https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=LucknowHealthRunBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-28T02:30:58ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mustafizur_Rahman&diff=435044Mustafizur Rahman2023-10-14T02:30:37Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: One day career update</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Bangladeshi cricketer}}<br />
{{other people||Mustafizur Rahman (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Mustafizur Rahman<br />
| image = Mustafizur Rahman (4) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mustafizur in 2018<br />
| image_size = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|9|6|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Satkhira]], Bangladesh<br />
| nickname = The Fizz<br />
| batting = Left-handed<br />
| bowling = Left-arm fast<br />
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]<br />
| heightm = 1.80<br />
| country = Bangladesh<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2015–present<br />
<br />
| testcap = 78<br />
| testdebutagainst = South Africa<br />
| testdebutdate = 21 July<br />
| testdebutyear = 2015<br />
| lasttestdate = 16 June<br />
| lasttestyear = 2022<br />
| lasttestagainst = West Indies<br />
<br />
| odicap = 118<br />
| odidebutagainst = India<br />
| odidebutdate = 18 June<br />
| odidebutyear = 2015<br />
| lastodidate = 13 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand<br />
| odishirt = 90<br />
<br />
| T20Icap = 44<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = Pakistan<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 24 April<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2015<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = Afghanistan <br />
| lastT20Idate = 16 July<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2023<br />
| T20Ishirt = 90<br />
<br />
| club1 = [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]]<br />
| year1 = 2014–present<br />
| club2 = [[Mohammedan Sporting Club cricket team|Mohammedan Sporting Club]]<br />
| year2 = 2016–present<br />
| club3 = [[Dhaka Dynamites]]<br />
| year3 = 2015/16<br />
| club4 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]<br />
| year4 = 2016–2017<br />
| club5 = [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]]<br />
| year5 = 2016<br />
| club6 = [[Rajshahi Kings]]<br />
| year6 = 2017–2019<br />
| club7 = [[Lahore Qalandars]]<br />
| year7 = 2018<br />
| club8 = [[Mumbai Indians]]<br />
| year8 = 2018<br />
| club9 = [[Rangpur Rangers]]<br />
| year9 = 2019/20<br />
| club10 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]<br />
| year10 = 2021<br />
| club11= [[Comilla Victorians]]<br />
| year11= 2022<br />
| club12= [[Delhi Capitals]]<br />
| year12= 2022<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| matches1 = 15<br />
| runs1 = 66<br />
| bat avg1 = 4.40<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0<br />
| top score1 = 16<br />
| deliveries1 = 2,145<br />
| wickets1 = 31<br />
| bowl avg1 = 36.74<br />
| fivefor1 = 0<br />
| tenfor1 = 0<br />
| best bowling1 = 4/37<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–<br />
<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| matches2 = 96<br />
| runs2 = 125<br />
| bat avg2 = 6.94<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0<br />
| top score2 = 18[[not out|*]]<br />
| deliveries2 = 4,623<br />
| wickets2 = 158<br />
| bowl avg2 = 24.81<br />
| fivefor2 = 5<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| best bowling2 = 6/43<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 15/–<br />
<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br />
| matches3 = 85<br />
| runs3 = 68<br />
| bat avg3 = 4.53<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0<br />
| top score3 = 15<br />
| deliveries3 = 1,816<br />
| wickets3 = 103<br />
| bowl avg3 = 22.27<br />
| fivefor3 = 1<br />
| tenfor3 = 0<br />
| best bowling3 = 5/22<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 19/–<br />
<br />
| column4 = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]<br />
| matches4 = 205<br />
| runs4 = 161<br />
| bat avg4 = 6.44<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0<br />
| top score4 = 21[[not out|*]] <br />
| deliveries4 = 4,469<br />
| wickets4 = 259<br />
| bowl avg4 = 21.01<br />
| fivefor4 = 3 <br />
| tenfor4 = 0<br />
| best bowling4 = 5/22<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 42/–<br />
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/330902.html ESPN Cricinfo<br />
| date = 20 March 2023<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry |{{BAN}} }}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[2018 Asia Cup|2018 UAE]]|}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mustafizur Rahman''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: মুস্তাফিজুর রহমান) is a Bangladeshi international [[cricket]]er. He is a left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium bowler]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mustafizur Rahman Profile - Cricket Player Bangladesh {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/mustafizur-rahman-330902 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Widely regarded as one of the best [[Fast bowler|fast bowlers]] of his generation and one of the best fast bowlers to emerge from the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mustafizur Rahman Records, Test match, ODI, T20, IPL international batting bowling fielding records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/mustafizur-rahman-330902/tests-odi-t20-records |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Want Mustafizur Rahman to become the leader of the Bangladesh bowling attack: Sanjay Manjrekar |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=995403 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=OneCricket |last2=Rathi |first2=Tejas |date=21 April 2022 |title=Mustafizur Rahman reveals the strategy to prolong his career |url=https://cricket.one/news/news-details/62e146c03094a4d5d6db3f10/mustafizur-rahman-reveals-the-strategy-to-prolong-his-career |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=OneCricket |language=en}}</ref> He is the only overseas player to win the Emerging Player Award in [[2016 IPL]] for [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2016: Emerging Player of the Season – Mustafizur Rahman |url=https://www.iplt20.com/video/4671/ipl-2016-emerging-player-of-the-season-mustafizur-rahman |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=www.iplt20.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Born on 6 September 1995, in [[Satkhira]], [[Bangladesh]], Rahman's career took off during the [[2015 Bangladesh Premier League]] when he caught the attention of cricket pundits with his ability to bowl accurate cutters and slower deliveries, earning him the nickname "'''The Fizz.'''"<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2022 |title=Indian duo helped Mustafizur Rahman got his 'Fizz' back: Allan Donald |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-bangladesh/indian-duo-helped-mustafizur-rahman-got-his-fizz-back-allan-donald/articleshow/96345534.cms |access-date=2 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This talent quickly propelled him to international prominence.<br />
<br />
Making his debut for the [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh national team]] in 2015, Mustafizur Rahman showcased his skills in the limited-overs formats.Mustafizur's international career highlights includes his debut series against [[India national cricket team|India]] in 2015, where he became the first player to claim 11 wickets in his first two [[One Day International|one day international matches]]. This achievement propelled Bangladesh to a historic series victory over India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teale |first=Chris |title=Mustafizur Rahman Has Debut to Remember as Bangladesh Beat India |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2500218-mustafizur-rahman-has-debut-to-remember-as-bangladesh-beat-india |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> He has represented his country in numerous international tournaments, including the [[ICC Cricket World Cup]] and the [[ICC Champions Trophy]], and [[Asia Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barclay |first=Chris |date=24 December 2016 |title=Bangladeshi fast bowler Mustafizur Rahman quickly making a mark |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/87935004/bangladeshi-fast-bowler-mustafizur-rahman-quickly-making-a-mark |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stats: The rise and rise of prolific Mustafizur Rahman |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/stats-the-rise-and-rise-of-prolific-mustafizur-rahman-india-bangladesh/20150622.htm |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> In club career he was aqquired by [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in 2016 with a fee of $208k, where he won his first [[Indian Premier League|Indian Premier League (IPL)]] title.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Star Online |date=6 February 2016 |title=IPL: Sunrisers snap up Mustafizur for $2 lakh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/sunrisers-snap-mustafizur-ipl-2016-213466 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2016 |title=Sunrisers Hyderabad win first Indian Premier League title after tense final |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/may/29/royal-challengers-bangalore-sunrisers-hyderabad-ipl-final-match-report |access-date=2 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He was the 5th highest wicket taker throughout the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2016 bowling most wickets career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2016-11001 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
His unconventional left-arm bowling style, combined with impeccable control and consistent performances, established him as a vital asset for Bangladesh national team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2023 |title=Mustafizur sixth bowler to achieve 100 T20I wickets landmark |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2023/03/14/mustafizur-sixth-bowler-to-achieve-100-t20i-wickets-landmark |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=www.dhakatribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=4 March 2016 |title=Mustafizur Rahman: the statistically freaky bowler with an even freakier gift |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/mar/04/mustafizur-rahman-bowler-bangladesh-world-twenty20 |access-date=2 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He was listed in [[ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year]] three times (2015, 2018, 2021) and [[ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year]] once (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mustafizur Rahman in top five of ODI rankings |url=https://www.t20worldcup.com/news/944893 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=www.t20worldcup.com |language=en}}</ref>Currently he plays for [[Delhi Capitals]] in [[Indian Premier League]] and for [[Comilla Victorians]] in [[Bangladesh Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=Mustafizur retained by Delhi Capitals for IPL 2023 |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/mustafizur-retained-delhi-capitals-ipl-2023-532506 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early career ==<br />
In 2012, Mustafizur travelled to Bangladesh's capital [[Dhaka]] to try out for a fast-bowlers camp.<ref name="The making of Mustafizur">{{Cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |date=7 August 2015 |title=The making of Mustafizur |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/907241.html |access-date=17 January 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> Prior to that, scouters first encountered him in an Under-17 tournament in [[Satkhira]].<ref name="Mustafiz from Satkhira">{{Cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |title=Mustafizur, slow death from Satkhira |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2015/content/story/889215.html |access-date=17 January 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He was admitted to the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]'s foundation of fast bowling. Soon he was selected to the [[Bangladesh national under-19 cricket team|Bangladesh Under-19 side]] for the [[2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] in [[UAE]], where he took a total of eight [[wickets]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dailydhakatimes.com/cricketer-mustafizur-rahman-profile/ |title=Cricketer Mustafizur Rahman Profile |website=Dhaka Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126180325/http://dailydhakatimes.com/cricketer-mustafizur-rahman-profile/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mustafizur started both his [[First-class cricket]] and [[List-A cricket]] from 2014, representing [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]] and [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/national-cricket-league-2015-16/content/squad/920437.html |title=Khulna Division Squad / Players |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> He was picked for Bangladesh A's tour of [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]].<ref name="Mustafizur ESPNcricinfo bio">{{Cite web |title=Mustafizur Rahman |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/330902.html |access-date=16 January 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref name="Mustafiz from Satkhira" /><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
===Emergence===<br />
Mustafizur began his international career in a twenty overs match against Pakistan on 24 April 2015, where he took the wickets of [[Shahid Afridi]] and [[Mohammad Hafeez]], two veteran Pakistani [[batsmen]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-pakistan-2015/engine/match/858491.html |title=Pakistan tour of Bangladesh, Only T20I: Bangladesh v Pakistan at Dhaka |date=24 April 2015 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=24 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2015, [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015|India toured Bangladesh]] for one Test and three One Day Internationals. Mustafizur was picked in the ODI squad. In his first match of the series, Mustafizur gave signs of his potential against the strong Indian batting line-up by taking a five-wicket haul off 9.2 overs in the first match.<ref name="Bangladesh vs India 1st ODI">{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/870731.html |title=India tour of Bangladesh, 1st ODI: Bangladesh v India at Dhaka |date=18 June 2015 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/bangladesh-vs-india-2015/news/244073-mustafizur-rahman-shines-on-debut-as-clinical-bangladesh-beat-india-in-1st-odi |title=Mustafizur Rahman Shines on Debut as Clinical Bangladesh Beat India in 1st ODI |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=[[NDTV|NDTV sports]]}}</ref> Bangladesh won the match and Mustafizur became the tenth [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] in the history of ODIs to take five wickets on debut.<ref name="reuters cutter">{{Cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/cricket-bangladesh-mustafizur-idUKL3N0ZB2CK20150625 |title=Cricket-Mustafizur's cutter carves name for debutant paceman |last=Ganguly |first=Sudipto |website=[[Reuters]] |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/stats-mustafizur-rahman-becomes-the-10th-bowler-to-take-a-5-wicket-haul-on-odi-debut |title=Stats: Mustafizur Rahman becomes the 10th bowler to take a 5-wicket haul on ODI debut |date=18 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |work=Sportskeeda}}</ref> In the second ODI, Mustafizur took another six wickets.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/cricket/2015/06/21/bangladesh-seamer-mustafizur-rahman-mesmerises-with-world-record-wicket-haul |title=Bangladesh seamer Mustafizur Rahman mesmerises with world record wicket haul |date=21 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bdnews24.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/bangladesh-vs-india-2015/news/244096-mustafizur-rahman-when-bangladesh-debutant-s-fifer-brought-down-indian-giants |title=Mustafizur Rahman, Knocked Out by MS Dhoni, Brings India Down to Knees |publisher=[[NDTV|NDTV sports]] |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> This helped him to earn the record of most wickets of any bowler after two ODIs, surpassing the record previously held by Zimbabwe's [[Brian Vitori]].<ref name="cricket.com.au">{{Cite news |url=http://www.cricket.com.au/news/feature/mustafizur-rahman-rapid-rise-bangladesh-cricket-successful-india-series-win-mohammad-amir/2015-06-23 |title=Tiger cub explodes onto world stage |last=Burnett |first=Adam |date=21 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |work=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/bangladesh-vs-india-2015/news/244247-mustafizur-rahman-destroys-indian-batting-does-an-encore-of-fifers |title=Mustafizur Rahman destroys Indian batting, does an encore of Fifers |date=22 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=[[NDTV|NDTV sports]]}}</ref> He completed the last ODI with 2 wickets and made history by taking 13 wickets in a three-match ODI series.<ref name="Mustafiz 13 wickets">{{Cite news |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/home/printnews/28686 |title=Mustafiz, the great revelation of Bangladesh |last=Sarker |first=Talha |work=The Independent|location=Dhaka|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mustafiz landmark win">{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2015/content/story/889919.html |title=Mustafizur stars in landmark series win |last=Muthu |first=Deivarayan |date=21 June 2015 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref><br />
[[File:Mustafizur Rahman on practice field in Dhaka on 2018 (1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Fizz training in 2018]]<br />
The following month, Mustafizur took 5 wickets in three ODIs to help Bangladesh win [[South African cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015|the series against South Africa]] by 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-south-africa-2015/content/story/899723.html |title=Bangladesh hush their ODI critics |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> He made his Test debut in the same series versus South Africa where he picked up 4 wickets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-south-africa-2015/content/story/903171.html |title=Mushfiqur applauds bowlers' toil |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-south-africa-2015/content/story/901297.html |title=Mustafizur, Jubair dismiss South Africa for 248 |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/245834-1st-test-mustafizur-rahman-makes-dream-test-debut-to-wreck-south-africa |title=Bangladesh vs South Africa 1st Test: Mustafizur Rahman makes dream debut with 4/37 |work=[[NDTV|NDTV Sports]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="cutter variation">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-south-africa-2015/content/story/901483.html |title=Mustafizur varies his offcutter with success |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Injury problems===<br />
In the month of November, [[Zimbabwe cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015–16|Bangladesh hosted Zimbabwe]] for three ODIs and two T20s. Mustafizur played a salient role in the ODI matches, taking a total of 8 wickets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-2015-16/content/story/938687.html |title=Bangladesh seal fifth ODI series in a row |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> For his performances in 2015, he was named in the World ODI XI by ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/182259 |title=ICC Test and ODI Teams of the Year 2015 announced |publisher=International Cricket Council|access-date=5 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He was also named in the ODI XI of the year 2015 by ''[[ESPNcricinfo]]'' and ''[[Cricbuzz]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/review2015/content/story/956299.html |title=Made in the antipodes |last=Balachandran |first=Kanishkaa |date=1 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He captured his third five-wicket haul in the last game.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-2015-16/content/story/939789.html |title=Mustafizur makes a sight for sore eyes |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/76936/cricbuzz-team-of-the-year-2015 |title=Cricbuzz Team of the Year 2015 |website=Cricbuzz |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> He could not contribute much in the T20 series, though he bowled economically, which resulted both sides sharing a win.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-2015-16/content/story/941141.html |title=Waller and Madziva pull off heist |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> The next year in January, Bangladesh again played with Zimbabwe in four T20s. Mustafizur played in the first two matches, which they won. While bowling in the second T20I against Zimbabwe in January 2016, Mustafizur injured his shoulder. Following that, he was dropped from the squad for the first time since debut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/mashrafe-bin-mortaza-hopes-mustafizur-rahmans-injury-not-serious-1192092.html |title=Mashrafe Bin Mortaza hopes Mustafizur Rahman's injury not serious |website=ibnlive.com |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/254519-mashrafe-mortaza-hoping-mustafizur-rahman-s-injury-is-not-serious |title=Mashrafe Mortaza Hoping Mustafizur Rahman's Injury is Not Serious |work=[[NDTV|NDTV Sports]] |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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During the [[2016 Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] held in the next month, he was again sidelined from the team due to his [[side strain]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/content/story/977363.html |title=Side strain ends Mustafizur's Asia Cup |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/78338/asia-cup-2016-bangladesh-cricket-team-bowler-mustafizur-rahman-ruled-out |title=Mustafizur Rahman ruled out of Asia Cup |publisher=[[CricBuzz]] |access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> playing only the first three games.<ref name="2016AsiaCupBanSquad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/content/story/972769.html |title=Tamim to miss Asia Cup, Kayes called up as replacement |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/engine/current/match/966745.html |title=Asia Cup, 1st Match: Bangladesh v India at Dhaka, Feb 24, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/engine/current/match/966749.html |title=Asia Cup, 3rd Match: Bangladesh v United Arab Emirates at Dhaka, Feb 26, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/engine/current/match/966753.html |title=Asia Cup, 5th Match: Bangladesh v Sri Lanka at Dhaka, Feb 28, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> He was able to play against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], India and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]] held in India in March.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951347.html |title=World T20, 22nd Match, Super 10 Group 2: Australia v Bangladesh at Bangalore, Mar 21, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951353.html |title=World T20, 25th Match, Super 10 Group 2: India v Bangladesh at Bangalore, Mar 23, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951359.html |title=World T20, 28th Match, Super 10 Group 2: Bangladesh v New Zealand at Kolkata, Mar 26, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> He became the first Bangladeshi bowler to grab five wickets in the history of [[ICC World Twenty20|T20 World Cup]] after taking five wickets for 22 runs against New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/post/123600/Mustafiz-1st-BD-bowler-to-grab-5-wickets-in-World-T20- |title=Mustafiz 1st BD bowler to grab 5 wickets in World T20 |work=Daily Sun|location=Dhaka|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> He took total of 9 wickets in three matches in the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 edition]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricwaves.com/cricket/tour/299/t20-world-cup-2016/2/5076/mustafizur-rahman/PlayerStats.html |title=Mustafizur Rahman Player stats for T20 World Cup 2016 |publisher=Cricwaves |access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> He was named as 12th man in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 T20 World Cup by the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/icc-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-india-roy-de-kock-kohli-root-buttler-watson-russell/2016-04-04|title = ICC names WT20 Teams of the Tournament}}</ref><br />
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Mustafizur was again unable to play all matches when [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2016–17|Bangladesh toured New Zealand]] during December 2016 and January 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-bangladesh-2016-17/content/story/1075915.html |title=Bangladesh rest Mustafizur for first Test; Mushfiqur fit |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> He played his first Test match since August 2015 against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] at [[Galle International Stadium|Galle]] in March 2017, taking eight wickets in the series.<br />
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In April 2018, he was one of ten cricketers to be awarded a central contract by the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]] (BCB) ahead of the 2018 season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23229414/bcb-cuts-contracts-list-2018-ten |title=BCB cuts contracts list for 2018 to ten |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><br />
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On 29 May 2018, Mustafizur was ruled out of an upcoming three-match T20I series against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] due to a toe injury.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2018/05/29/mustafizur-ruled-out-of-afghanistan-t20i-series |title=Fizz ruled out of Afghanistan T20Is |date=29 May 2018|work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref><br />
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===2019-present===<br />
In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#Bangladesh|Bangladesh's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26535028/bangladesh-pick-odi-newbie-abu-jayed-world-cup |title=Bangladesh pick ODI newbie Abu Jayed for World Cup |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1180213 |title=Shakib, Jayed, Hossain in Bangladesh squad for World Cup |website=International Cricket Council |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> On 5 July 2019, in the match against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], Mustafizur took his 100th wicket in ODIs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/icc-cricket-world-cup/pakistan-vs-bangladesh-world-cup-2019-mustafizur-rahman-100-wickets-shakib-al-hasan-mashrafe-mortaza-haris-sohail/article28296281.ece# |title=Pakistan vs Bangladesh: Mustafizur Rahman picks up 100th ODI wicket |website=Sport Star |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> He finished the tournament as the leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh, with twenty dismissals in eight matches.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12357;team=25;type=tournament |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2019 - Bangladesh: Batting and bowling averages |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Following the World Cup, the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) named Mustafizur as the rising star of the squad.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1272863 |title=CWC19 report card: Bangladesh |website=International Cricket Council |access-date=9 July 2019}}</ref><br />
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In September 2021, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2021-bangladesh-squad-no-surprises-mahmudullah-captain-shakib-mushfiqur-rahim-in-1276979 |title=No surprises as Bangladesh name Mahmudullah-led squad for T20 World Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Domestic career==<br />
===Bangladesh Premier League===<br />
Mustafizur's first professional Twenty20 career outside international cricket was the [[Bangladesh Premier League]], where he played for [[Dhaka Dynamites]] in its [[2015 Bangladesh Premier League|2015 season]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/36/36850/Players.html |title=Dhaka Dynamites players |website=CricketArchive |url-access=subscription |access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref> He took 14 wickets in 10 matches in that tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-premier-league-2015-16/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=10535;team=5777;type=tournament |title=Bangladesh Premier League, 2015/16 - Dhaka Dynamites / Records / Most wickets |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> In October 2018, he was named in the squad for the [[Rajshahi Kings]] team, following the draft for the [[2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tigercricket.com.bd/2018/10/29/full-players-list-of-the-teams-following-players-draft-of-bpl-t20-2018-19/ |title=Full players list of the teams following Players Draft of BPL T20 2018-19 |website=Bangladesh Cricket Board |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> In November 2019, he was selected to play for the [[Rangpur Rangers]] in the [[2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28105555/tamim-iqbal-team-coach-mohammad-salahuddin-dhaka |title=BPL draft: Tamim Iqbal to team up with coach Mohammad Salahuddin for Dhaka |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref> In 21 January, he was selected to play for the [[Comilla Victorians]] have announced the squad for the BPL 2022 season. Mustafizur Rahman selected in icon category and contract for [[Bangladesh Premier League|Bangladesh Premier League 2021-22]] season.<br />
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===Indian Premier League===<br />
In February 2016, Mustafizur was drafted by [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[List of 2016 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2016 IPL auction]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/sports/sunrisers-snap-mustafizur-ipl-2016-213466 |title=Sunrisers snap up Mustafizur Rahman of Bangladesh: IPL 2016 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=6 February 2016 |access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> He took 17 wickets in 16 matches in the tournament<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iplt20.com/teams/sunrisers-hyderabad/squad/1594/Mustafizur-Rahman/ |title=Sunrisers Hyderabad {{!}} Mustafizur Rahman {{!}} Statistics |website=iplt20.com |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> where his team won the title.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/981019.html |title=Indian Premier League, Final: Royal Challengers Bangalore v Sunrisers Hyderabad at Bangalore, May 29, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> He was named as "Emerging Player of the Tournament",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bdcrictime.com/2016/05/mustafizur-on-his-way-to-becoming-ipls-emerging-player-of-the-season/ |title=Mustafizur on his way to becoming IPL's Emerging Player of the Season |website=bdcrictime.com |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> the first overseas player to receive this award.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/fizz-adjudged-ipls-first-foreign-emerging-player-1231564 |title=Fizz adjudged IPL's first foreign Emerging Player |date=30 May 2016 |publisher=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><br />
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In December 2016, he was retained by the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[List of 2017 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2017 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/shakib-mustafizur-retained-by-respective-franchises-for-ipl-2017/|title=Shakib, Mustafizur retained by respective franchises for IPL 2017|work=BDCricTime|date=17 December 2016|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newagebd.net/article/5018/article/index.php|title=KKR, Sunrisers retain Sakib, Mustafiz|work=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]|date=17 December 2016|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> He was doubtful about missing the first-leg of the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2017/ipl-2017-sunrisers-hyderabad-likely-to-miss-services-of-mustafizur-rahman/story-CVJQTFtm7M6bgxX88QTJbO.html|title=Mustafizur Rahman doubtful for Sunrisers Hyderabad in IPL 2017|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=31 March 2017|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2017/ipl-2017-t20-mustafizur-rahman-to-join-sunrisers-hyderabad-later-than-expected/story-rGuHTgMHqidSVI2dkgh0EN.html|title=IPL 2017 T20: Mustafizur Rahman to join Sunrisers Hyderabad later than expected|work=Hindustan Times|date=7 April 2017|access-date=}}</ref><br />
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In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> In February 2021, he was bought by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] from his base price of INR 1.00 crore in the [[2021 IPL auction]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2021 auction: The list of sold and unsold players|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1252152|access-date=7 April 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> In February 2022, he was bought by the [[Delhi Capitals]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] tournament. He played 8 match for Delhi capital and took 8 wicket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1300689 |title=IPL 2022 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><br />
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===NatWest T20 Blast===<br />
In March 2016, English side [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] announced that they had signed Mustafizur as their second overseas player for the [[T20 Blast]] competition.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/35702751 |title=Mustafizur Rahman: Sussex sign Bangladesh bowler for T20 Blast |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=14 March 2016 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><br />
He picked up four wickets while giving away 23 runs in his debut match against [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/947305.html |title=NatWest t20 Blast, South Group: Essex v Sussex at Chelmsford, Jul 21, 2016 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> After another match, he faced a shoulder surgery which sidelined him for six months.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/1040673.html |title=Mustafizur Rahman faces six month lay-off due to shoulder injury |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><br />
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===Pakistan Super League===<br />
Mustafizur was selected by [[Lahore Qalandars]] in the [[Pakistan Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/953791.html |title=Who's gone to which team in the PSL |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |publisher=ESPNcricinfo staff |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> The [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|BCB]] was reluctant to let him play there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/959281.html |title=BCB mulls holding Mustafizur back from PSL |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |publisher=ESPNcricinfo staff |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> However, the issue was resolved when Mustafizur got a shoulder injury in early 2016, thus preventing him from playing in the PSL.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://crictale.com/mustafizur-out-of-psl-after-injury/ |title=Mustafizur out of PSL after injury |website=crictale.com |publisher=Web Desk |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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== Playing style ==<br />
{{Quote box |width=33% |align=right |quoted=1 |quote="Mustafizur has a God-gifted slower ball."|salign=right |source=— [[Ashish Nehra]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/mustafizur-rahman-has-god-gifted-slower-ball-ashish-nehra-world-t20-005552.html|title=World T20: Mustafizur Rahman has a God-gifted slower ball, says Ashish Nehra|website=mykhel.clm|date=3 August 2017|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref>}}Mustafizur achieved success in the beginning of his international career by bowling [[off cutter]]s, a type of bowling which moves away (from the right-hander) off of the pitch.<ref name="reuters cutter" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/904083.html |title=Mustafizur and the art of the cutter |last=Chopra |first=Aakash |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref> Mustafizur stated on a press conference in June 2015 that he first discovered the technique after his fellow cricketer, [[Anamul Haque]] insisted him to bowl a slower delivery.<ref name="The making of Mustafizur" /><ref name="Mustafiz from Satkhira" /> According to former Indian cricketer [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]], his slower balls are difficult to read.<ref>{{cite news|date=|title=Mustafizur's slowers difficult to read, says Maninder|work=bdcrictime.com|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/mustafizurs-slowers-difficult-to-read-says-maninder/|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref><br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Mustafizur grew up in the small town of [[Satkhira District|Satkhira]] in [[Khulna Division|Khulna]], Bangladesh.<ref name="Mustafizur ESPNcricinfo bio" /> He is the youngest of Abul Qasem Gazi and Mahmuda Khatun's six children.<ref name="Mustafiiz kid life">{{Cite web |last1=Niloy |first1=Suliman |last2=Hassan |first2=Kamrul |title=A teenager's tale: truant kid to top cricketer |url=http://bdnews24.com/cricket/2015/06/22/a-teenagers-tale-truant-kid-to-top-cricketer |access-date=17 January 2016 |website=bdnews24.com}}</ref> His father is an enthusiastic fan of cricket.<ref name="The making of Mustafizur" /> Mustafizur's interest in cricket rose when he started practicing the game {{convert|40|km|mi}}[[File:Mustafiz with his familly; photo taken by Masum Ibn Musa.JPG|thumb|252x252px|Fizz with his family members]]<br />
away from home every morning, with his brother Mokhlesur Rahman. This affected his education as he occasionally missed school to play cricket.<ref name="Mustafiiz kid life" /><br />
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Prior to discovering his [[Bowling (cricket)|bowling]] talents, Mustafizur played as a [[Batsman (cricket)|batsman]] with a [[tennis ball]].<ref name="Mustafiz from Satkhira" /> According to him, he took inspiration from Pakistani [[Fast bowling|pacer]] [[Mohammad Amir]] who is his idol.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukesh |first=Sathya |date=22 June 2015 |title=Mohammad Amir delighted to be Bangladesh pacer Mustafizur's idol |url=http://www.crictracker.com/mohammad-amir-delighted-to-be-bangladesh-pacer-mustafizurs-idol/ |access-date=17 January 2016 |website=crictracker.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 March 2019, along with several members of the Bangladesh test team, he was moments from entering the Al Noor mosque in [[Christchurch]], New Zealand when [[Christchurch mosque shootings|a terrorist attack]] began. All members of the team were "deeply affected".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricketers escape NZ mosque shooting |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/bangladesh-cricket-team-escape-scare-in-christchurch-new-zealand-test-series/2019-03-15 |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=cricket.com.au |publisher=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Mustafizur went on to get married on 22 March. Mustafizur's brother was hopeful that marriage could help him "overcome the shock" of witnessing the attack in New Zealand.<ref name="marriage">{{Cite news |date=22 March 2019 |title=Bangladesh cricketers marry after surviving New Zealand mosque shooting |language=en |work=Channel NewsAsia |agency=AFP |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/bangladesh-cricketers-marry-new-zealand-christchurch-shooting-11370746}}</ref><br />
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==Records and achievements==<br />
*The governing body of cricket, the [[International Cricket Council]], included Mustafizur on the [[ICC ODI Team of the Year]] in 2015, recognizing him as one of the top cricketers of that year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/947671.html |title='Happy to be among the big players' – Mustafizur |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> He was the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve this and the second to be selected for any [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] team after [[Shakib Al Hasan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/cricket/1065570 |title=Mustafizur makes the ICC Team of the Year 2015 |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><br />
* In December 2016, he was named the [[ICC Men's Emerging Cricketer of the Year|ICC Emerging Cricketer of the Year]], the first Bangladeshi player to win one of the ICC's annual awards.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/1073705.html |title=Ashwin named ICC Cricketer of the Year, Test Player of the Year |date=22 December 2016 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> Mustafizur was also included as the 12th man in the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]] Men's Team of the Tournament.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://mail.indiablooms.com/ibns_new/sports-details/SN/4108/icc-world-twenty20-teams-of-the-tournament-named.html |title=ICC World Twenty20 teams of the tournament named |work=India Blooms |access-date=21 June 2017 |agency=IBNS |quote=12th man. Mustafizur Rahman (Bangladesh)}}</ref> He won the [[ESPNcricinfo]] Award for the Best T20 performance of the year 2016 for his maiden T20I five-wicket haul against New Zealand during the [[ICC World Twenty20|World T20]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/awards2016/content/story/1078390.html |title=The Fizz brings the balm |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref><br />
*Mustafizur won the Best Athlete of the Year Award from the Bangladesh Sports Press Association (BSPA) of the year 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newagebd.net/article/8137/index.php |title=Mustafiz, Shila scoop BSPA awards |work=New Age |access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref><br />
*On 29 May 2016, he became the first<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/fizz-adjudged-ipls-first-foreign-emerging-player-1231564|title=Fizz adjuged first foreign Emerging Player|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star(Bangladesh)]]|date=30 May 2016|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> and so far the only<ref>{{cite news |last=Vishwanathan |first=Aayushmaan |date=5 April 2020 |title=IPL Emerging Player Award Winners: What Are They Upto Now? |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/ipl-emerging-players-of-12-ipl-seasons/9/|work=Cricket Adductor|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> foreign cricketer to win [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'s [[List of Indian Premier League awards|Emerging player of the year]].<br />
*On 27 January 2018, Mustafizur took his 50th ODI wicket in a tri-series final against Sri Lanka by bowling [[Upul Tharanga]], becoming the fastest Bangladeshi bowler to 50 ODI wickets in 27 matches.<ref name="Rahman50">{{Cite web |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/amp/post/404871 |title=Fizz fourth fastest to 100 wickets |website=BD News |access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref><br />
*Mustafizur again included [[ICC ODI Team of the Year|ICC ODI Team of the Year 2018]]. He become the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve this twice.<br />
*On 5 July 2019, Mustafizur took his 100th ODI wicket in [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] by bowling [[Haris Sohail]], becoming the fastest Bangladeshi bowler to reach the milestone in 54 matches. By doing so, he also became the fourth fastest in the World to reach 100 wickets, leaving Australian speedster [[Brett Lee]] behind him. Lee reached the milestone of 100 wickets in 55 matches.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/404871 |title=Fizz fourth fastest to 100 wickets |work=Daily Sun|location=Dhaka|access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref><br />
*On 18 September 2019, Mustafizur became quickest Bangladeshi, quickest fast bowler and fourth quickest bowler to take 50 [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] wickets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2019/09/19/mustafizur-quickest-bangladeshi-to-50-t20i-wickets|title=Mustafizur fastest Bangladeshi to 50 T20I wickets|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=19 September 2019|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sportzwiki.com/cricket/mustafizur-rahman-becomes-fastest-pacer-to-complete-50-t20i-wickets|title=Mustafizur Rahman becomes fastest pacer to complete 50 T20I wickets|date=19 September 2019|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/926347.html|title=Fastest to 50 wickets in T20IS|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><br />
*In the annual [[ICC Awards]] in January 2022, Mustafizur was included in [[ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year]] for the year 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2451796 |title=ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year revealed |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref><br />
* Named in [[ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year]] for the year 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2451961|title= ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year revealed|work=International Cricket Council |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{cricinfo|id=330902}}<br />
<br />
{{ICC Emerging Player of the Year}}<br />
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[[Category:Cricketers from Khulna Division]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravindra_Jadeja&diff=434902Ravindra Jadeja2023-10-11T17:58:34Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: International information update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1988)}}<br />
<br />
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Ravindra Jadeja<br />
| image = Ravindra Jadeja in 2018.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 220px<br />
| caption = Jadeja in 2018<br />
| fullname = {{nowrap|Ravindrasinh Anirudhsinh Jadeja}}<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|12|6}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Navagam Ghed|Navagam Ghed, Gujarat]], India<br />
| nickname = Rockstar, Jaddu,<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Argha|date=30 September 2017|title=Virat as 'Cheeku', Dhoni as 'Mahi' - The fascinating story behind the nicknames of Indian cricketers|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-watch-revealed-here-s-why-virat-kohli-is-called-cheeku-or-ms-dhoni-is-addressed-as-mahi-2186522|work=DNA India|access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref> Sir Jadeja<br />
| height =1.73 m <br />
| batting = Left-handed<br />
| bowling = [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]<br />
| role = [[All-rounder]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2009–present<br />
<br />
| testdebutdate = 13 December<br />
| testdebutyear = 2012<br />
| testdebutagainst = England<br />
| testcap = 275<br />
| lasttestdate = 7 June<br />
| lasttestyear = 2023<br />
| lasttestagainst = Australia <br />
<br />
| odidebutdate = 8 February<br />
| odidebutyear = 2009<br />
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka<br />
| odicap = 177<br />
| lastodidate = 11 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = Afghanistan<br />
| odishirt = 8 (previously 26)<br />
<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 10 February<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2009<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka<br />
| T20Icap = 22<br />
| lastT20Idate = 31 August<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2022<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = Hong Kong<br />
| T20Ishirt = 8 (previously 88)<br />
<br />
| club1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]<br />
| year1 = {{nowrap|2006–present}}<br />
| club2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]<br />
| year2 = {{nowrap|2008–2009}}<br />
| club3 = [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]]<br />
| year3 = 2011<br />
| club4 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]<br />
| year4 = {{nowrap|2012–2015}}<br />
| club5 = [[Gujarat Lions]]<br />
| year5 = {{nowrap|2016–2017}}<br />
| club6 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]<br />
| year6 = {{nowrap|2018–present}}<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br />
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches1 = 67<br />
| matches2 = 187<br />
| matches3 = 64<br />
| matches4 = 122<br />
| runs1 = 2,804<br />
| runs2 = 2,636<br />
| runs3 = 457<br />
| runs4 = 6,900<br />
| bat avg1 = 36.41<br />
| bat avg2 = 32.14<br />
| bat avg3 = 24.05<br />
| bat avg4 = 45.69<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 3/19<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 0/13<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 12/36<br />
| top score1 = 175[[Not out|*]]<br />
| top score2 = 87<br />
| top score3 = 46[[Not out|*]]<br />
| top score4 = 331<br />
| deliveries1 = 16,354<br />
| deliveries2 = 9,249<br />
| deliveries3 = 1,237<br />
| deliveries4 = 28,659<br />
| wickets1 = 275<br />
| wickets2 = 207<br />
| wickets3 = 51<br />
| wickets4 = 494<br />
| bowl avg1 = 24.07<br />
| bowl avg2 = 36.55<br />
| bowl avg3 = 28.49<br />
| bowl avg4 = 23.81<br />
| fivefor1 = 12<br />
| fivefor2 = 1<br />
| fivefor3 = 0<br />
| fivefor4 = 31<br />
| tenfor1 = 2<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| tenfor3 = 0<br />
| tenfor4 = 8<br />
| best bowling1 = 7/42<br />
| best bowling2 = 5/36<br />
| best bowling3 = 3/15<br />
| best bowling4 = 7/31<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 41/–<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 66/–<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 24/–<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 92/–<br />
| source = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/234675.html ESPNcricinfo]<br />
| date = 12 September 2023 |family= [[Rivaba Jadeja]] (wife)}}<br />
<br />
'''Ravindrasinh Anirudhsinh Jadeja''' (born 6 December 1988), commonly known as '''Ravindra Jadeja''', is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who represents the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]] in all formats. He is an [[all-rounder]], who [[Batting (cricket)|bats]] left-handed and bowls left-arm orthodox spin. He is regarded as one of the best [[All-rounder|all-rounders]] of the last decade, becoming the fifth Indian and fifth-fastest player to score 2,000 runs and take 200 wickets in [[Test cricket]] in 2021. Jadeja was the leading wicket-taker in the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]] and received the [[man of the match]] award as a member of the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final-winning]] team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=24 June 2013 |title=Champions Trophy 2013: Jadeja wins golden ball, man of the match |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/champions-trophy-2013-jadeja-wins-golden-ball-man-of-the-match |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-in}}</ref> He represents [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] in [[first-class cricket]] and has captained the [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. As of August 2023, Ravindra Jadeja is the 8th highest ODI wicket taker for India with 194 wickets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saha Akash |date=2 August 2023 |title=Most Wickets For India In ODI Cricket History |url=https://skyblogs.in/most-wickets-for-india-in-odi/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=skyblogs.in Cricket |language=en-US}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Jadeja was vice-captain of the [[Indian U-19 cricket team]] that won the [[Under-19 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] in [[Malaysia]] in [[2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2008]], under the captaincy of former Indian captain [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=AadyaS |date=4 June 2022 |title=Where Are India's 2008 U19 World Cup Winning Squad Members Now? |url=https://wisden.com/stories/where-are-indias-2008-u19-world-cup-winning-squad-members-now |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=Wisden}}</ref> He made his [[One Day International|ODI]] debut against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] on 8 February 2009 and scored an unbeaten 60 off 77 balls in that match. However, his Test debut came almost four years later, on 13 December 2012, against [[England cricket team|England]] at [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ravindra Jadeja Debut and last played matches in Tests, ODIs, T20Is and other formats |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/ravindra-jadeja-234675/matches |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Jadeja was bought for $2&nbsp;million by the [[Chennai Super Kings]] at the [[2012 IPL Players Auction]]. He was bought by the [[Gujarat Lions]] in the 2016 IPL Players Auction for {{INR}}9.5 crores after the Chennai Super Kings were banned from the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] for two seasons. On 22 January 2017, Jadeja became the first Indian left-arm spinner to take 150 [[One Day International]] wickets, when he dismissed [[Sam Billings]] at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarmah |first1=Bhargab |title=Ravindra Jadeja Becomes First Indian Left-Arm Spinner to Complete 150 Scalps in ODIs |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-england-2016-17/ravindra-jadeja-becomes-first-indian-left-arm-spinner-to-complete-150-scalps-in-odis-1651436 |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=22 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2017, he became the [[ICC Player Rankings|top ranked bowler]] in the world leaving behind [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] who held that position for a long time.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sikdar |first1=Sandip |title=Ravindra Jadeja Pips R Ashwin To Stay No.1, Cheteshwar Pujara No.2 In Batting List |publisher= NDTV |date=21 March 2017 |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-australia-2017/ravindra-jadeja-pips-r-ashwin-to-stay-no-1-cheteshwar-pujara-no-2-in-batting-list-1671758 |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref> He was announced as captain of the [[Chennai Super Kings]] IPL franchise, for the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 IPL season]], succeeding [[MS Dhoni]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MS Dhoni hands over CSK captaincy to Ravindra Jadeja |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121619/ms-dhoni-hands-over-csk-captaincy-to-ravindra-jadeja |access-date=24 March 2022 |website=Cricbuzz |date=24 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He however stepped down in the middle of the season.<ref name="HT2022"/><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Jadeja was born on 6 December 1988 in a [[Rajputs in Gujarat|Gujarati Rajput]] [[Hindu]] family in [[Navagam Ghed]] city of [[Jamnagar district]] in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2013|title=Too mooch this Movember|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/too-mooch-this-movember/story-eMi9WkMpvuE69ENUB1WBBO.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Caste">{{Cite web|last=Yadav|first=Jyoti|date=15 April 2020|title=Ravindra Jadeja must stop being a 'Rajput boy' and grow up to be a cricketer|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/ravindra-jadeja-must-stop-being-a-rajput-boy-and-grow-up-to-be-a-cricketer/402251/|access-date=31 July 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ravindra Jadeja |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/234675.html |website=Cricinfo |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref> His father Anirudh was a watchman for a private security agency. His father wanted him to become an [[Army officer]] but his interest was in [[Cricket]], he was scared of his father in his childhood.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|title=Ravindra Jadeja Biography|url=https://www.7infi.com/ravindra-jadeja-biography-age-weight-height-like-birthdate-other/ |publisher=7infi.com}}</ref> His mother Lata died in an accident in 2005 and the trauma of his mother's death almost made him quit cricket. His sister Naina is a nurse.<ref>{{cite news|title=Striking it rich|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/striking-it-rich/913542/0|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> He lives in [[Jamnagar]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Latest World|title=The Kapil Sharma Show Episode 84 Anushka Sharma And Virat Kohli in Kapil's Show 20th Feb 2017|date=20 February 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS7FbH5kUC8&t=39m2s |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406080539/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS7FbH5kUC8&feature=youtu.be&t=39m2s |archive-date=6 April 2017 |url-status=dead|access-date=21 February 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Jadeja married politician [[Rivaba Jadeja]] on 17 April 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravindra Jadeja wedding: Five things you didn't know about Sir's marriage to Reeva Solanki |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-ravindra-jadeja-wedding-five-things-you-didn-t-know-about-sir-s-marriage-to-reeva-solanki-2203100 |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=[[DNA India]] |date=17 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ravindra Jadeja ties knot with Reeva Solanki in grand fashion, see pics |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/sports-gallery/ravindra-jadeja-marriage-wedding-wife-photos-pictures-riva-solanki-ipl-2016-2757477/ |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 April 2016 |language=en-IN}}</ref> They have a daughter born in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravindra Jadeja catches first glimpse of daughter. This was the star's reaction |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ravindra-jadeja-catches-first-glimpse-of-daughter-this-was-the-star-s-reaction/story-WSnuQV8inhJcXHC2qSFMOI.html |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ravindra Jadeja, wife give baby daughter Sanskrit inspired name |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ravindra-jadeja-wife-give-baby-daughter-sanskrit-inspired-name-4702375/ |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 June 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Domestic career==<br />
<br />
===Youth career===<br />
Jadeja made his first Under-19 appearance for India in 2005 at the age of 16. He was picked in the Indian squad for the [[2006 U/19 Cricket World Cup]] in Sri Lanka. India finished runners-up with Jadeja impressing in the final against Pakistan with a haul of 3 wickets. He was the vice-captain of the victorious Indian team at the [[2008 U/19 Cricket World Cup]]. He played a crucial role with the ball in the tournament, taking 10 wickets in 6 games at an average of 13.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
<br />
===First-class cricket===<br />
<br />
Jadeja made his first-class debut in the 2006–07 Duleep Trophy. He played for [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] in the [[Duleep Trophy]] and for [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] in the [[Ranji Trophy]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
<br />
In 2012, Jadeja became the eighth player in history, and the first Indian player, to score three first-class triple centuries in his career, joining [[Don Bradman]], [[Brian Lara]], [[Bill Ponsford]], [[Wally Hammond]], [[WG Grace]], [[Graeme Hick]] and [[Mike Hussey]]. His first came in early November 2011 against [[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]], in which he scored 314 off 375 balls. His second came in November 2012 against [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]], in which he scored 303 not out. His third came against [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] in December 2012, in which he scored 331 runs in 501 balls. Jadeja reached this milestone at the young age of only 23.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pandya |first=Haresh |date=2 December 2012 |title=Third triple puts Jadeja in elite company |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/third-triple-puts-ravindra-jadeja-in-elite-company-594731 |access-date=6 January 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
<br />
Jadeja caught the attention of the national selectors with his strong all-round showing in the 2008–09 Ranji Trophy – 42 wickets and 739 runs – and was picked for the ODI series in Sri Lanka. His international debut came in the final match of the series on 8 February 2009, where he scored 60*, although India lost the match. In the 2009 World Twenty20, Jadeja was criticised for not scoring fast enough in India's loss to England. After the incumbent all-rounder [[Yusuf Pathan]] suffered a loss of form, Jadeja took his place at No. 7 in the ODI team in late 2009. In the third ODI against Sri Lanka in [[Cuttack]] on 21 December 2009, Jadeja was awarded the man of the match award following a haul of four wickets. His best bowling is 4–32.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/260/260289.html|title=India v Sri Lanka in 2009/10|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=21 December 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made a comeback into the Indian ODI side in the third ODI against England at [[The Oval]] in London. Arriving at the crease with India 58–5 after 19 overs, he scored 78, adding 112 with skipper [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] and 59 off only 5.1 overs with [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] to help his side reach 234–7 in 50 overs. He also took 2–42 from his 9 overs and was named "player of the match", but England won the rain-affected game. His performance in the fourth ODI at Lord's was mixed: he gave away four crucial overthrows with a poor throw from the boundary, but then took a catch on the boundary off the last ball.<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-india-2011/content/story/532086.html|title=Jadeja's brain fade, and Swann's routine act|date=11 September 2011|access-date=23 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the second T20I of the Australian tour in February 2012, Jadeja had figures of 1/16 in 3 overs and effected two [[run out]]s in the Australian innings. India went on to win the game and Jadeja was awarded Man of the Match, mainly for his fielding effort.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monga |first1=Sidharth |date=3 February 2012 |title=Overdue win, unusual method |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-v-india-2nd-twenty20-overdue-win-unusual-method-552016 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his impressive performance at the start of Ranji Trophy season 2012–13, when he scored two 300+ scores in 4 matches (4/125 and then 303* against [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] at [[Surat]]; 331 and 3/109 against [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] at [[Rajkot]] in the [[Ranji Trophy]] 2012–13), he was called up to join the 15-member India Test team to play the fourth Test against England at [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{cite web |date=9 December 2012 |title=England in India 2012–13 : Zaheer Khan, Yuvraj Singh dropped; Parvinder Awana, Ravindra Jadeja picked &#124; India v England |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zaheer-khan-yuvraj-singh-dropped-parvinder-awana-ravindra-jadeja-picked-596328 |access-date=23 January 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In his Test debut against [[England national cricket team|England]] at Nagpur, he bowled 70 overs and picked 3/117.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565809.html |title=English cricket team in India – 4th Test |publisher=ESPNcricinfo | access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the second ODI in the India-England series at Kochi, Jadeja hit 61 off just 37 balls, which took India to a total of 285. In the second innings, he bowled a spell of 2 for 12 in 7 overs, helping India beat England by 127 runs and level the series 1–1. This performance earned Jadeja the Man of the Match award.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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In the historic 4–0 home Test series win against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in February–March 2013, Jadeja took 24 wickets, dismissing the Australian captain [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] five out of six times in the series which cemented his place in the team as an [[all-rounder]], despite not contributing much with the bat. His seven-wicket haul, including a five-for in the second innings of the final Test match, earned him the Man of the Match award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jadeja, Pujara take India to historic 4–0 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2012-13-598808/india-vs-australia-4th-test-598815/match-report-3 |access-date=28 March 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/current/match/598815.html|title= Australia tour of India, 2012/13 / Scorecard|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/current/match/598814.html|title= Australia tour of India, 2012/13 / Scorecard|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/current/match/598813.html|title= Australia tour of India, 2012/13 / Scorecard|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/current/match/598812.html|title= Australia tour of India, 2012/13 / Scorecard|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref> He played an important role for India in lifting the ICC Champions Trophy 2013. He was the highest wicket-taker of the tournament with 12 wickets, which won him the Golden Ball. He made 33* with bat and took 2 wickets in the final against England. He was also named as part of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC and ESPNCricinfo.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/178241 | title=ICC announces Team of the Tournament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/content/story/644927.html |title = Team of the tournament|date = 24 June 2013}}</ref><br />
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He was ranked as the No.1 bowler in ODI Cricket by the ICC in August 2013. Jadeja is the first India bowler to top the rankings since [[Anil Kumble]], who topped the table in 1996. He is the fourth India bowler after [[Kapil Dev]], [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]] and Kumble to be ranked No. 1.<ref name="espncricinfoci">{{cite web |date=4 August 2013 |title=ICC news: Ravindra Jadeja jumps to No. 1 in ODI bowling rankings &#124; Cricinfo ICC Site |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-jumps-to-no-1-in-odi-bowling-rankings-658737 |access-date=4 October 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
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Jadeja scored his maiden test fifty on 20 July 2014, playing against England and saving the match for [[Indian cricket team|India]], who were struggling at 235/7. He made 68 runs from just 57 balls. His partnership of 99 with [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] helped India set [[England Cricket Team|England]] a target of 319.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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Jadeja was selected for the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] in Australia and New Zealand despite not being fully fit due to a shoulder injury. He took 9 wickets in 8 games. His returns with the bat were modest, scoring just 57 runs from 5 innings. India went on to lose against Australia in the semi-final. After his poor performance in the next ODI series in Bangladesh, he was dropped from the Indian team.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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Jadeja returned strongly in the next Ranji season (2015–16), where he picked up 38 wickets from 4 games and 215 runs, including 3 50+ scores. His strong performances were rewarded with selection for the Indian test side facing South Africa at home. Jadeja helped his team achieve victory, by taking 23 wickets in 4 games. He scored 109 runs in the series, which included crucial knocks lower down the order. Jadeja was included in Indian limited-overs side touring Australia to play 5 ODIs and 3 T20Is. In ODIs, Jadeja bowled economically in a series where more than 3000 runs were scored in 5 matches. He took 3 wickets at an economy rate of 5.35. He was the second-highest wicket-taker in T20Is, picking up 5 wickets in 3 games. In the second game of the series, Jadeja took a blinder off his own bowling to get the important wicket of Shane Watson, and he also ran Aaron Finch out, who was batting on 74 at that moment.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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He featured in all four tests against the visiting Australian side. He bagged 25 wickets and made two half-centuries down the order, which earned him the player of the match as well as the player of the series award in the latest concluded series on 28 March 2017.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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He along with [[Ravichandran Ashwin]], became the first pair of spinners to be jointly ranked number 1 bowler in ICC Test Rankings history.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2017 |title=Jadeja and Ashwin jointly top Test rankings |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-and-r-ashwin-first-pair-of-spinners-to-jointly-rank-no-1-in-tests-1085902 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 5 August 2017, Jadeja became the fastest left-arm bowler to reach 150 wickets in terms of number of Tests played (32).<ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2017 |title=Jadeja beats Johnson, Ashwin betters Hadlee |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-beats-mitchell-johnson-r-ashwin-betters-richard-hadlee-1115240 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
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On 5 October 2018, he scored his first century in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/cricket-news/article/india-vs-west-indies-ravindra-jadeja-scores-his-maiden-test-ton-at-his-home-ground/294722 |title=India vs West Indies: Ravindra Jadeja scores his maiden Test ton on his home ground |work=Times Now News |date=5 October 2018 |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> In March 2019, during the second ODI [[Australian cricket team in India in 2018–19|against Australia]], Jadeja became the third cricketer for India to score 2,000 runs and take 150 wickets in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/india-vs-australia-2019-ravindra-jadeja-third-indian-to-complete-2000-runs-and-take-150-wickets-in-odis-810981 |title=Ravindra Jadeja third Indian to complete 2000 runs and take 150 wickets in ODIs |work=Cricket Country |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref> In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|India's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |date=15 April 2019 |title=Rahul and Karthik in, Pant and Rayudu out of India's World Cup squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rahul-and-karthik-in-pant-and-rayudu-out-of-india-s-world-cup-squad-1181017 |access-date=15 April 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1179330 |title=Dinesh Karthik, Vijay Shankar in India's World Cup squad |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><br />
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In October 2019, in the first Test [[South African cricket team in India in 2019–20|against South Africa]], Jadeja took his 200th wicket in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ravindra-jadeja-200-wickets-2nd-fastest-india-vs-south-africa-visakhapatnam-1606126-2019-10-04 |title=Ravindra Jadeja fastest left-armed bowler to take 200 Test wickets |date=4 October 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=4 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 6 August 2021, batting during the first innings of the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021#Test series#1st Test|first Test]] against England at [[Trent Bridge]], Jadeja became the fifth Indian and fifth-fastest player score 2,000 runs and take 200 wickets in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 August 2021|title=1st Test: Ravindra Jadeja joins Kapil Dev, Imran Khan in the elite list with gutsy fifty vs England on Day 3|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/1st-test-ravindra-jadeja-joins-kapil-dev-imran-khan-in-elite-list-with-gutsy-fifty-vs-england-on-day-3-1837894-2021-08-06|access-date=6 September 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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In September 2021, Jadeja was named in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. His spin-bowling partner on many occasions, R Ashwin, was also named in the squad after 4 years out of the white-ball team.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni named mentor |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-named-mentor-1276821 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=8 September 2021 }}</ref><br />
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On 5 March 2022, in a Test match against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], Jadeja broke the 35-year-old record of [[Kapil Dev]] by scoring 175[[Not out|*]]. He made the record of the highest score by a No. 7 or below.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
He then took 5/41 and then 4/46 in the two innings, registering match figures of 9/87 to help India beat Sri Lanka by an innings and 222 runs.<br />
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He scored his first overseas [[Century (cricket)|century]] in the fifth Test match of the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2022|2022 Indian tour of England]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='This century gives me a lot of self confidence' - Ravindra Jadeja |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/video/this-century-gives-me-a-lot-of-self-confidence-ravindra-jadeja-1322911 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 July 2022 }}</ref><br />
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In July 2022, he was named as India's vice-captain for the away ODI series [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2022|against the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wi-vs-ind-odi-series-2022-shikhar-dhawan-to-lead-india-in-west-indies-odis-ravindra-jadeja-named-vice-captain-1323376|title=Shikhar Dhawan to lead India in West Indies ODIs|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref><br />
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In September 2022, Jadeja was named in the Indian squad for the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] but was unable to play due to a severe knee injury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/not-having-ravindra-jadeja-in-t20-world-cup-2022-is-a-massive-loss-for-india-mahela-jayawardene-2001456-2022-09-17|title=Not having Ravindra Jadeja in T20 World Cup 2022 is a massive loss for India: Mahela Jayawardene|access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> Following a five-month recovery, Jadeja returned to the test squad for the home edition of the [[Border-Gavaskar Trophy]] on 9 February in Nagpur, where he achieved a [[Five-wicket haul]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ind-vs-aus-ravindra-jadejas-11th-five-wicket-haul-helps-india-bowl-australia-for-177-all-out-8434324/|title=IND vs AUS: Comeback man Ravindra Jadeja's registers his eleventh five-wicket haul|date=9 February 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> Jadeja Becomes Fastest Indian to Take 250 Wickets and Score 2500+ Runs in [[Test Cricket]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/ravindra-jadeja-becomes-fastest-indian-to-take-250-wickets-and-score-2500-runs-in-test-cricket-achieves-feat-during-ind-vs-aus-2nd-test-2023-4852541.html|title=Jadeja Becomes Fastest Indian to Take 250 Wickets and Score 2500+ Runs in Test Cricket, Achieves Feat During IND vs AUS 2nd Test 2023|website=LatestLY|date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><br />
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==Indian Premier League==<br />
[[File:Ravindra Jadeja.jpg|thumb|Jadeja during a CSK practice session]]<br />
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Ravindra Jadeja was selected by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] for the [[2008 Indian Premier League|inaugural season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2008, and played an important role in their victory (Royals defeated [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the final). Jadeja scored 135 runs from 14 matches at a strike rate of 131.06, his best score being 36* against [[Kings XI Punjab]]. He did even better [[2009 Indian Premier League|in 2009]], scoring 295 runs at a strike rate of 110.90,<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Most runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4801;type=tournament|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref> and conceding fewer than 6.5 runs per over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?id=4801;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Best economy rates|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref> [[Shane Warne]], the captain of Rajasthan Royals, referred to Jadeja as a "superstar in the making".<ref>{{cite news|title=Warne predicts bright future for Jadeja the jewel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2009/jan/21/ravindra-jadeja-dileep-premachandran-ipl|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 June 2013|location=London|first=Dileep|last=Premachandran|date=21 January 2009}}</ref> Warne also nicknamed him "Rockstar".<ref>{{cite web|title=Ravindra Jadeja: The Rockstar of Indian cricket|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/ravindra-jadeja-the-rockstar-of-indian-cricket_17080.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=11 June 2013|date=27 January 2009}}</ref><br />
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Jadeja sat out the [[2010 IPL]] because of a ban arising from contractual irregularities.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 February 2010 |title=Ravindra Jadeja out of IPL 2010 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-out-of-ipl-2010-448010 |access-date=19 November 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[2011 Indian Premier League|In 2011]], he was bought by the [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] for $950,000. Kochi Tuskers were terminated from the IPL in September 2011, and in the [[List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2012 IPL player auction]], Jadeja was bought by [[Chennai Super Kings]] for $2 million (approx. Rs. 9.8 crores) after a tie-breaker with [[Deccan Chargers]] who bid the same amount. Jadeja was the most expensive player of the year's auction.<ref>{{cite web |author=Siddarth Ravindran |date=4 February 2012 |title=Millions for Jadeja, Jayawardene and Vinay |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2012-auction-millions-for-ravindra-jadeja-mahela-jayawardene-and-vinay-kumar-552094 |access-date=19 November 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He won the Man of the Match award in the second match of [[2012 Indian Premier League|the season]] against Deccan Chargers for his all-round performance (48 runs off 29 balls, 5/16 in 4 overs).<ref>{{cite web|title=6th match – Deccan Chargers v Chennai Super Kings Jadeja also became the only player in IPL to get caught in the deep and win super match as it was a no ball and won the match against CSK vs RCB|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548311.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><br />
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For his performances in 2014, he was named in the Cricinfo CLT20 XI.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2014/content/story/787427.html | title=The team of the tournament| date=5 October 2014}}</ref><br />
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In a [[Mother's Day]] game during [[2015 Indian Premier League|IPL 2015]], Jadeja put in a fine spin bowling performance in [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]]; he took four wickets for 11 runs with a brilliant spell of bowling against Rajasthan Royals. {{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
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In the 19th match of the [[2021 Indian Premier League]], Jadeja hit 62*, including a joint-highest ever 37 runs in the last over bowled by [[Harshal Patel]]. He later took 3/13 in his four overs and was named Man of the Match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-19th-match-1254076/match-report|title=Ravindra Jadeja's all-round brilliance lifts CSK to top of table|date=25 April 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><br />
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Jadeja was appointed as the captain for the Chennai Super Kings ahead of the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 IPL season]], replacing [[MS Dhoni]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=24 March 2022 |title=MS Dhoni steps down as Chennai Super Kings captain, Ravindra Jadeja to lead in IPL 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-chennai-super-kings-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-in-ipl-2022-1928680-2022-03-24 |access-date=24 March 2022 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2022 |title=IPL 2022: MS Dhoni steps down as CSK captain, Ravindra Jadeja to lead |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-csk-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-101648113424700.html |access-date=24 March 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He however stepped down in the middle of the season, handing over the captaincy back to Dhoni.<ref name="HT2022">{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Vivek |date=30 April 2022 |title=Dhoni returns as skipper as Jadeja steps down |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ravindra-jadeja-hands-over-csk-captaincy-back-to-ms-dhoni-101651326298439.html |access-date=8 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He was later ruled out of the tournament due to a rib injury.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |date=11 May 2022 |title=Injured Ravindra Jadeja ruled out of remainder of IPL 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-csk-bruised-rib-rules-ravindra-jadeja-out-of-remainder-of-ipl-2022-1314528 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Jadeja and the franchise later unfollowed each other on [[Instagram]], leading to reports about a rift.<ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=12 May 2022 |title=CSK unfollow Jadeja on Instagram amid rumours of rift |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/cricket/ipl/csk-unfollow-jadeja-on-instagram-amid-rumours-of-rift-1108572.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> But the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of CSK maintained that he was ruled out on medical advice, and denied allegations of the rift.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakrabarty |first= Shamik |date=12 May 2022 |title=Amid rift rumours, CSK CEO says Jadeja released 'on medical advice' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/rift-rumours-culled-csk-ceo-ravindra-jadeja-released-ipl-2022-7912262/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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In the final of the [[2023 IPL|2023 Indian Premier League final]], Chennai Super Kings required 10 from the final two balls. Jadeja hit a 6 and 4 to give CSK the title.<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Needing 10 off 2 balls vs Mohit, Ravindra Jadeja smokes 6, 4 as CSK win 5th IPL; wife Riva in tears, Dhoni mobbed|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/watch-needing-10-off-2-balls-vs-mohit-ravindra-jadeja-smokes-6-4-as-csk-win-5th-ipl-wife-riva-in-tears-dhoni-mobbed-101685398043095.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref><br />
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==Media image==<br />
[[Sunil Gavaskar]] said in March 2013 that Ravindra Jadeja, along with [[Cheteshwar Pujara]], was a role model for youngsters.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web| last=Gavaskar| first=Sunil| url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ravindra-jadeja-and-cheteshwar-pujara-role-models-for-youngsters-sunil-gavaskar/1/260039.html| title=Ravindra Jadeja and Cheteshwar Pujara are role models for youngsters, says Sunil Gavaskar| date=31 March 2013| access-date=2 April 2013| work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Jadeja's contributions in India's 4–0 test series win over Australia in February and March 2013 were praised in the media,<ref name="sify" /> and Gavaskar called him one of the architects of the win.<ref name="indiatoday"/> Jadeja's dominance of Clarke was also praised in the media.<ref>{{cite news|title=3rd Test: Michael Clarke is Ravindra Jadeja's bunny | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/3rd-test-michael-clarke-is-ravindra-jadejas-bunny/379036-78.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317202446/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/3rd-test-michael-clarke-is-ravindra-jadejas-bunny/379036-78.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 March 2013 | date=15 March 2013 | access-date=3 April 2013 | publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> Jadeja was named ''Player of the Week'' by the portal Cricket World after the end of the fourth test.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cricket World Player of the Week – Ravindra Jadeja | url=http://www.cricketworld.com/cricket-world-player-of-the-week-ravindra-jadeja/33768.htm | date=26 March 2013 | access-date=2 April 2013 | work=Cricket World}}</ref><br />
<br />
Since his performance at the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20]] event, Jadeja has been a consistent target of sarcasm and jokes on cricket portals and by Indian cricket fans.<ref name="sify" /> On Twitter and Facebook, he is jokingly referred to as ''Sir Ravindra Jadeja'' since an online joke calling him the same went viral.<ref name="sify">{{cite web| url=http://www.sify.com/sports/why-on-earth-is-he-sir-ravindra-jadeja-news-columns-ndupu9hdhba.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321000537/http://www.sify.com/sports/why-on-earth-is-he-sir-ravindra-jadeja-news-columns-ndupu9hdhba.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 March 2013 | title=Why on earth is he Sir Ravindra Jadeja? | last=Rajguru| first=Sunil | work=Sify | date=20 March 2013 | access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> When Jadeja was out clean bowled for 16 while not offering a shot in the February 2013 Chennai test against Australia, a cricket portal described his dismissal as "Jadeja falls 284 runs short of what would have been a fourth first-class triple-century".<ref name="sify" /> Following his good performance against Australia in the 2013 test series, there was a flurry of ''Jadeja jokes'' on Twitter comparing him to [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{cite news | title=सर रविंद्र जडेजा! ट्विटर पर चुटकुलों की भरमार |trans-title='Sir Ravindra Jadeja' – flurry of jokes on Twitter | url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/TOW-flurry-of-jokes-on-sir-ravindra-jadeja-as-india-won-kotla-test-4217618-NOR.html | date=25 March 2013 | access-date=2 April 2013 | work=Dainik Bhaskar | language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=MIND IT! सर रवींद्र जडेजा की बस में कंडक्टर थे रजनीकांत! |trans-title=Mind it – Rajnikanth was a conductor in the bus of Sir Ravindra Jadeja | url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/SPO-CRI-CRO-sir-ravindra-jadeja-a-hit-on-internet-after-delhi-win-4217647-PHO.html | date=25 March 2013 | access-date=2 April 2013 | work=Dainik Bhaskar | language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=रवींद्र जड़ेजा बने ट्वीटर पर मजाक |trans-title=Ravindra Jadeja becomes the butt of jokes on Twitter | url=http://hindi.webdunia.com/sports-cricket-news/रवींद्र-जड़ेजा-बने-ट्वीटर-पर-मजाक-1130325103_1.htm | date=25 March 2013 | access-date=2 April 2013 | work=Webdunia Hindi | language=hi}}</ref> His Wikipedia article was temporarily vandalized to mock him.<ref name="sify"/><ref>{{cite news | title=This Jadeja is also a cricketer... | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/1812888/report-this-jadeja-is-also-a-cricketer | date=19 March 2013 | access-date=5 April 2013 | work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Now it's Wikipedia's turn to mock Ravindra Jadeja | url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/cricket-articles/Now-it-rsquo-s-Wikipedia-rsquo-s-turn-to-mock-Ravindra-Jadeja/24173 | date=18 March 2013 | access-date=5 April 2013 | work=Cricket Country}}</ref><ref name="dna2"/> In April 2013, [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Suresh Raina]] and [[Ravichandran Ashwin]], teammates of Jadeja in [[Chennai Super Kings]], tweeted several ''Jadeja jokes'' on Twitter, in one of which Dhoni referred to him as ''Sri Sri Pandit Sir Lord Ravindra Jadeja''.<ref name="dna2">{{Cite web|last=Correspondent|first=dna|date=10 April 2013|title='Sir Jadeja' has a new fan - Dhoni|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-sir-jadeja-has-a-new-fan-dhoni-1820787|access-date=12 June 2021|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/dhonis-turn-to-pay-homage-to-sir-ravindra-jadeja-691935.html | title=Dhoni's turn to pay homage to 'Sir Ravindra Jadeja' | work=FirstPost | date=9 April 2013 | access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dhoni-in-awe-of-sir-jadeja/1100147/ | title=Dhoni in awe of 'Sir Jadeja' | work=The Indian Express | date=10 April 2013 | access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-10/news/38433058_1_saurashtra-all-rounder-chennai-super-kings-csk | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411202958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-10/news/38433058_1_saurashtra-all-rounder-chennai-super-kings-csk | url-status=dead | archive-date=11 April 2013 | title='Lord Jadeja' now a hit on the net, courtesy Dhoni! | date=10 April 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work=IBN Live| title=Et tu MS Dhoni? The funniest 'Sir Ravindra Jadeja' jokes | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/et-tu-ms-dhoni-the-funniest-sir-ravindra-jadeja-jokes/384346-77.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412154041/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/et-tu-ms-dhoni-the-funniest-sir-ravindra-jadeja-jokes/384346-77.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 April 2013 | date=10 April 2013 | access-date=10 April 2013}}</ref> In response, Jadeja said in April 2013 that it was a joke which everybody was enjoying, and that he had no problem with the prefix ''Sir''.<ref name="toijoke">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-14/news/38528461_1_chennai-super-kings-wicket-all-rounders | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417004117/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-14/news/38528461_1_chennai-super-kings-wicket-all-rounders | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 April 2013 | title='Sir' title is a joke: Ravindra Jadeja | date=14 April 2013 | access-date=15 April 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | quote=Calling it a 'joke', 'Sir' Ravindra Jadeja says he has no problem with the prefix before his name as long as his Chennai Super Kings and India teammates are enjoying the all-rounder's 'knighthood'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ravindra Jadeja doesn't take 'Sir' title seriously|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-15/news/38555179_1_no-ball-ms-dhoni-triple-hundreds|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418085535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-15/news/38555179_1_no-ball-ms-dhoni-triple-hundreds|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2013|access-date=11 June 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
For his flamboyancy with bat, ball and while fielding, Jadeja is often nicknamed 'Rockstar', as he was originally called by Shane Warne. His IPL jersey has the name 'Jaddu' on the back rather than Jadeja, and Dhoni can often be heard calling him this from behind the stumps.{{cn needed|date=July 2022}} Jadeja's sword celebration has been a popular feature of world cricket over the years, as he usually brings this out after scoring a 50 or a 100.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=WATCH: 'Rajput boy' Jadeja impresses fans with his sword swinging skills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/rajput-boy-jadeja-impresses-fans-with-his-sword-swinging-skills/articleshow/75111110.cms |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=The Times of India |date= 12 April 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ind vs SL: Ravindra Jadeja slams 2nd Test century, brings out sword celebration- watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ind-vs-sl-ravindra-jadeja-scores-2nd-test-century-brings-out-sword-celebration-watch-article-90008783 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=TimesNow |date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=Watch: Virat Kohli's priceless reaction after Ravindra Jadeja celebrates century with sword celebration against England |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/watch-virat-kohli-s-priceless-reaction-after-ravindra-jadeja-celebrates-century-with-sword-celebration-against-england-101656757966231.html |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Though, he has often been criticised for his caste reference regarding the sword celebration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moudgal |first1=Prasen |title=Ravindra Jadeja's sword-play was just a show of skill. Leave his caste out of it. |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/why-is-ravindra-jadeja-being-dragged-into-a-caste-based-controversy-on-twitter |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=Sportskeeda |date=23 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Caste"/><br />
<br />
During the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]], commentator [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] criticised Jadeja by calling him a 'bits and pieces player'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2021 |title='Jadeja doesn't know English': Sanjay Manjrekar in troubled waters after Twitter user posts alleged chat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/jadeja-doesnt-know-english-7350814/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The former apologised after Jadeja's performance at the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Bits and pieces player just ripped me apart,' Sanjay Manjrekar hails Ravindra Jadeja's heroic effort |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/sanjay-manjrekar-apologises-to-ravindra-jadeja-says-bits-and-pieces-ripped-me-apart-on-all-fronts-icc-world-cup/451981 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=Times Now |date=11 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* [[ICC ODI Team of the Year]]: 2013, 2016<br />
* [[BCCI Awards|Madhavrao Scindia Award]] for most wickets in [[Ranji Trophy]]: 2008–09<br />
*Ranked 1st in [[ICC Men's Player Rankings|ICC Top 10 Test all-rounders]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/ranking/test/all-rounder/|title=ICC Player Rankings|website=www.relianceiccrankings.com|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><br />
* [[Arjuna Award]] : [[List of Arjuna Award recipients (2010–2019)|2019]]<ref>{{cite news |date=28 August 2019 |title=Ravindra Jadeja and Poonam Yadav receive Arjuna Awards |language=en |work=www.espncricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-and-poonam-yadav-receive-arjuna-awards-1199018 |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*{{Cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/234675.html}}<br />
*[http://www.wisdenindia.com/player/India/Ravindra-Jadeja/3273.htm Ravindra Jadeja]'s profile page on ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden.com]]'' ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104119/http://www.wisdenindia.com/player/India/Ravindra-Jadeja/3273.htm |date=4 March 2016 }})<br />
<br />
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[[Category:Indian Hindus]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Siraj&diff=434848Mohammed Siraj2023-10-11T17:56:27Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: International information update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1994)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Mohammed Siraj <br />
| image = Mohammed Siraj.jpg<br />
| caption = Siraj in 2017<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|3|13|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]<br />
| batting = Right-handed <br />
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]]<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Data check: Mohammed Siraj, Prasidh Krishna dominate fastest deliveries list for IPL 2021 so far|url=https://scroll.in/field/993467/data-check-mohammed-siraj-prasidh-krishna-dominate-fastest-deliveries-list-for-ipl-2021-so-far|access-date=28 July 2021|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]<br />
<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2017–present<br />
| country = India<br />
<br />
| testdebutdate = 26 December<br />
| testdebutyear = 2020<br />
| testdebutagainst = Australia<br />
| testcap = 298<br />
| lasttestagainst = Australia <br />
| lasttestdate = 1 March<br />
| lasttestyear = 2023<br />
<br />
| odidebutdate = 15 January<br />
| odidebutyear = 2019<br />
| odidebutagainst = Australia<br />
| odicap = 225<br />
| odishirt = 73<br />
| lastodidate = 11 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = Afghanistan<br />
<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 4 November <br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2017<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = New Zealand<br />
| T20Icap = 71<br />
| T20Ishirt = 73 (formerly 13)<br />
| lastT20Idate = 22 November<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2022<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand<br />
<br />
| club1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]<br />
| year1 = 2015–present<br />
| club2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]<br />
| year2 = 2017<br />
| clubnumber2 = 13<br />
| club3 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]<br />
| year3 = 2018–present<br />
| clubnumber3 = 73<br />
| club4 = [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]]<br />
| year4 = 2022<br />
| clubnumber4 = 73<br />
<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| matches1 = 21<br />
| runs1 = 80<br />
| bat avg1 = 5.26<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0<br />
| top score1 = 16[[not out|*]]<br />
| deliveries1 = 2,857<br />
| wickets1 = 59<br />
| bowl avg1 = 30.23<br />
| fivefor1 = 2<br />
| tenfor1 = 0<br />
| best bowling1 = 5/60<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 10/–<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| matches2 = 29<br />
| runs2 = 36<br />
<br />
| bat avg2 = 7.20<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0<br />
| top score2 = 9<br />
| deliveries2 = 1118<br />
| wickets2 = 53<br />
| bowl avg2 = 19.11<br />
| fivefor2 = 1<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| best bowling2 = 6/21<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 6/–<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 Internationals|T20I]]<br />
| matches3 = 8<br />
| runs3 = 5<br />
| bat avg3 = 5.00<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0<br />
| top score3 = 5<br />
| deliveries3 = 192<br />
| wickets3 = 11<br />
| bowl avg3 = 26.72<br />
| fivefor3 = 0<br />
| tenfor3 = 0<br />
| best bowling3 = 4/17<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 2/–<br />
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches4 = 61<br />
| runs4 = 426<br />
| bat avg4 = 7.22<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0<br />
| top score4 = 46<br />
| deliveries4 = 9,859<br />
| wickets4 = 207<br />
| bowl avg4 = 25.10<br />
| fivefor4 = 7<br />
| tenfor4 = 2<br />
| best bowling4 = 8/59<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 16/–<br />
<br />
| date = 17 September 2023<br />
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/940973.html Cricinfo<br />
|height=5 ft 10 in<ref>[https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/mohammed-siraj Mohammed Siraj’s profile] on [[Sportskeeda]]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
'''Mohammed Siraj''' (born 13 March 1994) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who joined the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]] in 2017 as a Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] bowler. He plays for [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] and [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] in domestic cricket. As of September 2023, Siraj is currently ranked World No. 1 in the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] men's ODI bowlers rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC Men's ODI Bowling {{!}} Player Rankings {{!}} ICC |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/player-rankings/odi/bowling |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Siraj was born on 13 March 1994 in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]. His father Mohammed Gaus was an [[Auto Rickshaw]] Driver, and his mother Shabana Begum is a [[Housewife]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/siraj-living-life-in-the-fast-lane/article17856628.ece|title=Siraj living life in the fast lane|last=Subrahmanyam|first=V. v|date=7 April 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=15 September 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Muslim cricketers Umran Malik and Mohammad Siraj trolled by Hindu right-wing for not wearing Tilak |url=https://muslimmirror.com/eng/indian-muslim-cricketers-umran-malik-and-mohammad-siraj-trolled-by-hindu-right-wing-for-not-wearing-tilak/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |work=Muslim Mirror |date=6 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=Prakash |title="Miss You Papa": Mohammed Siraj's Emotional Post On First Eid After Father's Death |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/mohammed-sirajs-emotional-post-on-first-eid-after-fathers-death-2441879 |access-date=17 September 2023 |work=Sports NDTV |date=14 May 2021}}</ref> He has an older brother Mohammed Ismail who is an [[Engineer]] . Mohammed Siraj was born and raised in a devout [[Muslim]] family.<br />
<br />
==Domestic career==<br />
Siraj made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 15 November 2015 under the coaching of Karthik Udupa playing for [[Hyderabad]] in the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]] tournament.<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901851.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group C: Services v Hyderabad (India) at Delhi, Nov 15-18, 2015 |access-date=13 December 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 2 January 2016 in the [[2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] tournament.<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/902089.html |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Group A: Bengal v Hyderabad (India) at Nagpur, Jan 2, 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> During the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]] tournament, he was the highest wicket-taker for Hyderabad with 41 wickets at an average of 18.92.<ref name="Hyderabad Ranji Trophy 2016-2017 Statistics">{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=11519;team=1815;type=tournament |title=Hyderabad Ranji Trophy 2016-2017 Statistics |access-date=23 March 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2017, he was bought by the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] team for the [[2017 Indian Premier League]] for 2.6 [[crore]]s.<ref name="IPL">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1083407.html |title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2017 |access-date=20 February 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2018, he was the leading wicket-taker in the [[2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], with 23 dismissals in seven matches.<ref name="VH1718">{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=12016;type=tournament |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2017/18:Most Wickets |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In October 2018, he was named in [[India A cricket team|India A]]'s squad for the [[2018–19 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1162570.html |title=Rahane, Ashwin and Karthik to play Deodhar Trophy |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> In October 2019, he was named in [[India B cricket team|India B]]'s squad for the [[2019–20 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-squads-india-a-india-b-india-c-parthiv-patel-shubman-gill-anuma-vihari-ranchi/article29788595.ece |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019: Hanuma Vihari, Parthiv, Shubman to lead; Yashasvi earns call-up |work=SportStar |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 21 October 2020, he became the first bowler in the history of [[Indian Premier League]] to bowl back to back [[Over (cricket)|maiden overs]] in a single match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/mohammed-siraj-kkr-vs-rcb-ipl-2020-two-maiden-record-6821952/ |title=Mohammad Siraj became the first bowler to bowl two maidens in a IPL match with figures of 3 wickets for 8 runs in 4 overs. |access-date= 21 October 2020 |work= The Indian Express|date=21 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1216494/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-39th-match-indian-premier-league-2020-21 |title=Mohammed Siraj's record-breaking night stuns Kolkata Knight Riders |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
In October 2017, he was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their series [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2017–18|against New Zealand]].<ref name="IndT20I">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21122781/shreyas-iyer,-mohammed-siraj-called-new-zealand-t20is |title=Iyer, Siraj called up for New Zealand T20Is |access-date=23 October 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his T20I debut for India against New Zealand on 4 November 2017, taking the wicket of [[Kane Williamson]], finishing with figures of 1 wicket for 53 runs from four overs.<ref name="T20I">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1120094.html |title=2nd T20I (N), New Zealand tour of India at Rajkot, Nov 4 2017 |access-date=4 November 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2018, he was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for the [[2018 Nidahas Trophy]].<ref name="India">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17166/rohit-sharma-to-lead-india-in-nidahas-trophy-2018 |title=Rohit Sharma to lead India in Nidahas Trophy 2018 | work=BCCI Press Release|access-date=25 February 2018 |date=25 February 2018}}</ref> In September 2018, he was named in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their series [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2018–19|against the West Indies]], but he did not play.<ref name="IndTest">{{cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17671/indian-team-for-paytm-test-series-against-windies-announced |title=Indian team for Paytm Test series against Windies announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|against Australia]].<ref name="IndODI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17902/indias-odi-squad-against-australia-announced-squads-for-new-zealand-tour-declared |title=India's ODI squad against Australia announced; squads for New Zealand tour declared |work=The Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref> He made his ODI debut against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] at the [[Adelaide Oval]] on 15 January 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=India vs Australia: Mohammed Siraj makes ODI debut in Adelaide|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-australia-2nd-odi-mohammed-siraj-debut-5538729/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=15 January 2019 |language=en |date=15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Recent Match Report - Australia vs India 2nd ODI 2019 {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18693/report/1144998/australia-vs-india-2nd-odi-india-in-aus-2018-19 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 October 2020, Siraj was named in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their series [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|against Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-tour-of-australia-rohit-sharma-ishant-sharma-not-part-of-india-squad/story-TiCqtmkq15lQ8szIoV5tZM.html |title=Indian team for Australia series: Rohit Sharma not named in squads for all formats due to injury concern, Varun Chakravarthy included for T20Is |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref> After some deliberation to choose between [[Navdeep Saini]] and Siraj following an injury to [[Mohammad Shami]], Siraj was chosen ahead of Saini, and he made his Test debut for India on 26 December 2020, against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1223870.html |title=2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 26 - Dec 30 2020, India tour of Australia |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yorkerworld.com/mohammed-siraj-or-navdeep-saini-the-better-pick-for-tests |title=Navdeep Saini or Mohammed Siraj, the Better Pick |work=Yorker World |date=29 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> His first Test wicket was of [[Marnus Labuschagne]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=India vs Australia, Boxing Day Test: Mohammed Siraj shines on debut|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-tour-of-australia/news/india-vs-australia-boxing-day-test-mcg-mohammed-siraj-shubman-gill-debut-labuschagne-green-wicket-sports-news/article33422078.ece|access-date=26 December 2020|website=Sportstar|date=26 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2021, during the fourth Test of the series against Australia, Siraj took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/cricket/story/australia-vs-india-mohammed-siraj-5-wicket-haul-brisbane-test-elite-list-top-bowling-1760124-2021-01-18|title=Brisbane Test: Mohammed Siraj enters elite list with 5-wicket haul, tops India bowling charts in maiden series|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, Siraj placed important role in the Ind vs NZ ODI series. He took 4 wickets in the first ODI which helped the team to win the match for 12 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket scorecard - India vs New Zealand, 1st ODI, New Zealand tour of India, 2023 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/59981/ind-vs-nz-1st-odi-new-zealand-tour-of-india-2023 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On January 21, 2023 Siraj became the No. 1 ODI Bowler in [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] ODI Rankings for Bowlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/icc-odi-rankings-mohammed-siraj-becomes-the-number-one-bowler-in-odis-news-256628|title=ICC ODI Rankings: Mohammed Siraj Becomes The Number One Bowler In ODIs}}</ref><br />
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On August 21 2023, Siraj was selected to play for [[India National Cricket Team|India]] and his name was included in the 15 Man squad announced by [[BCCI]] ahead of [[2023 Asia Cup]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/210823/asia-cup-2023-india-squad-checkplayerslist.html |title=India Squad announced for Asia Cup| work=Deccan Chronicle | date=4 September 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
On September 17 2023, in the [[2023 Asia Cup final|Asia Cup final]], Siraj became the joint fastest bowler to take a 6 wicket haul in ODIs equaling [[Chaminda Vaas|Chaminda Vaas's]] record of taking 5 wicket in 16 balls against Bangladesh in [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-17 |title=Mohammed Siraj's record-breaking Colombo show hands Sri Lanka unwanted 23-year-old Asia Cup low in final vs India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mohammed-siraj-record-breaking-colombo-show-hands-sri-lanka-unwanted-23-year-old-asia-cup-low-in-final-vs-india-101694950675447.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He ended with a career best figure of 6/21 and also became the 1st Indian to take 4 wickets in an over.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-09-17 |title=Asia Cup Final: Siraj becomes first Indian bowler to take 4 wickets in 1 over |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/asia-cup-2023-final-mohammad-siraj-becomes-first-indian-bowler-ta-take-4-wickets-in-one-over-11694950410401.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}jsnwnsjsajajsnaj<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=940973}}<br />
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{{India Squad 2023 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India 2023 Cricket World Cup squad}}<br />
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{{Hyderabad cricket squad}}<br />
{{Royal Challengers Bangalore squad}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Siraj, Mohammed}}<br />
[[Category:1994 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]<br />
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[[Category:Cricketers from Hyderabad, India]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardik_Pandya&diff=434677Hardik Pandya2023-10-11T17:52:02Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: International information update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1993)}}<br />
<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Hardik Pandya<br />
| image = File:Hardik Pandya (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Pandya in August 2015<br />
| fullname = Hardik Himanshu Pandya<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|10|11|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Choryasi]], [[Surat District|Surat]], [[Gujarat]], India<br />
| nickname = Kung Fu Pandya,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardik 'Kung Fu' Pandya's 37 Ball Ton Gets Praise from Natasa Stankovic|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/hardik-kung-fu-pandyas-37-ball-ton-gets-praise-from-natasa-stankovic-2525557.html|access-date=27 March 2021|website=News18|date=4 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Hairy<ref>{{cite web|title=Virat as 'Cheeku', Dhoni as 'Mahi' - The fascinating story behind the nicknames of Indian cricketers|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-watch-revealed-here-s-why-virat-kohli-is-called-cheeku-or-ms-dhoni-is-addressed-as-mahi-2186522|publisher=DNA India|access-date=3 August 2016}}</ref><br />
| heightm = 1.83<br />
| batting = Right-handed<br />
| bowling = Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]]<br />
| role = [[All-rounder]]<br />
| family = {{ubl|[[Krunal Pandya]] (brother)|[[Nataša Stanković]] (wife)}}<!--SPOUSE IS AN UNRECOGNIZED PARAMETER. DON'T CHANGE THIS.--><br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2016–present<br />
| country = India<br />
<br />
| testdebutdate = 26 July<br />
| testdebutyear = 2017<br />
| testdebutagainst = Sri Lanka<br />
| testcap = 289<br />
| lasttestdate = 30 August<br />
| lasttestyear = 2018<br />
| lasttestagainst = England<br />
<br />
| odicap = 215<br />
| odidebutagainst = New Zealand<br />
| odidebutdate = 16 October<br />
| odidebutyear = 2016<br />
| lastodidate = 11 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = Afghanistan<br />
| odishirt = 33 (formerly 11)<br />
<br />
| T20Icap = 58<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = Australia<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 26 January<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2016<br />
| lastT20Idate = 13 August<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2023<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = West Indies<br />
| T20Ishirt = 33 (formerly 11, 228)<br />
<br />
| club1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]<br />
| year1 = 2012/13–present<br />
| clubnumber1 = <br />
| club2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]<br />
| year2 = 2015–2021<br />
| clubnumber2 = 33<br />
| club3= [[Gujarat Titans]]<br />
| year3 = 2022–Present<br />
| clubnumber3 = 33<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br />
| matches1 = 11<br />
| matches2 = 81<br />
| matches3 = 87<br />
| runs1 = 532<br />
| runs2 = 1718<br />
| runs3 = 1251<br />
| bat avg1 = 31.29<br />
| bat avg2 = 33.80<br />
| bat avg3 = 25.77<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 1/4<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 0/11<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/3<br />
| top score1 = 108<br />
| top score2 = 92[[not out|*]]<br />
| top score3 = 71[[not out|*]]<br />
| deliveries1 = 937<br />
| deliveries2 = 3086<br />
| deliveries3 = 1343<br />
| wickets1 = 17<br />
| wickets2 = 76<br />
| wickets3 = 69<br />
| bowl avg1 = 31.05<br />
| bowl avg2 = 37.42<br />
| bowl avg3 = 27.33<br />
| fivefor1 = 1<br />
| fivefor2 = 0<br />
| fivefor3 = 0<br />
| tenfor1 = 0<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| tenfor3 = 0<br />
| best bowling1 = 5/28<br />
| best bowling2 = 4/24<br />
| best bowling3 = 4/16<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 7/–<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 30/–<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 30/–<br />
| column4=[[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches4=29<br />
| runs4=1351<br />
| bat avg4=30.02<br />
| 100s/50s4=1/10<br />
| top score4=108*<br />
| deliveries4=2694<br />
| wickets4=48<br />
| best bowling4=5/28<br />
| bowl avg4=30.95<br />
| fivefor4=3<br />
| tenfor4=0<br />
| catches/stumpings4=14/–<br />
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/625371.html ESPNcricinfo<br />
| date = 13 September 2023<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hardik Himanshu Pandya''' (born 11 October 1993) is an Indian cricketer who is the current [[Vice Captain (cricket)|vice-captain]] of the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] in [[Limited overs cricket|limited overs format]]. A batting [[All-rounder|all-rounder]] who can also bowl right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] deliveries, Pandya has represented India in all 3 formats. He currently plays for the [[Baroda cricket team]] in domestic cricket and is captain of the [[Gujarat Titans]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) whom he led to their maiden IPL title in the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 edition]]. His elder brother [[Krunal Pandya]] is also a professional cricketer.<br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Hardik Pandya was born on 11 October 1993 in [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]. His father, Himanshu Pandya, ran a small car finance business in Surat which he shut down and moved to [[Vadodara]] when Hardik was five to provide his sons with better cricket training facilities. Himanshu Pandya worked as a Loan agent in Vadodara.<ref name=":0" /> He enrolled his two sons into [[Kiran More]]'s cricket academy{{Which|date=September 2022}} in [[Vadodara]].<ref name=sixweeks>{{cite news|last1=Mehta|first1=Jigar|title=From unknown game-changer to national team: The six weeks that changed Hardik Pandya's life|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/from-unknown-game-changer-to-national-team-six-weeks-that-changed-hardik-pandyas-life-2563550.html|access-date=2 June 2017|work=Firstpost|date=25 February 2016}}</ref> Lacking finances, the Pandya family lived in a rented apartment in [[Gorwa]], with the brothers using a second-hand car to travel to the cricket ground.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Tere|first1=Tushar|title=Pandya brothers finally build their dream home|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/pandya-brothers-finally-build-their-dream-home/articleshow/58831111.cms|access-date=2 June 2017|work=The Times of India|date=25 May 2017}}</ref> Hardik studied at the MK High School until ninth grade before dropping out to focus on cricket.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tere|first1=Tushar|title=Every individual has different set of talents|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Every-individual-has-different-set-of-talents/articleshow/47703096.cms|access-date=2 June 2017|work=The Times of India|date=17 January 2015}}</ref><br />
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Hardik made steady progress in junior-level cricket, and according to [[Krunal Pandya|Krunal]], "won a lot of matches single-handedly" in [[club cricket]].<ref name=sixweeks/> {{Primary source inline|date=September 2022}}In an interview with ''[[the Indian Express]]'', Hardik revealed that he was dropped from his state age-group teams due to his "attitude problems". He added that he was "just an expressive child" who did not "like to hide his emotions."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sundaresan|first1=Bharat|title=I always dreamt big. I wanted cars…and the only way I could get that was through my sport, says Hardik Pandya|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/i-always-dreamt-big-i-wanted-cars-and-the-only-way-i-could-get-that-was-through-my-sport-hardik-pandya-4674067/|access-date=2 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=26 May 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to his father, Hardik was a [[leg spinner]] until the age of 18 and turned to [[fast bowling]] at the insistence of the [[Baroda State|Baroda]] coach [[Sanath Kumar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=When Hardik Pandya did a Virat Kohli to surprise his coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-england/when-hardik-pandya-did-a-virat-kohli-to-surprise-his-coach/articleshow/65473792.cms |access-date=20 August 2018 |work=The Times of India |date=20 August 2018}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=September 2022}}<br />
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== Domestic career ==<br />
Pandya has been playing for the [[Baroda cricket team]] since 2013. He played a vital role in helping Baroda win the [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] in the 2013–14 season. In January 2016, he slammed eight sixes during his innings, scoring 86 runs not-out, to guide the [[Baroda cricket team]] to a six-wicket win over [[Vidarbha cricket team]] for the [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8661/report/955049/kerala-vs-mumbai-super-league-group-a-syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2015-16|title=Recent Match Report - Kerala vs Mumbai Super League Group A 2016 &#124; ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
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===Indian Premier League===<br />
Pandya played for the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] from 2015 to 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=CricAddictor |date=2022-04-16 |title=IPL 2022: Ravi Shastri Feels Mumbai Indians Made Big Mistake By Not Retaining Hardik Pandya |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-2022/ipl-2022-ravi-shastri-feels-mumbai-indians-made-big-mistake-by-not-retaining-hardik-pandya/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardik Pandya Profile |url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com/players/63751-hardik-pandya-profile |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=Mumbai Indians |language=en}}</ref> Against the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]], in a must-win situation for [[Mumbai Indians]] to remain in the playoff race, he scored 61 runs off 31 balls to win the match for his side, earning him his second man of the match award in the season.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of players sold in IPL 8 auction|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/icc-world-cup-2015/ipl/ipl-8-auction/List-of-players-sold-in-IPL-8-auction/articleshow/46261483.cms|access-date=18 April 2015|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
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Ahead of the IPL 2022 mega auction, Pandya was released by the [[Mumbai Indians]]. He was then drafted by the new [[Ahmedabad]] franchise, [[Gujarat Titans]], and named captain of the team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title='All good things must end', says Hardik Pandya after being released by Mumbai Indians |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/all-good-things-must-end-says-hardik-pandya-after-being-released-by-mumbai-indians/articleshow/88055539.cms |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Hardik Pandya announced as captain of Ahmedabad team for IPL 2022, Rashid Khan and Shubman Gill included as draft picks |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/hardik-pandya-named-captain-of-ahmedabad-ipl-team-for-ipl-2022-rashid-khan-and-shubman-named-as-draft-picks-101642783655545.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He led Gujarat to their maiden IPL title in 2022, becoming the first captain after [[Shane Warne]] to lead a team to the title in its first year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All-round Hardik Pandya leads debutants Gujarat Titans to dream title|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-1312200/match-report|access-date=1 June 2022|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
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==International career==<br />
=== T20Is ===<br />
Pandya made his [[Twenty20 International]] debut for India on 27 January 2016 at the age of 22, picking up 2 wickets [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2015–16|against Australia]].<ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895817.html |title=India tour of Australia, 1st T2020I: Australia v India at Adelaide, Jan 26, 2016 |access-date=26 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> His first Twenty20 International wicket was [[Chris Lynn]]. In the second T20I against [[Sri Lanka cricket team]] at [[Ranchi]], he batted ahead of [[Yuvraj Singh]] and [[MS Dhoni]] and hit 27 off 14 balls before becoming hat-trick victim of [[Thisara Perera]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8426/report/963699/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-t20i-sri-lanka-tour-of-india-and-bangladesh-2015-16|title=Recent Match Report - India vs Sri Lanka 2nd T20I 2016 &#124; ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In [[2016 Asia Cup|Asia Cup 2016]], Pandya smashed an 18-ball 31 helping India post a respectable score against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]]. Later on, he also picked up a wicket to secure the win. In the next match against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] he bowled his best figures of 3 for 8 which restricted Pakistan to 83. In a [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 World Twenty20]] match against Bangladesh on 23 March, Pandya took two crucial wickets in the last three balls of match's final over as India beat Bangladesh by one run.<ref>{{cite news|title=India win after WWW in last three balls|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/988173.html|access-date=27 July 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 March 2016}}</ref> His career best bowling figures of 4 for 38 was achieved in the 3rd and final Twenty20 International against England on 8 July 2018, he got 33 Not Out in 14 balls, hitting the winning runs with a six off Jordan. Hardik became first Indian to take 4 wickets and score above 30 runs in a T20I in the same match.<ref>{{cite web |title=England vs India, 3rd T20I, India tour of England, 2018 |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/18879/eng-vs-ind-3rd-t20i-india-tour-of-england-2018 |publisher=Cricbuzz |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In September 2021, Pandya was named in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-mentor-1276821 |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni mentor |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> However, Pandya failed to make an impact as was expected. He scored 11 against Pakistan, which India lost by 10 wickets. His subsequent innings of 23 against New Zealand did not help to further India's cause in the tournament as losing against New Zealand meant India crashed out of the World Cup despite winning big over inexperienced teams like Afghanistan, Scotland, and Namibia. Pandya was picked as an allrounder. However he only bowled 2 overs against New Zealand without picking any wickets and giving away 17 runs. His lack of runs and inability to contribute with the ball led to his dropping from the squad for the T20I series that followed the World Cup against New Zealand.<br />
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In June 2022, Pandya was named India's captain for their T20I matches [[Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2022|against Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ire-vs-india-hardik-pandya-to-captain-india-in-ireland-t20is-rahul-tripathi-gets-maiden-call-up-1320109 |title=Hardik Pandya to captain India in Ireland T20Is; Rahul Tripathi gets maiden call-up |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><br />
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On July 7, 2022, Pandya achieved his first T20 international [[Half-century (cricket)|half-century]] against [[England cricket team|England]] at [[The Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|The Rose Bowl]] ground in [[Southampton]], scoring 51 runs on 33 balls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardik Pandya shines with bat and ball as India go 1-0 up |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-england-2022-1276893/england-vs-india-1st-t20i-1276904/match-report |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Pandya also took 4 wickets, making him the first Indian player to record a half-century and take 4 wickets in a single T20 international match.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-07 |title=Hardik Pandya's all-round display gives India opening T20 win over England |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/07/hardik-pandyas-all-round-display-gives-india-opening-t20-win-over-england |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== ODI career ===<br />
Pandya made his [[One Day International]] (ODI) debut for India [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2016–17|against New Zealand]] on 16 October 2016 at [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|Dharamshala]]. He became the fourth Indian to be named player of the match on ODI debut after [[Sandeep Patil]], [[Mohit Sharma]] and [[K. L. Rahul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1061890.html|title=Pandya's debut three-for sets up India's six-wicket win|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> In his first ODI innings as a batsman, he scored 36 runs from 32 balls. In the group stages of [[ICC Champions Trophy]], Pandya hit three consecutive sixes off [[Imad Wasim]] in the same over before rain stopped play. On 18 June 2017, in the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final]] of the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]] at [[the Oval]], he struck a 43-ball 76 in a losing cause, after coming in with India at 54/5 following a [[Batting order (cricket)|top order]] collapse.<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Pakistan final, ICC Champions Trophy 2017: Hardik Pandya etches his name in record books with fearless batting|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-pakistan-final-icc-champions-trophy-2017-hardik-pandyas-etches-his-name-in-record-books-with-fearless-batting/|access-date=27 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=18 June 2017}}</ref><br />
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He was selected in the ODI XI of the year 2017 by Cricinfo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/review2017/content/story/1130951.html|title=Take them on if you dare|date=3 January 2018|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|India's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26528278/rahul-karthik-pant-rayudu-india-world-cup-squad |title=Rahul and Karthik in, Pant and Rayudu out of India's World Cup squad |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1179330 |title=Dinesh Karthik, Vijay Shankar in India's World Cup squad |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref> On 27 June 2019, in the match against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], Pandya played in his 50th ODI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/preview/1144516/india-vs-west-indies-34th-match-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019 |title=India's shaky middle order in focus against teetering West Indies |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 June 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 17 July 2022, Pandya bowled his ODI career-best 4–24 against [[England cricket team|England]] in [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]]. His 71 runs scored during the 2nd innings of the same match made him the first Indian player to score a [[Half-century (cricket)|half-century]] and take 4 wickets in an ODI since [[Yuvraj Singh]] in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pandya and Chahal restrict England to 259 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-england-2022-1276893/england-vs-india-3rd-odi-1276909/match-report |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Test career ===<br />
Pandya was included in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their home series [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|against England]] in late 2016,<ref name="IndTest">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1064385.html|title=Rohit, Rahul and Dhawan to miss first two England Tests|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> but was eventually left out after he injured himself while training in the nets at the [[PCA Stadium]].<ref name="RP">{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1069176.html|title=Injured Hardik Pandya, KL Rahul released from India squad|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> He was named in the squad that [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2017|toured Sri Lanka]] in July 2017 and played his first Test on 26 July in [[Galle International Stadium|Galle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Sri Lanka: Hardik Pandya expresses elation in Test debut|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-sri-lanka-hardik-pandya-expresses-elation-in-test-debut-4768394/|access-date=27 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=26 July 2017}}</ref> In the 3rd and the final [[Test cricket|Test match]] against Sri Lanka at [[Pallekele International Cricket Stadium|Pallekele]], Pandya scored his maiden Test century, and set the record for becoming the first Indian batsman to score a Test century just before lunch. He also set the record for scoring the most runs in a single over of a Test innings for India, scoring 26 runs, which was later surpassed by [[Jasprit Bumrah]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/sri-lanka-vs-india-2017/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-test-hardik-pandya-leaves-several-records-shattered-with-counter-punching-kno-1737174|title=India vs Sri Lanka, 3rd Test: Hardik Pandya Leaves Several Records Shattered With Counter-Punching Knock|work=NDTVSports.com|access-date=14 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-india-2017/content/story/1116423.html|title=Pandya's sprint before lunch|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/stats-hardik-pandya-s-record-breaking-century|title=Stats: Hardik Pandya's record-breaking century|date=13 August 2017|access-date=14 August 2017}}</ref> This century was his first century in international cricket.<br />
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== Personal life ==<br />
[[File:Krunal Pandya and Hardik Pandya (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Pandya with brother [[Krunal Pandya|Krunal]] during [[Mumbai Indians]]' victory celebration after [[2017 Indian Premier League]]]]<br />
Pandya's brother [[Krunal Pandya|Krunal]] has also played for [[India national cricket team|India]] and the [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krunal Pandya profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/krunal-pandya-471342|access-date=23 October 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> Their father, Himanshu Pandya died in January 2021 of cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 March 2021|title='This one is for my dad': Krunal Pandya breaks down in tears after smashing fastest 50 by ODI debutant|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/krunal-pandya-breaks-down-interview-fastest-50-by-odi-debutant-7241572/|access-date=25 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Pandya got engaged to dancer and actress [[Nataša Stanković]] in January 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/hardik-pandya-announces-engagement-with-serbian-actress-natasa-stankovic/articleshow/73058968.cms|title=Hardik Pandya announces engagement with Serbian actress Natasa Stankovic|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> in July 2020 their first child Agastya Pandya was born.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hardik-pandya-and-natasa-stankovic-become-parents-blessed-with-a-baby-boy/articleshow/77260936.cms|title=Hardik Pandya and Natasa Stankovic become parents, blessed with a baby boy |website=The Times of India}}</ref> On 14 February 2023, the couple renewed their wedding vows in a ceremony in [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hardik Pandya and Nataša Stankovic set to marry again in Udaipur on Valentine's Day |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/hardik-pandya-and-nataa-stankovic-set-to-marry-again-in-udaipur-on-valentines-day-check-details-here/articleshow/97843789.cms |access-date=25 May 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 February 2023 }}</ref><br />
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== Controversy ==<br />
In January 2019, Pandya appeared with teammate [[K. L. Rahul]] on the show [[Koffee with Karan]], and made several controversial comments which were met with immediate public backlash. During the interview, Pandya spoke about how he had proudly informed his parents of his first sexual encounter, which was well received by them. He also proclaimed that he likes to "observe how women move" at high-end bars and nightclubs, as well as on social media and then went on to liken himself to a black person saying, "I'm a little from the black side so I need to see how they move".<ref>{{cite web |title=How Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul got into trouble for Koffee with Karan: A timeline |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/hardik-pandya-kl-rahul-koffee-with-karan-controversy-timeline-1430046-2019-01-13 |work=India Today|access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2019|title=Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul banned by India over Koffee with Karan comments|language=en-gb|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/46849441|access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="comments"/> The public categorized his monologue as indecent, derogatory, misogynistic and disgraceful.<ref name="padya apology thh">{{cite news |title=After backlash, Hardik Pandya apologizes for comments on 'Koffee With Karan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/after-backlash-hardik-pandya-apologises-for-comments-on-koffee-with-karan/article25947563.ece |work=The Hindu|date=9 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="toi report"/> Pandya apologized for his remarks by saying that he had gotten carried away by the nature of the show.<ref name="thehindu rep"/><ref name="padya apology thh"/><br />
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The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) responded to the controversy by saying, "It will be considered whether players should even be allowed to appear on such TV shows which have got nothing to do with cricket."<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Gave Hardik Pandya And KL Rahul Permission To Appear on TV Show?": BCCI Treasurer Asks |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/who-gave-hardik-pandya-and-kl-rahul-permission-to-appear-on-tv-show-bcci-treasurer-asks-1975884 |website=sports.ndtv.com |publisher=NDTV |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="thehindu rep" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-australia/hardik-pandya-kl-rahul-showcaused-bcci-considers-barring-players-from-non-cricket-shows/articleshow/67450497.cms|title=Hardik Pandya, KL Rahul showcaused; BCCI considers barring players from non-cricket shows|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> The BCCI found the comments as very crass, sexist and cringeworthy,<ref name="toi report">{{cite web |title=Hardik Pandya, KL Rahul get flak for 'crass, sexist' talk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-australia/hardik-rahul-get-flak-for-crass-sexist-talk/articleshow/67464413.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=TOI |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> and was not impressed by the apology, seeking appropriate legal action into the matter as it was a breach of conduct.<ref name="thehindu rep">{{cite news |title=Vinod Rai recommends two ODI ban on Hardik Pandya, K.L. Rahul for 'crass' comments on women on Koffee with Karan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/vinod-rai-recommends-2-odi-ban-for-hardik-pandya-kl-rahul-for-tv-show-comments/article25958686.ece |work=The Hindu|date=10 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019|last1=Viswanath |first1=G. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BCCI mulls 2-match suspension for Hardik, KL Rahul after sexist remarks on TV show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/hardik-pandya-koffee-with-karan-bcci-punishment-1427746-2019-01-10 |work=India Today|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> Both Pandya and Rahul were handed a suspension until a pending investigation and were called back from the ongoing tours of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/106086/india-cricket-team-hardik-pandya-kl-rahul-suspended-pending-inquiry|title= Hardik Pandya, KL Rahul suspended pending inquiry|publisher=Cricbuzz|date=11 January 2019|access-date= 11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="comments">{{cite news |title=Comments on TV show: Hardik Pandya, KL Rahul suspended pending inquiry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/comments-on-tv-show-hardik-pandya-kl-rahul-suspended-pending-inquiry/article25970330.ece?homepage=true |work=The Hindu| date=11 January 2019 |access-date=11 January 2019| last1=Viswanath | first1=G. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/971582 |title=Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul both suspended with immediate effect |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Furthermore, on 13 January 2019, [[Gillette]] suspended their brand association with Pandya for its [[Gillette Mach3|Mach3]] razor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brand Hardik Pandya takes a hit, loses sponsor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/brand-hardik-pandya-takes-a-hit-loses-sponsor/articleshow/67497465.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=TOI |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gillette suspends brand association with Hardik Pandya |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/gillette-suspends-brand-association-with-hardik-pandya |website=sportskeeda.com |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> On 24 January 2019, after lifting the suspension on Pandya and Rahul, the BCCI announced that Pandya would re-join the squad for the matches in [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25840027/pandya-rahul-suspensions-lifted-pending-bcci-ombudsman-appointment |title=Pandya to join India squad in New Zealand, Rahul to play for India A |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{cricinfo|id=625371}}<br />
* {{Twitter}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = India squads<br />
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|fg = #F4F6F7<br />
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{{India Squad 2016 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India Squad 2018 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India 2019 Cricket World Cup squad}}<br />
{{India Squad 2023 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India 2023 Cricket World Cup squad}}<br />
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{{Baroda cricket squad}}<br />
{{Gujarat Titans squad}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandya, Hardik}}<br />
[[Category:1993 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br />
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[[Category:Gujarat Titans cricketers]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shreyas_Iyer&diff=434931Shreyas Iyer2023-10-11T17:50:16Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: International information update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian cricketer}}<br />
<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Shreyas Iyer<br />
| image = Shreyas Iyer 2021.jpg<br />
| caption = Iyer in 2021<br />
| fullname = Shreyas Santosh Iyer<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|12|6|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| nickname = <br />
| heightft = 5<br />
| heightinch = 11<br />
| heightm = 181<br />
| batting = Right-handed<br />
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]<br />
| role = [[Batter (cricket)|Batter]]<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2017–present<br />
| country = India<br />
| testdebutdate = 3 December<br />
| testdebutyear = 2021<br />
| testdebutagainst = New Zealand<br />
| testcap = 303<br />
| lasttestdate = 9 March<br />
| lasttestyear = 2023<br />
| lasttestagainst = Australia<br />
<br />
| odidebutdate = 10 December<br />
| odidebutyear = 2017<br />
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka<br />
| odicap = 219<br />
| lastodidate = 11 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = Afghanistan<br />
| odishirt = 96 ( 2023 - present),<br/> 41 (2017 - 2023)<br />
<br />
<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 1 November<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2017<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = New Zealand<br />
| T20Icap = 70<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand<br />
| lastT20Idate = 22 November<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2022<br />
| T20Ishirt = 41<br />
<br />
| club1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]<br />
| year1 = 2013/14–present<br />
| clubnumber1 = <br />
| club2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]<br />
| year2 = 2015–2021<br />
| club3 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br />
| year3 = 2022<br />
| clubnumber2 = 41<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 Internationals|T20I]]<br />
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches1 = 10<br />
| matches2 = 48<br />
| matches3 = 49<br />
| matches4 = 60<br />
| runs1 = 666<br />
| runs2 = 1,801<br />
| runs3 = 1043<br />
| runs4 = 5,324<br />
| bat avg1 = 44.40<br />
| bat avg2 = 45.25<br />
| bat avg3 = 30.67<br />
| bat avg4 = 52.71<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 1/5<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 3/14<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/7<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 13/29<br />
| top score1 = 105<br />
| top score2 = 113[[not out|*]]<br />
| top score3 = 74[[not out|*]]<br />
| top score4 = 202[[not out|*]]<br />
| deliveries1 = –<br />
| deliveries2 = 31<br />
| deliveries3 = 2<br />
| deliveries4 = 565<br />
| wickets1 = –<br />
| wickets2 = 0<br />
| wickets3 = 0<br />
| wickets4 = 4<br />
| bowl avg1 = –<br />
| bowl avg2 = –<br />
| bowl avg3 = –<br />
| bowl avg4 = 100.25<br />
| fivefor1 = –<br />
| fivefor2 = –<br />
| fivefor3 = –<br />
| fivefor4 = 0<br />
| tenfor1 = –<br />
| tenfor2 = –<br />
| tenfor3 = –<br />
| tenfor4 = 0<br />
| best bowling1 = –<br />
| best bowling2 = –<br />
| best bowling3 = –<br />
| best bowling4 = 2/29<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 9/–<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 16/–<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 14/–<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 46/–<br />
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/642519.html ESPNcricinfo<br />
| date = 24 September <br />
| year = 2023<br />
|medaltemplates=<!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS--><br />
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup|ACC Asia Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Winner|[[2023 Asia Cup|2023 Pakistan and Sri Lanka]]|}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Shreyas Santosh Iyer''' (born 6 December 1994) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] as a right-handed batter. He has played in all formats for the Indian team. Iyer scored a century in his debut test match and a half-century in the second innings against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in November 2021 and became the first Indian player to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1278674.html |title=1st Test, Kanpur, Nov 25 - 29 2021, New Zealand tour of India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-new-zealand-2021/shreyas-iyer-becomes-16th-indian-to-score-a-century-on-test-debut-2625354|title=IND vs NZ: Shreyas Iyer 16th Indian To Score Century On Test Debut|work=ndtv.com|date=26 November 2021}}</ref> Iyer plays for [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in domestic cricket and captains [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. He played for the [[India Under-19 cricket team]] at the [[2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC Under-19 World Cup / India Under-19s Squad|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2014/content/squad/709629.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>.He was named in India Squad for [[2023 Cricket World Cup]].<br />
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==Early years==<br />
Shreyas Iyer was born on 6 December 1994 in [[Chembur]], [[Mumbai]] to Santosh Iyer a [[Tamilian]] father and his mother Rohini Iyer a [[Tuluva]]. His ancestors from [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Shreyas Iyer: The monk who cruises in his Ferrari |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/shreyas-iyer-ranji-trophy-mumbai-record-runs-stats/ |access-date=1 April 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=29 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Change in track that bore fruit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/531492/change-track-bore-fruit.html |access-date=1 April 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Will play for India soon: Shreyas Iyer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/will-play-for-india-soon-shreyas-iyer/article7359272.ece |access-date=22 December 2019 |last=Dinakar |first=S. |work=The Hindu |date=27 June 2015}}</ref> He was educated at [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Notable Alumni {{!}} Don Bosco High School |url=https://donboscomatunga.com/alumni/notable-alumni/ |website=donboscomatunga.com|access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref> and at [[Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics]], [[Mumbai]].<br />
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At the age of 18, Iyer was spotted by coach [[Pravin Amre]] at the Shivaji Park Gymkhana. Amre trained him in his early cricketing days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shreyas Iyer: . A promising young sensation making his mark for India Under-19|date=30 September 2013 |url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/shreyas-iyer-a-promising-young-sensation-making-his-mark-for-india-under-19-31537|publisher=Cricket Country|access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref> Iyer's teammates at the age group levels used to compare him to [[Virender Sehwag]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shreyas Iyer: The Virender Sehwag of India Under-19|date=28 September 2013|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-shreyas-iyer-the-virender-sehwag-of-india-under-19-1895294|publisher=DNA India|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> During his graduation from Podar College in Mumbai, Iyer helped his college team to lift some trophies.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Sundari|title=Despite injury, Shreyas claims six in Podar's win|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/despite-injury-shreyas-claims-six-in-podars-win/155910|access-date=13 April 2015|work=MiD Day|date=23 March 2012}}</ref><br />
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==Domestic career==<br />
In 2014, Iyer represented the Trent Bridge Cricket Team. During a trip to the UK, he played three matches scoring 297 runs at an average of 99 with a highest score of 171, a new team record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.criclife.com/features/interviews/shreyas-iyer-wielding-willowy-wizardry-from-mumbai-to-clifton-15278|title=Shreyas Iyer – Wielding willowy wizardry from Mumbai to Clifton|first=Aayush|last=Puthran|date=22 February 2015|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref><br />
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Iyer made his [[List A]] debut for Mumbai in November 2014, playing in the [[2014–15 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]. He scored 273 runs in that tournament at an average of 54.60. Iyer made his [[first-class cricket]] debut in December 2014 during the [[2014–15 Ranji Trophy]]. He scored a total of 809 runs in his debut Ranji season at an average of 50.56 including two centuries and six fifties. He was 7th highest scorer of [[2014–15 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2014-15/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=9513;type=tournament|title=Cricket Records – Ranji Trophy, 2014/15 – Records – Most runs – ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]], Iyer scored 1,321 runs during the tournament including four centuries and seven fifties at an average of 73.39, becoming the top scorer of the Ranji season and the second player to score 1,300 runs in a single Ranji Trophy competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2015-16/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=10281;type=tournament|title=Cricket Records – Ranji Trophy, 2015/16 – Records – Most runs – ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> In the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]], Iyer scored 725 runs including two centuries and two fifties at an average of 42.64. He scored 202 [[not out]] off 210 balls, against the visiting Australia team in a 3-Day Practice match in Mumbai, his highest first-class score.<br />
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In September 2018, Iyer was named as the vice-captain of Mumbai for the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 September 2018 |title=Rahane to captain Mumbai in Vijay Hazare Trophy |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rahane-to-captain-mumbai-in-vijay-hazare-trophy-1159312 |access-date=12 September 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was the leading run-scorer for Mumbai in the tournament, with 373 runs in seven matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12591;team=1654;type=tournament |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2018/19 - Mumbai: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Iyer was named as the captain of India B's squad for the [[2018–19 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2018 |title=Rahane, Ashwin and Karthik to play Deodhar Trophy |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ajinkya-rahane-r-ashwin-and-dinesh-karthik-to-play-deodhar-trophy-1162570 |access-date=19 October 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was also the leading run-scorer in the Deodhar Trophy, with 199 runs in three matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12711;type=tournament |title=Deodhar Trophy, 2018/19: Most runs |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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In February 2019, in the opening round of the [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] tournament, Iyer made the highest total by an Indian batsman in a T20 match, scoring 147 runs.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 February 2019 |title=Iyer's 147 smashes domestic T20 record, Pujara hits maiden T20 ton |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/iyer-s-147-smashes-domestic-t20-record-pujara-hits-maiden-t20-ton-1175639 |access-date=21 February 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
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In March 2021, Iyer was signed by [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] for their [[2021 Royal London One-Day Cup|2021 season]] of the [[Royal London One-Day Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lancashire sign Shreyas Iyer for Royal London Cup |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/116729/lancashire-sign-shreyas-iyer-for-royal-london-cup |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian international Shreyas Iyer joins Lancashire Cricket|url=https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/news/2020-news/indian-international-shreyas-iyer-joins-lancashire-cricket/|access-date=23 March 2021|work=Lancashire Cricket Club}}</ref><br />
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==Indian Premier League==<br />
In February 2015, Iyer was signed in the [[List of 2015 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Auction|2015 IPL players auction]] by the [[Delhi Daredevils]] for 2.6 crores (approximately $430,000). Thus Iyer became the highest-earning uncapped player in the tournament. He scored 439 runs in 14 matches, with a 33.76 average and a strike rate of 128.36, making Iyer the 9th most consistent player and Emerging Player of [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015 IPL]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3BfcDfyzpc|title=YouTube|website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref><br />
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Delhi Daredevils retained Iyer in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL Auction]]. On 25 April 2018, he was announced as the new captain of Delhi Daredevils replacing [[Gautam Gambhir]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1144342.html?object=642519|title=Iyer replaces Gambhir as Daredevils captain|work=Cricinfo|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.delhidaredevils.com/gambhir-steps-down-as-dd-captain-iyer-handed-reigns|title=Gambhir Steps Down as DD Captain, Iyer Handed Reigns|date=25 April 2018|work=Delhi Daredevils|access-date=26 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=What are Shreyas Iyer's captaincy credentials? |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/what-are-shreyas-iyer-s-captaincy-credentials-1144372 |access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref> On 27 April 2018, he became the youngest captain to lead the Delhi Daredevils team in the IPL history at the age of 23 years and 142 days during the match against Kolkata Knight Riders and was also the fourth overall youngest to captain any IPL side.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2018/ipl-2018-delhi-daredevils-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-live-cricket-score-1843944|title=IPL Highlights, DD vs KKR: Delhi Daredevils beat Kolkata Knight Riders By 55 Runs – NDTV Sports|last=NDTVSports.com|work=NDTVSports.com|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> On his IPL captaincy debut, Shreyas Iyer smashed an unbeaten match-winning knock of 93 off 40 deliveries with 10 sixes, which was his third successive IPL fifty of the season to power DD to a heavy total of 219/5 in the first innings of the match before earning him the man of the match award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136586|title=New captain Iyer's 93* off 40 blows KKR away|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref> Under his captaincy, Delhi Daredevils managed to defeat KKR by 55 runs to secure only their second win of [[2018 Indian Premier League|the tournament]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/101783/ipl-2018-delhi-daredevils-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-match-report-cricket-dd-vs-kkr-shreyas-iyer-prithvi-shaw-andre-russell-trent-boult|title=Newly-crowned Iyer revives DD's campaign with a massive win|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2018-shreyas-iyer-smashes-40-ball-93-to-power-delhi-daredevils-vs-kolkata-knight-riders/story-LuBa7NfeOYxK2HP2nNbBVI.html|title=IPL 2018: Shreyas Iyer smashes 40-ball 93 as Delhi Daredevils beat Kolkata Knight Riders|date=27 April 2018|work=www.hindustantimes.com|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><br />
Iyer was retained by the [[Delhi Capitals]] in the IPL 2019 Season which he led the team into the playoffs for the first time after seven years.<br />
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In the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]], he continued as the captain for Delhi Capitals and he also led them to their maiden IPL final against the [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=MI vs DC As it Happened, IPL 2020 final: Mumbai Indians win IPL 2020|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/mumbai-indians-vs-delhi-capitals-ipl-13-final-mi-vs-dc-ipl-2020-final-live-score-and-updates-dubai-uae/680118|access-date=18 February 2021|work=Times Now|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Iyer scored an unbeaten 65 off 50 balls in a losing effort as [[Mumbai Indians]] won the final.<br />
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He missed the half season of [[IPL 2021]] due to an injury in his Left Shoulder while playing for India in the first match of an ODI series against England in the same year. He made his comeback after a Span of 6 months for [[Delhi Capitals]]. In the [[2022 IPL Auction]], Iyer was bought by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] for ₹ 12.25 crores.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Muthu|first1=Deivarayan|last2=Somani|first2=Saurabh|title=Live blog: The IPL 2022 auction|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/live-blog/live-blog-ipl-2022-auction-1300707|access-date=12 February 2022|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> He was also named as the team's captain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-kkr-shreyas-iyer-named-kolkata-knight-riders-new-captain-1301426 |title=Shreyas Iyer named Kolkata Knight Riders' new captain|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref><br />
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==International career==<br />
In March 2017, Iyer was added to India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad as cover for [[Virat Kohli]], ahead of the fourth Test [[Australian cricket team in India in 2016–17|against Australia]]. He came on as a substitute fielder in the fourth test and ran out [[Steve O'Keefe]] for 8.<ref name="cover">{{cite web |date=23 March 2017 |title=Shreyas Iyer called up as cover for Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shreyas-iyer-called-up-as-cover-for-virat-kohli-1088197 |access-date=23 March 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
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In October 2017, Iyer was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their series [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2017–18|against New Zealand]].<ref name="IndT20I">{{cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=Iyer, Siraj called up for New Zealand T20Is |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shreyas-iyer-mohammed-siraj-called-up-for-new-zealand-t20is-1124468 |access-date=23 October 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his T20I debut for India against New Zealand on 1 November 2017, but he did not bat.<ref name="T20I">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1120093.html |title=1st T20I (N), New Zealand tour of India at Delhi, Nov 1 2017 |access-date=1 November 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="DidNotBat">{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18029/report/1120093/ |title=Rohit, Dhawan break both records and New Zealand |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In November 2017, Iyer was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18|against Sri Lanka]].<ref name="IndODI">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2017 |title=Kohli rested for Sri Lanka ODIs; Rohit to lead |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-rested-for-sri-lanka-odis-rohit-sharma-to-lead-1127271 |access-date=27 November 2017 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his ODI debut for India against Sri Lanka on 10 December 2017.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1122726.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of India at Dharamsala, Dec 10 2017 |date=10 December 2017 |website=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref> He scored 88 from 70 balls in the 2nd ODI against [[Sri Lanka]] at [[Mohali]].<ref name="IndT20Itoo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sl-in-india-2017-18-1122718/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-odi-1122727/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of India vs Sri Lanka 2nd ODI 2017/18|date=13 December 2017 |website=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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On 18 December 2019, in the second ODI [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2019–20|against the West Indies]], Iyer scored 31 runs in one over, the most scored by a batsman for India in a single over in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Stats - Rohit Sharma second only to Sachin Tendulkar |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-rohit-sharma-second-only-to-sachin-tendulkar-1210475 |access-date=18 December 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
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On 24 January 2020, in the first T20I against New Zealand, Iyer scored an unbeaten 58 off 29 balls and was declared the Man of the Match.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shreyas Iyer: We knew we could cover run-rate any time on a short ground |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/international/new-zealand-vs-india-shreyas-iyer-t20-match-runs-eden-park-auckland/article30647183.ece |access-date=25 January 2020 |work=Sportstar |date=25 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Auckl |first1=Saurabh Kumar |title=Staying with Virat bhai, Rohit bhai helps you learn: Shreyas Iyer on finishing games for India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-new-zealand-shreyas-iyer-kl-rahul-virat-rohit-finish-matches-1639938-2020-01-24 |access-date=26 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=24 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On 26 January 2020, in the second T20I against New Zealand, he scored 44 off 33 balls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-new-zealand-2019-20-1187673/new-zealand-vs-india-2nd-t20i-1187678/full-scorecard|title=2nd T20I (N), Auckland, Jan 26 2020, India tour of New Zealand|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> On 5 February 2020, in the first ODI against New Zealand, Iyer scored 103 off 107 balls, his maiden century in ODI cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-odi-shreyas-iyer-maiden-hundred-1643390-2020-02-05|title=India vs New Zealand: Shreyas Iyer shines with maiden ODI hundred|work=India Today|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref><br />
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In September 2021, Iyer was named as one of three reserve players in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni named mentor |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-named-mentor-1276821 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In November 2021, he was named in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their series [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2021–22|against New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/155640/india-s-squad-for-tests-against-new-zealand-announced |title=India's squad for Tests against New Zealand announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> He made his Test debut on 25 November 2021, for India against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1278674.html |title=1st Test, Kanpur, Nov 25 - 29 2021, New Zealand tour of India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref><br />
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On 25 November 2021, Iyer got his Test cap from the former Indian cricketer [[Sunil Gavaskar]] and scored a maiden century playing against the New Zealand team. He became the 16th Indian player to score a century in the debut test match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-new-zealand-2021/shreyas-iyer-becomes-16th-indian-to-score-a-century-on-test-debut-2625354|title=IND vs NZ: Shreyas Iyer 16th Indian To Score Century On Test Debut|work=ndtv.com|date=26 November 2021}}</ref><br />
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In the 2022 bilateral T20I series against Sri Lanka, Iyer broke Virat Kohli's record of most runs scored by an Indian batsman in a 3-match T20I bilateral series, scoring a total of 204 runs with three consecutive unbeaten half-centuries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/india-vs-sl-3rd-t20-shreyas-iyer-smashes-huge-record-of-virat-kohli-in-bilateral-series-2440665.html|title=India vs SL 3rd T20: Shreyas Iyer smashes HUGE record of Virat Kohli in bilateral series|work=zeenews.india.com|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><br />
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In March 2022, Iyer was named man of the match after scoring two crucial fifties on a tough turning track<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-sl-2nd-test-shreyas-iyer-on-this-pitch-a-fifty-feels-like-a-century-1305218|title= Shreyas Iyer: On this pitch, a fifty feels like a century|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> in the second Test match [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2021–22|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-in-india-2021-22-1278665/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-1278683/live-cricket-score|title=2nd Test (D/N), Bengaluru, Mar 12 - 14 2022, Sri Lanka tour of India|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> In recognition of Iyer's good form, he was named as the [[ICC Awards|ICC player of the month]] for February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=14 March 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/shreyas-iyer-named-icc-player-of-the-month/articleshow/90202483.cms|title=Shreyas Iyer named ICC 'Player of the Month'|work=Times of India|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> On 9 October 2022, during the 2nd of 3 ODI matches against South Africa, he achieved his 2nd ODI century scoring 113 off 111 balls, and remained unbeaten.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of South Africa vs India 2nd ODI 2022/23 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-india-2022-23-1327499/india-vs-south-africa-2nd-odi-1327510/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
However Shreyas iyer was not picked in India squad for T20 World cup 2022.During 2nd T20I against Newzealand in Bay oval Shreyas was out by hit wicket.It is a 4th indian player was out in Hit wicket. Shreyas iyer hit 80 runs for just 76 balls in 1st odi against Newzealand in Eden park.<br />
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2023 January After [[Sri Lanka]] series Sheryas out from the [[New Zealand]] series due to Back Pain.Shreyas was return [[Border-Gavaskar Trophy]].however He was play in 2nd Test.During 4th test at Ahmedabad after [[Australia]] finishes 1st innings by 480.while [[India]] start the batting but shreyas was not come for the Batting. He was complain for back pain once again and take for the scans . Shreyas iyer dropped from Aus odi series due to back pain.He was going [[England]] for back surgery in April.while Shreyas iyer wasn't available for Icc Test championship Final against [[Australia]] in [[Kennington oval]]. Social media spread Shreyas iyer will not available for Asia cup & [[Cricket World cup 2023]].He was recover in NCA for his return.As a result of his hard work iyer was named in Asia cup 2023.<br />
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During the 2nd Odi against [[Australia]] in [[Indore]], [[Shreyas Iyer]] scored 105 runs in just 90 balls, marking a strong come back for Iyer ahead to the World Cup . [[India]] also won the match with Shreyas Iyer winning the Man of the Match Award for his knock.<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* {{cricinfo|id=642519}}<br />
* {{Facebook|ShreyasIyerCricket}}<br />
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[[Category:1994 births]]<br />
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[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishan_Kishan&diff=434784Ishan Kishan2023-10-11T17:46:57Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: ODI Record Update</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1998)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Ishan Kishan<br />
<br />
| caption = Kishan in 2022<br />
| country = India<br />
| fullname = Ishan Pranav Kumar Pandey Kishan<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|7|18|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]<br />
| height = 5 ft 6 in<ref>{{Cite web|first=Tim|last=Wigmore|title=The future is tall|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1298797/the-cricket-monthly---taller-batters-might-dominate-t20-cricket-in-the-future|date=2 February 2022|website=[[Cricinfo]]|quote=Kishan, the more rounded batter, is 5ft 6in.}}</ref><br />
| batting = Left-handed<br />
| role = [[Wicket-keeper batter]]<br />
| club1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br />
| year1 = {{nowrap|2014–present}}<br />
| club2 = [[Gujarat Lions]]<br />
| year2 = 2016–2017<br />
| club3 = [[Mumbai Indians]]<br />
| year3 = 2018–present<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 2021–present<br />
| testdebutdate = 12 July<br />
| testdebutyear = 2023<br />
| testdebutagainst = West Indies<br />
| testcap = 307<br />
| lasttestdate = 20 July<br />
| lasttestyear = 2023<br />
| lasttestagainst = West Indies<br />
<br />
| odidebutdate = 18 July<br />
| odidebutyear = 2021<br />
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka<br />
| odicap = 235<br />
| lastodidate = 11 October<br />
| lastodiyear = 2023<br />
| lastodiagainst = Afghanistan<br />
| odishirt = 32<br />
<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 14 March<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2021<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = England<br />
| T20Icap = 84<br />
| lastT20Idate = 6 August<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2023<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = West Indies<br />
<br />
| T20Ishirt = 32<br />
| columns = 4<br />
| hidedeliveries = true<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]] <br />
| matches1 = 2<br />
| runs1 = 78<br />
| bat avg1 = 39.00<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 0/1<br />
| top score1 = 52[[not out|*]]<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 5/0<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]] <br />
| matches2 = 27<br />
| runs2 = 933<br />
| bat avg2 = 42.40<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 1/7<br />
| top score2 = 210<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 13/2<br />
| column3 = [[T20 international|T20I]]<br />
| matches3 = 27<br />
| runs3 = 653<br />
| bat avg3 = 25.11<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 0/4<br />
| top score3 = 89<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 12/2<br />
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches4 = 50<br />
| runs4 = 3,063<br />
| bat avg4 = 39.26<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 6/17<br />
| top score4 = 273<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 104/11<br />
| date = 2 August<br />
| year = 2023<br />
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/ishan-kishan-720471 ESPNcricinfo<br />
|medaltemplates=<!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS--><br />
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup|ACC Asia Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Winner|[[2023 Asia Cup|2023 Pakistan and Sri Lanka]]|}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Ishan Kishan''' (born 18 July 1998) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the [[Indian national cricket team]] as a [[wicket-keeper]] batsman. He made his international debut in March 2021 against [[England cricket team|England]]. He plays for [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) and for [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] in domestic cricket.<br />
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In December 2022 he scored 210 runs in 131 balls in a [[One Day International]] (ODI) match against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]], becoming the youngest cricketer to score an ODI double century and the first to convert a maiden ODI century to a double century. The innings was also the fastest double century in an ODI.<ref name="ht-2022">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2022 |title=10 sixes, 24 fours: Full list of records broken by Ishan Kishan during monster knock of 210 in India vs Bangladesh ODI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ten-sixes-24-fours-full-list-of-records-broken-by-ishan-kishan-during-his-monster-innings-of-210-vs-bangladesh-101670663294208-amp.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |place=New Delhi}}</ref><br />
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He was the captain of [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup squads|India's squad]] for the [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="India">{{cite web |title=Ishan Kishan to lead India at U19 World Cup |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2016/content/story/954021.html |access-date=22 December 2015 |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref><ref name="Debut" /><br />
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==Early life==<br />
Ishan Kishan was born on 18 July 1998 in [[Bihar]] in a [[Bhumihar Brahmin]] family. He hails from a small city [[Nawada]] in [[Bihar]]. His father, Pranav Kumar Pandey is a builder by profession in [[Patna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/profile-of-ishan-kishan-making-of-cricketer-ishan-kishan-7230202/ |title=Making of Ishan Kishan |work=Indian Express |date=16 March 2021 |access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref> Due to registration issues between [[Bihar Cricket Association]] and the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI), Ishan started playing for neighboring state [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="IBN Live">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Amrendra| url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/ishan-kishan-is-a-mixture-of-ms-dhoni-and-adam-gilchrist-1180721.html |title=Ishan Kishan is a mixture of MS Dhoni and Adam Gilchrist |access-date=24 December 2015 |work=IBN Live cricket next}}</ref><ref name="Wisden India">{{cite news |last=Thygarajan |first=Roshan |url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/ishan-kishan-cool-head-shades-dhoni-sehwag-kohli/192215 |title=Ishan Kishan: Cool head with shades of Dhoni, Sehwag and Kohli |access-date=24 December 2015 |work=Wisden India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104429/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/ishan-kishan-cool-head-shades-dhoni-sehwag-kohli/192215 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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==Domestic career==<br />
On 6 November 2016, Kishan scored 273 runs against [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]], setting a new record for a player for Jharkhand in the competition.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1065212.html | title = Ishan Kishan's 273 for Jharkhand | work = ESPN Cricinfo | access-date = 9 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/engine/match/1053573.html | title = Ranji Trophy: Delhi v Jharkhand at Thumba, Nov 5-8, 2016 | work = ESPN Cricinfo | access-date = 9 November 2016}}</ref> He was the leading run-scorer for Jharkhand in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]], with 484 runs in six matches<ref name="Ranji1718">{{cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12014;team=1636;type=tournament |title=Ranji Trophy, 2017/18: Jharkhand batting and bowling averages |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> and in the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], with 405 runs in nine matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12591;team=6558;type=tournament |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2018/19 - Jharkhand: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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In October 2018, he was named in the India C squad for the [[2018–19 Deodhar Trophy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1162570.html |title=Rahane, Ashwin and Karthik to play Deodhar Trophy |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> scoring a century in the tournament's final.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deodhar Trophy final showcases India's batting riches |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25097931/deodhar-trophy-final-showcases-india-batting-riches |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> In February 2019, in the [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]], he scored an unbeaten century against [[Jammu & Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26051859/rahul-shukla-five-ishan-kishan-ton-headline-big-jharkhand-win |title=Rahul Shukla five-for, Ishan Kishan ton headline big Jharkhand win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 February 2019}}</ref> In the next match, against [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]], he scored 113 [[not out]] to record back-to-back centuries in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-t20-ishan-kishan-cracks-second-straight-ton-as-jharkhand-scores-3rd-win/articleshow/68137620.cms |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy T20: Ishan Kishan cracks second straight ton as Jharkhand scores 3rd win |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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In August 2019, he was named in India Red's squad for the [[2019–20 Duleep Trophy]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27331972/shubman-gill-priyank-panchal-faiz-fazal-lead-duleep-trophy-sides |title=Shubman Gill, Priyank Panchal and Faiz Fazal to lead Duleep Trophy sides |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/duleep-trophy-2019-shubman-gill-faiz-fazal-and-priyank-panchal-to-lead-duleep-trophy-2019-squad-fixtures-schedule-876560 |title=Duleep Trophy 2019: Shubman Gill, Faiz Fazal and Priyank Panchal to lead as Indian domestic cricket season opens |work=Cricket Country |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> and in October in the [[India A cricket team|India A]] squad for the same competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-squads-india-a-india-b-india-c-parthiv-patel-shubman-gill-anuma-vihari-ranchi/article29788595.ece |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019: Hanuma Vihari, Parthiv, Shubman to lead; Yashasvi earns call-up |work=SportStar |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref> In February 2021, on the opening day of the [[2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], Kishan scored 173 runs against [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]], part of a record score of 422.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ishan-kishan-173-runs-94-balls-vijay-hazare-trophy-jharkhand-422-for-9-highest-total-domestic-cricket-50-over-1771252-2021-02-20 |title=Ishan Kishan hits 173 vs MP as Jharkhand post highest total by an Indian domestic side in 50-over cricket |work=India Today |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ishan-kishan-hits-173-jharkhand-smash-highest-ever-total-of-vijay-hazare-trophy-against-madhya-pradesh-101613807883434.html |title=Ishan Kishan hits 173, Jharkhand smash highest-ever total of Vijay Hazare Trophy against Madhya Pradesh |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 February 2021 |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Indian Premier League==<br />
In 2016, Kishan was bought by [[Gujarat Lions]] in the [[List of 2016 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2016 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite news|title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2016|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2016/content/story/969473.html|accessdate=19 April 2016|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In 2018, he was bought by the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was the highest run-scorer for Mumbai in the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]], with 516 runs from 14 matches<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=13533;team=4346;type=tournament|title=MI Most Runs in IPL 2020|publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> and won the award for hitting the most sixes during the season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=IPL 2020 Award Winners: Orange Cap, Purple Cap, Fairplay and other award winners|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2020-award-winners-orange-cap-purple-cap-fairplay-and-other-award-winners-7046732/|access-date=11 November 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Ahead of the 2022 IPL, Kishan was bought again by Mumbai for {{INRConvert|15.25|c|lk=on|year=2022}}, making him the second-most expensive Indian player at the auction after [[Yuvraj Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-auction/ipl-auction-2022-live-updates-day-1/article38413730.ece |access-date=12 February 2022 |title= IPL Auction 2022 highlights: Kishan, Chahar, Iyer top deals of day 1; Avesh becomes most expensive Indian uncapped player|work=Sportstar|date=12 February 2022 |publisher=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
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==International career==<br />
In February 2021, Ishan was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their home series [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|against England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/150315/india-s-squad-for-paytm-t20i-series-announced |title=India's squad for Paytm T20I series announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref> It was his maiden international call-up<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ishan Kishan In the Indian Squad for the T20 series against England| url=https://sixsports.in/india-squad-against-england-for-the-upcoming-t20/ |website=sixsports.in |date=22 February 2021}}</ref> and he went on to make his debut on 14 March 2021, scoring 56 from 32 balls.<ref name="Debut">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1243389.html |title=2nd T20I (N), Ahmedabad, Mar 14 2021, England tour of India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> He won the player of the match award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/56394537 |title=India v England: Virat Kohli & Ishan Kishan shine in second T20 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref><br />
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In June 2021, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) and T20I squads for their [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2021|tour of Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sri-lanka-vs-india-2021-shikhar-dhawan-to-captain-india-on-limited-overs-tour-of-sri-lanka-1265911 |title=Shikhar Dhawan to captain India on limited-overs tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> He made his ODI debut on the tour in July, scoring 59 from 42 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1262755.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), Colombo (RPS), Jul 18 2021, India tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref> In September he was named in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-mentor-1276821 |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni mentor |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref><br />
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In October 2022, Kishan scored his then ODI career highest score of 93 runs in the second of three ODIs against the [[South African cricket team in India in 2022–23|touring South Africans]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shreyas 113*, Kishan 93 give India dominating win in Ranchi and level series 1-1 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-india-2022-23-1327499/india-vs-south-africa-2nd-odi-1327510/match-report |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> before going on to become the youngest―aged 24 years and 145 days―and the fastest player to score a double century in an ODI in December during [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23|India's tour of Bangladesh]]. He scored 210 runs from 131 balls,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2022 |title=Ishan Kishan Breaks Chris Gayle's Record, Becomes Fastest Batter to Score Double Century in ODIs |url=https://www.probatsman.com/ind-vs-ban-ishan-kishan-breaks-chris-gayles-record-becomes-fastest-batter-to-score-double-century-in-odis |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=ProBatsman}}</ref> reaching the 200-run mark in 126 deliveries to beat [[Chris Gayle]]'s record of 138 balls.<ref name=":0" /> He also became the first player to convert a maiden ODI century into a double century,<ref name=ht-2022 /> and the fourth Indian player to score a double century in an ODI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishan Kishan's knock against Bangladesh sees him enter the record books |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2980520 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{cricinfo|id=720471}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = India squads<br />
|bg = #0077FF<br />
|fg = #F4F6F7<br />
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{{India Squad 2023 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India 2023 Cricket World Cup squad}}<br />
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{{Mumbai Indians squad}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishan, Ishan}}<br />
[[Category:1998 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat Lions cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Blue cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers from Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kathanar_%E2%80%93_The_Wild_Sorcerer&diff=426283Kathanar – The Wild Sorcerer2023-09-06T08:38:53Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: Upcoming film</p>
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<div>{{short description|Upcoming Indian film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates}}<br />
{{Use Indian English}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kathanar – The Wild Sorcerer<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Rojin Thomas]]<br />
| producer = Gokulam Gopalan<br />
| writer = P. Ramanand<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jayasurya]]|[[Anushka Shetty]]}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = Rahul Subramanian Unni<br />
| cinematography = Neil D'Cunha<br />
| editing = [[Rojin Thomas]]<br />
| studio = Sree Gokulam Movies<br />
| distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies<br />
| released = 2024<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kathanar – The Wild Sorcerer''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Period film|period]] [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]<!--Genre as described by the director is cited in the Production section.--> film directed and edited by [[Rojin Thomas]] and written by P. Ramanand. It is the first of two cinematic parts. The story traces the life of [[Kadamattathu Kathanar]], a legendary 9th-century Christian priest endowed with [[Magician (fantasy)|magical]] powers. The film stars [[Jayasurya]] in the [[Title character|title role]], along with [[Anushka Shetty]]. It is produced by Gokulam Gopalan of Sree Gokulam Movies.<br />
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[[Principal photography]] began in April 2023. The film is shot using the [[virtual production]] technology in a custom-built studio.<!--DO NOT add promotional claim of being the first Indian movie to use VP technology. Earlier films like "Judaa Hoke Bhi" and "Radhe Shyam" have already employed it.--> The first part of ''Kathanar — The Wild Sorcerer'' is planned to be released in 2024.<br />
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==Cast==<br />
* [[Jayasurya]] as [[Kadamattathu Kathanar]]<br />
* [[Anushka Shetty]]<br />
* [[Vineeth]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERVIEW: ‘I’ve never aspired to become a superstar,’ says Malayalam star Vineeth |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/aug/13/interview-ive-never-aspired-tobecome-a-superstar-says-malayalam-star-vineeth-2604714.html |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831155955/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/aug/13/interview-ive-never-aspired-tobecome-a-superstar-says-malayalam-star-vineeth-2604714.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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==Production==<br />
The film is based on the story of legendary 9th-century Christian priest [[Kadamattathu Kathanar]]. The film was initially planned to be produced by Vijay Babu of [[Friday Film House]], with whom [[Rojin Thomas]] had previously collaborated in two films. However, in March 2020, it was announced that the project has been taken over by Gokulam Gopalan of Sree Gokulam Movies. It was also reported that the film would be released in two parts and is mounted on a budget of {{INR}}75 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Desk |first=The Hindu Net |title=Jayasurya’s magnum opus ‘Kathanar The Wild Sorcerer’ taken over by Gokulam Films |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jayasuryas-magnum-opus-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-taken-over-by-gokulam-films/article31030435.ece |access-date=2023-08-31 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831155401/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jayasuryas-magnum-opus-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-taken-over-by-gokulam-films/article31030435.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Rojin, the film falls under "period fantasy thriller" genre.<ref name=TOI1/><br />
<br />
Principal photography began on 5 April 2023 in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ അദ്ഭുതമാകാൻ ‘കത്തനാർ’; ചിത്രീകരണത്തിനു തുടക്കം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/04/06/jayasuryas-magnum-opus-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-shoot-started.html |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831203520/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/04/06/jayasuryas-magnum-opus-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-shoot-started.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was held at a custom-built studio spanning 45,000 square feet, utilizing the [[virtual production]] technology<!--DO NOT add promotional claim of being the first Indian movie to use VP technology. Earlier films like "Judaa Hoke Bhi" and "Radhe Shyam" have already employed it.-->.<ref name=TOI1>{{Cite news |title=Rojin Thomas on ‘Kathanar - The Wild Sorcerer’: It is a film that promises to transport audiences to otherworldly dimensions |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rojin-thomas-on-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-it-is-a-film-that-promises-to-transport-audiences-to-otherworldly-dimensions/articleshow/99287292.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-31 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831155847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rojin-thomas-on-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-it-is-a-film-that-promises-to-transport-audiences-to-otherworldly-dimensions/articleshow/99287292.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The first schedule was completed on 2 June 2023 after 43 days. Around 570 personnel worked in various departments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathanar team completes first schedule |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jun/02/kathanar-team-completes-first-schedule-44168.html |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831154212/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jun/02/kathanar-team-completes-first-schedule-44168.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The first part of ''Kathanar — The Wild Sorcerer'' is scheduled to be released in 2024. Alongside the original Malayalam version, the makers are planning to release the film in multiple dubbed languages, including English, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Chinese, French, Korean, Italian, Russian, Indonesian, and Japanese.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kathanar The Wild Sorcerer first look: Jayasurya looks gothic in Raji Thomas’ intriguing fantasy drama. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-first-look-jayasurya-looks-gothic-raji-thomas-intriguing-fantasy-drama-watch-8918206/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831153233/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-first-look-jayasurya-looks-gothic-raji-thomas-intriguing-fantasy-drama-watch-8918206/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘ഹോളിവുഡ് ലെവൽ’; ജയസൂര്യയ്ക്കൊപ്പം അനുഷ്ക ഷെട്ടി; ‘കത്തനാർ’ ഗ്ലിംപ്സ് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/08/31/watch-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-first-glimpse.html |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831203519/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/08/31/watch-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer-first-glimpse.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|11026686}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian fantasy thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]<br />
[[Category:Religious horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about exorcism]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaan_Hundal&diff=431937Shaan Hundal2023-07-28T01:38:21Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: Created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Canadian soccer player}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Shaan Hundal<br />
| image = Vancouver-fc-shaan-hundal.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Hundal playing for [[Vancouver FC]] in 2023<br />
| full_name = Shaan Singh Hundal<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|7|14}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Brampton, Ontario]], Canada<br />
| height = {{height|m=1.81}}<br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Vancouver FC]]<br />
| clubnumber = 9<br />
| youthyears1 = 2005–2007<br />
| youthclubs1 = Caledon SC<br />
| youthyears2 = 2008–2013<br />
| youthclubs2 = Brampton YSC<br />
| youthyears3 = 2013–2014<br />
| youthclubs3 = Mississauga SC<br />
| youthyears4 = 2014–2015<br />
| youthclubs4 = [[Toronto FC Academy|Toronto FC]]<br />
| years1 = 2016–2018<br />
| clubs1 = [[Toronto FC III]]<br />
| caps1 = 3<br />
| goals1 = 4<br />
| years2 = 2016–2019<br />
| clubs2 = [[Toronto FC II]]<br />
| caps2 = 84<br />
| goals2 = 17<br />
| years3 = 2019<br />
| clubs3 = → [[Ottawa Fury FC|Ottawa Fury]] (loan)<br />
| caps3 = 1<br />
| goals3 = 0<br />
| years4 = 2020<br />
| clubs4 = [[Valour FC]]<br />
| caps4 = 6<br />
| goals4 = 0<br />
| years5 = 2021–2022<br />
| clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF II]]{{efn|Fort Lauderdale CF changed its name to Inter Miami CF II in 2022}}<br />
| caps5 = 48<br />
| goals5 = 17<br />
| years6 = 2022<br />
| clubs6 = → [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] (loan)<br />
| caps6 = 0<br />
| goals6 = 0<br />
| years7 = 2023–<br />
| clubs7 = [[Vancouver FC]]<br />
| caps7 = 14<br />
| goals7 = 6<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2016<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[Canada men's national under-18 soccer team|Canada U18]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 2<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 0<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2016–2017<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[Canada men's national under-20 soccer team|Canada U20]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 6<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 2<br />
| club-update = July 7, 2023<br />
| nationalteam-update = May 8, 2019<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shaan Singh Hundal''' (born July 14, 1999) is a Canadian professional [[soccer]] player who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Vancouver FC]] in [[Canadian Premier League]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Hundal began playing youth soccer at age six with Caledon SC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iftwc.com/shaan-hundal-interview/|title=Shaan Hundal- My role will be to score and help the team win games|date=April 19, 2021|work=IFTWC}}</ref> He later played with Brampton Youth SC and Mississauga SC. He was also a member of the Ontario provincial team at the U14 and U15 level.<ref name=prodeal /> In May 2014, he joined the [[Toronto FC Academy]].<ref name=prodeal /><br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
In 2016, he played a match with [[Toronto FC III]] in the [[Premier Development League]],<ref name=usl2>{{cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12535620|title=Shaan Hundal 2016 PDL Stats|work=[[USL League Two]]}}</ref> and also played with the team for two matches in 2018 in [[League1 Ontario]].<ref name=l1o>{{cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/24577010|title=Shaan Hundal 2018 L1O Stats|work=[[League1 Ontario]]}}</ref> He scored a hat trick on May 20, 2018 against [[Toronto Skillz FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/news_article/show/920021|title=TFC III Remain Undefeated With 6-1 Win Over Toronto Skillz|first=Mahdi|last=Ghaffaribarzi|work=[[League1 Ontario]]|date=May 21, 2018}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In April 2016, he joined [[Toronto FC II]] in the [[USL Championship|USL]], as an academy call-up, and made his professional debut on April 9 against [[FC Montreal]].<ref name=prodeal>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/toronto-fc-ii-sign-shaan-hundal|title=Toronto FC II Sign Shaan Hundal|date=September 1, 2016|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref> He scored his first professional goal on May 29 against the [[Wilmington Hammerheads]].<ref name=fury /> On September 1, 2016, he officially signed a professional contract with Toronto FC II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/692672-20-under-20-selection-hundal-signs-with-tfc-ii|title=20 Under 20 Selection Hundal Signs with TFC II|date=September 1, 2016|work=[[United Soccer League]]}}</ref> He was named to the USL's 20 under 20 list in back to back years, being ranked #13 in 2016 and #4 in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/news-malik-johnson-and-shaan-hundal-named-usl-20-under-20|title=News: Malik Johnson and Shaan Hundal named to USL 20 under 20|date=July 28, 2016|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/shaan-hundal-named-usl-20-under-20|date=July 25, 2017|work=[[Toronto FC]]|title=Shaan Hundal named to USL 20 under 20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslchampionship.com/news_article/show/817199|title=USL 20 Under 20 – No. 4: Shaan Hundal|date=July 25, 2017|work=[[USL Championship]]}}</ref> In July 2018, he signed an extension with the team through the 2019 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/toronto-fc-ii-re-signs-shaan-hundal|title=Toronto FC II re-signs Shaan Hundal|date=July 17, 2018|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wakingthered.com/2018/7/23/17602982/hundal-rises-to-the-occasion-but-tfc-ii-lose-to-bekker-fuelled-north-carolina-toronto-fc-usl|title=Hundal rises to the occasion, but TFC II lose to Bekker-fuelled North Carolina|date=July 23, 2018|first=James|last=Grossi|work=Waking the Red}}</ref> In March 2019, he briefly joined the [[Ottawa Fury FC|Ottawa Fury]] on loan.<ref name=fury>{{Cite web|archive-date=March 7, 2019|date=March 6, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307112330/https://www.ottawafuryfc.com/news_article/show/1001402|work=[[Ottawa Fury FC]]|url=https://www.ottawafuryfc.com/news_article/show/1001402|title=Fury FC welcomes three on loan from Toronto FC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/toronto-fc-loan-three-players-ottawa-fury-fc|title=Toronto FC Loan Three Players to Ottawa Fury FC|date=March 6, 2019|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref> He was later recalled by Toronto FC II, after only making one appearance for the Fury.{{cn|date=February 2023}} He departed Toronto after the 2019 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wakingthered.com/2021/6/16/22536379/tfc-ii-try-to-bust-winless-skid-against-shaan-hundal-and-fort-lauderdale-cf|title=TFC II try to bust winless skid against Shaan Hundal and Fort Lauderdale CF|first=Ben|last=Steiner|work=Waking the Red|date=June 16, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2020, Hundal signed with [[Valour FC]] in the [[Canadian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/valour-fc-shaan-hundal/|title=Valour FC Signs Shaan Hundal|date=July 17, 2020|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/valour-fc-sign-shaan-hundal-ldquo-i-rsquo-m-just-glad-we-got-it-done-rdquo-/view/news/365751|title=Valour FC sign Shaan Hundal - “I’m just glad we got it done”|date=July 17, 2020|work=[[Transfermarkt]]|first=Manuel|last=Veth}}</ref> He had originally joined the club on trial in March, but the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] had put a halt to all team training.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/ive-got-to-be-right-place-right-time-and-finish-the-chances-i-can-i-cant-wait-hundal-seeking-bigger-opportunity-with-the-club|title=“I’ve got to be right place, right time and finish the chances I can. I can’t wait.” - Hundal seeking bigger opportunity with the club|date=July 17, 2020|work=[[Valour FC]]|first=Ed|last=Tait}}</ref> He made six appearances for the club during the seven-game shortened season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/vancouver-fc-shaan-hundal/|title=Hundal Returns To CPL Through Vancouver FC|date=January 31, 2023|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref> He departed the club following the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/free-agent-shaan-hundal/|title=Hundal Hungry For Next Opportunity|date=January 29, 2021|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, he signed with [[Fort Lauderdale CF]] in [[USL League One]] (who later re-branded to [[Inter Miami II]] upon their move to [[MLS Next Pro]] in 2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iftwc.com/shaan-hundal-joins-beckham-owned-fort-lauderdale-cf/|title=PIO Shaan Hundal joins David Beckham owned Fort Lauderdale CF|first=Varun|last=Deshpande|date=April 8, 2021|work=IFTWC}}</ref> He scored his first goal for the club on April 17, in a 1-0 victory over [[South Georgia Tormenta FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/news/fort-lauderdale-cf-claims-first-victory-2021-season-defeats-tormenta-road|title=Match recap: Fort Lauderdale CF Claims First Victory of the 2021 Season, Defeats Tormenta on the Road|first=Mauricio|last=Venegas|date=April 17, 2021|work=[[Inter Miami CF]]}}</ref> On May 2, he scored a brace in a 2-1 victory over the [[Richmond Kickers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uslleagueone.com/news_article/show/1161577|title=Hundal's Brace Powers Fort Lauderdale Past Richmond|date=May 2, 2021|work=[[USL League One]]}}</ref> In his first season with the club, he led the team in scoring with 11 goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insauga.com/brampton-soccer-player-signs-with-david-beckhams-inter-miami-cf/|title=Brampton soccer player signs with David Beckham’s Inter Miami CF|work=InBrampton|date=July 9, 2022|first=Samantha|last=Lawson}}</ref> At the end of the season, he was named a USL League One Second Team All-Star<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/news/shaan-hundal-named-to-usl-league-one-all-league-second-team|title=Shaan Hundal Named to USL League One All-League Second Team|date=November 10, 2021|work=[[Inter Miami CF]]}}</ref> and was a finalist for the league's Young Player of the Year award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/news/allen-hundal-voted-as-finalists-for-usl-league-one-young-player-of-the-year-awar|title=Allen, Hundal Voted as Finalists for USL League One Young Player of the Year Award|date=November 11, 2021|work=[[Inter Miami CF]]}}</ref> In July 2022, he signed a short-term loan agreement with their [[Major League Soccer]] parent club, [[Inter Miami CF]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/news/inter-miami-cf-signs-shaan-hundal-on-short-term-loan-agreement-from-inter-miami-|title=Inter Miami CF Signs Shaan Hundal on Short-Term Loan Agreement From Inter Miami CF II|date=July 8, 2022|work=[[Inter Miami CF]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, Hundal joined newly-established Canadian Premier League side [[Vancouver FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/shaan-hundal-returns-to-cpl-with-vancouver-fc|title=Shaan Hundal returns to CPL with Vancouver FC|date=January 31, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bramptonsoccer.com/brampton-soccers-shaan-hundal-signs-for-vancouver-fc/|title=Brampton Soccer's Shaan Hundal signs for Vancouver FC|work=Brampton Soccer|date=February 4, 2023}}</ref> On April 22, he scored the first ever goal in the club's history, opening the score-sheet in an eventual 2-1 [[2023 Canadian Premier League season|league]] win against [[York United FC]], which also represented Vancouver's first ever victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/watch-shaan-hundal-scores-first-goal-in-vancouver-fc-club-history|title=WATCH: Shaan Hundal scores first goal in Vancouver FC club history|date=April 22, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=April 23, 2023 |title=History-Maker Hundal Takes Shot At Whitecaps |url=https://northerntribune.ca/vancouver-fc-shaan-hundal-whitecaps-comment/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Northern Tribune}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
Born in Canada, to [[Sikh]] [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] parents,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/vancouver-fc-x-punjabi-market-collective|title=Shaan Hundal visits Vancouver’s Punjabi Market Collective|date=July 27, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|first=David|last=Nava}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Hundal |first=Shaan |date=22 May 2015 |title=Proud to be Sikh|user=ShaanHundal09|number=601574606185603072}}</ref> Hundal is eligible for the national teams of both Canada and India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wakingthered.com/2020/7/28/21341181/brampton-soccer-roundtable-wtr-speak-to-valour-fc-signing-shaan-hundal|title=Brampton Soccer Roundtable: WTR speak to Valour FC signing Shaan Hundal|date=July 28, 2020|work=Waking the Red}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://iftwc.com/shaan-hundal-i-would-definitely-consider-to-play-for-india-if-offered-under-better-circumstances/|title=Shaan Hundal – “I would Definitely Consider To Play For India, If Offered Under Better Circumstances!”|date=July 19, 2020|work=IFTWC}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2013, Hundal made his debut in the Canadian youth program at a Canada U15 identification camp.<ref name=canada>{{Canada Soccer player|id=3895}}</ref> After attending multiple camps with the Canada U15, [[Canada men's national under-17 soccer team|Canada U17]], and Canada U18 teams, he was called up to the [[Canada men's national under-20 soccer team|Canada U20]] team for the first time for a camp in November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/717570|title=Toronto’s Hundal, WFC2’s Chung Feature in Canada U20 Squad|date=November 4, 2016|work=[[United Soccer League]]}}</ref> He was subsequently named to the roster for the [[2017 CONCACAF U-20 Championship]], where he scored his first international goal against [[Antigua and Barbuda national under-20 football team|Antigua and Barbuda U20]] on February 23, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/canada-finishes-concacaf-under20-championship-with-win-over-antigua-and-barbuda|title=Canada finishes CONCACAF under-20 championship with win over Antigua and Barbuda|date=February 22, 2017|work=[[National Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/we-are-tfc-ii-shaan-hundal|title=We are TFC II - Shaan Hundal|first=Adam|last=Krueger|date=September 20, 2017|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref> In January 2018, he was called to a camp with the [[Canada men's national under-23 soccer team|Canada U23]] team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ontariosoccer.net/news_article/show/873875|title=11 Ontario players called to Canada Soccer's men's national team U-23 camp squad|date=January 9, 2018|work=[[Ontario Soccer Association]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
{{updated|July 7, 2023}}<ref>{{soccerway|shaan-hundal/442122}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|League<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="2"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|Playoffs<br />
!colspan="2"|Domestic Cup<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Toronto FC III]]<br />
|[[Premier Development League]]<br />
|[[2016 PDL season|2016]]<ref name=usl2/><br />
|1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[League1 Ontario]]<br />
|[[2018 League1 Ontario season|2018]]<ref name=l1o /><br />
|2||4||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||4<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Total<br />
!3!!4!!0!!0!!0!!0!!3!!4<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|[[Toronto FC II]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[USL Championship|USL]]<br />
|[[2016 Toronto FC II season|2016]]<br />
|27||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||27||6<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Toronto FC II season|2017]]<br />
|22||7||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||22||7<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Toronto FC II season|2018]]<br />
|24||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||24||2<br />
|-<br />
|[[USL League One]]<br />
|[[2019 Toronto FC II season|2019]]<br />
|11||2||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||11||2<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Total<br />
!84!!17!!0!!0!!0!!0!!84!!17<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ottawa Fury FC|Ottawa Fury]] (loan)<br />
|[[USL Championship]]<br />
|[[2019 Ottawa Fury FC season|2019]]<br />
|1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Valour FC]]<br />
|[[Canadian Premier League]]<br />
|[[2020 Valour FC season|2020]]<br />
|6||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||6||0<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Inter Miami CF II]]<br />
|[[USL League One]]<br />
|[[2021 USL League One season|2021]]<br />
|27||11||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||27||11<br />
|-<br />
|[[MLS Next Pro]]<br />
|[[2022 MLS Next Pro season|2022]]<br />
|20||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||6<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Total<br />
!47!!17!!0!!0!!0!!0!!47!!17<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vancouver FC]]<br />
|[[Canadian Premier League]]<br />
|[[2023 Vancouver FC season|2023]]<br />
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|-<br />
! colspan="3" |Career Total<br />
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==Notes==<br />
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== See also ==<br />
*[[List of Sikh Footballers]]<br />
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[[Category:Vancouver FC players]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-Scythians&diff=388034Indo-Scythians2023-03-13T12:34:23Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Nomadic Iranian peoples of Saka and Scythian origin}}<br />
{{morefootnotes}}<br />
{{Copy edit}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates}}<br />
{{Use Indian English}}<br />
{{Infobox former country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Indo-Scythian Kingdom<br />
|common_name = Indo-Scythian Kingdom<br />
|era = [[ancient history|Antiquity]]<br />
|government_type = Monarchy<br />
|year_start = {{circa}} 150 BC<br />
|year_end = 400 AD<br />
|p1 = Greco-Bactrian Kingdom<br />
|flag_p1 = Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg<br />
|p2 = Indo-Greek Kingdom<br />
|flag_p2 = Map_of_the_Indo-Greeks.png<br />
|p3 = Maurya Empire<br />
|flag_p3 = Maurya_Empire,_c.250_BCE_2.png<br />
|s1 = Kushan Empire<br />
|flag_s1 = Kushan_Empire_(highlighted).jpg<br />
|s2 = Sassanid Empire<br />
|flag_s2 = Derafsh_Kaviani_flag_of_the_late_Sassanid_Empire.svg<br />
|s4 = Indo-Parthians<br />
|flag_s4 = Map_of_the_Indo-Parthians.png<br />
|s5 = Paratarajas<br />
|flag_s5 = <br />
|s6 = Gupta Empire<br />
|flag_s6 = Map_of_the_Gupta_Empire.png<br />
|image_map = Map of the Indo-Scythians.png<br />
|image_map_caption = Territories and expansion of the Indo-Scythians at their greatest extent, including territories of the [[Northern Satraps]] and [[Western Satraps]].<br />
|capital = {{ublist|[[Sigal, Sakastan|Sigal]]|[[Taxila]]|[[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]}}<br />
|common_languages = [[Saka language|Saka]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Diringer |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57042/page/n351/mode/2up |title=The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind |publisher=Hutchinson's Scientific and Technical Publications |edition=Second and revised |location=London |page=350 |language=en |orig-date=1948}}</ref><br>[[Koine Greek|Greek]],<br>[[Pali]] ([[Kharoshthi]] script),<br>[[Sanskrit]],<br>[[Prakrit]] ([[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] script)<br />
|religion = {{ublist|[[Hinduism]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WHz7hrkq2OIC The Decline and Fall of the Hindus: The Book on India's Regeneration]</ref>|[[Buddhism]]|[[Ancient Greek religion]]}}<br />
|title_leader=[[King]]<br />
|leader1 = [[Maues]]<br />
|year_leader1 = 85–60 BC<br />
|leader2 = Hajatria<br />
|year_leader2 = 10 AD<br />
|stat_year1 = 20 est.<ref name="Taagepera">{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D|journal=Social Science History|volume=3|issue=3/4|pages=115–138|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref><br />
|stat_area1 = 2600000<br />
}}<br />
'''Indo-Scythians''' (also called '''Indo-Sakas''') were a group of [[nomad]]ic [[Iranian peoples]] of [[Scythians|Scythian]] origin who migrated from [[Central Asia]] southward into the northwestern [[Indian subcontinent]], precisely into the modern-day South Asian regions of [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]] and [[northern India]]. The migrations persisted from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE.<br />
<br />
The first [[Saka]] king of [[Greater India|India]] was [[Maues|Maues/Moga]] (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in [[Gandhara]], [[Indus Valley]], and other regions in today's Afghanistan, Pakistan and North India. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western subcontinent, conquering the [[Indo-Greeks]] and other local kingdoms. The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the [[Kushan Empire]], by either [[Kujula Kadphises]] or [[Kanishka]].<ref>Kharapallana and Vanaspara are known from an inscription discovered in Sarnath, and dated to the 3rd year of Kanishka, in which they were paying allegiance to the Kushanas. Source: "A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum. Andhras etc." Rapson, p ciii</ref> Yet the Saka continued to govern as [[satrapies]],<ref>"The titles "Kshatrap" and "Mahakshatrapa" certainly show that the Western Kshatrapas were originally feudatories" in Rapson, "Coins of the British Museum", p.cv</ref> forming the [[Northern Satraps]] and [[Western Satraps]]. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the [[Satavahana]] emperor [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]].<ref>World history from early times to A D 2000 by B. V. Rao: p.97</ref><ref>A Brief History of India, by Alain Daniélou p.136</ref> Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern subcontinent ceased when the last [[Western Satrap]] [[Rudrasimha III]] was defeated by the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] emperor [[Chandragupta II]] in 395 CE.<ref>India in a Globalised World, by Sagarika Dutt p.24</ref><ref>Ancient India, by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar p. 234</ref><br />
<br />
The invasion of northern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]] by Scythian tribes from Central Asia, often referred to as the Indo-Scythian invasion, played a significant part in the [[history of India|history of the subcontinent]] as well as of nearby regions. In fact, the Indo-Scythian war is just one chapter in the events triggered by the nomadic flight of Central Asians from conflict with tribes such as the [[Xiongnu]] in the 2nd century CE, which had lasting effects on [[Bactria]], [[Kabul]], and the Indian subcontinent as well as far-off Rome in the west, and more nearby to the west in [[Parthia]].<br />
<br />
Ancient Roman historians, including [[Arrian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/arrian-bookVIII-India.asp|title=Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica); Section V|website=Ancient History Sourcebooks|publisher=[[Fordham University]]|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref> and [[Ptolemy|Claudius Ptolemy]], have mentioned that the ancient Sakas ("Sakai") were [[nomadic people]].<ref>[[Ptolemy]] vi, xiii (1932), p. 143.</ref><br />
<br />
The first rulers of the Indo-Scythian Kingdom were [[Maues]], c. 85–60 BCE, and [[Vonones of Indo-Scythia|Vonones]], c. 75–65 BCE.<ref>{{cite book|access-date=2023-01-28|author=Suchandra Ghosh|title=The Encyclopedia of Empire |doi=10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe067|editor=Nigel Dalziel, John M MacKenzie|isbn=978-1-118-45507-4|language=en|location=Oxford, UK|page=1–2|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|chapter=Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdom|chapter-url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe067}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><br />
<br />
== Origins ==<br />
{{Main|Saka}}<br />
[[File:Saka warrior Termez Achaeological Museum.jpg|thumb|Head of a [[Saka]] warrior, as a defeated enemy of the [[Yuezhi]], from [[Khalchayan]], northern [[Bactria]] ([Afghanistan]), 1st century BCE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abdullaev |first1=Kazim |title=Nomad Migration in Central Asia (in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam) |journal=Proceedings of the British Academy |volume=133 |pages=87–98 |url=https://www.academia.edu/6864202 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Greek Art in Central Asia, Afghan – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/greece-viii#prettyPhoto[content]/7/}}</ref><ref>[https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bf/c2/42/bfc242271c38d714044837d179faab53.jpg Also a Saka according to this source]</ref>]]<br />
[[File:MenWithDragons.jpg|thumb|The treasure of the royal burial [[Tillya Tepe]] is attributed to 1st century BCE Sakas in [[Bactria]].]]<br />
The ancestors of the Indo-Scythians are thought to have been [[Sakas]] ([[Scythian]]) tribes. <br />
<blockquote>"One group of Indo-European speakers that makes an early appearance on the [[Xinjiang]] stage is the Saka (Ch. Sai). Saka is more a generic term than a name for a specific state or ethnic group; Saka tribes were part of a cultural continuum of early nomads across Siberia and the Central Eurasian steppe lands from Xinjiang to the Black Sea. Like the Scythians whom [[Herodotus]] describes in book four of his ''History'' (''Saka'' is an Iranian word equivalent to the Greek ''Scythes'', and many scholars refer to them together as Saka-Scythian), Sakas were Iranian-speaking horse nomads who deployed chariots in battle, sacrificed horses, and buried their dead in barrows or mound tombs called ''[[kurgans]]''."<ref>Millward (2007), p. 13.</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
The Sakas of Western India spoke the [[Saka language]], also known as [[Khotanese language|Khotanese]] as it was first attested in the [[Tarim Basin]].<ref name="DD350">{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=Alphabet A Key To The History Of Mankind |page=350 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57042/page/n351/mode/2up}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Achaemenid period (6th-4th century BCE)===<br />
During the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]] circa 515 BCE, the Achaemenid army was not uniquely Persian, and the Sakas probably participated in the invasion of northwestern India. The Achaemenid army was composed of many different ethnicities that were part of the vast Achaemenid Empire. The army included [[Bactrians]], Sakas ([[Scythians]]), [[Parthia]]ns, and [[Sogdians]].<ref name="Beckwith p.5">{{cite book |last1=Beckwith |first1=Christopher I. |title=Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9781400866328 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlCUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref> Herodotus gives a full list of the ethnicities of the Achaemenid army, in which are included Sakas together with [[Yona|Ionians]] (Greeks), and even [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]ns.<ref>Herodotus [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Herodotus/7B*.html VII 65]</ref><ref name="Beckwith p.5"/> These ethnicities are likely to have been included in the Achaemenid army which invaded India.<ref name="Beckwith p.5"/><br />
<br />
Some scholars, including [[Michael Witzel]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Attwood |first1=Jayarava |title=Possible Iranian Origins for the Śākyas and Aspects of Buddhism |url=https://www.academia.edu/25950011 |language=en|pages=47–69}}</ref> and [[Christopher I. Beckwith]]<ref name="CIB">{{cite book |last1=Beckwith |first1=Christopher I. |title=Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9781400866328 |pages=1–21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlCUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en}}</ref> suggested that the [[Shakya]]s, the clan of the historical [[Gautama Buddha]], were originally [[Scythians]] from Central Asia, and that the Indian ethnonym ''Śākya'' has the same origin as “Scythian”, called Sakas in India.<ref name="Beckwith p.5"/> This would also explain the strong support of the Sakas for the Buddhist faith in India.<ref name="CIB"/><br />
<br />
The Persians, the Sakas and the Greeks, may have later participated in the campaigns of [[Chandragupta Maurya]] to gain the throne of [[Magadha]] circa 320 BCE. The ''[[Mudrarakshasa]]'' states that after Alexander's death, an alliance of "''[[Scythians|Shaka]]-[[Greeks|Yavana]]-[[Kambojas|Kamboja]]-[[Persians|Parasika]]-[[Bahlikas|Bahlika]]''" was used by Chandragupta Maurya in his campaign to take the throne in [[Magadha]] and found the [[Mauryan Empire]].<ref name="RM"><br />
{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804050 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA27 |language=en}}; {{cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |chapter=The Foundation of the Mauryan Empire |editor=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |title=A Comprehensive History of India, Volume 2: Mauryas and Satavahanas |publisher=Orient Longmans |page=4 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532644/page/n5}}: "The Mudrarakshasa further informs us that his Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite army ... Among these are mentioned the following : Sakas, Yavanas (probably Greeks), Kiratas, Kambojas, Parasikas and Bahlikas."</ref><ref name="EI134"/><ref name="DS">{{cite journal |author=D.&nbsp;B. Spooner |year=1915 |title=The Zoroastrian Period of Indian History |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]] |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=416–417 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00048437 |jstor=25189338 |s2cid=162867863 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2403053 }}: "After Alexander's death, when Chandragupta marched on [[Magadha|Magada]], it was with largely the Persian army that he won the throne of India. The testimony of the [[Mudrarakshasa]] is explicit on this point, and we have no reason to doubt its accuracy in matter[s] of this kind."<br />
</ref> The ''Sakas'' were the [[Scythians]], the ''Yavanas'' were the [[Greeks]], and the ''Parasikas'' were the [[Persians]].<ref name="EI134"><br />
{{cite book |last1=Shashi |first1=Shyam Singh |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Mauryas |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=9788170418597 |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfwvAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}: "Among those who helped Chandragupta in his struggle against the Nandas, were the Sakas (Scythians), Yavanas (Greeks), and Parasikas (Persians)"</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804050 |page=210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA210 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Yuezhi expansion (2nd century BCE)===<br />
In the 2nd century BCE, a fresh [[nomad]]ic movement started among the Central Asian tribes, producing lasting effects on the history of Rome in Europe, [[Parthia]] in Western Asia, and [[Bactria]], [[Kabul]], and India in the east in Southern Asia.{{citation needed}} Recorded in the annals of the [[Han dynasty]] and other Chinese records, this great tribal movement began after the [[Yuezhi]] tribe was defeated by the [[Xiongnu]], fleeing westwards after their defeat and creating a [[domino effect]] as they displaced other central Asian tribes in their path.<ref name=Rene>{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/32 32] |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/32 }}</ref><br />
[[File:Orlat plaque detail.jpg|thumb|left|Detail of one of the [[Orlat plaques]] seemingly representing Scythian soldiers.]]<br />
<br />
According to these ancient sources [[Modu Shanyu]] of the [[Xiongnu]] tribe of [[Mongolia]] attacked the [[Yuezhi]] (possibly related to the [[Tocharians]] who lived in eastern [[Tarim Basin]] area) and evicted them from their homeland between the [[Qilian Shan]] and [[Dunhuang]] around 175 BCE.<ref>''Shiji'', chap. 123 translated in: Burton Watson (1993), p. 234.</ref> Leaving behind a remnant of their number, most of the population moved westwards into the [[Ili River]] area. There, they displaced the [[Sakas]], who migrated south into [[Ferghana]] and [[Sogdiana]]. According to the Chinese historical chronicles (who call the Sakas, "Sai" 塞): "[The Yuezhi] attacked the king of the Sai, who moved a considerable distance to the south and the Yuezhi then occupied his lands."<ref>''[[Hanshu|Han Shu]]'' 61 4B Original tex: 西擊塞王。塞王南走遠徙，月氏居其地。</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/benjamin.html |title=The Yuezhi Migration and Sogdia |author=Craig Benjamin|journal=Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series I: Eran Ud Aneran |date =October 2003}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sometime after 155 BCE, the Yuezhi were again defeated by an alliance of the [[Wusun]] and the [[Xiongnu]], and were forced to move south, again displacing the Scythians, who migrated south towards [[Bactria]] and present [[Afghanistan]], and south-west closer towards [[Parthia]].<br />
<br />
The Sakas seem to have entered the territory of the [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]] around 145 BCE, where they burnt to the ground the Greek city of [[Alexandria on the Oxus]].{{citation needed}} The Yuezhi remained in Sogdiana on the northern bank of the [[Oxus]], but they became [[suzerain]]s of the Sakas in Bactrian territory, as described by the Chinese ambassador [[Zhang Qian]] who visited the region around 126 BCE.{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
In Parthia, between 138–124 BCE, a tribe known to ancient Greek scholars as the [[Sacaraucae]] (probably from the Old Persian ''Sakaravaka'' "nomadic Saka") and an allied people, the [[Massagetae]], came into conflict with the [[Parthian Empire]]. The Sacaraucae-Massagetae alliance won several battles and killed, in succession, the Parthian kings [[Phraates II]] and [[Artabanus I of Parthia|Artabanus&nbsp;I]].<br />
<br />
The Parthian king [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] finally retook control of parts of Central Asia, first by defeating the Yuezhi in [[Sogdia]] in 115 BCE, and then defeating the Scythians in Parthia and [[Seistan]] around 100 BCE.{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
After their defeat, the Yuezhi tribes migrated relatively far to the east into Bactria, which they were to control for several centuries,{{citation needed}} and from which they later conquered northern India to found the [[Kushan Empire]].<ref name="Jonson2006">{{cite book|author=Lena Jonson|title=Tajikistan in the New Central Asia: Geopolitics, Great Power Rivalry and Radical Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA25|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-293-6|page=25}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Settlement in Sakastan ==<br />
[[File:SakastanMap.jpg|thumb|Map of [[Sakastan]] around 100 BCE]]<br />
The Sakas settled in [[Drangiana]], an area of southern [[Afghanistan]], western [[Pakistan]] and south [[Iran]], which was then named after them, as [[Sakastan]] or Sistan.<ref name="bailey 1996 pp1230-1231">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7IHmyKcPtYC&pg=PA1231 |author= Bailey, H.W. |chapter=Chapter 34: Khotanese Saka Literature |editor= Ehsan Yarshater |title =The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol III: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods, Part 2 |edition=reprint |publisher=Cambridge University Press|orig-year=14 April 1983|isbn=978-0521246934|pages= 1230–1231}}</ref> From there, they progressively expanded into present day Iran as well as northern India, where they established various kingdoms, and where they were known as "Saka".{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
The mixed [[Scythian]] [[Orda (organization)|horde]]s that migrated to Drangiana and surrounding regions later spread further into north and south-west India via the lower Indus valley. Their migration spread into [[Sauvira Kingdom|Sovira]], Gujarat, Rajasthan and northern India, including kingdoms in the Indian mainland.<br />
<br />
The [[Arsacid Empire|Arsacid]] emperor [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] (c. 123–88/87 BCE) pursued an aggressive military policy in Central Asia and added many provinces to the [[Parthian Empire]].<ref>Justin XL.II.2</ref> This included Western Bactria which Mithridates wrested from the Indo-Scythians. <ref>Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2010). "The early reign of Mithradates II the Great in Parthia". 1. Anabasis: 144–158</ref> <br />
<br />
Following military pressure from the [[Yuezhi]] (precursors of the Kushana), a section of the Indo-Scythians moved from [[Bactria]] to [[Lake Helmond]] (or Hāmūn), and settled in or around [[Drangiana]] ([[Sigal, Sakastan|Sigal]]), a region which later came to be called "Sakistana of the <br>Skythian&nbsp;Sakai&nbsp;{{sic}}",<ref>''Isodor of Charax, Sathmoi Parthikoi, 18''.</ref> towards the end of 1st century BCE.<ref>''Political History of Ancient India'', 1996, p 693.</ref> The region is still known as [[Seistan]].<br />
<br />
The presence of the Sakas in Sakastan in the 1st century BCE is mentioned by [[Isidore of Charax]] in his "Parthian stations". He explained that they were bordered at that time by Greek cities to the east ([[Alexandria of the Caucasus]] and [[Alexandria of the Arachosians]]), and the Parthian-controlled territory of [[Arachosia]] to the south:<br />
<br />
:"Beyond is Sacastana of the Scythian Sacae, which is also Paraetacena, 63 [[schoeni]]. There are the city of Barda and the city of Min and the city of [[Palacenti]] and the city of [[Sigal, Sakastan|Sigal]]; in that place is the royal residence of the Sacae; and nearby is the city of Alexandria ([[Alexandria Arachosia]]), and six villages." Parthian stations, 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthia.com/parthian_stations.htm |title=Parthian stations |publisher=Parthia.com |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Indo-Scythian kingdoms ==<br />
=== Pamirs to Taxila ===<br />
[[File:East-Hem_100bc.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Asia in 100 BCE, showing the Sakas and their neighbors]]<br />
[[Ahmad Hasan Dani|Ahmad Hassan Dani]] and professor {{ILL|Karl Jettmar|de}}, from the petroglyphs left by Saka soldiers at principal river crossings at [[Chilas]] and the [[Sacred Rock of Hunza]] in Pakistan, have established the route across the [[Karakoram]] mountains used by [[Maues]], the first Indo-Scythian king, to capture [[Taxila]] from [[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greek]] King [[Apollodotus II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 2<br />
|pages=191–207|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.}}</ref><br />
<br />
The 1st century CE [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] describes the Scythian territories there:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Beyond this region ([[Gedrosia]]), the continent making a wide curve from the east across the depths of the bays, there follows the coast district of Scythia, which lies above toward the north; the whole marshy; from which flows down the river [[Indus|Sinthus]], the greatest of all the rivers that flow into the Erythraean Sea, bringing down an enormous volume of water (...) This river has seven mouths, very shallow and marshy, so that they are not navigable, except the one in the middle; at which by the shore, is the market-town, [[Barbarikon|Barbaricum]]. Before it there lies a small island, and inland behind it is the metropolis of Scythia, [[Minnagara]]; it is subject to [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom|Parthian]] princes who are constantly driving each other out.."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html |title=Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 38 |publisher=Fordham.edu |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
The Indo-Scythians ultimately established a kingdom in the northwest, based near [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]], with two great [[Satraps]], one in [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] in the east, and one in [[Saurashtra (region)|Surastrene]] ([[Gujarat]]) in the southwest.<br />
<br />
In the southeast, the Indo-Scythians invaded the area of [[Ujjain]], but were subsequently repelled in 57 BCE by the [[Malwa]] king [[Vikramaditya]]. To commemorate the event Vikramaditya established the [[Vikrama era]], a specific Indian calendar starting in 57 BCE. More than a century later, in CE 78, the Sakas would again invade Ujjain and establish the [[Saka era]], marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka [[Western Satraps]] kingdom.<ref>''The dynastic art of the Kushans'', John Rosenfield, p 130</ref><br />
<br />
=== Gandhara and Punjab ===<br />
[[File:BalaramaMauesCoin1stCenturyBCE.jpg|thumb|left|Coin of [[Maues]] depicting [[Balarama]], 1st century BCE. [[British Museum]].]]<br />
[[File:AzesIIFineCoin.jpg|thumb|A coin of the Indo-Scythian king [[Azes]]]]<br />
The presence of the Scythians in modern day Pakistan and north-western India during the 1st century BCE was contemporary with that of the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]]s there, and it seems they initially recognized the power of the local Greek rulers.<br />
<br />
[[Maues]] first conquered [[Gandhara]] and [[Taxila (ancient)|Taxila]] in present day Afghanistan and Pakistan around 80 BCE, but his kingdom disintegrated after his death. In the east, the Indian king [[Vikrama]] retook [[Ujjain]] from the Indo-Scythians, celebrating his victory by the creation of the [[Vikrama era]] (starting 58 BCE). Indo-Greek kings again ruled after Maues, and prospered, as indicated by the profusion of coins from Kings [[Apollodotus II]] and [[Hippostratos]]. Not until [[Azes I]], in 55 BCE, did the Indo-Scythians take final control of northwestern India, with their victory over Hippostratos.<br />
<br />
==== Sculpture ====<br />
[[File:StonePalette5.JPG|thumb|left|170px|A toilet tray of the type found in the Early Saka layer at [[Sirkap]]]]<br />
<br />
Excavations organized by [[John Marshall (archaeologist)|John Marshall]] found several stone sculptures in the Early Saka layer (Layer No4, corresponding to the period of Azes I, in which numerous coins of the latter were found).<br />
[[File:Indo Scythian Bronze Coin from reign of Azes I.jpg|alt=Bronze coin of Indo-Scythian King Azes|thumb|A bronze coin of the Indo-Scythian King Azes. Obverse: BASILEWS BASILEWN MEGALOU AZOU, Humped Brahman bull (zebu) walking right, Whitehead symbol 15 (Z in square) above; Reverse: Kharosthi "jha" to right / Kharosthi legend, Lion or leopard standing right, Whitehead symbol 26 above; Reference: Whitehead 259; BMC p. 86, 141.]]<br />
[[File:BimaranCasket2.JPG|thumb|180px|The [[Bimaran casket]], representing the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] surrounded by [[Brahma (Buddhism)|Brahma]] (left) and [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Śakra]] (right) was found inside a [[stupa]] with coins of [[Azes]] inside. [[British Museum]].]]<br />
Several of them are toilet trays (also called [[stone palette]]s) roughly imitative of earlier, and finer, Hellenistic examples found in the earlier layers. Marshall comments that "we have a praiseworthy effort to copy a Hellenistic original but obviously without the appreciation of form and skill which were necessary for the task". From the same layer, several statuettes in the round are also known, in very rigid and frontal style.{{cn}}<br />
<br />
==== Bimaran casket ====<br />
{{Main|Bimaran casket}}<br />
[[Azes]] is connected to the [[Bimaran casket]], one of the earliest representations of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]. The casket was used for the dedication of a [[stupa]] in Bamiran, near [[Jalalabad]] in [[Afghanistan]], and placed inside the stupa with several coins of Azes. This event may have happened during the reign of Azes (60–20 BCE), or slightly later. The Indo-Scythians are otherwise connected with Buddhism (see [[Mathura lion capital]]), and it is indeed possible they would have commended the work.<br />
<br />
=== Mathura area ("Northern Satraps") ===<br />
{{main|Northern Satraps}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Rajuvula coin Northern Satrap with Greek legend and Athena Alkidemos.jpg|thumb|left|Coin of [[Rajuvula]] (c. 10 CE), AE, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]<br /><br />
'''Obv:''' Bust of King Rajuvula, with Greek legend.<br /><br />
'''Rev:''' [[Athena|Pallas]] standing right (crude). [[Kharoshthi]] legend.]]<br />
[[File:MathuraLionCapital.JPG|thumb|The [[Mathura lion capital]] is an important Indo-Scythian monument dedicated to the Buddhist religion ([[British Museum]]).]]<br />
In northern India, the Indo-Scythians conquered the area of [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] over Indian kings around 60 BCE. Some of their [[satrap]]s were [[Hagamasha]] and Hagana, who were in turn followed by the Saca Great Satrap [[Rajuvula]].<br />
<br />
The [[Mathura lion capital]], an Indo-Scythian sandstone capital in crude style, from [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] in northern India, and dated to the 1st century CE, describes in [[kharoshthi]] the gift of a [[stupa]] with a relic of the Buddha, by Queen [[Nadasi Kasa]], the wife of the Indo-Scythian ruler of Mathura, [[Rajuvula]]. The capital also mentions the genealogy of several Indo-Scythian satraps of Mathura.<br />
<br />
Rajuvula apparently eliminated the last of the Indo-Greek kings [[Strato II]] around 10 CE, and took his capital city, [[Sagala]].<br />
<br />
The coinage of the period, such as that of Rajuvula, tends to become very crude and barbarized in style. It is also very much debased, the silver content becoming lower and lower, in exchange for a higher proportion of bronze, an alloying technique ([[Billon (alloy)|billon]]) suggesting less than wealthy finances.<br />
<br />
The Mathura lion capital inscriptions attest that [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] fell under the control of the Sakas. The [[inscription]]s contain references to [[Kharahostes]] and Queen [[Ayasia]], the "chief queen of the Indo-Scythian ruler of [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]], satrap [[Rajuvula]]." [[Kharahostes]] was the son of ''Arta'' as is attested by his own coins.<ref>''Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa''. See: ''Political History of Ancient India'', 1996, p 398, H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Tristan57V; ''Ancient India'', 1956, pp 220–221, R. K. Nsui Mp</ref> Arta is stated to be brother of King Moga or [[Maues]].<ref>''Ancient India'', pp 220–221, R. k. Asingh1j; ''Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum'', Vol II, Part 1, p 36, D S Konow</ref><br />
<br />
The Indo-Scythian satraps of Mathura are sometimes called the "Northern Satraps", in opposition to the "[[Western Satraps]]" ruling in [[Gujarat]] and [[Malwa]]. After Rajuvula, several successors are known to have ruled as vassals to the [[Kushan]]s, such as the "Great Satrap" [[Kharapallana]] and the "Satrap" [[Vanaspara]], who are known from an inscription discovered in [[Sarnath]], and dated to the 3rd year of [[Kanishka]] (c. CE 130), in which they were paying allegiance to the Kushans.<ref>Source: "A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum. Andhras etc..." Rapson, p ciii</ref><br />
<br />
=== Pataliputra ===<br />
[[File:AzesIITriratna.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Silver coin of [[Vijayamitra]] in the name of [[Azes]]. Buddhist [[triratna]] symbol in the left field on the reverse.]]<br />
[[File:KingAzesIIProfile.JPG|thumb|150px|Profile of the Indo-Scythian King [[Azes]] on one of his coins.]]<br />
The text of the [[Yuga Purana]] describes an invasion of [[Pataliputra]] by the Scythians sometime during the 1st century BCE, after seven great kings had ruled in succession in [[Saketa]] following the retreat of the Yavanas. The Yuga Purana explains that the king of the [[Saka]]s killed one fourth of the population, before he was himself slain by the [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] king [[Shata (king)|Shata]] and a group of Sabalas (Sabaras or Bhillas).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boloji.com/history/027.htm |title=A gap in Puranic history |publisher=Boloji.com |access-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114183336/http://boloji.com/history/027.htm |archive-date=14 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kushan and Indo-Parthian conquests ===<br />
After the death of Azes, the rule of the Indo-Scythians in northwestern India was shattered with the rise of the [[Indo-Parthian]] ruler [[Gondophares]] in the last years of the 1st century BCE. For the following decades, a number of minor Scythian leaders maintained themselves in local strongholds on the fringes of the loosely assembled Indo-Parthian empire, some of them paying formal allegiance to Gondophares I and his successors.<br />
<br />
During the latter part of the 1st century CE, the Indo-Parthian overlordship was gradually replaced with that of the [[Kushans]], one of the five tribes of the [[Yuezhi]] who had lived in Bactria for more than a century, and were now expanding into India to create a Kushan Empire. The Kushans ultimately regained northwestern India from around CE 75, and the area of Mathura from around CE 100, where they were to prosper for several centuries.<ref name="Jonson2006" />{{Citation needed}}<br />
<br />
=== Western Kshatrapas ===<br />
[[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the [[Western Kshatrapa]] ruler Rudrasimha I (c. CE 175 to 197), a descendant of the Indo-Scythians]]<br />
{{Main|Western Kshatrapas}}<br />
Indo-Scythians continued to hold the area of [[Seistan]] until the reign of [[Bahram II]] (CE 276–293), and held several areas of India well into the 1st millennium: [[Kathiawar]] and [[Gujarat]] were under their rule until the 5th century under the designation of [[Western Kshatrapas]]. The Khsatrap [[Rudradaman I]] was a notable conqueror whose exploits are inscribed in the [[Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman]]. During his campaigns, Rudradaman conqured the [[Yaudheya]]s and defeated the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana Empire]]. The Western Kshatraps were eventually conquered by the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] emperor [[Chandragupta II]] (also called Vikramaditya).<br />
<br />
== Indo-Scythian coinage ==<br />
[[File:Coin of Maues.jpg|thumb|Silver tetradrachm of the Indo-Scythian king [[Maues]] (85–60 BCE).]]<br />
Indo-Scythian coinage is generally of a high artistic quality, although it clearly deteriorates towards the disintegration of Indo-Scythian rule around CE 20 (coins of [[Rajuvula]]). A fairly high-quality but rather stereotypical coinage would continue in the [[Western Satraps]] until the 4th century.<br />
<br />
Indo-Scythian coinage is generally quite realistic, artistically somewhere between Indo-Greek and Kushan coinage. It is often suggested Indo-Scythian coinage benefited from the help of Greek celators (Boppearachchi).<br />
<br />
Indo-Scythian coins essentially continue the Indo-Greek tradition, by using the Greek language on the obverse and the [[Kharoshthi]] language on the reverse. The portrait of the king is never shown however, and is replaced by depictions of the king on horse (and sometimes on camel), or sometimes sitting cross-legged on a cushion. The reverse of their coins typically show Greek divinities.<br />
<br />
Buddhist symbolism is present throughout Indo-Scythian coinage. In particular, they adopted the Indo-Greek practice since [[Menander I]] of showing divinities forming the [[mudra|vitarka mudra]] with their right hand (as for the mudra-forming [[Zeus]] on the coins of [[Maues]] or [[Azes II]]), or the presence of the Buddhist lion on the coins of the same two kings, or the [[triratana]] symbol on the coins of [[Zeionises]].<br />
<br />
== Indo-Scythian art ==<br />
{{main|Indo-Scythian art}}<br />
[[File:AzilisesWearingTunic.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Azilises]] on horse, wearing a tunic]]<br />
Besides coinage, few works of art are known to indisputably represent Indo-Scythians. Indo-Scythian rulers are usually depicted on horseback in armour, but the coins of [[Azilises]] show the king in a simple, undecorated, tunic.{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
Several Gandharan sculptures also show foreigners in soft tunics, sometimes wearing the [[pointed hat]] typical of [[Scythians]]. They stand in contrast to representations of Kushan men, who seem to wear thick, rigid, tunics, and who are generally represented in a much more simplistic manner.<ref>Francine Tissot "Gandhara", p74</ref>[[File:Scythian_devotee_Butkara_I.jpg|right|thumb|Scythian devotee, [[Butkara Stupa]]]]<br />
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=== Buner reliefs ===<br />
<br />
Indo-Scythian soldiers in military attire are sometimes represented in Buddhist friezes in the art of [[Gandhara]] (particularly in the [[Buner reliefs]]). They are depicted in ample tunics with trousers, and have heavy straight swords as weapons. They wear pointed hoods or the Scythian cap (see [[Pointed hat]]), which distinguishes them from the Indo-Parthians who only wore a simple fillet over their bushy hair,<ref>Wilcox and McBride (1986), p. 12.</ref> and which is also systematically worn by Indo-Scythian rulers on their coins. With the right hand, some of them are forming the [[Mudra|Karana mudra]] against evil spirits. In Gandhara, such friezes were used as decorations on the pedestals of Buddhist [[stupas]]. They are contemporary with other friezes representing people in purely Greek attire, hinting at an intermixing of Indo-Scythians (holding military power) and Indo-Greeks (confined, under Indo-Scythian rule, to civilian life).<br />
<br />
Another relief is known where the same type of soldiers are playing musical instruments and dancing, activities which are widely represented elsewhere in Gandharan art: Indo-Scythians are typically shown as reveling devotees.<br />
<br />
<gallery mode="packed"><br />
File:Buner reliefs Scythian bacchanalian cropped.jpg|One of the [[Buner reliefs]] showing Scythian soldiers dancing. [[Cleveland Museum of Art]].<br />
File:IndoScythiansDyonisos.jpg|Indo-Scythians pushing along the Greek god [[Dionysos]] with [[Ariadne]].<ref>Photographic reference [http://kunst.zeit.de/uploads/pics/WK_09_06_L__we_400.jpg here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310211016/http://kunst.zeit.de/uploads/pics/WK_09_06_L__we_400.jpg }}.</ref><br />
File:SoldiersBattllingAnimals2.jpg|Hunting scene.<br />
File:SoldiersBattllingAnimals5.jpg|Hunting scene.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== Stone palettes ===<br />
{{Main|Stone palette}}<br />
[[File:MET 1987 142 111.jpeg|thumb|Gandhara [[stone palette]] with Scythians playing music.]]<br />
Numerous [[stone palette]]s found in Gandhara are considered good representatives of Indo-Scythian art. These palettes combine Greek and Iranian influences, and are often realized in a simple, archaic style. Stone palettes have only been found in archaeological layers corresponding to Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian rule, and are essentially unknown in the preceding [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] layers or the succeeding [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] layers.<ref>"Let us remind that in [[Sirkap]], stone palettes were found at all excavated levels. On the contrary, neither Bhir-Mound, the [[Maurya]] city preceding Sirkap on the [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]] site, nor Sirsukh, the [[Kushan]] city succeeding her, did deliver any stone palettes during their excavations", in "Les palettes du Gandhara", p89. "The terminal point after which such palettes are not manufactured anymore is probably located during the Kushan period. In effect, neither [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] nor Taxila (although the Sirsukh had only been little excavated), nor [[Begram]], nor [[Surkh Kotal]], neither the great Kushan archaeological sites of Soviet [[Central Asia]] or [[Afghanistan]] have yielded such objects. Only four palettes have been found in Kushan-period archaeological sites. They come from secondary sites, such as Garav Kala and Ajvadz in Soviet Tajikistan and Jhukar, in the Indus Valley, and Dalverzin Tepe. They are rather roughly made." In "Les Palettes du Gandhara", Henri-Paul Francfort, p 91. (in French in the original)</ref><br />
<br />
Very often these palettes represent people in Greek dress in mythological scenes, a few in Parthian dress (head-bands over bushy hair, crossed-over jacket on a bare chest, jewelry, belt, baggy trousers), and even fewer in Indo-Scythian dress (Phrygian hat, tunic and comparatively straight trousers). A palette found in [[Sirkap]] and now in the [[New Delhi Museum]] shows a winged Indo-Scythian horseman riding winged [[deer]], and being attacked by a lion.<br />
<br />
== The Indo-Scythians and Buddhism ==<br />
The Indo-Scythians seem to have been followers of Buddhism, and many of their practices apparently continued those of the Indo-Greeks.<br />
<br />
===Royal dedications===<br />
[[Image:BajaurCasket.jpg|thumb|The [[Bajaur casket]] was dedicated by [[Indravarman]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref>[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] notice [http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38111]</ref>]]<br />
Several Indo-Scythian kings after [[Azes]] are known for making Buddhist dedications in their name, on plaques or reliquaries: <br />
* [[Patika Kusulaka]] (25 BCE – 10 CE) related his donation of a relic of the [[Buddha Shakyamuni]] to a Buddhist monastery, in the [[Taxila copper plate]]. <br />
* [[Kharahostes]] (10 BCE – 10 CE) is mentioned on the Buddhist [[Mathura lion capital]] and on a reliquary.<ref>Ahmad Hasan Dani et al., ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', 1999, p 201, Unesco</ref><ref>Richard Salomon, "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman", ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', Vol. 116, No. 3 (July - September 1996), pp. 418-452</ref> His coins were also found in the [[Bimaran casket]], a beautiful Buddhist gold reliquary with an early image of the Buddha, now in the [[British Museum]]. Some of his coins bear the Buddhist [[triratna]] symbol.<br />
* [[Vijayamitra]] (ruled 12 BCE - 15 CE) personally dedicated in his name a Buddhist reliquary.<ref>"Afghanistan, carrefour en l'Est et l'Ouest" p.373. Also Senior 2003</ref><ref>Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides, Rika Gyselen, Peeters Publishers, 2007, p.103 [https://books.google.com/books?id=_TIU_jp93xUC&pg=PA103]</ref> Some of his coins bear the Buddhist [[triratna]] symbol.<br />
*[[Indravarman]], while still a Prince, personally dedicated in 5-6 CE a Buddhist reliquary, the [[Bajaur casket]], now in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. <br />
*[[Zeionises]] and [[Aspavarma]] also used the Buddhist [[triratna]] symbol on their coins. <br />
*[[Rajuvula]] erected the [[Mathura lion capital]], which incorporates Buddhist symbols and relates the donations by his wife of relics to a stupa.<br />
<br />
=== Butkara Stupa ===<br />
[[File:Indo-GreekStupaIII.jpg|left|thumb|[[Buddhist]] [[stupa]]s during the late [[Indo-Greek]]/Indo-Scythian period were highly decorated structures with columns, flights of stairs, and decorative [[Acanthus (ornament)|Acanthus leaf]] [[friezes]]. [[Butkara stupa]], [[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]], 1st century BCE.<ref>Source:"Butkara I", Faccena</ref>]]<br />
[[File:Kushan, Brahma, Indra, Indian.JPG|thumb|Possible Scythian devotee couple (extreme left and right, often described as "Scytho-Parthian"),<ref>"Gandhara" Francine Tissot</ref> around the Buddha, [[Brahma]] and [[Indra]].]]<br />
Excavations at the [[Butkara Stupa]] in [[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]] by an Italian archaeological team have yielded various Buddhist sculptures thought to belong to the Indo-Scythian period. In particular, an [[Indo-Corinthian capital]] representing a Buddhist devotee within foliage has been found which had a reliquary and coins of [[Azes]] buried at its base, securely dating the sculpture to around 20 BCE.<ref>The Turin City Museum of Ancient Art [http://www.palazzomadamatorino.it/nuovo3/mostre/index.php?lang=2 Text and photographic reference: Terre Lontane O2] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212064946/http://www.palazzomadamatorino.it/nuovo3/mostre/index.php?lang=2 }}</ref> A contemporary pilaster with the image of a Buddhist devotee in Greek dress has also been found at the same spot, again suggesting a mingling of the two populations.<ref>For the pilaster showing a man in Greek dress [[:File:ButkaraPilaster.jpg]].</ref> Various reliefs at the same location show Indo-Scythians with their characteristic tunics and pointed hoods within a Buddhist context, and side-by-side with reliefs of standing Buddhas.<ref>Facenna, "Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I", plate CCCLXXI. The relief is [[:File:ButkaraDoorJamb.jpg|this one]], showing Indo-Scythians dancing and reveling, with on the back side a relief of a standing Buddha (not shown).</ref><br />
<br />
=== Gandharan sculptures ===<br />
Other reliefs have been found, which show Indo-Scythian men with their characteristic pointed cap pushing a cart on which is reclining the Greek god [[Dionysos]] with his consort [[Ariadne]].{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
=== Mathura lion capital ===<br />
The [[Mathura lion capital]], which associates many of the Indo-Scythian rulers from [[Maues]] to [[Rajuvula]], mentions a dedication of a relic of the Buddha in a [[stupa]]. It also bears centrally the Buddhist symbol of the [[triratana]], and is also filled with mentions of the [[bhagavat]] Buddha [[Sakyamuni]], and characteristically Buddhist phrases such as:<br />
<br />
:''"sarvabudhana puya dhamasa puya saghasa puya"''<br />
:"Revere all the Buddhas, revere the [[dharma]], revere the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|sangha]]"<br />
:([[Mathura lion capital]], inscription O1/O2)<br />
<br />
<gallery class="center" widths="200"><br />
File:PilarImage4.jpg|[[Indo-Corinthian capital]] from [[Butkara Stupa]], dated to 20 BC, during the reign of [[Azes II]]. [[Turin City Museum of Ancient Art]].<br />
File:DancingIndoScythians.jpg|Dancing Indo-Scythians (top) and hunting scene (bottom). Buddhist relief from Swat, Gandhara.<br />
File:ButkaraDoorJamb.jpg|Butkara doorjamb, with Indo-Scythians dancing and reveling. On the back side is a relief of a standing Buddha<ref>Faccenna, "Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I", plate CCCLXXII</ref><br />
File:Loriya Tangai Buddha.jpg|Statue with inscription mentioning "year 318", probably 143 AD.<ref name = "PC">[http://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/PublicFiles/media/Final%20e-version%20Problems%20of%20Chronology%20in%20Gandharan%20Art.pdf Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art pp.35-51, 2017]</ref> The two devotees on the right side of the pedestal are in [[Indo-Scythian]] suit (loose trousers, tunic, and hood).<ref>[https://archive.org/details/lartgrcobouddh02foucuoft Greco-Buddhist Art of Gandhara p.491]</ref><br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Indo-Scythians in Indian literature ==<br />
{{Main|Indo-Scythians in Indian literature}}<br />
[[File:EpicIndia.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Saka Kingdom alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or [[Bharata Khanda]].]]<br />
<br />
The Indo-Scythians were named "Shaka" in India, an extension on the name [[Saka]] used by the Persians to designate Scythians. Shakas receive numerous mentions in texts like the [[Puranas|Purāṇas]], the [[Manusmriti|Manusmṛti]], the [[Ramayana|Rāmāyaṇa]], the [[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]], the [[Mahabhashya|Mahābhāṣya]] of [[Patañjali]], the {{ILL|Brhasaṃhitā|fr}} by [[Varāhamihira]], the Kāvyamīmāṃsā, the Bṛhatkathāmañjarīi, the [[Kathasaritsagara|Kathāsaritsāgara]] and several other old texts. They are described as part of an group of other war-like tribes from the northwest.<br />
<br />
There are important references to the warring ''[[Mleccha]]'' [[Orda (organization)|horde]]s of the [[Saka]]s, [[Yavana]]s, Kambojas and [[Pahlava]]s in the ''[[Balakanda]]'' of the [[Valmiki]] [[Ramayana]]. [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |H. C. Raychadhury]] glimpsed in these verses the struggles between the Hindus and the invading hordes of Mlechcha [[barbarian]]s from the northwest. The time frame for these struggles is the 2nd century BCE onwards. Raychadhury fixes the date of the present version of the [[Valmiki]] [[Ramayana]] around or after the 2nd century CE.<ref>''Political History of Ancient India'', 1996, pp 3–4.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Mahabharata]] too furnishes a veiled hint about the invasion of the mixed hordes from the northwest. ''Vanaparava'' by Mahabharata contains verses in the form of prophecy deploring that "......the Mlechha ([[barbaric]]) kings of the [[Saka|Shakas]], [[Yavana]]s, [[Kambojas]], [[Bahlikas]], etc. shall rule the earth un-righteously in ''[[Kali Yuga]]''..."<ref><br />
: viparite tada loke purvarupa.n kshayasya tat || 34 ||<br />
: bahavo mechchha rajanah prithivyam manujadhipa |<br />
: mithyanushasinah papa mrishavadaparayanah || 35 ||<br />
: Andhrah Shakah Pulindashcha '''Yavanashcha naradhipah |'''<br />
: Kamboja Bahlikah Shudrastath [[Abhira tribe|abhira]] narottama''' || 36 ||'''<br />
: — ''(MBH 3.188.34–36)''.</ref><br />
<br />
As with many traditional epics, the two Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, which comprise the [[Itihasa]], have gone through multiple interpolations and redactions since its conception, rendering it impossible to accurately date. It is highly likely that these additions were made with changing political factors and the introduction of new people into society.<br />
<br />
== Indo-Scythians in Greco-Roman Sources ==<br />
{{Unreferenced section}} <br />
[[File:TabulaPeutingerianaIndo-Scythia.jpg|thumb|"Scythia" appears around the mouth of the river [[Indus]] in the Roman period [[Tabula Peutingeriana]].]]<br />
The country of Scythia in the area of now [[Pakistan]], and especially around the mouth of the Indus with its capital at [[Minnagara]] (modern day [[Karachi]]) is mentioned extensively in Western maps and travel descriptions of the period. The [[Ptolemy world map]] and [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] mention prominently the country of Scythia in the [[Indus Valley]], as well as Roman [[Tabula Peutingeriana]]. The Periplus states that [[Minnagara]] was the capital of Scythia, and that Parthian princes from within it were fighting for its control during the 1st century CE. It also distinguishes Scythia from [[Ariaca]] further east, (centred in [[Gujarat]] and [[Malwa]]), over which ruled the [[Western Satrap]] king [[Nahapana]].<br />
<br />
== Sai-Wang Scythian hordes of Chipin or Kipin ==<br />
[[File:Coin of the Indian-Scythian king Azes I.jpg|thumb|Coin of Azes, with king seated, holding a drawn sword and a whip.]]<br />
A section of the [[Central Asia]]n [[Scythian]]s (under Sai-Wang) is said to have taken a southerly direction and after passing through the [[Pamir Mountains|Pamirs]] entered the Chipin or Kipin after crossing the Xuandu (懸度 ''Hanging Pass'') located above the valley of Kanda in [[State of Swat|Swat]] country.<ref>Serindia, Vol I, 1980 Edition, p 8, M. A. Stein</ref> Chipin has been identified by Pelliot, Bagchi, Raychaudhury and some others with [[Kashmir]]<ref>H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. CristhianAndrews; Early History of North India, p 3, S. Chattopadhyava; India and Central Asia, p 126, [[P. C. Bagchi]]</ref> while other scholars identify it with Kapisha ([[Kafirstan]]).<ref>''Epigraphia Indiaca'' XIV, p 291 S Konow; ''Greeks in Bactria and India'', p 473, fn, W. W. Tarn; Yuan Chwang I, pp 259–60, Watters; ''Comprehensive History of India'', Vol I, p 189, N. K. Sastri; ''History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity'', 122; ''History and Culture of Indian People, Classical Age'', p 617, [[R. C. Majumdar]], A. D. Pusalkar.</ref><ref>Scholars like E. J. Rapson, L. Petech etc. also connect Kipin with Kapisha. Levi holds that prior to AD 600, Kipin denoted Kashmir, but after this it implied Kapisha See Discussion in The Classical Age, p 671.</ref> The Sai-Wang had established his [[monarchy|kingdom]] in Kipin. S. Konow interprets the Sai-Wang as [[Samudragupta#Relations with other rulers|Śaka Murunda]] of Indian literature, Murunda being equal to Wang i.e. king, master or lord,<ref>Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, II. 1. XX f; cf: ''Early History of North India'', pp 54, S Chattopadhyaya.</ref> but Bagchi who takes the word Wang in the sense of the king of the Scythians but he distinguishes the Sai Sakas from the Murunda Sakas.<ref>''India and Central Asia'', 1955, p 124, P. C. Bagchi; ''Geographical Data in Early Puranas'', 1972, p 47, M. R. Singh.</ref> There are reasons to believe that Sai Scythians were Kamboja Scythians and therefore ''Sai-Wang'' belonged to the ''Scythianised Kambojas'' (i.e. [[Parama-Kambojas]]) of the [[Transoxiana]] region and came back to settle among his own stock after being evicted from his ancestral land located in ''Scythia'' or ''Shakadvipa''. King [[Maues|Moga]] or [[Maues]] could have belonged to this group of Scythians who had migrated from the ''Sai'' country (''Central Asia'') to Chipin.<ref>See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p fn 13, B. N. Mukerjee; Chilas, Islamabad, 1983, no 72, 78, 85, pp 98, 102, A. H. Dani</ref><br />
<br />
== Evidence about joint invasions ==<br />
[[File:Nagarjunakonda Scythian soldier Palace site.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|"Scythian" soldier, [[Nagarjunakonda]].<ref name=CS>"In Nagarjunakonda Scythian influence is noticed and the cap and coat of a soldier on a pillar may be cited as an example.", in {{cite book |last1=Sivaramamurti |first1=C. |title=Indian Sculpture |publisher=Allied Publishers |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL81AAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref name=AR>"A Scythian dvarapala standing wearing his typical draperies, boots and head dress. Distinct ethnic and sartorial characteristics are noreworthy.", in {{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Amita |title=Life and Art of Early Andhradesa |publisher=Agam |page=249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQXqAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>]]<br />
<br />
The [[Scythian]] groups that invaded India and set up various kingdoms included, besides the [[Sakas]], other allied tribes, such as the [[Medii]], [[Xanthii]], and [[Massagetae]]. These peoples were all absorbed into the [[community]] of [[Kshatriya]]s of mainstream Indian society.<ref>''History and Culture of Indian People, The Vedic Age'', pp 286–87, 313–14.</ref><br />
<br />
The Shakas were formerly a people of the ''trans-Hemodos'' region—the ''Shakadvipa'' of the [[Purana]]s or the [[Scythia]] of the classical writings. [[Isidore of Charax]] (beginning of 1st century CE) attests them in Sakastana (modern Seistan). The ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (c. CE 70–80) also attests a Scythian district in lower Indus with Minnagra as its capital. Ptolemy (c. CE 140) also attests to an Indo-Scythia in south-western India which comprised the Patalene and Surastrene (Saurashtra) territories.<br />
<br />
The 2nd century BCE Scythian invasion of India, was in all probability carried out jointly by the [[Sakas]], [[Pahlavas]], Kambojas, [[Paradas]], [[Rishikas]] and other allied tribes from the northwest.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UmMnh1XKJjQC Intercourse Between India and the Western World], pp 75–93, H. G. Rawlinson</ref><br />
<br />
== Main Indo-Scythian tribes and rulers ==<br />
<br />
=== [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], Eastern Afghanistan, Eastern [[Pakistan]], and [[Kashmir]] ===<br />
* [[Maues]], c. 85–60 BCE<br />
* [[Vonones of Indo-Scythia|Vonones]], c. 75–65 BCE<br />
* [[Spalahores]], c. 75–65 BCE, [[satrap]] and brother of King Vonones, and probably the later King Spalirises.<br />
* [[Spalagadames]], c. 60–57 BCE,satrap, and son of Spalahores..<br />
* [[Spalirises]] c. 50 BCE, king and brother of King Vonones.<br />
* [[Azes I]] was also descended from Maues, c. 48/47 – 25 BCE<br />
* [[Azilises]], c. 60–20 BCE<br />
* [[Zeionises]], c. 10 BCE&nbsp;– CE 10<br />
* [[Kharahostes]], c. 10 BCE&nbsp;– CE 10<br />
* [[Hajatria]]<br />
<br />
=== Kshaharatas (Punjab, Pakistan and beyond) ===<br />
<br />
* [[Liaka Kusuluka]], satrap of [[Chuksa]]<br />
* [[Kusulaka Patika]], satrap of [[Chuksa]] and son of Liaka Kusulaka<br />
* [[Bhumaka]]<br />
* [[Nahapana]] (founder of the [[Western Satraps]])<br />
<br />
=== Aprācas ([[Bajaur]], [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]]) ===<br />
{{Main|Apraca}}<br />
* [[Vijayamitra]] (12 BCE - CE 15), wife Rukhana<br />
* [[Indravasu]] (c. CE 20), wife Vasumitra<br />
* [[Vispavarman]], wife Śiśirena<br />
* [[Indravarman]], wife Uttara<br />
* [[Aspavarman|Aspa]] (CE 15–45) <ref>e.g.: ''Aspa.bhrata.putrasa''. See: An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Jounranal of the American Oriental Society, Vol 116, No 3, 1996, p 448, Richard Saloman.</ref> or [[Aspavarma]] (CE 15 - 45)<br />
* [[Sasan (Apraca)|Sasan]]<ref>An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Jounranal of the American Oriental Society, Vol 116, No 3, 1996, p 448, Richard Saloman.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Pāratas<ref>[http://people.bu.edu/ptandon/Paratarajas2.pdf] Further Light on the Paratarajas</ref> ([[Balochistan]], [[Pakistan]]) ===<br />
{{anchor|Paratarajas}}<br />
{{Main|Paratarajas}}<br />
[[File:Coin of Parataraja Bhimarjuna.jpg|thumb|[[Drachm]] of [[Parataraja]] Bhimarjuna.<br /><br />
'''Obv:''' Robed bust of Bhimarjuna left, wearing [[tiara]]-shaped [[diadem]].<br /><br />
'''Rev:''' [[Swastika]] with legend surrounding.<br /><br />
1.70g. Senior (Indo-Scythian) 286.1 (Bhimajhuna)]]<br />
* {{ILL|Yolamira|ru|Йоламира}}, son of Bagareva ({{Circa|125}}–150)<br />
* {{ILL|Bagamira|ru}}, son of Yolamira ({{Circa|150}})<br />
* Arjuna, a second son of Yolamira ({{Circa|150}}–160)<br />
* {{ILL|Hvaramira|ru|Хварамира}}, a third son of Yolamira ({{Circa|160}}–175)<br />
* {{ILL|Mirahvara|ru|Мирахвара}}, son of Hvaramira ({{Circa|175}}–185)<br />
* Miratakhma, another son of Hvaramira ({{Circa|185}}–200)<br />
* Kozana, son of Bagavharna (and perhaps grandson of Bagamira?) ({{Circa|200}}–220)<br />
* Bhimarjuna, son of Yolatakhma (and perhaps grandson of Arjuna?) ({{Circa|220}}–235)<br />
* Koziya, son of Kozana ({{Circa|235}}–265)<br />
* Datarvharna, son of Datayola I (possible grandson of Bhimarjuna) ({{Circa|265}}–280)<br />
* Datayola II, son of Datarvharna ({{Circa|280}}–300)<br />
<br />
=== "Northern Satraps" (Mathura area) ===<br />
{{main|Northern Satraps}}<br />
* [[Hagamasha]] (satrap, 1st century BCE)<br />
* [[Hagana (Satrap)|Hagana]] (satrap, 1st century BCE)<br />
* [[Rajuvula]], {{Circa|CE 10}} (Great Satrap)<br />
* [[Sodasa]], son of Rajuvula<br />
* "Great Satrap" [[Kharapallana]] (c. CE 130)<br />
* "Satrap" [[Vanaspara]] (c. CE 130)<br />
<br />
=== Minor local rulers ===<br />
* [[Bhadayasa]]<br />
* Mamvadi<br />
* Arsakes (Indo-Scythian)<br />
<br />
=== Western Satraps ===<br />
{{Main|Western Satraps}}<br />
* [[Nahapana]] (119–124)<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Nahapana.jpg|50px]] --><br />
* [[Chastana]] ({{Circa|120}}), son of Ghsamotika<br />
[[File:ChastanaCoin.jpg|50px]]<br />
* [[Jayadaman]], son of Chastana<br />
* [[Rudradaman I]] (c. 130–150), son of Jayadaman [[File:Coin of Rudradaman.jpg|50px]]<br />
* [[Damajadasri I]] (170–175)<br />
* [[Jivadaman]] (175 died 199)<br />
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (175–188 died 197)<br />
* Isvaradatta (188–191)<br />
* [[Rudrasimha I]] (restored) (191–197)<br />
* [[Jivadaman]] (restored) (197–199)<br />
* [[Rudrasena I (Saka king)|Rudrasena I]] (200–222) [[File:Coin of Rudrasena.jpg|50px]]<br />
* Samghadaman (222–223)<br />
* [[Damasena]] (223–232)<br />
* Damajadasri II (232–239) with<br />
* Viradaman (234–238)<br />
* Yasodaman I (239)<br />
* [[Vijayasena]] (239–250)<br />
* [[Damajadasri III]] (251–255)<br />
* [[Rudrasena II]] (255–277)<br />
* Visvasimha (277–282)<br />
* [[Bhratadarman]] (282–295) [[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|50px]] with<br />
* [[Visvasena]] (293–304)<br />
* [[Rudrasimha II]], son of Lord (Svami) [[Jivadaman]] (304–348) with<br />
* [[Yasodaman II]] (317–332)<br />
* Rudradaman II (332–348)<br />
* Rudrasena III (348–380)<br />
* Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380– ?)<br />
* Rudrasena IV (382–388)<br />
* [[Rudrasimha III]] (388–395) [[File:Coin of Rudrasimha III.jpg|50px]]<br />
<br />
== Descendants of the Indo-Scythians ==<br />
<br />
[[Tadeusz Sulimirski]] notes that the [[Sacae]] also invaded parts of northern India.<ref name="Sulimirski 1970 113–114">{{cite book |title=The Sarmatians |volume=73 of Ancient peoples and places |pages=113–114 |last=Sulimirski |first=Tadeusz |author-link=Tadeusz Sulimirski |publisher=Praeger |location=New York |year=1970 |isbn=9789080057272 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdjhuAAACAAJ |quote=The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India.}}</ref> [[Weer Rajendra Rishi]], an Indian linguist<ref>[http://rishi.anantdutta.in/obituary.html Indian Institute of Romani Studies] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130108051317/http://rishi.anantdutta.in/obituary.html }}</ref> has identified linguistic affinities between Indian and Central Asian languages, which further lends credence to the possibility of historical Sacae influence in northern India.<ref name="Sulimirski 1970 113–114"/><ref>{{cite book |title= India & Russia: linguistic & cultural affinity |page=95 | last=Rishi |first=Weer Rajendra |author-link=Weer Rajendra Rishi |publisher=Roma |year=1982 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vns_AAAAMAAJ&q=Getae}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}<br />
*[[Ancient India and Central Asia]]<br />
*[[Tillya Tepe]]<br />
*[[Han–Xiongnu War]]<br />
<br />
== Notes==<br />
{{reflist|32em}}<br />
<br />
== References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* [[Harold Walter Bailey|Bailey, H. W.]] 1958. "Languages of the Saka." ''Handbuch der Orientalistik'', I. Abt., 4. Bd., I. Absch., Leiden-Köln. 1958.<br />
*Faccenna D., "Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I", Istituto Poligrafico Dello Stato, Libreria Dello Stato, Rome, 1964.<br />
* [[János Harmatta|Harmatta, János]], ed., 1994. ''History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250''. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.<br />
* Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Peoples of the West from the Weilue'' 魏略 ''by Yu Huan'' 魚豢'': A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between AD 239 and 265.'' Draft annotated English translation. [http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html]<br />
*Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries AD''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4392-2134-1}}.<br />
*Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. ''China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC&nbsp;– AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty''. E. J. Brill, Leiden.<br />
* Huet, Gerard (2010) ''"Heritage du Sanskrit Dictionnaire, Sanskrit-Francais,"'' p.&nbsp;128. [http://sanskrit.inria.fr/Dico.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227183848/http://sanskrit.inria.fr/Dico.pdf }}<br />
* Litvinsky, B. A., ed., 1996. ''History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750''. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.<br />
* Liu, Xinru 2001 "Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies." ''[[Journal of World History]]'', Volume 12, No. 2, Fall 2001. University of Hawaii Press, pp 261–292. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/].<br />
* ''Bulletin of the Asia Institute: The Archaeology and Art of Central Asia''. Studies From the Former Soviet Union. New Series. Edited by B. A. Litvinskii and Carol Altman Bromberg. Translation directed by Mary Fleming Zirin. Vol. 8, (1994), pp 37–46.<br />
* Millward, James A. (2007). ''Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang''. Columbia University Press, New York. {{ISBN|978-0-231-13924-3}}.<br />
* Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1970. "The Wu-sun and Sakas and the Yüeh-chih Migration." ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33'' (1970), pp 154–160.<br />
* [[Ptolemy]] (1932). ''The Geography''. Translated and edited by Edward Luther Stevenson. 1991 unabridged reproduction. Dover Publications, Mineola, N. Y. {{ISBN|0-486-26896-9}} (pbk)<br />
* Puri, B. N. 1994. "The Sakas and Indo-Parthians." In: ''History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250''. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp 191–207.<br />
* Ronca, Italo (1971). ''Ptolemaios Geographie 6,9–21. Ostrian und Zentralasien, Teil I''. IsMEO&nbsp;— ROM.<br />
* Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. ''Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition).'' Translated from the ''[[Shiji|Shih chi]]'' of [[Sima Qian|Ssu-ma Ch'ien]]. Chapter 123: The Account of [[Ta-Yuan|Ta-yüan]]. Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|0-231-08167-7}}<br />
*Wilcox, Peter and Angus McBride (1986). ''Rome's Enemies (3): Parthians and Sassanid Persians (Men-at-Arms).'' Osprey Publishing; illustrated edition. {{ISBN|978-0-85045-688-2}}.<br />
* Yu, Taishan. 1998. ''A Study of Saka History''. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 80. July 1998. Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
* Yu, Taishan. 2000. ''A Hypothesis about the Source of the Sai Tribes''. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 106. September 2000. Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania.<br />
* ''Political History of Ancient India'', 1996, H. C. Raychaudhury<br />
* ''Hindu Polity, A Constitutional history of India in Hindu Times'', 1978, K. P. Jayswal<br />
* ''Geographical Data in Early Puranas'', 1972, M. R. Singh<br />
* ''India and Central Asia'', 1955, [[P. C. Bagchi]].<br />
* ''Geography of Puranas'', 1973, S. M. Ali<br />
* ''Greeks in Bactria and India'', W. W. Tarn<br />
* ''Early History of North India'', S. Chattopadhyava<br />
* ''Sakas in Ancient India'', S. Chattopadhyava<br />
* ''Development of Kharoshthi script'', C. C. Dasgupta<br />
* ''Ancient India'', 1956, R. K. Mukerjee<br />
* ''Ancient India'', Vol III, T. L. Shah<br />
* ''Hellenism in Ancient India'', G. N. Banerjee<br />
* ''Manu and Yajnavalkya'', K. P. Jayswal<br />
* Anabaseeos Alexanddrou, Arrian<br />
* Mathura lion capital inscriptions<br />
* ''Corpus Inscriptionium Indicarum'', Vol II, Part I, S. Konow<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071015203904/http://iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp8/ot_indoscyth_20050802.html "Indo-Scythian dynasties", R. C. Senior]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040809235721/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/indoscythian/indoscythian.html Coins of the Indo-Scythians]<br />
<br />
{{Indo-Scythians}}<br />
{{Middle kingdoms of India}}<br />
{{Ancient India and Central Asia}}<br />
{{Scythia}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indo-Scythian peoples| ]]<br />
[[Category:Historical Iranian peoples]]<br />
[[Category:Iranian nomads]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient history of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient history of Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:Foreign relations of ancient India]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Iron Age peoples of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]<br />
[[Category:200s BC establishments]]<br />
[[Category:States and territories established in the 2nd century BC]]<br />
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 5th century]]<br />
[[Category:400 disestablishments]]</div>LucknowHealthRunhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation&diff=388464Shanghai Cooperation Organisation2023-01-05T18:35:34Z<p>LucknowHealthRun: Created an influential manuscript.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Eurasian multilateral security organization}}<br />
{{EngvarB}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation<br />
| native name = {{lang-zh|s=上海合作组织}}<br />{{lang-ru|Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества}}<br />
| image = <br />
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| logo_size = <br />
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| map_caption = {{midsize|{{legend2|#15cd00|Members}} {{legend2|#1cf100|Observers}} {{legend2|#f0ff00|Dialogue partners}}}}<br />
| abbreviation = SCO<br />
| motto = <br />
| predecessor = Shanghai Five<br />
| formation = {{start date and age|2001|06|15|df=yes}}<br />
| extinction = <br />
| type = Mutual security, political, and economic cooperation<br />
| status = Regional cooperation forum<ref>{{cite web |author1=Lars Erslev Andersen |title=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=https://www.diis.dk/en/research/shanghai-cooperation-organisation#:~:text=The%20Shanghai%20Cooperation%20Organisation%20has%20been%20described%20in,forum%20for%20cooperation%20that%20includes%20security%20policy%20issues. |publisher=Danish Institute for International Studies |access-date=4 November 2022 |quote=However, it is not a defence alliance but rather a forum for cooperation that includes security policy issues.}}</ref><br />
| purpose = <br />
| headquarters = [[Beijing]], China (Secretariat)<br />[[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan (RATS Executive Committee)<br />
| location = <br />
| membership = <!-- IMPORTANT NOTE: On 17 September 2021, the SCO members have agreed to let Iran obtain membership, and Iran has initiated the process of becoming a member. Historically, this process took 2 years. Until Iran completes this process, it is still an observer state. See the official list of members at the SCO website: http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ --><br />
{{ubl<br />
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br />
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'''Observers'''<br />
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'''Dialogue partners'''<!-- IMPORTANT NOTE: On September 17th 2021, the SCO members have agreed to let Egypt, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia obtain the dialogue partner status. However, these countries are not de jure dialogue partners yet, as they haven't yet signed memorandums with the SCO Secretary General that would officially grant them this status. Historically, such memorandums were signed within 2.5 to 11 months from the SCO members' decision. Until these memorandums are signed, we shouldn't list these countries as dialogue partners. See the official list of dialogue partners at the SCO website: http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ --><br />
{{ubl<br />
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|{{flag|Egypt}}<br />
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|{{flag|Maldives}}<br />
|{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />
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| language = {{hlist|[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]|[[Russian language|Russian]]<ref name="about-sco" />}}<br />
| leader_title = Secretary-General<br />
| leader_name = [[Zhang Ming]]<br />
| leader_title2 = Deputy Secretaries-General<br />
| leader_name2 = {{unbulleted list|Grigory Logvinov|Sobirzoda Gulmakhmad|Sohail Khan|Shri Janesh Kain|[[Nurlan Yermekbayev]]}}<br />
| leader_title3 = RATS<br />Executive Committee Director<br />
| leader_name3 = Ruslan Mirzaev<br />
| main_organ = <br />
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<br />
The '''Shanghai Cooperation Organisation''' ('''SCO''') is a [[Eurasia]]n [[politics|political]], [[economy|economic]], [[international security]] and [[Defence (military)|defence]] organization. It is the world's largest [[regional organization]] in terms of [[geography|geographic scope]] and [[world population|population]], covering approximately 60% of the area of Eurasia, 40% of the world population. Its combined GDP is around 20% of global [[GDP]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran looks east after China-led bloc OKs entry |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210918-iran-looks-east-after-china-led-bloc-oks-entry |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=France 24}}</ref><br />
<br />
The SCO is the successor to the ''Shanghai Five'', formed in 1996 between the [[China|People's Republic of China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Russia]], and [[Tajikistan]].<ref name=":1" /> On 15 June 2001, the leaders of these nations and [[Uzbekistan]] met in [[Shanghai]] to announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation; the SCO Charter was signed on 7 July 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003. Its membership has since expanded to eight states, with [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] joining on 9 June 2017. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners.<br />
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The SCO is governed by the Heads of State Council (HSC), its supreme decision-making body, which meets once a year.<br />
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==Origins==<br />
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=== The Shanghai Five ===<br />
The Shanghai Five group was created on 26 April 1996 with the signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions in [[Shanghai]] by the heads of states of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Albert |first=Eleanor |title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032848/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |archive-date=16 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref><br />
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On 24 April 1997 the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction of Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in [[Moscow]], Russia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Al-Qahtani|first=Mutlaq|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Law of International Organizations|journal=Chinese Journal of International Law|year=2006|volume=5|issue=1|page=130|publisher=Oxford University Press|issn=1540-1650|doi=10.1093/chinesejil/jml012}}</ref> On 20 May 1997 Russian President [[Boris Yeltsin]] and Chinese President [[Jiang Zemin]] signed a declaration on a "multipolar world".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|title=Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the Establishment of a New International Order|website=United Nations General Assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623154322/http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Shanghai Five Leaders 2.jpg|thumb|Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], Kazakh President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], Chinese President [[Jiang Zemin]], Kyrgyz President [[Askar Akayev]], and Tajik President [[Emomali Rahmon]], at one time the leaders of the Shanghai Five.]]<br />
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Subsequent annual summits of the Shanghai Five group occurred in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan in 1998, in [[Bishkek]], Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and in [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan in 2000. At the Dushanbe summit, members agreed to "oppose intervention in other countries' internal affairs on the reason of 'humanitarianism' and 'protecting human rights;' and support the efforts of one another in safeguarding the five countries' national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and social stability."<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Gill |first=Bates |title=Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia? |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503173641/http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |archive-date=3 May 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Brookings}}</ref> The Shanghai Five structure helped speed up the members' resolution of border disputes, agree on military deployments in border areas, and address security threats.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Proń |first=Elżbieta |url= |title=China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace |publisher=[[Routledge]] |others=Mher Sahakyan |isbn=978-1-003-35258-7 |edition= |location=New York |chapter=China in Central Asia: New Developments in 2013-2021 |doi=10.4324/9781003352587-11 |oclc=1353290533}}</ref>{{Rp|page=95}}<br />
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=== Developing institutional forms ===<br />
From 2001 to 2008, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation developed rapidly, establishing a number of permanent bodies and ''ad hoc'' initiatives dealing with economic and security matters.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=95}}<br />
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In 2001, the annual summit returned to Shanghai and the group was institutionalized.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=95}} The five member nations first admitted Uzbekistan in the Shanghai Five mechanism.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=95}} Then all six heads of state signed on 15 June 2001 the ''Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation'', praising the role played thus far by the Shanghai Five mechanism and aiming to transform it to a higher level of cooperation.<ref name="about-sco" /><br />
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In June 2002, the heads of the SCO member states met in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia. There they signed the ''SCO Charter'' which expounded on the organisation's purposes, principles, structures and forms of operation, and established it in [[international law]].{{citation needed}}<br />
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In July 2005, at the summit in [[Astana]], Kazakhstan, with representatives of India, Iran, [[Mongolia]] and Pakistan attending an SCO summit for the first time, [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], the president of the Kazakhstan, greeted the guests in words that had never been used before in any context: "The leaders of the states sitting at this negotiation table are representatives of half of humanity".<ref>Kazinform, 5 July 2005.</ref><br />
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By 2007 the SCO had initiated over twenty large-scale projects related to transportation, energy and telecommunications and held regular meetings of security, military, defence, foreign affairs, economic, cultural, banking, and other officials from its member states.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Agostinis|first1=Giovanni|last2=Urdinez|first2=Francisco|title=The Nexus between Authoritarian and Environmental Regionalism: An Analysis of China's Driving Role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2021.1974887|journal=Problems of Post-Communism|volume=69 |issue=4–5 |pages=330–344|doi=10.1080/10758216.2021.1974887|s2cid=239486136|issn=1075-8216}}</ref><br />
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In July 2015 in [[Ufa]], Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. Both signed the memorandum of obligations in June 2016 in [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan, thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.<ref name=IndPakMemo>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1129533/india-pakistan-edge-closer-joining-sco-security-bloc/|title=India, Pakistan edge closer to joining SCO security bloc|access-date=2016-06-24|agency=Agence France-Presse|via=[[The Express Tribune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625124459/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1129533/india-pakistan-edge-closer-joining-sco-security-bloc/|archive-date=25 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 June 2017, at a summit in Astana, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacherjee |first=Kallol |title=India, Pakistan become full members of SCO |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-pakistan-become-full-members-of-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-sco/article62067467.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan's Membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) – Ministry of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.pk/pakistans-membership-of-the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-sco/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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The SCO has established relations with the [[United Nations]] in 2004 (where it is an observer in the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]]), [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] in 2005, [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) in 2005, the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]] in 2007, the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]] in 2007, the [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] in 2011, the [[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia]] (CICA) in 2014, and the [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/cooperation/|title=External communication|publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|access-date=2017-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605174306/http://eng.sectsco.org/cooperation/|archive-date=5 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> SCO [[Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure]] (RATS) has established relations with the [[African Union]]'s African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT) in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofislamabad.com/12-Dec-2018/au-sco-anti-terror-organs-sign-cooperation-deal-on-fighting-terrorism|title=AU, SCO anti-terror organs sign cooperation deal on fighting terrorism|work=Times of Islamabad|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><br />
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== Organisational structure ==<br />
[[File:Structure of the SCO.png|center|550px]]<br />
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The Council of Heads of State is the top decision-making body in the SCO. This council meets at the SCO summits, which are held each year in one of the member states' capital cities. Because of their government structure, the prime ministers of the parliamentary democracies of India and Pakistan attend the SCO Council of Heads of State summits, as their responsibilities are similar to the presidents of other SCO nations.<ref name="thehindu28nov20">{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasani |title=India to host SCO Heads of Government meet; Modi, Imran to skip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/six-pms-to-attend-sco-heads-of-government-summit-hosted-by-india/article33201037.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. |access-date=15 June 2021 }}</ref> The current Council of Heads of State consists of:{{citation needed}}<br />
* [[Xi Jinping]] (China)<br />
* [[Narendra Modi]] (India)<br />
* [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] (Kazakhstan)<br />
* [[Sadyr Japarov]] (Kyrgyzstan)<br />
* [[Shehbaz Sharif]] (Pakistan)<br />
* [[Vladimir Putin]] (Russia)<br />
* [[Emomali Rahmon]] (Tajikistan)<br />
* [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] (Uzbekistan)<br />
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The Council of Heads of Government is the second-highest council in the organisation. This council also holds annual summits, at which time members discuss issues of multilateral cooperation. The council also approves the organisation's budget. The current Council of Heads of Government consists of:{{citation needed}}<br />
* [[Li Qiang]] (China)<br />
* [[Narendra Modi]] (India) (usually sends a deputy, such as [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|EAM]] [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]] at the 2021 summit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/eam-s-jaishankar-to-represent-india-at-sco-heads-of-govt-meeting-121112401424_1.html | title=EAM S Jaishankar to represent India at SCO heads of govt meeting | date=25 November 2021 }}</ref><br />
* [[Alihan Smaiylov]] (Kazakhstan)<br />
* [[Akylbek Japarov]] (Kyrgyzstan)<br />
* [[Shehbaz Sharif]] (Pakistan) (usually sends a deputy, such as Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs [[Andleeb Abbas]] at the 2020 summit)<ref name="thehindu28nov20" /><br />
* [[Mikhail Mishustin]] (Russia)<br />
* [[Kokhir Rasulzoda|Qohir Rasulzoda]] (Tajikistan)<br />
* [[Abdulla Aripov]] (Uzbekistan)<br />
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The Council of Foreign Ministers also holds regular meetings, where they discuss the current international situation and the SCO's interaction with other international organisations.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2007/e_22.html | title = Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers from Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | publisher = Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia | location = Kuala Lumpur | date = 9 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120208154821/http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2007/e_22.html | archive-date = 8 February 2012}}</ref><br />
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The Council of National Coordinators coordinates the multilateral cooperation of member states within the framework of the SCO's charter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |title=The First SCO Council of National Coordinators Meeting Chaired by Tajikistan |url=https://mfa.tj/en/islamabad/view/7076/the-first-sco-council-of-national-coordinators-meeting-chaired-by-tajikistan |website=mfa.tj |publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |access-date=15 June 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="margin-left:1em"<br />
|+ Directors of SCO RATS Executive Committee<br />
! Years in office !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-bottom-color:transparent" | {{nbsp}} || style="border-bottom-color:transparent" | {{nbsp}}<br />
|-<br />
| 15 June 2004 – 2006 || {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} Vyacheslav Kasymov<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-bottom-color:transparent" | {{nbsp}} || style="border-bottom-color:transparent" | {{nbsp}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2007–2009 || {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Myrzakan Subanov]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2012 || {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} {{interlanguage link|Dzhenisbek Dzhumanbekov|ru|Джуманбеков, Дженисбек Мухамедкаримович}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2015 || {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Xinfeng]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2018 || {{flagicon|Russia}} {{interlanguage link|Yevgeniy Sysoev|ru|Сысоев, Евгений Сергеевич}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2019–2021 || {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} Jumakhon Giyosov<br />
|-<br />
| 2022–present || {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} Ruslan Mirzaev<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="clear:none; margin-left:1em"<br />
|+ Heads of SCO Secretariat<br />
! Years in office !! Name<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | '''Executive Secretary'''<br />
|-<br />
| 15 January 2004 – 2006 || {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Deguang]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | '''Secretaries-General'''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007–2009 || {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Bolat Nurgaliyev]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2012 || {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Muratbek Imanaliyev]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2015 || {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Dmitry Mezentsev]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2018 || {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Rashid Alimov]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019–2021|| {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Vladimir Norov]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2022–present|| {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Ming]]<br />
|}<br />
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The Secretariat of the SCO, headquartered in [[Beijing]], China, is the primary executive body of the organisation. It serves to implement organisational decisions and decrees, drafts proposed documents (such as declarations and agendas), function as a document depository for the organisation, arranges specific activities within the SCO framework, and promotes and disseminates information about the SCO. The SCO Secretary-General is elected to a three-year term. Zhang Ming of China became the current Secretary-General on 1 January 2022.<br />
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The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) Executive Committee, headquartered in [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan, is a permanent organ of the SCO which serves to promote cooperation of member states against the [[three evils]] of [[terrorism]], [[separatism]] and [[extremism]]. The Director of SCO RATS Executive Committee is elected to a three-year term. Ruslan Mirzaev of Uzbekistan became the current Director on 1 January 2022. Each member state also sends a permanent representative to RATS.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sectsco.org/fk-03.html | title = Information on Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | publisher = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211154326/http://www.sectsco.org/fk-03.html | archive-date = 11 December 2008}}</ref><br />
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The official languages of the SCO are [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref name="about-sco"/><br />
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== Membership ==<br />
{{Main|Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation}}<br />
{{Horizontal timeline<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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|row8-2-to=2017.44<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
=== Member states ===<br />
[[File:Shanghai Cooperation Organization (Шанхайская организация сотрудничества - 上海合作组织).png|frameless|border|right|550px]]<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Country !! Accession started !! Member since<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|China}} || rowspan=6 | — || rowspan=6 | 15 June 2001{{efn|China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan were members of the Shanghai Five mechanism since 26 April 1996. Uzbekistan was included in the Shanghai Five mechanism on 14 June 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kremlin.ru/supplement/3404 |script-title=ru:Совместное заявление глав государств Республики Казахстан, Китайской Народной Республики, Кыргызской Республики, Российской Федерации, Республики Таджикистан, Республики Узбекистан |trans-title=Joint statement of heads of state of Republic of Kazakhstan, People's Republic of China, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Uzbekistan |date=14 June 2001 |website=President of Russia |language=Russian}}</ref> The six states then signed a declaration establishing the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation on 15 June 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/41570 |script-title=ru:Главы государств «Шанхайского форума» приняли Декларацию о создании нового объединения – Шанхайской организации сотрудничества |trans-title="Shanghai Forum" heads of state have adopted the Declaration on creation of a new association – the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |website=President of Russia |language=Russian}}</ref>}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Russia}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tajikistan}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|India}} || rowspan=2 | 10 June 2015 || rowspan=2 | 9 June 2017<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Pakistan}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=3 | '''Acceding members'''<br />
|-<br />
|{{flag|Iran}}<br />
|17 September 2021<br />
|4 July 2023<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thecradle.co/article-view/25525/iran-to-become-full-fledged-sco-member-in-july|title=Iran to become 'full-fledged' SCO member in July|publisher=The Cradle|access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{flag|Belarus}}<br />
|16 September 2022<br />
|TBA<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Observer states ===<br />
<br />
*{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}<ref name="AFGTUR" /><br />
Afghanistan received observer status at the 2012 SCO summit in Beijing, China on 7 June 2012.<ref name="AFGTUR" /> No country has yet provided diplomatic recognition to the [[Taliban]], and its representatives have not participated in SCO meetings so far.<ref name="Taliban">{{cite web |first=Eva |last=Seiwert |title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Will Not Fill Any Vacuum in Afghanistan |url=https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/09/the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-will-not-fill-any-vacuum-in-afghanistan/ |website=[[Foreign Policy Research Institute]] |access-date=24 July 2022 |quote=So far, the SCO has not officially recognized the Taliban regime and did not invite its representatives to the summit in Dushanbe in mid-September.}}</ref> The Afghanistan head of state first attended the 2004 SCO summit as a guest attendee.<br />
<br />
* {{flag|Belarus}}<ref name=BELARUSOBSR>{{cite news|url=http://eng.belta.by/all_news/politics/Belarus-gets-observer-status-in-Shanghai-Cooperation-Organization_i_83108.html |title=Belarus gets observer status in Shanghai Cooperation Organization |access-date=2015-08-08 |agency=[[Belarusian Telegraph Agency]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731103354/http://eng.belta.by/all_news/politics/Belarus-gets-observer-status-in-Shanghai-Cooperation-Organization_i_83108.html |archive-date=31 July 2015}}</ref><br />
In 2008, Belarus applied for partner status in the organisation and was promised Kazakhstan's support towards that goal.{{Citation needed}} However, Russian Defence Minister [[Sergei Ivanov]] voiced doubt on the probability of Belarus' membership, saying that Belarus was a purely European country.<ref name=bel>{{cite news | url = http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=527&id=670100 | title = The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation acquires military character | work = Kommersant | first1 = Konstantin | last1 = Lantratov | first2 = Bek | last2 = Orozaliev | first3 = Mikhail | last3 = Zygar | first4 = Ivan | last4 = Safronov | issue=75 |page=9 | date = 27 April 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127140639/http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=527&id=670100|archive-date=2016-11-27}}</ref> Despite this, at the 2009 SCO Summit in [[Yekaterinburg]] a decision was made to grant Belarus the dialogue partner status, which it officially received on 28 April 2010.{{citation needed}} After applying in 2012 for the observer status, Belarus received it in 2015.<ref name=BELARUSOBSR/> On 14 June 2022, Russia's Special Presidential Representative on SCO Affairs Bakhtiyor Khakimov confirmed that Belarus had applied for membership.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Belarus prepares bid to join SCO - Russian presidential envoy |work=Interfax |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/80179/ |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
* {{flag|Iran}}<br />
Iran has been an observer state since 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/19/iran-shanghai-cooperation-organisation |title=What Iran's membership of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation means |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> On 17 September 2021, the SCO launched the procedures of Iran's accession to the SCO, which are expected to take "a fair amount of time".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.cn/english/2021-09/18/c_1310196298.htm |title=News Analysis: Why is Iran keen on full SCO membership? |work=Xinhua}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/national/110317/iran-joins-sco |title=Iran Joins SCO |work=Financial Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A new step towards Iran joining the SCO as a member state |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/news/20220314/823003.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization}}</ref> On 15 September 2022, Iran signed a memorandum of obligations to join the SCO at the 2022 summit, and will join the organization subject to its parliament ratifying a number of agreements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran signs memorandum to join Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/15/iran-signs-memorandum-join-shanghai-cooperation-organisation |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran has joined Shanghai Cooperation Organization |url=https://akipress.com/news:679247:Iran_has_joined_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization/ |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=akipress.com}}</ref> On 27 November 2022, the Iranian parliament approved Iran's membership to the SCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran parliament passes SCO membership bill |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/479125/Iran-parliament-passes-SCO-membership-bill |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=杜娟 |title=Iranian parliament approves bill for Iran's accession to SCO |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202211/28/WS638418a2a31057c47eba164f.html |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><br />
<br />
* {{flag|Mongolia}}<br />
Mongolia became the first country to receive observer status at the 2004 Tashkent Summit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=70 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pakistan, India and Iran received observer status at the 2005 SCO summit in [[Astana]], Kazakhstan on 5 July 2005.<ref name=":0" /> India and Pakistan became full members of the Shanghai Cooperative Organization in 2017.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
=== Dialogue partners ===<br />
[[File:Hamid Karzai at SCO Summit.jpg|thumb|Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]] at an SCO summit in 2004.]]<br />
<br />
The status of dialogue partner was created in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=64 |title=Regulations on the Status of Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |publisher=The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |access-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214203708/http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=64 |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
! Country !! Status approved !! Status granted{{efn|A country officially becomes a SCO dialogue partner after its minister of foreign affairs and SCO Secretary-General sign a memorandum granting the status.}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 15 or 16 June 2009<ref name="defence.lk">{{cite news |url=http://defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20090618_05 |title=Sri Lanka gains partnership in SCO members welcome end to terror in country |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083026/http://defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20090618_05 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref name="IANS1">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/jun/02/sri_lanka_turns_pakistan_china_military_needs.html |first=Rahul |last=Bedi |title=Sri Lanka turns to Pakistan, China for military needs |publisher=Urdustan.com Network |work=IANS |access-date=2 June 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604170848/http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/jun/02/sri_lanka_turns_pakistan_china_military_needs.html |archive-date=4 June 2007}}</ref> || 6 May 2010<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/250874 |title=Russian MFA Spokesman Andrei Nesterenko Response to Media Question about the Signing of a Memorandum Granting the Status of SCO Dialogue Partner to Sri Lanka |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 7 June 2012<ref name="AFGTUR">{{cite news |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/7839137.html |title=SCO accepts Afghanistan as observer, Turkey dialogue partner |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |via=''People's Daily'' |access-date=2012-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128073821/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/7839137.html |archive-date=28 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> || 26 April 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-123_-26-april_-2013_-press-release-concerning-the-signing-of-a-memorandum-with-the-shanghai-cooperation-organization.en.mfa |title=No: 123, 26 April 2013, Press Release Concerning the Signing of a Memorandum with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Cambodia}} || rowspan=4 | 10 July 2015<ref>{{cite web|last=Kucera|first=Joshua|title=SCO Summit Provides Few Concrete Results, But More Ambitious Goals|url=https://eurasianet.org/sco-summit-provides-few-concrete-results-but-more-ambitious-goals|access-date=2021-10-16|website=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref>|| 24 September 2015<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tass.com/economy/823294 |title=Cambodia becomes dialogue partner in SCO |work=TASS}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 14 March 2016<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/news/xarici-isler-naziri-elmar-memmedyarov-cin-xalq-respublikasina-isguzar-seferi-cercivesinde-sanxay-emekdasliq-teskilatinin-bas-katibi-resid-alimov-ile-gorusub |title=Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov met with Rashid Alimov, Secretary General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization within his working visit to the People's Republic of China |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nepal}} || 22 March 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mofa.gov.np/press-release-issued-embassy-nepal-beijing/ |title=Press Release issued by Embassy of Nepal, Beijing on Nepal officially joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a dialogue partner. |publisher=Government of Nepal – Ministry of Foreign Affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804103547/https://mofa.gov.np/press-release-issued-embassy-nepal-beijing/ |archive-date=4 August 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2018 |ref=44}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Armenia}} || 16 April 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/press-releases/2016/04/16/sco-dial-part/6038 |title=Armenia was granted a status of dialogue partner in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Egypt}} || rowspan=3 | 16 September 2021 || rowspan=3 | 14 September 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=SCO member states signed memorandums on granting SCO dialogue partner status to the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Qatar |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/politics/20220916/912890/SCO-member-states-signed-memorandums-on-granting-SCO-dialogue-partner-status-to-the-Arab-Republic.html |website=Shanghai Cooperation Organization |access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Xi2022Meeting"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Qatar}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kuwait}}|| rowspan=5 | 16 September 2022 <ref name="Xi2022Meeting">{{cite web |title=President Xi Jinping Attends the 22nd Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State and Delivers Important Remarks|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202209/t20220916_10767162.html |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>|| rowspan="5" | 5 May 2023 <ref name="New SCO dialogue partners">{{cite web |title=New SCO dialogue partners|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/politics/20230506/942021/-New-SCO-dialogue-partners.html |website=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat|access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Maldives}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Myanmar}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=3 | '''Upcoming dialogue partners'''{{efn|These countries have not yet signed memorandums granting them the status of SCO dialogue partner, so they are not ''de jure'' dialogue partners yet. Historically, such memorandum has been signed within a year from an announcement that a country is approved as SCO dialogue partner.}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bahrain}} ||16 September 2022||TBD<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=3 | '''Former dialogue partners'''<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Belarus}} || 15 or 16 June 2009 || 28 April 2010<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Guest attendances ===<br />
Multiple international organisations and one country are guest attendances to SCO summits.<br />
* {{Flag|Association of Southeast Asian Nations}}<br />
* {{Flag|Commonwealth of Independent States}}<br />
* {{Flag|Turkmenistan}}<br />
* {{Flag|United Nations}}<br />
<br />
=== Future membership possibilities ===<br />
{{more citations needed|section}}<br />
In 2010, the SCO has approved a procedure for admitting new members.<ref name="CD_expand">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-06/12/content_9968565.htm|work=[[China Daily]]|last1=Wu|first1=Jiao|last2=Li|first2=Xiaokun|title=SCO agrees deal to expand|access-date=15 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617082428/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-06/12/content_9968565.htm|archive-date=17 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Better source needed}}<br />
<br />
Mongolia and Afghanistan, which have observer status, have stated their intention to become full SCO members.<ref name="AzeriDaily">{{cite web |url=http://azeridaily.com/politics/957 |title=Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia |work=Azeri Daily |author=Moskovskij Komsomolets |access-date=22 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222201738/http://azeridaily.com/politics/957 |archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref>{{better source needed}}<br />
<br />
In 2011, [[Turkey]] applied for dialogue partner status,<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news |last=Radyuhin |first=Vladimir |title=Vietnam bids to join SCO |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/vietnam-bids-to-join-sco/article2681358.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Moscow |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> which it obtained in 2013.<br />
<br />
Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] has stated that he has discussed the possibility of abandoning Turkey's candidacy of [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union|accession to the]] [[European Union]] in return for full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thenewturkey.org/turkey-between-shanghai-and-brussels |title = Turkey between Shanghai and Brussels|date = 14 May 2013|website = The New Turkey|last=Dalay|first= Galip|translator-last=Öz|translator-first=Handan|access-date = 2013-07-01|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160206085447/http://www.thenewturkey.org/turkey-between-shanghai-and-brussels/|archive-date = 6 February 2016}}</ref> This was reinforced again on 21 November 2016, after the [[European Parliament]] voted unanimously to suspend accession negotiations with Turkey.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-europe-erdogan-idUSKBN13F0CY| title = Fed up with EU, Erdogan says Turkey could join Shanghai Group| date = 21 November 2016| work = Reuters| last = Butler| first = Daren| access-date = 2016-11-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170621032937/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-europe-erdogan-idUSKBN13F0CY| archive-date = 21 June 2017| url-status = live}}</ref> Two days later, on 23 November 2016, Turkey was granted the chairmanship of SCO energy club for the 2017 period. That made Turkey the first country to chair a club in the organisation without full membership status. In 2022, 22nd summit of the Shangai Organization on September 15 and 16 in Samarkand. Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Azerbaijani counterpart, [[Ilham Aliyev|Ilhan Aliev]] were particularly expected. Asked by media, the Turkish president said that Turkey would seek full SCO membership status.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Turkey Seeks to Be First NATO Member to Join China-Led SCO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-17/turkey-seeks-china-led-bloc-membership-in-threat-to-nato-allies?srnd=fixed-income |access-date=2022-09-17 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com| date=17 September 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2011, [[Vietnam]] expressed interest in obtaining observer status (but has not applied for it).<ref name="TheHindu" /><br />
<br />
In 2012, [[Bangladesh]] applied for observer status.<ref name="AzeriDaily" /><ref>|url=https://arab.news/5c83v</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, [[Ukraine]] expressed interest in obtaining observer status (but has not applied for it).<ref>{{cite news |title=Yanukovych Tells Putin Kyiv Wants SCO Observer Status |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/yanukovych-tells-putin-kyiv-wants-sco-observer-status/24687868.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=10558 |title=Why Ukraine wants to become SCO's partner |last=Grigoryan |first=Gurgen |website=InfoSCO |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, [[Syria]] applied for dialogue partner status.{{efn|Syria has initially applied for observer status, but "it was explained that first it is necessary to become a dialogue partner of the organization".<ref name="Interfax" />}}<ref name="Interfax">{{cite news|url=http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=683491 |title=Syria, Israel, Egypt willing to join SCO's activity – president's special envoy |agency=[[Interfax]] |access-date=2016-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816144553/http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=683491 |archive-date=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://tass.ru/en/world/806320|title=Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc – Kremlin aide|access-date=2015-08-15|agency=[[TASS]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820191812/http://tass.ru/en/world/806320|archive-date=20 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- The second reference mentions the exact date on which Egypt applied for dialogue partner status. --><br />
<br />
In 2016, [[Israel]] applied for dialogue partner status.<ref name="Interfax" /><br />
<br />
In 2019 or earlier,{{when}} [[Iraq]] applied for dialogue partner status.<ref>{{cite news |title='SCO family' widening? Many candidates share 'Shanghai spirit', but expansion not a goal |url=https://tass.com/world/1076750 |work=[[TASS]] |access-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906165359/https://tass.com/world/1076750 |archive-date=6 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Turkmenistan]] has previously declared itself a permanently [[neutral country]], which was recognized by a resolution adopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]], thus precluding its membership in the SCO.<ref>{{UN doc |docid=A/RES/50/80 |body=A |session=90 |type=R |resolution_number=50/80 |title=Maintenance of international security |accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/sco-summit-2018-why-turkmenistan-is-not-part-of-the-eurasia-security-bloc-2711428.html|title=SCO Summit 2018: Why Turkmenistan is not part of the Eurasia security bloc|last=Shubham|website=oneindia.com|access-date=2019-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002956/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/sco-summit-2018-why-turkmenistan-is-not-part-of-the-eurasia-security-bloc-2711428.html|archive-date=20 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Turkmenistan head of state has been attending SCO summits since 2007 as a guest attendee.<br />
<br />
On March 29, 2023, Saudi Arabia's cabinet approved a memorandum on granting the kingdom the status of a dialogue partner in the SCO.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=Riyadh joins Shanghai Cooperation Organization as ties with Beijing grow |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/riyadh-joins-shanghai-cooperation-organization-ties-with-beijing-grow-2023-03-29/ |access-date=2023-03-29}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June, 2023, [[Algeria]] applied for observer status.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Algeria Submits an Application to Join the SCO |work=Echorouk |url=https://www.echoroukonline.com/algeria-submits-an-application-to-join-the-sco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=L'Algérie veut intégrer le capital de la banque des BRICS et l'organisation de Shanghai |work=L'Algérie Audjourd'hui |url=https://lalgerieaujourdhui.dz/lalgerie-veut-integrer-le-capital-de-la-banque-des-brics-et-lorganisation-de-shanghai/}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Activities ==<br />
===Cooperation on security===<br />
The SCO is primarily centered on security-related concerns, often describing the main threats it confronts as being [[terrorism]], [[separatism]] and [[extremism]]. It has addressed regional human trafficking, weapons trafficking, and created terrorist blacklists.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=96}}<br />
<br />
At SCO summit, held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 16–17 June 2004, the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) was established. On 21 April 2006, the SCO announced plans to fight cross-border drug crimes under the counter-terrorism rubric.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | title = SCO to intensify fight against cross-border drug crimes | date = 22 April 2006 | location = Beijing | editor-last= Luan |editor-first=Shanglin | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 11 June 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150515211539/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | archive-date = 15 May 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2007, the SCO signed an agreement with the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]] (CSTO), in the Tajik capital of Dushanbe, to broaden cooperation on issues such as security, crime, and drug trafficking.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | title = Security alliances led by Russia, China link up | date = 6 October 2007 | work = Business Recorder | location = Dushanbe | access-date = 4 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170100/http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | archive-date = 4 August 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The organisation is also redefining [[cyberwarfare]], saying that the dissemination of information "harmful to the spiritual, moral and cultural spheres of other states" should be considered a "security threat". An accord adopted in 2009 defined "[[information warfare|information war]]", in part, as an effort by a state to undermine another's "political, economic, and social systems".<ref>{{cite news<br />
| url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130052701<br />
| title=Seeing The Internet As An 'Information Weapon'<br />
| work=National Public Radio<br />
| first=Tom<br />
| last=Gjelten<br />
| date=23 September 2010<br />
| access-date=23 September 2010<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924110725/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130052701<br />
| archive-date=24 September 2010<br />
| url-status=live<br />
}}</ref> ''[[The Diplomat]]'' reported in 2017 that SCO has foiled 600 terror plots and extradited 500 terrorists through RATS.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Desai|first=Suyash|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/indias-sco-challenge/|title=India's SCO Challenge|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406230817/https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/indias-sco-challenge/|archive-date=6 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The 36th meeting of the Council of the RATS decided to hold a joint anti-terror exercise, Pabbi-Antiterror-2021, in Pakistan in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=PTI|title=India, Pakistan, China to participate in SCO joint anti-terrorism exercise|url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/india-pakistan-china-to-participate-in-sco-joint-anti-terrorism-exercise/625869/|access-date=2021-03-27|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Military activities===<br />
[[File:Putin and Hu JintaoPeace Mission 2007.jpg|thumb|left|SCO leaders at Peace Mission 2007. [[Hu Jintao]], [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] and [[Islam Karimov]]]]<br />
Over the past few years, the organisation's activities have expanded to include increased military cooperation, [[intelligence sharing]], and [[counterterrorism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|last=Scheineson|first=Andrew |access-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511042105/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|archive-date=11 May 2010}}</ref> At the same time, leaders of SCO states have repeatedly stated that the SCO is not a military alliance.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tugsbilguun |first=Tumurkhuleg |title=Does the Shanghai Cooperation Represent an Example of a Military Alliance? |url=https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/MJIA/article/download/32/32 |journal=The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs |volume=15–16 |pages=59–107 |access-date=August 6, 2022 |quote=In contrast, the political leaders and most analysts in the SCO member states, especially those in its two most influential members, Russia and China, have repeatedly emphasized that the SCO is not a military alliance, since it is not directed against a third party and is only interested in combating threats posed by terrorism, separatism and extremism.}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of 2023, the SCO had not provided military support in any actual conflicts.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=100}} However, military exercises are regularly conducted among members to promote cooperation and coordination against terrorism and other external threats, and to maintain regional peace and stability.<ref name="about-sco">{{cite web|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|title=About SCO|publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182720/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|archive-date=28 October 2017|access-date=2017-06-09}}</ref> There have been a number of SCO joint military exercises. The first of these was held in 2003, with the first phase taking place in Kazakhstan and the second in China. Since then China and Russia have teamed up for large-scale war games in [[Peace Mission 2005]], Peace Mission 2007 and Peace Mission 2009, under the auspices of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. More than 4,000 soldiers participated at the joint military exercises in Peace Mission 2007, which took place in [[Chelyabinsk]], Russia near the [[Ural Mountains]], as was agreed upon in April 2006 at a meeting of SCO Defence Ministers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hutzler|first=Charles|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2015|title=China, Russia, Others to Hold Joint Drills|agency=Associated Press|access-date=12 June 2015|url-access=subscription |via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Yu|first=Bin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|title=Common exercise, different goals|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614172225/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|archive-date=14 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Russian Defence Minister [[Sergei Ivanov]] said that the exercises would be transparent and open to media and the public. Following the war games' successful completion, Russian officials began speaking of India joining such exercises in the future and the SCO taking on a military role. Peace Mission 2010, conducted 9–25 September at Kazakhstan's Matybulak training area, saw over 5,000 personnel from China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan conduct joint planning and operational maneuvers.<ref>{{citation | last = Boland | first = Julie | url = http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | title = Learning From The Shanghai Cooperation Organization's 'Peace Mission-2010' Exercise" | publisher = [[The Brookings Institution]] | date = 29 October 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110628085252/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | archive-date = 28 June 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
The SCO has served as a platform for larger military announcements by members. During the 2007 war games in Russia, with leaders of SCO member states in attendance including Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]], Russia's President [[Vladimir Putin]] used the occasion to take advantage of a captive audience. Russian strategic bombers, he said, would resume regular long-range patrols for the first time since the [[Cold War]]. "Starting today, such tours of duty will be conducted regularly and on the strategic scale", Putin said. "Our pilots have been grounded for too long. They are happy to start a new life".{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
On 4 June 2014, in the Tajik capital Dushanbe, the idea was brought up to merge the SCO with the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]]. However, in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late March 2021, many SCO and even CSTO members have distanced themselves from military cooperation with Russia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/10/9/putin-is-increasingly-fighting-alone | title=Putin is fighting alone }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Economic cooperation===<br />
Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are also members of the [[Eurasian Economic Union]].<br />
<br />
A Framework Agreement to enhance economic cooperation was signed by the SCO member states on 23 September 2003. At the same meeting the [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier of China]], [[Wen Jiabao]], proposed a long-term objective to establish a [[free trade area]] in the SCO, while other more immediate measures would be taken to improve the flow of goods in the region.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3A+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | title = LEAD: Central Asian powers agree to pursue free-trade zone. | date = 23 September 2003 | location = Beijing | author = Kyodo News | publisher = Kyodo News International, Inc. | access-date = 21 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150717215118/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3a+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | archive-date = 17 July 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |title= China Intensifies Regional Trade Talks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121832/http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |archive-date=24 October 2007 }} International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)</ref> A follow up plan with 100 specific actions was signed one year later, on 23 September 2004.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2004/20040923_sco_jc.html | title = Joint Communique of the Council of the Governmental Heads (Prime Ministers) of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Member States | date = 23 September 2004 | author = China Foreign Ministry | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090330053454/http://www.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2004/20040923_sco_jc.html | archive-date = 30 March 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 October 2005, during the Moscow Summit of the SCO, the Secretary General of the Organisation said that the SCO will prioritise joint energy projects; including in the oil and gas sector, the exploration of new [[hydrocarbon]] reserves, and joint use of water resources. The creation of the [[SCO Interbank Consortium]] was also agreed upon at that summit in order to fund future joint projects. The first meeting of the SCO Interbank Association was held in Beijing on 21–22 February 2006.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2370411 | title = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Eyes Economic, Security Cooperation | work = Eurasia Daily Monitor | publisher = The Jamestown Foundation | first = Sergei | last = Blagov | date = 31 October 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071101021114/http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2370411 | archive-date = 1 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.nbu.com/news/read.php?id=421 |title=SCO Ministers of Foreign Economic Activity and Trade to meet in Tashkent |publisher=National Bank of Uzbekistan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815171922/http://eng.nbu.com/news/read.php?id=421 |archive-date=15 August 2011 }}</ref> On 30 November 2006, at ''The SCO: Results and Perspectives'', an international conference held in Almaty, the representative of the [[Russian Foreign Ministry]] announced that Russia is developing plans for an SCO "Energy Club".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=84086 | title = Russia's Foreign Ministry develops concept of SCO Energy Club | work = Kazakhstan Today | publisher = Gazeta.kz Internet Agency | date = 1 December 2006 | location = [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan | access-date = 3 December 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007075148/http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=84086 | archive-date = 7 October 2007 | url-status = live }}</ref> The need for this "club" was reiterated by Moscow at an SCO summit in November 2007. Other SCO members, however, have not committed themselves to the idea.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav110707a.shtml | title = Russia Urges Formation of Central Asian Energy Club | work = Eurasianet | date = 6 November 2007 | first = Sergei | last = Blagov | publisher = The Open Society Institute | access-date = 11 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063714/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav110707a.shtml | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> However, during the 2008 summit it was stated that "Against the backdrop of a slowdown in the growth of world economy pursuing a responsible currency and financial policy, control over the capital flowing, ensuring food and [[energy security]] have been gaining special significance".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sectsco.org/html/00030.html | title = Chronicle of Main Events of 'Shanghai Five' and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | publisher = The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | year = 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014132514/http://www.sectsco.org/html/00030.html | archive-date = 14 October 2008}}</ref>{{failed verification}}<br />
<br />
At the 2007 SCO summit Iranian Vice President [[Parviz Davoodi]] addressed an initiative that had been garnering greater interest and assuming a heightened sense of urgency when he said, "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is a good venue for designing a new banking system which is independent from international banking systems".<ref>Mehr News Agency, 31 October 2008.</ref><br />
<br />
The address by President Putin also included these comments:<br />
<blockquote><br />
We now clearly see the defectiveness of the monopoly in world finance and the policy of economic selfishness. To solve the current problem Russia will take part in changing the global financial structure so that it will be able to guarantee stability and prosperity in the world and to ensure progress.<br />
<br /><br />
The world is seeing the emergence of a qualitatively different [[geo-political]] situation, with the emergence of new centers of economic growth and political influence.<br />
<br /><br />
We will witness and take part in the transformation of the global and regional security and development architectures adapted to new realities of the 21st century, when stability and prosperity are becoming inseparable notions.<ref>''Russia Today'', 30 October 2008</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
[[File:SCO Summit Ekaterinburg 2009.jpg|thumb|Leaders present at the SCO summit in [[Yekaterinburg]], Russia in 2009.]]<br />
<br />
On 16 June 2009, at the Yekaterinburg Summit, China announced plans to provide a US$10 billion loan to other SCO member states to shore up the struggling economies of its members amid the global financial crisis.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/16/content_11552439.htm | title = China to provide 10-billion-dollar loan to SCO members | editor-last= Deng |editor-first=Shasha | date = 16 June 2009 | location = Yekaterinburg, Russia | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 21 July 2015 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073311/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/16/content_11552439.htm | archive-date = 4 March 2016}}</ref> The summit was held together with the first [[BRIC]] summit, and the China–Russia joint statement said that they want a bigger quota in the [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{cite news |editor=Yan |title=China, Russia sign five-point joint statement |access-date=23 June 2009 |quote=They also said that a new round of the IMF quota formula review and the reform schemes of the World Bank should be completed on time and that the emerging markets and developing countries should have a bigger say and broader representation in the international financial institutions. |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/18/content_11558133.htm |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620111314/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/18/content_11558133.htm |archive-date=20 June 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
During 2019 Bishkek summit, [[Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] has suggested taking steps to trade in local currencies instead of U.S. dollars and setting up financial institutions including an SCO bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/shanghai-cooperation-organization-summit-kicks-off-in-bishkek/1504148|title=Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit kicks off in Bishkek|website=www.aa.com.tr|access-date=2019-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929213418/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/shanghai-cooperation-organization-summit-kicks-off-in-bishkek/1504148|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2022, Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister for Economic Diplomacy Mehdi Safari has suggested creating a single SCO currency to facilitate trade and financial transactions among SCO members.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/1122205 |language=fa |script-title=fa:پیشنهاد ایران به سازمان شانگهای برای ایجاد پول واحد<br />
|trans-title=Iran's proposal to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to create a single currency |website=TABNAK |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
During 19–22 October 2022, Iran will host SCOCOEX, an international conference and exhibition on economic cooperation opportunities available to the SCO member states and partners.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/06/21/2731950/scocoex-event-in-iran-deferred-to-october |title=SCOCOEX Event in Iran Deferred to October |website=Tasnim |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
As part of the SCO's economic agenda, it has established a relatively successful student exchange program called the SCO University.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=95}} <br />
<br />
=== Cultural cooperation ===<br />
Cultural cooperation also occurs in the SCO framework. Culture ministers of the SCO met for the first time in Beijing on 12 April 2002, signing a joint statement for continued cooperation. The third meeting of the Culture Ministers took place in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 27–28 April 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://english.people.com.cn/200204/13/eng20020413_93954.shtml |title = Culture Ministers of SCO Member States Meet in Beijing |date = 13 April 2002 |newspaper = People's Daily |publisher = People's Daily Online |access-date = 11 June 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130426094709/http://english.people.com.cn/200204/13/eng20020413_93954.shtml |archive-date = 26 April 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=74059 |title = SCO Culture Ministers to Meet in Tashkent | work = Kazakhstan Today | publisher = Gazeta.kz Internet Agency |date = 17 April 2006 |location = [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090418125956/http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=74059 |archive-date = 18 April 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
An SCO Arts Festival and Exhibition was held for the first time during the Astana Summit in 2005. Kazakhstan has also suggested an SCO [[folk dance]] festival to take place in 2008, in Astana.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2141605 |title = Kazakhstan Backs Promotion of SCO Cultural Ties |work = KazInform |agency = [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|KazInform]] International News Agency |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195124/http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2141605 |archive-date = 3 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Summits==<br />
According to the Charter of the SCO, summits of the Council of Heads of State shall be held annually at alternating venues. The locations of these summits follow the alphabetical order of the member state's name in Russian.<ref name=charter>{{cite web|url=http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |title=Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713224811/http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |archive-date=13 July 2014 }}</ref> The charter also dictates that the Council of Heads of Government (that is, the Prime Ministers) shall meet annually in a place decided upon by the council members. The Council of Foreign Ministers is supposed to hold a summit one month before the annual summit of Heads of State. Extraordinary meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers can be called by any two member states.<ref name=charter/><br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
|align=center<br />
|direction=horizontal<br />
|total_width = 720<br />
|image1=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit Bishkek 2007.jpg<br />
|caption1=Summit of [[Bishkek]] ([[Kyrgyzstan]]) in 2007.<br />
|image2=SCO summit (2018-06-10) 1.jpg<br />
|caption2=Heads of state of member states at the 2018 summit in [[Qingdao]], [[Shandong]], China<br />
|image3=Meeting of SCO leaders - 20190614 - 01.jpg<br />
|caption3= Heads of states and governments of the member states at the 2019 summit<br />
|image4=SCO meeting (2022-09-16).jpg<br />
|caption4= Heads of states and governments of the member states at the [[2022 SCO summit|2022 summit]] in [[Samarkand]], Uzbekistan<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===List of summits===<br />
{| class="wikitable""<br />
|+ Summits of heads of state<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Date !! scope="col" | Country !! scope="col" | Location<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14–15 June 2001 || {{CHN}} || [[Shanghai]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 7 June 2002 || {{RUS}} || [[Saint Petersburg]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 29 May 2003 || {{RUS}} || [[Moscow]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 17 June 2004 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 5 July 2005 || {{KAZ}} || [[Astana]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 15 June 2006 || {{CHN}} || [[Shanghai]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 16 August 2007 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 28 August 2008 || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 15–16 June 2009 || {{RUS}} || [[Yekaterinburg]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 10–11 June 2010 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<ref name=yekat>{{cite web|url=http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |title=Joint Communiqué of Meeting of the Council of the Heads of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710232015/http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |archive-date=10 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14–15 June 2011 || {{KAZ}} || [[Astana]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm | title = SCO vows to strengthen cooperation with its observers, dialogue partners | date = 11 June 2010 | location = [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan | editor-last= Tang|editor-first=Danlu | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 11 June 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121106123408/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm | archive-date = 6 November 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | [[2012 SCO summit|6–7 June 2012]] || {{CHN}} || [[Beijing]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 13 September 2013 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | [[2014 SCO summit|11–12 September 2014]] || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 9–10 July 2015 || {{RUS}} || [[Ufa]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 23–24 June 2016 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm | title = Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016 | date = 10 July 2015 | location = [[Ufa]], Russia | author = Song Miou | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 11 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151003103344/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm | archive-date = 3 October 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | [[2017 SCO summit|8–9 June 2017]] || {{KAZ}} || [[Astana]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | {{Interlanguage link|2018 SCO summit|zh|2018年上海合作组织青岛峰会|lt=9–10 June 2018}} || {{CHN}} || [[Qingdao]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14–15 June 2019 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<ref>{{cite news|publisher=AKIpress News Agency|title=Kyrgyzstan to host SCO summit in June 2019|access-date=24 April 2019|url-access=subscription|url=https://akipress.com/news:615057/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151843/https://akipress.com/news:615057/|archive-date=24 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 10 November 2020 || {{RUS}} || ''videoconference''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64385 |title=Заседание Совета глав государств – членов ШОС |access-date=10 November 2020 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 16–17 September 2021 || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/amp/40115796|title = PM to attend SCO head of states meeting in Dushanbe|date = 26 August 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | [[2022 SCO summit|15–16 September 2022]]|| {{UZB}} || [[Samarkand]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 4 July 2023 || {{IND}} || ''virtual''<ref>https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/36622/SCO_Summit_under_Indias_Chairmanship</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Summits of heads of government<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Date !! scope="col" | Country !! scope="col" | Location<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14 September 2001 || {{KAZ}} || [[Almaty]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | — || — || —<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 23 September 2003 || {{CHN}} || [[Beijing]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 23 September 2004 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 26 October 2005 || {{RUS}} || [[Moscow]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 15 September 2006 || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 2 November 2007 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 30 October 2008 || {{KAZ}} || [[Astana]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14 October 2009 || {{CHN}} || [[Beijing]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-10-14-voa14.cfm | title = Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Concludes in Beijing | first = Stephanie | last = Ho | location = Beijing | date = 14 October 2009 | publisher = [[Voice of America]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091026210050/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-10-14-voa14.cfm | archive-date = 26 October 2009 | access-date = 11 June 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 25 November 2010 || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-11/25/content_11607534.htm | title = Wen arrives in Tajikistan for SCO meeting | agency = Xinhua News Agency | date = 25 November 2010 | location = Dushanbe, Tajikistan | work = [[China Daily]]| access-date = 11 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160807200114/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-11/25/content_11607534.htm | archive-date = 7 August 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 7 November 2011 || {{RUS}} || [[Saint Petersburg]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 5 December 2012 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<ref>{{cite news|title=SCO Meeting Expected to Boost Cooperation Among Members|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/sco-meeting-expected-to-boost-cooperation-among-members/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 29 November 2013 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14–15 December 2014 || {{KAZ}} || [[Astana]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 14–15 December 2015 || {{CHN}} || [[Zhengzhou]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 2–3 November 2016 || {{KGZ}} || [[Bishkek]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 30 November 2017 || {{RUS}} || [[Sochi]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 11–12 October 2018 || {{TJK}} || [[Dushanbe]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | 1–2 November 2019 || {{UZB}} || [[Tashkent]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:right" | 30 November 2020 || {{IND}} || ''videoconference''<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:right" | 25 November 2021 || {{KAZ}} || ''videoconference''<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:right" | 1 November 2022 || {{CHN}} || ''videoconference''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
===Relations with the West===<br />
<br />
The [[United States]] applied for observer status in the SCO, but was rejected in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/jun/16/shanghaisurprise | title = Shanghai surprise: The summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation reveals how power is shifting in the world | first = Dilip | last = Hiro | date = 16 June 2006 | website = The Guardian | access-date = 2019-06-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140923025607/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/jun/16/shanghaisurprise | archive-date = 23 September 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />
At the Astana summit in July 2005, with the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq foreshadowing an indefinite presence of U.S. forces in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, the SCO requested the U.S. to set a clear timetable for withdrawing its troops from SCO member states. Shortly afterwards, Uzbekistan requested the U.S. leave the [[Karshi-Khanabad Air Base|K2 air base]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/08/stories/2005070800711400.htm | title = Central Asia: China and Russia up the ante | first = Siddharth | last = Varadarajan | date = 8 July 2005 | access-date = 13 December 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090529184633/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/08/stories/2005070800711400.htm | archive-date = 29 May 2009 | website = [[The Hindu]] | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
A report in 2007 noted that the SCO has made no direct comments against the U.S. or its military presence in the region; however, some indirect statements at the past summits have been viewed by Western media outlets as "thinly veiled swipes at Washington".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav082007a.shtml | title = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summiteers Take Shots at US Presence in Central Asia | website = Eurasianet | date = 19 August 2007 | first = Joshua | last = Kucera | publisher = The Open Society Institute | access-date = 11 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083232/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav082007a.shtml | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
From 2001 to 2008, the Western reaction to the SCO was generally skepticism of the organization's goals.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=95}} By the 2010s, however, the West increasingly began to view the SCO as a potential contributor to stability in the region, particularly with regards to Afghanistan.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=96}}<br />
<br />
===Geopolitical aspects===<br />
[[File:2015 Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization 05.jpg|thumb|SCO summit in [[Ufa]], Russia in 2015]]<br />
[[File:SCO and NATO.svg|thumb|right|SCO and NATO Member States]]<br />
There have been many discussions and commentaries about the geopolitical nature of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Matthew Brummer, in the Journal of International Affairs, tracks the implications of SCO expansion into the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>Journal of International Affairs. 2007. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Iran: A Power-full Union. Matthew Brummer</ref> Also, according to political scientist [[Thomas Ambrosio]], one aim of SCO was to ensure that [[liberal democracy]] could not gain ground in these countries.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Catching the 'Shanghai Spirit': How the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Promotes Authoritarian Norms in Central Asia|journal=Europe-Asia Studies|volume=60|issue=8|last1=Ambrosio|pages=1321–1344|doi=10.1080/09668130802292143|s2cid=153557248}}</ref> Political scientist Thomas Fingar writes that China took the lead in establishing the Shanghai Five primarily to limit Russia's ability to reassert its influence in Central Asia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fingar |first=Thomas |url= |title=The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |others=Thomas Fingar |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |location=Stanford, California |pages=41 |chapter=China's Goals in South Asia |oclc=939553543 |author-link=Thomas Fingar}}</ref><br />
<br />
Iranian writer [[Hamid Golpira]] had this to say on the topic: "According to [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]'s theory, control of the [[Eurasia]]n landmass is the key to global domination and control of [[Central Asia]] is the key to control of the Eurasian landmass....Russia and China have been paying attention to Brzezinski's theory, since they formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in 2001, ostensibly to curb extremism in the region and enhance border security, but most probably with the real objective of counterbalancing the activities of the United States and the rest of the [[NATO]] alliance in [[Central Asia]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/182891/Iraq-smoke-screen |title=Iraq smoke screen |last=Golpira |first=Hamid |work=Tehran Times |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804105127/http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/182891/Iraq-smoke-screen |archive-date=4 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
At a 2005 summit in Kazakhstan the SCO issued a Declaration of Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation which addressed their "concerns" and contained an elaboration of the organisation's principles. It included: "The heads of the member states point out that, against the backdrop of a contradictory process of globalisation, multilateral cooperation, which is based on the principles of equal right and mutual respect, non-intervention in internal affairs of sovereign states, non-confrontational way of thinking and consecutive movement towards democratisation of international relations, contributes to overall peace and security, and call upon the international community, irrespective of its differences in ideology and social structure, to form a new concept of security based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and interaction."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=http://www.sectsco.org/news_detail.asp?id=407&LanguageID=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804191808/http://www.sectsco.org/news_detail.asp?id=407&LanguageID=2 |archive-date=4 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2005 Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] reiterated that the "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is working to establish a rational and just world order" and that "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation provides us with a unique opportunity to take part in the process of forming a fundamentally new model of geopolitical integration".<ref>UzReport, 28 November 2005</ref><br />
<br />
The ''[[People's Daily]]'' expressed the matter in these terms: "The Declaration points out that the SCO member countries have the ability and responsibility to safeguard the security of the Central Asian region, and calls on Western countries to leave Central Asia. That is the most noticeable signal given by the Summit to the world".<ref>{{citation | url = http://en.people.cn/200507/08/eng20050708_194907.html | title = Opinion: SCO sends strong signals for West to leave Central Asia | work = People's Daily | date = 8 July 2008 | author = People's Daily Online | access-date = 11 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160809060939/http://en.people.cn/200507/08/eng20050708_194907.html | archive-date = 9 August 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, India as SCO chair, invited Pakistan's Foreign Affairs Minister and Chief justice to attend a meeting in Goa in May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India invites Pak FM Bilawal Bhutto, Chief Justice for SCO meet |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-invites-pak-fm-bilawal-bhutto-chief-justice-for-sco-meet-101674629291592.html |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> SCO is not a platform for resolving bilateral issues while India and Pakistan continue to argue over terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India sends Pakistan a message, Russia slams West at SCO meeting |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/India-sends-Pakistan-a-message-Russia-slams-West-at-SCO-meeting |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
===Human rights issues===<br />
{{further|Human rights in China{{!}}Human rights issues in China|Human rights in India{{!}}India|Human rights in Iran{{!}}Iran|Human rights in Kazakhstan{{!}}Kazakhstan|Human rights in Kyrgyzstan{{!}}Kyrgyzstan|Human rights in Pakistan{{!}}Pakistan|Human rights in Russia{{!}}Russia|Human rights in Tajikistan{{!}}Tajikistan|Human rights in Uzbekistan{{!}}Uzbekistan}}<br />
In the December 2015 United Nations General Assembly vote, all six members of the SCO voted against the overall human rights situation in Iran, expressing concern not only about religious persecution but also the government's frequent use of the death penalty, failure to uphold legal due process, restrictions on freedom of expression, and ongoing discrimination against women and ethnic minorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bic.org/news/ongoing-human-rights-violations-iran-spotlighted-un-vote|title=Ongoing human rights violations in Iran spotlighted in UN vote}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2019, five of the eight SCO members were among the 50 countries that backed [[Xinjiang re-education camps|China's policies in Xinjiang]], signing a joint letter to the UNHRC commending China's "remarkable achievements in the field of human rights", claiming "Now safety and security has returned to Xinjiang and the fundamental human rights of people of all ethnic groups there are safeguarded.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who cares about the Uyghurs|url=https://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/images/print-edition/20190727_CNM997.png|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Letter to UNHRC|url=https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/HRC/c_gov/A_HRC_41_G_17.DOCX|website=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> By June 2020, four of the eight SCO members were among the 53 countries that backed the [[Hong Kong national security law]] at the United Nations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lawler|first1=Dave|title=The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong|url=https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html|access-date=3 July 2020|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Other analysis ===<br />
A 2015 [[European Parliamentary Research Service]] paper concludes, "The SCO's main achievement thus far is to have offered its members a cooperative forum to balance their conflicting interests and to ease bilateral tensions. It has built up joint capabilities and has agreed on common approaches in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism. However, major shortcomings, such as institutional weaknesses, a lack of common financial funds for the implementation of joint projects and conflicting national interests have prevented the SCO from achieving a higher level of regional cooperation in other areas."<ref>{{cite web |last=Grieger |first=Gisela |title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/564368/EPRS_BRI(2015)564368_EN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527103951/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/564368/EPRS_BRI(2015)564368_EN.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=European Parliament Think Tank |page=1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Current leaders of member states==<br />
<!--WARNING 1: Do not put successors of the current heads of states until he or she takes office.--><br />
<!--WARNING 2: This section lists THE LEADERS of the states, NOT THE HEADS of the states. For example, the head of state of India is the President of India; however, the leader of India is the Prime Minister of India. --><br />
<br />
<gallery class="center" widths="150" classes="center"><br />
File:Xi Jinping 2019 (49060546152) 2.jpg|{{flagicon|PRC}} '''[[China|People's Republic of China]]'''<br />[[Xi Jinping]]<br />[[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]]<br />
File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[India|Republic of India]]'''<br />[[Narendra Modi]]<br />[[Prime Minister of India]]<br />
File:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (2020-02-01).jpg|{{flagicon|KAZ}} '''[[Kazakhstan|Republic of Kazakhstan]]'''<br />[[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]]<br />[[President of Kazakhstan]]<br />
File:President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov.jpg|{{flagicon|KGZ}} '''[[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz Republic]]'''<br />[[Sadyr Japarov]]<br />[[President of Kyrgyzstan]]<br />
File:Mian Shehbaz Sharif.JPG|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''[[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]'''<br />[[Shehbaz Sharif]]<br />[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]<br />
File:Vladimir Putin 11-10-2020 (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Russia|Russian Federation]]'''<br />[[Vladimir Putin]]<br />[[President of Russia]]<br />
File:Emomali Rahmon 2019.jpg|{{flagicon|TJK}} '''[[Tajikistan|Republic of Tajikistan]]'''<br />[[Emomali Rahmon]]<br />[[President of Tajikistan]]<br />
File:Shavkat Mirziyoyev official portrait (cropped 2).jpg|{{flagicon|UZB}} '''[[Uzbekistan|Republic of Uzbekistan]]'''<br />[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]<br />[[President of Uzbekistan]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Politics|Asia|Europe}}<br />
* [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]]<br />
* [[Asia–Europe Meeting]]<br />
* [[Belt and Road Initiative]]<br />
* [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]]<br />
* [[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia]]<br />
* [[Eurasian Economic Union]]<br />
* [[Eurasianism]]<br />
* [[China–Russia relations]]<br />
* [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] <br />
* [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation]]<br />
* [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin|30em}}<br />
* Adıbelli, Barış (2006). "Greater Eurasia Project". Istanbul: IQ Publishing House.<br />
* Adıbelli, Barış (2007). ''Turkey–China Relations since the Ottoman Period''. Istanbul: IQ Publishing House.<br />
* Adıbelli, Barış (2007). ''The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Dream of Turkey''. Istanbul: Cumhuriyet Strateji.<br />
* Adıbelli, Barış (2007). [http://www.barisadibelli.com/ ''The Eurasia Strategy of China'']. Istanbul: IQ Publishing House.<br />
* Adıbelli, Barış (2008). ''The Great Game in Eurasian Geopolitics''. Istanbul: IQ Publishing House.<br />
* Chabal, Pierre (2019), La coopération de Shanghai : conceptualiser la nouvelle Asie, Presses de l'Université de Liège, 308 p; 2019 – [http://www.presses.uliege.be/jcms/c_21617/la-cooperation-de-shanghai Presses Universitaires de Liège – La coopération de Shanghai] <br />
* Chabal, Pierre (2016), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205211755/http://www.peterlang.com/download/datasheet/90256/datasheet_574297.pdf L'Organisation de Coopération de Shanghai et la construction de "la nouvelle Asie"], Brussels: Peter Lang, 492 p.<br />
* Chabal, Pierre (2015), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205210548/http://www.peterlang.com/download/datasheet/89167/datasheet_574277.pdf Concurrences Interrégionales Europe-Asie au 21ème siècle], Brussels: Peter Lang, 388 p.<br />
* Cohen, Dr. Ariel. (18 July 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307024438/http://www.heritage.org/research/russiaandeurasia/bg1459.cfm "The Russia-China Friendship and Cooperation Treaty: A Strategic Shift in Eurasia?"]. [[The Heritage Foundation]].<br />
* Cohen, Dr. Ariel. (24 October 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100302231849/http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/hl901.cfm "Competition over Eurasia: Are the U.S. and Russia on a Collision Course?"]. The Heritage Foundation.<br />
* Colson, Charles. (5 August 2003). [http://www.rferl.org/features/2003/08/05082003154708.asp "Central Asia: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Makes Military Debut"]. ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]''.<br />
* Daly, John. (19 July 2001). [http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jtsm/jtsm010719_1_n.shtml "'Shanghai Five' expands to combat Islamic radicals"]. ''[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]] Terrorism & Security Monitor''.<br />
* Douglas, John Keefer; Matthew B. Nelson, and Kevin Schwartz; {{cite web|url= http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2006/China_ME_FINAL.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121212004708/http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2006/China_ME_FINAL.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2012-12-12 |title="Fueling the Dragon's Flame: How China's Energy Demands Affect its Relationships in the Middle East". }}&nbsp;{{small|(162&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}, United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission, October 2006.<br />
* Fels, Enrico (2009), ''Assessing Eurasia's Powerhouse. An Inquiry into the Nature of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation'', Winkler Verlag: Bochum. {{ISBN|978-3-89911-107-1}}<br />
* Gill, Bates and Oresman, [https://web.archive.org/web/20061129202941/http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,15/ Matthew, China's New Journey to the West: Report on China's Emergence in Central Asia and Implications for U.S. Interests], CSIS Press, August 2003<br />
* Kalra, Prajakti and Saxena, Siddharth [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174240/http://www.turkishpolicy.com/images/stories/2007-02-centraleurasia/TPQ2007-2-kalra%2Bsaxena.pdf "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Prospects of Development in Eurasia Region"] Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol 6. No. 2, 2007<br />
* Plater-Zyberk, Henry; Monaghan, Andrew (2014). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11392 ''Strategic Implications of the Evolving Shanghai Cooperation Organization'']. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press.<br />
* Oresman, Matthew, {{cite web|url= http://www.ndu.edu/ctnsp/tamerlane/Tamerlane-Chapter19.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100326123906/http://www.ndu.edu/ctnsp/tamerlane/Tamerlane-Chapter19.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2010-03-26 |title=Beyond the Battle of Talas: China's Re-emergence in Central Asia }}&nbsp;{{small|(4.74&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]])}}, National Defence University Press, August 2004<br />
* Sznajder, Ariel Pablo, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150615224847/http://irps.ucsd.edu/assets/004/5367.pdf "China's Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Strategy"], [[University of California Press]], May 2006<br />
* Yom, Sean L. (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053738/http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/129/5 "Power Politics in Central Asia: The Future of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"]. ''Harvard Asia Quarterly'' '''6''' (4) 48–54.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
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* {{Official website}}<br />
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