin|Yeryomin]] 5
}}
----
{{basketballbox
|date= 21 July 1980 |time = 13:00
|teamA = '''{{bk-rt|TCH}}''' |scoreA = '''133'''
|teamB = {{bk|IND}} |scoreB = 65
|H1= '''63'''–36 |H2= '''70'''–29
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023104504/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/3/grid/A/rid/726/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Olympic Stadium (Moscow arena)|Olympiiski]], [[Moscow]]
|points1= [[Kamil Brabenec (basketball)|Brabenec]] 28
|points2= [[Ajmer Singh (basketball)|A. Singh]] 35
|rebounds1= [[Zdeněk Douša|Douša]], [[Stanislav Kropilák|Kropilák]] 6
|rebounds2= ''five players'' 2
|assist1= [[Jiří Pospíšil (basketball)|Pospíšil]] 8
|assist2= [[Hanuman Singh|Han. Singh]] 10
}}

----
{{basketballbox
|date= 23 July 1980 |time = 11:00
|teamA = '''{{bk-rt|BRA|1968}}''' |scoreA = '''137'''
|teamB = {{bk|IND}} |scoreB = 64
|H1= '''65'''–28 |H2= '''72'''–36
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119200121/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/5/grid/A/rid/726/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Olympic Stadium (Moscow arena)|Olympiiski]], [[Moscow]]
|points1= [[Oscar Schmidt|Schmidt]] 26
|points2= [[Radhey Shyam|Shyam]] 32
|rebounds1= [[Oscar Schmidt|Schmidt]] 13
|rebounds2= [[Ajmer Singh (basketball)|A. Singh]] 5
|assist1= [[Milton Setrini|Setrini]] 5
|assist2= [[Hanuman Singh|Han. Singh]] 4
}}

===Classification round===
Results between Poland vs. Senegal, Australia vs. Sweden and Czechoslovakia vs. India were carried over from the preliminary round.

{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170604053919/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/rid/727/sid/2940/tid/0/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/group-standing.html FIBA]
|winpoints=2
|update=complete
|for_against_style=points
|highest_pos=7
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal average; 4) head-to-head number of points scored.
|team7=POL |team8=AUS |team9=TCH |team10=SWE |team11=SEN |team12=IND

|win_POL=4 |loss_POL=1 |pf_POL=453|pa_POL=359
|win_AUS=4 |loss_AUS=1 |pf_AUS=417|pa_AUS=381
|win_TCH=3 |loss_TCH=2 |pf_TCH=474|pa_TCH=377
|win_SWE=3 |loss_SWE=2 |pf_SWE=375|pa_SWE=341
|win_SEN=1 |loss_SEN=4 |pf_SEN=345|pa_SEN=396
|win_IND=0 |loss_IND=5 |pf_IND=329|pa_IND=539

|name_AUS={{flagicon|IOC}} [[Australia men's national basketball team|Australia]]
|name_IND={{bk|IND}}
|name_POL={{bk|POL}}
|name_SEN={{bk|SEN}}
|name_SWE={{bk|SWE}}
|name_TCH={{bk|TCH}}
}}

{{Basketballbox
|date= 25 July 1980
|time= 11:00
|teamA= '''{{Bk-rt|POL}}''' |scoreA='''113'''
|teamB= {{Bk|IND}} |scoreB=67
|H1= '''63'''–33 |H2= '''50'''–34
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151009120857/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/1/grid/X/rid/727/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA|CSKA Sports Palace]], [[Moscow]]
}}

----
{{Basketballbox
|date= 26 July 1980
|time= 11:00
|teamA= '''{{Bk-rt|SEN}}''' |scoreA='''81'''
|teamB= {{Bk|IND}} |scoreB=59
|H1= '''37'''–31 |H2= '''44'''–28
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023110731/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/4/grid/X/rid/727/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA|CSKA Sports Palace]], [[Moscow]]
}}

----
{{Basketballbox
|date= 27 July 1980
|time= 11:00
|teamA= '''{{Bk-rt|SWE}}''' |scoreA='''119'''
|teamB= {{Bk|IND}} |scoreB=63
|H1= '''52'''–29 |H2= '''67'''–34
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023110509/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/7/grid/X/rid/727/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA|CSKA Sports Palace]], [[Moscow]]
}}

----
{{Basketballbox
|date= 28 July 1980
|time= 11:00
|teamA= {{Bk-rt|IND}} |scoreA=75
|teamB= {{flagicon|IOC}} [[Australia men's national basketball team|Australia]] |scoreB='''93'''
|H1= '''41'''–37 |H2= 34–'''56'''
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023110811/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/10/grid/X/rid/727/sid/2940/_/1980_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Boxscore]
|place= [[Alexander Gomelsky Universal Sports Hall CSKA|CSKA Sports Palace]], [[Moscow]]
}}

===[[Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Boxing]]===
'''Men's Light Flyweight (48 kg)'''
*[[Thapa Birender Singh]]
*# First Round — Lost to [[Dietmar Geilich]] (East Germany) on points (2-3)

'''Men's Flyweight (51 kg)'''
*[[Amala Dass]]
*# First Round — Lost to [[Yo Ryon-Sik]] (North Korea) on points (0-5)

'''Men's Bantamweight (54 kg)'''
*[[Ganapathy Manoharan]]
*# First Round — Bye
*# Second Round — Defeated Samba Jacob Diallo (Guinea) on points (4-1)
*# Third Round — Lost to [[Geraldi Issaick]] (Tanzania) after referee stopped contest in second round

===[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Field hockey]]===
====Men's Team Competition====
The original plan was for a twelve-team tournament, divided into two round-robin groups of six, with the top two of each qualifying for the semi-finals.

However, nine of the twelve teams withdrew as part of the [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|U.S.-led boycott]] in response to the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]].

Argentina, Kenya, Pakistan, Malaysia, and West Germany boycotted completely, and while [[Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Australia]], [[Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]], [[Netherlands at the 1980 Summer Olympics|the Netherlands]], and [[New Zealand at the 1980 Summer Olympics|New Zealand]] competed in some sports, their hockey governing bodies pulled out.

The organising committee subsequently reduced the competition to six teams, the minimum required to hold a competition, with Cuba and Tanzania representing the Americas and Africa in place of Argentina and Kenya respectively, while Poland were invited as the next best team from the [[1978 Men's Hockey World Cup|1978 World Cup]].

'''Team Roster'''
* [[Allan Schofield]]
* [[Bir Bahadur Chettri]]
* [[Dung Dung Sylvanus]]
* [[Rajinder Singh Sr.|Rajinder Singh]]
* [[Devinder Singh]]
* [[Gurmail Singh (field hockey, born 1959)|Gurmail Singh]]
* [[Ravinder Pal Singh]]
* [[Vasudevan Bhaskaran]]
* [[Somaya Muttana Maneypandey]]
* [[Maharaj Krishon Kaushik]]
* [[Charanjit Kumar]]
* [[Merwyn Fernandis]]
* [[Amarjit Rana]]
* [[Mohammed Shahid]]
* [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]]
* [[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder Singh Sodhi]]

===Preliminary===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://tms.fih.ch/competitions/28#pools FIH]
|update=complete

|team1=ESP |team2=IND |team3=URS |team4=POL |team5=CUB |team6=TAN
|result1=G |result2=G |result3=B |result4=B

|win_ESP=4 |draw_ESP=1 |loss_ESP=0 |gf_ESP=33 |ga_ESP=3
|win_TAN=0 |draw_TAN=0 |loss_TAN=5 |gf_TAN=3 |ga_TAN=54
|win_URS=3 |draw_URS=0 |loss_URS=2 |gf_URS=30 |ga_URS=11
|win_POL=2 |draw_POL=1 |loss_POL=2 |gf_POL=19 |ga_POL=15
|win_CUB=1 |draw_CUB=0 |loss_CUB=4 |gf_CUB=7 |ga_CUB=42
|win_IND=3 |draw_IND=2 |loss_IND=0 |gf_IND=39 |ga_IND=6

|name_ESP=[[File:Spain Olympic Flag 1980.svg|border|22px]] [[Spain men's national field hockey team|Spain]]
|name_TAN={{fh|Tanzania}}
|name_URS={{fh|Soviet Union|1955}}
|name_IND={{fh|India}}
|name_CUB={{fh|Cuba}}
|name_POL={{fh|Poland}}

|res_col_header=Q
|col_G=green1 |text_G=Gold-medal match
|col_B=yellow1 |text_B=Bronze-medal match

|winpoints=2
|drawpoints=1
|losspoints=0
}}

{{fieldhockeybox
|date=20 July 1980
|time=12:45
|team1={{fh-rt|India}}
|score=18–0
|team2={{fh|Tanzania}}
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/724/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Deavinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|4|PC|21|PC|25|PC|27}} [[Vasudevan Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|PS|15|PC|29|PC|57|PS|63}} [[Mohammed Shahid|Shahid]] {{fhgoal|FG|17}} [[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|23|FG|30|FG|31|FG|34|FG|58}} [[Merwyn Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{fhgoal|FG|27}} [[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Iqbal]] {{fhgoal|FG|52|FG|55}} [[Maharaj Krishan Kaushik|Kaushik]] {{fhgoal|FG|61}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
|date=21 July 1980
|time=17:00
|team1={{fh-rt|India}}
|score=2–2
|team2={{fh|Poland}}
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/726/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Deavinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|31}} [[Merwyn Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{fhgoal|FG|69}}
|goals2=[[Wlodzimierz Stanislawski|Stanislawski]] {{fhgoal|PC|39}} [[Jerzy Wybieralski|Wybieralski]] {{fhgoal|PS|65}}
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}
----

{{fieldhockeybox
|date=23 July 1980
|time=12:45
|team1=[[Spain men's national field hockey team|Spain]] [[File:Spain Olympic Flag 1980.svg|border|22px]]
|score=2–2
|team2={{fh|India}}
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/728/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Juan Amat|Amat]] {{fhgoal|PC|21}} [[Ricardo Cabot (field hockey, born 1949)|Cabot]] {{fhgoal|FG|43}}
|goals2=[[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|15|FG|65}}
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
|date=24 July 1980
|time=11:00
|team1={{fh-rt|India}}
|score=13–0
|team2={{fh|Cuba}}
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/730/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder]] {{fhgoal|PS|3|PS|11|PS|43|FG|64}} [[Mohammed Shahid|Shahid]] {{fhgoal|FG|8|FG|40}} [[Rajinder Singh Jr.|Rajinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|12|PC|19}} [[Amarjit Singh Rana|Amarjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|18|FG|35}} [[Vasudevan Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|PC|22}} [[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Deavinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|30|PC|63}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}

----

{{fieldhockeybox
|date=26 July 1980
|time=12:45
|team1={{fh-rt|Soviet Union|1955}}
|score=2–4
|team2={{fh|India}}
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/735/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Aleksandr Gusev (field hockey)|Gusev]] {{fhgoal|FG|36}} [[Farit Zigangirov|Zigangirov]] {{fhgoal|PS|66}}
|goals2=[[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Deavinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|3}} [[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder]] {{fhgoal|PS|34}} [[Mohammed Shahid|Shahid]] {{fhgoal|PS|41}} [[Maharaj Krishan Kaushik|Kaushik]] {{fhgoal|FG|64}}
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}

====Gold-medal match====
{{fieldhockeybox
|date=29 July 1980
|time=17:00
|team1=[[Image:Gold medal.svg|16x16px]] {{fh-rt|India}}
|score=4–3
|team2=[[File:Spain Olympic Flag 1980.svg|border|22px]] [[Spain men's national field hockey team|Spain]]
|report=[https://tms.fih.ch/matches/738/reports/matchreport Report]
|goals1=[[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|S. Singh]] {{fhgoal|PS|24|PC|30}} [[Maharaj Krishan Kaushik|Kaushik]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[Mohammed Shahid|Shahid]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
|goals2=[[Juan Amat|Amat]] {{fhgoal|PC|53|PC|54|PC|65}}
|stadium=[[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
|umpires=}}

===Women's Team Competition===

*'''Team Roster''':
:* [[Margaret Toscano (hockey)|Margaret Toscano]]
:* [[Sudha Chaudhry]]
:* [[Gangotri Bhandari]]
:* [[Rekha Mundphan]]
:* [[Rup Kumari Saini]]
:* [[Varsha Soni]]
:* [[Eliza Nelson]]
:* [[Prem Maya Sonir]]
:* [[Nazleen Madraswalla]]
:* [[Selma d'Silva]]
:* [[Lorraine Fernandes]]
:* [[Harpreet Gill]]
:* [[Balwinder Kaur Bhatia]]
:* [[Geeta Sareen]]
:* [[Nisha Sharma (field hockey)|Nisha Sharma]]
:* [[Hutoxi Bagli]]

====Preliminary====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://tms.fih.ch/competitions/27#pools FIH]
|update=complete

|team1=ZIM|team2=TCH |team3=URS |team4=IND |team5=AUT |team6=POL

|win_ZIM=3 |draw_ZIM=2 |loss_ZIM=0 |gf_ZIM=13 |ga_ZIM=4
|win_TCH=3 |draw_TCH=1 |loss_TCH=1 |gf_TCH=10 |ga_TCH=5
|win_URS=3 |draw_URS=0 |loss_URS=2 |gf_URS=11 |ga_URS=5
|win_POL=0 |draw_POL=0 |loss_POL=5 |gf_POL=0 |ga_POL=18
|win_AUT=2 |draw_AUT=0 |loss_AUT=3 |gf_AUT=6 |ga_AUT=11
|win_IND=2 |draw_IND=1 |loss_IND=2 |gf_IND=9 |ga_IND=6

|name_ZIM={{flagicon|ZIM|1980}} [[Zimbabwe at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Zimbabwe]]
|name_TCH={{flagicon|TCH|1980}} [[Czechoslovakia at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]]
|name_URS={{flagicon|URS|1980}} [[Soviet Union at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]]
|name_IND={{flagicon|IND|1980}} India
|name_AUT={{flagicon|AUT|1980}} [[Austria at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Austria]]
|name_POL={{flagicon|POL}} [[Poland at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Poland]]

|pos_ZIM={{gold1}} |pos_TCH={{silver2}} |pos_URS={{bronze3}} |split3=yes

|winpoints=2
|drawpoints=1
|losspoints=0
}}

{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 25 July 1980
| time = 12:45
| team1 = {{fhw-rt|AUT}}
| score = 0–2
| team2 = {{fhw|IND}}
| goals1 =
| report = [https://tms.fih.ch/matches/708/reports/matchreport Report]
| goals2 = [[Lorraine Fernandes|Fernandes]] (1) [[Saini Sisters|Saini]] (1)
| stadium = Stadium: [[Young Pioneers Stadium]]
| umpires =
}}

----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 27 July 1980
| time = 13:00
| team1 = {{fhw-rt|IND}}
| score = 4–0
| team2 = {{fhw|POL}}
| goals1 = [[Saini Sisters|Saini]] (1) [[Nisha Sharma (field hockey)|Sharma]] (2) [[Prem Maya Sonir|Sonir]] (1)
| report = [https://tms.fih.ch/matches/715/reports/matchreport Report]
| goals2 =
| stadium = Stadium: [[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
| umpires =
}}

----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 28 July 1980
| time = 13:00
| team1 = {{fhw-rt|IND}}
| score = 1–2
| team2 = {{fhw|TCH}}
| goals1 = [[Prem Maya Sonir|Sonir]] (1)
| report = [https://tms.fih.ch/matches/711/reports/matchreport Report]
| goals2 = [[Ida Hubáčková|Hubáčková]] (1) [[Alena Kyselicová|Kyselicová]] (1)
| stadium = Stadium: [[Young Pioneers Stadium]]
| umpires =
}}

----

{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 30 July 1980
| time = 17:15
| team1 = {{fhw-rt|IND}}
| score = 1–1
| team2 = {{fhw|ZIM}}
| goals1 = [[Saini Sisters|Saini]] (1)
| report = [https://tms.fih.ch/matches/707/reports/matchreport Report]
| goals2 =[[Elizabeth Chase|Chase]] (1)
| stadium = Stadium: [[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
| umpires =
}}
----

{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 31 July 1980
| time = 15:30
| team1 = {{fhw-rt|URS}}
| score = 3–1
| team2 = {{fhw|IND}}
| goals1 = [[Natalia Buzunova|Buzunova]] (2) [[Natella Krasnikova|Krasnikova]] (1)
| report = [https://tms.fih.ch/matches/714/reports/matchreport Report]
| goals2 = [[Saini Sisters|Saini]] (1)
| stadium = Stadium: [[Dynamo Minor Arena|Minor Arena]], [[Central Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]]
| umpires =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the 1980 Summer Olympics}}
{{country at games navbox|India|Olympics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India At The 1980 Summer Olympics}}
[[Category:Nations at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:India at the Summer Olympics by year|1980 Summer Olympics]]

Phugewadi metro station

2025-12-19T18:11:40Z

Luisa35774: New a info.

{{short description|Pune Metro's Purple Line metro station in Pimpri-Chinchwad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Phugewadi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = {{Pune Metro Infobox station line|line = Purple}}
| style = Pune Metro
| image = Exterior of Phugewadi metro station.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Old Mumbai - Pune Hwy, Seva Nagar, [[Dapodi]], [[Pimpri Chinchwad]], Maharashtra 411012
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.5912|73.8312|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Pune Metro]]
| line = {{rcb|Pune Metro|Purple|croute}}
| distance =
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Swargate metro station|Swargate]] Platform-2 → [[PCMC Bhavan metro station|PCMC Bhavan]]
| tracks = 2
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| architectural_style =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = PGD
| zone =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2022|03|6}}
| closed = 
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Pune Metro|line1=Purple|left1=Kasarwadi|right1=Dapodi|to-right=Swargate}}
| route_map = {{Pune Metro Purple Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Purple}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Phugewadi''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Purple Line (Pune Metro)|Purple Line]] of [[Pune Metro]] in [[Pimpri Chinchwad]], India. The station was opened on 6 March 2022 as an inauguration of Pune Metro.<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi inaugurates Pune Metro line; check routes and ticket prices here
|url=https://zeenews.india.com/railways/breaking-pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-pune-metro-line-check-routes-ticket-prices-and-other-details-2442614.html|website=Zee News|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> From March 2022 to July 2023, the Purple Line operated between PCMC Bhavan and Phugewadi,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandya |first1=Naomi |date=6 March 2022 |title=Passenger operations on 12 km routes of Pune Metro launched know all about |work=Urban Transport News |url=https://www.urbantransportnews.com/news/passenger-operations-on-12-km-routes-of-pune-metro-launched-know-all-about |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> but from 1 August 2023 the section between Phugewadi and [[Civil Court metro station]] came into use, so trains ran from PCMC Bhavan to Civil Court.<ref>{{Cite news |title=It’s official, PM to open Pune Metro service on two sections on Aug 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/prime-minister-modi-to-inaugurate-pune-metro-stretches-on-august-1-including-crucial-civil-court-interchange-station-101690481441750.html |last=Gadkari |first=Siddharth |date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-08-03 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> On 29 September 2024, the launch of Pune Metro Phase I was completed and the Purple Line was fully operational from PCMC to Swargate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-28 |title=PM to inaugurate Pune Metro section of District Court to Swargate |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2059884 |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Phugewadi track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Purple}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Kasarwadi}}
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Dapodi}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Swargate metro station|Swargate]] '''Next Station:''' [[Dapodi metro station|Dapodi]]
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[PCMC Bhavan metro station|PCMC Bhavan]] '''Next Station:''' [[Kasarwadi metro station|Kasarwadi]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Pune]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid Transit in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.punemetrorail.org/station/phugewadi/}}

[[Category:Pune Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]
{{Pune Metro}}

Rohama

2025-12-04T08:06:16Z

Luisa35774:

{{use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rohama
| native_name = Rohoam
| native_name_lang = ks
| other_name = Shitlu
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.2372166|N|74.3423016|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
| established_title = Settled
established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank = 1st
| area_total_km2 = 10
| area_footnotes =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 67.20%
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank3_name_sec2 =
| blank3_info_sec2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 8756
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020| url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193301
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rohama''' or '''Rohoam''' is one of the largest villages in the [[Baramulla district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/Reports/RWS/Physical/R10_11/Rep_TargetHabs2010_2011PopWiseBlockWiseSplDetail.aspx?Ty=pop50_75&Cat=ksbmqKBZcXw=&Dt=0000002363 |website=indiawater.gov.in |title=Habitations with 50–75% population coverage other than Quality as on 01/04/2010 |publisher=[[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation]], [[Government of India]] }}</ref> This village is situated 12 km from district headquarter 'It shares its boundaries with 21 villages' there are more than 40 government and semi-government offices, it got tehsil status in 2005 and consists of many sub district offices.

==Population==
According to [[2001 Census of India]], the Rohama town has a total population of 8756 which divides into 1256 householders. The overall literacy rate is 67.20% against the total literacy rate 67.16% of the J&K state.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Villages in Baramulla district}}

[[Category:Villages in Baramulla district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Road (disambiguation)

2025-11-26T11:19:46Z

Luisa35774: added new details

{{wiktionarypar|road}}
A '''[[road]]''' is a route on land between two places that has been improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance.

'''Road''' or '''Roads''' may also refer to:
{{TOC right}}
==Arts, entertainment and media==
===Film===
* [[Road movie]]
* [[Road (2002 film)|''Road'' (2002 film)]], a Hindi movie
* [[The Road (2009 film)|''The Road'' (2009 film)]], an American post-apocalyptic survival film
* [[The Road (2011 film)|''The Road'' (2011 film)]], a Filipino psychological horror crime drama
* [[Road (2014 film)|''Road'' (2014 film)]], motorcycle racing documentary
* ''[[Road, Movie]]'', a 2009 Indian film

===Literature===
* [[Road (play)|''Road'' (play)]], by Jim Cartwright, 1986
* [[Roads (novel)|''Roads'' (novel)]], by Seabury Quinn, 1948

===Music===

*[[The Road (group)]], a late 1960s American band
*[[Road (American band)]], a 1970s American hard rock band
**[[Road (Road album)|''Road'' (Road album)]], 1972, their only album
*[[Road (Hungarian band)]]
*[[Road (Alice Cooper album)|''Road'' (Alice Cooper album)]], 2023
*[[Roads (album)|''Roads'' (album)]], by Chris Mann, 2012
*[[Road (Fred Frith Trio album)|''Road'' (Fred Frith Trio album)]], 2021
*[[Roads (Red Army Choir song)|"Roads" (Red Army Choir song)]], a Soviet WWII song
*[[Roads (Lawson song)|"Roads" (Lawson song)]], 2015
*[[Road (TVXQ song)|"Road" (TVXQ song)]], 2018
*"Road", a song by Paul McCartney from the 2013 album ''[[New (album)|New]]''
*"Road", a song by Nick Drake from the 1972 album ''[[Pink Moon]]''
*"Roads", a song by Blindside from the 2004 album ''[[About a Burning Fire]]''
*"Roads", a song by [[Ron Hynes]] from the 1974 Canadian promo album: "CBC Radio Canada Broadcast Recording LM 402"
*"Roads", a song by Portishead from the 1994 album ''[[Dummy (album)|Dummy]]''
*"Roads", a song by various artists for the [[Roadrunner United]] project

==People==
* [[Mike Road]] (1918–2013), American actor and voice actor

==Places==
* [[Roads, Missouri]], U.S.
* [[Roads, Ohio]], U.S.
* [[The Roads]], Miami-Dade County, Florida, U.S.

==Other uses==
* [[Road (hieroglyph)]]
* [[Road (sports)]], a "road game" or "away game"
* [[Reorganization Objective Army Division]], or ROAD, a United States Army plan of organisation from the early 1960s
* [[Roadstead]], or roads, a sheltered area outside a harbour where a ship can lie safe at anchor
* [[Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action]], ({{langx|pl|Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokratyczna|links=no}}), a defunct Polish political party

==See also==
{{canned search|road|roads}}
* [[Glossary of road transport terms]]
* {{lookfrom|road}}
* {{intitle|road}}
* [[Path (disambiguation)]]
* [[Route (disambiguation)]]
* [[Street (disambiguation)]]
* [[The Road (disambiguation)]]
* [[Railroad (disambiguation)]]
* [[Rhode (disambiguation)]]
* [[Rhodes (disambiguation)]]
* [[Rhode Island (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}

M. S. Krishnan (politician)

2025-11-23T12:29:56Z

Luisa35774: Adding a stub.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

'''M. S. Krishnan''', or '''MSK''', was an Indian [[trade union]]ist and leader of [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=a>{{cite book|title=The Working Class|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYZfdZ2GZZEC|year=2000|publisher=Centre of Indian Trade Unions|page=25}}</ref> MSK became involved in student movement, and would leave his studies unfinished to become a full-time labour organizer in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=a/> He was jailed on a number of occasions.<ref name=a/> He donated all property he had inherited to the Communist Party.<ref name=a/> MSK was elected to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] four times as a CPI candidate (1967, 1972, 1978, 1983) - twice from the [[Malleshwaram (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Malleswaram constituency]] and twice from the [[Rajaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajajinagar constituency]].<ref name=a/><ref name=toi>''Times of India''. ''[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/left-parties-keen-to-make-a-comeback-with-grand-alliance/articleshow/63035368.cms Karnataka polls: Left parties keen to make a comeback with grand alliance]''</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India, a Reference Annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujBEAAAAIAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.|page=477}}</ref> As of the late 1970s he was the publisher of the Kannada-language monthly ''Aruna''.<ref name="Newspapers1978">{{cite book|author=India. Office of the Registrar of Newspapers|title=Press in India: Annual Report of the Registrar of Newspapers for India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wO-TuEKxC_gC&pg=PA298|year=1978|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|page=298}}</ref>

As of the mid-1980s he served as the Secretary of the CPI Karnataka State Council.<ref>{{cite book|title=Amity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W31IUwvoAvsC|year=1985|publisher=Indo-Soviet Cultural Society.|page=28}}</ref><ref name="Rao1989">{{cite book|author=Y. V. Krishna Rao|title=Trends in Agrarian Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=escgAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=People's Publishing House|page=246|isbn=978-81-7007-091-7 }}</ref>

He served as President of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]] 1990–1995.<ref name=a/><ref>All India Trade Union Congress. [https://mighil.com/39th-session-of-aiutc 39th Session of AITUC Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> MSK was active in organizing public sector unions in Bangalore, and took active part in the Joint Action Front as a measure to mobilize public sector workers.<ref name=a/>

MSK died on September 5, 2000.<ref name=a/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, M. S.}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian trade unionists]]
[[Category:Mysore MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Mysore MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1983–1985]]

Karnataka State Law University

2025-08-17T00:13:01Z

Luisa35774: corrected intro additionally and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|State University in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Karnataka State Law University
| native_name =
| image_name = Karnataka State Law University logo.png
| Motto in English =
| established = 2009
| chancellor = [[Governor of Karnataka]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. C. Basavaraju
<ref>{{Cite web |title=VICE CHANCELLOR - KARNATAKA STATE LAW UNIVERSITY HUBBALLI |url=https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/info-2/VICE+CHANCELLOR/en |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=kslu.karnataka.gov.in |archive-date=22 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622081749/https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/info-2/VICE%20CHANCELLOR/en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| city = [[Hubli]], [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| students =
| coor = {{coord|12|56|19.59|N|77|30|11.45|E|region:IN|display=inline, title}}
| type = [[Public university|State Law University]]
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]] 55 Acres
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|http://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/}}
}}

The '''Karnataka State Law University''' ('''KSLU''') is an Indian [[State university, India|state university]] in Navanagar, [[Hubli]], [[Karnataka]]

It was established in January, 2009 by the government of Karnataka with a campus spread over 55 acres of land.<ref name=ksluw>[http://www.kslu.karnataka.gov.in/welcome.php Official Website information]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The university offers various undergraduate and postgraduate law courses in subjects such as Constitutional Law, Intellectual Property Rights, Business and Trade Law, Criminal and International Law.<ref name=ksluw/>

C. Basavaraju is the present vice Chancellor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 September 2022 |title=All will be taken into confidence, says new KSLU V-C |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/all-will-be-taken-into-confidence-says-new-kslu-v-c/article65871674.ece |access-date=10 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Academics==
===Law School===
KSLU has a constituent law school which was established in 2009. The Law School offers undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral programs. At the undergraduate level, five-year integrated Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (B.A., LL.B.(Hons.)) and Bachelor of Business Administration and Bachelor of Laws (B.B.A., LL.B.(Hons.)) programmes are offered while at post-graduate level the Master of Laws (LL.M.) programme with specialization in Constitutional and Administrative Law and Corporate and Commercial Laws are offered.

The undergraduate programs are designed as per [[Bar Council of India]] Rules.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Law School Overview|url=https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/lawschool/public/page/About+us/Overview/en|access-date=2022-02-07|website=kslu.karnataka.gov.in|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207072701/https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/lawschool/public/page/About+us/Overview/en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Affiliated Colleges===
As of December 2021, KSLU has more than 100 colleges affiliated to it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Affiliated Colleges - KARNATAKA STATE LAW UNIVERSITY HUBBALLI|url=https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/page/Affiliated+Colleges/en|access-date=2022-02-07|website=kslu.karnataka.gov.in|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207072704/https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/page/Affiliated+Colleges/en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Research===
The university has launched [[Ph.D.]] programme, from academic year 2011-12 and has 2 research centers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Research - KARNATAKA STATE LAW UNIVERSITY HUBBALLI|url=https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/page/Academic/Diploma%20And%20Research/Research/en|access-date=2022-02-07|website=kslu.karnataka.gov.in|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207072659/https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/page/Academic/Diploma%20And%20Research/Research/en|url-status=dead}}</ref> KSLU also runs some journals, where they call for papers on regular basis.

==Campus==
KSLU moved into a new building in the campus which was modelled after the architecture of [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2017. The university building is spread over 20 acre in the campus.

It has 20 classrooms with an auditorium that can accommodate 200 people, and an outdoor auditorium with 500 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Jun 20, 2017|title=KSLU will move to new building modelled on SC {{!}} Hubballi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/kslu-will-move-to-new-building-modelled-on-sc/articleshow/59223757.cms|access-date=2022-02-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kslu.karnataka.gov.in Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117111335/https://kslu.karnataka.gov.in/ |date=17 January 2021 }}

{{Universities in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Law schools in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hubli-Dharwad]]
[[Category:Universities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Karnataka]]

Mahati

2025-08-05T09:26:35Z

Luisa35774: Adding new pg

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{for|the singer|Mahathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam|name=Mahati|synonym=|image_name=|image_alt=|mela=|chakra=|type=|arohanam={{svaraC|S|G3|P|N2|S'}}|avarohanam={{svaraC|S'|N2|P|G3|S}}|jeeva=|chhaya=|nyasa=|vishesha=|equivalent=|similar raga in prathi madhyamam=}}

'''Mahati''' It is also written as '''Mahathi''' is a [[rāga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music) created by [[M. Balamuralikrishna]].<ref name="indiaartreview">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-06 |title=M Balamuralikrishna: The Ultimate Creative Genius |url=https://indiaartreview.com/stories/m-balamuralikrishna-the-ultimate-creative-genius/ |access-date=2023-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is a four notes scale (tetratonic scale).<ref>{{Citation |title=Scale 1169: Raga Mahathi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DETX5oLacJY |language=en |access-date=2023-01-22}}</ref> It is classified as a janya of 14th [[Vakulabharanam]], 28th [[Harikambhoji|Harikāmbhōji]] or 34th [[melakarta]] rāgam [[Vagadheeswari|Vagadhishvari]] in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music.

There is no equivalent raga in [[Hindustani music]] and scale in western music.

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|300x300px|same notes as ''Harikambhoji'' scale with Shadjam at C]]
Mahati is an symmetric rāgam does not contain rishabham, madhyamam and dhaivatam in the ascending and descending of the scale. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows.

* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|3=G3|5=P|7=N2|8=S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|4=P|6=G3|8=S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, panchamam, kaishiki nishadham in both ascending and descending scale''. It is a ''chaturswara rāgam<ref name="indiaartreview"/>''

== Compositions ==
The music composition available in this rāgam

* '''Mahaneeya Madhura''' - composed and sung by M Balamuralikrishna<ref>{{Citation |title=Raga Mahati Mahaneeya Tala Roopakam |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcF4VM1ieAg |language=en |access-date=2023-01-22}}</ref>
* '''Adhisaya Ragam''' (film) - composed by [[M S Viswanathan]], and sung by [[K J Yesudas]] for the 1975 film ''[[Apoorva Ragangal]]''

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

{{Music-theory-stub}}

Bhor

2025-07-26T10:46:59Z

Luisa35774: General cleanup and content improvements

{{About|the Bhor city in Pune district, Maharashtra, India| the tehsil in Pune district|Bhor tehsil|the princely state|Bhor State|the 2021 film|Bhor (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhor
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.17|N|73.85|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 588
| population_total = 18453
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MH-12
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhor''' ({{audio|Bhor.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a town and a [[municipal council]] in [[Pune district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
Bhor is located at {{Coord|18|10|0|N|73|51|0|E |region:IN-MH_type:city}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Bhor.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bhor]</ref> It has an average elevation of 588 metres (1929 feet).

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bhor had a population of 18,543. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bhor has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 83% and female literacy of 73%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Educational institutions==

Bhor is home to a large number of educational institutes such as primary schools, high schools as well as colleges. There are number of Primary and secondary schools and colleges in the town, the Raja Raghunathrao Vidyalaya, the Shivaji Vidyalaya, and, A.T.  College Bhor. Raja Raghunathrao (commonly called ''R.R.'') Vidyalaya in Bhor is 110 years old and was built by the 11th [[Raja]] of Bhor state [[Raja]] [[Raghunathrao Shankarrao Pant Sachiv]] in 1898.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFyE_jYD43EC|title=Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon|date=1940|publisher=Who's Who Publishers (India) Limited|language=en}}</ref>

An increasing number of educational institutes providing technical education are being built near the town, such as:

* [[R. D. College of Pharmacy]] was established in Bhor in the year 1992, starting with a year-year diploma course. A degree course was started at the college in 1994, the students receive a Bachelors in Pharmacy degree from the [[University of Pune]].
* Abhinav Education Society's College of Engineering and Technology with a three-year diploma course and 4-year degree course was established in 2006 at Wadwadi. The college gives a degree through the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
* Universal College of Engineering, Sasewadi, Bhor
* Navsahyadri Education Society's Group of Institutions, Naigaon, Bhor

==Transportation==

Bhor is midway between Pune and Satara on [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH 4]] (Pune Satara Highway).

==History==
{{Main article|Bhor State|Bhor Rajwada}}
Bhor was one of the [[princely states]] of [[British India]], under the Poona political agency of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and later the [[Deccan States Agency]]. Along with [[Akkalkot]], [[Aundh State|Aundh]], [[Phaltan]], and [[Jath]], it was one of the Satara Jagirs. Situated among the higher peaks of the [[Western Ghats]], the state covered an area of 3,862 square kilometres, and had a population of 137,268 in 1901.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bhor |volume=3 |page=846}}</ref> Its [[Hindu]] rulers, of the [[Deshastha Brahmin]] [[caste]], used the titles "[[Pant Sachiv]]" and "[[Raja]]" were entitled to a hereditary 9-gun salute. Its flag was a red swallow-tailed pennant.

==As a Filming Location==

The temple of Bhoreshwar, dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]] and the [[Lingam|Shiv Linga]] here is very old and is carved out of stone and recently modified by covering with Karpoor Kanta (2015). The temple also features a huge [[Nandi (mythology)|Nandi]] Idol, a Lord Veerbhadraeshwara Idol, A [[Trishula|trishul]] (trident) and two small Nandi idols along with a stone cereal grinder, two stone water tubs, a Nandi mukh outlet, a stone carved tortoise, a stone idol of lord Nagdevta, a stone idol of Lord Ganesha, and stone flooring.

Narhe village near [[Bhatghar Dam]] on the banks of the Welvanda river bank is a beautiful location which has been attracting many [[Hindi]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film producers since 2005.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Films shot have been [[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]], [[Mangal Pandey: The Rising|Mangal Pandey]], [[Khakee (film)|Khakee]], ''[[Jolly LLB]]'', [[Gandhi, My Father|Gandhi - My father]], [[Chal Chala Chal|Chal Chalachal]], Ramaya Vastaviya, and many Marathi TV serials like Raja Shiv Chatrapati, etc. have been shot in the local palace.

Films like [[Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush|Lokmanya: Ek Yugpurush]] a Marathi film was shot in R.R high school.

== Trivia ==

Bhor is one of the Indian cities which has a [[List of craters on Mars|Martian crater]] named after it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/730|title=Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Bhor on Mars|website=planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref> The other cities/towns are [[Amet]], [[Bharuch|Broach]], [[Kakori]], Poona ([[Pune]]), [[Rayadurg]], [[Sandila]] and Wer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=MARS&featureType=Crater,%20craters|title=Planetary Names: Search Results|website=planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bhor State]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pune district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pune district]]
[[ca:Bhor]]

Fauji (TV series)

2025-07-08T23:21:31Z

Luisa35774: quick update

{{About||the 1995 film|Fauji (1995 film)|the 2024 television series|Fauji 2}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Fauji pic.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Action (genre)|Action]]
| creator =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Rakesh Sharma
* Amina Shervani
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
* Manjula Avtar
* [[Vikram Chopra]]
}}
| open_theme = "Fauji"
| composer = [[Loy Mendonsa]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 13
| runtime = Approx. 24 minutes
| network = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|1989|01|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|1989}}
| image_size = 220
| writer =
| director = Lt. Col. [[Raj Kumar Kapoor]]
}}

'''''Fauji''''' ([[translation]]: "Soldier") is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television series following the training of an [[Indian Army]] commando regiment; It was [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s debut in television.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/kingofbollywoods0000chop|url-access=registration|title=King of Bollywood: Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Indian Cinema|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|publisher=Warner Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-446-50898-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/kingofbollywoods0000chop/page/72 72]–74}}</ref> It aired on [[DD National]] in 1989, produced by New Film Addicts. It was directed by [[Raj Kumar Kapoor]].

The story follows a new set of recruits as they begin their training to become commandos in the Indian Army. It is about the Indian Army Para SF training. The series shows the daily struggles of the recruits including physical training, the pranks they play on each other, and the punishments they receive from their officers.

Originally, Rakesh Sharma who played the role of Vikram Rai was supposed to be the hero of the serial. [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s character Abhimanyu Rai ( based on Col Sanjoy Banerjee of the Bengal Sappers, Indian Army), was supposed to have been the second lead. However Lt. Col. [[Raj Kumar Kapoor]] said in an interview that the camera “loved him so much” that they had to change the script to prop up Khan as the lead.

Initially, Khan's role in the serial was to count the crows.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-10|title=My initial role in Fauji required me to only count crows: Shah Rukh Khan|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/101116/my-initial-role-in-fauji-required-me-to-only-count-crows-shah-rukh-khan.html|access-date=2020-07-18|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> He said, “I landed up on the sets of ‘Fauji’, because the house-owner that we were speaking to after we needed a smaller house post the demise of my father, got to know that I'd been in Mumbai to act, and he revealed that his own father-in-law was producing a TV serial.

"When I went there, Colonel Kapoor (producer-director) offered me this sweet role, where I make a mistake and the Major would ask me to go a tree and count the number of crows in it. Once I reveal there are four, he asks me to be ‘Saavdhaan’. I was embarrassed to go back and tell my mother that my role was all about counting crows.”

[[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] also made his debut with this serial.

==Cast==
* Rakesh Sharma as Maj. Vikram "Vicky" Rai
* Amina Shervani as Kiran Kochar
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] as Lt. Abhimanyu Rai<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/800500/the-dd-files-when-shah-rukh-khan-stole-hearts-and-the-show-in-fauji|title=The DD Files: When Shah Rukh Khan stole hearts and the show in 'Fauji'|last=Pal|first=Chandrima|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-05-31|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Manjula Avtar as Capt. Madhu Rathore
* [[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] as N/Sub. Yaseen Khan
* [[Sanjay Taneja]] as Nk. Kishore
* [[Vikram Chopra]] as Lt. Varuneshwar Singhji Parmeshwar Singhji Chauhan
* Gautam Bharadwaj as Lt. Peter Monteiro
* [[Jayshree Arora]] as Abhimanyu's mother
* A. Kannan as Maj. K. G. Narayanan
* Ajay Trihan as Lt. Devender Singh
* Sonal Dabral as Lt. Arun
* Nikhil Dewan
* Neeraj Joshi as Lt. Neeraj
* Anupama Sahni as Parvati
* Sunil Bindrani as the best hero

Now all the episodes are available on [[Amazon Prime]], [[YouTube]] and [[JioCinema|Jio Cinema]].

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |total_width=74 |background=#989A9B |overall= |title= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Kadam Mila
|RTitle = {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Find the pace}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Fauji Bhai
|RTitle = {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Soldier brother}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Zameeni Nishaan
|RTitle = {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Mark on the earth}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Vikram Breaks Down
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Savadhan {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Attention}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Hilo Maat {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Don't Move}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Takkar {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Collision}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Rafataar {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Speed}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Parvati's Marriage
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Himmat {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Courage}})
|RTitle = {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Bravery}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Real Danger
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = The War Begins
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Fauji {{nbsp}}({{Translation|Soldier}})
|LineColor = 989A9B
}}
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0295776}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian military television series]]
[[Category:1989 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian action television series]]

Goa women's cricket team

2025-06-22T11:50:47Z

Luisa35774: basic correct article for consistency and added references for clarity

{{short description|Indian women's cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Goa Women
| image =
| captain = [[Shikha Pandey]]
| founded = Unknown{{-}}''First recorded match: 1990''
| ground = [[Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground]], [[Porvorim]]
| title1 = [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy|WSODT]]
| title1wins = 0
| title2 = [[Women's Senior T20 Trophy|WSTT]]
| title2wins = 0
}}
The '''Goa women's cricket team''' is a women's [[cricket]] team representing the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Goa]]. The team has competed in the [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]] since 2006–07 and in the [[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]] since 2008–09. They have never reached the final of either trophy.<ref name="CAprof">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/4/4040/4040.html |title=Goa Women |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Goa cricket team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cricket in India}}
{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}

[[Category:Cricket in Goa]]
[[Category:Women's cricket teams in India]]

Pahile Na Mi Tula

2024-08-19T08:51:14Z

Luisa35774: New details.

{{Short description|Indian Marathi series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| country = India
| company = [[Kothare Vision]]
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| producer = [[Mahesh Kothare]] [[Adinath Kothare]]
| opentheme = ''"Pahile Na Mi Tula"'' by Anandi Joshi
| theme_music_composer = Vaibhav Joshi
| composer = Samir Saptiskar
| last_aired = {{end date|2021|08|28|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{start date|2021|03|01|df=y}}
| image = Pahile Na Mi Tula.jpeg
| image_size =
| language = Marathi
| screenplay =
| story = Shekhar Dhavalikar
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| num_episodes = 154
| director = Manish Khandelwal
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}

'''''Pahile Na Mi Tula''''' ({{translation|I didn't see you}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] television series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=मालिकेतील अनिकेत 'या' कारणामुळे मालिकेपासून दूर|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/pahile-na-mi-tula-ashay-kulkarni-why-away-from-the-serial/565619|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|date=11 May 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 1 March 2021 and aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=समर जहांगीरदार नाही तर आहे वॉचमन? 'पाहिले न मी तुला'मध्ये मोठा ट्विस्ट|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/entertainment/zee-marathi-serial-pahile-na-mi-tula-serial-new-twist-samar-is-married-nad-watchman-ak-557764.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|date=29 May 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> The show starred [[Shashank Ketkar]], Tanvi Mundle, Aashay Kulkarni in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title='पाहिले नं मी तुला' मालिकेत येणार आनंदी क्षण; मनू-अनिला मिळणार बाबांचा आशीर्वाद|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/entertainment/tv-marathi-serial-pahile-na-mi-tula-in-tweest-see-new-promo-in-marathi-mhad-580704.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|date=17 July 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Manasi, a young woman, works in a company named Lankari Finance where Samar, a business tycoon is the Manager. She loves Aniket, her childhood friend, an MBA graduate but presently working as a taxi driver, due to unavailability of better job. But Samar's constant obsession with her poses a hurdle in their love life but Manasi irrespective of Samar's tortures continues to fight.<ref>{{Cite web|title=शिव्या खायला तयार राहावं लागणार आहे मला...! शशांक केतकरच्या या पोस्टचा अर्थ काय?|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/tv-actor-shashank-ketkar-play-negative-role-pahile-na-mi-tula-marathi-share-post-a590/amp/|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Aashay Kulkarni as Aniket; Manasi's husband
* [[Shashank Ketkar]] as Samar Pratap Jahagirdar / Vijay Dhavade; Manasi's boss, Lankari Finance's branch manager
* Tanvi Mundle as Manasi Rajan Desai; Aniket's wife, Samar's love interest

=== Recurring ===
* Ram Daund as Rajan Desai; Manasi's father
* Priyanka Tendolkar as Megha Rajan Desai / Megha Satyajeet Wadekar; Manasi's sister
* Sachin Deshpande as Satyajeet Wadekar; Megha's husband
* Iravati Lagoo as Nirmala Rajan Desai; Manasi's mother
* Varsha Dandale as Usha; Aniket's mother
* Santosh Sarode as Mr. Parab; office worker
* Prakash Sawant as Office servant
* Pramod Bansode as Mr. More; office worker
* Sumeet Bhokse as Chaitanya; Aniket's friend
* Manjusha Khetri as Neelam; Manasi's office friend
* Nilpari Khanwalkar as Bharati; Manasi's office friend
* Ananda Karekar as Mr. Bhope; Samar's assistant
* Tejashree Muley as Sangi; Samar's wife
* Sagar Sakpal as Auto driver
* Amit Phatak as Manohar Varghode; Manasi's fiance
* Geetanjali Ganage as Isha; Office Receptionist
** Sanika Kashikar replaced Geetanjali as Isha

== Production ==
The series premiered on 1 March 2021 and aired on [[Zee Marathi]] from Monday to Saturday. The show is produced under the banner of Kothare Vision.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shashank Ketkar shares the melodious title track of Pahile Na Me Tula; watch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shashank-ketkar-shares-the-melodious-title-track-of-pahile-na-me-tula-watch/articleshow/81291518.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 March 2021 }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Shashank Ketkar]] first time reprising the negative role as Samar.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shashank Ketkar to feature in an upcoming TV show Pahile Na Me Tula - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shashank-ketkar-to-feature-in-an-upcoming-tv-show-pahile-na-me-tula/articleshow/80744143.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 February 2021 }}</ref> Tanvi Mundle debutants the role of Manasi<ref>{{Cite web|title=चित्रीकरण बंद असल्याने प्रेक्षकांना पाहायला मिळणार का झी मराठीवरील मालिकेचे आगामी भाग?|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/zee-marathi-will-telecast-new-episodes-lock-down-maharashtra-a588/amp/|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref> and Aashay Kulkarni got the role of Aniket.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aashay Kulkarni is excited for his new show Pahile Na Me Tula, shares a BTS video from the set - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/aashay-kulkarni-is-excited-for-his-new-show-pahile-na-me-tula-shares-a-bts-video-from-the-set/articleshow/80987330.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 February 2021 }}</ref> Sachin Deshpande got the role of Satyajeet and Priyanka Tendolkar got the role of Megha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=समरचा डाव यशस्वी; 'पाहिले नं मी तुला' मालिकेत नवा ट्विस्ट|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/entertainment/marathi-serial-pahile-na-mi-tula-new-intresting-promo-viral-on-social-media-see-video-mhad-562251.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|date=8 June 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/pahile-na-me-tula/0-6-3184 ''Pahile Na Mi Tula''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt14266642}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]

Bandlamudi Subba Rao

2023-09-01T11:07:30Z

Luisa35774: made

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
Dr. '''Bandlamudi Subba Rao''', President, Prof. N.G. Ranga Foundation,<ref name=f1/> hails from [[Veerannapalem]] village in Parchuru Mandal of [[Prakasam district|Prakasam District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Born on 22 May 1954, he obtained Doctorate in Agricultural Economics from [[Banaras Hindu University]]. He is a member of Congress Party and is an [[Agricultural economics|agricultural economist]], columnist, writer, political and social activist, historian and farmers' leader.

He is Founder-President of Indian Young Kisan Mazdoor Congress, which was inaugurated by late Mr.[[Rajiv Gandhi]] on 2 February 1982 at [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is active member of Congress Party for the last thirty years, working for the welfare of farmers since then. He is Founder-President of Prof.N.G.Ranga Foundation<ref name=f2/> which was formed to perpetuate the memory of late Prof.N.G.Ranga, veteran Parliamentarian. He organised many meetings, seminars, symposia and group discussions on contemporary issues and continue to do so.

He was member of the Indian Oil Seeds Development Council during 1983–85, Member of Governing Council of [[National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management]] during 1991–94 and [[Trustee]], [[Paradip Port|Paradip Port Trust]] during 1994–96.

He attended the Silver Jubilee Conference of [[International Federation of Agricultural Producers]] held at [[London]] in 1982 as Indian Delegate, attended the 2007 World Congress of World Agricultural Forum held at St.Luis, [[United States|USA]] as Indian Delegate from 8–10 May 2007 and attended the TANA Conference at [[Washington D.C.]] from 4–6 July as invited dignitary.

He traveled to [[Canada]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Netherlands]], [[Singapore]], [[Switzerland]], USA and [[United Kingdom|UK]].
He published 25 research papers in leading scientific journals of agriculture. He published the historical novel "Sri Krishna Deva" in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] which ran to three editions. He also published a book ''Booju Pattina Rajyangam'' in Telugu.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

<ref name=f1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/briefly/article18440447.ece | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 June 2006 | title=Briefly | access-date=7 October 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name=f2>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/website-on-ng-ranga-launched/article28046754.ece | newspaper=The Hindu | date=3 October 2000 | title=Website on N.G. Ranga launched | access-date=7 October 2019 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/bid-to-introduce-msc-in-food-processing-in-angrau/article27985698.ece | newspaper=The Hindu | date=7 November 2001 | title='Bid to introduce M.Sc. in food-processing in ANGRAU' | access-date=7 October 2019 }}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subba Rao, Bandlamudi}}
[[Category:Indian agronomists]]
[[Category:People from Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]

M. R. Gautam

2022-12-29T20:39:16Z

Luisa35774: minor corrected content to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian Hindustani classical vocalist}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
'''Madura Ramaswami Gautam''' (born 19 March 1924), often shortened to '''M. R. Gautam''', is an Indian Hindustani classical vocalist of the [[Agra Gharana]].<ref name="sahapedia">{{cite web | url=https://www.sahapedia.org/agra-gharana-0 | title=Agra Gharana | date=29 December 2016 | first=N. Jayavanth | last=Rao | publisher=Sahapedia | accessdate=24 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born in March 1924 in Tiruchappali, Tamil Nadu.<ref>[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095845126 Oxford reference entry for Gautam]</ref> Gautam learned under [[Ramarao V. Naik|Ramarao Naik]] of Bangalore for many years.<ref name="sahapedia"/>

==Career==
After learning under Ramarao Naik many years he continued to learn under [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]] and Dilip Chandra Vedi of Delhi. He gives many concerts all over India and was the leader of the [[Banaras Hindu University]] as well as the Vice Chancellor of the Khairagarh Music University.<ref name="sahapedia"/>

Gautam was honoured with the Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2008. He is also a Fellow of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] in London.<ref>[https://countryandeastern.se/records/live-in-bombay-1967/ Live in Bombay]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gautam, M.R.}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Agra gharana]]
[[Category:Indian classical musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Mahavir Chakra

2012-12-19T09:27:39Z

Luisa35774: rd

#REDIRECT [[Maha Vir Chakra]]